GS 4.113: 980ol8/ bk.1/c.2 I - -- t ( __ Cr cq 'A -' A S En rrl CD >1 Vt PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES 4004 PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES Jimmy Carter 1980-81 (IN THREE BOOKS) BOOK I-JANUARY 1 TO MAY 23, 1980 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1981 Published by the Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword The papers contained in this volume, covering approximately the first five months of 1980, document some of the most difficult moments of my Presidency and of our Nation's recent history. Our Nation faced sharp new challenges abroad. Our foreign policy was conducted in the glare of two great crises-the holding of 52 American hostages in Iran and the brutal invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. The American people responded in a strong and principled fashion. During this time the Nation acted with patience, a willingness to sacrifice for the national good, and a complete dedication to peace. Confronted with outrageous behavior abroad, we as a nation never strayed from the great value we place on human life and human freedom. These papers will document the most agonizing point in my Presidency-the failed hostage rescue mission in April. Domestically, the administration and the Congress inaugurated the Department of Education and joined together in a renewed battle against the ravages of inflation. A contest for the Democratic nomination underscored the problems posed to a modern President as he seeks to secure support for necessary public policy initiatives in the context of a Presidential election year. The documents in this volume tell us much about the nature of the modern Presidency and the problems facing our Nation. It is impossible for a President to focus all his attention and time on just one situation. Like the people he leads, he is pulled in many directions at once. This makes adhering to tested American values all the more critical, and I believe that the period of American history this volume covers clearly demonstrated the ability of the American people to do just that. v - - - - - -- --- --- -- -- w Preface This book contains the papers and speeches of the 39th President of the United States which were issued by the White House Press Office during the period January 1-May 23, 1980. Two additional Public Papers books completing President Carter's fourth year in office will be printed later in 1981. The material has been compiled and published by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. The material is presented in chronological order within each week, and the dates shown in the headings are the dates of the documents or events. In instances when the release date differs from the date of the document itself, that fact is shown in the textnote. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy. Tape recordings are used to protect against errors in transcription of Presidential remarks, and signed documents are checked against the original to verify the correct printing. Textnotes, footnotes, and cross references have been provided by the editors for purposes of identification or clarity. Speeches were delivered in Washington, D.C., and other documents released there, unless indicated. All times noted are local times. All materials have been fully indexed. In addition to the usual subject-matter entries in the index, the material has been classified in categories reflecting the type of Presidential activity or document. For example, a reader interested in the President's speeches will find them listed in the index under "Addresses and Remarks." An index accounting for all the materials for 1980-81 will be included in Book III. The Public Papers series was begun in 1957 in response to a recommendation of the National Historical Publications Commission. An extensive compilation of messages and papers of the Presidents covering the period 1789 to 1897 was assembled by James D. Richardson and published under congressional authority between 1896 and 1899. Since then, various private compilations have been issued, but there was no uniform publication comparable to the Congressional Record or the United States Supreme Court Reports. Many Presidential papers could be found only in the form of mimeographed White House releases or as reported in the press. The Commission therefore recommended the establishment of an official series in which Presidential writings, addresses, and remarks of a public nature could be made available. The Commission's recommendation was incorporated in regulations of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, issued under section 6 of the Federal Register Act (44 U.S.C. 1506), which may be found in Title 1, Part 10, of the Code of Federal Regulations. vii Preface A companion publication to the Public Papers series, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, was begun in 1965 to provide a broader range of Presidential materials on a more timely basis to meet the needs of the contemporary reader. Beginning with the administration of Jimmy Carter, the Public Papers series expanded its coverage to include all material as printed in the Weekly Compilation. That coverage provides a listing of the President's daily schedule and meetings, when announced, and other items of general interest issued by the White House Press Office. Also included are lists of the President's nominations submitted to the Senate, materials released by the Press Office which are not printed full-text in the book, and acts approved by the President. This information is compiled on a weekly basis and appears at the end of each week's coverage. Volumes covering the administrations of Presidents Hoover, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford are also available. This series is under the direction of John E. Byrne, Director, Office of the Federal Register, and is produced by the Presidential Documents and Legislative Division, Robert E. Lewis, Director. Editors of this book were Katherine A. Mellody, Brenda A. Robeson, and Kenneth R. Payne, assisted by D. Michael Smith. The index was prepared by Brian L. Hermes, assisted by Walter W. Rice. The frontispiece and photographs used in the portfolio were supplied by the White House Photo Office. The typography and design of the volume were developed by the United States Government Printing Office under the direction of Samuel L. Saylor, Acting Public Printer. ROBERT M. WARNER Archivist of the United States GERALD P. CARMEN Administrator of General Services May 1981 viii Contents PAGE FOREWORD............... PREFACE........................ vii PUBLIC PAPERS OF JIMMY CARTER, JANUARY 1-MAY 23, 1980..... 1 INDEX......................... A-1 ix Administration of Jimmy Carter 1980-81 .;uc — - I I ~I ~ -— r Week Ending Friday, January 4, 1980 Earth Day, 1980 Proclamation 4710. January 1, 1980 By the President of the United States of America - A Proclamation Ten years ago, the United States turned over a new-and greener-leaf. On the first day of the new decade, the National Environmental Policy Act became the law of the land. This law is one of our Nation's fundamental charters: it is a pledge from each generation to the next to protect and enhance the quality of the environment. Through the National Environmental Policy Act which created the Council on Environmental Quality, the Nation affirmed the fundamental importance of the environment to our well-being. Our environment shapes our lives in endless ways: it can be dangerous or it can be safe; it can produce a bounty to sustain us or it can be laid bare; it can frustrate our relationships with nature and with other people or it can provide opportunities for seeking peace and harmony. As the United States enjoyed the advanced technology, mobility, and material prosperity of the postwar period, we seemed to take for granted the resources on which our prosperity was built. By the beginning of the last decade, the damage to our environment had become a clear threat to the Nation's general welfare. Citizens and legislators alike awakened to the challenge. On April 22, 1970, not long after NEPA became law, the Nation experienced one of the most remarkable "happenings" of recent times. Millions of people across America celebrated the first Earth Day by participating in teach-ins, cleanups, bill signings, and scores of other activities to demonstrate their concern for the environment and to learn more about nature, ecology, and broader environmental concerns. Earth Day 1970 was a watershed in citizen understanding of environmental issues. In marking the anniversaries of the National Environmental Policy Act and of Earth Day, let us rededicate ourselves to our great goal-freeing the people of this earth from disease, pollution, and the spread of toxic chemicals; from the lack of basic necessities; and from the destruction of our common natural and cultural heritage. Let us rededicate ourselves to the creation and maintenance of safe and healthy surroundings, to the wise husbanding of the natural resources that are a pillar of our well-being, and to the protection of free-flowing streams, majestic mountain forests, and diverse cityscapes pulsing with life. We have now begun to make a serious investment in the quality of the environment at home and abroad. The earth is a fragile asset. The return on wise investments in our environment will be reaped not only by ourselves, but by generations 1 Jan. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 of our descendants. We must achieve another decade of environmental progress. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim Tuesday, April 22, 1980, as Earth Day. I call upon all citizens and government officials to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. I ask that special attention be given to community activities and educational efforts directed to protecting and enhancing our lifegiving environment. On this tenth anniversary, as we enter a second decade of environmental progress, I further urge all of the people of the United States to dedicate themselves anew to attaining the Nation's environmental goals, as expressed in the National Environmental Policy Act. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:06 a.m., January 2, 1980] NOTE: The text of the proclamation was released on January 2. American Porcelain-on-Steel Cookware Industry Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate Transmitting a Report. January 2, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) In accordance with section 203(b) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974, enclosed is a report to the Congress setting forth my determination that import relief for the U.S. porcelain-on-steel cookware industry in the form of increased tariffs is in the national economic interest, and explaining the reasons for my decision. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER IMPORT RELIEF ACTION PORCELAIN-ON-STEEL COOKWARE As required under section 203(b) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974, I am transmitting this report to Congress setting forth the actions I will take with respect to porcelain-on-steel cookware covered by the affirmative finding on November 5, 1979 of the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) under section 201 (d) (1) of the Trade Act. As my action differs from that recommended by the USITC, I have included the reasons for my decision. I have determined that imposition of increased tariffs for a four-year period on porcelain-on-steel cookware imports is in the national economic interest. These increased tariffs will apply to all U.S. imports of porcelain-on-steel cookware except teakettles and imports valued over $2.25 per pound. The additional duties will be 20, 20, 15 and 10 cents per pound, respectively, in the first, second, third, and fourth years of the relief period. I have decided to modify the USITC remedy by: (1) excluding teakettles; (2) reducing by one year the duration of import relief; and (3) imposing additional specific tariffs that are somewhat smaller than those recommended by the USITC. My decision to exclude teakettles is based on the fact that they are not produced 2 -- --- -~ -~ — ~ — Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 domestically in a wide range of shapes and styles. This four-year relief program should be sufficient to enable the sole remaining domestic producer of porcelain-on-steel cookware to adjust to import competition during the relief period. At the same time, the less-restrictive relief that I will proclaim will reduce the adverse effects of providing relief on U.S. consumers of porcelain-on-steel cookware and on our international economic interests. In conjunction with providing import relief, I have directed the U.S. Trade Representative to request that the USITC advise me of the probable economic effect on the domestic porcelainon-steel cookware industry of the termination of import relief after two years. This advice will include a review of the progress and specific efforts being made by the domestic producer of porcelain-onsteel cookware to adjust to import competition. The U.S. Trade Representative will also request, on my behalf, advice regarding termination of relief from the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor. This USITC, Commerce, and Labor advice is to be provided to me, through the U.S. Trade Representative, three months prior to the expiration of the second year of relief. It is my intention to continue relief for the entire four-year period if the domestic producer has begun to make reasonable progress toward adjustment to import competition during the first and second years of import relief and if a continuation of relief is necessary to further this adjustment process. NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. American Porcelain-on-Steel Cookware Industry Memorandum From the President. January 2, 1980 Memorandum for the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations Subject: Determination Under Section 202 (a) of the Trade Act; Porcelain-onSteel Cookware Pursuant to section 202(b) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-618, 88 Stat. 1978), I have determined the action I will take with respect to the report of the United States International Trade Commission (USITC), transmitted to me on November 5, 1979, concerning the results of its investigation of a petition for import relief filed by counsel for General Housewares Corporation on behalf of the domestic industry producing cooking ware of steel, enameled or glazed with vitreous glasses, provided for in item 653.97 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States. After considering all relevant aspects of the case, including those set forth in section 202(c) of the Trade Act of 1974, I have determined that provision of import relief in the form of increased tariffs for four years is in the national economic interest. These increased tariffs will apply to all U.S. imports of porcelain-on-steel cookware except teakettles and imports valued over $2.25 per pound. The additional duties will be 20, 20, 15 and 10 cents per pound, respectively, in the first, second, third, and fourth years of the relief period. I have decided to modify the USITC remedy by: (1) excluding teakettles; (2) reducing by one year the duration of import relief; and (3) imposing additional 3 Jan. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 specific tariffs that are somewhat smaller than those recommended by the USITC. My decision to exclude teakettles is based on the fact that they are not produced domestically in a wide range of shapes and styles. This four-year relief program should be sufficient to enable the sole remaining domestic producer of porcelain-on-steel cookware to adjust to import competition during the relief period. At the same time, the less-restrictive relief that I will proclaim will reduce the adverse effects of providing relief on U.S. consumers of porcelain-on-steel cookware and on our international economic interests. In conjunction with providing import relief, I hereby direct you to request that the USITC advise me of the probable economic effect on the domestic porcelainon-steel cookware industry of the termination of import relief after two years. This advice is to include a review of the progress and specific efforts being made by the domestic producer of porcelain-onsteel cookware to adjust to import competition. I also direct you to request, on my behalf, advice regarding termination of relief from the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor. This USITC, Commerce, and Labor advice is to be provided to me, through you, three months prior to the expiration of the second year of relief. It is my intention to continue relief for the entire four-year period if the domestic producer has begun to make reasonable progress toward adjustment to import competition during the first and second years of import relief and if a continuation of relief is necessary to further this adjustment process. As required by section 203(e) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974, these additional tariffs will be implemented by Presidential Proclamation no later than January 17, 1980, which is 15 days after this determination. This determination is to be published in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:11 a.m., January 2, 1980] Veto of Legislation Requiring a Study of Health Effects of Dioxin Exposure Message to the Senate Returning S. 2096 Without Approval. January 2, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I am returning without my approval S. 2096, a bill requiring the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to conduct a study of the long-term health effects in humans of exposure to a class of chemicals known as dioxins. I strongly support the effort to investigate the effects of dioxins. The exposure of individuals to these substances has been a matter of concern to this Administration and is the subject of a number of studies currently being carried out by several Federal agencies, including the Department of Defense, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Veterans Administration, and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. However, I cannot approve S. 2096 because it includes what I believe to be an unconstitutional requirement that the Secretary of HEW conduct a study only after the protocol for that study has been approved by the Director of the Office of Technology Assessment, 4 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 which is an office and an arm of the Congress. I have previously informed Congress of my view that legislative veto devices are unconstitutional intrusions into the day-to-day administration of the law by the Executive Branch. Congress is constitutionally empowered to direct Executive Branch decisions executing the law only by enacting legislation subject to the veto power of the President under Article I, section 7 of the Constitution. In my view, such legislative power may not constitutionally be delegated to committees of the Congress or to offices subordinate to committees of the Congress. I recently signed into law a bill (H.R. 3892, P.L. 96-151) containing a similar provision requiring the Veterans Administration to conduct a study-subject to the approval of the Office of Technology Assessment-of the effect of dioxins on Vietnam-era veterans. I approved P.L. 96-151 because it extended the appropriation authorizations for several veterans medical programs and because it included provisions affecting veterans medical care which had been the subject of lengthy discussions between the Administration and the Congress. I viewed the provision in that bill requiring approval of the study by the Office of Technology Assessment as being constitutionally defective, and I am instructing the VA Administrator not to treat that provision as legally binding. This Administration intends to continue its support of efforts to ascertain the health effects of dioxin exposure. Enactment of S. 2096 is unnecessary, since HEW is already planning to conduct the study called for by the bill under the authority of the Public Health Service Act. I am requesting Secretary Harris to move forward expeditiously on this study. In addition, my Assistant for Domestic Affairs and Policy recently ordered the establishment of an interagency work group to study the long-term health effects of exposure to this class of chemicals. I believe the studies currently being conducted will result in an improved and a more well-coordinated Federal response to whatever dangers these chemicals pose to the health of American citizens. JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 2, 1980. International Trade Functions Remarks on Signing Executive Order 12188. January 2, 1980 It's really gratifying for me to participate with you this afternoon in a historic moment, which I think bodes well for our Nation and its future. I'm particularly grateful that the distinguished Members of the Congress are here, because they've been an integral part of a team that has made this afternoon's ceremony possible. The top leaders of business, commerce, labor, State and local officials have all been intimately involved in the preparation of this occasion. One of the most important things that I have as a responsibility is to promote and to enhance and to strengthen and to regulate trade with foreign countries. This trade reorganization Executive order, which I will sign this afternoon, is the result of a tremendous amount of work. It's the 13th reorganization plan that my administration has presented to the Congress, and all 13 of them have been passed by the Congress-an unprecedented achievement. And I want to thank the Members who are here who've been responsible for it. 5 Jan. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 This has not been the case with previous administrations, by the way, when less than one-third of the reorganization plans proposed were passed. But we have consulted closely and cooperated without' exception, in every instance, for the enhancement of our Nation's future. I think it's true to say that in the last 3 years we've done as much or more to expand trade, for the benefit of both workers and those who produce goods for sale overseas, as has been done since the early sixties. We haven't had much publicity about it, but the enormous accomplishment of the multilateral trade negotiations was more far reaching than the Trade Act passed when President Kennedy was in office. It has escaped public notice to a major extent, but its beneficial effect on our country will be even more profound than was the case in the early 1960's. We've tried, in addition to enhancing American exports and regulating imports for the benefit of Americans, to reduce paperwork, to eliminate bureaucratic confusion, to have a clear delineation of responsibility, and to promote a constant consultation with the private sector of our free enterprise system that I think is unprecedented. We've been successful so far. Bob Strauss, as you know, was our Special Trade Representative, working with Al McDonald and others, and particularly with the Congress, in bringing to life a dead issue. When I first met with the other leaders of the Western democratic nations at the economic summit in London, and later in Bonn, my first 2 years in office, they all told me that the MTN, so-called, was dead, that it was too far gone to resurrect. But it was resurrected, and it became a fact, because of the good work of these men. Phil Klutznick has now agreed to serve as our Secretary of Commerce. Under this Executive order, the Secretary of Commerce will be responsible, uniquely and in an unprecedented way, for the promotion of exports and for ensuring that agreements on imports and the laws concerning imports will be enforced. Reubin Askew, our new Special Trade Representative, will have an additional responsibility above and beyond what was the case in the past: to advise closely with me and to coordinate the effort in the international trade arena. And I particularly want to thank Jim McIntyre, who has pulled together the diverse elements of our American society, in making possible this trade reorganization. I might point out that this effort and the success of it will make available additional markets for American products, to put American workers to higher and better employment. It will mean that we'll have an additional arena or area of trade with countries that have, in the past, not been our close trade partners. It will increase the quality of goods available to the American consumer, and it will increase competition, which the American free enterprise system is well able to accommodate. It will lower inflation, strengthen the dollar, improve employment, and also improve the quality of goods that consumers can purchase. I might say that we have, in addition, under reorganization plans, beneficially affected education, energy, civil rights, the civil service system, the dealing with emergencies, such as floods, tornadoes, and civil defense, foreign aid, and five or six other major areas of American life. I'm very deeply grateful for what has been accomplished with the help of the Congress. At this time I'd like to sign the Executive order, following which I'll ask Phil Klutznick, Reubin Askew, Jim McIntyre, Bob Strauss to say just a word. 6 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 And then I'd like to stand outside the door and shake hands with every one of you in this room, individually, and express my personal appreciation to you for what you've meant to me as President and what you've meant to our great country. Thank you very much. [At this point, the President signed the Executive order. After remarks by Secretary Klutznick, Ambassador Askew, Mr. McIntyre, and Mr. Strauss, the President resumed speaking as follows.] Now, the ones who are absolutely dedicated to making sure that this trade reorganization Executive order is carried out to the fullest possible benefit to our Nation-if you are committed to that proposition, I'd like for you to come by, shake my hand, and give me a personal pleasure. [Laughter] NOTE: The President spoke at 3:37 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. International Trade Functions Executive Order 12188. January 2, 1980 By the authority vested in me by the Trade Agreements Act of 1979, the Trade Act of 1974, the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, section 350 of the Tariff Act of 1930, Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979, and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1-101. The United States Trade Representative. (a) Except as may be otherwise expressly provided by law, the United States Trade Representative (hereinafter referred to as the "Trade Representative") shall be chief representative of the United States for: (1) all activities of, or under the auspices of, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; (2) discussions, meetings, and negotiations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development when trade or commodity issues are the primary issues under consideration; (3) negotiations in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other multilateral institutions when trade or commodity issues are the primary issues under consideration; (4) other bilateral or multilateral negotiations when trade, including East-West trade, or commodities is the primary issue under consideration; (5) negotiations under sections 704 and 734 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671c and 1673c); and (6) negotiations concerning direct investment incentives and disincentives and bilateral investment issues concerning barriers to investment. For purposes of this subsection, the term "negotiations" includes discussions and meetings with foreign governments and instrumentalities primarily concerning preparations for formal negotiations and policies regarding implementation of agreements resulting from such negotiations. (b) The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Trade Negotiating Committee, shall invite such members of the Trade Negotiating Committee and representatives of other departments or agencies as may be appropriate to participate in the negotiations and other activities listed in subsection (a). (c) The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Trade Negotiating Committee, may delegate to any member of the Trade Negotiating Committee, or to any other appropriate department or agency, primary responsibility for rep 7 5 Jan. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 resenting the United States in any of the negotiations and other activities set forth in subsection (a). (d) The Trade Representative, or any department or agency to which responsibility for representing the United States in a negotiation or other activity has been delegated pursuant to subsection (c), shall consult with the Trade Policy Committee and with any affected regulatory agencies on the policy issues arising in connection with the negotiations and other activities listed in subsection (a). SECTION 1-102. The Trade Policy Committee. (a) As provided by section 242 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1872), the Trade Policy Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Committee") is continued. The Committee shall have the functions specified by law or by the President, including those specified in section 1(b)(3) of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979. (b) The Committee shall be composed of the following: (1) The Trade Representative, who shall be Chair (2) The Secretary of Commerce, who shall be Vice Chair (3) The Secretary of State (4) The Secretary of the Treasury (5) The Secretary of Defense (6) The Attorney General (7) The Secretary of the Interior (8) The Secretary of Agriculture (9) The Secretary of Labor (10) The Secretary of Transportation (11) The Secretary of Energy (12) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget (13) The Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers (14) The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (15) The Director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency. The Chair and any member of the Committee may designate a subordinate officer whose status is not below that of an Assistant Secretary to serve in his stead when he is unable to attend any meetings of the Committee. The Chair may invite representatives from other agencies to attend the meetings of the Committee. (c) (1) There is established, as a subcommittee of the Committee, a Trade Negotiating Committee which shall advise the Trade Representative on the management of negotiations referred to in section 1-101 (a) of this order. The members of such subcommittee shall be the Trade Representative (Chair), the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor. (2) The Trade Representative, with the advice of the Committee, may create additional subcommittees thereof. (d) In advising the President on international trade and related matters, the Trade Representative shall take into account and reflect the views of the members of the Committee and of other interested agencies. SECTION 1-103. Delegation of Functions. (a) The function vested in the President by section 412(b) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2542 (b)) is delegated to the Secretary of Commerce with regard to the technical 8 iip ---- ii r I II III nr Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 office established under section 412 (a) (1) of such Act and to the Secretary of Agriculture with regard to the technical office established under section 412(a) (2) of such Act. In prescribing the functions of each technical office, the Secretary concerned shall consult with the Trade Representative and with all affected regulatory agencies. The functions delegated by this section shall be exercised in coordination with the Trade Representative. (b) The functions of the President under sections 2(b) and 303 of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2503 (b) and 2513) and section 701(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 (b)) are delegated to the Trade Representative, who shall exercise such authority with the advice of the Trade Policy Committee. SECTION 1-104. Authority Under the Foreign Service Act and Related Laws. (a) The Secretary of Commerce (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to establish a Foreign Commercial Service in the Department of Commerce, and a category of career officers of the Foreign Commercial Service to be known as Foreign Commercial Officers. For purposes of the utilization by the Secretary of the authorities granted to the Secretary under this section, the terms "Foreign Service" and "Foreign Service Officer" shall be construed to mean "Foreign Commercial Service" and "Foreign Commercial Officer", respectively. (b) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), and except with regard to career ministers and career ambassadors, the Secretary is authorized to exercise, with respect to Foreign Service commer cial officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers, Foreign Service staff officers and employees, and alien clerks and employees employed to perform the functions transferred under section 5(b) (1) of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), all authority available to the Secretary of State under the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) or under any other existing or future provision of law applicable to the Foreign Service of the United States; Foreign Service staff officers and employees, and alien clerks and employees. Such authority shall include, but not be limited to, the prescription of regulations incident to the exercise of such authority. (2) All provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended, or of any other existing or future law, that apply to Foreign Service officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers, Foreign Service staff officers and employees, or alien clerks and employees of the Department of State shall be applicable to Foreign Commercial officers, Foreign Service officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers, Foreign staff officers and employees, or alien clerks and employees of the Department of Commerce. (3) There are excluded from the authority granted to the Secretary by paragraph (1) the following powers now vested in or delegated to the Secretary of State: (A) to issue regulations pertaining to overseas differentials and allowances; (B) to administer the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System under title VIII of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1061 et seq.); and 9 Jan. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 (C) to commission or to recommend that the President commission Foreign Service officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers, and Foreign Service staff officers as diplomatic and consular officers under sections 512, 514, 524, and 533 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 907, 909, 924, and 938). (5) The Secretary is authorized to exercise, with regard to the functions transferred under section 5 (b) of the Plan, the authority of the Secretary of State under section 4 of the Act of May 26, 1949, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2658) to promulgate such rules and regulations as may be necessary to the performance of such functions. (c) The Board of the Foreign Service and the Board of Examiners for the Foreign Service established by Executive Order 11264 of December 31, 1965, as amended, shall exercise with respect to Foreign Service personnel of the Department of Commerce the functions delegated to them by that order with respect to Foreign Service personnel of the Department of State. The Boards shall perform such additional functions with respect to Foreign Service personnel of the Department of Commerce as the Secretary may from time to time delegate or otherwise assign, consistent with the functions of such boards. SECTION 1-105. Prior Executive Orders and Determination. (a) Section l(b) of Executive Order 11269 of February 14, 1966, as amended, is amended by adding "the United States Trade Representative," after "the Secretary of State,". (b) (1) Section 1 of Executive Order 11539 of June 30, 1970, is amended to read as follows: "Section 1. The United States Trade Representative, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of State, is authorized to negotiate bilateral agreements with representatives of governments of foreign countries limiting the export from the respective countries and the importation into the United States of( 1 ) fresh, chilled, or frozen cattle meat, (2) fresh, chilled, or frozen meat of goats and sheep (except lambs), and (3) prepared and preserved beef and veal (except sausage) if articles are prepared, whether fresh, chilled, or frozen, but not otherwise preserved, that are the products of such countries.". (2) Section 4 of such order is amended by striking out "the Secretary of State" and inserting in lieu thereof "the United States Trade Representative". (c) The last sentence of section 1 (a) of Executive Order 11651 of March 3, 1972, as amended, is amended to read as follows: "The United States Trade Representative, or his designee, also shall be a member of the Committee.". (d) The first sentence of section 3 of Executive Order 11703 of February 7, 1973, is amended to read as follows: "The Oil Policy Committee shall henceforth consist of the United States Trade Representative, chair, and the Secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, the Interior, Commerce and Energy, the Attorney General, and the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, as members.". (e) Sections 2(b) and 3 (a), the first sentence of section 3(c), and sections 3 (e), 3(f), and 6 of Executive Order 11846 of March 27, 1975, as amended, are revoked. (f)(1) Section 1(a)(5) of Executive Order 11858 of May 7, 1975, is amended 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 to read: "(5) The United States Trade Representative". (2) Section 1 (a) (6) of such order is amended to read: "(6) The Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers". (g) Executive Order 12096 of November 2, 1978, is revoked. (h) The last paragraph of the Presidential Determination Regarding the Acceptance and Application of Certain International Trade Agreements (dated December 14, 1979) (44 FR 74781, at 74784; December 18, 1979), delegating functions under section 2 (b) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 and section 701 (b) of the Tariff Act of 1930, is revoked. (i) Any reference to the Office of the Special. Representative for Trade Negotiations or to the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations in any Executive order, Proclamation, or other document shall be deemed to refer to the Office of the United States Trade Representative or to the United States Trade Representative, respectively. SECTION 1-106. Incidental Transfers and Reassignments. So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connection with functions transferred or reassigned by the provisions of this order as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine shall be transferred or reassigned for use in connection with such functions. SECTION 1-107. Effective Dates. (a) Sections 1, 2(a), 2(b)(2), 2(c), 2(d), 3, 4, 5(a), 5(b) (2), 5 (c) through (e), and 6 through 8 of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979, and the provisions of this order, shall take effect as of January 2, 1980. - (b) Section 5 (b) (1) of such plan shall take effect as of April 1, 1980. JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 2, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:59 a.m., January 3, 1980] American Hostages in Iran and Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Statement by the White House Press Secretary. January 2, 1980 The President met this afternoon with members of the National Security Council and other senior advisers to review the continuing crisis in Iran and to consider the serious threat to peace posed by the invasion of Afghanistan by armed forces of the Soviet Union. The President has recalled our Ambassador to the Soviet Union for consultations. Ambassador Watson will be arriving in Washington tomorrow. The Secretary of State reported to the National Security Council on a series of diplomatic exchanges which have taken place over the past several days. Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher reported on his recent conversations with representatives of Allied Nations. The President made a number of decisions this afternoon on actions to be taken in response to the Soviet invasion. These decisions involve unilateral actions 11 Jan. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and actions to be taken in conjunction with other nations. The President's decision will be made public when appropriate consultations and notification have taken place. The President has directed that this process be completed without delay. Thank you. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the statement at 5:04 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty Statement by the White House Press Secretary on the President's Request for a Delay in Senate Consideration of the Treaty. January 3, 1980 After consultation with the Senate leadership, the President has asked Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd to delay consideration of the SALT II treaty on the Senate floor. While the President continues to believe that ratification of SALT II is in the national security interest of the United States, he has concluded that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, in defiance of the United Nations Charter, has made consideration of the SALT II treaty inappropriate at this time. The President has asked that the delay continue while he and the Congress assess Soviet actions and intentions and devote their attention to legislative and other measures required to respond to the crisis created by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the statement to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty Letter to the Majority Leader of the Senate Requesting a Delay in Senate Consideration of the Treaty. January 3, 1980 Dear Senator Byrd: In light of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, I request that you delay consideration of the SALT II Treaty on the Senate floor. The purpose of this request is not to withdraw the Treaty from consideration, but to defer the debate so that the Congress and I as President can assess Soviet actions and intentions, and devote our primary attention to the legislative and other measures required to respond to this crisis. As you know, I continue to share your view that the SALT II Treaty is in the national security interest of the United States and the entire world, and that it should be taken up by the Senate as soon as these more urgent issues have been addressed. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER [The Honorable Robert Byrd, Majority Leader of the United States Senate, Washington, D.C.] Commissioner of Social Security Recess Appointment of William Joseph Driver. January 3, 1980 The President today announced the recess appointment of William Joseph Driver, of Falls Church, Va., as Commissioner of Social Security. He replaces Sanford Ross, resigned. Driver was with the Veterans Administration for 24 years and was president of the Manufacturing Chemists Association until his retirement in 1978. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 3 He was born May 9, 1918, in Rochester, N.Y. He received a B.B.A. from Niagara University in 1941 and an LL.B. (1952) and M.P.A. (1965) from George Washington University. He served in the U.S. Army from 1941 to 1945. Driver was with the Veterans Administration from 1945 to 1969, beginning as a management analyst and serving subsequently as Director of the Compensation and Pension Service, Chief Benefits Director, Deputy Administrator of Veterans Affairs; and, from 1964 to 1969, Administrator of Veterans Affairs. He was president of the Manufacturing Chemists Association from 1969 to 1978. Special Assistant to the President for Ethnic Affairs Appointment of Stephen R. Aiello. January 3, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Stephen R. Aiello, of Brooklyn, N.Y., as Special Assistant to the President for Ethnic Affairs. Aiello has been president of the New York City board of education since 1977. He was born October 14, 1942, in New York City. He received a B.A. in history from New York University in 1964, an M.A. in social studies from Columbia University in 1965, and a Ph. D. from Union Graduate School in 1979. From 1965 to 1971, Aiello taught in the New York City schools, at Abraham Lincoln High School, Franklin D. Roosevelt High School, and John Dewey High School, where he was also coordinator of student activities. From 1971 to 1974, he was special assistant to the president of the New York City board of education. He was a mem ber of the board of education from 1974 to 1977. Since 1975 he has been an adjunct assistant professor at Fordham University Graduate School's division of urban education, supervision, and administration. Aiello serves on the board of directors of the New York Urban Coalition and the Catholic Interracial Council. He has served as chairman of the Intergroup Educational Forum Brotherhood-in-Action program, as a consultant to WNET television's department of racial and ethnic affairs project, and as a member of the City Commission on Human Rights, Task Force on Ethnic and Racial Understanding and Cooperation. National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979 Remarks at the Bill Signing Ceremony. January 3, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Barry, you didn't come on the Metro, did you? [Laughter] REPRESENTATIVE SPELLMAN. We Marylanders did. REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. Mr. President, there's a fare card if you'd use it. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. When you come up for the State of the Union, could you do it then? THE PRESIDENT. I'm going to give it to Mayor Barry after a while, so he'll be here on-[laughter]. Thank you very much, Herb. This is a very good day, I believe, in the lives of the people who live in this entire Washington, D.C., region and also of those who work in the Federal Govern 13 Jan. 3 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ment, and I'm doubly grateful, as President, to be able to participate in this ceremony. House Bill 3951 will complete the financial commitment of the Federal Government to the completion of the Metrorail system. This is a project that was undertaken a long time ago, because the officials of the Washington area, the officials of the State of Virginia and the State of Maryland, Members of Congress, private and government employers and employees, and various interest groups all felt that, for a wide range of reasons, we needed to have a rail system of transportation in this area. The prospect of urban decay, the adverse impact on the quality of the air that we breathe, the. excessive compacting of traffic during rush. hours on our highways, the need to conserve energy, all were factors many years ago in the making of a final decision about the construction of this rapid transit rail system. This is a good result of close cooperation between government at various levels and the private sector of the American economy. I understand that now there are an average of about 300,000 passengers on the Metrorail system, and now with the opening of the Metro system on Saturdays and Sundays, this is very likely to increase. These are 300,000 people who would ordinarily have been using their automobiles, with a very heavy drain on the energy reserves of our country and with an adverse impact on the quality of our life. I've heard that one or two private employers are already subsidizing employees' use of the Metrorail system. This is a practice that I hope will grow in the future as it proves to be advantageous to us all. Now, of course, it's up to the local and State officials involved, most of whom are assembled around me in this room, to meet the requirements for additional funding that must be put forward for the operation and maintenance of the Metrorail system. The Federal obligation, as I say, will be fulfilled in the signing of this law. I might add that this is not the limit of our effort. We will continue to enhance the carpool and vanpool program, and as you know, we have made a decision on parking fees that will have some beneficial effect, I think, for. the Metrorail system, causing some inconvenience for those who have in the past overly used automobiles. My belief is, my conviction is that in the future every changing factor will make more valuable the Metrorail system that is in the process of being built. It would have been tragic to interrupt the completion of this system because of inadequate financing or inadequate commitment from the Federal, State, or local government agencies or governments. This is an important step forward. On a nationwide basis we are continuing the same policy to serve other communities. I have already asked the Congress for authorization and financing of $16.1 billion in increased funds for rapid transit, almost all of which will come out of the windfall profits tax when it's passed, I hope very early this year, by the Congress. So, we're working together as partners to save energy, to give us a better quality of life, to reduce air pollution, to prevent urban decay, and to improve the quality of the metropolitan area. And I'm very grateful to all those who are assembled around me who've played such an integral part in the evolution of this system. Thank you all very much. And now I'll be glad to sign the bill on behalf of us all. 14. Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 3 [At this point, the President signed the bill.] I hesitate to choose the people who will make a comment. REPRESENTATIVE SPELLMAN. I frankly think that Herb should- [group agreement]. THE PRESIDENT. Everybody-there seems to be an acclamation. REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. I did give you the fare card, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. It's the first bribe I've had this year. [Laughter] Thank you, Herb. Will you say a word? REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. Well, thank you very much. I speak for so many people that have worked for so many years to accomplish this. And so many of them know who they are-this obviously goes back for 20 years of effort, of community effort-those that broke the bottleneck in '71 and those that helped us move it along this year to share the completion of a system that can mean so much in transportation and in environment, but also in community, Mr. President. And I think Metro has brought us together, sometimes to get along and sometimes to fuss, but it's brought us together. And it has meant a great deal, I think, to all of us, to the community, and means a great deal to the future. I want to just make a special word. We wanted this bill passed this year. I do not think this bill would have been passed this year if it had not been for the work and the effort of this'administration and this President. They did it; they did it in a very real way. I'd like for all of us that have just a special thing with regard to Metro, with what it will bring to our community, to say in unison, "Thank you, Mr. President." THE GROUP. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Mac, would you like to say something? SENATOR MATHIAS. Well, thank you, Mr. President. I think Herb has expressed the appreciation that all of us have. We know that it's a tough time to allocate $1.7 billion to a project which affects one city. But we felt that it did affect more than one city, one community, that this is a symbol of what this Nation is doing to improve life in urban America, to meet the crisis in energy, and that we have wrapped up in the act, which you have completed today, a piece of legislation which is important to all Americans everywhere. And we appreciate your very prompt action in making it a law. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much, Mac. Paul? SENATOR SARBANES. Well, thank you, Mr. President. I want to pick up on one thing you said. This is for this metropolitan area, and it's an enormously important day for the people of the Washington metropolitan area. Metro, I think, is probably the single most significant project we have in this area, and we're very grateful to you and the administration for your support of this legislation, for pushing it through. But it ought not to stop here. And we want that windfall profits tax bill and the revenues that are in that legislation, which will help to make it possible to have comparable systems to Metro in other major metropolitan areas of the country. So, we see this as not the end of something, but the beginning of bringing mass transit across the country. We see the Secretary of Transportation here. We're very pleased that he's present. We assured our colleagues in the Senate, as a matter of fact, that this was not going to be the end, but the beginning, to try and solve their mass transit problems as well. 15 Jan. 3 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Paul. Gladys? REPRESENTATIVE SPELLMAN. Mr. President, today is really a dream come true. As I said to some of my colleagues, many people who go into the stations see just beautiful, beautiful stations representing Metro, but those of us who worked on it from its very inception see it in all of its components, every little thing that had to go into place. But the most remarkable thing of all was the fact we were able to get the States of Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia all working together in a compact and all working together for the common good. We were able to sublimate our own little special pet projects in order to work together, in order to make the whole system jell. And to have a President come in at this point who understands all that went on before and understands the need for making this project whole at a time when there was talk of truncating the system is, I think, the culminating aspect of it all. It's just a dream come true, and you've made that dream come true. We thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Knowing everything that had gone on before, it was not one of the most delightful experiences. [Laughter] I'm particularly glad that-Joe, would you say a word? And then I'm going to call on local Washington officials. Joe Fisher. REPRESENTATIVE FISHER. Thank you, Mr. President. This, of course, is a great day for more than 3 million people who live in this region and many, many more Americans who come here every year to visit. And I suppose the completion of this Metro, which you've now put on the track, is the biggest thing that can happen to this region since, well, since the Civil War, I guess; only this is a happy event, and that one wasn't. [Laughter] So, thank you very much, and all of us here are just delighted with the outcome. THE PRESIDENT. I thought you were going to say since the 1976 election. [Laughter] REPRESENTATIVE FISHER. That too; that too. THE PRESIDENT. Mike? REPRESENTATIVE BARNES. Thank you, Mr. President. I'm new to this. Unlike Gladys Spellman, I haven't been serving in public office for so many years. I came into this fight just a year ago when Herb called us together on the Hill, and it was a very depressing meeting. Really, I don't think anyone in that room, save perhaps Herb, thought that we were going to get this-[laughter]-thought that we were going to have this bill on your desk this soon. It was a remarkable victory, and what achieved it was the teamwork of Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia, committed to working together. And it was a very exciting thing for me in my first year in Congress to be a part of, and I am really honored to be here today to witness your signature on this bill. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. I'm going to ask the Mayor to wait until last and let him sum it up, because he's the guest of honor and the man of honor today. But I'm very particularly grateful to have Walter Washington here. He was the Mayor when a lot of this work was done. Walter, thank you for coming. MR. WASHINGTON. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. And Walter Fauntroy, would you say a word? I know how hard you've worked on this. You are welcome to come down if you like. DELEGATE FAUNTROY. No. I simply want to reiterate the words of Herb Harris in gratitude to you and the administration for having brought to fruition the dream 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 3 of the instructive example of what we have to do in our regions, working together, city and suburb together, black and white together, to fashion creative solutions to not only transportation problems but, as you pointed out in your statement, the problems of quality air and water. And for that we are eternally grateful to you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. Chuck Robb, would you say a word? LT. Gov. ROBB. Mr. President, I would just add our own congratulations to you and the administration and to Herb and to let you know that those of us who are going to be heading down to Richmond shortly know that we have our work cut out for us in terms of our component. [Laughter] I hope that this will add renewed enthusiasms to our efforts on behalf of this entire project in the General Assembly, which convenes next week. REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. GO and pass the bill. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. Mayor Barry, would you come on down, so the mikes can pick it up better? And I would like for you to-is there anyone else that has an uncontrollable urge to say a few words? [Laughter.] There are so many people here who have worked so hard on this project and who deserve recognition, and I know that they would all like to speak and add their congratulations to those who've been successful in it. But I'd like to close by asking Mayor Marion Barry to say a word representing this great city. MAYOR BARRY. Thank you, Mr. President. Let me say this is a great day for all of us in terms of Metro and transportation. And the District is totally committed. In fact, we have transferred over a billion dollars of our own highway trust moneys into this system. We're prepared to transfer another three or four hundred million dollars that's left over from our freeway system. That's how committed we are to this. Also, this project has enabled Herb Harris and myself to forget about our differences about the nonresident income tax-[laughter]. So now Herb can ride the Metro on over the Orange Line, and we can get back into our discussions about the nonresident income tax. REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. I heard you, Mayor. We forgot about that. [Laughter] MAYOR BARRY. But it's really been great-the region working together, the State of Maryland, the Congress, the Governors, the local representatives. And this is really an example of what we can do, working with the Federal sector, the private sector, the local governments to make this region a better place for all of us to live. So, I'm just delighted to be here. And I occasionally ride Metro myself, so that fare card was not new to me. So, Mr. President, thank you very much for your support and your help in making sure that we can complete our system. When businesses come here, they look at that as an example of what can happen. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, and congratulations. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:45 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. As enacted, H.R. 3951 is Public Law 96 -184, approved January 3. National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979 Statement on Signing H.R. 3951 Into Law. January 3, 1980 I am pleased to sign today H.R. 3951, the National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979. This act authorizes additional Federal funding to complete 17 Jan. 3 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 construction of the full 101-mile Washington metropolitan area rapid transit system. A condition of the authorization is that the local jurisdictions and the States of Maryland and Virginia provide a stable and reliable source of revenue to operate and maintain this regional transit system. With the Federal commitment clear, we look forward to swift action by the local jurisdictions and the States. The Metro system represents the decision of Washington area governments, the Federal Government, employees, employers, and other area residents to implement an energy-efficient, environmentally sound transportation policy. Already, the number of riders on Metro approaches 300,000 on an average weekday. The start of Saturday and Sunday service and the opening of new lines have brought more and more people to the system. Many of these trips would once have been made by car. I note with optimism the recent decision of one area employer to begin to subsidize employee use of Metro, just as many have for years subsidized private auto travel. This act, combined with the financing agreement signed by Transportation Secretary Goldschmidt and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority last September, gives us confidence that the facilities necessary to continue the move toward mass transit can be completed. I congratulate all those involved on the progress made so far and urge them to continue to work together to develop and implement the most efficient forms of urban transportation possible. We in the Federal Government are ready to help. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3951 is Public Law 96-184, approved January 3. Presidential Management Improvement Awards Memorandum From the President. January 4, 1980 Memorandum for the Heads of Departments and Agencies Subject: Presidential Recognition Program I am pleased to announce that ten individuals and one group have been selected to receive 1978 Presidential Management Improvement Awards. The names of the recipients are listed on the enclosure. Collectively, their achievements have saved the Government more than $50.5 million and have contributed significantly to advancements in science and technology, improving our national security, and providing better services to the public. The winners were selected from a field of some 2,900 outstanding candidates. Since this program began two years ago, more than 4,200 employees and military members have been recognized for contributions which have saved the Government more than $479 million. These gratifying results demonstrate my belief that Federal personnel are willing and able to contribute significantly to improving Government operations and services. Those serving in management positions can help provide the necessary motivation and incentive by listening to employee ideas and giving prompt recognition to exceptional performance. I urge each of you to use our various awards programs to bring out the best in those who serve with you. So that I can continue to add my personal congratulations and thanks, I ask that you continue to provide me with the names of persons within your organization who contribute significantly to increasing productivity, improving services, conserving energy and 18 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 4 other vital resources, eliminating paperwork, and developing and applying new and existing technology. JIMMY CARTER Presidential Management Improvement Awards Announcement of 11 Recipients of the 1978 Awards. January 4, 1980 The President today announced that 10 individuals and one group have been selected to receive 1978 Presidential Management Improvement Awards. The Presidential Management Improvement Awards were established to provide high-level honorary recognition to individuals, small working groups, or teams who have made contributions which represent exceptional management improvement. The recipients are: Harmon H. Adams, a social worker with the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Decatur, Ga., who proposed that patients in VA-contract nursing homes not be readmitted to VA hospitals for medical evaluation to determine whether they may enter the home-cure program. This eliminates the average 5 -day hospital stay, which has already saved $172,500, and speeds the return of patients to their home environment. James Campbell, an Army storage manager at Ft. Carson, Colo., who suggested changes in the way munitions were issued, used, and disposed of at Fort Carson, which have reduced the loss of ammunition, maximized its return to a useable state, and provided training to troops in all aspects of technical ammunition handling and use. The new procedures have already saved $3,261,000 and are expected to be implemented at many other installations, resulting in even more savings. TSgt Spencer T. Hayes, an electronics mechanic with the Alabama Air National Guard in Dothan, Ala., who, on his own initiative, developed and perfected a needed automatic radar tracking capability for the tactical air control system that enabled the Air Force to cancel a planned procurement program, a saving of $13 million. John W. Kiker, chief of the Mechanisms Branch, Spacecraft Design Division at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Tex., who, on his own initiative, developed a proposal and then convinced NASA authorities that a modified Boeing 747 could be used as a ferry aircraft and airborne launch platform for the Space Shuttle. This alternative to designing engines that could be used to test fly the 75-ton Space Shuttle Orbiter proved successful in 13 flights, which verified all spacecraft flight worthiness as well as crew procedures, saving $30 million. Helen A. Lewis and Patricia A. Martens, inventory management specialists for the Department of the Army in Warren, Mich., who suggested that M48A1 tanks to be shipped to the Republic of Korea be inspected in Barstow, Calif., since the terms of the agreement with Korea made it unnecessary to ship the tanks from Barstow to Anniston, Ala., for rebuilding, as was normally done. This resulted in a saving of $1,495,870 in transportation costs. Arthur E. Martin and Barnett W. McConnell, Chief and Deputy Chief of the Engineering Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery at the VA Medical Center in Nashville, Tenn., who suggested that heated or cooled air being exhausted be reused to warm or cool the new supply of air in the Nashville VA Medical Center. This concept has been approved as suitable for three additional VA medical centers. It has saved $484,000. Marion E. Meadows, veterinarian-incharge at the USDA Animal and Plant 19 Jan. 4 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Health Inspection Service in Mission, Tex., where he has run a program largely responsible for the successful eradication of screwworm infestations in the United States. Jeffrey L. Verburg, sonar technician first class with the Navy's Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Training Center in San Diego, who conceived and developed a tactical towed-array sensor (an anti-submarine sonar device) which provides the Navy Fleet with an anti-submarine warfare capability 7 years earlier than had been anticipated. Houston Employee Plans Group at the Internal Revenue Service in Houston, Tex., a group of 12 individuals who developed a procedure for handling inquiries under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act in a faster, more efficient manner that saved over $1 million annually and received favorable public reaction. Trade With Indonesia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Countries Forming the Cartegena Agreement Proclamation 4711. January 4, 1980 STAGED REDUCTION OF RATES OF DUTY ON CERTAIN PRODUCTS TO CARRY OUT TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH INDONESIA, TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO AND WITH THE COUNTRIES FORMING THE CARTEGENA AGREEMENT By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation 1. I have determined, pursuant to section 101(a) of the Trade Act of 1974 (the Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2111(a)), that certain existing duties of the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that one or more of the purposes of the Trade Act would be pro.noted by entering into the trade agreements identified in the third recital of this proclamation. 2. Sections 131(a), 132, and 133, 134, 135, and 161(b) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2151(a), 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155 and 2211 (b)) and section 4(c) of Executive Order No. 11846 of March 27, 1975, have been complied with. 3. Pursuant to Title I of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2111 et seq.), I have, through my duly empowered representative, entered into product-specific trade agreements with Indonesia, on November 29, 1979, with Trinidad and Tobago on December 19, 1979, and with the countries forming the Cartegena Agreement on December 14, 1979, pursuant to which United States rates of duty on certain products would be modified as hereinafter proclaimed and as provided for in the annexes to this proclamation, in exchange for certain measures which will benefit United States interests. 4. In order to implement the trade agreements referred to in the third recital of this proclamation it is necessary to modify the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202) as provided for in the annexes to this proclamation, attached hereto and made a part hereof. 5. Pursuant to section 855 (a) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 295), I have determined that, in the case of bitters containing spirits classified under item 168.12 of the TSUS, adequate reciprocal concessions have been received, under the trade agreement identified in the third recital of this proclamation 20 m Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 4 which was entered into under the Trade Act of 1974, with Trinidad and Tobago, for the application of the rate of duty appearing in rate column numbered 1 for such item on January 1, 1979, for the comparable item determined on a proof gallon basis. 6. Each modification of existing duty proclaimed herein which provides with respect to an article for a decrease in duty below the limitation specified in section 101(b) (i) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111 (b) (i)) is authorized by one or more of the following provisions or statutes: (a) Section 101(b) (2) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111 (b) (2)), by virtue of the fact that the rate of duty existing on January 1, 1975, applicable to the article was not more than 5 percent ad valorem (or ad valorem equivalent); (b) Section 109(b) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2119(b)), by virtue of the fact that I have determined, pursuant to that section, that the decrease authorized by that section will simplify the computation of the amount of duty imposed with respect to the article; and (c) Section 855 (a) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 295) by virtue of the authority in such section for specified concessions based on reciprocity. 7. Pursuant to the Trade Act, I determine that the modifications or continuances of existing duties hereinafter proclaimed are required or appropriate to carry out the trade agreements identified in the third recital of this proclamation. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY. CARTER, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes, including sections 101, 105, 109, and 604 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2111, 2115, 2119, and 2483), and Titles V and VIII of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 250) do proclaim, subject to any applicable provisions of the agreements identified in the third recital of this proclamation and of the United States law, that(1) The TSUS is modified as provided in Annexes I and II to this proclamation. (2) Each of the modifications to the TSUS made by this proclamation shall be effective as to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on and after January 1, 1980. (3) The rate of duty applicable to TSUS item 168.12 has been reduced under section 101 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111), as indicated in Annex II, from the rate of duty appearing in rate column numbered 1 on January 1, 1979, for the comparable item determined on a proof gallon basis. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:49 p.m., January 4, 1980] NOTE: The annexes to the proclamation are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of January 8, 1980. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Address to the Nation. January 4, 1980 I come to you this evening to discuss the extremely important and rapidly changing circumstances in Southwest Asia. I continue to share with all of you the sense of outrage and impatience because 21 Jan. 4 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 of the kidnaping of innocent American hostages and the holding of them by militant terrorists with the support and the approval of Iranian officials. Our purposes continue to be the protection of the longrange interests of our Nation and the safety of the American hostages. We are attempting to secure the release of the Americans through the International Court of Justice, through the United Nations, and through public and private diplomatic efforts. We are determined to achieve this goal. We hope to do so without bloodshed and without any further danger to the lives of our 50 fellow Americans. In these efforts, we continue to have the strong support of the world community. The unity and the common sense of the American people under such trying circumstances are essential to the success of our efforts. Recently, there has been another very serious development which threatens the maintenance of the peace in Southwest Asia. Massive Soviet military forces have invaded the small, nonaligned, sovereign nation of Afghanistan, which had hitherto not been an occupied satellite of the Soviet Union. Fifty thousand heavily armed Soviet troops have crossed the border and are now dispersed throughout Afghanistan, attempting to conquer the fiercely independent Muslim people of that country. The Soviets claim, falsely, that they were invited into Afghanistan to help protect that country from some unnamed outside threat. But the President, who had been the leader of Afghanistan before the Soviet invasion, was assassinated-along with several members of his family-after the Soviets gained control of the capital city of Kabul. Only several days later was the new puppet leader even brought into Afghanistan by the Soviets. This invasion is an extremely serious threat to peace because of the threat of further Soviet expansion into neighboring countries in Southwest Asia and also because such an aggressive military policy is unsettling to other peoples throughout the world. This is a callous violation of international law and the United Nations Charter. It is a deliberate effort of a powerful atheistic government to subjugate an independent Islamic people. We must recognize the strategic importance of Afghanistan to stability and peace. A Soviet-occupied Afghanistan threatens both Iran and Pakistan and is a steppingstone to possible control over much of the world's oil supplies. The United States wants all nations in the region to be free and to be independent. If the Soviets are encouraged in this invasion by eventual success, and if they maintain their dominance over Afghanistan and then extend their control to adjacent countries, the stable, strategic, and peaceful balance of the entire world will be changed. This would threaten the security of all nations including, of course, the United States, our allies, and our friends. Therefore, the world simply cannot stand by and permit the Soviet Union to commit this act with impunity. Fifty nations have petitioned the United Nations Security Council to condemn the Soviet Union and to demand the immediate withdrawal of all Soviet troops from Afghanistan. We realize. that under the United Nations Charter the Soviet Union and other permanent members may veto action of the Security Council. If the will of the Security Council should be thwarted in this manner, then immediate action would be appropriate in the General Assembly of the United Nations, where no Soviet veto exists. 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 4 In the meantime, neither the United States nor any other nation which is committed to world peace and stability can continue to do business as usual with the Soviet Union. I have already recalled the United States Ambassador from Moscow back to Washington. He's working with me and with my other senior advisers in an immediate and comprehensive evaluation of the whole range of our relations with the Soviet Union. The successful negotiation of the SALT II treaty has been a major goal and a major achievement of this administration, and we Americans, the people of the Soviet Union, and indeed the entire world will benefit from the successful control of strategic nuclear weapons through the implementation of this carefully negotiated treaty. However, because of the Soviet aggression, I have asked the United States Senate to defer further consideration of the SALT II treaty so that the Congress and I can assess Soviet actions and intentions and devote our primary attention to the legislative and other measures required to respond to this crisis. As circumstances change in the future, we will, of course, keep the ratification of SALT II under active review in consultation with the leaders of the Senate. The Soviets must understand our deep concern. We will delay opening of any new American or Soviet consular facilities, and most of the cultural and economic exchanges currently under consideration will be deferred. Trade with the Soviet Union will be severely restricted. I have decided to halt or to reduce exports to the Soviet Union in three areas that are particularly important to them. These new policies are being and will be coordinated with those of our allies. I've directed that no high technology or other strategic items will be licensed for sale to the Soviet Union until further notice, while we revise our licensing policy. Fishing privileges for the Soviet Union in United States waters will be severely curtailed. I The 17 million tons of grain ordered by the Soviet Union in excess of that amount which we are committed to sell will not be delivered. This grain was not intended for human consumption but was to be used for building up Soviet livestock herds. I am determined to minimize any adverse impact on the American farmer from this action. The undelivered grain will be removed from the market through storage and price support programs and through purchases at market prices. We will also increase amounts of grain devoted to the alleviation of hunger in poor countries, and we'll have a massive increase of the use of grain for gasohol production here at home. After consultation with other principal grain-exporting nations, I am confident that they will not replace these quantities of grain by additional shipments on their part to the Soviet Union. These actions will require some sacrifice on the part of all Americans, but there is absolutely no doubt that these actions are in the interest of world peace and in the interest of the security of our own Nation, and they are also compatible with actions being taken by our own major trading partners and others who share our deep concern about this new Soviet threat to world stability. Although the United States would prefer not to withdraw from the Olympic games scheduled in Moscow this summer, the Soviet Union must realize that its continued aggressive actions will endanger both the participation of athletes and the 23 Jan. 4 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 travel to Moscow by spectators who would normally wish to attend the Olympic games. Along with other countries, we will provide military equipment, food, and other assistance to help Pakistan defend its independence and its national security against the seriously increased threat it now faces from the north. The United States also stands ready to help other nations in the region in similar ways. Neither our allies nor our potential adversaries should have the slightest doubt about our willingness, our determination, and our capacity to take the measures I have outlined tonight. I have consulted with leaders of the Congress, and I am confident they will support legislation that may be required to carry out these measures. History teaches, perhaps, very few clear lessons. But surely one such lesson learned by the world at great cost is that aggression, unopposed, becomes a contagious disease. The response of the international community to the Soviet attempt to crush Afghanistan must match the gravity of the Soviet action. With the support of the American people and working with other nations, we will deter aggression, we will protect our Nation's security, and we will preserve the peace. The United States will meet its responsibilities. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 9 p.m. from the Oval Office at the White House. His remarks were broadcast live on radio and television. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. January 2 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, R. Robert Russell, Director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Frank C. Carlucci, Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski. January 3 The President met at tile White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Representative William S. Moorhead of Pennsylvania; -Mr. McIntyre. The White House announced that at the invitation of the President, Italian Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga will make an official visit to Washington January 24-25. The two Allied leaders will review a full range of major international issues. They will also discuss U.S. relations with the European Community, of which Italy currently holds the Presidency. 24 lllsPP~I~ — -- I I urr Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The President announced the recess appointments of six persons. They are: -William J. Beckham, Jr., as Deputy Secretary of Transportation, who was nominated for this position on October 26, 1979; -Thomas K. Berg, as United States Attorney for the District of Minnesota, who was nominated for this position on December 20, 1979; -William J. Driver, as Commissioner of Social Security; -Ralph Earle II, as Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; -George M. Seignious, as a member of the General Advisory Committee of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; -William Lee Smith, as Commissioner of Education, who was nominated for this position on December 20, 1979. The President announced the appointment of Charles D. Ravenel, of Charleston, S.C., as Associate Deputy Secretary of Commerce, a new position. The President transmitted to the Congress the report on the Middle Distillate Situation During the Winter of 1979 -1980. January 4 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Jordan; -Mr. Moore; -U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union Thomas J. Watson, Jr., and Secretary Vance. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David, Md. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE No nominations were submitted to the Senate during the period covered by this issue. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released January 2, 1980 News conference: on reorganization of international trade functions-by Deputy Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges, Jr., Deputy United States Trade Representative Robert Hormats, and W. Harrison Wellford, Executive Associate Director for Reorganization and Management, Office of Management and Budget Fact sheet: reorganization of international trade functions Released January 3, 1980 Announcement: appointment of Charles D. Ravenel as Associate Deputy Secretary of Commerce News conference: on the President's general revenue sharing reauthorization proposalby James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Jack H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs Fact sheet: general revenue sharing reauthorization proposal Released January 4, 1980 Announcement: the President's address to the Nation on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan-by White House Press Secretary Jody Powell Advance text: address to the Nation on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 25 d~g~~ - - - - Po- l Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved January 2, 1980 H.R. 3091 --- —-------- Public Law 96-178 An act to extend for one year the provisions of law relating to the business expenses of State legislators. H.R. 2584 --- —------- Public Law 96-179 An act to amend the provisions of chapters 83 and 89 of title 5, United States Code, which relate to survivor benefits for certain dependent children, and for other purposes. S. 440 --- —----------- Public Law 96-180 Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1979. S. 525 --- —----------- Public Law 96-181 Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Amendments of 1979. ACTS APPROVED-Continued Approved January 2-Continued H.R. 2043 --- —------- Public Law 96-182 An act to amend the Water Bank Act for the purposes of authorizing the Secretary of Agriculture to adjust payment rates with respect to initial conservation agreements and to designate certain areas as wetlands, and for other purposes. H.J. Res. 467 ----------- Public Law 96-183 A joint resolution making an urgent appropriation for administrative expenses of the Chrysler Corporation loan guarantee program, and to provide financial assistance to the Chrysler Corporation for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980. Approved January 3, 1980 H.R. 3951 --- —------- Public Law 96-184 National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979. 26 Week Ending Friday, January 11, 1980 Meeting With United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim Statement by the White House Press Secretary. January 6, 1980 The President met with SecretaryGeneral Waldheim for 2 hours this evening in the Oval Office. The SecretaryGeneral reviewed in detail his recent trip to Tehran, including his extensive conversations with the Revolutionary Council, the Iranian Foreign Minister, and other Iranian officials. The President expressed appreciation for the Secretary-General's efforts to bring about a peaceful resolution of the crisis and admiration for his personal courage. The President expressed regret that the Secretary-General was not permitted to see any of the Americans being held illegally at our Embassy and that the Secretary-General did not see the Ayatollah Khomeini. The President expressed appreciation for the Secretary-General's expression, on behalf of the international community, of concern for the safety and welfare of the Americans held in Tehran. The President reiterated the position of the United States that the United Nations should begin without delay the process of implementing the United Nations Security Council resolution of December 31. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the statement at 8:30 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 Remarks on Signing H.R. 5860 Into Law. January 7, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. This legislation, the Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979, is extremely important not only for Chrysler and its employees, its dealers, its suppliers, not only important for Detroit but for all the people of our country and, I think, almost every State in our Nation, in fact, almost every community. This is legislation which has been passed after very careful consideration, but with extreme speed. It shows in vivid terms that when our Nation does have a genuine pressing economic problem, that my own administration and the Congress can act expeditiously. We had a lot of good help in the Congress. It would be a mistake for me to try to name all those who were directly involved. Congressman Blanchard, Congressman Moorhead, the Speaker, and many others in the House, Senators Riegle, Levin, Senator Tom Eagleton-who particularly wanted to be here, but has to be in London today-Majority Leader Byrd, and others have been extremely helpful in the Congress. In addition, of course, the Chrysler officials, officials of the UAW, Lane Kirkland, representing AFL-CIO, Mayor Coleman Young from Detroit have met here at the White House on several occasions to try to hammer out the terms, of this legislation, working very closely with Secretary of Treasury Bill Miller. 27 Jan. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 This legislation does not violate the principle of letting a competitive free enterprise system in our country function on its own, because Chrysler is unique in its present circumstances. It has the most diversified work force of any corporation in America. Its suppliers and its dealers and its manufacturing plants touch almost every major community in our country. It's important to have Chrysler preserved as a viable, competitive entity, not only to protect jobs involved but to protect the competitive nature of the American automobile manufacturing industry in its competition with foreign suppliers and in the provision of good products at a competitive price for the American consumer. This legislation will permit the Federal Government to guarantee $1 2 billion in loans to Chrysler from private sources, provided an additional $2 billion in commitments or concessions can be arranged by Chrysler for the financing of its operations. This has to be an entire package. This legislation is only the beginning. The loan guarantees will not be made by the Federal Government unless the other contributions or concessions are given to Chrysler by its own owners, stockholders, administrators, employees, dealers, suppliers, foreign and domestic financial institutions, and by State and local governments. It's got to be a package deal, and everyone understands this. And because they have already probed for the best possible interrelationship to form a team to protect Chrysler's viability, I believe there's a good chance that this package will be put together. With this legislation, 200,000 American jobs can be preserved, in manufacturing, in suppliers to Chrysler, and through the sale of Chrysler products. I'm very grateful for the help that all those assembled here and many others have given in the preparation of this legislation. And following my own comments, I would like to have the representatives of Chrysler Corporation, Doug Fraser, representing the UAW, and maybe one or two Members of the Congress to add a word to what I've said. It's an honor for me, and a pleasure as President, to take this action, which I think is in the best interest of our country. [At this point, the President signed the bill.] Very good. MR. FRASER. Thank you. I might say that last Friday that we closed what we called the Dodge Main Plant in the city of Detroit. They ran off the last car there. And in over a span of 65 years, we produced over 39 million cars in that plant. And I think this legislation will, perhaps, minimize the possibility of that ever happening again, because it's a traumatic experience for the workers who worked in that plant. Last Saturday evening, we concluded the renegotiation of our contract with the Chrysler Corporation, and that renegotiating resulted in the Chrysler workers, who belong to the UAW, giving up $246 million in wages and fringe benefits over the term of the contract. And that, added to the concessions we made originally, that results in each Chrysler worker giving up, in 3 years, $4,500 each that they will receive below that which is received by their counterparts in GM or Ford. I would hope now that the other groups that have a responsibility under this legislation would step forward. I want to thank, in behalf of the Chrysler workers and the communities in which they live, the President of the United States. I don't think this legislation would have been possible without his assistance. I want to thank the Members of Con 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 7 gress and particularly Senator Riegle and Congressman Brodhead, who gave leadership in this legislative effort. And finally, I want to thank the other groups who were of great assistance and particularly the AFL-CIO. THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Iacocca. MR. IACOCCA. Well, thank you very much. I want to echo what Doug said. I want to start off by thanking the President of the United States and Vice President Mondale and the whole Congress for not only putting what I think is a-it's a tough package, but it's a very fair package, together for us. And I say it in behalf, really, of 2 million people-I think I've heard from most of them-2 million people in the Chrysler family. Really, about 600,000 jobs have been preserved. I think the greatest thing it's done for all of us-we start a new Chrysler Corporation today-is that from the day the legislation was passed, that's about December 21, why, the consumers of this country accepted it as a vote of confidence, because we had one of our biggest 10-day sales periods in history. And we're back to almost our 10 percent of the market, which is an important part of this package. I'd be remiss if I didn't thank the UAW, who, through all of this, were most cooperative. And speaking as an executive of a company, why, a concession of $462.5 million is very difficult for the workers to accept in these days of roaring inflation. But they've contributed; they've come to the party. I'm hopeful, as the President just outlined, that this is an integrated package, a complete package. And the hard part starts now, because we have to come up with $2 billion. But with this vote of confidence, I'm extremely confident that we're going to put this package together. We're not only going to save the 600,000 jobs; hopefully, we're going to add to them in the next couple of years. And I'm grateful to everyone concerned with this-the leadership on the part of Mr. Blanchard and Mr. Moorhead and Senators Riegle and Levin and many, many others, too numerous to mention. This is just a great day for a lot of people who work very hard in Detroit. And we're going to make the most of it, and we're going to merit the confidence of everybody in this room, given about 6 months, a year of hard work. Thank you very much. THE PRESIDENT. Congressman Blanchard. REPRESENTATIVE BLANCHARD. Thank you, Mr. President. We, all of us from Michigan, because this issue was survival for us, want to thank you and your administration. In particular, from the Congress, I think all of us from Michigan, who pulled very hard together as a disciplined unit on this measure, owe a great debt of gratitude to people who do not live in Michigan or represent the State of Michigan: on my right, Congressman William Moorhead, Congressman Stewart McKinney of Connecticut, the Speaker of the House, Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., and the majority leader of the House of Representatives. Members of Congress from throughout the country went to bat to meet a very critical economic problem, which the President has outlined. We, all of us from Michigan, are grateful. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Congressman Moorhead, would you like to say just a word? REPRESENTATIVE MOORHEAD. Mr. President, I think this signing of this legislation shows that government, labor, and industry can work together. And I think that this is probably more important than 29 Jan. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the legislation itself, although Doug Fraser and Lee Iacocca might not agree with it. But I think we've got to realize that we're competing with our friends, and not so much friends abroad, and we ought to be working together as Americans. And I think this legislation that you signed is a sample of that. And as you know, Mr. President, it's so tough that no other corporation is going to come back to us very willingly. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. Don. SENATOR RIEGLE. Thank you, Mr. President. On the Senate side of the Congress, and speaking in behalf of my colleagues, I want to also thank you, Mr. President, for your leadership and your willingness to support what clearly was difficult legislation at this time, but vitally important legislation to the country. And I think the willingness of this administration-yourself, those who serve with you, Secretary Miller, his staff, and others-to put this legislation forward, to give us a chance to take it forward in the Congress, is something that all of us here deeply appreciate. In the Senate, apart from Senator Byrd, our majority leader, who was critical to this issue, and on both sides of the aisleSenator Levin from Michigan and Senator Lugar from Indiana and Senator Bayh from Indiana, Senator Eagleton, many others-the effort to work this legislation through the process, when we were coming down to the last hours of this Congress, was really a remarkable piece of work by all the folks in this room and many others in both the House and the Senate. And finally, I want to say, both for Michigan and for the country, that those of us who represent areas where major Chrysler facilities and job concentrations are found, that we appreciate, more than we can say in words, the vote of confidence and the chance that the rest of the country, the President, and the other Members of Congress from around the United States have given us. And speaking in behalf of our State, we intend to meet our half of that responsibility and respond to this challenge, and that means that workers and managers and all the other parties of interest are going to have to make superhuman efforts to see that we take this opportunity and make it work. We intend to do that, and we will do that. We're just deeply grateful for this opportunity to have this chance. It's an opportunity, in turn, to do something good for the country. We've got plenty of problems these days, but this is a chance to make our country stronger, and I'm confident we will. Thank you very much. SENATOR LEVIN. Perhaps I can just add a personal note, Mr. President. The passing of this bill not only shows great leadership on your part but it also shows great courage. We know that this bill was not popular in many parts of the country. It was right for the whole country because of what would have happened to the Treasury had Chrysler fallen. But it did take great courage as well as leadership on your part, because it did lack great popularity in many parts of the country. I want to thank you, on behalf of everybody that Don and I represent as well as on behalf of others who are represented here today and not represented here today, for that courage and for that leadership. THE PRESIDENT. I might point out that I represent Michigan, too. [Laughter] I might point out very quickly that this was a joint commitment by both Demo 30 - I ~PI Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 7 crats and Republicans. And I would like to call on Stewart and also Senator Lugar to say a word. REPRESENTATIVE MCKINNEY. Well, Mr. President, I'd like to thank you, too. I think there were days when we felt that we'd never make it. We did make it, and I think it shows that we can work together when the country is faced with a crisis that has to be resolved. And though there were doubters and people who would not support us, I think the end vote showed that we realized what was at stake-our competitive situation; the entire economy of this country; but far more important, I think, all of the people that we would have hurt, up and down the United States, had we not passed this legislation. And I appreciate every bit of your help. Thank you very much. SENATOR LUGAR. Mr. President, I appreciate this opportunity simply to say, I think this was very humane and compassionate legislation. It was important for the country. We appreciate your leadership and those who were involved, especially, I think, from the United Auto Workers, because their sacrifice has been enormous. I go along with the thought that that sacrifice needs to be met by the banking community, by those in the investment community of America, and I'm certain we're all hopeful that the inspiration of this signing will push that along. Thank you, sir. THE PRESIDENT. As we go to the bankers now for their portion, I'm glad we have something to loan in addition to compassion. [Laughter] I might say that this legislation is in the best interest of our country, not just because of the jobs saved but because of the potential adverse effect on the Federal budget itself if Chrysler should cease its operations, not only with the rapidly increasing unemployment rate but also with the substantial payments that would have been required by the Federal Government in the guarantees of pension funds, in unemployment compensation and welfare payments that might have resulted. So, in my judgment it is a good investment for the Federal Government as well as for Chrysler, its employees, its dealers, its suppliers, and the communities involved. I'm very grateful that this spirit of teamwork has been exemplified. Bill Miller represented our administration and held the whole package together. And I particularly want to express my thanks to him, because he's a tough, competent businessman and a good representative of the interests of the American taxpayers as Secretary of the Treasury. This is, as Bill has pointed out earlier, tough legislation. It's not the kind of legislation that other companies would rush forward and ask to be passed for them. It protects the interests of the American taxpayer. It also protects the soundness of the American free enterprise system. And the nature of the entire package is still a very difficult challenge for us all. I believe if we can see the same kind of cooperation and teamwork, however, in the next few weeks as we have seen in the past few weeks, we'll be successful in saving Chrysler and benefiting our great Nation at the same time. Thank you very much. I only have two regrets, I might say. One is that Coleman Young, the mayor of Detroit, is not here, because he really worked hard on this legislation, and the second regret is that we could not have 31 Jan. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 had this signing ceremony in Detroit. It would have been good. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 1:32 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Douglas Fraser is president of the United Auto Workers, and Lee Iacocca is chairman of the Chrysler Corporation. As enacted, H.R. 5860 is Public Law 96-185, approved January 7. Shipments of Agricultural Commodities to the Soviet Union Memorandums From the President. January 7, 1980 Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce I hereby direct that you, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture and other appropriate officials, take immediate action under the Export Administration Act to terminate shipments of agricultural commodities and products, including wheat and corn, to the Soviet Union. Export licenses should be granted, however, to the extent necessary to permit shipments to continue up to the 8,000,000 metric tons of wheat and corn per year covered by Article 1 of the 1975 Agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union on the Supply of Grain. I am taking this action in the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States. I have determined in accordance with the Export Administration Act that the absence of controls would be detrimental to those interests and that alternative courses of action would not comparably advance them. JIMMY CARTER Memorandum for the Secretary of Agriculture I have today directed the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with you and other appropriate officials, to take immediate action under the Export Administration Act to terminate shipments of agricultural commodities and products, including wheat and corn, to the Soviet Union. The Secretary of Commerce shall, however, grant export licenses to the extent necessary to permit shipments to continue up to the 8,000,000 metric tons of wheat and corn per year covered by Article I of the 1975 Agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union on the Supply of Grain. I am taking this action in the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States. I hereby direct that you take the necessary actions, through commodity purchases, and through the price support and grain reserve programs, to protect America's farmers from the impact of this unanticipated action. These steps are designed to remove supplies from the market in order to assure that price levels will not be unduly affected. JIMMY CARTER Panama Canal Appointments and Nominations to the Panama Canal Commission Supervisory Board, the Panama Canal Consultative Committee, and the Panama Canal Joint Commission on the Environment. January 7,1980 PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION SUPERVISORY BOARD The President today announced his intention to appoint the five U.S. and four Panamanian members of the Panama Canal Commission Supervisory Board. The five American members, who will be nominated for confirmation by the Senate, are: 32 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 7 Michael Blumenfeld, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works. Blumenfeld, 45, was previously Deputy Under Secretary of the Army. He has been Assistant Secretary since May 1977 and oversaw the operations of the Canal Zone Government and the Panama Canal Company. He also served on the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal Company and was Chairman of the Canal Zone Civilian Personnel Policy Coordinating Board. In his capacity as Assistant Secretary, Blumenfeld also oversees the water resources development program of the Army Corps of Engineers. John A. Bushnell, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. Bushnell, 46, has been a Foreign Service officer since 1959 and has been posted in several Latin American countries. He has served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Developing Nations Finance. He has been in his present position since 1978. J. W. Clark, president of Clark Maritime Associates, a New Orleans shipping firm, and a retired captain in the U.S. Merchant Marine. Clark, 60, graduated from the Merchant Marine Academy in 1940. He received his first command in 1943 and saw wartime service. From 1959 to 1979, he was president of Delta Line and director of the company. He resigned from the Merchant Marine in 1979. Clark is a member of the board of commissioners of the Port of New Orleans and served as chairman of the Committee of American Steamship Lines. He was president of the New Orleans International Trade Mart for 5 years and coordinated the development of the new International Trade Complex for New Orleans. Clifford B. O'Hara, director of port commerce for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. O'Hara, 62, was chief of the Port Commerce Division from 1953 to 1962 and has been director of port commerce since 1962. He is president of the American Association of Port Authorities, former president of the North Atlantic Ports Association, and serves on the New York Chamber of Commerce and Industry's World Trade Committee and Harbor and Shipping Committee. William Sidell, general president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. Sidell, 64, has held this office since 1972. He is a member of the executive council of the AFL-CIO and chairman of its housing and urban development committee. He also serves as a member of the executive council of the Maritime Trades Department and the executive council of the Building and Construction Trades Department. The four Panamanian members who will be appointed are: EDWIN FABREGA VELARDE, director general of Panama's Institute for Water Resources and Electrification; ROBERT HUERTEMATTE ESPINOSA, a prominent Panamanian businessman who has served as Ambassador to the United States and to the Organization of American States; GABRIEL LEWIS GALINDO, currently Ambassador at Large, formerly Panama's Ambassador to the United States; RICARDO A. RODRIGUEZ, an attorney who has held several positions in the Government of Panama. PANAMA CANAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE The President also today announced the appointment of three members of the Panama Canal Consultative Committee and three members of the Panama Canal Joint Commission on the Environment. The three persons who will serve on the Panama Canal Consultative Committee are: Lt. Gen. Welborn G. Dolvin, a retired U.S. Army officer who has served as the Defense Department representative for Panama Canal Treaty Affairs since 1978. 33 Jan. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Beginning in October 1975, he served as deputy negotiator and the Defense Department representative in the negotiation of the Panama Canal treaties of 1977. He retired from the Army in March 1975, after 36 years of service. Ambler H. Moss, Jr., Ambassador to Panama since 1978. Moss served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations in 1977 and 1978 and was Department of State coordinator for the ratification of the Panama Canal treaties. Previously, he participated in the treaty negotiations for the United States. Moss has served on the U.S. Delegation to the Organization of American States and in other positions as a Foreign Service officer. David H. Popper, special representative of the Secretary of State for Panama Treaty Affairs, with the rank of Ambassador. Popper has been with the State Department since 1945 as a specialist in international organization affairs and has served as Ambassador to Chile and Cyprus and Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. PANAMA CANAL JOINT COMMISSION ON THE ENVIRONMET The three persons who will serve on the Panama Canal Joint Commission on the Environment are: Robert O. Blake, a retired Foreign Service officer who has been active in environmental activities since his retirement in 1977. Blake is a Director of the Natural Resources Defense Council and a senior fellow of the International Institute for Environment and Development. During the Senate debate on the Panama Canal treaties and congressional enactment of implementing legislation, Blake was chairman of the Panama Canal Environmental Task Force, a coalition of environmental groups which supported the treaties. His Foreign Service assignments included Deputy Chief of Mission in Paris, Ambassador to Mali, and senior advisor to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Charles R. Ford, executive assistant and staff director to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Ford has been in this position since 1978 and was previously Deputy, then Acting Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works, the office whose responsibilities included environmental matters and the operation of the Panama Canal. William A. Hayne, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. Hayne has headed the U.S. delegations to numerous international conferences on environmental matters. Hayne has been a Foreign Service officer since 1954 and has served in economic positions in Lima, Paris, and Mexico City and on detail to the Council on Environmental Quality. Interview With the President Excerpts From a Question-and-Answer Session With John Chancellor of NBC News. January 7, 1980 AID TO PAKISTAN MR. CHANCELLOR. Well, specifically, sir, I was wondering about aid, military aid, to Pakistan. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. This is a commitment that I am ready to make. We have already assured President Zia, who's the leader of Pakistan, directly with a telephone communication from me the day, very shortly after the invasion, and since then through emissaries, that we're willing to join other nations in giving 34 - I I I I II-, I sr Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 7 necessary protection to Pakistan and meet their legitimate defensive military needs. This is not a threat to India, an adjacent country, but it's an ability for Pakistan to repel invasion if it should occur and particularly to let Pakistan be known as a strong nation able to protect themselves, so that a possible invasion will be prevented. MR. CHANCELLOR. Have there been any specific communications within the last 48 hours on this between yourself and General Zia or the two governments involved? THE PRESIDENT. Through diplomatic emissaries, yes; not directly between me and Zia. MR. CHANCELLOR. Are you able to expand on that, Mr. President, about the amount of aid or how it would be delivered or what it would be? THE PRESIDENT. No. There are three factors that have to be considered. One is the degree to which other nations will join in with us in providing economic and military aid; secondly, the amount of aid and the specific form of it that the Pakistanis would like to have; and thirdly, of course, I'll have to go to the Congress to get authorization to provide the American portion of the aid that's decided to be given to Pakistan. MR. CHANCELLOR. Can you tell us what other countries might also be supplying aid to Pakistan? THE PRESIDENT. I think it would be better to let them speak for themselves. MR. CHANCELLOR. Would they be Western, industrialized countries? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, mostly, and also some of the Mideast countries perhaps, who have the wealth and the ability to help to finance part of the aid. MR. CHANCELLOR. So you're really putting together a package of aid for Pakistan. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Some people call it a consortium. I don't want to predict at this point what other nations might do, because the evolution of this so-called consortium is still in the embryonic stage, but we want to accommodate Pakistan's needs. And obviously, with our complete absence, some of the regional countries are obviously consulting with one another and will help themselves individually. FOREIGN MILITARY FACILITIES MR. CHANCELLOR. Somalia, Oman, and Kenya have offered us the use of naval and air facilities. Will the United States accept any of those offers? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we're considering the use of some of those facilities. We don't have any definite agreement yet, but that's the kind of thing that I think is important to our Nation to prepare for the long-range meeting of any threat to the peace in the Mideast-Persian Gulfnorthern Indian Ocean area. SOVIET UNION MR. CHANCELLOR. Mr. President, as a journalist it sometimes seems to me as though the Soviet Union, which will become a net importer of petroleum during the 1980's, is really going for the Persian Gulf. They're trying to control that part of the world. Is that your view? THE PRESIDENT. I think that's one of the factors that we believe is extant. No one can know what the Soviets' plans might be, but I think we've got to be prepared for that eventuality, and the best way to prepare for it is to prevent its occurrence. The arousing of world opinion to recognize the threat that the Soviets project to that area of the world is an important first step, particularly the marshaling of common condemnation of the Soviets for what they've already done. 35 Jan. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The strengthening of countries in the area that might be threatened, so that they can repel any potential invasion, is another very important element. And I think the third thing is to make sure that our own country realizes that we've got a longrange commitment to be made and that the responsibility and the sacrifice economically to prepare for it must be shared by all of us. One of the important elements involved in the question you asked is the Soviets' need to produce more of their oil and gas. High technology is an element of that. And the punitive aspects of a partial trade embargo against the Soviet Union for those very valuable items is a cautionary message to the Soviet Union that I think they are perfectly able to read and must read. SITUATION IN IRAN MR. CHANCELLOR. Could I ask you about Iran, sir, and where we stand now in terms of the hostages? THE PRESIDENT. We've always had a few basic principles to guide me since I've been involved in meeting this absolutely illegal and abhorrent act. One is to protect the long-range interests of our country; secondly, to protect the lives and the well-being of the hostages; third, to seek their release; fourth, to avoid bloodshed if possible, but still to protect our interests if necessary; and lastly, to make sure that a strong majority of the nations of the world understand that Iran is a criminal actor in this process and that we are the aggrieved party, and to keep world support for our position. We've had four votes in the United Nations Security Council. We've not had a negative vote yet; we've only had four abstentions. When we took our case to the International Court of Justice, the vote was 15 to nothing in favor of our position. And I think that Iran must realizethere are some responsible people in Iran-and the world must realize that Iran is at this moment involved in a criminal act, a terrorist act. And it's not a matter of negotiating on a diplomatic basis between two nations. This is a matter of condemning Iran for international terrorism and for kidnaping. And I think those purposes that I've described are and will be our basic principles until those hostages are home safe. MR. CHANCELLOR. If some Americans are put on trial in "show trials," what would your reaction be to that? THE PRESIDENT. I would rather not give specifics, but we are prepared to take action that would be quite serious in its consequences for Iran. MR. CHANCELLOR. And I can't draw any further details on that out of you today, sir? THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't think it would be good to go into details. NOTE: The interview began at 4:10 p.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. NBC News broadcast portions of the interview during the week. Floodplain Management Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate Transmitting a Report. January 8, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) I have the pleasure to transmit and commend to the Congress "A Unified National Program for Floodplain Management." This report, prepared by the Water Resources Council, sets forth a program for managing the Nation's floodplains. The need for a comprehensive and 36 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 8 coordinated management program is underscored by recent disastrous floods and the continued degradation of wetlands and other valuable floodplain environments. I support the approach set out in the conceptual framework and the recommended Federal and State actions and I am confident that Federal, State and local governments working together within this framework can ensure the wise use and management of the Nation's floodplains. I am asking the Council to make the report available to all levels of government and to the public at large. By Executive Order, I have already directed the agencies of the Executive Branch to take action to implement the Federal role in a unified program for floodplain management. As the program develops, I will make further recommendations for Federal action to help State and local governments carry out their key roles. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. Committee for Purchase From the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped Appointment of Three Members. January 8, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of three persons as members of the Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped. They are: BRIG. GEN. JOSEPH H. CONNOLLY, Director of Contracting and Acquisition Policy in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Research, Development and Acquisition, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.; GERALD M. FARKAS, Regional Director of the U.S. Bureau of Prisons for the Northeast Region; BRIG. GEN. FRANCIS J. TONER, Director of Transportation, Energy and Troop Support in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C. Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979 Statement on Signing H.R. 5010 Into Law. January 8, 1980 I have today signed H.R. 5010, the Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979. This measure significantly improves the Federal Election Campaign Act by eliminating Burdensome regulation of candidates and political committees and by increasing the opportunity for grassroots political participation. I supported proposals contained in this legislation in the message I sent to Congress on March 22, 1977, and our electoral process will benefit greatly from the important reforms this bill contains. Congressmen Frank Thompson, Jr., and Bill Frenzel and Senators Claiborne Pell and Mark O. Hatfield are to be congratulated on their outstanding leadership in helping pass it. Despite the major improvements this measure will bring to the law which governs Federal elections, there are some serious problems with this bill. H.R. 5010 would reduce patronage abuse protection of Federal employees with respect to State and local campaigns, although it would continue to provide full protection for Federal campaigns. Even more disturbing is the severe infringement of Federal employees' first amendment rights that is caused by.section 201 (a) (4) of H.R. 5010. Under pres 37 Jan. 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ent law a person in Government service is permitted to make voluntary campaign contributions to the authorized campaign committee of any candidate for elective office in the Federal system. This is a protected freedom that all citizens enjoy, and it is of vital importance. Section 201 (a) (4) would restrict that right significantly by undermining the ability of persons in Federal service to make even totally voluntary contributions to the campaigns of their employing authority. This is an unacceptable and unwise intrusion upon their rights under the first amendment, and the Attorney General has advised me that it raises grave constitutional concerns. To the extent that section 201 (a) (4) prohibits the solicitation of Government employees by or on behalf of other Federal officials, including their "employing authority," this is already prohibited by existing law, and section 201 (a) (4) is unnecessary. It should therefore be promptly repealed or amended so as to remove its chilling effect on the rights of citizens to make voluntary contributions to the candidates of their choice. I am pleased that Congressmen Thompson and Frenzel and Senators Pell and Hatfield have pledged to work toward this end in letters they sent me today. I urge Congress to act with dispatch so that the first amendment rights of Federal employees are not unduly jeopardized. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 5010 is Public Law 96-187, approved January 8. Situation in Iran and Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Remarks at a White House Briefing for Members of Congress. January 8, 1980 Well, first of all let me say that I'm very glad to have such an extraordinary turnout tonight. When I was talking to the Speaker a few minutes ago, somebody said that this may be the Members of Congress who couldn't go home to their district-[laughter]-because of unpopularity or either the Defense Department has run out of airplanes-one or the other. [Laughter] Tonight I'd like to take a few minutes to explain to you two basic and serious problems that we've now been addressing, one of them since the 4th of November, the other one, just Christmas Eve. I don't recall in history a time, at least in modern history, when our Nation was at peace that it was so deeply concerned as it has been the last 2 months since American hostages were kidnaped in our own Embassy in Tehran on November 4. I need not go into the details on that incident, because you're thoroughly familiar with it. But I will outline very quickly the basic principles that have guided me the last 2 months, and then at the end of my brief comments, I'll be glad to have questions from any of you. This has not been a good 2 months. It's been a time of strain and trial. It's been a time of intimate negotiations with many foreign leaders, trying to accomplish the basic goals that we have followed since the beginning of this confrontation with the terrorists or kidnapers in Tehran. Our first commitment has been to protect the interests of our Nation, the longrun, long-range interests; secondly, to do what we can to ensure the lives and the safety of the American hostages, our 50 fellow countrymen; third, to secure through diplomatic means, using every possible channel, their release-unharmed, if God be willing; fourth, to avoid bloodshed, which would very likely lead to the death of our hostages; and fifth and most difficult, to maintain support for the American position by the vast majority of nations on Earth. This has not been an 38 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 8 easy last task, because historically in the United Nations and other international fora, our country has not been a favorite, because we are powerful and a super power and because there is jealousy and animosity at times and distrust toward us. We've now had four votes in the Security Council, as you know. We've not yet experienced a negative vote. On the last vote to set a deadline for the imposition of sanctions and to call for the SecretaryGeneral's trip to Iran, there were four abstentions-the Soviet Union and their puppet, Czechoslovakia, and two small Moslem nations, Bangladesh and Kuwait. The other 11 nations voted to send the Secretary-General to Iran for a last effort to negotiate the release of the hostages, at the end of which time the Security Council would come back and take action on possible economic sanctions. In the International Court of Justice, the vote was 15 to 0, unanimous vote. So far then, we have accomplished all the goals that we set for ourselves except the release of the hostages, and we are still exploring every possible avenue for that release. The most difficult part of the Iranian question is that there's no government entity with whom we can communicate or negotiate or register a complaint or a request. When the Secretary-General went over to Iran, he came back and reported the same thing that we had already known, and that is that the most powerful single political entity in Iran consists of the international terrorists or the kidnapers who are holding our hostages. Whenever there has been a showdown concerning the hostages between Khomeini or the Revolutionary Council versus the terrorists, the terrorists have always prevailed. We don't know what will happen in the future, but I think you possibly recognize that this small group of people-who may originally have comprised some students, but who are not students and should not be referred to as students-have achieved, with the holding of American hostages, a great and significant political influence in Iran. They don't necessarily have as one of their prime interests the integrity of Iran as a nation or the well-being of the Iranian people or even the security of the country within which they live. And so there is no legitimate political bargaining leverage that can be exerted on them, and there is no entity there with whom one can negotiate. They know that the consequences to Iran will be quite severe if our hostages are injured or killed, and I think only the presence of a very strong military force in the Arabian Sea has deterred them so far from taking action that would have been even more abhorrent to the rest of the world. That problem persists. It's an everpresent consideration of mine and yours. And I'm determined that this country will not forget for a moment those hostages. And the last hostage there is just as important to me as the first one. Our country is remarkably unified. I've had strong support, which I deeply appreciate, and the American people have been surprisingly patient, which, as you know, is not a characteristic of Americans. But I think most people who've studied the situation, who've looked at the map, who've seen where the Embassy is located within Tehran, can see that a strike force or a military action that might be oriented toward the release of the hostages would almost certainly end in failure and almost certainly end in the death of the hostages. They are being held in small groups, two or perhaps three in a group, with heavily armed militants constantly guarding them and the hostages constantly being tied, with their hands bound at all times. 39 Jan. 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 We'll continue to persist. Our next step will be in the United Nations to have sanctions imposed against Iran. I cannot predict to you that the imposition of those sanctions, if we get the nine requisite votes, will cause an early release of the hostages. We pray that something will happen and that eventually Iran will recognize that the threat to them is not from the United States, but even more vividly from the Soviet Union, who have, on Christmas Eve, invaded Afghanistan. In my own opinion, shared by many of the world's leaders with whom I have discussed this matter, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is the greatest threat to peace since the Second World War. It's a sharp escalation in the aggressive history of the Soviet Union. Obviously, we all were shocked and deplored publicly and officially the Soviet action in Hungary and then later, in 1968, in Czechoslovakia. Those were two countries which, since the Second World War, were basically subservient to the Soviet Union; they were not independent nations in control of their own affairs. There was an uprising, as you know, and the Soviets brutally stamped the uprising out within those two countries. This, however, was a sovereign nation, a nonaligned nation, a deeply religious nation, and the Soviets invaded it brutally. We were informed, other leaders throughout the world were informed, by Soviet Ambassadors and direct messages from Moscow, that the Soviets went into the nation to protect it from some third force that might be threatening Afghanistan. When questioned about where was the third threatening force from, the Soviets have never been able to give a reasonable answer. They claim that they were invited in by the Government to protect Afghanistan. As you know, the leader of Afghanistan, President Amin, who was supposed to have invited them in, was immediately assassinated as soon as the Soviets obtained control over Kabul, the capital city, and several of the members of the President's family were also killed. We are the other super power on Earth, and it became my responsibility, representing our great Nation, to take action that would prevent the Soviets from this invasion with impunity. The Soviets had to suffer the consequences. In my judgment our own Nation's security was directly threatened. There is no doubt that the Soviets' move into Afghanistan, if done without adverse consequences, would have resulted in the temptation to move again and again until they reached warm water ports or until they acquired control over a major portion of the world's oil supplies. I talked to the President of Pakistan immediately after this Afghanistan invasion and also talked to many other of the world's leaders and sent them direct messages. The action that we could take was confined to three opportunities. One is to take military action, which I did not consider appropriate. Our country has no desire, nor could we have effectively implemented military action, to drive the Soviet forces from Afghanistan-which left me with two other options, which I chose to exercise. One is political action, and the other one is economic action. Politically, we joined with 50 other nations to take to the Security Council two propositions: one, to condemn the Soviet Union for the invasion and therefore the threat to world peace; and secondly, to call upon the Soviets to withdraw their troops. The vote was cast after the debates were concluded. The only nations voting against these two propositions were East Germany-again, a Soviet puppet nation-and the Soviets themselves. The permanent members, as you know, have a veto right. And now a move is underway, 40 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 8 which I think will be realized, to take this case to the General Assembly for further condemnation of the Soviet Union. It's difficult to understand why the Soviets took this action. I think they probably underestimated the adverse reaction from around the world. I've talked to many other leaders, our allies and those representing nations that might be further threatened, and they all believe that we took the right action. It was not done for political reasons; it was not done to implement some foreign policy. It was done in the interest of our national security. We did take economic action, which I think was properly balanced. It was carefully considered. We will try to impose this action on the Soviet Union in a way that will have a minimal adverse effect on our own country, where the sacrifices will be shared as equitably as you and I together can possibly devise, and at the same time let the Soviets realize the consequences of their invasion. We will not permit the Soviets to fish in American waters within 200 miles of our land area. They have a very large fishing fleet, involving hundreds of thousands of tons of fish harvested. They will not have those permits renewed. We will not send high technology equipment to the Soviet Union or any equipment that might have a security benefit to the Soviet Union. This will include drilling equipment, for instance, used for the exploration and production of oil and natural gas. We will restrict severely normal commerce with the Soviet Union, which is highly advantageous to them. And of course, I have interrupted the delivery of grain, which the Soviets had ordered, above and beyond the 8 million tons which our Nation is bound by a 5-year agreement to have delivered to the Soviet Union. We have taken steps to make sure that the farmers are protected from the adverse consequences of this interruption of grain shipments to a maximum degree possible. It will be a costly proposition. I understood this when I took the action. And my estimate is, based on a fairly thorough, but somewhat rapid analysis, that this year the extra cost to purchase this grain and to change the price levels of corn and wheat and to pay the extra storage charges will amount to about $2 billion. That's in fiscal year 1980. In fiscal year 1981 there will be an additional cost of about $800 million. It may be that as the season progresses and we have more experience in substituting for the Soviet Union as the purchaser of this grain, that there will be an additional 2 or 3 hundred million dollars spent in 1980. If this should take place, then that would reduce by the same amount, roughly, expenditures in 1981 fiscal year. So, the total cost will be in the neighborhood of $2.8 billion. This cost will not fall on the farmers except to the extent that they are taxpayers like every other American. This will be shared by all those in this country who pay taxes to the Federal Government. This grain will not be permitted to go back on the market in such a way as to depress agricultural prices. And in a few minutes I'll let one of the representatives here of the Agriculture Department, Jim Williams, outline to you the details. And I have a sheet prepared, for handing out to all of you-the exact loan prices for wheat and corn and the other prices for the redemption of corn and wheat from storage. The last point I want to make is this: It's very important that we understand that our allies are working very closely with us. I talked to several of them before we took this action. All of them agreed that it should be taken. We've got the maximum practical assurance from them 41 Jan. 8 Jan. 8Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980 that they will not substitute their sale of goods, including grain, for our own. There are three major nations that ordinarily have grain to export-Argentina, Canada, and Australia. Argentina does not have adequate grain to make any significant difference. I talked to President Giscard d'Estaing today, who represents West Europe. They do have substantial quantities of grain ordinarily on hand, particularly barley. They will not substitute their grain for ours that's being withheld from the Soviet Union. We anticipate that this withholding of grain to the Soviet Union will not force them to withdraw their troops from Afghanistan. We understood this from the beginning. We don't think that economic pressure or even condemnation by the United Nations of the Soviet Union will cause them to withdraw their troops. But we hope that we have laid down a marker and let them know that they will indeed suffer, now and in the future, from this unwarranted invasion of a formerly independent, nonaligned country. I need the support of the American people. I believe that it's a matter of patriotism, and I believe that it's a matter of protecting our Nation's security. I anticipate that we'll get good response from the Congress in the minimal legislation that might be required to carry out these programs. Almost all of it can be done by administrative action under the rights given by the Congress, through legislation, to the Secretary of Agriculture and to me. There are just a couple of other things that perhaps should be mentioned, but I think I'll wait on them till a little later. We want to pursue a long-range analysis and a schedule of actions to strengthen American interests and presence and influence in this troubled area of the world, in Southwest Asia. You know about some of these from news reports that have already been issued. And we will take action, with the Congress help, to strengthen Pakistan. Our desire is to do this through a consortium of nations; that's also the desire of Pakistan. I talked since lunch with President Zia of that country. I've talked to him before about this matter. And other nations in the region who might be threatened by the Soviets, from Afghanistan, will also know that we and many other nations on Earth are committed to their adequate defense capability, so that the Soviets will be discouraged from further expansionism in the area. Because of the Iranian question, we have greatly built up our naval forces in the northern China Sea or in the Arabian Sea. Those will be maintained at a higher level than they have been in the past. And as you know, there has been a marshaling of worldwide public opinion, not only in the condemnation of the Iranian terrorists who hold our hostages but also against the Soviet Union for their unprecedented invasion of Afghanistan in this recent few weeks. I don't have a written text, but those are some of the things that I wanted to describe to you. And I think it might be good to have questions from this group now. Perhaps some of the-a few members of the press have been in. Perhaps we could discuss the matter more thoroughly and we could get into some sensitive areas after the press has departed. NOTE: The President spoke at 7:02 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. 42 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 9 Exports of High Technology and Other Strategic Items to the Soviet Union Memorandums From the President. January 8, 1980 Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce Subject: Policy on Technology Transfers to the USSR I direct that you, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and other appropriate officials, review and revise our policy with respect to the export of high technology and other strategic items to the Soviet Union. Pending review, no validated export licenses for shipment of goods or technical data to the Soviet Union are to be approved. This review is to reassess what exports will make a significant contribution to the military potential of the Soviet Union and therefore prove detrimental to the security of the United States in light of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. In addition, I direct that you immediately review those transactions for which validated licenses have already been issued but export has not occurred to determine whether any such licenses should be suspended or revoked in light of the changed national security circumstances. Finally, I direct that you, in consultation with the Secretary of State and other appropriate officials, determine whether certain transactions now under general license requirements should be subject to validated license requirements. JIMMY CARTER Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense Subject: Policy on Technology Transfers to the USSR I have directed the Secretary of Commerce to review and revise our policy with respect to the export of high technology and other strategic items to the Soviet Union. This review is to reassess what exports will make a significant contribution to the military potential of the Soviet Union and therefore prove detrimental to the security of the United States in light of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Our COCOM partners should be consulted on this review, which will reexamine precedents established in the past for COCOM exceptions, in order to secure their cooperation. These consultations should make clear that the basis for review and revision is the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan which has changed the nature of the potential danger to our common military security. JIMMY CARTER NOTE: The memorandums were announced on January 9. Department of Commerce Remarks at the Swearing In of Philip M. Klutznick as Secretary and Luther H. Hodges, Jr., as Deputy Secretary. January 9, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. I don't believe anyone is in this room who doesn't recognize the strength of our Nation in every possible measurement and also recognize that human freedom is the root of our strength. Since the original days of our country's foundation, innovation, competence, cooperation, competition have been the motivating forces which have let human expression be realized in social and economic and political advancement. 43 Jan. 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Obviously, a free political system is important, but a free and competitive economic structure is also an integral part of our society and also equally important. Our free enterprise system works. In its multitude of facets, it comprises a mechanism by which we can have a better life than the one we inherited from our parents, and we can leave the prospects for realization of a better life for our children and our grandchildren. Our Commerce Department is the epitome of Government interrelationship with the free enterprise system. It's been designed carefully not to interfere, but to cooperate with the free enterprise system of our country, not to take advantage of other aspects of society, but to strengthen other elements of America and let other elements' strength be realized. It's important to realize that we are changing very rapidly. I believe that there is a general consensus among American leaders that the Federal Government role should be minimal in its impact upon human life and business life of our Nation; designed to sustain, to encourage the elements of freedom, not to interfere with those vital aspects of innovation and human right to make one's own decision. We've moved to minimize Government regulation, to simplify Government procedures, to increase consultation with the private sector of our Nation, to deal with deprivation and discrimination through the private business system, to get sound advice and counsel and constructive criticism from the leaders of our business community. As we've done these kinds of things, I believe that in the last 3 years the Commerce Department has been greatly strengthened. And those of you who've studied the organizational charts of our Federal Government know that the breadth of responsibilities for a Secretary of Commerce is indeed very wide. We've made some progress. We still have a long way to go in equity of opportunity and in the mutual sharing of the benefits of our great country. I'm very proud this afternoon to participate in the swearing-in ceremony of two fine men, who will be leading a restructured and strengthened Department of Commerce. Phil Klutznick has a distinguished record of public service well known to many of you. He has served our Nation under six different Presidents, a man who's still young in every measurement of human life, still innovative, still dynamic, still aggressive, still filled with the wonder of life, still determined to stretch his mind and his heart to encompass new friends, new ideas, new knowledge of God's world. He's been well known for his own business accomplishments. He's also been especially well known for sharing those accomplishments and his experience and his abilities for the benefit of others. Benevolence, unselfishness, altruism, is an integral part of his life. Not only in business and commerce and government but also in his deep religious conviction has he been able to exemplify these admirable characteristics. He knows business from top to bottom, or I should say bottom to top. He was born in a room above his family's store. He now lives in a penthouse-[laughter]above the headquarters for a giant business complex. And I think we should be careful about making fun of one's dwelling-[laughter]-because I have no apol 44 W Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 9 ogies to make for the quality of my own quarters here. [Laughter] But we are indeed grateful that Phil Klutznick would accept my request to serve as the Secretary of Commerce. It's a sacrifice on his part, but it's a sacrifice typical of him and a sacrifice from which every American will benefit. And now we will have Abner Mikva, a distinguished judge in the Circuit Court of Appeals, administer the oath of office to Phil Klutznick, following which Phil will say a few words to the group. [At this point, Judge Mikva administered the oath of office.] SECRETARY KLUTZNICK. Thank you very much. Mr. President, I hope these people feel the same after I have issued a few orders. Mr. President, I want to thank you for the many nice and extravagant things you have said about me and the height to which I have risen, to the 72d floor of the Water Tower. I want to thank you for the confidence that you've imposed in me. I am reminded, and in a sense your life reminds me, of a saying from among the sages that man is born anew each day, and except for the timespan I feel that I get reborn each day since I came to Washington. There's another observation that you've made that I must translate into words, I believe, of the essayist Emerson, when he said that you can have eternal youth or repose. You can't have them both. Now, since I've been in Washington, it's quite clear I will not have repose. So, I am grateful to you, sir, that I have eternal youth. [Laughter] I should like to make, if you will forgive me, Mr. President, a couple of observations that are not altogether in keeping with the injunction that I've heard, that you must not praise or utter all of the praise of a man in his presence. But since I've been here unofficially, I've had the privilege of living through two critical situations, and I hope they end soon, under your leadership. And I believe it's time that some of us repeat and repeat again that a President of the United States who says publicly and has said privately that to him, among the 50 hostages that are in Iran, the life and good health of the last is as important as the first and who recognizes, in his foreign policy and in his leadership of this country, the sanctity of life deserves not only the applause of the Nation but deserves to be honored by those of us who work under his leadership. Secondly, Mr. President, I know I'm supposed to speak briefly, but I get very few opportunities to speak when you're around. [Laughter] Some of us have had a lack of repose the last few days. The decisions that have been made under your leadership are painful and excruciating to a man of peace, and yet you've elected to use every arm of peace in what is one of the greatest challenges to our country since World War II. The firmness of your position, your selection of the options, I am sure, will make my children and grandchildren, who are here, proud of the pages of history that will accord you what you're entitled to-the accolade of leadership that is not bellicose, that is firm, that understands its way, and that seeks to preserve the important, but fragile fabric of peace in the world. I hope, Mr. President, that we in the Department of Commerce will be able to demonstrate our ability in the very treacherous economic waters through which we pass with the same sense of devotion to duty, the same commitment to achieve 45 Jan. 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ment, the same quiet determination that will bring to reality your enunciated doctrine that government and the private sector owe it to each other to work in commonality and to the best of our respective abilities to correct the creaks and the pains of our economy which inevitably appear now and then. I thank you, sir. I'm grateful for this opportunity. THE PRESIDENT. I pointed out that Secretary Klutznick was experienced, competent, dedicated, benevolent, altruistic. I forgot to mention that he's also prolific. [Laughter] And I would like to ask all of Phil's family to stand. Would everybody in here who's related to Phil stand, please? Well, he's got a great' family, and I think this bodes well for our country, because the stability and the interrelationship among family members is one of the best experiences and teachers of a person who serves in public office. It also provides a proper degree of modesty when one has to deal with family problems as well as those in government. [Laughter] Speaking of family, our Deputy Secretary of Commerce is a son of a former distinguished Secretary of Commerce, Luther Hodges. Luther is a young man whose record of public service and whose insight into the banking and business community of our Nation is indeed a great asset, which has been extremely helpful to me, the former Secretary of Commerce, Juanita Kreps, and to our entire country. Luther is a progressive business leader in the finest sense of the word. He's from North Carolina, as you know. When I was considering asking Luther to come to Washington and work with me, I called several people in the Southeast to ask them if he would be a good person to bring. Several of the ones whom I called were his banking competitors, and they said, "Mr. President, the best thing you could do for us"-[laughter]-"is to get Luther Hodges out of the banking business in the Southeast." He is an intense, but quiet competitor, successful in every sense of the word. And his success in the banking business is because he understands people, and he understands the needs of our country, and he knows how to match what can be accomplished by leadership with the needs that he has identified through his own personal sensitivity. He's an expert on productivity; on enhancing employment; on the development of communities, both rural and urban communities; on manpower training; on regional development; on the proper interrelationship under our system of federalism, so that there can be a sharing of responsibility, not only between the free enterprise system and government but between or among local, State, and Federal Government leaders with private citizens of our country. He's extremely interested in alleviating the remaining vestiges of racial discrimination, and he has worked in a yeoman's way to provide opportunities for those who, for too long in our country, have suffered because of the lack of equal opportunity in the greatest nation on Earth. I'm very grateful for Luther and for Phil. They will make a good team to serve you and to work with me. As a matter of fact, all of us in this room and all Amer 46 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 9 icans are partners in making our country even greater than it is. We do face difficult challenges; we can overcome them. We face difficult problems; we can solve them. We face difficult questions, and we can answer them. And I'm very glad that we have Secretary of Commerce Klutznick and Deputy Secretary Luther Hodges, Jr., to work with me. And now Justice Branch, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, will administer the oath of office to Luther Hodges, Jr., the first Deputy Secretary of Commerce in our Nation's history. [At this point, Chief Justice Branch administered the oath of office.] DEPUTY SECRETARY HODGES. Thank you. Mr. President, Mr. Vice President, it's an honor to serve you, and I thank you, Mr. President, for your very kind words. Mr. Klutznick, it's a privilege to serve with you and our very able and professional associates at the Department of Commerce, and I look forward to a very long and lasting relationship. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for being here. Governor Harriman, I must say that Secretary Klutznick enjoys your portrait in his office. And I have the portrait of another Mr. Hodges in my office. And it is truly inspiring and motivating and it's an honor to have you here, sir, along with so many distinguished people and so many very close and wonderful friends. I thank you. The Department of Commerce has a great deal to accomplish and to contribute. I happen to repeatedly have said that the issues of the day are economic, and if that is the case, then the Department of Com merce should indeed be the focal point for Government programs to strengthen our economy. Especially in the area of international trade, Mr. President, which you had the foresight to address in your administration, the Department of Commerce has been reorganized and enhanced, and we have much to do. But I can't say that we should be talking about exporting and international trade if we don't also or first rebuild our economy domestically, make our economy more productive and more competitive. We cannot export if we are not so competitive, and that's what the Economic Development Administration or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or our Department of Science and Technology, in its efforts in industrial innovation, our minority business efforts, the Maritime Administration, telecommunications, and on and on. But it does little good to make all those domestic efforts if we do not realize, as a people, the complexity and the competitiveness and the interdependency of the world economy, and there's a new international dimension to our lives and to our future. Mr. President, scattered among Mr. Klutznick's children-family, I should say-are a few folks from North Carolina. [Laughter] There may even be a Republican or two. But I confess that by and large they're good folks-[laughter]-and I'm glad to see them. And they are for you and are here because they are interested in effective government, and they support you, along with the majority of Americans, on the premise that the best politics are moderate and intelligent. Many, indeed, heard me on the eve of May 30, 1978, when I happen to have 47 Jan. 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 said that there was little political appeal in being moderate and intelligent in approaching very complex issues, but I happen to believe, as you do, that that's the only way. All of us here recognize the challenges that you face and the truly great job that you're doing, and we are grateful. And I say that not because of the events of the last few weeks, of the last few months, and the trying times that you have had most recently, but really for the 3 years of your administration during which, I think, the business community has benefited more than under any other administration with which I am familiar. I think it is the Department of Commerce's responsibility to communicate to the American people the real facts about our economy and about what you have done for the business community. There are a lot of good people, not just from Illinois and North Carolina, who know that. I'm proud to be helping you and proud to be serving you and working with Mr. Klutznick. And I thank you and all of you wonderful people for being here. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. I'm going to ask Luther and Phil to go with me, and they'll be standing outside the door. And I know that you will all want to come by and shake hands and either congratulate them or offer your condolences to them as they assume these major responsibilities. [Laughter] They are two fine men, and I'm very grateful to them for being willing to serve. Thank you very much, everyone. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:40 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Department of Commerce Designation of Abraham Katz as Assistant Secretary for International Economic Policy. January 9, 1980 The President today announced that he has designated Abraham Katz, of Hollywood, Fla., as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for International Economic Policy, a new position. Under Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979, the President may designate someone to fill this position for up to 60 days, pending nomination and confirmation by the Senate of a permanent appointee. The President intends to nominate Katz for this position. Katz has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for International Economic Policy and Research and Director of the Bureau of International Economic Policy since 1978. He was born December 4, 1926, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He received a B.A. from Brooklyn College in 1948, an M.I.A. from Columbia University in 1950, and a Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1968. Katz joined the Foreign Service in 1950 and was posted at the State Department and in Mexico. He took Russian language training at the Foreign Service Institute and graduate studies in Soviet affairs at Harvard University. From 1957 to 1959, he was Chief of the Foreign Economic Section, Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Division, at the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence Research. From 1959 to 1964, Katz was First Secretary of the U.S. Mission to NATO and European Regional Organizations. From 1964 to 1966, he was Counselor for Economic Affairs at the American Embassy in Moscow. In 1966-67 he was a fellow at Harvard's Center for International Affairs. 48 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. I10 From 1967 to 1974, Katz was Director of the Office of OECD, European Communities and Atlantic Political-Economic Affairs at the State Department. From 1974 to 1978, he was Deputy Chief of the U.S. Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris. Energy Conservation Remarks at a White House Briefing for Religious Leaders. January 10, 1980 The last 2 months have not been happy days for our Nation. It's been a sobering experience for every American, a trying experience for some of us, a sacrificial time for American hostages held by kidnapers in Tehran, but a time of unity and, I think, a time of deep commitment, a time of reassessment of basic concepts and ideas. No one knows the ultimate outcome of these challenges that we must face, these difficult questions that we must answer. But throughout a time of trial and tribulation, of testing, questioning, Americans have always turned to basic unchanging principles, moral beliefs, deep religious convictions, and they have turned to God for guidance in managing the secular challenges which confront us. It may be a time of cleansing for us; it may be a time of recommitment to basic ideas that are important, but which we sometimes forget. This morning I'm not going to go into details about our energy program or legislation pending before the Congress. Charlie Duncan can handle that better than I, and he'll be available after I speak, briefly, to answer your questions so long as you desire to stay here and pose them to him. When I was at Camp David last July, I had a group of people who are very important to me come and see me from one day to another, to give me advice on what our Nation should do with this pending crisis and, at that time, an existing serious challenge-one of the groups was comprised of some of you-a quiet, meditative period of intense, unrestrained, frank discussion of the moral and ethical and religious principles that were involved in meeting the crisis of energy. It might seem strange to some, not to you, that the conservation of oil has a religious connotation. But when God created the Earth and gave human beings dominion over it, it was with the understanding on the part of us, then and down through the generations, that we are indeed stewards under God's guidance, to protect not only those who are fortunate enough to grasp an advantage or a temporary material blessing or enjoyment but to husband those bases for enjoyment and for a quality of life for those less fortunate in our own generation and especially for those who will come after us. Our country is comprised of profligate wasters of the Earth's precious resources, not because of an innate selfishness, but because we've been overly endowed by God with those material blessings. We've seldom experienced limits on our lives because of a withholding of the production of food or fiber or building materials or energy itself. Access to warm oceans, wonderful climates, rich land-God has given us these things. But lately in the last few years, or particularly the last few months, we've begun to see that we not only have 49 Jan. 1 0 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 a responsibility to now and future Americans but also to those who live on Earth now and will live in the future. No one could anticipate the broad use of petroleum products. A few generations ago it was looked upon as a rapidly expendable, but inexhaustible supply of just fuel, to burn, to make heat. Petroleum products now are used to make food, to make medicine, and for other uses that directly affect the quality of life of human beings, in addition to 'the burning of the fuel for heat or propulsion. We have seen also the interrelationship between energy supplies and peace, between energy supplies and life or death, between energy supplies and the protection of religious beliefs. The right of people to be free is directly tied to adequate supply of energy in a modern, fast-changing, technological world. I'm not a theologian; I don't understand all of the relationships between these subjects. But I'm particularly grateful that you, as religious leaders, have come to the White House to explore not only the theoretical, theological aspects of stewardship and conservation but also, in more depth, how you as religious leaders, and others like you in every church and synagogue throughout our country, might explore even further the aspects of living in accordance with God's world, to promote the concepts of peace and freedom and unselfishness and humility and responsibility for the well-being of others. I'm determined that our Nation will be strong. I'm determined that our Nation will stay free. I'm determined that our Nation will hold high the banner of human rights for ourselves and for others. And I'm determined that the American people, as best we can, will be educated about these interrelationships that are so important to us all. You can help greatly with this concept, because still, in our blessed land, many people cannot accept easily the concept of material limits. There are only two ways to resolve the energy problem in the foreseeable future. One is to produce more energy in our own country, preferably with replenishable supplies, where the origin is the Sun and where, through growing crops or flowing water or the prevailing winds, we might derive energy without a limit on time. Another, of course, is to produce more energy that is not replenishable, from petroleum products. So, the production of more energy is one basic approach, and there is only one other. That's the conservation of energy in all forms, the elimination of waste. And along with that and tied closely to it, of course, is the better sharing of energy among all of us for the well-being of our country and the individuals who live here. I don't think that either one of these programs or concepts or commitments need cause a deterioration in the quality of life of our people. It's not a sacrifice to eliminate waste. It can be a blessing, not necessarily in disguise, to eliminate a dependence of one person riding in a very heavy, very expensive, very wasteful vehicle. It's not a contributing factor to a quality of life to have a home that requires twice as much energy to heat it as is necessary or to have little clothing worn in a home when a few degrees of temperature lower and a sweater could let us realize that there is a change of season outside, that God's plan is still working on an annual basis-[laughter]-when we ourselves need not suffer material discomfort. And I think the drawing together of families to discuss this challenge, which is becoming ever more important in the 50 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 10 minds of human beings, to discuss how we would meet this in our own personal lives, can be a coalescing factor, to strengthen the family ties, and therefore the communities, and therefore to preserve the basic elements of the American character. I think we will turn more to the simple things of life-quiet discussions at home; the sharing of experiences; a walk in the woods; a look at God's Earth; and the elimination, or at least a lowering, of the frantic dash from one place to another, where we lose sight of what we are seeking at the end of that trip or that dash, where our senses are pretty well desensitized, as we move through the beauties that God has given us. I'm not trying to preach a sermon to you, but I am very deeply concerned about how Americans look upon resolving the energy question. It will require unity. It will require some sacrifice. It will require courage. It will require persistence or tenacity. It will require knowledge. It will require the reassessment of the priorities that we have established in our lives to measure what is a good life and what a quality of life might be. I see absolutely no inconsistencies in what we are advocating for an energy program and an enhancement in the quality of life among Americans and throughout the world in the future. I'm deeply grateful to you. I understand that you are considering a conservation Sabbath weekend. And I hope that you'll go forward with this idea, because I know that the common approach is very good. And the individual exploration-as you commune with God, as you study holy texts, as you apply ancient principles and commitments to a modern-day challenge-can open up ideas for our Nation to explore that have not yet been understood nor considered by me as President. In closing, let me say how deeply grateful I am for your coming here to the White House. It shows an unselfishness on your part. It shows a commitment to the exploration of new ideas and new concepts, to the application of God's unchanging principles to rapidly changing human life forms and attitudes in the pressures of a modern society. I'm very confident that out of this meeting will come a very beneficial effect on our country. Again, thank you for coming. God bless every one of you. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:45 a.m. in the State Dining Room at the White House. United States International Development Cooperation Agency Nomination of David Bronheim To Be an Associate Director. January 10, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate David Bronheim, of Glastonbury, Conn., to be an Associate Director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency, a new position. Bronheim is currently working at the International Development Cooperation Agency and was previously an Assistant Director of the Agency for International Development. He was born April 28, 1932, in New York City. He received an A.B. from the University of Michigan in 1953 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1956. From 1956 to 1958, Bronheim was with the U.S. Tax Court, and from 1958 to 1960, he was with the World Bank. He 51 Jan. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 was with the Agency for International Development from 1960 to 1967, as an attorney, then deputy coordinator for Latin America. From 1968 to 1970, Bronheim was executive director of the Center for InterAmerican Relations. From 1970 to 1976, he was vice president of the Dreyfus Corporation, and from 1976 to 1978, he was director of The Futures Group, a subsidiary of the Dreyfus Corporation. Youth Employment and Training Programs Remarks Announcing a New Initiative. January 10, 1980 It seems this is the first audience I've addressed in 2 months where there were smiles on the faces-[laughter]-more than expressions of concern. I am very grateful to all of you for being here and for letting your presence be witness to the importance of the announcements that we will make this afternoon. I know that many Members of the Congress have been deeply involved, as have I, in assessing one of the most serious threats to our Nation, to the interrelationship among our people, to the enhancement of opportunities that confront all of us to have realized for those who've been deprived in the past. These have, indeed, been difficult weeks for our Nation, since November 4, in particular, and exacerbated by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan beginning on Christmas Eve. We live in a free society. Our Nation supports human freedom throughout the world. We live in human dignity, in human aspirations for the preservation of peace for our own people and for people all over the Earth. We are outraged when we see our own citizens kidnaped and abused in Iran, and we are also outraged when we see in Afghanistan the independence of that nation and the freedom of their people destroyed by the invading force of a superpower. I'm convinced that our Nation and those who stand with us will prevail in this time of testing, because we, collectively, are strong and because we, collectively, are right. Americans have been united in recent weeks, perhaps as never before in recent history. We faced a common threat, and we faced it as one people. That unity, that persistence, that competence, that reasoned determination has been our real strength. It is, to a very large extent, responsible for the broad international support, an almost unprecedented degree of international support, which we continue to enlist. As you know from experience, it's not always been the case-in the United Nations, among the nonaligned countries, among the developing nations, among the small nations, those whose populations are primarily black or brown or yellow-that our country and our position has had such strong support. The announcement that I make today is important. But I want to ask you to join with me, not in confronting a common enemy from overseas, but in sharing today a common hope. The announcement that I make today will strengthen our Nation. It will strengthen our Nation's life internally, yes, just as the steps that I have announced recently will also strengthen our own security and keep us at peace. Announcements, if they have substance and if they have meaning, can never be easy to accomplish. The facing of a challenge, the answering of a question, the 52 ~ --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 10 meeting of a need, the overcoming of an obstacle, which is important, is never easy. All of you are idealists. If you hadn't been, if you weren't, you would not be here. You have dreams for our country. You believe in America, not just what it presently is but what it hopes to be and what it can be. You believe in the full promise of our country, the land of equal justice and the land of equal opportunity for people without regard to their race or their color or the wealth or influence of their family or their place or the status of their birth. This has never been an easy thing to achieve. The hope with which we face it has sometimes been a burning, vivid, all-consuming hope. Sometimes we have accepted the status quo in a quiescent state. Today I'm launching a major initiative that will bring that great promise of America, the land of equal opportunity, to a closer relationship with actual reality. I intend to ask the Congress in the weeks ahead to make a historic investment in our Nation's most precious, most underused natural resource, national resource, human resource-the energies, the talents, and the aspirations of America's young people. The initiative I'm proposing will be substantial. Together with efforts already begun, it will constitute the most comprehensive youth employment and training program ever accomplished or envisioned in our Nation. It will involve a new Federal commitment of $2 billion in expenditures by fiscal year 1982. This will bring to more than $6 billion, in all, the Federal investment in this unprecedented public and private effort. This is indeed a sizeable investment, but it's one that's amply justified. I can reveal a secret to you this afternoon. Our 1981 fiscal year budget will be a tight budget. [Laughter] But I'm convinced that this particular investment, which has not been a penurious or reluctant commitment on my part or those of my advisers, is an investment in our Nation's future which we need to make and which we need to make now. We need it for economic reasons, because every dollar we invest in the talent or ability of our young people is a dollar invested in our Nation's economic future. We need to make it for moral reasons and for ethical reasons. A mind is a terrible thing to waste. We've all heard this compelling appeal by the United Negro College Fund: A mind is a terrible thing to waste. We've seen its television portrayal of a young man, sitting alone in an empty room, listening helplessly to the sounds of the city outside, a world in which he cannot hope to compete. We see him paralyzed, not in a physical sense, but by a lack of skill, a lack of hope. Too many young Americans are today afflicted by this exact kind of manmade paralysis. Some have already left school, but they lack the skills and experience to join a productive work force. Others are still in school, but lack the training and employment opportunities that will ever lead them to hopeful careers when they finish their education. We're not talking here about temporary unemployment, the kind we expect most young people to experience as they go from young adulthood into permanent adult status in life. We are talking about the permanently unemployed, sometimes even the second or third generation of the permanently unemployed, young people who are coming of age, who are headed toward a dead end, an entire adulthood of unemployment. It would be difficult for any of us sitting in this room to know what that means. I 53 Jan. I10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 can't claim to know fully what it means. I only have one life to live that God has given me, and if I were 18 or 19 or 20 years old and was convinced that my life would never have any productive meaning, that I could never support myself economically, that I could never hope to have a viable family, dependent upon my ability and my initiative and my industry to support it, it would be a constantly debilitating, depressive characteristic in my life. These millions of young Americans, in their late teens and early twenties, have come to form a whole segment of our society, a class of people without any productive role in our economy, without purpose and without hope. They include blacks, and they include Hispanics. In fact, they include every single ethnic group in this country. They live in rural communities; they also live in cities. The existence of this kind of mass hopelessness and frustration is both intolerable and unacceptable. From the time I took office, I've been determined to meet this challenge head on, of youth unemployment. In 1977 in my first year in office, I worked with many of you to get through Congress and finally was able to sign the Youth Unemployment and Demonstration Projects Act, the most far-reaching measure devoted to this noble purpose in the history of the world. This has already given employment and training opportunities to 750,000 young people, 300,000 of them minority youth. The jobs created for this program just for the black teenagers-by this program just for black teenagers-added up to 75 percent of the entire nationwide increase in black youth employment last year. That percentage demonstrates very vividly not only the dimensions of what we've accom plished but also the scope of the massive task which we still confront. Nine months. ago, as almost all of you know, I asked Vice President Mondale to head up a special White House task force on the problem of youth unemployment. Since then we have completed the fullest study of its kind ever undertaken. We've held regional hearings throughout the country. We've talked to business leaders, to civil rights leaders, to employment leaders, to labor leaders, to educators, to local officials, and we've talked to a lot of young people themselves, those who've been successful in overcoming the handicap of unemployment and those who have or had given up hope of ever overcoming the crippling effect of unemployment. We've had to make some hard judgments about the gravity of the challenge and about what we must do to meet it. One of the difficulties has been just to admit that the embarrassing statistics might be accurate, because many of us who participated in this study are at least partially responsible for the situation as it exists. We've found, for instance, that there are 2 million high school students in lower income school districts alone who are at least 2 years behind in their basic skillsreading, writing, and computationskills that are taken for granted in today's job market. And I need not tell you that the 2-year measurement is much better than many of these young people's educational level demonstrates. A large number of high school graduates in the United States of America are still functionally illiterate. They cannot read or write. They cannot add or subtract well enough to hold a simple job. There's another, second large group of disadvantaged young people-also, coincidentally, about 2 million-who are 54 M Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 1 0 already out of school, but having severe problems getting a job, and if they ever get a job, holding a job. This problem, as you know, is particularly severe among minority youth. While 67 of every 100 white people in nonpoverty areas have jobs, only 35 percent of black youth living in poor neighborhoods can find employment. Both groups, those still in school and those who have already left school, are in an important period of transition-in effect, from childhood to adulthood. They are at a point where they can either take off and find meaningful jobs and have a productive life and have self-satisfaction and self-esteem and be part of society and contribute to the structural strength of America, or they can drop out into a lifetime of hopelessness and alienation, where their inclination is to tear down the structure of American society because they feel so removed from it and because many of them feel that they are victims of it instead of the beneficiaries of it. I'm announcing today a set of initiatives that will reach both these groups: those still in school, those already out. To begin with, I'm going to put some muscle behind the programs that already are in existence and which are working. I'm proposing that we increase the resources devoted to youth education, training, and employment programs by $2 billion: $1.2 billion in our new budget and $800 million more in fiscal year 1982, as the new programs take hold. And if we can exceed our projected accomplishments, then I will certainly not hesitate to increase the amount of money that I propose in the next budget that I prepare later on this year. I am proposing that these funds be divided roughly between those still in school and those who've left school. For those out of school, either as dropouts or as graduates, the money will finance work experience, training, and job counseling. It will finance opportunities for 450,000 young people whom we are not reaching now. These employment and training programs will emphasize tough performance standards. For too many years, we have tended to look at our youth employment program simply as a way of keeping our young people off the streets. I'm determined to build programs that are effective, well-designed, well-managed, and demanding-demanding on the employer and also demanding on the employee. These programs will be tough; they will not be easy to get through, but every young man or woman who gets through them will have a reason to look back on their experience and to be proud. And the young person will have a work record to use where it counts-that is, on the job market to acquire a permanent possibility for employment. For those who are still in school, I'm requesting funds to provide basic education and employment skills for some 1 million students in our country's 3,000 poorest urban and rural school districts. This program will also provide many of these students with part-time work while they are still enrolled in school, work that will be linked very closely with the learning that they are getting in the school classroom. The goal will be to encourage students who might otherwise drop out to stay in school and to get the preparation they need, along with the work experience, so that the outside world of emplovment won't be such a strange environment, a fearful environment for them. I know that I will have your support in getting this program enacted and funded. I know I can count on those of 55 Jan. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 you from the private sector on whom we will have to rely very heavily-employers, unions, educators, and community based organizations-to play your indispensable role. This program will work only with public and private cooperation, and I know we will receive it. To repeat myself, a mind is a terrible thing to waste. So is energy-not just the kind that powers automobiles or generates electricity, but the kind that makes people eager to learn and eager to work and eager to strengthen the structure of a democratic society, and the kind of energy that young people have in so much abundance. Dreams are also a terrible thing to waste. We cannot let the dreams of our young people die. As the American poet Langston Hughes once wrote, "Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die life is a brokenwinged bird that cannot fly." We will hold on to our dreams so that others can hold on to theirs. We will hold on to our dreams so that together we can make this great country of ours a land of boundless hope and opportunity for everyone. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:36 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. George Meany Statement on the Death of the Former President of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. January 11, 1980 George Meany was an American institution. He changed the shape of our Nation for the better in hundreds of ways, great and small, through the force of his character and the integrity of his beliefs. His strengths were the strengths of the American labor movement-courage, practical idealism, compassion, and an unshakable commitment to human dignity and human rights. Above all, George Meany was a patriot. He expressed his love for our country by fighting to make it a better place in which to work and live. He came out of the building trades, and in a lifetime of public leadership, he never stopped building. He left America a freer, stronger, more just society than he found it. George Meany's enduring monument will be the united, free trade union movement he helped create and led so long and so well. But his vision of labor's role was a broad one, and his life's work also served millions throughout the world who never held a union card. He was an enemy of totalitarianism in all its forms, a fighter for social justice at home and abroad, and a friend of freedom everywhere. George Meany was a counselor of Presidents, who never lost the common touch. Like seven of my predecessors, I was privileged to benefit from his straightforward counsel. Working men and women around the world will mourn his loss. Pope John Paul II put it best at the White House just 3 months ago, when he clasped George Meany's hands and said simply, "You do good work for your people." We were all George Meany's people, and the good work he did will continue to serve us for a long time to come. Board for International Broadcasting Nomination of Charles David Ablard To Be a Member. January 11, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Charles David Ablard, of Alexandria, Va., to be a member of the 56 _ -— Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. I11 Board for International Broadcasting for a term expiring April 28, 1982. He would replace John T. Murphy, whose term has expired. Ablard has been in private practice since 1977 and is currently with the Washington firm of Gage, Tucker, & vom Baur. He was born October 25, 1930, in Enid, Okla. He received a B.B.A. (1952) and LL.B. (1954) from the University of Oklahoma and a Master of Laws from George Washington University in 1959. From 1954 to 1956, he served as a judge advocate in the U.S. Air Force. In 1957 Ablard was special assistant to the General Counsel of the Post Office Department. From 1958 to 1960, he was judicial officer of the Post Office Department and Chairman of the Board of Contract Appeals. From 1960 to 1963, he was a partner in the firm of Ablard & Harrison. From 1963 to 1969, Ablard was vice president and counsel of the Magazine Publishers Association, Inc., and American Society of Magazine Editors. From 1969 to 1972, he was General Counsel and congressional liaison for the U.S. Information Agency. From 1972 to 1974, Ablard was Associate Deputy Attorney General. In 1974 he was a visiting fellow at the Center for International Studies at Cambridge University, then associate dean of Vermont Law School. From 1975 to 1977, he was General Counsel of the Army. White House Conference on Regulatory Reform Remarks at a Meeting of the Conference. January 11, 1980 We have a packed house, a lot of people trying to escape from excessive regulation. [Laughter] Well, I hope in the months ahead that you can come to Washington to escape regulation and find that you've had a successful journey. I've been President now almost exactly 3 years, and there are some overwhelming commitments or facts, impressions, convictions that I've acquired. One is that our people must have confidence in their government for our government to function properly and for our Nation to be strong and united. Another is for our people to be free, individually, to receive the benefits of our constitutional guarantees-the right of each person to stand on his or her own feet, to make one's own decision, to participate in public affairs without any unwarranted interference in their functioning as an individual. I'm also a product of the free enterprise system. It needs to be protected and enhanced. Threats to it should be eliminated or reduced. Our country can only be strong within its free enterprise system if there is a constant recommitment to competition for the benefit not only of consumers of goods and products and services but also for those who provide them. Our Nation faces, in government and in private life, constant, changing problems. The most serious problem that I faced 3 years ago was unemployment. Since then we've added a net increase of 9 million new jobs-unprecedented in the history of our country. Our most pressing problem now is inflation. And we, together-Federal, State, local officials, private citizens of all kinds-have to face the problem or threat of inflation, along with others, with a new approach when required, but maintaining the principles that have guided us and provide stability in our own lives in a rapid, fast-changing, technological world. We analyze daily, more often than daily, 57 Jan. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the reasons for inflation, how we might approach the resolution of this problem, this threat to the well-being of Americans, particularly those who are most vulnerable. OPEC raises its prices. There's very little that we can do about it. Proper, gentle persuasion, influence with our friends who provide oil to the international market can help, but very little. But there are some other threats to inflation, as you well know, and I won't delineate them. But the one we're talking about today is one over which we do have some control-regulations, which generate a tremendous waste, not only of energy itself but also waste of human life, human resources, natural resources; which destroy the fabric of government; and which nobody can address successfully except those of us assembled in this room and others like us, who are represented by us. We've got a pressing need to get rid of the regulations that are unwarranted, and many of them are absolutely unwarranted. And we've got a need to manage those that are needed in the most effective and enlightened and sensitive way. ' There has been built up in our society a new profession, broad reaching, employing many people, just to deal with regulations for people who are bound by them. For someone building houses or building factories or operating a business or providing a service, quite often the regulations at the local, State, and Federal level are so complicated that there has to be a special profession evolved to guide the average American citizen, who is not averse to regulation, through the maze of conflicts and the overcoming of obstacles, created in an unwarranted way, to the proper functioning of our societal structure. Regulations are quite often counterproductive. Many regulatory agencies at the local and the State government level, which I know from bitter experiences as a local and State official, and from the Federal Government level protect monopolies. One of the constant pressures on me as Governor was to create, as my former Attorney.General here, Arthur Bolter, knows, new, so-called licensing bureaus for professions, to enhance the well-being of consumers of their service. That was hard for me to understand at first. How could people be so unselfish? [Laughter] How could they be so generous to others? And then I always read the fine print, and there was always an effort to include a grandfather clause: "Let's don't put the restraints on those already practicing, and let's make darned sure that no competition comes in to endanger our own privileged position and restrict the number who can provide services and to provide protection for them." That exists in the Federal regulatory agencies, as well, and has a more farreaching effect. We've tried to stamp out some of those regulations, in the airline industry, for instance. We're now moving toward the trucking industry, the railroad industry, the communication industry, health industry. It's not easy. Financial institutions, banks complain quite often that they are too rigidly bound by regulations. But just try to remove one of those regulations, and there's an outcry, because the protection that they have very carefully carved out for themselves might be removed. The average consumer doesn't know the inner workings and the secret mechanisms of a regulatory agency; it's too confusing. They don't have legal advice to guide them into a knowledge of the regulatory 58 I I --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 11 agency that is designed to protect them, the consumers. But those who are regulated study the agency and its regulations and its procedures avidly, because it's economic life or death to be protected as a provider, quite often at the expense of the consumer. We've made some initial progress. The Environmental Protection Agency, represented by Doug Costle over here, has, I think, made notable progress. We've got to retain some regulations to protect the public against mislabeled chemicals or nonproven medicines, or to prevent the despoliation of our air and our water, to enforce the law, to provide for safety of Americans, to make sure that when a product is bought, it is accurately labeled or described. There are obviously needs for regulations. But they can be simplified, and they can be administered well, and they can be compatible with regulations of the same people by other Government entities. Quite often, there is a profound conflict between Federal regulations and State regulations, or between State regulations and local regulations. I read a news article the other day in the local paper that quoted Fred Kahn as saying there are 8,000 different sets of regulations for constructing homes. And quite often, a homebuilder only has a small group of employees, supposedly carpenters, roofers, concrete pourers, some minimal design work, and no legal staff to study the regulations that bind him or her and might cause an interruption of business. And every time a house is delayed a month, in some communities that adds 1 percent or 2 percent to the cost of a home. And when the construction of that house is delayed a year, the house is no better, but the cost is much greater, and literally no one benefits. No one benefits. The homebuilder doesn't benefit; the home buyer doesn't benefit; the regulators don't benefit; the providers of services and building materials don't benefit. I know that you realize the points that I'm making are true, because you've come here out of a deep concern for the addressing of the excessive regulation problem. OSHA1 was probably the most despised four letters-[laughter]-that I knew about when I was a small businessman, trying to operate a cotton gin or to build a peanut-shelling plant or delivering fertilizer or employing 50 or 60 people. It was a constant threat to me, and I felt that there was no understanding of my problems. Since I came in office, working with many of you in this room and others, I think OSHA has taken on a new character and a new image. Forty thousand businesses with very low risk have been excluded completely from OSHA regulations. And on one notable day, which was one of the high points of my Presidency, a thousand different OSHA regulations were stricken from the books. [Laughter] That was a great day. [Laughter] I believe it's accurate to say that we've now brought under control the conflicting regulations that exist under 35 or 40 major Federal agencies. Doug Costle is the Chairman of our Regulatory Council, and he meets with high-level representatives of all those agencies. And they discuss with one another what they are trying to do to protect the public and to hold down confusion and to hold down paperwork. And they eliminate conflict among agencies. They are trying to reduce the num1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 59 Jan. 1I1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ber of reports required, applications required. This is a very important work, and we are just now in the beginning stages of it, the embryonic stages of what can be realized in correcting this defect on our political structure. In addition to that, we've developed a regulatory calendar so that there will be a predictable publication of regulations and so that they can be carefully considered. And quite often, there is a goal to be achieved that can be achieved at a given level of expenditure of work and money, and that same goal can substantially be achieved by a much lower level of human effort and expenditure of money. We are exploring those things now in the early months of this effort. Doug Costle, I think, has done a superb job. The bubble concept of air quality protection is a major step forward, and our environment will be just as clean. The costs will be much lower. We've reduced paperwork in the Federal Government 15 percent, and we still have a long way to go. And I've had into my Cabinet Room presidents of a large number of American universities, private and public. I've had invited to the White House, for an evening session with me personally, every State school superintendent in the country, representatives of small business, of other professions, to tell me in practical terms, "You give me an example of a report required or a form to be filled out that you think is unwarranted or has to be made too frequently or is too elaborate in its requirements or overlaps another report, and I will personally look into it"-which I have done. We've still got a long way to go. I'm not trying to brag on what we've accomplished, because this meeting would not be worthwhile if that was the goal of it. I'm very proud that some of the States have made even greater progress. It's very important to us. Arizona, in motor carriers, for instance, has done a good job; West Virginia in holding down health costs. Georgia, I'm proud to say, now has a one-stop application process for environmental approval of a project. There is no reason why all 50 States can't do the same, and there is no reason, in the future, why the Federal Government can't do the same. The average citizen suffers when you have to go to a multiplicity of agencies to get one single answer, and quite often there are different answers given at every different agency. The coordination of them must be done completely, and there's no reason why it can't be done. Quite often, you confront very powerful political pressure groups, because to disturb the status quo is a dangerous thing in politics. The status quo exists because it's valuable to somebody. And it's valuable to somebody who is powerful enough to have protected it for a long time, at the expense of the general public. I don't say that in criticism of any special group, but I say it as a fact. And when a problem is publicized and the general public's interest is aroused and State legislators and mayors and county officials and Congress Members and presidents and regulatory administrators, there can be an addressing of a defect without an adverse influence or impact on a provider of services or goods or the consumers involved. Well, I'd like to say this in closing: It's easy to recognize a problem; it's difficult to do something about it. And I hope this conference will inspire all of you to learn from one another-yes, that's very important-and to learn from us and also to provide a sense of partnership, that we are in it together. 60 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 11 This is not a meeting which has any possibility of accomplishing the ends that we seek. It ought to be a kind of introductory meeting. And all of you have, I'm sure, notable examples of progress in a particular element of your life, within your responsibility, that is important for the rest of us to know. We don't have the time to let everyone speak up and say, "I know about something good that's happened," but I hope, following this meeting, that you will share, through Fred Kahn or through Doug Costle, your experience in a county or in a city, or in your own industry or profession, or at the State level, or perhaps at another Government agency, what has been done that might be emulated by the rest of us around the country. We can have a better government. We can have a better society. We can have a better free enterprise system. We can have more respect for all leaders by citizens who've suffered too long. We can have a better country, and I'm sure we will. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 1:30 p.m. in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. Alcohol Fuels Program Statement Concerning New Initiatives. January 11, 1980 This administration's program to accelerate dramatically America's production and use of gasohol is yet another important front on which we will be wagingand winning-our energy war. Farms and businesses all across the Nation can now take part in one of the most exciting endeavors of this new decade. By using American resources, we are enhancing the international, economic, political, and military strength of the United States. Overall, my administration is committed to a program which will provide between $8.5 billion and $13 billion of assistance to stimulate production of alcohol fuels over the coming decade. We will quadruple current gasohol production capacity by the end of this year. During 1981 we should be capable of producing ethanol at an annual rate of 500 million gallons-more than six times the current rate. If this amount of ethanol were all turned into gasohol, it would replace almost 10 percent of our anticipated demand for unleaded gasoline in 1981. Our overall gasohol program will spur the investments that we, together, must make for a more secure energy future. We will create new markets for our farmers. We will no longer have to throw away waste materials which can be turned into profitable, essential fuels. Our Nation's enormous agricultural and fiber resources can be used to help provide a secure source of energy for our future. By producing gasohol from fiber and agricultural byproducts, we can meet fuel needs for millions of Americans, including our farmers. Anniversary of the Birth of Martin Luther King, Jr. Message of the President. January 11, 1980 DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., BIRTHDAY January 15, 1980 As we celebrate the fifty-first anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther King, Jr., the principles and causes for which he 61 Jan. 1 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 gave his life are being challenged at home and abroad. There have always been voices that urged violent repression in the name of religion. There have always been people who were willing to sacrifice others to further their own causes. Martin Luther King, Jr., taught us a different lesson. He taught us to live up to our highest principles of freedom and equal justice, to love and respect the tiniest spark of humanity in the most unlovable and find ways to fan that tiny spark into a lasting flame that would light the way to a better day. At this time when the forces of tyranny and terrorism are engaging in violence, often in the name of religion, it is important that we remember the power of nonviolence to change both institutions and the hearts of individuals. As we face the challenges of a new decade, we are strengthened by the memory of all the losing battles that went into the great triumphs of Martin Luther King, Jr. May we have the same courage to fortify our convictions, the same love and will to hold out to the final victory. JIMMY CARTER Merit Systems Protection Board Nomination of Thomas H. Henderson, Jr., To Be Special Counsel and Designation of Mary Eastwood as Acting Special Counsel. January 11, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Thomas H. Henderson, Jr., as Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB). He would replace H. Patrick Swygert, resigned. The President also announced that he has designated Mary Eastwood as Acting Special Counsel pending Hender son's nomination and confirmation by the Senate. Henderson has been Chief of the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division at the Justice Department since 1976. He was born February 4, 1939, in Birmingham, Ala. He received a B.S. from Auburn University in 1961 and a J.D. from the University of Alabama in 1966. Henderson was with the Justice Department from 1966 to 1973, serving as a trial attorney in the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section of the Criminal Division, then as Deputy Section Chief of the Management-Labor Section. From 1973 to 1974, he was deputy chief counsel of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure. In 1974 he returned to the Justice Department as Deputy Section Chief of the Management-Labor Section. Eastwood, 49, is Associate Special Counsel for Investigations at the MSPB. From 1961 to 1979, she was attorney adviser in the Office of Legal Counsel at the Justice Department, and from 1969 to 1979, she was also equal employment opportunity adviser. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. January 6 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. January 7 The President met at the White House with: 62 W Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -members of the Cabinet; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -professional boxer Muhammad Ali to discuss his recent trip to the People's Republic of China; — economist Walter Heller. January 8 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -former Prime Minister James Callaghan of Great Britain; -members of the President's Advisory Committee for Women. The President announced the reappointment of Douglas M. Costle as Chairman of the Regulatory Council for 1980. Costle is Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. January 9 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary of Energy Charles W. Duncan, Jr., Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Moon Landrieu, Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, Secretary of Commerce Philip M. Klutznick, James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Jack H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, to discuss domestic policies; -Mr. Moore; -Mr. Schultze; -representatives of the National Business League; -Mayor James D. Griffin of Buffalo, N.Y.; -Sandy L. Duckworth, a member of the Fairfax County, Va., Board of Supervisors; -Mrs. Carter, for lunch. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on the situation in Iran, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and other foreign policy issues, given in the State Dining Room at the White House for a group of citizens formerly or currently active in foreign affairs. The President sent letters to Senator Henry M. Jackson, chairman of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and Representative Morris K. Udall, chairman of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, transmitting the semiannual progress report on the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, prepared by the Department of the Interior. The White House announced that in the area of high technology and other strategic item exports to the Soviet Union, the President has directed that all existing validated export licenses be suspended and that all shipments under these licenses be frozen, pending a national security review of licensing policy. January 10 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President. 63 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 January 11 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, Deputy Secretary of Defense W. Graham Claytor, Jr., Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Donovan; -Mr. Moore; -a citizens group to discuss volunteer, nongovernmental programs in the Caribbean and Central America; -A. Vernon Weaver, Jr., Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and Arthur Levitt, Jr., chairman of the White House Commission on Small Business; -Robert F. Goheen, U.S. Ambassador to India. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on the situation in Iran, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and other foreign policy issues, given for agricultural, labor, religious, community, and civic leaders in the State Dining Room at the White House. The White House announced that Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez of Spain will visit Washington January 14 and will meet with the President to discuss international issues of mutual interest. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted January 10, 1980 U. W. CLEMON, of Alabama, to be United States District Judge for the Northern Dis NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted January 10-Continued trict of Alabama, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. FRED D. GRAY, of Alabama, to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Alabama, vice Frank M. Johnson, Jr., elevated. E. B. HALTOM, JR., of Alabama, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. ROBERT B. PROPST, of Alabama, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released January 7, 1980 Fact sheet: low-income energy assistance program News conference: on the low-income energy assistance program-by Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Patricia R. Harris Released January 9, 1980 News conference: on the White House Conference on Small Business-by A. Vernon Weaver, Jr., Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy Released January 10, 1980 News conference: on youth employment and training programs-by Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and Mr. Eizenstat Fact sheet: youth employment and training programs Announcement: nomination of U. W. Clemon to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama Announcement: nomination of Fred D. Gray to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Alabama Announcement: nomination of E. B. Haltom, Jr., to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama 64 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 CHECKLIST-Continued Released January 10-Continued Announcement: nomination of Robert B. Propst to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama Released January 11, 1980 News conference: on the alcohol fuels program-by Under Secretary of Energy John C. Sawhill, Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Jim Williams, and Mr. Eizenstat Fact sheet: alcohol fuels program ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved January 7, 1980 H.R. 5860 --- —-------- Public Law 96-185 Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979. Approved January 8, 1980 H.J. Res. 468 --- —---- Public Law 96-186 A joint resolution extending the dates for submission of the President's Budget and Economic Report. H.R. 5010 --- —------- Public Law 96-187 Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979. 65 Week Ending Friday, January 18, 1980 George Meany Proclamation 4712. January 11, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation At a time when freedom is once again under challenge around the world, we will remember George Meany. We will remember him as the symbol of a vibrant free trade union movement. We will remember him as the champion of the highest values of our democracy. In a career that exceeded a half century, George Meany changed the shape of America for the better in hundreds of ways, great and small, through the force of his character and through the integrity of his beliefs. The modern American labor movement-strong, united and free- is George Meany's enduring legacy to our Nation. It is proper and fitting that we honor his memory today and that we remember his many contributions to our Nation. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces (36 U.S.C. 178) do hereby proclaim that, as a mark of respect to the memory of George Meany and his numerous contributions to our Nation, the flag of the United States shall be flown at halfstaff on all buildings, grounds and naval vessels of the Federal government in the District of Columbia and throughout the United States and its territories and possessions until his interment. I also direct that the flag shall be flown at half-staff for the same length of time at all United States embassies, legations, consular offices, and other facilities abroad, including all military facilities and naval vessels and stations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:06 a.m., January 14, 1980] NOTE: The text of the proclamation was released on January 12. Meeting With Agha Shahi of Pakistan White House Statement. January 12, 1980 Pakistan's foreign affairs adviser Agha Shahi met with the President in the Oval Office at 2:45 this afternoon. The meeting lasted for 40 minutes. The meeting concluded a visit to Washington in which Mr. Shahi met with Secretary Vance and the President's Adviser for National Security Affairs, Zbigniew Brzezinski. Mr. Shahi's meeting with the President and other American officials involved an 67 Jan. 1 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 exchange of views on the implications for international peace and security of recent developments in Afghanistan and on how the United States might be helpful in assisting Pakistan under the present circumstances. Included in the Oval Office meeting on the American side were: Secretary of State Vance, Dr. Brzezinski, Deputy Secretary of Defense Graham Claytor, Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher, U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan Arthur Hummel, Assistant Secretary of State for Near East and South Asian Affairs Harold Saunders, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs David Aaron, and Thomas Thornton of the NSC staff. Mr. Shahi was accompanied by Lieutenant General Jilani, Secretary General to the Ministry of Defense; Major General Aref, Chief of Staff to President Zia: Pakistan's Ambassador to the United States Sultan Khan; and staff. White House Conference on Small Business Remarks at the Opening Session of the Conference. January 13,1980 Vernon Weaver, Arthur Levitt, other Commissioners, and delegates: It's a genuine pleasure for me to be with you tonight. I welcome you to the first White House Conference on Small Business. As you may have surmised, this gathering fulfills a long-time ambition of mine to have the voice of small business heard loud and clear here in Washington. As a matter of fact, I started working on it 5 years ago, in January of 1975. And I worked very hard for 2 years so that I could come up here 3 years ahead of you-[laughter]-and start getting things ready for this conference. And now here we are, and I'm very glad to be with you. A lot of people deserve credit for the progress that we've made already. But I particularly want to mention Senator Gaylord Nelson and Congressman Neal Smith, and all the Members of Congress who have played an integral role in laying the groundwork, the legal groundwork, for this conference. This gathering, which will have a great influence on the future course of our country, is both the culmination of years of hard work and also the beginning of renewed efforts carefully devised by you and by us, designed for the future-a better one for you and for us and the entire country. It's a proud day for all of us. We are also meeting at one of the most trying times in our Nation's history. I want to talk very briefly about that. As citizens of a free society, as supporters of human freedom and human dignity, we have been justifiably outraged about recent international events. We are outraged that, half a world away, the Iranian Government holds 50 innocent Americans hostage in violation of international law and in violation of human decency. And we are also outraged that in that same troubled spot of the world, armed forces of the Soviet Union, a superpower, have launched a massive invasion of the small, nonaligned country of Afghanistan. Yet for all our anger, the United States has responded with a combination of restraint and firmness. For all the world to see, we have reasserted our commitment to the rule of law in international conduct, and we have worked carefully with our own allies and within the United Nations. 68 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 13 We will continue to protect American interests and, if possible, preserve the peace. But we will protect the interests of the United States, using whatever action is required. This has not been an easy 2 months for any of us. But I think we've shown the world that America will not give in to terrorism or to international intimidation, whatever its forms might be or wherever it might occur. As President, I have been very proud of the American people. We've risen to this occasion as a united nation. We've spoken loud and clear with one voice, and the world has listened with respect. In an almost unprecedented way, the United States has been joined and supported by nations of all kinds-deeply religious and atheistic, large and small, east and west, north and south, they have joined with us to condemn what has occurred in Iran and Afghanistan. Some of our economic actions directly involve you, who represent small business enterprise in this country. You have demonstrated your willingness to make a reasonable sacrifice for the security and the well-being of the United States. And I thank you for this support. Normal trade and commerce has been interrupted in order to demonstrate vividly our abhorrence and our own condemnation of terrorism and military aggression against innocent people. Under even the best of circumstances, normal trade will not soon be resumed with the Soviet Union. This is an election year, when Americans are making judgments and assessing performance and thinking about the future. In reaching my own decision to act, I had to face some tough choices. There are many risks. There are economic costs. We are sharing those costs, so the burden will not fall just on you as small business leaders, not just on the American farmer, not just on any particular group in our country. Political considerations, in order to protect our Nation, had to be set aside; and some economic profit, in order to protect our Nation, had to be forgone. I need for you and for all Americans to stand with me. The United States is being severely tested today-tested for our moral courage, tested for our willingness to forgo economic profit, tested for our basic military strength, tested for our national unity, tested for our economic strength. And we Americans will not fail these tests. I consider it most fitting for the White House Conference on Small Business to convene this week. This is a good forum. Just as we must keep bright the beacon of human freedom, demonstrate national unity, and maintain the military strength of our country, so must we also maintain a national economy that will make all this possible. To me that means a further strengthening of the small businesses of America. I know firsthand how important this must be. I'm one of the few small businessmen ever to serve in the White House. I had a Small Business Administration loan, Vernon. And I'm very proud to say that I was finally able to pay it back[laughter]-almost, but not quite always, on time. In fact, even today, in my present job, I carry out one of the important small business traditions. As you know, I live right next to the store where I work. [Laughter] I feel close to you. And from the day I first took office, I've worked with you and with others to build a good record to aid small business. We moved quickly to ease paperwork and regulatory burdens. We required that new regulations be costeffective and written in plain English, 69 Jan. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and that we eliminate overlapping and obsolete rules. We've required regulators to consider, for the first time, the special problems of small business and to exempt you from further certain burdensome regulations that would have been issued. These are just commonsense changes, but in Washington they amounted to a major departure from past routine. As one measure of progress, we've already cut by 15 percent the time required by Americans of all kinds to fill out Federal paperwork. And we've exempted 40,000 low-risk businesses from regulations by OSHA, and on one proud day, we eliminated 1,000 OSHA regulations. Working with Congress and with you, my administration has helped to create a better climate for small business, a better realization on the part of. every agency in the Federal Government of what your special problems and your special potential is. Because of our initiatives, corporate taxes are lower for small businesses. Pension funds regulations now encourage investments in small and innovative businesses. The Small Business Administration has greatly expanded its lending activities. I appointed the first Chief Counsel for Advocacy in the SBA, and I made a good choice. We've also addressed some special groups of those involved in small business. We've expanded aid to minority-owned businesses. Since 1977 Federal purchases from minority-owned firms increased from about $1 billion to $2/2 billion. And our goal for 1980, which I am determined to reach, is $3.8 billion of Federal purchases from minority-owned businesses. As part of my determination to meet this and other goals, I've directed all Federal agencies to implement Public Law 95-507 aggressively, as you know, for the benefit of both small and minority businesses, to expand your share of subcontracts from large Federal contractors. I've also begun efforts to aid small businesses owned by women. Last year I directed Federal agencies to help strengthen the role of women in business. The 1981 budget will contain funds for the Nation's first women's business development effort to coordinate this move nationwide. Well, I could go on, but these are just some of the small business initiatives that we've implemented in that last 3 years. I know, as well as you, that we still have a long way to go. And this conference is designed to chart our course for the future. On these particular efforts, I'll let Vernon Weaver and others go into more detail with you this week, because I want to turn now, in closing, to two problems that affect us all-and hit small businesses especially hard. These are energy and inflation. Let me first say that I believe that we are beginning to turn the corner on both problems. After three decades of almost total indifference, we now have a national energy policy to reduce our dangerous dependence on imported oil. We now have a rational, conservationminded energy pricing policy based on reality, not on false hopes. We've put in place a series of things, and I'll just mention them briefly: first, a clear policy to encourage American production of energy, based on a rational pricing policy of deregulation; second, broad incentives for conservation, the best approach to solving our energy import problem; a strong shift away from oil toward coal, our most abundant source of energy; new emphasis on renewable sources of energy, based on the Sun-and there is a broad gamut, as you know, of 70 I I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 13 opportunities here-an extensive effort to develop synthetic alternatives to foreign oil. And I've called on the Congress to enact a windfall profits tax to finance this most massive of all peacetime investments in American industry-to develop major new domestic energy supplies. This new program can have a profound and a beneficial effect on all small businesses in America. But you have a responsibility, a special individual responsibility, to help with the two things that are required to cut back on foreign imports. The first is conservation, the elimination of waste. And the second is to enhance the production of all forms of energy in our own country, and not overseas. Last year we stopped the upward spiral in the quantity of oil that we import, and we reduced-actually reduced our oil imports by 5 percent. Yet even with that, at the higher prices we will probably pay in 1980 $90 billion for imported oil. Along with oil we are importing inflation and unemployment. Just imagine what those $90 billion would do if invested instead in American businesses-in new jobs, in innovations, in increased productivity. That's one of the main reasons why I have been almost obsessed with energy since the first day I came into this office, and have worked almost 3 years, constantly with the Congress to hammer out, over the most difficult possible obstacles, a comprehensive energy policy. And we are just on the verge of success, and that's why our Nation as a whole, and you individually, must face up to this very difficult task. Cutting down oil imports is also a top priority in fighting inflation. Virtually all of last year's increase in our inflation rate came from OPEC: almost 100-percent increase in OPEC oil prices. And we will never control inflation until we control our excessive appetite for foreign oil. Of course, you all know that we can also attack inflation directly, and we've done so. First, we've already cut the Federal deficit by more than half. In the new budget, which is going to the press right now, we will cut this deficit in half again, and we will keep working toward a balanced budget as rapidly as we humanly can. When measured as a share of our gross national product, already, up till now, the present deficit has declined even morefrom 4.6 percent of the GNP when I ran for President-when I was elected President, down to only 1.2 percent of the GNP now. You're all interested in the Federal deficit being reduced. And I might caution you that you can help in this conference, because when you make recommendations to me and to Congress and to the administration and to the Nation, I hope that you will consider every recommendation and what impact that recommendation might have on Federal budget expenditures. Second, we are reducing the cost of regulation on our economy and at the same time encouraging more competition. This has certainly not been an easy job. Deregulation of airline fares was only the beginning of an unprecedented and sustained effort to get the Government's nose out of the private enterprise system of America. And as you well know, contrary to the best interests of consumers and our country, quite often those regulated have been the most bitter opponents of deregulation. That's where the small business voice can be heard with the utmost effectiveness in the halls of Congress. We've only just begun with airlines. We are moving on railroads, trucking, communications, finance, and many other areas of American life. Third, we enlisted the aid of American business and labor to work with the ad 71 Jan. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ministration in a national accord to help hold down inflation voluntarily. We've had notable success, which I'm sure will be spelled out to you during these 4 days. And finally, we've made a concerted effort, which is only just beginning, to encourage more research and development, more capital investment, more productivity growth. Only in these ways and others like them can we attack the roots of inflation, and not just the symptoms of inflation. The events in Iran and Afghanistan have helped to underscore hard work ahead for America in the 1980's. They've dramatized the need for greater cooperation and for greater unity in facing our common problems. Clearly we have our work cut out for us, and this conference is an important part of that work. It's the first major conference, as you know, that has been called in Washington since these two crises erupted into the American national consciousness. And what you do here and what you say here and what you recommend from here should be based upon a need to pull Americans together; to consider the great human and natural resources which we enjoy; and to determine the course that we must follow in the future to give a better quality of life for all Americans, based on a common effort. Already more than 30,000 small business owners have helped to fashion recommendations and proposals in 57 meetings in all the States of our Nation, which will be on the agenda for discussion this week. I have high expectations for your work, and I want you to have high expectations that together we can and we will keep up the momentum for reforms that strengthen the small businesses of America. Together we can build a stronger economy that will help make this great country of ours even greater. In about 2 years a group representing this conference should come back to the White House to assess the progress that we will have made. And when you come back in 1982, I expect to be here to greet you. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:38 p.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to A. Vernon Weaver, Jr., Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and Arthur Levitt, Jr., Chairman of the White House Commission on Small Business. Federal Procurement Policy Memorandum From the President. January 13, 1980 Memorandum for the Heads of Departments and Agencies When I announced my Urban Policy in March 1978, I set certain goals for the federal procurement system. Specifically, I pledged to triple the amount of business the Federal Government does with minority businesses, increasing those contracts from the $1.1 billion level of 1977 to $3.3 billion by the end of FY 1979. I also signed an Executive Order to increase substantially the amount of federal procurement in areas of high unemployment (labor surplus areas). In both instances, although the government's performance improved significantly over previous years, the goals I set were not achieved. We are in the process of establishing higher goals in minority and LSA procurement for 1980, which I am confident we can achieve. I would like each of you to take the following specific actions to ensure that your agency is doing its best to meet those goals: * Familiarize yourself with your agency goals and ensure that adequate plans have been developed to reach these goals. 72 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 14 * Instruct each of your procurement officials that these goals are a high priority with me and that I expect each of them to take every necessary and appropriate step to reach these goals. * P.L. 95-507 requires that each agency establish an Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization (OSDBU) with a full-time director who reports to the agency head or deputy. It also requires subcontracting plans for utilization of small and minority firms for most federal contracts over $500,000. Please take the following actions regarding P.L. 95-507: (1) review your OSDBU to see that it has the necessary resources and full-time staff to carry out the responsibilities mandated by this law; and (2) review the performance of your agency with regard to the subcontracting provision of the law, and take every action required to ensure that, henceforth, no contract covered by the provisions of this law is let by your agency which does not have a subcontracting plan. * You should already have established with the Department of Commerce your annual minority contracting goals and with SBA your subcontracting goals under P.L. 95-507; if not, do so immediately. * Cooperate fully with GSA in establishing LSA goals. * Personally review the 1979 performance of your agency in the minority and LSA procurement areas, and if you did not meet your goals, develop a plan by January 30 to meet 1980 goals. * Both the Senior Executive Service System and the Merit Pay System require goals and objectives for evaluating employee performance. Where it is feasible and appropriate I want the achievement of procurement goals in these two areas to be included as a performance objective. This objective should be a critical element in the evaluation of procurement officials and related program personnel. I have asked Jack Watson to work closely with Deputy Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges, Administrator Vernon Weaver of SBA, and with OMB in monitoring our performance in these two areas. Please report to me through Jack by January 30 on specific steps you have taken, and are taking, in accordance with this memorandum, including the specific goals set for your department or agency in these areas. I would like each of you to devote sufficient, continuing, and personal attention to these procurement matters to ensure achievement of our goals. JIMMY CARTER NOTE: The text of the memorandum was released on January 14. Small Business Message to the Congress. January 14, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am sending the Congress this Message on Small Business to emphasize the vital importance of the small business sector to the American economy, and to report to you on the steps taken by my Administration to strengthen it. Our efforts to control inflation, maintain high levels of employment, and stimulate productivity and economic growth depend in large measure upon a strong small business sector. Yet too often in the past the Federal government has been insensitive to the needs and concerns of small business. It is essential, not just for the sake of the small businessmen and businesswomen of America, but for the economic welfare of the Nation as a whole, that the voice of small business be heard and heeded. I 73 Jan. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 have made a special effort to open my Administration to small business and to maintain a continuing dialogue with its leaders. In addition, in order to focus that dialogue and to provide a forum in which the small business community can develop and transmit its policy recommendations, I have convened a White House Conference on Small Business, which meets in Washington this week. Senator Gaylord Nelson and Congressman Neal Smith have been at the forefront of those urging such a conference. I look forward to receiving the recommendations of the Conference. As the conferees begin their deliberations, I want to report to you on the state of small business, our progress thus far in dealing with its problems and concerns, and our plans for the future. At the root of the problem of governmental insensitivity is the popular misconception that small business is not a significant factor in our economy. Viewed in the aggregate, there is nothing small about small business. Small businesses account for more than fifty percent of all private employment, forty-three percent of the gross national product, and over half of all inventions. The small business sector is critically important not just because of its sheer size, but because of the unique way it affects the economy. In the years between 1969 and 1976, small and medium size businesses accounted for virtually all of the net new private sector jobs added to our economy. Employment in firms with 500 or fewer employees increased by 7.5 million, while employment in firms with over 500 employees dropped by 1.2 million. There is, as well, an aspect of small business which cannot and need not be quantified to demonstrate its importance. Our Nation has grown strong as the land of opportunity in which each individual can aspire to financial security through hard work and enterprise. The pursuit of economic self-realization by free citizens has fueled the most productive economy in the history of the world. And throughout our own history, economic opportunity and political freedom have gone hand in hand, each supporting and reinforcing the other. Given the crucial roles which small businesses play in our economy and our society, it is incumbent upon us to identify and address those conditions which inhibit their formation and growth. Among the problems small business confronts today, the most acute are: * the burden of excessive and needless governmental regulation and paperwork requirements. * the need to improve access to capital to start up new enterprises and finance growth. * inflation, which often places special strains on smaller businesses less able to pass along cost increases. * the special problems of members of minority groups and women in starting and building business enterprises. REGULATION AND PAPERWORK When I took office in 1977 I found that 90 separate Federal agencies were issuing regulations at a rate of 7,000 new rules every year. Yet there was no mechanism to assure the cost-effectiveness of such rules, to eliminate overlapping and obsolete rules, or even to require that they be expressed in plain English. Unnecessary or poorly designed regulations and paperwork requirements hurt the whole economy, but they particularly hurt small business. For example, reporting requirements which may be no more than minor irritants for large enterprises may well involve unacceptable costs for small entrepreneurs. 74 911 I~Pr Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 14 During the past three years I have taken a number of steps to reform the regulatory process and eliminate needless burdens. These actions include: * Issuance of an Executive Order subjecting major regulations to cost-benefit analyses; imposing annual sunset reviews on various regulations; providing for the publication of a Regulatory Calendar to facilitate public participation in the rulemaking process; and requiring that regulations be written in plain English. * Creation of the Regulatory Council to improve coordination of Federal regulatory activities. * A direction to Federal agencies to develop flexible regulations which take into account the size of the regulated business, and which provide for reduced burdens for smaller businesses where possible. * As a result of a paperwork reduction program I have initiated, we have reduced by 15 % the number of hours Americans spend filling out Federal government forms. CAPITAL NEEDS A major impediment to the creation of a new business or the expansion of a small one is the difficulty in obtaining financing. During the period immediately prior to my Administration, access to the public capital markets was virtually closed to small businesses. In 1969 there were 548 public offerings of the securities of new or small companies; in 1976 there were a mere 29. At the same time, the cost of debt financing has increased as a result of the actions taken by the Federal Reserve System to reduce inflationary pressures in the economy. In the face of these serious problems, Congress and this Administration have acted to encourage investment in small and innovative businesses: * The maximum tax on long-term capital gains has been reduced from 49% to 28%. * The three-step corporate income tax has been replaced by a five-step rate structure, which lowers the tax on the first $100,000 of corporate income by $7,750. * The ERISA rules which define the fiduciary responsibility of the Nation's pension fund managers have been amended to encourage prudent investments in small and innovative businesses. These funds, which contain approximately $500 billion in assets, can be a major source of venture capital for our economy. * The Small Business Administration has greatly expanded its lending activity in the past three years. SBA loans rose from $1.8 billion in 1976 to $3.1 billion in 1979, an increase of 72 percent. INFLATION Inflation is one of the most vexing and intractable problems we face as a Nation. It afflicts all segments of our society, but some elements are especially vulnerable. Small business is one of the sectors that is particularly hard hit. Cutting down oil imports must be a top priority in fighting inflation. Virtually all of last year's increase in our inflation rate came from OPEC, and we will never control inflation until we control our appetite for imported oil. To help do so I have put in place a national energy policy which will encourage production through a rational deregulated pricing policy and will encourage a shift to coal, our most abundant resource. We have devised effective incentives for energy conservation, and have strongly encouraged the use of solar and renewable resources. I have also called on Congress to enact a Windfall Profits Tax to finance the most massive 75 Jan. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 peacetime effort in American history to develop synthetic alternatives to foreign oil. Another major line of defense continues to be strict budgetary discipline by the Federal government. My Administration has succeeded, with the cooperation of the Congress, in reducing the Federal deficit from $67 billion to $30 billion in less than three years. The budget that I shall propose for Fiscal Year 1981 will call for a further significant reduction. In 1976 the Federal deficit represented 4.6% of our gross national product. In 1979, the fiscal year just completed, it was 1.2% of gross national product. In the 1981 budget, shortly to be released, the proposed deficit will be no more than one-half of one percent of gross national product. We cannot afford to backtrack on our commitment to further deficit reductions. I urge you to join with me in the year ahead in resisting expensive and improvident pressures on the budget which would surely undermine our efforts to contain inflation. I also urge business and labor to continue to work with us under the voluntary wage and price guidelines which I have put in place. During a period of high inflation and accompanying high interest rates, many small businesses may face special financing problems. Chairman Volcker has recognized the need for banks to take particular care that small businesses, home buyers, and farmers receive a reasonable share of available funds. I know that the Nation's banking community has responded favorably to the Chairman's suggestion, and I expect it will continue to assure that adequate credit is available to finance the basic needs of the economy. In addition, I would hope that the banking community would be sensitive to the pricing of small business credit. Decisions regarding rates and availability of credit must be made by each individual institution on a case-by-case basis and in response to local market conditions. At the same time, I hope that banks will act in a manner which recognizes both the critical role small businesses play in our economy and their special needs in a time of increased credit cost. MINORITY BUSINESS ENTERPRISE Members of minority groups are greatly underrepresented in the ranks of small business. Although minorities comprise roughly 18%5 of the population, only 4% of the Nation's firms are minority owned, and those firms account for less than 2% of all business receipts. Minority entrepreneurs confront unique problems in obtaining capital and often have special requirements for technical assistance. These problems require, and are receiving, the attention of the Federal government. * Since 1977 we have more than doubled Federal purchases of goods and services from minority firms from $1.1 billion to $2.5 billion in 1979. I am confident that such purchases will exceed $3.5 billion this year. * In order to promote and coordinate Federal activities in support of minority business development, I have revitalized the Interagency Council for Minority Business Enterprise and asked the Undersecretary of Commerce to report to me on its progress regularly. * Last year I signed Public Law 95-507 which requires plans for subcontracting to minority and small businesses before sizeable contracts are awarded. I have taken steps to ensure that this legislation is vigorously implemented. * SBA has greatly expanded its activities in placing Federal procurement contracts 76 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 14 with small businesses owned by socially and economically disadvantaged persons under the Section 8(a) program. The value of such contracts rose from $368 million in 1976 to more than $1 billion in 1979. * In my 1981 budget, I shall propose a new initiative within SBA to provide necessary financial assistance to support the growth and expansion of existing minority firms which have demonstrated their viability. * I have restructured minority business programs within the Department of Commerce to provide a broad range of technical, advocacy, and support services, and I shall be sending proposed legislation to the Congress to establish a statutory base for the Minority Business Development Agency within the Commerce Department, to administer these programs. WOMEN IN BUSINESS Although women make up more than half of the work force, less than 5% of all United States firms are owned by women, and these firms account for less than one half of one percent of all business receipts. Businesses owned by women tend to be among the smallest and the most vulnerable to the vicissitudes of the economic cycle. Such businesses face major barriers in raising capital and often require considerable management assistance. To help deal with these problems, I have issued an Executive Order which directs Federal agencies to strengthen the role of women in business and to take affirmative action to include women in management assistance and other business related programs. I have also created an Interagency Committee on Women's Business Enterprise to assure effective implementation of my directive. My Adminis tration is responding with initiatives such as: * SBA's new pilot mini-loan program which offers women entrepreneurs direct loans with flexible terms. *In 1981, SBA will increase direct loans targeted to women business owners. * My 1981 budget will also contain additional funding for SBA management and technical assistance programs designed for women-owned firms. * The Farmers' Home Administration has targeted $50 million of its Business and Industry Loan Program funding for Fiscal Year 1979 for rural women's projects. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board is considering actions to strengthen protections against sex discrimination in commercial credit. OTHER SMALL BUSINESS INITIATIVES In addition to the actions I have mentioned, we have initiated a number of other steps which are no less important in our efforts to create a more favorable environment for individual enterprise: * At my direction, a major interagency review was undertaken to identify policy options to encourage industrial innovation. Because of the key role small business plays in the innovative process, many of the program components which will be implemented as a part of our comprehensive innovation policy will directly benefit small businesses. These include the creation of Corporations for Innovation Development in partnership with States and regions to provide seed capital for promising, innovative enterprises. We will also expand the existing National Science Foundation program which provides funding to small companies to assist in the 77 Jan. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 commercial development of new technologies. We are seeking to strengthen and rationalize the patent system, and we will establish Patent Counsels for Small and Minority Business in the Small Business Administration and the Department of Commerce to assist inventors in bringing their innovations to market. * I have instructed the Small Business Administration to accelerate the establishment of a small business data base to provide the information needed to guide effective policymaking for the small business sector. * The Small Business Administration has taken steps to expand and strengthen its advocacy function. With the appointment of the first Chief Counsel for Advocacy in the SBA, the establishment of SBA advocacy offices, and the addition of the SBA to the Regulatory Council, I have moved to ensurethat the problems and issues facing small business are addressed wherever relevant policy decisions are made within the Federal government. THE PENDING LEGISLATIVE AGENDA Congress can be justifiably proud of the legislative actions it has taken over the past three years to help create a more favorable climate for small business. There are, however, a number of legislative proposals of great importance to small business now pending or shortly to be submitted which require urgent consideration: * Comprehensive Regulatory Reform. I urge Congress to adopt the comprehensive regulatory reform legislation which I proposed last March. This bill will make permanent and extend to the independent regulatory agencies the regulatory reforms I have already instituted by executive order. Such legislation should also require agencies to give appropriate consideration to alternative forms of regula tion which minimize the adverse impacts of agency rules on small business. * Paperwork Reduction. In a Message to Congress last November I called for passage of a Paperwork Reduction Act. This bill will ensure coordination among agencies to avoid duplicative reporting requirements and will strengthen central oversight of paperwork requirements. I urge its prompt approval. * Trucking Deregulation. The trucking industry is enmeshed in a complex, anticompetitive web of regulation. The existing statutory scheme limits entry, restricts the goods truckers can carry and the routes they can drive, and allows them to meet in secret and fix prices. As a result, transportation costs are inflated by billions of dollars, and precious fuel is wasted. These regulations are particularly harmful to small businessmen who depend on common carriers, as opposed to large corporations which can establish their own private trucking fleets. I have submitted a bill to open up entry, lift restrictions on commodities and routes, improve service to small towns, and ensure vigorous price competition in the trucking industry. I hope that the Congress will follow its extremely salutory action on airline deregulation with comparable action for the trucking industry. * Uniform Patent Policy. In my Message to Congress on Industrial Innovation last year, I noted that the patent process has become increasingly expensive, timeconsuming and unreliable. Its deficiencies have tended particularly to penalize small and independent entrepreneurs. In particular, confusion generated by conflicting policies regarding the disposition of proprietary rights in Federally supported work has seriously inhibited the commercial application of patents resulting from such work. I will shortly submit to Con 78 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 14 gress proposed legislation to remove this confusion through the establishment of a uniform patent policy. Under this bill, small businesses and universities will retain patent ownership. * Securities Law Simplification. Last month I sent to Congress a proposed "Small Business Issuers' Simplification Act" which will significantly reduce the paperwork and regulatory burdens of small businesses which sell their securities to institutional investors, such as banks, insurance companies and pension funds, and others making investments of at least $100,000. The high costs of compliance with the registration provisions of the Federal securities laws have effectively prevented smaller businesses from raising capital in the public securities markets. Existing paperwork requirements constitute a needless impediment to the raising of capital where the securities are sold to a purchaser well able to fend for itself in the marketplace. This legislation would exempt such transactions from existing statutory registration requirements, while preserving all the present protections of law for small investors. I urge Congress to give it early and favorable consideration. These initiatives represent parts of a larger process by which we can, working together, make the Federal government the ally of small business, not its adversary. We must recognize that our aspirations for a free and productive society rest to a significant extent upon the fate of America's entrepreneurs, and we must act accordingly. Our job is to provide a climate in which their energies, their enterprise, and their dynamism can work for all Americans. I ask you to join with me in meeting that challenge. JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 14, 1980. Economic Sanctions Against Iran White House Statement on the Soviet Veto of the United Nations Security Council Resolution. January 14, 1980 Like the presence of Soviet tanks in the streets of Kabul, the Soviet veto of the United Nations Security Council resolution on Iran exposes, for all the people of the world to see, the Soviet Union's disregard for international law and the world's machinery of peace. Their veto is an act of political cynicism. It offends the conscience of all who honor freedom and who seek to strengthen the grip of law over lawlessness, of peace over strife-in this crisis and for the future. The facts are clear. On December 31, the Security Council adopted a binding resolution on Iran. That resolution, as had a prior resolution which the Soviet Union approved, called on Iran to release the hostages. It requested that SecretaryGeneral Waldheim continue to use his good offices to secure their release. It committed the Security Council to review the situation again on January 7 and, if the Iranians had not yet complied, to adopt effective measures under Articles 39 and 41 of the United Nations Charter. These are the Articles of the United Nations Charter that provide for mandatory sanctions. The Secretary-General then went to Tehran. He reported to the Council on January 7 that the progress he sought had not been made; that the Iranians refused to release the hostages. It therefore became incumbent on the Security Council to act. Twice the United States, despite extreme skepticism, agreed to a delay of this action so that any indication of a good 79 Jan. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 faith effort to resolve this crisis could be explored. As has so often been the case in the past, those explorations proved fruitless. The necessary majority of the members of the United Nations Security Council voted to impose specific sanctions on Iran in accordance with the provisions of the Charter and the previous decision of the Council. The'Soviet Union has thwarted that effort with their veto. Let us be clear about what the Soviet Union is saying to the world by its two vetoes in the past week and by its other actions: The Soviet Union has opposed this effort of the international community, including the United States, to resolve the crisis in Iran through peaceful means. Meanwhile, it is seeking to crush the independence of Afghanistan through military force. The Soviet Union can veto the Security Council's resolution on Afghanistan-but they cannot veto the imprint their aggression has left on world opinion. The Soviet Union can keep the Security Council from acting now on Iranbut they cannot block the determination of members of the international community that terrorism and lawlessness must be dealt with firmly. Over the next several days, we will be working with other nations who uphold the principles of the United Nations and who seek a peaceful end to the crisis in Iran, to carry out our obligations under the Security Council resolution of December 31 and to implement the sanctions. At the President's direction, Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher is now in Europe to discuss our actions with our European allies. We will also be in immediate contact with other nations. The terrorists holding the American hostages cannot take comfort from this veto, because in reality it is aimed at ad vancing Soviet designs in Iran. The veto does nothing to lessen the world community's condemnation of their acts, nor does it lessen Iran's isolation from the world. In spite of the veto, we are confident that nations will act to maintain the rule of law. National Medal of Science Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony. January 14, 1980 This morning, as Dr. Press and I were discussing those who will be honored today, and what they've meant to our country and indeed the world, it was a sobering conversation for us both. We talked about the tens of billions of dollars of new investment that has been made in industry and the sciences and other elements of life; the tens of millions of jobs that have been created by these people; the millions of lives that have been saved, not only in our own country but all over the world. And I, as President of a great country, am honored this morning to participate in this ceremony. We are in the midst of an age of discovery not of continents, but of new knowledge. Men and women are pushing back the walls of ignorance about the smallest subatomic particles; about the universe, in the farthest reaches of space; about the sea and the air; about the human body; the Earth, its plants and minerals; about our own brains. Many have feared that mankind's destruction might come, as Winston Churchill put it, on the gleaming wings of science. If we come to that, it will not be because we dared to seek new knowledge, but it will be because we don't have enough of it. We cannot stop seeking knowledge just because the fire which we 80 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 14 have discovered might burn. We must learn to control the fire. Controlling the fire lies not only in the hands of scientists but of every person in our Nation and throughout the world. We do not know enough, but we do know far more than when the Medal of Science was established by Congress in 1959. We know far more than was known when men like Benjamin Franklin or Thomas Jefferson struggled to create a nation where the human mind would be free to study and to learn and to experiment and to pursue the truth, wherever it might lead. It's a time, as those honored here today have proven, when a single, disciplined, searching human being can make contributions that affect the lives of people throughout the world, that change the way we live and change the way we think. It's a time too when sharing knowledge is essential, because so much depends on knowing and understanding the other pieces of the human and natural puzzle. Ours is a time when a supportive and a free society is crucial, because of a need for financial and institutional support, and also because of the fundamental benefits of freedom. The spirit of discovery and exploration is best nurtured in a climate where thought and research are unfettered by a state-imposed preconception of where the truth might be found; in the older lessons of history they are sometimes forgotten. But we've seen recent examples of what repression does to material progress, as well as what it does to the human spirit. China today is grappling with the damage done to a whole generation, perhaps two generations, by the restraints on or the closing of its universities and its laboratories. The Soviet Union, despite its enormous investment in science and technology, still trails the West in many fields which it recognizes to be crucial. Even with its avid efforts to identify scientific talent early and to develop it and to exploit it, its repressive political system still stunts scientific progress. Knowledge knows no national boundaries, but it feeds on the free exchange of ideas, in a climate that encourages experimentation and innovation. Each President, like myself, has a duty to deal with the conditions and crises of the moment; but we also have a duty as Presidents to provide for the needs and for the opportunities of the future. Among the opportunities provided by the creation of the new Department of Education, for instance, is the chance to strengthen scientific education throughout the United States, at all levels of education. We intend to take advantage of that new opportunity. In addition, we've instituted apprenticeship programs, to allow university scientists and engineers to bring young people who might not otherwise have this opportunity, like minority young people and women, into their laboratories and classrooms to learn. With the invaluable help of scientists, engineers, and administrators within the Government, I've endeavored to ensure adequate Government support of our Nation's research and development activities, and to encourage industrial innovation. For almost a decade, Government investment in science and technology, particularly in basic research, has been too low. During the last few years, however, we have been able to rebuild Federal support for research and development, a process now showing substantial, beneficial results. With my proposed budget for fiscal year 1981, we will have increased Federal support, since I've been President, of basic research by 40 percent. We've renewed the emphasis on basic research, also, in all agencies of Government, not just a few. We've expanded research and develop 81 Jan. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ment programs in energy, of course, and ensured a balance among promising technologies, including solar energy and the more advanced technologies. Most recently, we've turned particular attention to basic research in the physical sciences and engineering, which suffered a net loss of Federal support in real dollars over the past 20 years. My budget for 1981 also strengthens support in this vital area. I've also directed a major review of industrial innovation, paying particular attention to the needs and the problems of small, high technology businesses, which have fostered, in a special way, innovative ideas in the past. In a recent message to the Congress I outlined a number of steps that will improve the climate of innovation. These include changes in the patent system and in regulatory practices that have in the past and still inhibit innovation. Other proposals will strengthen cooperation between industry and the academic community in research, and establish State or regional corporations to encourage new technological developments. In the heart of scientific enterprise is the creative work of individual scientists and engineers. Today we are honoring 20 individuals whose work has had a profound impact on our world, from the computer chip to high octane, no-lead gasoline, to safer, more practical structural design, and surgical repair of human nerves. In honoring them, we also honor the search for knowledge and for understanding, and we also honor the freedom to continue that search. I cannot predict, of course, the scientific or technological changes that will come in the next century. I am certain, however, that one of the most important things we can do now is to support that search, to honor great achievement, and to prepare those who will, under freedom, carry on the search in the future for truth and for knowledge. Thank you very much. I'm very grateful to have you here. [At this point, Frank Press, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, announced the recipients and cited their achievements as the President presented the awards. The President then resumed speaking as follows.] I'd like to ask the honorees to stay seated and let the rest of us stand up and give them a round of applause in appreciation of what they've done. [Applause] Come on up for a photograph together, if you don't mind. Well, they've honored our country, and they've honored me by being here this morning. And I know that all of you share my pride in what they have accomplished already and what they are going to accomplish in the future. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:08 a.m. in the East Room at the White House. The recipients- of the National Medal of Science for 1979 were: Robert Harza Burris, Elizabeth C. Crosby, Arthur Kornberg, Severo Ochoa, Earl Reece Stadtman, George Ledyard Stebbins, and Paul A. Weiss in the field of biological sciences; Emmett N. Leith, Raymond D. Mindlin, Robert N. Noyce, Earl R. Parker, and Simon Ramo in the field of engineering sciences; Joseph L. Doob and Donald Ervin Knuth in the field of mathematical sciences; and Richard Phillips Feynman, Herman F. Mark, Edward Mills Purcell, John H. Sinfelt, Lyman Spitzer, Jr., and Victor F. Weisskopf in the field of physical sciences. Meeting With Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez of Spain White House Statement. January 14, 1980 The President met today with Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez of Spain. The two leaders had a working lunch in the Cab 82 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 15 inet Room, with senior officials of both Governments participating. The President and the Prime Minister noted with satisfaction the close relations between their two countries and discussed a number of international issues which are of particular concern to both. These included the crises in Iran and Afghanistan, the situation in the Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean, and U.S.-Spanish cooperation in Western security matters. The President, in congratulating the Prime Minister for his vigorous leadership in the evolution of Spanish democracy, expressed his appreciation and that of the entire American people for Spain's support on behalf of the international effort to secure release of American hostages held by Iran in defiance of universally accepted standards of decency and law. The President and the Prime Minister agreed that the principle of the rule of law, vital to the whole world community, is at stake in this crisis. The President and the Prime Minister further agreed that they would use every effort to convince the Iranian authorities to release, unharmed, all the hostages. The two leaders exchanged views on the Soviet armed invasion and occupancy of Afghanistan. They agreed that this Soviet action, in flagrant violation of the United Nations Charter, constitutes a most serious threat to international peace. In condemning Soviet aggression, the President and the Prime Minister agreed on the need to strengthen Western solidarity, as expressed in concrete measures, to impress upon the Soviet Union the consequences of its conduct. During their discussion concerning other areas of interest to both Governments, the President expressed admiration for the Prime Minister's insights based on Spanish contacts and historical experience in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. The President welcomed the constructive suggestions which the Prime Minister made regarding these parts of the world and agreed that it would be useful to intensify U.S.-Spanish consultations on ways in which both countries could work for peace and stability there. United States Office of Consumer Affairs Appointment of Edward B. Cohen as Deputy Director. January 15,1980 The President today announced the appointment of Edward B. Cohen, of Washington, D.C., as Deputy Director of the U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs. He replaces Rodney Leonard, resigned. Cohen has been General Counsel of the Office of Consumer Affairs since 1978. He was born October 13, 1949, in Washington, D.C. He received a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1971 and a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center in 1974. From 1971 to 1974, Cohen was on the staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, and from 1974 to 1977, he was counsel to that committee. From 1977 to 1978, he was Special Counsel to the Director of Special Affairs of the U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs. Federal Service Impasses Panel Reappointment of Two Members. January 15, 1980 The President today announced the reappointment of two members of the Federal Service Impasses Panel, an agency of 83 Jan. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the Federal Labor Relations Authority which provides assistance in resolving labor negotiation impasses. The persons reappointed, both for terms expiring January 10, 1985, are: JEAN T. MCKELVEY, a professor at Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations; and IRVING BERNSTEIN, a professor of political science and research associate at the University of California at Los Angeles. National Afro-American (Black) History Month, February 1980 Remarks at the Message Signing Ceremony. January 15, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Dr. Picott, Dr. Thorpe, Dr. Thomas, Dr. Wesley: I don't know if there's anyone here who hasn't got a Ph. D.-[laughter]-except the President. I don't have one. Martin Luther King, Jr., said that in every crisis there are dangers and there are opportunities. And I think that in our own country, in the celebration of Black History Month, your own actions and your own teachings, the examples that you have set, have been a profound history lesson for our Nation in its entirety. There is no way to separate black history from the history of our country, because even in recent years the profound beneficial changes that have taken place in our societal structure have been primarily shaped by black Americans. This is the 51st birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. My wife is in Atlanta today speaking to a group along with Coretta King. Last night she and I sat alone in my study in the White House, talking about the attitude of the great spiritual leaders that have shaped our times-the teachings of Jesus Christ, our Savior; the example set by Mahatma Gandhi, com mitted to nonviolence but filled with courage; in our own lifetime the leadership of many of you working along with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and others, that in a peaceful way, but an extremely courageous way, shaped the course of history. Our Nation is theoretically a nation dedicated to equality of opportunity, to complete freedom, to the right of selfexpression, to the right of progress, to a constant hope and idealism, to the resolution of differences, through love and cooperation and peace. We've not always realized that potential, as you know. But when our Nation has fallen short, there have been courageous people to come forward and say what our laws require, that practices or habits of our people are not adequate, the hope and promise of the Founding Fathers, the hope and promise of our constitutional principles have not yet been adequately met. And our Nation has corrected itself and repaired damage to our own society and to our country itself through the courage of people like many of you and people like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., whose birthday we celebrate today. I'm grateful as President to the leadership represented here, because you've probed deeply within the consciousness of America and brought forward not only our fallibilities and our mistakes but action which can correct those mistakes, and it has not always been easy, as you well know. Sometimes black ministers, men and women of God, and sometimes black teachers, men and women of knowledge, have joined together. Sometimes you've been the same person. I don't think there's ever been a more vivid melding of teachers and worshipers in history, so far as I know, that have courageously shaped the course of the lives of human beings. I'm very grateful to designate February again as a time for reassessment of what we are, who we are, what we've done, 84 iaL111111111111111 I 1)P Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 15 what our opportunities have been, those that we've realized, and the hopes and dreams that not yet have been made a part of Americans' lives. As black human rights have been ensured, all Americans have benefited, and in the process we have cleansed ourselves and taken our Nation another major step forward toward the realization of all those hopes and dreams which we share, regardless of our race or regardless of our color or regardless of our historical origins or regardless of our religious beliefs. I'm very deeply grateful to you for being here with me today. You've honored us by coming. And I feel that I'm part of you, because, as President, I share with you the responsibility for making this a greater America, and I have no doubt that together we can accomplish that noble goal. Thank you very much. And now I'd like to sign the proclamation. [At this point, the President signed the message.] Sixty-fifth year, right? DR. PICOTT. Sixty-fifth is right. THE PRESIDENT. I know that your DR. PICOTT. I'd like the pen. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. All right. Well, Dr. Picott, let me give you one DR. PICOTT. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. and I'll give Dr. Thorpe the other. DR. THORPE. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. I notice that your founding father has also had a very fine first name, right-Carter? [Laughter] I'll just read the last paragraph. "I urge schools and communities throughout this Nation to encourage the study of our past, to plan projects and programs to commemorate important historical events and movements and to highlight those whose lives have made a difference. I urge all Americans to take this opportunity to learn about our heritage and to participate fully in our democratic system." I want to thank all of you. And now, if you don't mind, I would like to stand over by the door and greet every one of you personally and shake your hand and thank you for coming. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:18 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. In his opening remarks, he referred to J. Rupert Picott, executive director, Earl E. Thorpe, president, Charles Walker Thomas, former president, and Charles H. Wesley, executive director emeritus, all of the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History. National Afro-American (Black) History Month, February 1980 Message of the President. January 15, 1980 The Association for the Study of AfroAmerican Life and History can be justly proud of the contributions of its members to scholarship in a long-neglected field. As you celebrate your 65th anniversary this year, you can also take great pleasure in an accomplishment even rarer and more difficult for serious scholars-you have sparked public awareness and broadened the knowledge and interest of all Americans in their history. Since your founder, Carter G. Woodson, initiated Afro-American (Black) History Month, this annual observance has become an important tradition throughout the nation. By making people aware of the achievements and contributions of black Americans from the earliest history of our people, you have helped to correct the record and brought all Americans a better understanding of their past. To understand the present, to solve its problems and meet its challenges, we must understand our history. Through this annual observance, you have helped give 85 Jan. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 young black people the knowledge of their roots and the facts of their proud heritage. The history of black Americans is the record of America's battle with itself to establish the principles of justice, freedom and equal opportunity on which it was founded. It is a record of perseverance and anonymous sacrifice by both black and white Americans over many years. It is a record of calm conviction that overcame the power of hatred and fear and entrenched ignorance. It is -a record of human failure and cruelty, but also of human courage and commitment. It is important that all Americans know and understand the true meaning of that record. Your theme for this year's black history month, "Heritage for America," emphasizes the interest of the Association in encouraging all Americans to study all of our history. I urge schools and communities throughout the nation to encourage the study of our past, to plan projects and programs to commemorate important historical events and movements and to highlight those whose lives made a difference. I urge all Americans to take this opportunity to learn about our heritage and to participate fully in our democratic system. JIMMY CARTER President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service Announcement of the Selection of Six Persons To Receive the Award. January 15, 1980 The President today announced the selection of six persons to receive the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service, the highest award that can be granted to Federal civilian employees. The award was established in 1957 and is presented "with profound appreciation, highest esteem, and great personal satisfaction" to a small number of individuals each year. The six recipients, and the citations from their awards, are: Alfred L. Atherton, now U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, for his work on negotiation in the Middle East peace talks: "A career diplomat, he served with distinction as principal negotiator in the Middle East Peace talks, undertaking complex and arduous missions following the Camp David Summit. "Through his efforts, confidence in our objectivity and commitment to peace was enhanced and differences between the principals were significantly narrowed, representing a major contribution to negotiation of a peaceful settlement between Egypt and Israel." Thomas S. Austin, former Director (now retired) of the Environmental Data and Information Service at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: "A recognized world authority on marine science and scientific data management, he improved user services, reduced costs, and developed Federal capabilities responsive to critical national problems. "He helped shape national and international policies in marine science and environmental information management and developed capabilities of our Government to help solve problems in the critical areas of energy, global food needs, environmental problems and the development of the coastal zone." Sidney N. Graybeal, Director of Strategic Research at the Central Intelligence Agency: "An acknowledged expert in the intelligence community, he has been instru 86 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 16 mental in applying intelligence processes to vital national security issues and has played a central role in U.S. Arms Control policy. "Through his leadership, perseverance, fairness, and negotiating skills in a series of assignments of critical importance to the United States, he has successfully advanced our national security interests at the highest levels." Leonard Niederlehner, Deputy General Counsel at the Department of Defense: "A legal administrator of the highest caliber, his advice on the multitude of complex issues in which the Department becomes involved has been of great significance to our Nation's defense. "His ability to resolve disagreements and develop consistent positions on Department issues is a tribute to his skills as a lawyer and negotiator, and his analytical and managerial abilities and dedication represent the highest standards of performance." Harold H. Saunders, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs: "A distinguished diplomat, he has made a significant contribution to the cause of peace in the Middle East through his extensive knowledge and creative approaches. "Successfully managing a widely divergent group of support personnel, he provided essential elements upon which the framework agreements reached at the Camp David Summit were based, thus making a major contribution to the success of these negotiations." Dorothy L. Starbuck, Chief Benefits Director of the Veterans Administration: "An able administrator and inspiring leader in the Department of Veterans Benefits, she has shown dedication to and compassion for the welfare of all veterans and their families. "Her outstanding leadership in imple menting a computerized records system, administering an Outreach Program, and realigning the Department's geographical structure resulted in improved services at reduced costs and represents the highest degree of excellence in public administration." Interview With the President Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Editors and News Directors. January 15, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Well, first of all, let me welcome you all to the White House. I hope you have had an interesting and a fruitful morning, not only with your answers that you've received here but with the questions that you've asked. It's very helpful to us to hear from all of you from around the Nation. THE SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN AND IRAN I'd like to open by saying that I believe that we are now facing one of the most serious threats to peace since the Second World War, with the invasion by the Soviet Union and the brutal attempt to repress the independent people of Afghanistan in this last, very most serious crisis that our Nation faces and has observed. The world has condemned the Soviet Union in an almost unprecedented way, with 104 nations in the United Nations voting to condemn the presence of the Soviet troops and demanding that they be withdrawn-from Afghanistan. Only 18 nations supported the Soviets' position, and those were nations that were either completely dominated by the Soviet Union or heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union for their existence in an economic and viable way. 87 Jan. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 This expression of condemnation and abhorrence was indeed very widespread, not only the nations adjacent to the Soviet Union, which are under threat, but also among the Islamic countries located throughout the world and, of course, among nations which are industrialized and/or developing themselves at this time. This threat to peace is one that deeply concerns our own country, and we have taken action which has been forceful and, I believe, punitive to the Soviet Union, to convince them that the consequences of their invasion will not be light. We've forbidden their fishing rights in our waters. We have interrupted the delivery of large quantities of grain. We've interrupted high technology sales to the Soviet Union. And we are now consulting with our allies, in Europe and other places throughout the world, to see what other steps might be advisable. This is only one of the two major questions that our Nation must resolve-the other, of course, being the illegal kidnaping of the innocent American hostages, and their being held with the support of the Iranian officials themselves. Again, we are taking action in accordance with our own Nation's best interests. We're being consistent, and I hope effective. We're protecting not only the lives of the hostages, but also maintaining a strong, supportive role among a majority of the nations of the world. No one can predict the outcome of these two threats against peace, one involving an invasion, a military attempt to take over the independent country, another one an act of international terrorism. But we are doing the best we can. And I've been very pleased at the resolve and the courage and the unity of the American people. We are preparing now for the return of the Congress. I'll be making a State of the Union speech on the 23d. The Congress has a heavy agenda before it. Some major items carried over from this previous year, particularly the three energy bills. And of course we'll be presenting a budget for fiscal year 1981 at approximately the same time. I think it might be good for me to answer your questions now. Go ahead. QUESTIONS SOUTHWEST WATER PROJECTS Q. Water is a critical issue to those of us living in Arizona-Nina Trasoff, KGUNTV [Tucson]. The Central Arizona Project was a water project that your administration cut out and then reinstated. And what I'd like to know now is what the level of support you have for that water project, which is so vital to our cities, Southwest. Are you still strongly in support of it, just helping us get the water that we need so desperately? THE PRESIDENT. I don't know the latest status of it. As you know, the Congress has acted on the Central Arizona Project, a major water project for Arizona. And I presume that the published plans of the Corps of Engineers and the Interior Department, one or the other, is being carried out. I've not been involved in the latest exact schedule for financing, but so far as I know the Congress has acted. As you know, I didn't approve the project as it was originally conceived, and I have no idea that it's been changed in recent weeks. Q. No, there have been no changes since it was reinstated. I was mostly questioning your continuing support for the varying ways to get water resources to the Southwest. THE PRESIDENT. Well, I don't know of any interruption in the project. And I am 88 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 16 in favor of getting adequate water. I just don't want to waste money. Q. One water question is your decision to implement a very old bill, Federal water being supplied to farms, and that the farmer would have to live within 50 miles of that farm in order to qualify for the Federal water THE PRESIDENT. I don't know about that. Q. It had to do with-I think it was trying to keep large corporations from taking over small family farms. THE PRESIDENT. Well, as you know, we've had major legislation in the Congress to deal with Federal lands, lands for which Federal water is supplied, in California, primarily, and a few other States. But the limit there is one in compliance with the 1903 law that limits, I think, 160 acres to a family. We have modified that, I think, to 320 acres. And the Congress is now considering what to do. That bill has not been passed by both Houses of Congress. Q. Is there any consideration of perhaps letting a person living farther than 50 miles from their farm, that they might still get the Federal water? THE PRESIDENT. I think it's varied by river basins. But the Secretary of the Interior's proposal is the one that I support. PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE PRESIDENT Q. Mr. President, a few months ago you seemed to have a crisis of confidence, in that the polls showed that the people of America had little confidence in your ability to run the Government. And now the public seems to be giving you a vote of confidence, if you believe the polls. Why do you think the change took place? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think the public opinion polls go up and down. I've been at peaks and I've been in valleys. As far as political considerations are concerned, the only poll that counts is on election day in a particular State or in the Nation next November. I really don't know how to answer the question adequately. I think that my administration has deserved the support of the people from the beginning. We've obviously not been perfect, but I think we've had a good, constructive, solid, consistent approach to America's domestic and foreign problems. Some have been very difficult, and the slow action of the Congress, for instance, has created frustration, not only here in my own administration but among the people. Energy, for instance, is a crucial issue. We've been wrestling with the energy question since April of 1977, when I presented a comprehensive policy to the Congress. We've had good success at times: with the Mideast peace treaty, for instance, a highly publicized, partial success-we are still working on it. And we've had times when inflation was considered to be the utmost issue, and we have not been successful in dealing with inflation. The overdependence on foreign oil is one reason. We've had good success with unemployment. So, I think it's been a mixed bag as far as people's impression of whether I was being successful at a particular time. We have been persistent. Another thing is that our Nation has faced in recent months, the last 2 months, a little more, a threat to world peace. And I think at a time like this the President's voice is heard very clearly. I've had a chance to speak and let the American people understand the considerations that I've had to face, and understand the decisions that I've made. I think basically we've taken the right steps to meet the threat to our hostages in Iran, more recently the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. 89 Jan. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 And the last point is that as long as I didn't have any clearly identifiable political opponents, there is obviously an inclination to compare me with some perfect image of what a President ought to be: a tall, distinguished, handsome, grayhaired-[laughter]-articulate, and so forth-and all religions, depending on what religion the voter might happen to be, and so forth. But I think once it got down to a matter of me versus specific human beings who also sought the Presidency, that factor was minimized. But I anticipate the polls to change in the future. Right now they seem to be fairly good. But we'll be watching with interest to see how the primary elections come out. PRESIDENT S CAMPAIGN PLANS Q. Mr. President, you're supposed to be in California campaigning next month. Campaign Chairman Strauss was at Fresno last Friday, and he said that campaign planning has to be done on about a 30-day basis and that he could not guarantee that the plans might not have to be changed due to circumstances, particularly in view of the Iran hostage situation and the Russian presence in Afghanistan. Can you explain when you feel that the exigencies of the political campaign, the American election process, will require you to give a higher priority to the reelection campaign itself? THE PRESIDENT. It's hard for me to set a date. What I have tried to forgoand on some stretches of days what I have had to forgo-is the involvement of myself as a clearly identifiable, partisan campaigner, as a substitute for the President of our country. There have been times when I could not have left here had I wanted to, and there have been other times when I have felt that I needed to have a nonpartisan support for me as President. I think if I should change into a highly partisan campaigner, there would be a sense of belief among the American people that the intense interest in the American hostages, for instance, had been decreased. And obviously, as long as the United Nations is voting, as each vote is important, as I need to call foreign leaders, as I need to consult with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State on a continuing basis, have frequent meetings all during the day with key leaders of our country, you and others-there's a meeting going on in the White House now that Secretary Vance is briefing-to acquaint the Nation with what our problems are and what our possible solutions to those problems are, it's better for me not to assume the role of a partisan political campaigner. I have left open the option of going from Washington when my presence here could be spared. But even then I would not want to go to a fundraising event for myself, or to participate in a strictly partisan event, until I consider the alleviation of these crises to be adequate. Q. It's your intention now to go to California, though, in February? THE PRESIDENT. That's my present intention, but I cannot assert that I will be there. RELATIONS WITH ALLIED NATIONS Q. Mr. President, you mentioned in your opening remarks the talks underway in Europe with our allies on other steps in the Afghanistan crisis. Could you, without getting into too much detail, give us some of the options that might be available here? What are some of the other possibilities? THE PRESIDENT. The consultations in Europe are more broad-ranging than just 90 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 16 Afghanistan. They involve Iran, and they involve other things as well. It's hard to single out any particular item, but this is not a late-developing commitment of our country. Let me just very quickly go down a list of things, without going into detail on any. Since I've been in office we have seen the need for a stronger national defense. And every one of the years that I've been in office, all 3 years-I've just prepared the fourth budget-we've had a real increase in the commitment to the defense capability of our Nation, above and beyond inflationary trends. Secondly, we've tried to revitalize NATO-which was somewhat dispirited 3 years ago-with an increase in defense commitment there, with long-range 15 -year planning, with the sharing of weapons systems, more recently with the theater nuclear force. We've tried to open up friendships with people who were previously adversaries of ours, or at least not friendly-with China, for instance, without destroying the trade relationships and the friendships that exist between ourselves and Taiwan. We've strengthened our military presence in the North Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea. And we are now exploring the possibility of establishing military facilities there to serve our airplanes and our ships in the Persian Gulf region. We've recommitted ourselves to the capability of Pakistan to successfully defend itself. We've had, I think, a major step forward in the Mideast peace negotiations, to remove the animosity that previously debilitated to some degree Israel and Egypt, as they look upon each other as enemies rather than friends. And these kinds of things will continue in the future. We are consulting very closely with our allies. When our hostages were seized, when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, the first step I took was to consult with other like-minded nations to deal with these threats to peace and with international terrorism. But it would be ill-advised, I think, for me to specify particular things that we are talking to them about now. We are trying to carry out the United Nations desire, as expressed by overwhelming votes, in dealing with both these matters; and to strengthen countries that might be threatened; and to alleviate tensions that exist because of the Soviet invasion and the capture of our hostages. But as far as specific commitments, it would be better not to speak about them until we can permit the other allies to speak for themselves. Q. Could I just follow that up briefly? Do you think the Soviet Union has been surprised by the reaction to theirTHE PRESIDENT. My opinion is that they have been surprised not only by the trade restraints that I have imposed but also by the overwhelming condemnation voted by the U.N. I think the Soviets felt that they could take this action with just a minimal adverse reaction. I consider it to be more serious than their suppression of the uprising, for instance, in Czechoslovakia 10 or 11 years ago, in 1969, because this was an independent country, a nonaligned country, a deeply religious country that the Soviets went into with invading forces and subjugated. This is quite a radical departure from what they had done in the years since the Second World War. And it has much greater strategic implications for us, with its threat to Pakistan, with its threat to Iran, with its threat to 90 percent of the exportable oil supplies in the world. And my belief is, based on evidence, that the Soviets have been somewhat chastened and surprised by the strong reaction in the other nations in the 91 Jan. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 world, as exemplified by the U.N. vote, and also that other countries have rallied along with us to lead action that would restrain the Soviets repeating this in the future. I don't know what the future holds, but I'm resolved not to back off on our commitment to hold the Soviets responsible for what they've done. GRAIN SALES EMBARGO Q. Mr. President, I'm from Iowa, Sioux City-27 miles from Lemars. Secretary Bergland THE PRESIDENT. Would you like to take my seat at the head of the table? [Laughter] Q. Secretary Bergland just returned from a rather extensive trip into Iowa, talking about the grain embargo. What type of report did he give to you upon his return to Washington? THE PRESIDENT. To simplify an answer I'd say two things: one, the evident interest of the Iowa farmers in my administration's commitment not to let them suffer because of the interruption of grain sales to the Soviet Union-and Bergland's belief is that he adequately reassured them, as evidenced by the stability of the present grain market; secondly, the high degree of patriotism and support that was evident among the Iowa people for the action that we took against the Soviet Union. ENERGY POLICY Q. You and other people seem to have had a tough time persuading the American people that there really is an energy crisis and that they really ought to do something about it in terms of conservation. It seemed that immediately after the hostages were taken in Iran that there would have been support to take really drastic conservation methods, in cutting back our imports of petroleum. Why wasn't such an effort undertaken at that time? THE PRESIDENT. Well, the effort is ongoing. I can only take action commensurate with my authority. The Congress now has three major bills that are being considered that will conclude the major portion of a comprehensive energy policy that I think will be almost adequate. All three of those bills have passed the House and the Senate. All three of those bills are in separate conference committees for final resolution, and I anticipate that they will be adequate enough for my signature. There is one unmet need, and that is authority that I must have for the imposition of gasoline rationing. The present bill does authorize the Secretary of Energy to prepare a rationing plan, and he's working on that fervently. But the law as presently passed, which I signed this past year, requires that there be a 20-percent shortage of gasoline before rationing is imposed. A 20-percent shortage of gasoline in our country would be quite damaging to our economy, so I would like to remove that 20-percent requirement.. We have had the first evidence that the new energy policy is being effective. Now, for instance, gasoline consumption in our Nation is about 7 or 8 percent less than it was a year ago. There's been an almost radical turning away of American motorists from the very large, wasteful automobiles toward more efficient automobiles, as you know. And in fact, in 1979 we imported 5 percent less oil than the previous year-that's the total crude oil importedwhich was contrary to a spiraling increase which had been evident in years before that. With the decontrol of natural gas being assured over a long, carefully phased period of time, we've had much more plentiful supplies of natural gas throughout the Nation, more production and more plentiful supplies. And the phased decon 92 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 16 trol of oil, in my opinion, will enhance the production of domestic oil. We now have more oil drilling rigs, natural gas drilling rigs combined, in operation than we've had in the last 21 years. And I think there's a new sense of urgency extant in the Nation, which will be mirrored in the Congress, because of the Iranian and Afghanistan threats. So, I believe that we are now doing about as much as can be done. But Congress must act expeditiously and give me additional authority to ration gas if I consider it to be necessary. 1980 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN Q. Mr. President, Senator Kennedy has been quoted in Iowa, after the Des Moines Register-Tribune came out with 57 percent in favor of you, as saying you would have to win by 57 or it would be a bad defeat. [Laughter] Closer to home, in New Hampshire, he said a winner is the person who wins. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. Now, I'm from Massachusetts, and I'd just like to know how much do you think he's going to have to win by in Massachusetts to show he's a winner close to home. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. I think he made the more accurate analysis closer to home. I don't know. To me the election results have always been an indication of who won: the one who gets the most delegates or the most votes ordinarily is considered to be the one who wins. I don't know how to comment any further than that. I don't know what's going to happen in Iowa. I don't know what's going to happen in Massachusetts or New Hampshire. We'll just have to judge each one as it comes. Q. Are you hopeful, Mr. President? THE PRESIDENT. Oh, yes. I've always been confident. [Laughter] CUBAN TROOP ACTIVITY Q. I'm Bill Bayer from Miami. A number of us in south Florida keep looking just a hundred-odd miles away, and there's Castro still exporting his troops for the Russians. And there-in fact, what triggered my question was a cartoon in the Miami News, from the Dayton Daily News, that shows you calling Brezhnev. And you ask Brezhnev on the phone, "Why are Russian troops invading Afghanistan?" And Brezhnev says, "All the Cubans were busy." [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I saw that. Q. But the point is that Castro is still exporting his revolution to Grenada. That was one of the votes against us in the U.N., right, and Cuba? And he's got his cherished squads in Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Salvador, Nicaragua, Jamaica, as far as we know, Panama, all over. The thought keeps occurring to a number of us who live down there next to Castro: why can't we blockade Cuba until the Russians, say, they can't get in, they can't get out until Castro brings his troops home. And then the Russians will have to send their own troops in place of Castro's troops-and are wondering about why we can't. THE PRESIDENT. Well, a blockade is really-I think it would be considered the same as a declaration of war against Cuba. As you know, we imposed a blockade temporarily, began to impose one. when the Russian missiles were there, early in the 1960's. And then we withdrew the blockade when the Russian missiles designed to attack our own country were removed, retaining thereafter an embargo of trade with Cuba. I'm also concerned about Cuba's adventurism, not only in Latin America but in Africa, in Angola, and also, as you know, in the northeastern corner of Africa, in the Horn, particularly in Ethiopia. But 93 Jan. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I don't believe it would be advisable for us to try to establish a blockade around Cuba. This, I think, would be unwarranted at the present time. My own sense about Cuba is not one of fear, but one of deep concern, and the arousing of public opinion against Cuba. Cuba had a very severe setback, in my opinion, when they failed to get even the full support of the nonaligned countries in their effort to be a member of the Security Council. And we have, I think, the right attitude toward Cuba and the Soviet Union. One is a deep concern about Cuba's effort to intrude in other countries; an awareness of their limited success in this hemisphere, because people know them by their stripes; and third, a decision which I have perpetuated from previous Presidents, that we not go to war with Cuba by trying to impose a blockade around them. Q. In following up on that, do you think then that Cuba will ever bring its troops home? THE PRESIDENT. I don't know. Angola, for instance, the leaders of Angola, both the present President and the previous one, Neto, who died, said that when Namibia was given its independence, and South African troops got away from their southern border, then the need for Cuban troops would no longer be extant. You can take that or leave it. I'm not convinced that that's an accurate analysis, but I think that the likelihood of Cuba as to having an early withdrawal of their troops and bringing them home is unlikely. My hope is that the countries that have welcomed into their borders Cuban troops and have signed the so-called peace and friendship agreements with the Soviet Union have seen in the Afghanistan situation the threat to their own independence. I don't think that it's accurate to say that Angola is an independent country as long as they've got thirty or forty thousand Cuban troops there. And I don't think that Ethiopia has any sure belief any longer that if they wanted Russian and Cuban troops to leave that they would indeed leave. My belief is and my hope is that many of the nonaligned countries that previously did give support to Castro and quite often voted, almost always, with the Soviet Union and against the Western democratic nations have now reversed themselves, because they see that the real threat to them is not democracy, it's not freedom, but it's the totalitarian influence of Cuba and the Soviet Union. I believe the other nations of the world are learning their lesson-the hard way, in the case of Afghanistan. But it has been a very vivid lesson that I think will lessen in the future the willingness of those countries to have Cuban troops within their borders. Ms. BARIO. Thank you, sir. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. We have just a moment. As you all leave I'd like to stand by the door and shake hands and thank everyone for coming, and maybe get a photograph. NOTE: The interview began at 1: 35 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary. The transcript of the interview was released on January 16. Customs Valuation Agreement Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate on an Amendment to the Agreement. January 16,1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) During 1979 we achieved a remarkable series of improvements in the inter 94 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 1 6 national rules for the conduct of trade, domestic legislation governing trade policy, and the organization of the Executive branch trade policy agencies. These successes were the result of a cooperative effort between the Congress and the Executive which must be continued if we are going to conduct successfully our international economic policy. At the end of the Tokyo Round of the Multilateral Trade Negotiations last year, we had not yet completed negotiations with a significant number of developing countries on the Customs Valuation Agreement. Despite this fact, we decided to submit the Customs Valuation Agreement to the Congress together with the other nontariff barrier codes for approval. Negotiations with developing countries have continued, however, and have reached a point such that I can now notify the Congress of my intention to enter into a supplementary agreement on customs valuation. The new agreement would make a minor amendment to the Customs Valuation Agreement already approved by the Congress. This amendment would eliminate one of the four tests under the Agreement by which related parties can establish a transaction value for customs purposes, i.e., the use of the transaction value from unrelated parties' sales of identical goods from third countries (Article 1.2 (b) (iv) ). This amendment will have little impact on the Customs Valuation Agreement but will greatly facilitate acceptance of that Agreement by a significant number of developing countries. All the developed country signatories to the Agreement support the amendment. In accordance with the Trade Act of 1974 procedures for approval and implementation of trade agreements, the United States Trade Representative and other appropriate agencies will consult with Congressional committees about the agreement for the next 90 calendar days. After the agreement has been signed it will be submitted for Congressional approval together with proposed implementing legislation and a statement of administrative action necessary or appropriate to implement the agreement in the United States. The agreement will not take effect with respect to the United States, and will not have domestic legal force, unless the Congress approves it and enacts the appropriate implementing legislation. Congressional approval of the amendment to the Customs Valuation Agreement will help us obtain broader support for the Tokyo Round agreements by developing countries. This result will advance our national interest and enhance the prosperity of our people. I look forward to working together in this continuing effort. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:15 p.m., January 16, 1980] NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. The text is also printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of January 18, 1980. Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation Designation of Thomas F. Murphy as Acting Chairman. January 16,1980 The President today announced that he has designated Thomas F. Murphy as Acting Chairman of the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation, replacing the late Joseph Danzansky. 95 Jan. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Murphy, 70, is chairman of the Masonry Industry Committee. He was president of the Bricklayers International Union from 1966 to 1979. Price Controls on Heavy Crude Oil Executive Order 12189. January 16,1980 DEFINITION OF HEAVY OIL By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.), and in order to provide that certain oil is exempt from price controls on and after August 17, 1979, and that other oil is exempt on and after December 21, 1979, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order No. 12153 of August 17, 1979, as amended by Executive Order No. 12186 of December 21, 1979, is amended to read as follows: "1-101. Prices charged in the first sale of heavy crude oil are exempted from price controls adopted pursuant to the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended. This exemption shall only apply to heavy crude oil as it is defined, and for the time period to which the definition is applicable, as set forth in this Order.". "1-102. Effective August 17, 1979 through December 20, 1979, "heavy crude oil' means all crude oil produced from a property, but only if, during the last month prior to July 1979 in which crude oil was produced and sold from that property, such crude oil had a weighted aver age gravity of 16.0~ API or less, corrected to 60~ Fahrenheit.". "1-103. Effective December 21, 1979 and thereafter, 'heavy crude oil' means all crude oil produced from a property, but only if, during the last month prior to July 1979 in which crude oil was produced and sold from that property, such crude oil had a weighted average gravity of 20.0~ API or less, corrected to 60~ Fahrenheit.". "1-104. The Secretary of Energy may, pursuant to Executive Order No. 11790, as amended by Executive Order No. 12038, adopt such regulations as he deems necessary to implement this Order.". JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 16, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:16 p.m., January 16, 1980] National Council on Educational Research Nomination of Five Members. January 16, 1980 The President today announced five persons whom he will nominate as members of the National Council on Educational Research for terms expiring September 30, 1981. They are: TOMAS A. ARCINIEGA, dean of the School of Education of San Diego State University, for reappointment; JON L. HARKNESS, of Wausau, Wis., a science specialist and physics teacher with the school district of Wausau; HAROLD L. ENARSON, president of Ohio State University; BARBARA S. UEHLING, chancellor and professor of psychology at the University of MissouriColumbia; BERNARD C. WATSON, vice president for academic affairs at Temple University. 96 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 17 Import Relief for the Porcelainon-Steel Cookware Industry Proclamation 4713. January 16, 1980 TEMPORARY DUTY INCREASE ON THE IMPORTATION INTO THE UNITED STATES OF CERTAIN NONELECTRIC COOKING WARE OF STEEL By the President of the United States A Proclamation 1. Pursuant to section 201(d)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974 (the Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2251 (d)(1)), the United States International Trade Commission (USITC), on November 5, 1979, reported to the President (USITC Report 201-39) the results of its investigation under section 201 (b) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2251(b)). The USITC determined that nonelectric cooking ware of steel, enameled or glazed with vitreous glasses, is being imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause of serious injury, or the threat thereof, to the domestic industry producing articles like or directly competitive with the imported articles. The subject articles are now provided for in item 654.02 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202) (formerly provided for in item 653.97, TSUS). The USITC recommended the imposition of additional duties on imports of the above specified articles. 2. On January 2, 1980, pursuant to section 202(b) (1) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2252(b) (1)), and after taking into account the considerations specified in section 202(c) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2252 (c)), I determined to remedy or prevent the injury or threat thereof, found to exist by the USITC, by proclaiming a temporary duty increase. On January 2, 1980, in accordance with sec tion 203(b)(1) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253 (b) (1)), I transmitted a report to the Congress setting forth my determination and intention to proclaim a temporary duty increase and stating the reasons why my decision differed from the action recommended by the USITC. 3. Section 503(c) (2) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2463(c) (2)) provides that no article shall be eligible for purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) for any period during which such article is the subject of any action proclaimed pursuant to section 203 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253). 4. Section 203(e) (1) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253(e)(1)) requires that import relief be proclaimed and take effect within 15 days after the import relief determination date. 5. Pursuant to section 203 (a) (1) and 203(e) (1) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253(a) (1) and 2253(e) (1)), I am providing import relief through the temporary increase of the import duty on certain nonelectric cooking ware of steel, as hereinafter proclaimed. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, including General Headnote 4 of the TSUS (19 U.S.C. 1202), section 604 and section 203 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2483; and 19 U.S.C. 2253), and in accordance with Articles I and XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (61 Stat. (pt. 5) A12 and 61 Stat. (pt. 5) A58; 8 UST (pt. 2) 1786), do proclaim that(1) Part I of Schedule XX to the GATT is modified to conform to the actions taken as set forth in the Annex to this proclamation. (2) Subpart A, part 2 of the Appendix to the TSUS is modified as set 97 be- ~-U-* lr~rr lrl-~~l*ll Jan. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 forth in the Annex to this proclamation. (3) GSP eligibility is suspended for the nonelectric cooking ware of steel classified under TSUS item 923.60 as added by the Annex to this proclamation for such time as the import relief provided for therein is in effect. (4) This proclamation shall be effective as to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after January 17, 1980, and before the close of January 16, 1984, unless the period of its effectiveness is earlier expressly suspended, modified or terminated. (5) The Commissioner of Customs shall take such action as the U.S. Trade Representative shall direct in the implementation and administration of the import relief herein proclaimed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:05 p.m., January 17, 1980] NOTE: The annex is printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of January 18, 1980. The proclamation was announced on January 17. Department of the Army Nomination of Robert Harry Spiro, Jr., To Be Under Secretary. January 17, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Robert Harry Spiro, Jr., of Jacksonville, Fla., to be Under Secretary of the Army. He would replace Walter LaBerge, resigned. Spiro has been president of Jacksonville University since 1964. He was born December 5, 1920, in Asheville, N.C. He received a B.S. from Wheaton College in 1941 and a Ph. D. from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland) in 1950. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1941 to 1945. From 1946 to 1950, Spiro was an associate professor of history at King College in Bristol, Tenn. From 1950 to 1957, he was a professor of history at Mississippi College. He was president of Blue Ridge Assembly, Inc., in 1960. From 1960 to 1964, he was dean of the College of Liberal Arts and professor of history at Mercer University, Macon, Ga. As president of Jacksonville University, Spiro has overseen its expansion from a junior college to a liberal arts university, with large increases in numbers of faculty, volumes in the library, buildings, and programs available. Department of the Navy Nomination of Robert J. Murray To Be Under Secretary. January 17, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Robert J. Murray, of Alexandria, Va., to be Under Secretary of the Navy. He would replace Robert James Woolsey, Jr., resigned. Murray has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs since 1978. He was born August 30, 1934, in Marlborough, Mass. He received a B.S. from Suffolk University in 1961 and an M.P.A. from Harvard University in 1966. From 1969 to 1972, Murray was political attache at the American Embassy in London. From 1973 to 1975, he was Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense. From 1975 to 1976, he 98 III Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 17 was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. From 1977 to 1978, Murray was a consultant to the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Meeting With Vice President Muhammad Husni Mubarak of Egypt White House Statement. January 17, 1980 The President and Vice President Mubarak met for 30 minutes in the Oval Office and covered a wide range of issues, focusing primarily on the situation in the Middle East and Southwest Asia. Vice President Mubarak briefed the President on the recent Aswan meeting between President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin. The President discussed the forthcoming visit to the Middle East of Ambassador Linowitz. The President and Vice President Mubarak stressed the importance they place on sustained movement in the autonomy talks within the framework of the Camp David accords. The President and Vice President Mubarak expressed their shared abhorrence of the Soviet attack on the religious and nationalist-minded Muslim people of Afghanistan. The President expressed his gratitude for Egypt's friendship and cooperation. West-to-East Crude Oil Transportation System White House Statement on the President's Approval of the Pipeline System. January 17, 1980 Pursuant to the congressional directive expressed in Title V of the Public Utility and Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, the President is required to evaluate a number of criteria and consult with various Federal agency heads in order to determine whether any of the applicants for a crude oil transportation system that would serve Northern Tier and inland States is in the national interest. Based on his concern for the potential crude oil supply deficiencies in the Northern Tier States and economic and energy security factors, the President has decided that a west-toeast transportation system is in the national interest. The President has decided to accept the recommendation of Secretary of the Interior Andrus and approve the proposal of the Northern Tier Pipeline Company, for purposes of Sections 508, 509, 510, and 511 of Title V. These sections confer special procedural and other opportunities on Northern Tier while it seeks the financial backing and throughput agreements to permit the system's construction. If Northern Tier is unable to secure adequate financial support within a year from the date of the President's approval, or 6 months following the Washington State Energy Facility Siting and Evaluation Council's decision (if it is favorable), whichever is longer, the Trans Mountain Oil Pipeline Corporation will be given an opportunity to take advantage of the same Title V provisions and secure financing for its proposed system. Trans Mountain's proposal is an attractive alternative which also, on balance, would be in the public interest. Although it does not yet have formal Canadian Energy Board approval, it will require fewer permits in the United States and thus has less need for Title V treatment. This decision has been made following a thorough review and analysis of reports prepared by the Department of the Interior, the Department of Energy, the Federal Trade Commission, and the 99 Jan. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Council on Environmental Quality, as well as consultations with the Secretaries of the Interior, Energy, and Transportation, and the Canadian Government. This process has also involved substantial public input over the last several months and congressional consultations. The President's approval of the Northern Tier Pipeline system confers the opportunity to obtain an expedited review and issuance of permits, and limited judicial review. It does not assure the ultimate construction of either the Northern Tier or Trans Mountain proposal. The Federal Government will not be financing or constructing these proposed pipelines. No Federal funds are or will be involved. The ultimate decision as to whether or not a west-to-east crude oil transportation system will be constructed cannot be made by the President, but will be a decision arrived at solely by private financial markets. The proper role of the Federal Government in this case is to make certain that public concerns are being looked after, specifically those concerns related to the environment, national energy and economic security, and the maintenance of competitive markets. During the last several months, the Government has ensured that the major issues of the public welfare have been properly addressed. The President's selection of the Northern Tier proposal is based on the public interest concerns we have mentioned. The system routing could move Alaskan, California, and foreign crude oil to Northern Tier refineries which will in the next decade suffer a deficit in refinery stock without additional transportation capacity. This proposal is the only one which has the advantage of a capability to transport indigenous Northern Tier oil from the Williston Basin and Overthrust Belt areas. The Northern Tier proposal provides the greatest energy transportation flexi bility since it not only can receive oil from the greatest number of sources, but it also possesses the largest volume capacity. The location of the line entirely within the United States also provides a national security advantage. The Northern Tier could be operational sooner than any other proposal and would provide employment for thousands of Americans as well as spurring business opportunity and enhancing local tax bases. The Canadian Government strongly supported the all-land Northwest Energy Company (Foothills) proposal. Secretary Andrus recommended that the President not approve the Foothills all-land proposal, because it is the least flexible alternative system in view of the fact that it relies entirely on Alaskan crude oil and was not economically viable. The President agreed with that assessment and so informed the Canadian Government. Canada then informed us of its strong support (subject to approval of the Canadian Energy Board) for the Trans Mountain system and strongly urged its approval. The President's approval of the Northern Tier proposal is conditional on one significant system modification: the pipeline company will be required to make the pipeline physically available to the four major Puget Sound refineries by constructing the necessary connecting lines. The Justice Department questions the President's authority to require a hookup. Therefore the President strongly urges the refineries to agree to this hookup, because it will significantly reduce tanker traffic in the interior of the Sound and thus diminish significant potential environmental hazards to both American and Canadian waters and their rich marine resources. If necessary, the administration will support legislation to achieve this condition. 100 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 198Jn Jan. 18 If the Trans Mountain proposal is eventually approved for purposes of Title V, the conditions that have been specified concerning the pipeline hookup to the refineries and affirmative action plans will be applicable. In his initial recommendation to the President Secretary Andrus proposed that the Northern Tier Pipeline Company's approval be conditioned on the relocation of the port facility to some point west of Port Angeles, based on environmental concerns. After Secretary Andrus' initial recommendation, several facts came to his attention which convinced him that Port Angeles may be as acceptable a location for a marine terminal as any potential site westward of that location. The Environmental Protection Agency agrees with this finding. While the Washington Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council may properly find that relocation of the port is necessary, we will not impose such a condition. Prior to issuance of any right-of-way, the President is also requesting the Secretary of the Interior to ensure, by stipulation in the grant of right-of-way, if necessary, that the integrity of the Dungeness Spit and the Dungeness Spit National Wildlife Refuge is maintained. The President has also determined that it is in the national interest to require the Northern Tier Pipeline Company to assure equal opportunity, through affirmative action in employment and business participation by minorities. The President's decision in no way preempts the laws of any State in which the Northern Tier pipeline proposal crosses. Nor should this decision be viewed as preemptive of the ongoing deliberations of the Washington Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council, particularly with respect to the port location. There is a high degree of uncertainty in regard to the economic factors to be considered in arriving at a decision to build a west-to-east crude oil pipeline. For example, both the size of crude oil deficits that Northern Tier refineries will experience and the size of the west coast surplus of Alaska North Slope, California, and foreign crude oil are in question. It is unlikely that additional study or analysis of these economic uncertainties by Federal agencies will provide reliable answers. These are ultimately factors the private financing markets must take into account. We are submitting the report prepared by the Department of the Interior describing the findings for each of the criteria specified in Title V. It is now time for the marketplace to determine whether a major west-to-east pipeline will be constructed. The Department of the Interior, under the able leadership of Secretary Andrus, will implement this decision and ensure that the conditions specified are carried out. Import Relief for the Anhydrous Ammonia Industry Proclamation 4714. January 18, 1980 TEMPORARY DUTY INCREASE ON THE IMPORTATION INTO THE UNITED STATES OF CERTAIN ANHYDROUS AMMONIA FROM THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation 1. Pursuant to sections 406(c), 202, and 203 of the Trade Act of 1974 (the Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2436(c), 2252 and 2253), I hereby find that there are reasonable grounds to believe, with respect to imports of anhydrous ammonia from 101 Jan. 18 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) provided for in items 417.22 and 480.65 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS), that market disruption exists with respect to articles produced by a domestic industry and that emergency action is necessary. 2. Recent events have altered the international economic conditions under which I made my determination that it was not in the national interest to impose import relief on anhydrous ammonia from the U.S.S.R. as recommended by the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) on October 11, 1979. However, the factual basis upon which USITC made its determination of market disruption still exists. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, including sections 604, 406 (c), 202 and 203 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2483, 2436(c), 2252, and 2253), do proclaim that(1) Subpart A, part 2 of the Appendix to the TSUS is modified as set forth in the Annex to this proclamation. (2) This proclamation shall be effective as to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after the third day following the date of publication of this Proclamation in the FEDERAL REGISTER and shall remain in effect for one year unless the period of its effectiveness is earlier expressly suspended, modified or terminated, but in any event not longer than authorized by section 406 (c) of the Trade Act. (3) The Commissioner of Customs shall take such action as the U.S. Trade Representative shall direct in the implementation and administration of the import relief herein proclaimed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have here unto set my hand this eighteenth day of January in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:44 p.m., January 18, 1980] NOTE: The annex is printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of January 21, 1980. Import Relief for the Anhydrous Ammonia Industry Letter to the Chairman of the United States International Trade Commission. January 18,1980 Dear Madam Chairman: Pursuant to section 406 (c) of the Trade Act of 1974, I have today found that there are reasonable grounds to believe that market disruption exists with respect to imports of anhydrous ammonia, provided for in items 417.22 and 480.65 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. I therefore request that you initiate an investigation on such articles under section 406 (a) of the Trade Act of 1974. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER [The Honorable Catherine M. Bedell, Chairman, International Trade Commission, Washington, D.C. 20436] Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. 102 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 January 12 The President met at the White House with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. January 14 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Marvin S. Cohen, Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board. The White House announced that the President received the report of the Emergency Board that he appointed on December 14, 1979, to investigate the Long Island Railroad Company labor dispute and has expressed his appreciation to the Board for its diligent efforts during the last 30 days. He has directed the National Mediation Board to resume its efforts immediately to mediate the dispute and to bring the parties to a resolution of their differences as quickly as possible. January 15 The President met at the White House with: -David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs; -Mr. Moore; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The President attended a Requiem Mass for George Meany at St. Matthews Cathedral. January 16 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Vice Mayor Jessie Rattley of New port News, Va., president of the National League of Cities; -Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski. The White House announced that at President Carter's invitation, Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of the Federal Republic of Germany will pay an official visit to Washington on March 5 for meetings with the President and other top administration officials. Chancellor Schmidt's visit will provide an opportunity for him and the President to review recent international developments and to coordinate the United States and FRG policies regarding problems of mutual interest. Recent developments in Southwest Asia, and in particular the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the continuing crisis in Iran, will be subjects of particular interest. Chancellor Schmidt will be accompanied by Mrs. Schmidt. Chancellor Schmidt and President Carter most recently met in Washington in June 1979 during the Chancellor's private visit to the United States. The President paid a state visit to the Federal Republic in July 1978 and Chancellor Schmidt paid an official visit to the United States in July 1977. January 17 The President met at the White House with Dr. Brzezinski. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Oklahoma in the East Room at the White House. The White House announced that President Carter and Australian Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser have agreed to meet in Washington on January 31 to discuss the changed and dangerous situation in Southwest Asia. The Australian 103 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Government has strongly supported efforts to demonstrate to the Soviet Union the very serious consequences of its actions in Afghanistan. Because both of our Governments believe that this Soviet aggression has far-reaching implications, consultations at the highest levels of government are necessary and desirable. January 18 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Jordan. The President has appointed Secretary of the Treasury G. William Miller as a member of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. The President went to the National Naval Medical Center for his annual physical examination. He then went to Camp David, Md., for a weekend stay. Rear Adm. William M. Lukash, USN, Physician to the President, later announced that the President remains in excellent health. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE NOTE: No nominations were submitted to the Senate during the period covered by this issue. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. CHECKLIST-Continued Released January 13, 1980 Advance text: remarks at the opening session of the White House Conference on Small Business Released January 14, 1980 Fact sheet: message to the Congress on small business Announcement: report of the Emergency Board to investigate the Long Island Railroad Company labor dispute Released January 15, 1980 Announcement: nomination of Filemon B. Vela to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Texas Released January 17, 1980 News conference: on the President's decision concerning the west-to-east crude oil transportation system-by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus Fact sheet: west-to-east crude oil transportation system Released January 18, 1980 Statement: results of the President's physical examination-by Rear Adm. William M. Lukash, USN, Physician to the President Announcement: meeting of Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Counsel to the President Lloyd N. Cutler, and Deputy Counsel Joe Onek with Robert Kane, president, and Col. F. Donald Miller, executive director, U.S. Olympic Committee, to discuss U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT NOTE: No acts approved by the President were received by the Office of the Federal Register during the period covered by this issue. 104 I " Week Ending Friday, January 25, 1980 William 0. Douglas Statement on the Death of the Former Supreme Court Associate Justice. January 19, 1980 William 0. Douglas was a lionlike defender of individual liberty. He was fiercely certain that the simple words of the Bill of Rights were meant to protect the humblest citizen from any exercise of arbitrary power, and he never deviated from that passionate conviction. Justice Douglas served on the Supreme Court for more than 36 years-longer than any Justice in American history. For all that time, individual freedom in this country had no mightier champion. As he wrote in more than one of his many opinions, "The essential scheme of our Constitution and Bill of Rights was to take Government off the backs of people." Justice Douglas loved the outdoors with the same intensity he brought to his love of political liberty. He defended the natural and the constitutional heritage of his country with equal vigor. On the Supreme Court bench or in the mountains, William 0. Douglas breathed the bracing air of freedom. As a token of national mourning, I am ordering that the flag of our country be flown at halfstaff on all installations of the United States Government. Rosalynn and I extend our deepest sympathy to Justice Douglas' wife Cathy, his sister Martha, and to his children and grandchildren. With his colleagues on the Court and all his fellow citizens, we mourn his passing. NOTE: On January 23, the President attended memorial services for Justice Douglas at National Presbyterian Church. William 0. Douglas Proclamation 4715. January 19, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation William 0. Douglas served on the Supreme Court longer than any Justice in American history-more than 36 years. During all that time, individual freedom in this country had no mightier champion. As he wrote in more than one of his opinions, "The essential scheme of our Constitution and Bill of Rights was to take Government off the backs of people." The freedom which Justice Douglas cherished-and which he struggled to preserve for all Americans-faces constant testing. Now, as our Nation gathers to meet yet another test, it is fitting that we pause to honor William Douglas and to remember his many contributions to our country. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me, do hereby proclaim that, as a mark of respect to the memory of William 0. Douglas and his numerous contributions to our Nation, the flag of the United States shall 105 Jan. 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 be flown at half-staff on all buildings, grounds and naval vessels of the Federal Government in the District of Columbia and throughout the United States and its Territories and possessions until his interment. I also direct that the flag shall be flown at half-staff for the same length of time at all United States embassies, legations, consular offices, and other facilities abroad, including all military facilities and naval vessels and stations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of January in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:33 a.m., January 21, 1980] 1980 Summer Olympics Letter to the President of the U.S. Olympic Committee on the Games To Be Held in Moscow. January 20,1980 To Robert Kane As President of this nation and as Honorary President of the United States Olympic Committee, I write to advise you of my views concerning the Games of the XXII Olympiad scheduled to be held in Moscow this Summer. I regard the Soviet invasion and the attempted suppression of Afghanistan as a serious violation of international law and an extremely serious threat to world peace. This invasion also endangers neighboring independent countries and access to a major part of the world's oil supplies. It therefore threatens our own national security, as well as the security of the region and the entire world. We must make clear to the Soviet Union that it cannot trample upon an independent nation and at the same time do business as usual with the rest of the world. We must make clear that it will pay a heavy economic and political cost for such aggressions. That is why I have taken the severe economic measures announced on January 4, and why other free nations are supporting these measures. That is why the United Nations General Assembly, by an overwhelming vote of 104 to 18, condemned the invasion and urged the prompt withdrawal of Soviet troops. I want to reaffirm my own personal commitment to the principles and purposes of the Olympic movement. I believe in the desirability of keeping Government policy out of the Olympics, but deeper issues are at stake. In the Soviet Union international sports competition is itself an aspect of Soviet government policy, as is the decision to invade Afghanistan. The head of the Moscow Olympic Organizing Committee is a high Soviet Government official. The Soviet Government attaches enormous political importance to the holding of the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow, and if the Olympics are not held in Moscow because of Soviet military aggression in Afghanistan, this powerful signal of world outrage cannot be hidden from the Soviet people, and will reverberate around the globe. Perhaps it will deter future aggression. I therefore urge the USOC, in cooperation with other National Olympic Committees, to advise the International Olympic Committee that if Soviet troops do not fully withdraw from Afghanistan within the next month, Moscow will become an unsuitable site for a festival meant to celebrate peace and good will. Should the Soviet Union fail to withdraw its troops 106 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 20 within the time prescribed above, I urge the USOC to propose that the Games either be transferred to another site such as Montreal or to multiple sites, or be cancelled for this year. If the International Olympic Committee rejects such a USOC proposal, I urge the USOC and the Olympic Committees of other like-minded nations not to participate in the Moscow Games. In this event, if suitable arrangements can be made, I urge that such nations conduct alternative games of their own this summer at some other appropriate site or sites. The United States Government is prepared to lend its full support to any and all such efforts. I know from your letter to me and your meeting with Secretary Vance and Lloyd Cutler of your deep concern for the men and women throughout the world who have trained tirelessly in the hopes of participating in the 1980 Olympic Games. I share your concern. I would support the participation of athletes from the entire world at Summer Olympic Games or other games this summer outside the Soviet Union, just as I welcome athletes from the entire world to Lake Placid, for the Winter Olympic Games. I have the deepest admiration and respect for Olympic athletes and their pursuit of excellence. No one understands better than they the meaning of sacrifice to achieve worthy goals. There is no goal of greater importance than the goal at stake here-the security of our nation and the peace of the world. I also urge that the IOC take a further step to eliminate future political competition among nations to serve as hosts for the Olympic Games. I call upon all nations to join in supporting a permanent site for the Summer Olympics in Greece, and to seek an appropriate permanent site for the Winter Olympics. The course I am urging is necessary to help secure the peace of the world at this critical time. The most important task of world leaders, public and private, is to deter aggression and prevent war. Aggression destroys the international amity and goodwill that the Olympic movement attempts to foster. If our response to aggression is to continue with international sports as usual in the capital of the aggressor, our other steps to deter aggression are undermined. The spirit and the very future of the Games depends upon courageous and resolute action at this time. I call for your support and your help in rallying the support of the other Olympic Committees throughout the world. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER [Mr. Robert Kane, President, United States Olympic Committee, Teagle Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850] "Meet the Press" Interview with Bill Monroe, Carl T. Rowan, David Broder, and Judy Woodruff. January 20, 1980 MR. MONROE. Our guest today on "Meet the Press" is the President of the United States, Jimmy Carter. U.S. PARTICIPATION IN SUMMER OLYMPICS Mr. President, assuming the Soviets do not pull out of Afghanistan any time soon, do you favor the U.S. participating in the Moscow Olympics and, if not, what are the alternatives? THE PRESIDENT. No. Neither I nor the American people would support the sending of an American team to Moscow with Soviet invasion troops in Afghanistan. I've 107 Jan. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 sent a message today to the United States Olympic Committee spelling out my own position: that unless the Soviets withdraw their troops within a month from Afghanistan, that the Olympic games be moved from Moscow to an alternate site or multiple sites or postponed or canceled. If the Soviets do not withdraw their troops immediately from Afghanistan within a month, I would not support the sending of an American team to the Olympics. It's very important for the world to realize how serious a threat the Soviets' invasion of Afghanistan is. I do not want to inject politics into the Olympics, and I would personally favor the establishment of a permanent Olympic site for both the summer and the winter games. In my opinion, the most appropriate permanent site for the summer games would be Greece. This will be my own position, and I have asked the U.S. Olympic Committee to take this position to the International Olympic Committee, and I would hope that as many nations as possible would support this basic position. One hundred and four nations voted against the Soviet invasion and called for their immediate withdrawal from Afghanistan in the United Nations, and I would hope as many of those as possible would support the position I've just outlined to you. MR. MONROE. Mr. President, if a substantial number of nations does not support the U.S. position, would not that just put the U.S. in an isolated position, without doing much damage to the Soviet Union? THE PRESIDENT. Regardless of what other nations might do, I would not favor the sending of an American Olympic team to Moscow while the Soviet invasion troops are in Afghanistan. MR. MONROE. Thank you, Mr. Presi dent. Our reporters on "Meet the Press" today are Carl T. Rowan of the Chicago Sun-Times, David S. Broder of the Washington Post, and Judy Woodruff of NBC News. We'll be back with our questions in a minute. [At this point, the program was interrupted for a commercial announcement. Mr. Monroe then resumed speaking as follows:] We'll continue the questions for President Carter with Mr. Rowan. U.S.-SOVIET RELATIONS MR. ROWAN. Mr. President, you spoke earlier of a serious threat to peace. Just how serious is this situation? Are we potentially on the verge of conflict with the Soviet Union? THE PRESIDENT. As I said earlier, Mr. Rowan, this in my opinion is the most serious threat to world peace since the Second World War. It's an unprecedented act on the part of the Soviet Union. It's the first time they have attacked, themselves, a nation that was not already under their domination, that is, a part of the Warsaw Pact neighborhood. They have used surrogate forces, the Cubans, to participate in other countries like Angola or Ethiopia. This is a threat to a vital area of the world. It's a threat to an area of the world where the interests of our country and those interests of our allies are deeply imbedded. More than two-thirds of the total exportable oil that supplies the rest of the world comes from the Persian Gulf region in Southwest Asia. My own assessment is that there have been times in the years gone by that we have had intense competition with the Soviet Union and also an effort for accommodation with the Soviet Union and for consulting with them and working 108 ~- - -- -- -I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 20 with them toward peace. This is an action initiated by the Soviets-and I am still committed to peace, but peace through strength and through letting the Soviets know in a clear and certain way, by action of our own country and other nations, that they cannot invade an innocent country with impunity; they must suffer the consequences. DEFENSE AND FOREIGN POLICY MR. ROWAN. In that connection, Mr. President, your critics say that the Soviets are moving because they've seen weakness on your part. They don't believe you or the American people will fight. If they move into Pakistan or into Iran, will you use military force? THE PRESIDENT. We've not been weak. We've been firm and resolved and consistent and clear in our policy since I've been in the White House. We've had a steady increase in our commitment to the strength of our national defense, as measured by budget levels and also measured by the tone and actions that I have taken and the Congress has taken. We've strengthened our alliances with NATO, both in the buildup of fighting capability and also, lately, in the theater nuclear force response to the Soviet threat with atomic weapons. We've also let it be clear that we favor the resolution of intense differences that have destabilized the Middle East and the Persian Gulf region. The most notable advance has been the peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt, and we have reconfirmed our commitment to Pakistan of 1959. We are committed to consult with Pakistan and to take whatever action is necessary, under the constitutional guidelines that I have to follow as President of our country, to protect the security of Pakistan involving military force, if necessary. In addition to that, we're increasing and will maintain an increased level of naval forces in the northern Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf region. And we are now exploring with some intensity the establishment of facilities for the servicing of our air and naval forces in the northern Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf region. These actions have been initiated ever since I've been in office. They are consistent and clear, and we are concentrating on them now with an increased level of commitment because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. MR. MONROE. Mr. Broder? TIMING OF PRESIDENT'S APPEARANCE ON PROGRAM MR. BRODER. Mr. President, the timing of this appearance the day before the Iowa caucuses suggests a political motive. Why did you accept this appearance when you have refused to appear any place where your challengers could confront you directly? THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Broder, in a time of crisis for our country I believe it's very important for the President not to assume, in a public way, the role of a partisan campaigner in a political contest. Our country is in a state of crisis, and this has been a consistent policy that I have maintained since the Iranians captured and held hostage Americans in Tehran. I do not consider this to be a campaign forum, "Meet the Press," and I'm not here as a partisan candidate. As you well know, we have been presenting my views very clearly to the American people in multiple ways-my own appearances before the press, my briefing of groups in the White House, the sending of surrogates for me to Iowa. I think my positions and the actions that I've taken have been very clear, and my appearance 109 Jan. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 on this show is an opportunity to give you, for instance, a chance to ask me questions about issues that are important to the American people. PRESIDENT'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS MR. BRODER. A colleague of mine printed this question 3 weeks ago, at the time that you canceled out of the Iowa debate, as an example of what you might have been asked, and I'd like to ask it. THE PRESIDENT. Fine. MR. BRODER. With all due respect, we still have 5.8 percent unemployment. Inflation has risen from 4.8 percent to 13 percent. We still don't have a viable energy policy. Russian troops are in Cuba and Afghanistan. The dollar is falling. Gold is rising. And the hostages, after 78 days, are still in Tehran. Just what have you done, sir, to deserve renomination? THE PRESIDENT. Well, since I've been in the White House, I've done everything possible to strengthen our own Nation, not only militarily but economically and politically and, I think, morally and ethically as well. We've strengthened our alliances with our allies, which has been pointed out already on this program. We've dealt not only with peace for our country but peace for others, working with the British in Rhodesia, working with the Egyptians and Israelis in the Middle East. We have tried to expand American friendships among other nations on Earth, notably being successful in retaining our friendship with the people of Taiwan, opening up a new and friendly relationship with the recognition of a fourth of the world's total population in China. We've had, I think, a great improvement in our own Nation's relationships with countries, as expressed by recent United Nations votes. Domestically, I've dealt with the Nation's crises and problems as best I could, working with a Congress that sometimes acts too slowly. Since the first day I've been in office, we've been addressing the most serious threat to our Nation domestically, and that is inflation, tied very closely with energy. Energy is the single most important factor in the increase in the inflation rate since I've been in office. Just in the last 12 months, OPEC has increased energy prices by 80 percent. As a matter of fact, all of the increase, for practical purposes, of the inflation rate since I've been in office has been directly attributable to increase in OPEC oil prices. When I was elected, the prime threat to our country was extremely high unemployment. We've added a net increase of 9 million jobs, and we've cut the unemployment rate down by 25 percent. This has been a very good move toward the strengthening of our Nation's economy. We've cut down our balance of trade deficit. We have seen a very clear increase in net income for Americans above inflation, above taxes paid, of about 7/2 percent. Corporate profits have gone up about 50 percent. And I think our Nation is much more unified. And I believe, in addition to that, there's a greater respect for the integrity and the truthfulness of the Government of our country. So, we've made some progress. I might say that I don't claim to know all the answers. They are not easy questions to address. They are not easy problems to solve. But our country is united. We are struggling with these very difficult and complicated questions, and I think that they need to be pursued further, hopefully in a second term for myself. MR. MONROE. Ms. Woodruff? 110 U- II I II r -r Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 20 U.S. POLICY TOWARD THE SOVIET UNION Ms. WOODRUFF. Mr. President, you said in an interview recently that the invasion of Afghanistan had changed your opinions of the Russians more drastically than anything else since you had been in office. Why did it take almost 3 years for you to discover the true intentions of the Soviet leadership? THE PRESIDENT. I've never doubted the long-range policy or the long-range ambitions of the Soviet Union. The fact that we have consistently strengthened our own Nation's defense, after 15 years of a decrease in commitment to our Nation's defense vis-a-vis the Soviets, is one indication of that. All of the actions that I described earlier-the strengthening of NATO, the movement into the northern Indian Ocean, the search for peace in the Mideast, and so forth-were directly because of the ultimate threat by the Soviet Union to world peace. But it is obvious that the Soviets' actual invasion of a previously nonaligned country, an independent, freedom-loving country, a deeply religious country, with their own massive troops is a radical departure from the policy or actions that the Soviets have pursued since the Second World War. It is a direct threat because Pakistan [Afghanistan],' formerly a buffer state between the Soviet Union and Iran and the world's oil supplies and the Hormuz Straits and the Persian Gulf, has now become kind of an arrow aiming at those crucial strategic regions of the world. So, this is a major departure by the Soviet Union from their previous actions. Their long-range policies have been well understood by me then and still are. MS. WOODRUFF. And yet your admin1 White House correction. istration didn't take any steps to offset the huge increases in the number of Cuban troops in Africa in recent years. Soviet combat troops are still in Cuba today, despite your statement last fall that their presence was not acceptable. In light of this failure to counter Soviet aggression earlier, do you accept any responsibility at all for the Soviet calculation that they could move into Afghanistan with impunity? THE PRESIDENT. Well, the Soviets have seriously misjudged our own Nation's strength and resolve and unity and determination and the condemnation that has accrued to them by the world community because of their invasion of Afghanistan. As you know, Cuban troops went into Angola long before I became President. And the Soviet brigade, about 2,000 to 2,500 troops, have been in Cuba since the early 1960's. There has obviously been a buildup in the Soviet adventurism in the Horn of Africa, in Ethiopia. These moves were of great concern to us. But the point that I would like to make clear is that we have always had a very complicated relationship with the Soviet Union-based on cooperation when we could together move toward a peaceful resolution of the world's problems, like the negotiation of the SALT treaty, and competition with the Soviet Union when our interests were at cross purposes in any region of the world. I think our strength has been clearly demonstrated. The resolve of our Nation has been clearly demonstrated. The support of our allies has been clearly demonstrated, and indeed, the support of the world in the condemnation of the Soviets' recent invasion has also been clearly demonstrated. Times change and circumstances change. Our country has been one that does commit itself to the preservation of 111 Jan. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 peace, but peace through strength, not weakness. That has been our policy. That will still be our policy. AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN MR. MONROE. Mr. President, is there any specific new hope for ending the hostage crisis with Iran? THE PRESIDENT. I can't predict the early end of that situation. The concern that I feel about the hostages today is just as great as it was a month ago or 2 months ago. Our policy on the Iranian capturing of our hostages has been clear and consistent. It's an abhorrent violation of every moral and ethical standard and international law. It's a criminal act: a group of terrorists, kidnapers, seizing innocent victims and holding them for attempted blackmail in an unprecedented way, supported and encouraged by government officials themselves. Our response has been clear: to protect, first of all, the shortterm and long-range interests of our country; secondly, to protect the safety and the lives of the hostages themselves; third, to pursue every possible avenue of the early and safe release of our hostages; fourth, to avoid bloodshed if possible, because I have felt from the very beginning that the initiation of a military action or the causing of bloodshed would undoubtedly result in the death of the hostages; and fifth, and perhaps most difficult of all, is to arouse and to sustain the strong support by the vast majority of nations on Earth for our position as an aggrieved nation and the condemnation of the world for Iran for this direct violation of international law. It's an abhorrent act. I don't know when the hostages will be released, but we will maintain our intense interest in it. We will maintain our commitment to every possible avenue to carry out the policies I've just described to you, and we will maintain, as best we can, the full support of the rest of the world. And that concerted pressure from many sources, including the recent sanctions that we have initiated against Iran, I believe and I hope and I pray will result in the safe release of our hostages. I can't predict exactly when. PROTECTION FOR AMERICAN EMBASSY IN IRAN MR. MONROE. How do you answer criticism, Mr. President, that your administration bungled the admission of the Shah to this country, chiefly by not providing guaranteed protection to the American Embassy in Iran after American diplomats had warned that there might be this kind of trouble and there had been, in fact, a seizure of the Embassy a few months previously? THE PRESIDENT. I don't have any apology at all for letting the Shah come here as an extremely sick personMR. MONROE. What about protection of the Embassy, Mr. President? THE PRESIDENT. -for treatment. The Embassy had been attacked in the past. Embassies around the world are often subjected to attacks. In every instance the Iranian officials had joined with our own people to protect the Embassy of the United States. Following the seizure of the Embassy earlier in the year, we had carried out a substantial program for the strengthening of the Embassy's defenses. After the Shah came here to the United States for treatment, and we notified the Iranian officials of that fact, we were again assured by the Iranian Prime Minister and the Iranian Foreign Minister that the Embassy would be protected. It was, indeed, protected for about 10 days, following which the Ayatollah Khomeini made a very aggressive and abusive 112 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 20 speech. And when it was attacked by militant terrorists, the Iranians, the Iranian Government withdrew their protection for the Embassy. It was an unpredictable kind of thing. This has never been done, so far as I know, in modern history, to have a government support a terrorist act of this kind, the kidnaping of hostages, and the holding of them for attempted blackmail. But there was no stone unturned in our attempt to maintain relations with Iran, which is in our interest, and at the same time to protect our people. MR. MONROE. Mr. Rowan? ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN MR. ROWAN. Mr. President, some of our allies are now saying that Iran already is in chaos and that if the U.S. puts the economic screws on, that country could fall apart and make it easy for the Soviet Union to pick up the pieces. Are you listening to this or are you still going to put the screws on Iran? THE PRESIDENT. That's been a constant concern of mine, Mr. Rowan. What we want is a unified Iran, not fragmented. We want a stable and independent Iran, and we want a secure Iran. But we cannot accept the abhorrent act, supported by the Iranian officials, of the terrorists holding Americans hostage. We have decided to take action against Iran, with the presence of our naval forces to prevent injury to our hostages; and secondly, to impose, with an increasing degree of severity, sanctions against Iran that would encourage them to release the hostages. There has been, obviously, a new element introduced into the Iranian hostage crisis in recent weeks with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. My belief is that many of the responsible officials in Iran now see that this major threat to Iran's security and the peace of Iran is becoming paramount, and that there will be an additional effort on their part to secure the release of the hostages and remove the isolation of Iran from the rest of the civilized world. 4 But I think our actions have been wellconsidered. We have taken every element of caution about the possibility which you describe. And in my judgment, the best thing for Iran to do now is to release the hostages, to seek redress of their alleged grievances in the international fora and the courts of the individual nations, and to begin to strengthen themselves against the possible threat by the Soviets now addressed toward them in Afghanistan. MR. MONROE. We have less than a minute and a half. Mr. Broder? MR. BRODER. In view of what you just said, Mr. President, are you prepared to accept a delay or postponement of the imposition of the economic sanctions against Iran? THE PRESIDENT. No. Those sanctions will be pursued by ourselves, unilaterally, and joined in by as many of our allies as will agree. We have had very acceptable support by our allies in this imposition of sanctions against Iran, and we've had overwhelming support in the International Court of Justice and in the United Nations from many nations who've observed this situation. So, I will not postpone the imposition of sanctions. MR. MONROE. Ms. Woodruff? "MISERY INDEX" Ms. WOODRUFF. Mr. President, in 1976 you castigated the Republicans for what you described as a "misery index" of some 13 percent. That "misery index" is now up to 19 percent. What do you think about it now? 113 Jan. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously, when a nation is in a state of crisis-a deep obsession and concern with the holding of innocent Americans and an acknowledged threat to world peace by a Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, with high inflation brought about by, in my opinion, unwarranted increases in the price of oil-this preys on the mind of Americans. We are taking action, as I've described on this program and previously, to alleviate these concerns, and I believe that the unity of America has been paramount. I believe the future will hold a better prospect for the alleviation of those tensions. MR. MONROE. Thank you, Mr. President, for being with us today on "Meet the Press." NOTE: The interview began at 12 plm. in the NBC studios in Washington, D.C. It was broadcast live on radio and television. Mr. Monroe of NBC News was the moderator for the program. Following the interview, the President returned to Camp David, Md. The State of the Union Annual Message to the Congress. January 21, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: My State of the Union Address will be devoted to a discussion of the most important challenges facing our country as we enter the 1980's. Over the coming year, those challenges will receive my highest priority and greatest efforts. However, there will also be many other significant areas which will receive my personal commitment, as well as that of my Administration, during the 2nd Session of the 96th Congress. It is important that Congress, along with the public, be aware of these other vital areas of concern as they listen to my State of the Union Address. In that way, the context of the Address, and my Administration's full message for 1980, can best be understood. For that reason, I am sending this State of the Union Message to the Congress today, several days before my State of the Union Address. CONGRESS During the last three years, my Administration has developed a very cooperative and productive record with Congress. Landmark legislation has been enacted; major domestic and international problems have been addressed directly and resolved; and a spirit of mutual trust and respect has been restored to ExecutiveLegislative relations. Indeed, in no other three-year period in our recent past has there been a comparable record of progress and achievement for the American people. But much more remains to be done. We cannot afford to rest on our record. We cannot fail to complete the agenda begun in the 1970's; we cannot ignore the new challenges of the 1980's. By continuing to work together, my Administration and the Congress can meet these goals. Our cooperative efforts can help to ensure stable prices and economic growth; a return to energy security; an efficient, responsive government; a strong, unsurpassed defense capability; and world peace. The program that I have placed before the Congress since 1977, combined with the few new initiatives I will be placing before the Congress this year, will enable us to reach these goals. Our task in this Session is to complete the work on that program. I have no doubt that we can do it. There is no time to waste. 114 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 1 RECORD OF PROGRESS When I took office in 1977, our Nation faced a number of serious domestic and international problems: * the economy had still not recovered from the most serious recession since World War II; * unemployment was near 8%, and almost 8 million American workers were unemployed; * no national energy policy existed, and our dependence on foreign oil was rapidly increasing; * public trust in the integrity and openness of the government was extremely low; * the Federal government was operating inefficiently in administering essential programs and policies; * major social problems were being ignored or poorly addressed by the Federal government; * our defense posture was declining as a result of a continuously shrinking defense budget; * the strength of the NATO Alliance was at a post-World War II low; * tensions between Israel and Egypt threatened another Middle East war; and * America's resolve to oppose international aggression and human rights violations was under serious question. Over the past 36 months, clear progress has been made in solving the challenges we found in January of 1977: * the unemployment rate at the end of last year of 5.9%, representing a 25%o decrease in three years; 9 million jobs have been created, and more Americans, 98 million, are at work than at any time in our history; * major parts of a comprehensive energy program have been enacted; a Department of Energy has been established to administer the program; and Congress is on the verge of enacting the remaining major parts of the energy program; * confidence in the government's integrity has been restored, and respect for the government's openness and fairness has been renewed; * the government has been made more effective and efficient: the Civil Service system was completely reformed for the first time this century; 13 reorganization initiatives have been proposed to the Congress, approved, and implemented, two new Cabinet departments have been created to consolidate and streamline the government's handling of energy and education problems; inspectors general have been placed in each Cabinet department to combat fraud, waste and other abuses; zero-based budgeting practices have been instituted throughout the Federal government; cash management reforms have saved hundreds of millions of dollars; the process of issuing regulations has been reformed to eliminate unneeded and incomprehensible regulations; procedures have been established to assure citizen participation in government; and the airline industry has been deregulated, at enormous savings to the consumer. * critical social problems, many long ignored by the Federal government, have been addressed directly and boldly: an urban policy was developed and implemented, reversing the decline in our urban areas; the Food Stamp program has been expanded and the purchase requirement eliminated; the Social Security System was refinanced to put it on a sound financial basis; the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act was enacted; Federal assistance for education was expanded by 75%; the minimum wage was increased to levels needed to ease the effects of inflation; affirmative action has been pursued aggressively-more blacks, Hispanics 115 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and women have been appointed to senior government positions and to judgeships than at any other time in our history; the ERA ratification deadline was extended to aid the ratification effort; and minority business procurement by the Federal government has more than doubled; * the decline in defense spending has been reversed; defense spending has increased at a real rate of over 3% in 1979, and I am proposing a real increase in the defense spending level of more than 20% over the next 5 years; * the NATO Alliance has been revitalized and strengthened through substantially increased resources, new deterrent weapons, and improved coordination; increased emphasis has also been given to conventional force capabilities to meet crises in other areas of the world; * Egypt and Israel have ended more than 30 years of war through a Peace Treaty that also established a framework for comprehensive peace in the Middle East; * the commitment of our Nation to pursue human rights throughout the world, in nations which are friendly and those which are not, has been made clear to all; * our resolve to oppose aggression, such as the illegal invasion of the Soviet Union into Afghanistan, has been supported by tough action. LEGISLATIVE PRIORITIES In the coming legislative session, the last in this Presidential term, I am deeply committed to finishing the agenda that I have placed before the Congress. That agenda has been comprehensive and demanding, but it has also been absolutely essential for our Nation's well-being. I do not plan to add significantly to the agenda this year. Because of the im portance of enacting the proposals already before the Congress, and the relatively short Congressional session facing us, I will be limiting my major new proposals to a critical few: * Youth Employment; * General Revenue Sharing; * Utility Oil Use Reduction; * Nuclear Waste Management and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reorganization; * Standby Gasoline Rationing Plan; and * Initiatives implementing my response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. I am convinced that these new initiatives, along with the major proposals I previously made to the Congress, can be enacted this year, if we have a dedicated, all-out effort on the part of the Administration and the Congress. I pledge such an effort on my part, and that of my Administration. As in the previous three years, I will be working with you toward the basic goals of: * Ensuring our economic strength; * Creating energy security for our nation; * Enhancing basic human and social needs; * Making our government more efficient and effective; * Protecting and enhancing our rights and liberties; * Preserving and developing our natural resources; * Building America's military strength; * Working to resolve international disputes through peaceful means; * Striving to resolve pressing international economic problems; * Continuing to support the building of democratic institutions and protecting human rights; and 116 -"- I I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 * Preventing the spread and further development of nuclear weapons. My highest legislative priorities in each of these areas this year will be: ENSURING ECONOMIC STRENGTH * The FY 1981 Budget-This is a responsible, restrained budget, whose enactment will help control Federal spending, significantly reduce the Federal deficit, and aid in our fight against inflation. * Hospital Cost Containment-This long overdue legislation is a major weapon in our fight against inflation; it will save consumers more billions of dollars and is the single most important antiinflation bill before the Congress. * Youth Education, Training and Employment Program-This new initiative, which is designed to educate and train youth to secure and hold meaningful jobs, will provide enhanced opportunities for disadvantaged youth as well as improve the productivity of our work force. CREATING ENERGY SECURITY FOR OUR NATION * Windfall Profits Tax-The size of this important energy and tax measure has been agreed to by the conferees, but it is imperative that final agreement on a tax reflecting sound energy policy occur at the outset of this session and that Congress act promptly on that agreement. * Energy Mobilization Board-It is also essential that this vital measure in the effort to eliminate unnecessary red tape in the construction of needed energy facilities be agreed to promptly by the conferees and the Congress, without substantive waivers of law. * Energy Security Corporation-The conferees and the Congress also need to act expeditiously on this legislation. This bill is critical to our Nation's beginning a serious, massive program to develop alternative energy fuels so that our dependence on foreign oil can be severely reduced. It is necessary to remove this critical national effort from the constraints which can bind government agencies. This legislation contains, as well, vital energy conservation and gasohol provisions. They are needed if we are to move forward in our national efforts in these areas. * Utility Oil Use Reduction-This new initiative will aid in the effort to reduce our reliance on oil by requiring our Nation's utilities to substantially convert from oil to coal-burning or other energy facilities by our Nation's utilities over a defined timetable. This bill is a key tool in our effort to increase the use of coal, our most abundant natural fuel source. * Standby Gasoline Rationing PlanUnder the legislation enacted last year, I will propose to the Congress a Standby Gasoline Rationing Plan; its prompt approval will be required if we are to be prepared for a significant energy supply interruption. ENHANCING BASIC HUMAN AND SOCIAL NEEDS * National Health Plan-The time for improving the health care provided to our citizens is long overdue, and I am convinced that the health plan I proposed last year provides a realistic, affordable and beneficial way of providing our citizens with the health care they need and deserve. It will provide millions of low-income Americans with health coverage for the first time, improved Medicare coverage for the elderly, and protect every American against the disastrous costs of extended illness. 117 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Our national health effort also needs prompt enactment of two other important bills-Child Health Assurance Program, which will provide needed health care for disadvantaged children, and Mental Health Systems Act, which is needed to reform our mental health programs. * Welfare Reform-Our nation's welfare system remains a disgrace to both the recipient and the taxpayers. It encourages family instability and encourages waste. It is a crazy-quilt of differing provisions from state-to-state. The House has approved a sound welfare reform proposal. I call upon the Senate to act rapidly on this issue so that welfare reform can become a reality in this Session. * General Revenue Sharing-I will propose a reauthorization of this important program to our state and local governments, in order to continue providing them with the funds that they depend upon to meet essential social and operating needs. This program is an essential element of the partnership I have forged with state and local governments and is critical to the continued economic health of our states, cities and counties. * Countercyclical Revenue Sharing-I will again work with the Congress to provide the aid needed to help our most financially pressed local areas. The Senate has already acted and I urge prompt House passage early in the Session. * Low-Income Energy Assistance-I am committed to seeking authority to continue the low-income assistance program enacted at my request last year to give the poor protection against rising energy costs. * Economic Development-This legislation will reauthorize and improve the government's ability to provide economic development assistance. It is a key ingredient in implementing both my urban and rural policy and I urge prompt action on it by the House-Senate Conference. MAKING OUR GOVERNMENT MORE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE * Regulatory Reform-I will continue to pursue efforts to eliminate unnecessary regulatory burdens, and will concentrate on seeking approval this year of my regulatory process reform bill, my trucking and rail deregulation proposals, my banking reform measures, and passage of sunset legislation and communications reform measures. Progress has been made on each of these during the First Session. Final passage should come before this Session ends. * Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reorganization-As I stated in responding to the Kemeny Commission Report, I will propose a reorganization of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order to improve its management and its emergency operating capabilities. This is an essential step to the improvement of safety in the nuclear industry. PROTECTING AND ENHANCING OUR RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES * Equal Rights Amendment-While the Congress has passed the Equal Rights Amendment, and the possibility for ratification now lies with the State Legislatures, it is essential that the Members of Congress help with their State Legislatures. Toward that end, we will be working with Members from States which have not yet been ratified. We cannot stand tall as a Nation seeking to enhance human rights at home so long as we deny it to American women here at home. * Fair Housing-I will continue to press for enactment of this important civil rights initiative; it will enable the government to enforce our fair housing laws effectively and promptly. It is the most critical civil rights legislation before the 118 ( Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 1 Congress in years. The promise of equal housing opportunity has been far too long an empty promise. This bill will help make that promise a reality. * Intelligence Charters-I have already proposed a legislative charter for the FBI; I will soon be proposing a legislative charter for the intelligence community. These charters will protect our citizens' rights while enabling the agencies to meet their responsibilities. PRESERVING AND DEVELOPING OUR NATURAL RESOURCES * Alaska D-2 Lands-My highest environmental priority in this Congress continues to be enactment of legislation that will preserve and protect Alaska lands. I urge the Senate to follow the House's lead in this area. * Oil and Hazardous Wastes Superfund-This program is needed to mitigate the effects of oil hazardous substance spills and releases from uncontrolled hazardous waste dumps, which is a growing national problem. * Nuclear Waste Management-I will propose a series of legislative and administrative initiatives to implement our Nation's first comprehensive nuclear waste program. BUILDING AMERICA S MILITARY STRENGTH * Defense Department Authorizations and Appropriations-I will be proposing a defense budget containing a 3.3% real growth in outlays. It is essential that the Congress support an increase of that amount if we are to strengthen our defense capabilities. WORKING TO RESOLVE INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES * Refugee Legislation and FundingThis legislation is necessary to improve our refugee program and to provide needed domestic assistance to refugees. Prompt House action would assure that we have a sound framework within which to accommodate the increasing flow of refugees. STRIVING TO RESOLVE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC PROBLEMS * Bilateral and Multilateral Foreign Assistance-I will be proposing foreign assistance legislation which provides the authority needed to carry forward a cooperative relationship with a large number of developing nations. Prompt Congressional action is essential. * China Trade Agreement-I will be seeking early approval by the Congress of the Trade Agreement reached with China; the Agreement represents a major step forward in the process toward improved economic relations with China. CONTINUING TO SUPPORT THE BUILDING OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS * Special International Security Assistance for Pakistan-I am sending to Congress a military and economic assistance program to enable Pakistan to strengthen its defenses. Prompt enactment will be one of my highest legislative priorities. * Human Rights Conventions-I will continue to press the Senate to ratify five key human rights treaties-the American Convention on Human Rights, the Convention on Racial Discrimination, the UN Covenants on Civil and Political Rights, and on Economic and Social and Cultural Rights, and the Genocide Convention. PREVENTING THE SPREAD AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS * SALT II-I firmly believe that SALT II is in our Nation's security interest and 119 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 that it will add significantly to the control of nuclear weapons. But because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, I do not believe it is advisable to have the Senate consider the Treaty now. I. ENSURING ECONOMIC STRENGTH My economic program, since I took office, has been designed to achieve several goals: -restore and continue economic growth; -reduce unemployment; and -restrain inflation. Over the past three years, considerable progress has been made in each of these areas: -The economy has recovered from its deepest recession since World War II; and we have had a sustained economic recovery during the last three years. -Unemployment has been reduced by 25% and employment is at its highest level in history. -Inflation has increased to unacceptable levels, in large part because of OPEC price increases, but a program has now been put in place which will moderate inflation in an equitable and effective way. In 1980, we will continue the steady economic policies which have worked to date. We can only succeed in making our economy strong, however, if we have Congress' cooperation. I am confident that we can work together successfully this year to achieve our economic goals. INFLATION Inflation continues to be our most serious economic problem. Restraining inflation remains my highest domestic priority. Inflation at the current, unacceptably high levels is the direct result of economic problems that have been building, virtu ally without letup, for over a decade. There are no easy answers, or quick solutions to inflation. It cannot be eliminated overnight; its roots in our economy are too deep, its causes are too pervasive and complex. We know we cannot spend our way out of this problem. But there is hope-for a gradual reduction in the inflation rate, for an easing of the economic pressures causing inflation. The hope lies in a program of public and private restraint in the short-run and a program to attack the structural causes of inflation over the longer-run. This is the policy I have pursued and will continue to pursue. Last year was an especially difficult time for anti-inflation policies. OPEC increased its prices by more than 80% and thus added more than three points to the inflation rate. If energy price increases are excluded, inflation last year would have been nearly three percentage points lower. The biggest challenge to anti-inflation policy is to keep energy price increases from doing permanent damage, to prevent a dangerous acceleration of the wageprice spiral. My program has been successful in accomplishing this. Inflation will slow this year. In 1981 it should be even lower. This progress is the result of our persistence in the battle against inflation on many fronts: Budget Restraint: The budget deficit for FY 1979 was lowered to $27.7 billion, more than 50% below the FY 1976 level. Regulatory Reform: The flood of new, costly government regulations was slowed as our procedures to ensure that we achieve our regulatory goals in the most cost-effective manner took hold. Wage-Price Guidelines: The guideline standards were followed by the vast majority of unions which negotiated contracts and by nearly every major corporation in the country. 120 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 Energy: The energy legislation put into place over the past two years began to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and our consumption of such important energy fuels as gasoline, thereby reducing the ability of oil producing nations to disrupt our economy. Productivity: We began to introduce policies to increase industrial innovation and thereby productivity; the decline in productivity growth must be reversed if we are to improve our real living standards over the long term. In 1980, with the Congress' cooperation, we will continue our aggressive fight against inflation on each of these major fronts: Budget Restraint: The deficit for the FY 1981 budget will be less than half of the FY 1980 budget deficit and will represent a 75% reduction from the deficit I inherited. Regulatory Reform: We will be pursuing deregulation legislation for the trucking, rail, banking and communications industries, as well as regulatory management reform legislation; these bills will enable us to further eliminate unnecessary regulatory burdens. Labor Accord: The Pay Advisory and Price Advisory Committees, established as a result of last year's historic Accord with organized labor will enable us to better implement, and coordinate with both labor and business, the private restraint necessary as part of our anti-inflation efforts. The Accord signals a willingness of labor to be a full partner in our fight against inflation. Energy: We expect to enact major energy legislation-the Windfall Profits Tax, the Energy Mobilization Board, and the Energy Security Corporation-early in this Session; this legislation, when combined with the voluntary and mandatory energy conservation measures that will take an even stronger hold this year, should enable us to further reduce our dependence on foreign oil. Productivity: We will be implementing our industrial innovation program and further expanding our commitment in the budget to research and development. COUNCIL ON WAGE AND PRICE STABILITY The Council on Wage and Price Stability has played a vital role in our antiinflation efforts. The Council and its staff have lead responsibility within the Executive branch for implementing the voluntary wage and price monitoring program. Without the Council's continuing role, the anti-inflation effort could not begin to assess whether the private sector is cooperating with our standards. It is therefore essential that the Council, along with its staff operation, be reauthorized early this year. The reauthorization should not contain amendments that interrupt or restrain the important and essential work of the Council or its staff. THE 1981 BUDGET The budget I will send to the Congress for FY 1981 will meet this Nation's critical needs; and it will continue the sound budgetary policies that my Administration has pursued throughout my term in office. No single year's budget can accurately portray the philosophy of an Administration. However, there is a clear pattern in the budgets I have proposed-restraint in spending, coupled with careful targeting of resources to areas of greatest need. My 1981 budget continues this pattern by lowering the deficit roughly $50 billion below what it was when I ran for office. At the same time, I will recommend increases for programs of critical national concern. 121 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Last year, my budget was austere. I proposed eliminating some programs and reducing spending for others; and these tough decisions have proven correct and have provided the country with clear benefits. I am pleased that the Congress approved my budget in virtually the form I proposed. As a result of our actions, the rate of Federal spending growth has been slowed. Just as importantly, the widespread expectation that the Federal budget would continue its upward spiral unchecked has been proven false. We have moved on to the path necessary for achieving a balanced budget in the very near future. And we have helped the fight against inflation. The 1981 Budget will continue my policy of restraint. Real growth in spending will be close to zero. The deficit will be cut by more than half from last year. The deficit as a percent of the budget and of GNP will be at the second lowest point in this decade. We will have the smallest deficit in seven years. And if the economy were to continue to grow at a rate which held the unemployment rate at the current level, this budget would be in surplus. At the same time, I am proposing some vital spending increases in the 1981 Budget. Most of these increases will be in "uncontrollable" programs (those in which increases are automatically required by existing law). There will also be discretionary increases; in part, to strengthen our defense forces and enhance our crucial investments in energy production and conservation. In addition, I will propose a major new initiative to reduce youth unemployment, and State and local governments will receive continued fiscal support from the General Revenue Sharing extension I will propose. Developing the budget this year has been, in several respects, more difficult than in previous years. International tur moil threatens our vital interests, energy problems dampen the economy and alter our domestic priorities, and inflation erodes basic programs, all adding new pressures for Federal spending. But I am confident that this budget responds responsibly-and with needed resources-to our Nation's most pressing needs and positions us for responsible and effective government in the 1980's. FISCAL POLICY As President, I have been concerned about the tax burden on our citizens and have, as a result, worked with the Congress to enact two major tax cuts. In 1977, I proposed, and Congress passed, an $8 billion individual tax cut as part of the economic stimulus package. In 1978, I proposed, and Congress passed, a $21 billion individual and business tax cut. This year, those two cuts will reduce Americans' tax burden by $31 billion. I recognize that there is interest in another tax cut this year, but my 1981 budget proposes no tax cuts. As long as doubledigit inflation continues and there is no sign of a recession, our top budgetary priority must be reduction of the deficit. Over the long run, continued tight control over budget expenditures will hold down the share of Federal spending in GNP. Inflation, on the other hand, is raising the percentage of national income collected in taxes. Over time, because -of these two developments, tax reductions will be possible while still maintaining the fiscal restraint needed to control inflation. However, the timing and structure of any tax reductions is of critical importance and must be dictated by our economic circumstances: the urgency of the antiinflation fight requires that we defer such tax reductions at this time. 122 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 Tax reductions put into effect prematurely, and under the wrong economic conditions, could make inflation worse by overstimulating the economy. Inflation is still running at unacceptably high levels. Virtually all economic forecasters predict the onset of a mild recession and my Administration's estimates of budget receipts and expenditures in the FY 1981 budget assume a recession. However, none of the current economic statistics yet show any overall economic decline. In recent months the economy has displayed much more strength than earlier forecasts had predicted. Forecasts of impending recession may therefore prove to be. as wrong as previous ones. Employment has held up well-in part due to unsatisfactory productivity performance. To enact tax cuts now would run a serious risk of adding inflationary demand pressures to an economy which continues to grow more strongly than predicted by the forecasts. With the present high inflation, we cannot afford that risk. When tax reductions are timely, they should be designed insofar as possible in a way that achieves multiple objectivesnot only reducing the tax burden and stimulating growth, but raising investment and productivity and reducing inflation as well. In particular, a significant part of any tax reduction should be directed to the provision of incentives for increased investment, to improve productivity, expand capacity, and adjust to higher energy prices. Serious consideration should be given, in the case of tax cuts for individuals, to lowering social security payroll taxes, since half of such reductions would go towards lowering business costs and prices. The necessities of the inflation fight require that we be very cautious about when taxes are reduced, and how it is done. But they do not require that we ignore changes in economic conditions. Should the economic situation and prospects sharply worsen, I will consider recommendations to deal with the situation. Under those circumstances, tax cuts and other measures could be taken to improve the prospects for employment and growth, to reduce business costs, and to assist those most severely damaged by recession, without threatening to set off inflationary demand pressures. However, the current economic situation does not warrant such measures and it would be inappropriate to propose them at this time. EMPLOYMENT My Administration, working closely with Congress, has made significant progress in reducing the serious unemployment problems that existed three years ago. * The December unemployment rate of 5.9% represents a 25% reduction from the December 1976 rate. * Over 9.2 million more people have jobs than before the beginning of the Administration. * Total employment has reached an alltime high of 98 million in December. * Nonwhite employment has increased by 1.4 million persons or 15.5%. * Adult female employment has increased by 5 million persons. * Employment of black teenagers, which had actually decreased during the 1969-1975 period, has increased by more than 15% since I took office. Although unemployment rates for all youth, especially minority youth, are still too high, progress has been made. We will continue to make progress in the 1980's as a result of the framework which has already been established and which will be strengthened this year. 123 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 * The Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) was reauthorized in 1978 for four years. * The Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act became law after many years of effort. * The Private Sector Initiatives Program, a new partnership between the government and the private sector to assist the most disadvantaged unemployed, is being successfully implemented. * A targeted jobs tax credit has been enacted to provide employers with the economic incentives needed to increase their hiring of unemployed low-income youth and others who historically have difficulty finding jobs. * A massive effort to reduce the problems causing excessive youth unemployment rates is being strengthened and revitalized this year with a new $2 billion youth education, training, and employment program. This year, we will work aggressively to make certain that this framework continues to be successfully implemented. Even that effort may not be sufficient, if economic forecasts are accurate, to keep the unemployment rate from rising. We will be monitoring the economy closely. If unemployment should dramatically increase, I will be prepared to consider actions to counter that increase, consistent with our overriding concern about accelerating inflation. At this time though, when unemployment is at its lowest level in years, it would be premature and unwise to propose measures that might be helpful in a time of recession-induced high unemployment. YOUTH EMPLOYMENT The fact that we have had persistently high unemployment among poor and minority youth for three decades demon strates clearly the inadequacies of our system for teaching, training and helping young people to find and keep decent jobs. The economic challenges of the 1980's will require the energy and commitment of the entire American work force. We cannot afford to waste 'anyone's talents. If we are to become the society of our ideals, we must provide economic opportunity for all. My Administration is committed to a renewed national effort to remove any unnecessary obstacles to a productive life for every American. Over the past three years, we have developed a solid record. We have increased resources for youth employment and training programs from $2.5 to over $4 billion. We have conducted the largest experimental youth program effort ever attempted. We have reduced overall youth unemployment rates by 15%. But this is not good enough. Youth unemployment, especially for the poor and minorities, is still unacceptably high. Based on the experience we have gained over the past three years, and on the advice of the thousands of Americans who helped the Vice President's Task Force on Youth Employment over the last nine months, my Administration has devised a new approach, which I announced two weeks ago. Under my program, the most significant new domestic initiative I will be sending to Congress this year, the Federal government will be making its most comprehensive effort ever to eradicate the causes of excessive and harmful youth unemployment. By 1982 this new program will have increased Federal resources committed to reducing youth unemployment by $2 billion, to a total of $6 billion. The program will have two key components: for in 124 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 school youth, we will have a major effort through the Department of Education to teach basic skills to low-achieving youth in junior and senior high schools located in low-income communities, while providing work experience and training after school hours. For disadvantaged out-ofschool youth, we will provide, through the Department of Labor, redesigned and expanded work experience and training programs, as well as basic skills programs managed by the Department of Education. The Department of Education's basic education and skill training program, when fully implemented, will provide basic education and employment skills to approximately 1 million low-achieving junior and senior high school students in about 3,000 of the poorest urban and rural school districts around the country. The new program will emphasize: -basic skills for low-achieving youngsters, including help for students with limited ability in English; -school-wide planning with the active involvement of teachers, parents, employers, and the community; -using the link between work and classroom-learning as a way to motivate students to stay in school; and -a major role for vocational education in preparing young people for work. The Department of Labor's new Youth Employment Program, when fully implemented, will provide education, work experience, training, labor market information and other services to more than 500,000 additional young people in each year. The new resources, when added to current programs, will serve over 2.5 million 14- to 21-year olds each year. The program will emphasize: -additional training and work experience opportunities for older and outof-school youth; -stringent performance standards for both participants and program operators; -financial incentives to encourage greater cooperation between CETA sponsors, local employers, and school officials; and -consolidation of three of the existing CETA youth programs and closer coordination with the summer employment program to simplify local administration and reduce paperwork. We have learned from the 1960's and the 1970's. We know we must concentrate on administration and management. We know that we must have tough performance standards, not merely allocation formulas. We know that the partnership between government and all elements of the private sector must be made a reality, and that focusing on basic skills now is the key to job success in the future. We also know that the hope our young people have for their lives in this great country is our most precious resource. We must keep that hope alive. We will be working closely and intensively with the Congress to enact and carry out this youth employment program as soon as possible. TRADE This past year was one of unmatched and historic achievement for a vital component of the U.S. economy-exports and trade. In 1979, nearly 3 million jobs in our manufacturing industries, or one out of every seven jobs in manufacturing, depended upon our export performance in overseas markets. Our exports were a key contributor to the growth of the U.S. economy in 1979. Exports of agricultural and industrial goods grew by an unparalleled $35 billion, reaching a level of $180 billion. This represented an increase of 25% over ex 125 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ports in 1978. This record increase in exports, coupled with a slower rate of growth of imports, resulted in substantial improvements of $5 billion in our balance of trade. Furthermore, a rapid growth of service exports in 1979 led to a $13 billion improvement in the current account, bringing that account from a deficit in 1978 to near balance in 1979. I expect that in 1980 our exports will continue to strengthen and that, if we can continue to further conserve and limit imports of oil, we will further improve our trade balance position and that of the dollar. The future for American exports is bright, and will remain so, despite the necessity of suspending certain exports to the Soviet Union. This Administration has accomplished several goals in the last year in assuring that there will continue to be greater exports and, therefore, job possibilities for U.S. workers and farmers. To improve the condition of access of U.S. exports to foreign markets, I signed into force in July of last year a new trade act which reflected two years of hard bargaining in the recently concluded round of multilateral trade negotiations. These negotiations, which included all major developed and lesser developed countries, resulted in agreements to strengthen the rules of conduct of international trade and open new markets to U.S. exports. These negotiations were of historic importance in their scope and accomplishment, and their success is attributable to close cooperation that existed during and after the negotiations between the Congress, the private sector and the Administration. Our negotiating success now challenges us to take advantage of the opportunity for improving further our export performance. To meet this challenge, I proposed in 1979 a major reorganization of the government's trade policy and export promo tion activities. That reorganization will strengthen government coordination in the trade field and provide an improved basis for protecting American interest in the recently negotiated trade agreements. I put this reorganization into effect, with Congressional approval, earlier this month. With the changes initiated in my trade reorganization, we will ensure that trade between the United States and its trading partners will be conducted fairly and openly. Consistent with my decisions on suspending certain types of trade with the Soviet Union, my Administration will be seeking this year to find additional ways to foster U.S. export expansion. We are studying the possibility of further agreements on expanded trade with both traditional and newer trade partners, including China. I look forward to working with the Congress on ways we can continue to improve our trading position which, in turn, will help maintain a prosperous American economy. SMALL BUSINESS This year marks the high point of three years of accomplishment for small business under my Administration, and the beginning of a decade of continuing effort to strengthen this large and vital sector of our economy. The White House Conference on Small Business, which I convened eighteen months ago and which has just concluded its deliberations, fulfills a pledge I made in 1976 that the voice of small business would be heard in my Administration. In anticipation of the Conference, I called on the head of every executive Department and agency to propose at least one initiative of benefit to small business. Over 160 separate initiatives have been proposed and are under examination, and 126 up Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 many of them have already been put in effect. We have made great strides in reforming our regulatory process, cutting down Federal paperwork and developing flexible regulations which provide for minimizing or eliminating burdens on smaller businesses. The capital gains tax has been significantly reduced, and corporate taxes on small businesses have been lowered. We have also increased Small Business Administration lending activity, from $1.8 billion in 1976 to $3.1 billion in 1979, an increase of 72 %. Since 1977 we have more than doubled Federal purchases of goods and services from minority firms from $1.1 billion to $2.5 billion in 1979. I am confident that such purchases will exceed $3.5 billion this year. I have put into place a comprehensive policy to strengthen the role of women in business, and have directed Federal agencies to take affirmative action to include women in management assistance and other business-related programs. SBA's advocacy role has been strengthened at my direction, and SBA has been added to the membership of the Regulatory Council and the Productivity Council, to help assure that the problems and issues facing small business are addressed wherever relevant policy decisions are made with the Federal government. To reduce the paperwork and regulatory burdens small businesses face in raising capital, I have recently proposed a Small Business Issuers' Simplification Act. This legislation will exempt from the burdensome registration requirements of the Federal securities laws sales of securities by small businesses to institutional investors, such as banks, insurance companies and pension funds, and others making investments of at least $100,000. Finally, last week I sent to the Congress a Message on Small Business to emphasize the vital importance of small business and to report to you on the steps we have already taken and plan to take in 1980 to strengthen small business. MINORITY BUSINESS From the beginning of my term, I have worked with the Congress to increase opportunities for minority business. As a result of our efforts, enormous progress has been made in the last three years: * Federal procurement from minorityowned firms has increased by nearly two and a half times; * Federal deposits in minority-owned banks have nearly doubled; * minority ownership of radio and television stations has increased by 65%; * almost 15% of the funds spent under the Local Public Works Act of 1977 went to minority-owned firms; * the Section 8(a) program operated by the Small Business Administration has been reformed and strengthened. This year, my Administration is committed to expanding upon the progress made to date. This year, I am committed to more than tripling the 1977 level of federal procurement from minority-owned firms, and I have no doubt we can meet that goal. My 1981 budget improves the targeting of Small Business Administration loans to minority-owned businesses. We will also expand management, technical, and training assistance for minority firms and provide substantial funding increases for minority capital development under the SBA's minority enterprise small business investment company (MESBIC) program. I will also be proposing to the Congress a minority business legislative initiative to establish in the Department of Commerce 127 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 a Minority Business Development Agency. That Agency, a successor to the Office of Minority Business Enterprise, was established last year under administrative authority, but I believe Congressional authorization would strengthen its operating abilities. WOMEN IN BUSINESS Last year I announced a new policy to strengthen and foster the growth of women-owned businesses. My new budget includes funds to make this policy a reality by increasing SBA direct loans to women by 50%, by assisting women in gaining access to sources of financing, and by expanding management and technical assistance to women. By insuring that women have fuller access to opportunities to start and maintain their own enterprises, we will start a genuine momentum to take full advantage of the contribution which women can make to the growth and productivity of our economy. II. CREATING ENERGY SECURITY Since I took office, my highest legislative priorities have involved the development of our Nation's first comprehensive energy policy. The struggle to achieve that policy has been difficult for all of us, but the accomplishments of the past three years leave no doubt that our country is finally serious about the problems caused by our over-dependence on foreign oil. The accomplishments can be lost, however, and the progress stopped, if we fail to move forward even further this year. There is no single panacea that will solve our energy crisis. We must rely on and encourage multiple forms of productioncoal, crude oil, natural gas, solar, nuclear, synthetics-and conservation. It is therefore essential that Congress enact the major energy bills I proposed last year; and their enactment will be my most immediate and highest legislative priority this year. WINDFALL PROFITS TAX My highest, most immediate legislative priority during this Session is prompt passage of a sound windfall profits tax on crude oil. Last April, I proposed a tough windfall profits tax to recoup a portion of the unearned income that would accrue to the oil companies as a result of the phased decontrol of domestic crude oil prices and OPEC price increases. It is essential that these revenues be invested on behalf of all Americans to help us become an energy secure nation. The revenues from the tax will be used to support key national energy goals: low-income energy assistance, improved and expanded mass transit and energy supply and conservation programs. The windfall tax that I proposed was also carefully designed to provide incentives needed to increase domestic oil production. Under my proposal, we expect a barrel per day increase in domestic production due to decontrol and higher world prices. Without any windfall profits tax production would be only marginally higher by 1985. The American people clearly want and our national energy needs clearly require-a tough windfall tax. We cannot afford further delay. The House-Senate Conference Committee has reached agreement on a tax raising $227 billion over the next ten years. A tax at that level is acceptable, provided the components of the tax are consistent with sound energy policy. I urge the conferees and the Congress to approve forthwith a tax that I can sign. There can be no higher legislative priority. 128 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 ENERGY MOBILIZATION BOARD Last July, together with a comprehensive energy program, I asked Congress to join with me to create an Energy Mobilization Board (EMB). The Board can cut through burdensome and unnecessary red tape and reach prompt decisions on designated priority energy projects. Decision-making can be streamlined without overriding of substantive law, which I strongly oppose. The Board is a key element of our strategy to attain energy security by cutting foreign oil imports in the coming years. Prompt passage of the EMB is one of my highest priorities this year, and I urge the Congress to complete its action on this proposal without delay. ENERGY SECURITY CORPORATION Last year, I proposed the creation of an Energy Security Corporation to lead our national effort to develop and produce synthetic fuels, coal-based synthetics, oil shale and biomass. The Corporation would be an independent body, chartered by the government and authorized to use a variety of financing toolsprincipally price guarantees, Federal purchases, and loan guarantees-to stimulate private sector development of synthetic energy alternatives to imported oil. I have recommended that the Corporation be given a goal to develop the capacity to produce 1.75 million barrels per day of synthetic fuels, oil shale, and biomass by 1990. With an ability to produce commercially synthetic alternatives to foreign crude oil, our Nation will have effectively capped the price which foreign oil producers can charge for crude oil. We cannot do the job we must do for our Nation's security by operating this program from within the government. The Corporation can much more easily obtain the needed talent and operate without the constraints binding a government agency. Enactment of the legislation containing the Energy Security Corporation is one of my highest legislative priorities for this Session. I urge the conferees to complete this work expeditiously so that the Corporation can open its doors as early as possible this year. REDUCTION IN UTILITY OIL USE I will soon send to the Congress legislation which will assist utilities in the use of coal, and encourage them to retire existing oil burning plants for generating electricity. The Department of Energy and my staff have worked very closely with Congressional energy leadership over the last several months to develop a legislative proposal which can be acted upon quickly. My proposed utility oil use reduction legislation will help us to achieve two of our basic energy goals-decreasing our dependence on foreign oil and increasing our production of more abundant and secure energy supplies, such as coal. For that reason, passage of this legislation will be one of my highest energy priorities this year. GASOLINE RATIONING I will soon be sending to Congress for its approval a standby gasoline rationing plan, under the authority of legislation I signed into law last year. In developing this plan, we have given priority attention to accommodating essential gasoline usage, bearing in mind the need to design a plan which is workable and which can be put into place quickly if a severe emergency arises. 129 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I recognize the difficulty of developing a plan that meets the many competing State and local concerns. Last year's experience demonstrated that difficulty very well. I am determined, as I am certain Congress is, to avoid repeating it. My Administration will work very closely with Congress on the standby plan. I hope the Congress will recognize the overriding national importance of emergency preparedness and will take action early to approve my proposed plan. I do not intend, under our current supply conditions, to implement a rationing program. But we can no longer afford to be unprepared for the possibility of further severe interruptions in energy supplies. ENERGY CONSERVATION In my very first energy address to the Nation in April 1977, I stressed the importance of conservation as the cornerstone of our national energy policy. It is the cheapest and fastest means of reducing our dependence on imported oil and it constitutes an alternative source of supply. To the extent that we conservein our homes, factories, cars, and public buildings-we make the task of providing secure sources of energy for the future that much more attainable. In November 1978, I signed into law our country's first energy conservation tax credits. These provide up to $300 for home conservation investments, and an additional 10 percent investment tax credit for industrial investments in energy efficient equipment. At the same time, we put in place a requirement that utilities provide energy audits for their customers and offer to arrange financing. We also established stiff taxes on new gas guzzling automobiles. As a result of my April 1977 initiatives, we are also providing a total of $900 million over three years to weatherize schools and hospitals across the Nation. Last July, I proposed a program to provide $5.8 billion over the next decade to subsidize interest rates on homeowner loans for conservation investments. This program will be targeted to low- and moderate-income homeowners and apartment owners for whom the tax credits are less effective as an incentive. Under this program it is expected that consumers' total monthly bills will decline since the financial savings.resulting from lower energy use will be greater than the monthly payments on the subsidized loans. I consider this new program to be an essential piece of my overall conservation strategy and urge the House-Senate Conference Committee now working on the bill containing this provision to complete work promptly. Energy conservation must also go forward at the State and local levels. To help that important effort, I am again urging Congress to pass my proposal, under the authority of the proposed Energy Management and Partnership Act, to provide grants to local governments to meet national energy conservation goals. SOLAR ENERGY Last June, I sent the Congress a Message on Solar Energy outlining my Administration's solar program and setting a national goal for the year 2000 of deriving 20% of this Nation's energy from solar and renewable resources. A firm and ambitious course-not only by the Federal government but also by State and local governments, private industry, academia and private citizens-is required to reach this goal. 130 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 As part of my solar program announced in June, I proposed a number of initiatives to the Congress to assist in solar energy development. Among those were the establishment of a Solar Energy Development Bank funded at $150 million per year to provide subsidized loans for the installation of solar equipment on homes and commercial structures, and additional tax credits for passive solar construction, wood stoves, industrial and agricultural solar applications, and gasohol. These initiatives have yet to be enacted by the Congress and I urge prompt action on these measures to help speed the penetration of solar technologies in the marketplace. In addition, my FY 1980 program for solar energy exceeded $1 billion government-wide. This is more than three times greater than the program in place when I took office. In FY 1981 government-wide expenditures for solar and renewable energy will be nearly $1.4 billion and will include programs administered by the Departments of Energy, Agriculture, Interior, Defense, State, Housing and Urban Development, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The Federal solar program has as its overall objectives, the emphasis on basic research and development of solar technologies not currently economic such as photovoltaics, where electricity is generated directly from the sun, and the provision of funding and technical information to accelerate the use of marketable solar technologies which are available now. Solar heat and hot water and wood energy are among these technologies. We will continue to work with the Congress this session on passage of critical solar energy legislation. We are making progress on the transition away from our dependence on fossil fuels and towards the widespread use of renewable sources of energy. We must maintain an aggressive policy to achieve this transition. NUCLEAR SAFETY Immediately following the accident at Three Mile Island, I established a Presidential Commission, chaired by the President of Dartmouth College, to report to me on actions needed to prevent recurrence of this kind of accident. Safety is and will remain my Administration's primary priority in the regulation and management of nuclear power. I have taken steps to correct virtually all problems identified by the Kemeny Commission and have acted to implement most of its specific recommendations, including: * A reorganization of the NRC to strengthen the role of the Chairman. I will soon send to Congress a reorganization plan to give the Chairman power to select key personnel and act on behalf of the Commission during an emergency. * Appointment of a new Chairman of the NRC from outside the agency when the next vacancy occurs. In the meantime, I have designated Commissioner Ahearne as Chairman with a mandate to initiate changes needed to assure the safety of nuclear power plant operations. * Direction to the Federal Emergency Management Agency to lead all off-site emergency activities and review all emergency plans in States with operating reactors by June. * A request to the NRC to accelerate its program to place a resident Federal inspector at every reactor site, and to upgrade training and evaluation programs for reactor operators. I endorsed the approach the NRC adopted to pause in licensing, but have urged the Commission to complete its 131 / Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 work as quickly as possible, and in any event no later than June of this year. Once we have instituted the necessary reforms to assure safety, we must resume the licensing process promptly so that the new plants which we need to reduce our dependence on foreign oil can be built and operated. Nuclear power is an option that we should keep open. GASOHOL I have recently proposed a program to accelerate dramatically America's production and use of gasohol, as yet another important way on which we can wage-and win-our energy war. My Administration is committed to a program which will provide between $8.5 billion and $12.8 billion of assistance to stimulate production of alcohol fuels over the coming decade. We will quadruple current gasohol production capacity by the end of this year. During 1981, we should be capable of producing ethanol at an annual rate of 500 million gallonsmore than six times the current rate. If this entire amount of ethanol were turned into gasohol, it would replace almost 10 % of our anticipated demand for unleaded gasoline in 1981. Our overall gasohol program will spur the investments that we together must make for a more secure energy future. We will create new markets for our farmers. We will no longer have to throw away waste materials which can be turned into profitable, essential fuels. Our Nation's enormous agricultural and fiber resources can be used to help provide a secure source of energy for our future. By producing gasohol from fiber and agricultural by-products, we can meet fuel needs for millions of Americans, including our farmers. I am eager to work with the Congress on my alcohol fuels program, so that we can soon have legislation that will authorize and provide the funding for this important energy development. ENERGY IMPACT ASSISTANCE As new domestic energy resources are developed, particularly in rural or isolated areas of the country, we must provide for the needs of rapidly developing communities. My Administration will continue to work with the Congress to enact legislation establishing an Inland Energy Assistance program, with funding of $150 million per year, to aid those States and local areas which are experiencing a rapid growth in population as a result of new energy supply development. These communities often cannot plan for or meet increased need for new public facilities or services, since the population increases occur before the new energy supply activities are fully developed and producing local revenues. This legislation is essential to ensure that the burdens associated with solving our energy problems are borne equitably by all citizens and regions of the country. III. ENHANCING BASIC HUMAN AND SOCIAL NEEDS For too many years immediately preceding my Administration, too many of our Nation's basic human and social needs were being ignored or dealt with insensitively by the Federal government. Over the past three years, we have significantly increased funding for many of the vital programs in these areas; developed new programs where needs were unaddressed; targeted Federal support to those individuals and areas most in need of our assistance; and removed barriers that have unnecessarily kept many disadvantaged citi 132 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 zens from obtaining aid for their most basic needs. Our efforts over the past three years have produced clear progress in our effort to solve some of the country's fundamental human and social problems. The Administration and the Congress, working together, have demonstrated that government must and can meet our -citizens' basic human and social needs in a responsible and compassionate way. But there is an unfinished agenda still before the Congress. If we are to meet our obligations to help all Americans realize the dreams of sound health care, decent housing, effective social services, a good education, and a meaningful job, we still have important legislation to enact this year. The legislation is before the Congress, and I will be working with you toward its enactment. Health NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN Last June, I proposed to Congress a National Health Plan which will enable the country to reach the goal of comprehensive, universal health care coverage. The legislation I submitted lays the foundation for this comprehensive plan and addresses the most serious problems of health financing and delivery. It is realistic, affordable, and enactable. It does not overpromise or overspend, and, as a result, can be the solution to the thirty years of Congressional battles on national health insurance. My Plan includes the following key features: * nearly 15 million additional poor would receive fully-subsidized comprehensive coverage; * pre-natal and delivery services are provided for all pregnant women and coverage is provided for all acute care for infants in their first year of life; * the elderly and disabled would have a limit of $1,250 placed on annual out-of-pocket medical expenses and would no longer face limits on hospital coverage; * all full-time employees and their families would receive insurance against at least major medical expenses under mandated employer coverage; * Medicare and Medicaid would be combined and expanded into an umbrella Federal program, Healthcare, for increased program efficiency, accountability and uniformity; and * strong cost controls and health system reforms would be implemented initiatives, including greater incentives for Health Maintenance Organizations. If enacted this year, my Plan would begin providing benefits in 1983. I urge the Congress to compare my Plan with the alternatives-programs which either do too little to improve the health care needs of Americans most in need or programs which would impose enormous financial burdens on the American taxpayers. When that comparison is completed, I am convinced the Congress will see the need for and the benefits of my Plan and work toward prompt enactment. We cannot afford further delay in this vital area. HOSPITAL COST CONTAINMENT Hospital Cost Containment remains the single most important piece of legislation that the Congress can pass to demonstrate its commitment to fight inflation. This legislative initiative will save billions of dollars for our Nation's consumers by eliminating unnecessary and wasteful hospital services. We can no longer allow hospital inflation to put needed health 133 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 care out of the reach of the average American. In a sector where there is an absence of competitive forces, Hospital Cost Containment legislation is necessary to restrain spending, while the process of developing other effective measures proceeds. The longer we delay enacting Cost Containment, the more expensive our fight against hospital inflation will become. I am asking the Senate to move quickly on this legislation. HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION Last July, the Surgeon General released Healthy People, a landmark report on health promotion and disease prevention. The report signals the growing consensus that the Nation's health strategy must be refocused in the 1980's to emphasize the prevention of disease. Specifically, the report lays out measurable and achievable goals in the reduction of mortality which can be reached by 1990. Consistent with this report, the health strategy I will propose in my FY 1981 budget places unprecedented emphasis on prevention. This strategy includes increased funding for many new and continuing programs in the areas of environmental hazards, workplace health and safety, commercial product safety, traffic safety, community water fluoridation, and health education, promotion and information. MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH Ensuring a healthy start in life for children remains not only a high priority of my Administration, but also one of the most cost effective forms of health care. When I took office, immunization levels for preventable childhood diseases had fallen to 70%. As a result of a concerted nationwide effort during my Administra tion, I am pleased to report that now at least 90% of children under 15, and virtually all school-age children are immunized. In addition, reported cases of measles and mumps are at their lowest levels ever. Under the National Health Plan I have proposed, there will be no cost-sharing for prenatal and delivery services for all pregnant women and for acute care provided to infants in their first year of life. These preventive services are recognized to have extremely high returns in terms of improved newborn and long-term child health. Under the Child Health Assurance Program (CHAP) legislation which I have already submitted to this Congress, an additional two million low-income children under 18 will become eligible for Medicaid benefits, which will include special health assessments. CHAP will also improve the continuity of care for the nearly 14 million children now eligible for Medicaid. An additional 100,000 low-income pregnant women will become eligible for prenatal care under the proposal. We must work together this year to enact CHAP and thereby provide millions of needy children with essential health services. For the third consecutive year, I am requesting expansion of the special supplemental food program for women, infants, and children. Under my proposal, over 2 million low-income nutritionally needy mothers, their nursing infants, and children will receive special food supplements each month. These food supplements have been shown to prevent ill health thereby reducing later medical costs. In addition to these legislative initiatives, I will propose increased funding in the FY 1981 budget for the successful Family Planning program, which targets services on low-income women and adolescents at high risk for unwanted preg 134 Y".s I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 nancy. Further, the 1981 budget contains continued funding for my Adolescent Health initiative, which is designed to provide and coordinate services to pregnant teenagers as well as reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies. EXPANSION OF SERVICES TO THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED My health proposals for FY 1981 will place high priority on expanding other improvements which have been made during my Administration in the access and continuity of care for medically underserved groups. I will propose substantially increased funding for the most successful programs in this area, including Community and Migrant Health Centers, and the National Health Service Corps program, which places health professionals in rural and urban medically underserved areas. In addition, I am proposing legislation to make coverage of clinics providing comprehensive primary care services a mandatory benefit under Medicaid. MENTAL HEALTH Last year, I submitted a Mental Health Message to Congress and proposed the Mental Health Systems Act, which is based upon recommendations of my Commission on Mental Health. The Act is designed to inaugurate a new era of Federal and State partnership in the planning and provision of mental health services. In addition, the Act specifically provides for prevention and support services to the chronically mentally ill, to prevent unnecessary institutionalization, prevention services, and for the development of community-based mental health services. This year, my Administration will be working intensively with the Congress for prompt enactment of this important legislation, and the First Lady will continue her substantial work in this area, as an effective spokesperson and advocate for mental health reform throughout the country. WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY My Administration will continue to enforce fully laws protecting worker health and safety in a sensible and efficient manner. We will be making further efforts to eliminate frivolous and unneeded rules, while concentrating greater enforcement efforts on the most dangerous and particularly the most unhealthy occupational environments. More effective management of our worker safety programs will serve the interest that both labor and management have in better working conditions. DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION At the beginning of my Administration there were over a half million heroin addicts in the United States. Our continued emphasis on reducing the supply of heroin, as well as providing treatment and rehabilitation to its victims, has reduced the heroin addict population to 380,000, reduced the number of heroin overdose deaths by 80%, and reduced the number of heroin related injuries by 50%. However, drug abuse in many forms continues to detract from the quality of life and is of great concern to us and the people of all nations. I am particularly concerned over the increasing quantities of heroin originating in Iran and Southwest Asia and we will continue to be especially alert to this threat in 1980. During 1980, we will also strive to reduce the supply of illegal drugs, both at their overseas sources and within the United States. While continuing a comprehensive treatment program, our priority will be to reduce drug abuse 135 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 among adolescents. One of the important goals of my Administration at the beginning of this decade is to change the social acceptance of drug use. FOOD AND NUTRITION Building on the comprehensive reform of the Food Stamp Program that I proposed and Congress passed in 1977, my Administration and the Congress worked together last year to enact several other important changes in the Program. These changes will further simplify administration and reduce fraud and error, will make the program more responsive to the needs of the elderly and disabled, and will increase the cap on allowable program expenditures. In this session, I will continue to work with the Congress to achieve additional improvements in the Food Stamp Program and to eliminate permanently the expenditure cap. I will also propose this year that Congress pass the Administration's Child Nutrition Amendments to target assistance under our school meal programs to those most in need. Education The stern challenges of the 80's place new demands on every sector of our society. Education is the insurance we have to provide the talent and capability to meet every demand on our National agenda. The challenge of the 80's in education is to see that quantity education becomes quality education. That is a challenge we can meet. Last year, my Administration and the Congress successfully collaborated to create a new Department of Education. The Department will give education a stronger voice at the Federal level, while at the same time reserving the actual control and operation of education to states, localities, and private institutions. The Department combines nearly 150 existing Federal education programs into a cohesive, streamlined organization that will be more responsive to the needs of educators and students. The Department will cut red tape and paperwork to make the flow of Federal dollars to school districts and institutions of higher education more efficient, thereby providing students and educators with more benefits per dollar of Federal funds. We are determined to work closely with the Congress this year in making certain that the Department begins on a sound basis, consistent with the purposes and hopes Congress had when creating it. To ensure adequate financial resources for education, I have requested, since taking office, an overall increase in Federal aid to education of 75% above the previous Administration's last budget. Many programs, including those serving disadvantaged and handicapped students and those providing financial aid to students enrolled in postsecondary education, have benefited from ever larger percentage increases during my Administration. My FY 1981 budget request in education will represent a generous increase over last year's budget. There will be particularly significant increases in a number of programs serving special populations, in addition to the major new program designed to give youth the basic skills needed to get and keep a job. I am also recommending a substantial increase in the programs which deal with international education, to improve our understanding of other nations. In addition, proposals I submitted last July to reauthorize the Higher Education Act are still under consideration in the Congress. The centerpiece of my proposals for the student financial aid programs is a major reform of the student loan programs. My proposal would, for the first time, provide a comprehensive program 136 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 of loans from the Federal government for higher education students who need them. Our proposals would eliminate much of the paperwork and confusion that have plagued students, parents, and colleges by mandating a single application form for all Federal need-based assistance. It is essential that this reauthorization be enacted this year. But the reauthorization legislation must be consistent with my commitment to a restrained, responsible budget. We are eager to work with the Congress to achieve this goal as soon as possible. Income Security WELFARE REFORM Last year, I proposed a welfare reform package which offers solutions to some of the most urgent problems in our welfare system. This proposal is embodied in two bills-The Work and Training Opportunities Act and The Social Welfare Reform Amendments Act. Within the framework of our present welfare system, my reform proposals offer achievable means to increase self-sufficiency through work rather than welfare, more adequate assistance to people unable to work, the removal of inequities in coverage under current programs, and fiscal relief needed by States and localities. Our current welfare system is long overdue for serious reform; the system is wasteful and not fully effective. The legislation I have proposed will help eliminate inequities by establishing a national minimum benefit, and by directly relating benefit levels to the poverty threshold. It will reduce program complexity, which leads to inefficiency and waste, by simplifying and coordinating administration among different programs. Last year the House passed The Social Welfare Reform Amendments Act, which addresses the major problems in our cash assistance programs. This year, we must continue this momentum toward welfare reform. I am determined to do whatever I can to help enact the two bills needed for the most comprehensive reform of the welfare system in our history. CHILD WELFARE My Administration has worked closely with the Congress on legislation which is designed to improve greatly the child welfare services and foster care programs and to create a Federal system of adoption assistance. The work of the Congress on this legislation is now almost completed. The well-being of children in need of homes and their permanent placement are primary concerns of my Administration, and I am determined to see improvement in the system which cares for these children. This legislation will help ensure that. LOW-INCOME ENERGY ASSISTANCE Last year, I proposed a program to provide a total of $2.4 billion per year to low-income households which are hardest hit by rising energy bills. With Congress' cooperation, we were able to move quickly to provide $1.6 billion for assistance needed this winter. Of that amount $1.2 billion was provided for grants to eligible households and $400 million for an energy crisis assistance program. The first checks were received by eligible families and individuals in early January. I have already proposed, and will continue to press for, legislation which provides $2.4 billion a year for low-income energy assistance. Funding from this program will come from the Windfall Profits Tax. Continuing this assistance is one of my high priorities in this session of Congress. 137 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 SOCIAL SECURITY I have been deeply committed to restoring the public's confidence and trust in the Social Security System. With the passage of the Social Security Amendments of 1977, the financial stability of the System was improved. Each month 35 million Americans receive pension and disability checks. They can rely on doing so without fear of interruption. We must, however, address the continuing financial viability of the Social Security System in light of changing economic circumstances. We must also review the equity of the sex-related distinctions contained in the system's benefit provisions. To help ensure the system's viability, I will propose legislation to permit borrowing among the separate trust funds. This measure will strengthen the Social Security System for current and future beneficiaries. I will also review closely the work of several major study groups, and will consult with experts in the Department of Health and Human Services and the Congress to assess their recommendations. DISABILITY INSURANCE REFORMS As a result of the legislation we enacted in 1977, which strengthened the financing of the Social Security System, the Social Security disability insurance program is now in stable financial condition. Last year, my Administration proposed modifications in the program to further improve its administration and to increase incentives for disabled beneficiaries to seek rehabilitation and to return to work. In 1980, we will work with the Congress to enact these reforms. I hope the Congress will stay as close as possible to my original proposal. Housing My Administration has brought improved stability to the Nation's housing market. Housing starts from 1977 through 1979 averaged more than 1.9 million units per year. We have been and remain committed to assuring the availability of an adequate level of mortgage credit during a period of record high interest rates. Toward that goal, we developed the sixmonth money market certificate and broadened the secondary market activity of the Government National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Most recently, the bank regulators introduced two and onehalf year certificates which should become valuable sources of funds for savings institutions, enabling them to continue a high level of mortgage lending. I am pleased that our anti-inflation policies have begun to slow the rate of growth in home prices. Within the context of our overall economic strategy, we will continue to support measures which provide for improved stability in the housing industry, avoiding the boom and bust cycles that led to unemployment, business failures and dislocation in the past. I have sent to the Congress legislation to update the government's emergency authority, under the Brooke-Cranston program to purchase mortgages in times of economic stress. The current authority could not be used effectively. I urge quick Congressional action on this legislation, so that the Administration will be in a position to use this program, if necessary. We have also brought improved stability and predictability and higher production to the provision of assisted housing for low- and moderate-income Americans, including the elderly and the handicapped. During the period from 1978 through 1981, my Administration will have com 138 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 mitted nearly 1.3 million units of housing for lower, income renters and homeowners. Actual construction starts reached 175,000 units in 1979, a level which we will sustain through the next several years. I will be proposing in my FY 1981 budget a level of 300,000 assisted rental units and 25,000 assisted homeownership units, a total 25% increase over 1980 levels. This recommendation reflects my Administration's concern about the number of poor Americans still living in substandard housing. I will also propose this year to extend HUD's home ownership assistance and interest subsidies to lowincome tenants in designated revitalization areas. That will help address the particular problem of displacement of lowincome persons and the elderly by urban revitalization and condominium conversions. My Administration will again be working with the Congress to pass the condominium reform legislation that I proposed last year. That legislation will provide basic protections for the purchasers of condominium units. Many unit owners lack adequate remedies to redress serious inequities under existing law, and expeditious Federal action in this area is a priority. In 1980 we will also propose a number of significant new legislative initiatives. I will be proposing a comprehensive simplification and consolidation of the Nation's basic housing laws on mortgage insurance and mortgage credit activities of the Federal Housing Administration and the Government National Mortgage Association. This proposal will make the services of these agencies more understandable and accessible to the American public. I will also be recommending prompt Congressional action to extend the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, which has been an important factor in aiding the avail ability of mortgage credit in inner city areas. Finally, building on the urban partnership we have established with the cities, we will continue to increase the control local governments exercise over the operation of Federal housing programs. We will propose a fundamental change in HUD's public housing modernization program to allow local authorities to use up to 50% of their public housing production funds for modernization and repair of the existing, deteriorated stock of public housing. And in recognition of the severity of the housing problems in America's rural communities, we will be implementing the Action Agenda of 12 Rural Housing Initiatives which I announced last month. NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT Neighborhood development is an essential component of my policies designed to revitalize our Nation's urban areas. My Administration has taken a number of steps to assist non-governmental, neighborhood groups carry out community improvement plans. In Fiscal Year 1981, I will propose increased funding for the Neighborhood Self-Help Development Program. This program aims to build the capacity of independent, neighborhood organizations to implement conservation and revitalization projects in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. In 1980, I will strongly support the renewal of the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act in order to encourage neighborhood reinvestment. My Administration will also continue to support fully the neighborhood reinvestment actions of independent regulatory agencies, such as the Federal Home Loan Bank Board's Community Investment Fund. 139 I ~l-L —~ ---— ~~.-~li Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Transportation A major goal during the 1980's is to bring about a dramatic increase in the economic and energy efficiency of our transportation systems. While this Nation's transportation facilities are among the best in the world, they were planned, designed and constructed in an era of abundant and cheap energy. The country now faces a totally different situation of scarce and increasingly expensive energy. To help combat this problem, I have proposed to use $16.5 billion over the next decade from the windfall profits tax revenues to increase the energy efficiency of transportation. Of that, $13 billion would be allocated to increase transit capacity; $2.5 billion would be directed to promote the energy-efficient use of the automobile; and $1 billion for research on automotive fuel efficiency. I urge the Congress to enact this proposal without delay. To further promote energy conservation, stimulate urban growth and create new employment opportunities in the inner cities, I urge the Congress to support mass transportation authorization legislation. This year I will seek reauthorization and extension of the public transportation grant program. With the assistance of the Congress, we have taken a number of positive steps to reform outmoded transportation regulation. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 is working well, with reduced passenger fares per mile, and with the airlines better able to withstand the effects of recession and fuel price increases than would have otherwise been possible. To continue that type of progress, last year I submitted truck and rail regulatory reform bills and I am committed to seeking their enactment in 1980. These important bills will save consumers billions of dollars annually and reduce wasted fuel consumption. To further improve America's railroads, I have introduced legislation to direct Federal railroad financial assistance toward restructuring of failing railroads and improved employment efficiency. I will also ask Congress to increase funding for and extend the life of the Northeast Corridor Improvement Project to improve passenger rail services in the Northeast. Statutory authority for present airport programs and related aviation taxes will expire during 1980. I have already sent to the Congress a proposal to use nearly $15 billion from the Airport and Airways Trust Fund over the next five years for airport and aviation expenses. I urge Congress to enact this proposal this year. Finally, I am committed to the further development of our maritime industry. To achieve maximum export competitive position for the United States, the ties between our port facilities and our land transport facilities must be greatly improved. Last year, my Administration conducted a comprehensive review of maritime policy and transmitted to the Congress our goals for liner regulation and merchant marine promotion. This year, we will be working with the Congress to pass legislation that embodies our interest in expanded trade and a strong merchant marine fleet. Special Needs WOMEN The efforts of my Administration over the last several years have been concentrated on providing American women with a full range of opportunities. Programmatic initiatives have been developed to overcome the widespread discrim 140 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 ination and disparities which women have faced in education, in health, and in employment. The Women's Education Equity Act has been funded in both Titles I and II to provide school boards with grants for programs designed to end discrimination in education. The avoidance of discrimination in education has been also stressed through improvements in the enforcement of existing civil rights legislation. The particular health problems faced have been addressed with increases in the family planning funds under Title XX, as well as improved teenage pregnancy funding and programs. Further, my National Health Plan provides complete coverage to pregnant mothers and infants without cost. Employment still continues to be a major problem with a wide gap between the average week wage of men and women. This is being addressed through major improvements in the funding for the Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor for model training programs and research projects. CETA prime sponsors have been matched on a four-to-one basis to improve the amount of funding for these programs. In the year ahead, the Administration will be supporting the passage of legislation to decrease domestic violence and provide shelters for battered spouses. FAMILIES As part of my Administration's effort to focus attention upon and strengthen the family structure, last year I established the Office of Families within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. That office will help coordinate our activities in this vital area. Later this year, we will hold the White House Conference on Families, which I initially proposed during my 1976 campaign. This conference, the culmination of three years of work, will help focus public attention on the problems affecting families and on the means needed to solve or avoid those problems. OLDER AMERICANS My Administration has taken great strides toward solving the particular problems faced by senior citizens. Early in this term we worked successfully with the Congress to assure adequate revenues for the Social Security Trust Funds. I have also signed into law legislation prohibiting employers from requiring retirement prior to age 70, and removing mandatory retirement for most Federal employees. Further, the Administration worked closely with Congress to amend the Older Americans Act in a way that has already improved administration of its housing, social services, food delivery, and employment programs. This year, I will be submitting to Congress a budget which again demonstrates my commitment to programs for the elderly. It will include increased funding for nutrition, senior centers and home health care, and will focus added resources on the needs of older Americans. I will also be seeking to strengthen further the Social Security System by proposing legislation to permit borrowing among the separate trust funds. With the 1981 White House Conference on Aging approaching, my Administration is making every effort to assure an effective and useful conference. This forum should enable older Americans to voice their concerns and give us guidance in our continued efforts to ensure the quality of life so richly deserved by our senior citizens, with special attention to those in need of long-term care. 141 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 REFUGEES In 1979 my Administration made significant progress in resolving a number of problems arising from the increase in refugees. Last March, I proposed comprehensive refugee legislation, and I regard its passage as a high priority this year. The legislation-which is the first.comprehensive reform of our refugee immigration and domestic resettlement policies in twenty-eight years-will bring common sense and cohesion to an unnecessarily fragmented approach to international and domestic refugee needs. Under vigorous new leadership, the Office of the U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, which I created last year, will aggressively address the need of refugees at home and abroad. We will also encourage greater cooperation with the private sector and other actions to ensure successful refugee resettlement. VETERANS As our commitment to peace and our national security remains as strong as ever, so too is our Nation's obligation to those whose past service to our country helped to keep peace in the world. For that reason, my Administration's commitment to the needs of America's veterans will remain a high priority. My Administration is committed to sustain high quality health care in the V.A. hospital system, the largest in the free world, and to encourage its growth in the most effective and efficient manner. That commitment will be reflected in my budget for FY 1981. The system must maintain its independent integrity. In 1980, we will continue to honor and seek recognition of all our Nation's veterans, but we must acknowledge that veterans of the Vietnam War have yet to be accorded the full honor bestowed upon veterans of past wars. We will continue this year to assist Vietnam-era veterans with special needs and concerns, building on my initiative last year for these veterans. Accordingly, this year, I will again ask Congress to reform and revitalize the VA's vocational rehabilitation program, and to extend eligibility for the G.I. Bill to those veterans of the Vietnam War era who are most in need of advanced job training opportunities. In addition, I will seek increased benefits for the recipients participating in the current G.I. Bill program. The Nation's veterans deserve these benefits, and I am committed to serving them. My Budget also proposes legislation to grant a cost-of-living increase for the recipients of compensation for disabilities incurred while in the service of their country. Government Assistance GENERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Since taking office, I have been strongly committed to strengthening the fiscal condition of our Nation's State and local governments. I have accomplished this goal by maintaining consistent and strong economic growth, and by encouraging economic development of local communities, and by supporting the General Revenue Sharing and Counter-Cyclical Fiscal Assistance programs. GENERAL REVENUE SHARING This year I will propose the renewal of General Revenue Sharing. My Administration's proposal will forge a closer partnership among the Federal, State and local governments and will further em 142 ~riarr I -II --- II - "- I I I Ir Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 phasize the pivotal role of the States in our Federal system. My proposal for GRS renewal also will provide additional aid to the cities and counties that are most strained fiscally. I will soon send legislation to Congress that will extend GRS for five years at the current funding level of $6.9 billion. Onethird of the money will be provided to State governments on the basis of the current distribution formula. As a condition for continued payments to the States, each State will be required to constitute a broadly-based Commission to assess and address the fiscal problems confronted by the State and by the local governments within the State. These Commissions will provide a mechanism for involving the States to a greater extent in the FederalState-local government partnership. Two-thirds of GRS payments will be provided to local governments on the basis of population, tax effort and per capita income. While I will propose retention of the basic distribution formula for local governments, I also will propose a number of modest formula changes to provide greater aid to localities with large service responsibilities and with insufficient fiscal resources. My proposal for GRS renewal will be the cornerstone of my policy for FederalState-local government relations in the 1980's. This policy will emphasize the need for all levels of government to cooperate in order to meet the needs of the most fiscally strained cities and counties, and also will emphasize the important role that GRS can play in forging this partnership. I urge Congress to move quickly on my GRS proposal, to assure that our Nation's States and localities can begin the 1980's in sound fiscal condition. COUNTER-CYCLICAL AND TARGETED FISCAL ASSISTANCE Last year, I submitted to Congress a two-part fiscal aid package designed to strengthen further the fiscal condition of our Nation's States and localities. The first part of this legislation provided standby counter-cyclical legislation to protect States and localities from unexpected changes in the national economy. The second part provided transitional highly targeted fiscal assistance in FY 1980 to only the most distressed local governments. Substantial progress has been made on this legislation in the past year. The Senate passed legislation providing both targeted fiscal assistance and counter-cyclical aid in August, 1979, and similar legislation is now ready for House action. It is important that Congress complete its action on this legislation early this year. Urban Policy Two years ago, I proposed the Nation's first comprehensive urban policy. That policy involved more than one hundred improvements in existing Federal programs, four new Executive Orders and nineteen pieces of urban-oriented legislation. With Congress' cooperation, fifteen of these bills have now been signed into law. Additional action is expected to put into place more of these proposals this year. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT One of the principal goals of my domestic policy has been to strengthen the private sector economic base of our Nation's economically troubled urban and rural areas. With Congress' cooperation, we have substantially expanded the Federal 143 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 government's economic development programs and provided new tax incentives for private investment in urban and rural communities. These programs have helped many communities to attract new private sector jobs and investments and to retain the jobs and investments that already are in place. When I took office, the Federal government was spending less than $300 million annually on economic development programs, and only $60 million of those funds in our Nation's urban areas. My FY 1980 budget requested more than $1.5 billion for economic development grants, loans and interest subsidies and more than $2.5 billion for loan guarantees. Approximately 60% of these funds will be spent in our Nation's urban areas. My FY 1981 budget continues these programs at these already high levels. In addition, we have extended the 10% investment credit to include rehabilitation of existing industrial facilities as well as new construction. This year we need to continue our progress by extending and expanding the programs of the Economic Development Administration. With Congress' cooperation, this legislation already has passed both the House and the Senate. Both the House and the Senate bills include the key elements of my original National Development Bank proposal and provide a substantial expansion of the economic development grant, loan, loan guarantee and interest subsidy programs of the Federal government. This legislation is vitally important to the economic revitalization and redevelopment of our Nation's economically troubled urban and rural areas. I am hopeful that the conferees will complete their work shortly so that we can get these essential programs underway. I continue to believe that the development of private sector investment and jobs is the key to revitalizing our Nation's eco nomically depressed urban and rural areas. To ensure that the necessary economic development goes forward, the Congress must enact legislation reauthorizing the programs of the Economic Development Administration. That legislation is now in Conference, and I urge the conferees to complete their work soon, so that we can provide a foundation for the economic development of our Nation in the 1980's. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT The partnership among Federal, State and local governments to revitalize our Nation's communities has been a high priority of my Administration. When I took office, I proposed a substantial expansion of the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program and the enactment of a new $400 million Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) program. Both of these programs have provided essential community and economic development assistance to our Nation's cities and counties. This year, I will ask Congress to reauthorize both the CDBG and UDAG programs. I will propose that the CDBG program be reauthorized for three more years, and that a $150 million increase in funding be provided by FY 1981. I also will propose that the UDAG program be extended for three years, and that $675 million be provided for this program in the upcoming fiscal year. These actions should help our Nation's cities and counties to continue the progress they have made in the last three years. RURAL POLICY Since the beginning of my Administration, we have taken steps to address the pressing needs of a changing and rapidly 144 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 growing rural America. For many rural areas, and for most rural residents, the last decade was a time of rapid growth and development. While this growth and development has produced higher income and increased jobs in rural communities, it has also created substantial housing, energy, transportation, health, and management problems. Last December I announced our Small Community and Rural Development Policy, which is the culmination of several years' work and is designed to address these pressing problems now affecting rural areas. The major elements of the policy involve: -Creation of the position of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Small Community and Rural Development to provide leadership in carrying out this policy. -Establishment of an inter-agency working group to assist in the implementation of this policy. -Appointment of a citizens Advisory Council to advise the President on the performance of the Federal government in the implementation of this policy and to recommend needed changes. -An invitation to the Nation's government-formed rural development councils to work in partnership with Federal agencies in delivering State and Federal programs to rural areas. -A directive to the working group to annually review existing and proposed policies, programs, and budget levels to determine their adequacy in meeting rural needs and fulfilling the policy objectives and principles. This is a landmark policy. It is the first time rural affairs has been given the prominence of a Presidential policy. Although many new program authorities for dealing with rural problems have been provided over the past two or three decades, there has been no institutional capacity at the Federal level for coordinating and focusing these efforts in a coherent and effective way. This policy provides that capacity, backed by my personal commitment to make it work. My Administration will be working with the Congress this year to pass legislation needed to fulfill the commitment of this rural policy initiative. Consumers CONSUMER REPRESENTATION Last September I signed an Executive Order designed to strengthen and coordinate Federal consumer programs and to establish procedures to improve and facilitate consumer participation in government decisionmaking. Under the Order, each Federal agency must adopt and implement its own strong consumer program. I also established an interagency Council to coordinate the Agencies' actions in responding to the Executive Order. This year, under the leadership of my Special Assistant for Consumer Affairs we will be working to make certain that the Order is faithfully implemented and that consumers receive better protection and assistance from Federal agencies. My Administration will continue to support efforts to provide financial assistance in regulatory proceedings to citizen groups, small businesses and others whose participation is limited by their economic circumstances. These programs are needed to balance the regulatory process by assuring opportunities for broad public involvement in these proceedings. Finally, the Administration will continue to support reform of class-action procedures to ease the unnecessary burdens and costs of class actions, while at the 145 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 same time preventing their use as an harassment technique. NATIONAL CONSUMER COOPERATIVE BANK My Administration worked closely with the Congress to create the National Consumer Cooperative Bank. The Bank is to provide loans, loan guarantees, and other financial services to non-profit consumer cooperatives, operating in such areas as food, housing, health, and auto repair. To demonstrate my commitment to this innovative institution, I have signed legislation increasing appropriations for the Bank from $4 million in fiscal 1979 to $74 million in fiscal 1980. Legislation has also been signed adding two members to the Bank's board of directors-one to represent the interests of small business and one to represent the general public. This year we will continue our efforts with Congress to make the Bank a strong and vital resource for consumers. CONSUMER SERVICES INFORMATION Genuine competition is lacking in many service industries because consumers generally lack comparative cost and quality information. To help alleviate this problem, my Administration will assist nonprofit groups and State and local government agencies to develop local consumer information systems to provide accurate cost and quality data on locally provided services. An essential part of this effort will be an evaluation of the impact of better consumer information on inflation and productivity in the service sector. Science SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Since the beginning of my Administration, I have been committed to strengthening our Nation's research and develop ment capability and to advancing those areas of science and technology which are vital to our economic and social wellbeing. That commitment has been reflected in: a 40% increase in basic research funding, resulting in the highest research and development funding in our Nation's history; a new Automotive Research initiative in which the industry, in partnership with the Federal government, will undertake basic research essential to help improve future automobiles; an acceleration of scientific and technological exchanges with the People's Republic of China; a major review of space activities and needs, resulting in a 60% increase in space funding and in the development of a space policy that will set the direction of our space efforts over the next decade; and a major new program to encourage industrial innovation. Each of the undertakings will be pursued, in cooperation with the Congress, in this year. SPACE The diversity of our activities in space shows that space technology has become an integral part of our lives-in communications, in remote sensing for defense and civilian purposes, and in studies of the earth and the universe. Guided by a sound, aggressive, and fiscally responsible space policy, my Administration has undertaken a concerted effort to support and further our space activities. During my Administration, the expenditures for Federal space programs have increased by 75%o. Much of this increase is to meet the increasingly operational nature of our space activities. Nearly half of our expenditures are now for defense purposes; photo-reconnaissance satellites, for example, are enormously important in stabilizing world affairs and thereby make a significant contribution to the security 146 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 of all nations. And my new initiative to establish an oceanic satellite system will provide invaluable ocean data for both the civil and defense sectors, thereby avoiding unnecessary duplication. I have also emphasized space science and exploration, continuing to fund such spectacular programs as the Voyager missions that provided us with the remarkable close-up views of Jupiter and its moons. I am proposing two new measures-the space telescope and the new Gamma Ray Observatory to provide a unique capability to observe distant galaxies and to obtain information about our universe from outside the earth's obscuring atmosphere. In 1980, I will continue my strong support for the space program. That will be reflected in my budget and in my continued commitment to the space shuttle. Arts & Humanities ARTS The arts provide fundamental enrichment for our Nation. The National Endowment for the Arts has played a major role in focusing public attention on the arts. In doing so, the Endowment has brought wider audiences from all parts of the country into contact with all of the arts. Since the beginning of my term, I have increased the government's support for the Endowment's activities. I will continue that record of expanded support again this year. This will enable the Endowment to strengthen its efforts to open the arts to new audiences, new forums, and new parts of the country. HUMANITIES The humanities play a vital role in deepening our understanding of culture and society. To enable the National Endowment for the Humanities to continue its important efforts, I will again be proposing increased funding for the Endowment. While maintaining the on-going programs aiding scholarly research, education, and cultural interpretation, the Endowment will use these increased funds to augment its support for: * research designed to increase our understanding of the traditions, cultures, and directions of countries in the Third World; * studies exploring the complex public and ethical issues created by an increasingly technological society; and * efforts to preserve the priceless documents and other materials that constitute the heritage of this Nation and of its regional and ethnic communities. To bring the fruits of this work to increasing numbers of the public at large, support will be provided for humanities activities in libraries, museums, and media, as well as for a variety of special activities tailored to the needs of groups that have traditionally not had ready access to opportunities for learning in the humanities. In pursuing these objectives, the Endowment will concentrate on using Federal funds to stimulate support from nonFederal sources, in order to enhance our tradition of private philanthropy and to expand the financial base of our cultural institutions. 'District of Columbia No longer is our Nation's Capital a convenient target for misdirected political attacks. My Administration has developed a partnership for progress with the District of Columbia. 147 Jan. 2 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 My Administration worked with the last Congress to pass a proposed Constitutional amendment granting full voting representation to the citizens of our Nation's Capital. The ratification process for this proposed amendment has begun and I urge the State legislatures which have not ratified the resolution to join those which have. We will continue our efforts this year in the ratification effort. Last year, progress was made toward strengthening the District's ability to meet its citizens' needs. With the Congress' help, we enacted legislation authorizing construction of the full METRO Mass Transit System and legislation funding the District's pension plan for municipal employees. In 1980, we will build on this record. My Administration will continue to work closely with the Congress and Mayor Barry to expand home rule for the District, including development of a sensible formula for determining the Federal payment to the District. I will continue working with Mayor Barry to make our Nation's Capital City a model for the rest of the Nation. Commission on the Holocaust Last year, I received and approved the recommendations of the President's Commission on the Holocaust, which I established to assess how our government might officially recognize, for the first time, the tragedy of the Holocaust. I will shortly be appointing a Council of distinguished Americans to develop ways to implement the Commission's proposals. The Council and my Administration will work closely with the Congress as we establish an appropriate memorial to the six million Jews and the millions of other victims of Nazism during World War II. IV. MAKING GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT One of my major commitments as a candidate was to make the Federal government more effective and efficient. Over the past three years, with Congress' help, I believe that enormous progress has been made toward that goal. Reforms thought to be impossible-such as Civil Service Reform-have been enacted. Regulatory burdens-such as airline regulation and government paperwork-have been reduced or eliminated. This coming year, I intend to work with the Congress to improve further the government's ability to serve the nation effectively. GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION One of my highest priorities has been to improve the quality and efficiency of Federal programs through reorganization. Since I took office, we have submitted 13 reorganization initiatives to Congress, and Congress has approved all of them. These initiatives have strengthened the Federal government's capacity to deal effectively with such critical issues as energy, civil service, disaster relief, civil rights, international development assistance, education and trade. In 1979, Congress approved legislation that I sought to consolidate education programs in a new Cabinet department. The Department of Education will provide full-time leadership, improved management and direct accountability for its performance to me, to the Congress and to those involved in education at every level. This month I put into effect a major reorganization of the Federal government's trade functions approved by Congress last year. In conjunction with the Multilateral Trade Negotiations Agree 148 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 ments this reorganization will ensure that expanded trade opportunities for American business abroad are fully realized, and that my goal of trade expansion is given a higher priority by the Federal government. Organizational initiatives are also an important part of my energy program. We have consolidated enforcement functions for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System under a single Federal Inspector to ensure timely completion of the natural gas pipeline. To reduce our dependence on foreign oil, I have proposed the creation of an Energy Mobilization Board which will expedite Federal, State, and local decisions on proposed energy facilities. I am also urging the Congress to approve creation of an Energy Security Corporation to spur development of a domestic fuels industry. This year I will propose to Congress another significant reorganization: a plan which will strengthen the internal management and effectiveness of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Safety is our highest concern in regulating nuclear power development, and my reorganization plan will help improve the NRC's ability to ensure nuclear safety. GENERAL MANAGEMENT REFORM To simplify the government for our citizens and to reduce the burden of unnecessary requirements and regulations, we will pursue a number of initiatives this year. We have instituted a governmentwide management system to mandate the cost effectiveness of new regulations and the sunsetting of old ones. In 1980, we will continue to pursue further reform of regulations through legislation designed to make permanent a new framework for managing the regulatory process, and leg islation to reduce paperwork and red tape. We will also pursue initiatives to simplify the eligibility requirements for human services programs and to improve the management and delivery of social services through increased use of private sector skills and talent. This reform will reduce the obstacles for needy citizens seeking assistance and improve our ability to remove fraud from the system. Last year, we implemented a program to manage the government's cash flow more efficiently. We have saved over $450 million a year, and we expect further annual savings of $600 million through more timely collection of cash payments, tighter control over disbursements and reductions in idle balances. We have vigorously implemented legislation passed last year to establish independent inspectors general in each department and coordinated their work through the Executive Group to Combat Fraud and Waste in Government. To spot areas where management reform is especially likely to increase efficiency, I have created a Management Improvement Council to diagnose such circumstances and prescribe a cure. We will continue to pursue vigorously our efforts to improve the structure and management of government programs. This is tough, unglamorous work, but it is essential to reduce the cost of government and to provide better service to the American people. CIVIL SERVICE AND COMPENSATION REFORM In March 1978 I said that civil service reform would be the centerpiece of my government reorganization efforts. The Congress supported it, and I am pleased to report it is working very well. In the 149 Jan. 2 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 first real test of the reform act, over 98% of the eligible top-level managers joined the Senior Executive Service, choosing the challenge and accountability demanded by this new corps of top executives. The Office of Personnel Management, the Merit Systems Protection Board, and the Federal Labor Relations Authority authorized by the Act have operated effectively in their first year. And the agencies throughout the government continue to make substantial progress in implementing the other important civil service reforms. For the first time in the hundred year history of the civil service system Federal employees can get and hold jobs, and be paid, on the basis of actual on-the-job performance-not merely length of service. Last year, I asked the Congress to take the next step in my Federal Employee Compensation Reform Message. I urged you to pass a pay reform bill which would modernize the Federal* compensation system. This legislation is fair to Federal employees and to American taxpayers alike. Our white collar, blue collar and military compensation systems must be reformed in order to make certain that we neither overpay nor underpay Federal employees. It is a fair bill, and one which will help restore public confidence in the Federal service. I urge Congressional action on it. REGULATORY REFORM Over the past three years, we have put into place a comprehensive program to overhaul the Federal regulatory establishment, and eliminate unnecessary regulatory burdens. For 1980, I am determined to continue the progress of this effort; it is the most important part of my ongoing campaign to make our government more efficient and effective. Airline deregulation. The Airline De regulation Act of 1978 has revolutionized air transportation. In the first year of its operation, the new environment of free competition created by the law produced a record number of flights and passengers, a much wider variety of service packages, and a savings of approximately $2.5 billion in the fares paid by the travelling public. Under the Act, regulatory controls will continue to be relaxed, until in 1985, the CAB itself will be completely phased out of existence. Trucking deregulation. The trucking industry is enmeshed in detailed regulations that control the routes truckers can drive and the goods they can carry. In addition, truckers are allowed to fix prices through industry rate bureaus. This regulatory system works to stifle competition, waste fuel, reduce service to small towns, and inflate prices. My appointees to the Interstate Commerce Commission have started modernizing the system, but we need legislation to provide comprehensive reform. I have submitted a bill to open up entry, lift restrictions on the goods truckers may haul and the routes they may use, promote vigorous price competition, reduce regulatory delays, and improve safety on the road. This bill is an important step in fighting inflation, and I look forward to passage of a sound bill by early summer. If appropriate legislation is not enacted, I would expect the ICC to proceed under its authority to implement reform initiatives. In addition, we need legislation to increase competition in the household moving industry. The Senate recently passed a constructive bill, and I urge the House to strengthen and pass it. Railroad deregulation. Railroads have traditionally been one of the most overregulated industries in America. As a result, management initiative, service, and 150 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 competitive pricing have been stifled. Railroad plants and equipment have deteriorated, and the average railroad industry rate of return on investment is far too low. My Administration will continue to work to eliminate these wasteful conditions and the regulatory structure which helps cause them. Our principal weapon in that effort is the railroad deregulation bill that I proposed last year. Enactment of significant railroad deregulation legislation this year is essential to restoring our railroad system to its former strength. Financial institutions regulation. Last year the combination of deposit rate ceilings and outmoded restrictions on the asset powers of thrift institutions produced severe inequities for the small saver, substantial savings outflows from many thrift institutions, and disruptions in the availability of mortgage credit. Contrary to its intended purpose, the Regulation Q system has contributed to the cyclical nature of the housing market and has destabilized the flow of mortgage funds. In a related area, changing competitive relationships, as well as innovations in the market, have increased inequities and produced a continuing decline in Federal Reserve membership. Now is the time to take the actions necessary to prepare for the financial environment of the 1980's. The Congress passed legislation in 1979 which increased the ability of many Americans to obtain mortgage credit. In addition, the Congress made major progress toward enactment of the historic financial reform legislation I proposed last year. This year we will work closely with Congress to achieve final approval of our financial reform objectives: the phaseout of Regulation Q deposit rate ceilings, the broadening of the asset and liability process of thrift institutions, the approval of legislation to stem the decline in Federal Reserve membership, and the elimination of other unwarranted regulatory restraints. Prompt action is necessary to avert a significant decline in Federal Reserve membership and to assure a fair rate of return to the saver, a steadier flow of housing credit, and a stable financial environment for all classes of depository institutions. This spring I will submit to the Congress the Administration's findings on the McFadden Act and other geographic restraints on banking activity. Telecommunications deregulation. Technological advances, such as satellites, computers, and microwave relays, have made it practical to move much of the telecommunications industry from a regulated monopoly to a deregulated, competitive market. This shift is already underway and is benefitting individual customers as well as companies. Toward that end, I will continue to support strongly ongoing efforts in Congress to pass a bill that will encourage and protect competition, remove needless regulation, and maintain universal, reliable service. In addition, we need this legislation to smooth the transition to a competitive environment by protecting workers' rights, ensuring against any large increases for rural telephone rates and providing needed national security and emergency preparedness powers. Regulation Reform Act. In March of 1979, I sent to Congress the Regulation Reform Act. When enacted, this bill will assure that new and existing regulations will be rigorously scrutinized before they can be issued or retained, that wasteful delays are eliminated from the regulatory process, that key regulatory officials be selected purely on grounds of integrity and competence, and that the public will be assured meaningful opportunities to participate in regulatory decision-making. The reform steps I have taken adminis 151 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tratively have already avoided billions of dollars in unnecessary regulatory costs, erased thousands of useless regulations from the books of OSHA and other agencies, and opened up the regulatory process across the Executive Branch. Enactment of my regulatory reform bill legislation is needed in this Congress, to strengthen these reforms, and extend their benefits to the independent regulatory commissions. Presidential oversight of regulation. Many regulatory programs are vital to the protection of the health, safety and welfare of our citizens. These we must manage effectively, while cutting out wasteful red tape, rigidity, and costs imposed on industry and the public, and enhancing opportunities for public participation in decision-making. From the outset of my Administration, I have actively used my authority as President to assure that Executive Branch regulatory agencies respect these goals, through executive orders, through oversight from the Office of Management and Budget, through a Regulatory Analysis Review Group to assure that regulatory costs are accurately evaluated, and through a Regulatory Council to eliminate duplication and overlap among individual agencies. We will pursue these efforts in 1980. Legislative Veto. While supporting the Regulation Reform Act, I will strongly oppose proposals that would undermine the ability of the President to manage the regulatory process, or would cripple the effectiveness of needed programs. In particular, my Administration will oppose proposals to subject individual agency rules to veto by one or two houses of Congress, to transfer regulatory policy decision-making authority to the Federal courts, and to create rigid statutory procedures for Presidential supervision of Executive Branch regulatory agencies. This last year has seen Congress be sieged by assaults on various important regulatory statutes, especially the Federal Trade Commission Act, seeking groundless exemptions, crippling loopholes, and unprecedented Congressional interference with ongoing proceedings. I will resist strenuously all such efforts to confuse special interest pressure with regulatory reform. COMMUNICATIONS My highest priority in the communications area is passage of regulatory reform legislation covering the telecommunications industry. In addition, in 1980 we will continue our program to make the media more diverse and to ensure that the public gets the full benefit of the advances in communications technologies. Administration efforts include: * working to increase minority participation; already our program has helped produce a two-thirds increase in minority ownership of broadcast stations, and we will continue that progress; * working with the Federal Communications Commission to continue to eliminate needless paperwork and regulations; * pursuing plans to open up channels for as many as 1,000 new radio stations, to improve service to rural areas and provide more opportunities for minorities; * developing proposals to improve the way frequencies are assigned, including incentives for users to conserve the increasingly crowded radio spectrum; * encouraging the use of satellites, cable TV, and other technologies to deliver public services and to improve rural communications; * working with Congress and the FCC to protect First Amendment rights 152 sr ~ II 1 I _I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 and the free flow of information, through such measures as my bill on police searches of newsrooms; and * continuing to support a strong, independent public broadcasting system and working to increase its coverage to reach all Americans. In addition, I will submit to the Senate, later this year, the Treaty and Protocol that resulted from the World Administrative Radio Conference concluded in Geneva in December. This conference, and the follow-up conferences that will be held in the next few years, will determine the utilization of the radio spectrum for the rest of the century. We prepared for this conference for over two years; our delegation has secured for the United States all allocations necessary for its civilian and military services while also responding to the legitimate needs of the Third World nations. SUNSET We will continue to work with Congress to pass sunset legislation. This legislation will overcome the inertia that lets Federal programs continue when they have outlived their purpose. It will ensure that Congress regularly reviews programs to decide whether they should be changed or eliminated. A comprehensive sunset bill, with a strong mechanism to force action when programs need change, is a vital building-block toward making the government more efficient. PAPERWORK REDUCTION In the past three years, my Administration has cut the amount of time Americans spend filling out Federal forms by 127 million hours-almost 15%. I recently issued an Executive Order to continue this progress by strengthening our management program. However, Congress is en acting new paperwork requirements in energy, environmental protection, and other areas, and we must have legislation to provide the strong administrative controls that will be needed to minimize these burdens. I urge Congress to pass a Paperwork Reduction Act to close the wide loopholes in Executive Branch oversight power and create new authority to halt duplicative data collection. In addition, I urge legislation be enacted to improve Federal statistical systems by strengthening central management and by encouraging agencies to share data, under new, tough confidentiality safeguards. LOBBY REFORM The American people have a right to know what significant influences affect their national legislature. The proliferation of well-financed, organizational lobbying activities during recent years has demonstrated the clear need for reform of the outdated and ineffective lobby disclosure law now in effect. This year my Administration will again work with Congress to pass a sound lobby law reform bill-one that respects the First Amendment rights of all Americans and minimizes paperwork burdens, yet allows meaningful disclosures. PUBLIC FINANCING OF CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS The impact of special interest contributions on congressional campaigns has grown dramatically in recent years. It is time to adopt public financing for congressional elections before it is too late. Such public financing will avoid even the appearance of undue special interest influence, and will allow worthy candidates without adequate funds to run for Con 153 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 gress. I urge the Congress to act on this legislation. J UDICIAL REFORM In my Civil Justice Reform Message last year, I made proposals to increase the efficiency, cut the cost, and enhance the integrity of our Federal court system. Last year, I signed the Federal Magistrates Act of 1979. Both the Senate and the House have passed the Dispute Resolution Act, which would develop simple and informal means of resolving citizen disputes, and I look forward to early final action on this legislation. The Federal Courts Improvement Act has passed the Senate, and I urge the House to act on it early in this session. I hope that the Congress will also pass the other bills recommended in my Message, such as the one which would curtail diversity jurisdiction. LEAA LEAA's potential to improve and strengthen State and local criminal justice programs has never been realized. Two years ago, I proposed far-reaching reforms in its structure and programs. Last month, Congress passed, and I signed, a bill which incorporated most of those reforms and which reauthorized LEAA for four more years. These reforms will preclude excessive expenditure of funds for equipment, enable better information and research about crime problems and permit funding only of innovative programs which have a high probability or record of proven success. During this year we will implement the new legislation in a way that makes certain the agency is efficiently carrying out its mission of providing meaningful law enforcement assistance. PATENT REFORM As part of the Industrial Innovation policy that I announced last year, we will be seeking to reform our patent laws in a way which will spur creativity and invention. The Administration will be working with Congress to develop a single policy to guide the Departments and Agencies dealing with patents resulting from federally-sponsored research. Such uniform treatment should encourage the commercial use of discoveries while protecting the taxpayers' investment. V. PROTECTING BASIC RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES Since taking office, I have worked to protect and enhance the basic rights and liberties guaranteed to Americans under the Constitution and our other laws. With your cooperation, we have made important progress in this area. This year, though, important work remains to be done if our goal of ensuring equality and basic freedoms for all Americans is to be realized. The dream of equal opportunity remains unfulfilled. I will do whatever I can to bring that dream closer to realization. EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT I am committed as strongly as possible to the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Its ratification this year will be one of my highest priorities. As a result of our efforts in 1978, the Equal Rights Amendment's deadline for ratification was extended for three years. We have now two years and three States left. We cannot afford any delay in marshalling our resources and efforts to obtain the ratification of those three additional States. With your help, I believe we can succeed this year. 154 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 Although the Congress has no official role in the ratification process at this point, you do have the ability to affect public opinion and the support of State Legislators for the Amendment. I urge Members from States which have not yet ratified the Equal Rights Amendment to use that ability. CIVIL RIGHTS The completion of the civil rights reorganization and significant operational improvements in the agencies that carry out equal employment opportunity functions have enabled the federal government to shift its focus for the first time to largescale enforcement efforts. These have been buttressed by our vigorous and successful posture in several landmark affirmative action cases. At the same time, the reorganization mandate to eliminate unnecessary costs, paperwork and other burdens to businesses is being vigorously implemented by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. That will continue with increased resources this year. To make certain that civil rights activities are given the highest priority in the Agencies, we have created a civil rights unit in the Office of Management and Budget. This new unit will monitor civil rights enforcement and advise the Director of OMB on the funding and management resources needed for effective enforcement. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led this Nation's effort to provide all its citizens with civil rights and equal opportunities. His commitment to human rights, peace and non-violence stands as a monument to his humanity and courage. As one of our Nation's most outstanding leaders, it is appropriate that his birthday be commemorated as a national holiday, and I will continue to work with the Congress to enact legislation that will achieve this goal. FAIR HOUSING Enforcement of laws against housing discrimination has lagged in comparison with the employment area. Because there is no adequate enforcement mechanism, Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits discrimination in housing, has been largely ineffective. I have strongly supported legislation which seeks to provide the Department of Housing and Urban Development with the power to hold administrative hearings and to issue "cease and desist orders" in cases where Title VIII has been violated. We will continue to work with the Congress during 1980 to enact this long-overdue authority. Its enactment will continue to be my highest legislative priority in the civil rights area. INTELLIGENCE CHARTERS A legislative charter for the intelligence agencies and a charter for the FBI are long overdue. The failure to define in law the duties and responsibilities of these agencies has made possible some of the abuses which have occurred in recent years. Several months ago, I submitted to the Congress a legislative charter for the FBI which protects the rights of our citizens while preserving the Bureau's ability to meet its important responsibilities. In 1980, we will continue to work with the Congress toward enactment of this legislation. Events of the past year indicate the need for a strengthened and clearly defined role for our intelligence community. 155 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 On the basis of the sound consultative work done already with Congress, I plan to submit a proposed charter early this year. HATCH ACT REFORM Federal employees who work in nonsensitive positions should have the right to participate in off-the-job political activities. My Administration will continue to support legislation which would reform the Hatch Act to accomplish this goal, and would prevent any on-the-job political abuse. CRIMINAL CODE The Federal criminal laws are often archaic, frequently contradictory and imprecise, and clearly in need of revision and codification. My Administration will continue to work with the Congress to develop a Federal criminal code which simplifies and clarifies our criminal laws, while maintaining our basic civil liberties and protections. LABOR LAW REFORM Our labor laws are vital to ensuring that a sound labor-management relationship exists in collective bargaining. Efforts to abuse those labor laws, especially by unduly slowing or blocking their implementation, have increased in recent years. As a result, a reform of our labor laws is badly needed to guarantee that their intended spirit is fully observed and enforced. I am again ready to work with the Congress to develop legislation which improves the fairness and effectiveness of our labor laws. HANDICAPPED During my Administration, we have made great strides toward ending dis crimination against handicapped people through broadened employment opportunities, educational opportunities, and greater access to public facilities and services. Just after I came to office, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare issued the first regulations on Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Since then, numerous other Federal agencies have issued final regulations, and we expect to have regulations from all the necessary agencies by the end of 1980. Last year I supported legislation which would prohibit discrimination against the handicapped in private employment and housing. I will continue to support that initiative this year and to clarify legislative and administrative uncertainty about provisions of the Acts affecting the rights or programs affecting handicapped individuals. While my Administration has worked to improve programs serving the handicapped, we must continue to push for removal of psychological and physical barriers against handicapped people in our society. We are actively organizing and preparing for next year's International Year of the Disabled. The InternationalYear will enable this country-with the public and private sector working together-to demonstrate its commitment to the disabled and to teach or learn from other nations about ways to advance the quality of life of handicapped individuals. PRIVACY Changes in our society are threatening the rights to personal privacy. Government and private institutions collect increasing amounts of information about individuals. Many decisions that once were made face-to-face are now based on recorded data, and modern technology allows this data to be transferred through 156 -41p Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 out the country instantaneously. Much of this information must be collected and used to enforce the laws, provide financial services, and for other important services. However, these needs must be balanced against the right to privacy and against the harm that unfair uses of information can cause. Last year, I announced the government's first comprehensive privacy program, building on legislation already passed to prevent improper use of wiretaps and improper access to personal bank records. This new program has five separate bills-establishing privacy safeguards for medical, research, bank, insurance, and credit records and providing special protections, modeled on the wiretap laws, for electronic funds transfer systems. In addition, I have proposed legislation limiting police searches of newsrooms to deal with the problems created by the Supreme Court's Stanford Daily decision. My privacy program includes non-legislative action as well. We have improved the handling of Federal records-we stopped the growth of personnel records and started cutting back, and we established rules to control computer matching of Federal files. I have called upon employers to establish voluntary privacy codes for the records concerning their employees and launched nationwide hearings to promote that effort. International guidelines are needed to protect the privacy of personal information transferred from one country to another, while avoiding disruption of needed information flows. We have spearheaded work in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development toward this end, and guidelines have been drafted for adoption this year. The key protections, however, need legislation. I urge Congress to act now on the five privacy bills I have submitted. VI. PROTECTING AND DEVELOPING OUR NATURAL RESOURCES Two of our Nation's greatest natural resources are our environment and our fertile agricultural capacity. Since I have been in office, I have worked with the Congress to preserve, protect and where appropriate, develop our natural resources. In the environmental areas, I have been concerned about the importance of preserving a clean environment, and have taken a number of major actions designed to foster such an environment. In the agricultural area, I have taken the steps needed to improve farm incomes and increase our agricultural production to record levels. With your help we can continue to make progress in both of these areas in 1980. ENVIRONMENT Balancing the need for resource development and conservation has been a major environmental theme of my Administration. I remain strongly convinced that this Nation can have economic and energy development and adequate environmental protection. As we open the decade of the 80's, all Americans can be proud of their natural and cultural heritage which continues to satisfy economic, recreational, and spiritual requirements. 1980 is the tenth anniversary of a decade of environmental awareness that began on Earth Day, 1970. During this past decade, monumental legislative achievements have occurred. These include: the National Environmental Policy Act, the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, additions to our National Parks, Trails, and River Systems, and the Endangered Species Act. I was pleased to sign into law the reauthorization of the Endan 157 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 gered Species Act last year. During 1980 as we celebrate this tenth anniversary let us rededicate ourselves to the creation and maintenance of a safe and healthy environment, to the wise use and development of our natural resources, to the fair implementation of environmental statutes, to preserving unique wildlife resources, and to even greater achievements for improving the quality of life for all Americans. During the next year, my Administration will vigorously pursue the protection of Alaskan lands; the implementation of an effective water resources policy; a careful implementation of domestic energy production programs, with proper regard for environmental values; a review of wilderness potential on the public lands; creation of a hazardous waste management program; fisheries development and coastal management policies. ALASKA LANDS Passage of legislation which adequately resolves the allocation of Federal lands in Alaska continues to be my highest environmental priority. At stake is the fate of tens of millions of acres of beautiful land, outstanding and unique wildlife populations, native cultures, and the opportunity to ensure that future generations of Americans will be able to experience and benefit from these nationally significant resources. The proposals which I have supported in the 95th Congress, and again during the first session of this Congress, assure that Alaska's great national treasures can be preserved, while providing for increased domestic energy production and for the economic needs of all Alaskans. In addition to recommendations for designating National Parks, Wildlife Refuges, Wilderness Areas, National Forests, and Wild and Scenic Rivers on the Federal lands in Alaska, I have or will be proposing aggressive but environmentally sensitive oil and gas development programs in Alaska's outer continental shelf and National Petroleum Reserve. My Administration is also stepping up the transfer of 103 million acres of Federal land to the State of Alaska and 44 million acres to Alaskan natives so that both the State of Alaska and the Native Corporations can build their economic base. However, in order to maintain the proper balance between resource protection and development in Alaska, the Congress must now enact the comprehensive legislation which has been before that body for over two years. The 96th Congress will soon be asked to vote on what clearly amounts to the conservation decision of the century. The House of Representatives has already passed a strong conservation bill and the Senate will shortly take up debate on this issue. I urge that the Congress carry out its responsibility to enact legislation which truly protects and preserves our natural heritage in Alaska. HAZARDOUS WASTE/TOXIC SUBSTANCES One of the most important environmental and public health issues facing our Nation is the threat caused by the improper disposal of hazardous substances. Accidents like those at Love Canal and Valley of the Drums have highlighted the inadequacy of the existing laws and inability of governments at all levels to respond quickly and efficiently to these dangerous incidents. In the coming years, there may be thousands of hazardous waste sites which will need attention, the cost of which could be enormous. Clearly an effective public policy is needed to deal with this situation. 158 ~~8 II I II Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 Last June, I submitted to Congress a comprehensive $1.6 billion legislative proposal that establishes a system to deal with releases from uncontrollable hazardous waste sites as well as spills of oil and hazardous substances. This system includes provisions for emergency government response, effective enforcement, liability and in some cases, economic compensation. The system also calls for a partnership with the States in cleaning up and containing this problem. This legislation is absolutely essential if we are to meet our responsibilities to the public and I urge the Congress to act on it expeditiously. NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT The problems related to the management, disposal and storage of nuclear wastes remains one of the most serious problems with nuclear power. My Administration has been deeply concerned with this problem for the past three years. An exhaustive study and review of this problem has been undertaken by the Administration over the past year. Based on the findings and recommendations of that study, I will soon be proposing to Congress comprehensive legislation that deals directly with this problem. My proposals, if enacted, will represent the biggest step forward in the area of nuclear waste management since the dawn of the nuclear age. I urge the Congress to take action in this area this year. RARE II In 1979, I submitted to Congress my recommendations on wilderness for the National Forests under the RARE II procedure. These proposals include 15.4 million acres of new wilderness-the most desirable areas within the vast review. Over 10 million acres are undergoing further study. In addition, I directed the Forest Service to release for multiple use management the 36 million acres of land that was designated for non-wilderness. I urge the Congress to approve my recommendations this year. WATER POLICY LEGISLATION Sound water management is vital to the economic and environmental health of our Nation. Administrative implementation of the comprehensive water policy initiatives which I announced in June of 1978 is nearing completion. We will continue to work with the Congress to pass legislation needed to improve further Federal water resources programs and to support the States in their primary responsibilities for water allocation and management. I am pleased that last fall the Senate authorized an expanded grant program to the States for water management and water conservation technical assistance, and I expect the House to soon pass this legislation. The cost sharing bill which I have proposed is critically needed to give the States a more effective voice in setting water project priorities in state and Federal water policy decisions. I believe the establishment of an independent review unit in the Water Resources Council is essential, and I urge the Congress to act quickly on the pending authorization. The independent review unit will provide an objective, impartial, technical analysis to the Administration and to the Congress, of water projects proposed for authorization or new-start construction funding. This information will enable the Administration and the Congress to make better informed decisions on where to invest the taxpayers' water resource dollars. It should be clear that my Administra 159 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tion supports sound water resources development, and has taken several steps to improve the quality of projects sent to Congress for authorization and funding. I am concerned that the water projects authorization bills now under consideration by Congress threaten to overturn the progress made in recent years. I urge the Congress to give this legislation the careful and thoughtful scrutiny required by our joint commitment to restraining Federal spending and ensuring a sound environment. FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT Last May, my Administration proposed a fisheries development policy that recognizes both the importance of the U.S. commercial fishing industry to the Nation's economy and that fish is an important food source. This policy includes a recognition of the potential for fisheries expansion within the Nation's 200-mile fisheries conservation zone, and the importance of the Federal government's creating a positive climate for fisheries development. In conjunction with this policy, my Administration has sent a legislative proposal on fisheries development to the Congress. It is time that the United States begin taking action to more fully utilize the fisheries resources of the 200-mile economic zone. I urge the Congress to join with me in this effort. Agriculture AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS While much work remains to be done, America's agriculture is by far the best in the world. Efforts made by my Administration, in cooperation with Congress, to secure economic stability for the farmer, have produced results. In 1979, we experienced another record year for farm production. Net farm income jumped to $32 billion in 1979, a $4 billion increase over 1978. Agricultural exports also reached new highs, rising 18% in 1979 to $32 billion. Despite the suspension of exports to the Soviet Union, we can expect a continued healthy export picture for our Nation's farmers. Last year the Secretary of Agriculture travelled around the country and conducted an extraordinarily detailed and creative dialogue with the Nation's farmers. He obtained invaluable suggestions on economic and social issues concerning farm life; as we prepare our farm program for this year and beyond, the advice of our Nation's farmers will clearly be reflected in the policies we develop with the Congress. SOVIET GRAIN SUSPENSION In response to the Soviet armed invasion of Afghanistan on Christmas Eve, I took several actions to demonstrate our Nation's resolve to resist such hostile acts of aggression against a sovereign, independent nation. One of the most important of these actions was the suspension of grain sales to the Soviet Union beyond the 8 million tons provided under our 1975 grains agreement. The Soviet Union had intended to purchase an estimated 25 million tons of U.S. wheat and feed grains. Thus, the suspension of sales above the 8 million ton agreement level is expected to result in the freeing of about 17 million tons. My decision to suspend these sales was a difficult one, but a necessary one. We could not continue to do business as usual with the Soviet Union while it is invading an independent, sovereign nation in an area of the world of strategic importance to the United States. I am fully com 160 y- -- -- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 mitted to a policy of promoting international trade, and particularly the expanded export of U.S. agricultural products. I am proud of my Administration's record in this regard. Because of the aggressive efforts of American farmers and businessmen, working in cooperation with Federal representatives, and the provision of new authorities by Congress, we have set new export records in each of the past 3 years. Even with the Soviet suspension, we intend to set still another record in the coming year. In making my decisions on the suspension, I believed it would be unfair to ask the American farmer to bear a greater share of the burden and sacrifice than their fellow Americans were asked to bear. Farmers should not be penalized simply because they are part of an agricultural machine that is of growing strategic importance in the world. To protect American farmers from the price depressing effects of the grain suspension, I directed the Secretary of Agriculture to take several actions: * The Commodity Credit Corporation will assume the contractual obligations for grain previously committed for shipment to the Soviet Union. * The Department of Agriculture, acting through the Commodity Credit Corporation, will purchase wheat contracted for export to the Soviet Union for the purpose of forming an emergency international wheat reserve. In this connection, I will propose legislation authorizing release of this wheat for international aid purposes. * To encourage farmers to place additional grain in the farmer-held grain reserve, the Secretary of Agriculture has made several modifications in that important program. * The Commodity Credit Corporation will purchase corn at the local level to alleviate the congestion within the transportation system caused by the refusal of the International Longshoremen's Association to load grain up to the 8 million metric ton level. In combination, these actions are expected to isolate from the market an amount of grain equivalent to that not shipped to the Soviet Union, thereby avoiding a decline in grain prices. I am pleased to report that these actions are having the desired results and that American farmers are being protected from the effects of the suspension. If further actions are necessary to insure that American agriculture does not bear a disproportionately large share of the burden associated with this action, I will not hesitate to take them. CROP INSURANCE We now have an assortment of Federal loan, grant and insurance programs designed to protect farmers from the economic risks associated with natural disasters. We recognized early in my Administration that these programs were in serious need of reform. They are marked by many shortcomings: inconsistencies in eligibility, inequities in the level of benefits to producers of different crops, and inefficiencies in the use of taxpayer money. Recent evidence of abuse in the agricultural disaster loan programs provides further evidence of the need for this reform. I have sent the Congress a proposal to consolidate these authorities in the form of an all-risk comprehensive insurance program. Congress has made clear progress in devising an improved crop insurance program, but work remains to be done. I urge the Congress to finish its work on this legislation as soon as possible. 161 Jan. 2 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY WHEAT RESERVE The Congress has not yet acted on the proposal I made in the last Session to create an International Emergency Wheat Reserve. This reserve of up to 4 million tons of wheat would be used to assure recipient nations that we will meet our international food aid commitments. The suspension of further grain sales to the Soviet Union provides an appropriate opportunity to provide this authority, and thereby establish guidelines for the release of wheat now being acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation. FOREIGN POLICY From the time I assumed office three years ago this month, I have stressed the need for this country to assert a leading role in a world undergoing the most extensive and intensive change in human history. My policies have been directed in particular at three areas of change: -the steady growth and increased projection abroad of Soviet military power-power that has grown faster than our own over the past two decades. -the overwhelming dependence of Western nations, which now increasingly includes the United States, on vital oil supplies from the Middle East.. -the pressures of change in many nations of the developing world, including the year old revolution in Iran and uncertainty about the future in many other countries. As a result of those fundamental facts, we face some of the most serious challenges in the history of this Nation. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is a threat to global peace, to East-West relations, and to regional stability and to the flow of oil. As the unprecedented and overwhelming vote in the General Assembly demonstrated, countries across the world-and particularly the non-aligned-regard the Soviet invasion as a threat to their independence and security. Turmoil within the region adjacent to the Persian Gulf poses risks for the security and prosperity of every Western nation and thus for the entire global economy. The continuing holding of American hostages in Iran is both an affront to civilized people everywhere, and a serious impediment to meeting the self-evident threat to widelyshared common interests-including those of Iran. But as we focus our most urgent efforts on pressing problems, we will continue to pursue the benefits that only change can bring. For it always has been the essence of America that we want to move on-we understand that prosperity, progress and most of all peace cannot be had by standing still. A world of nations striving to preserve their independence, and of peoples aspiring for economic development and political freedom, is not a world hostile to the ideals and interests of the United States. We face powerful adversaries, but we have strong friends and dependable allies. We have common interests with the vast majority of the world's nations and peoples. There have been encouraging developments in recent years, as well as matters requiring continued vigilance and concern: -Our alliances with the world's most advanced and democratic states from Western Europe through Japan are stronger than ever. -We have helped to bring about a dramatic improvement in relations between Egypt and Israel and an historic step to 162 41 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 wards a comprehensive Arab-Israeli settlement. -Our relations with China are growing closer, providing a major new dimension in our policy in Asia and the world. -And across southern Africa from Rhodesia to Namibia we are helping with the peaceful transition to majority rule in a context of respect for minority as well as majority rights. The central challenge for us today is to our steadfastness of purpose. We are no longer tempted by isolationism. But we must also learn to deal effectively with the contradiction of the world-the need to cooperate with potential adversaries without euphoria, without undermining our determination to compete with such adversaries and if necessary confront the threats they may pose to our security. We face a broad range of threats and opportunities. We have and should continue to pursue a broad range of defense, diplomatic and economic capabilities and objectives. I see five basic goals for America in the world over the 1980's: -First, we will continue, as we have over the past three years, to build America's military strength and that of our allies and friends. Neither the Soviet Union nor any other nation will have reason to question our will to sustain the strongest and most flexible defense forces. -Second, we will pursue an active diplomacy in the world, working-together with our friends and allies-to resolve disputes through peaceful means and to make any aggressor pay a heavy price. -Third, we will strive to resolve pressing international economic problemsparticularly energy and inflation-and continue to pursue our still larger objective of global economic growth through expanded trade and development assistance. -Fourth, we will continue vigorously to support the process of building democratic institutions and improving human rights protection around the world. We are deeply convinced that the future lies not with dictatorship but democracy. -Fifth, we remain deeply committed to the process of mutual and verifiable arms control, particularly to the effort to prevent the spread and further development of nuclear weapons. Our decision to defer, but not abandon our efforts to secure ratification of the SALT II Treaty reflects our firm conviction that the United States has a profound national security interest in the constraints on Soviet nuclear forces which only that treaty can provide. Continuing close cooperation between the Congress and the Executive Branch will be required to achieve these goals. My most immediate legislative priorities include: (1) Defense Department Authorization and Appropriations Bills (2) Special International Security Assistance, for Pakistan and other countries (3) Bilateral and Multilateral Foreign Assistance Bills, including Central America supplemental (4) The China Trade Agreement (5) Intelligence Charters (6) Refugee Legislation and Funding (7) Human Rights Conventions (8) And, when appropriate, the SALT II Treaty. One very immediate and pressing objective that is uppermost on our minds and those of the American people is the release of our hostages in Iran. We have no basic quarrel with the nation, the revolution or the'people of Iran. The threat to them comes not from American policy but from Soviet actions in the region. We are prepared to work 163 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 with the government of Iran to develop a new and mutually beneficial relationship. But that will not be possible so long as Iran continues to hold Americans hostage, in defiance of the world community and civilized behavior. They must be released unharmed. We have thus far pursued a measured program of peaceful diplomatic and economic steps in an attempt to resolve this issue without resorting to other remedies available to us under international law. This reflects the deep respect of our Nation for the rule of law and for the safety of our people being held, and our belief that a great power bears a responsibility to use its strength in a measured and judicious manner. But our patience is not unlimited and our concern for the well-being of our fellow citizens grows each day. ENHANCING NATIONAL SECURITY-AMERICAN MILITARY STRENGTH The maintenance of national security is my first concern, as it has been for every President before me. As I stated one year ago in Atlanta: "This is still a world of danger, a world in which democracy and freedom are still challenged, a world in which peace must be re-won every day." We must have both the military power and the political will to deter our adversaries and to support our friends and allies. We must pay whatever price is required to remain the strongest nation in the world. That price has increased as the military power of our major adversary has grown and its readiness to use that power been made all too evident in Afghanistan. THE U.S.-SOVIET RELATIONSHIP We are demonstrating to the Soviet Union across a broad front that it will pay a heavy price for its aggression in terms of our relationship. Throughout the last decades U.S.-Soviet relations have been a mixture of cooperation and competition. The Soviet attack on Afghanistan and the ruthless extermination of its government have highlighted in the starkest terms the darker side of their policies-going well beyond competition and the legitimate pursuit of national interest, and violating all norms of international law and practice. This attempt to subjugate an independent, non-aligned Islamic people is a callous violation of international law and the United Nations Charter, two fundamentals of international order. Hence, it is also a dangerous threat to world peace. For the first time since World War II, the Soviets have sent combat forces into an area that was not previously under their control, into a non-aligned and sovereign state. On January 4 I therefore announced a number of measures, including the reduction of grain sales and the curtailment of trade and technology transfer, designed to demonstrate our firm opposition to Soviet actions in Afghanistan and to underscore our belief that in the face of this blatant transgression of international law, it was impossible to conduct business as usual. I have also been in consultation with our allies and with countries in the region regarding additional multilateral measures that might be taken to register our disapproval and bolster security in Southwest Asia. I have been heartened by the support expressed for our position, and by the fact that such support has been tangible, as well as moral. 164 — BPSSI-(I --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 The destruction of the independence of Afghanistan government and the occupation by the Soviet Union has altered the strategic situation in that part of the world in a very ominous fashion. It has brought the Soviet Union within striking distance of the Indian Ocean and even the Persian Gulf. It has eliminated a buffer between the Soviet Union and Pakistan and presented a new threat to Iran. These two countries are now far more vulnerable to Soviet political intimidation. If that intimidation were to prove effective, the Soviet Union might well control an area of vital strategic and economic significance to the survival of Western Europe, the Far East, and ultimately the United States. It is clear that the entire subcontinent of Asia and specifically Pakistan is threatened. Therefore, I am asking Congress, as the first order of business, to pass an economic and military aid package designed to assist Pakistan defend itself. DEFENSE BUDGET For many years the Soviets have steadily increased their real defense spending, expanded their strategic forces, strengthened their forces in Europe and Asia, and enhanced their capability for projecting military force around the world directly or through the use of proxies. Afghanistan dramatizes the vastly increased military power of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union has built a war machine far beyond any reasonable requirements for their own defense and security. In contrast, our own defense spending declined in real terms every year from 1968 through 1976. We have reversed this decline in our own effort. Every year since 1976 there has been a real increase in our defense spending-and our lead has encouraged increases by our allies. With the support of the Congress, we must and will make an even greater effort in the years ahead. The Fiscal Year 1981 budget would increase funding authority for defense to more than $158 billion, a real growth of more than 5% over my request for Fiscal Year 1980. Therefore, requested outlays for defense during Fiscal Year 1981 will grow by more than 3% in real terms over the preceding year. The trends we mean to correct cannot be remedied overnight; we must be willing to see this program through. To ensure that we do so I am setting a growth rate for defense that we can sustain over the long haul. The defense program I have proposed for the next five years will require some sacrifice-but sacrifice we can well afford. The defense program emphasizes four areas: (a) It ensures that our strategic nuclear forces will be equivalent to those of the Soviet Union and that deterrence against nuclear war will be maintained; (b) It upgrades our forces so that the military balance between NATO and the Warsaw Pact will continue to deter the outbreak of war-conventional or nuclear-in Europe; (c) It provides us the ability to come quickly to the aid of friends and allies around the globe; (d) And it ensures that our Navy will continue to be the most powerful on the seas. STRATEGIC FORCES We are strengthening each of the three legs of our strategic forces. The cruise missile production which will begin next year will modernize our strategic air deterrent. B-52 capabilities will also be im 165 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 proved. These steps will maintain and enhance the B-52 fleet by improving its ability to deliver weapons against increasingly heavily defended targets. We are also modernizing our strategic submarine missile force. The first new Trident submarine has already been launched and will begin sea trials this year. The second Trident will be launched in the spring of 1980. The first of our new Trident missiles, with a range of more than 4,000 miles, have already begun operational patrols in Poseidon submarines. The new MX missile will enhance the survivability of our land-based intercontinental ballistic missile force. That is why I decided last spring to produce this missile and selected the basing mode best suited to enhance its capability. Further the MX will strengthen our capability to attack a wide variety of Soviet targets. Our new systems will enable U.S. strategic forces to maintain equivalence in the face of the mounting Soviet challenge. We would however need an even greater investment in strategic systems to meet the likely Soviet buildup without SALT. FORCES FOR NATO We are greatly accelerating our ability to reinforce Western Europe with massive ground and air forces in a crisis. We are undertaking a major modernization program for the Army's weapons and equipment, adding armor, firepower, and tactical mobility. We are prepositioning more heavy equipment in Europe to help us cope with attacks with little warning, and greatly strengthening our airlift and sealift capabilities. We are also improving our tactical air forces-buying about 1700 new fighter and attack aircraft over the next five years-and increasing the number of Air Force fighter wings by over 10%. We are accelerating the rate at which we can move combat aircraft to Europe to cope with any surprise attack, and adding to the number of shelters at European airbases to prevent our aircraft from being destroyed on the ground. RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCES We are systematically enhancing our ability to respond rapidly to non-NATO contingencies wherever required by our commitments or when our vital interests are threatened. The rapid deployment forces we are assembling will be extraordinarily flexible: They could range in size from a few ships or air squadrons to formations as large as 100,000 men, together with their support. Our forces will be prepared for rapid deployment to any region of strategic significance. Among the specific initiatives we are taking to help us respond to crises outside of Europe are: -the development and production of a new fleet of large cargo aircraft with intercontinental range; -the design and procurement of a force of Maritime Prepositioning Ships that will carry heavy equipment and supplies for three Marine Corps brigades. In addition, responding to the Soviet military presence in Cuba and the proxy role of Cuba on behalf of the USSR, we have taken or are taking the following actions in support of the rapid deployment force: (1 ) We are substantially increasing our ability to monitor Cuban and Soviet/Cuban activities; 166 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 (2) We have established a Caribbean Joint Task Force Headquarters which improves our ability to respond to events in the region; (3) We are increasing regional military exercises; and, (4) We are intensifying assistance to countries in the region that are threatened by Soviet or Cuban intervention. NAVAL FORCES Seapower is indispensable to our global position-in peace and also in war. Our shipbuilding program will sustain a 550 -ship Navy in the 1990s and we will continue to build the most capable ships afloat. The program I have proposed will assure the ability of our Navy to operate in high threat areas, to maintain control of the seas and protect vital lines of communication-both military and economic-and to provide the strong maritime component of our rapid deployment forces. This is essential for operations in remote areas of the world, where we cannot predict far in advance the precise location of trouble, or preposition equipment on land. MILITARY PERSON NEL No matter how capable or advanced our weapons systems, our military security depends on the abilities, the training and the dedication of the people who serve in our armed forces. I am determined to recruit and to retain under any foreseeable circumstances an ample level of such skilled and experienced military personnel. We have enhanced our readiness and combat endurance by improving the Reserve Components. All reservists are as signed to units structured to complement and provide needed depth to our active forces. Some reserve personnel have also now been equipped with new equipment. MOBILIZATION PLANNING I have also launched a major effort to establish a coherent and practical basis for all government mobilization planning. Begun last May, this is the first such effort conducted at Presidential level since World War II. It involves virtually every Federal agency, with the aim of improved efficiency and readiness. OUR INTELLIGENCE POSTURE Our national interests are critically dependent on a strong and effective intelligence capability. We will not shortchange the intelligence capabilities needed to assure our national security. Maintenance of and continued improvements in our multi-faceted intelligence effort are essential if we are to cope successfully with the turbulence and uncertainties of today's world. The intelligence budget I have submitted to the Congress responds to our needs in a responsible way, providing for significant growth over the Fiscal Year 1980 budget. This growth will enable us to develop new technical means of intelligence collection while also assuring that the more traditional methods of intelligence work are also given proper stress. We must continue to integrate both modes of collection in our analyses. It is imperative that we now move forward promptly within the context of effective Congressional oversight to provide America's intelligence community with Charters which can permit it to operate more effectively and within a national concern codified by law. 167 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 REGIONAL POLICIES Every President for over three decades has recognized that America's interests are global and that we must pursue a global foreign policy. Two world wars have made clear our stake in Western Europe and the North Atlantic area. We are also inextricably linked with the Far East-politically, economically, and militarily. In both of these, the United States has a permanent presence and security commitments which would be automatically triggered. We have become increasingly conscious of our growing interests in a third area-the Middle East and the Persian Gulf area. We have vital stakes in other major regions of the world as well. We have long recognized that in an era of interdependence, our own security and prosperity depend upon a larger common effort with friends and allies throughout the world. THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE At the outset of this Administration I emphasized the primacy of our Atlantic relationship in this country's national security agenda. We have made important progress toward making the Atlantic Alliance still more effective in a changing security environment. We are meeting the Soviet challenge in a number of important ways: First, there is a recognition among our allies that mutual security is a responsibility to be shared by all. We are each committed to increase national defense expenditures by 3%o per year. There remains much work to be done in strengthening NATO's conventional defense; the work proceeding under the Alliance's Long Term Defense Program will help achieve this objective. Last month, we and our NATO allies took an historic step in Alliance security policies with the decision to improve substantially our theater nuclear capabilities. The theater nuclear force modernization (TNF) program, which includes the deployment of improved Pershing ballistic missiles and of ground-launched cruise missiles in Europe, received the unanimous support of our allies. The accelerated deployment of Soviet SS-20 MIRVed missiles made this modernization step essential. TNF deployments will give the Alliance an important retaliatory option that will make clear to the Soviets that they cannot wage a nuclear war in Europe and expect that Soviet territory will remain unscathed. While we move forward with our necessary defense efforts in Europe, we are also proceeding with our efforts to improve European security through arms control. As an integral part of the NATO TNF decisions, the Alliance has made it clear that it is prepared to negotiate limitations on long-range theater nuclear missiles. On our part, our TNF modernization efforts will make possible a streamlining of our nuclear weapons stockpile in Europe, allowing us to withdraw 1,000 nuclear warheads over the next year. In the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks, we and our allies have recently put forward new proposals that are designed to simplify the negotiations and improve the prospect for early progress in limiting conventional military forces in Europe. In a very real sense the accomplishments of the past year answered a critical question concerning NATO's future: can the Western Alliance, which has provided the foundation for one of the longest periods of peace and prosperity that Europe has ever enjoyed, still summon the essential cohesion, relevance, and resolve to 168 I I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 deal with fundamental security issues likely to affect its member nations well into the next century? NATO's consensus in favor of modernizing and negotiating about its nuclear arsenal while continuing to improve conventional forces, dramatized Allied capacity to respond effectively to both the military and political threats posed by the Soviet Union. Relations with our allies and friends in Europe are taking on ever broader dimensions. Our security agenda remains central; we are addressing new concerns as well. I met with an unprecedented number of European statesmen in Washington during the year just past, including the leaders of Great Britain, West Germany, Austria, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, and the European Community; in all of these meetings a common theme was the changing realities of political and economic interdependence and, as we enter a new decade, the need to promote more equitable conditions of peaceful growth and stability throughout the world. This approach has achieved tangible form in a number of ways. For example, every West European government supports us as we have continued by every peaceful means to seek the release of American hostages held in Tehran in defiance of universal standards of international law and decency. We are consulting and cooperating closely in our responses to the Soviet Union's invasion and occupation of Afghanistan. In the NATO area itself, we moved together vigorously to meet the serious economic problems faced by Turkey and thereby strengthen a vital part of NATO's southern flank and we have signed a new base agreement with Turkey. This action, though indispensable in its own right, also supported our continu ing efforts to promote a solution to the Cyprus problem and to bring about the reintegration of Greece within the military framework of the Atlantic Alliance, objectives which retain high priority this year. ASIA The United States is a Pacific nation, as much as it is an Atlantic nation. Our interests in Asia are as important to us as our interests in Europe. Our trade with Asia is even greater than our trade with Europe. We have pursued and maintained these interests on the basis of a stable balance of power in the region. Our partnership and alliance with Japan is central to our Asian policy. We are strengthening our new relationship with China. We have expanded our ties with the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its member governments. My trip to the Far East helped forge closer working relationships with Japan and Korea. ASIAN SECURITY The balance of power is fundamental to Asian security. We have maintained that balance through a strong United States military posture in the region, as well as close ties with our allies, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Korea. Over the past year I have worked to stabilize the United States military presence in Asia by concluding an amended base agreement with the Philippines that will last until 1991. We have fostered the closest degree of security cooperation with Japan in the history of our two nationsexemplified by joint planning for the defense of Japan, increased Japanese contributions to United States base costs in Japan, and large-scale Japanese purchases of United States defense equip 169 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ment. After examining in detail new intelligence estimates of North Korean military strength, I decided to maintain our troop strength in the Republic of Korea at its present level until at least 1981. The reaffirmation of our commitment to Korean security has been of great importance to the Koreans as they make necessary political adjustments in the wake of President Park's assassination. Response by nations in East Asia to the Soviet aggression in Afghanistan has been gratifying. Australia in particular deserves recognition for the forthright stand it has taken. Japan and the ASEAN nations have also been strongly supportive. CHINA Over the last year we have expanded our relationship with the People's Republic of China to ensure that where our interests coincide, our separate actions will be mutually reinforcing. To this end we have enhanced our consultative relationship. We have also sought to develop an enduring institutional framework in the economic, cultural, scientific, and trade areas. This process has been facilitated by the successful visits of Vice Premier Deng to the United States and Vice President Mondale to China; through the signing of over 15 commercial, scientific, and cultural agreements; through numerous Cabinet-level visits; and through a significant expansion of trade and the flow of people between our two countries. During Secretary of Defense Brown's recent trip to the People's Republic of China, wide-ranging talks were held on global and regional issues, arms control, technology transfer, and ways to sustain bilateral contacts. Although we may differ with the Chinese on some issues, our views coincide on many important issues, particularly with respect to the implications for the region of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In 1980 I look forward to passage by Congress early in the year of the China Trade Agreement and of authorization of OPIC operations in China; we plan to conclude civil aviation, maritime, and textile agreements; and continue to expand our commercial, cultural, and scientific relations, particularly through ExImBank credits to the People's Republic of China. SOUTHEAST ASIA The countries comprising ASEAN are central to United States interests in Southeast Asia. Throughout the past year, our relations with ASEAN have continued to expand as our consultative arrangements were strengthened. The stability and prosperity of Southeast Asia have been severely challenged by Soviet-supported Vietnamese aggression in Cambodia. During this year we will continue to encourage a political settlement in Cambodia which will permit that nation to be governed by leaders of its own choice. We have taken all prudent steps possible to deter Vietnamese attacks on Thai territory by increasing our support to the Thais, and by direct warnings to Vietnam and the U.S.S.R. The other members of ASEAN have stood firmly behind Thailand, and this in great measure has helped to contain the conflict. We have been gratified by Thailand's courageous and humane acceptance of the Cambodian refugees. MIDDLE EAST-PERSIAN GULF-SOUTH ASIA Events in Iran and Afghanistan have dramatized for us the critical importance 170 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 for American security and prosperity of the area running from the Middle East through the Persian Gulf to South Asia. This region provides two-thirds of the world's oil exports, supplying most of the energy needs of our allies in Europe and Japan. It has been a scene of almost constant conflict between nations, and of serious internal instability within many countries. And now one of its nations has been invaded by the Soviet Union. We are dealing with these multiple challenges in a number of ways. MIDDLE EAST First, it has been a key goal of my Administration since 1977 to promote an enduring resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict-which is so essential to bringing stability and peace to the entire region. Following the Camp David Summit of August 1978, in March 1979, I helped bring about the signing of a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel-the first time in 30 years of Middle East conflict that peace had shined with such a bright and promising flame. At the historic signing ceremony at the White House, Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat repeated their Camp David pledge to work for full autonomy for the West Bank and Gaza. Since then Egypt and Israel have been working to complete this part of the Camp David framework and to provide an opportunity for the Palestinian people to participate in determining their future. I strongly support these efforts, and have pledged that we will be a full partner in the autonomy negotiations. We will continue to work vigorously for a comprehensive peace in the Middle East, building on the unprecedented achievements at Camp David. At the same time, I have reinforced America's commitment to Israel's security, and to the right of all nations in the area to live at peace with their neighbors, within secure and recognized frontiers. PERSIAN GULF In recent years as our own fuel imports have soared, the Persian Gulf has become vital to the United States as it has been to many of our friends and allies. Over the longer term, the world's dependence on Persian Gulf oil is likely to increase. The denial of these oil supplies-to us or to others-would threaten our security and provoke an economic crisis greater than that of the Great Depression 50 years ago, with a fundamental change in the way we live. Twin threats to the flow of oil-from regional instability and now potentially from the Soviet Union-require that we firmly defend our vital interests when threatened. In the past year, we have begun to increase our capacity to project military power into the Persian Gulf region, and are engaged in explorations of increased use of military facilities in the area. We have increased our naval presence in the Indian Ocean. We have been working with countries in the region on shared security concerns. Our rapid deployment forces, as described earlier, could be used in support of friendly governments in the Gulf and Southwest Asian region, as well as in other areas. SOUTH ASIA The. overwhelming challenge in this region will be dealing with the new situation posed by Soviet aggression in Afghanistan. We must help the regional states develop a capability to withstand Soviet pressures in a strengthened framework for cooperation in the region. We 171 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 want to cooperate with all the states of the region in this regard-with India and Pakistan, with Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal. In this new situation, we are proposing to the Congress a military and economic assistance program to enable Pakistan to buttress its defenses. This is a matter of the most urgent concern, and I strongly urge the earliest possible approval by the House and Senate. We are also working closely with other friends of Pakistan to increase the resources available for Pakistan's development and security. We are also pursuing the possibility of gaining access to military facilities in the region in time of trouble. We are prepared to work closely with our friends in the region, on a cooperative basis, to do whatever is required to ensure that aggressors would bear heavy costs so that further aggression is deterred. A high priority for us in the region is to manage our nuclear concerns with India and Pakistan in ways that are compatible with our global and regional priorities. The changed security situation in South Asia arising from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan calls for legislative action to allow renewed assistance to Pakistan. But this in no way diminishes our commitment to work to prevent nuclear weapons proliferation, in Pakistan or elsewhere. Steady growth of our economic assistance is also essential if the countries of South Asia are to achieve growth and true stability. AFRICA A peaceful transition to majority rule in Southern Africa continues to be a major goal of the United States. We gave our fullest support to the successful British drive to reach an agreement among all parties in Rhodesia. The process of implementation will not be easy, but the path is now open to a peaceful outcome. With our European allies, Canada and the African states directly concerned we also are making progress toward independence and majority rule for Namibia. The momentum resulting from successful resolution of the Rhodesian conflict should aid in these initiatives. Congressional support for the Executive Branch decision to maintain sanctions on Rhodesia until the parties reached agreement on a ceasefire and an impartial elections process had begun was instrumental in creating the conditions necessary for agreement. Now that the United States, European trading partners and the surrounding African states have lifted sanctions, the process of economic reconstruction in Rhodesia-soon to be Zimbabwe-can begin. With the creation of an independent Zimbabwe after many years of fighting, we will be prepared to cooperate in a coherent multi-donor development plan for the poor nations in the Southern Africa region. Our active support for self-determination and racial equality in Southern Africa has enabled the United States to develop a continuing and effective dialogue with governments throughout the continent. As Africa grows more important to us for economic, political and strategic reasons, we will be strengthening our ties of mutual interest with Africans. We will continue to participate in their first priority-economic development-and to help Africans resolve their political problems and maintain stability in their continent. Whether in the Horn or in other areas of the continent, we will also provide to friendly nations security assistance when needed for defense of their borders. 172 arlB~Tf ^1 I I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 NORTH AFRICA In 1979 the United States moved to help a long-standing friend by strengthening our arms supply relationship with Morocco. In assisting Morocco to deal with attacks inside its internationally recognized frontiers, we seek conditions of greater security and confidence in which a political settlement of the Western Sahara conflict can be effectively pursued. Though not itself a mediator, the United States in the months ahead will encourage the countries in the area to resolve their differences peacefully in order that the vast economic potential of North Africa can be exploited for the well-being of the people living there. LATIN AMERICA Since my inauguration, I have worked hard to forge a new, collaborative relationship with the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean-one resting on a firm commitment to human rights, democratization, economic development and non-intervention. The events of 1979 -even the turbulence in Central America and the Caribbean-presented us with opportunities to move toward these goals. There was encouraging progress in the area of human rights and democratization in the Western Hemisphere this past year. The inauguration of a new democracy in Ecuador, and the strong effort by the Andean countries to preserve democracy in Bolivia were positive steps. During 1979, I met with the President of Mexico twice to discuss the opportunities and difficult issues before our two countries. We have taken worthwhile steps, including an agreement on natural gas and on trade. On October 1, Vice President Mondale and many leaders from Latin America traveled to Panama to celebrate the coming into force of the Panama Canal Treaties. The transition to a new relationship and a new structure to manage the Canal was smooth and effective because of the contributions and the mutual respect between Panamanians and Americans. -The Vice President also traveled to Brazil and Venezuela. The Secretary of State met with leaders in Quito at the inauguration of the new democratic President of Ecuador and in LaPaz at the OAS General Assembly. These meetings have helped us to develop further the close consultative ties which are so important to a free and balanced community of nations in the hemisphere. Also, in 1979, the United States moved to a much closer economic and political relationship with the increasingly significant Andean Pact countries. A memorandum of understanding on economic relations was signed in Washington in November. Central America and the Caribbean region are undergoing a period of rapid social and political change. There is a threat that intervention by Cuba may thwart the desire of the people of the region for progress within a democratic framework and we have been working closely with the governments in the region to try to aid in the developmental process of the region and are prepared to assist those threatened by outside intervention. The Caribbean Group, which is coordinated by the World Bank and which we helped establish, has now become an important factor for development in the region, adding $260 million in concessionary resources to the region. We have increased our aid to the Caribbean, reprogrammed loans, and are seeking prompt Congressional action on a supplemental 173 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 of $80 million for Nicaragua and Central America. My Science Advisor, Dr. Frank Press, led a large delegation of scientists and educators to Barbados, Peru, Venezuela and Brazil to forge new and fruitful ties between our countries in important areas of science and technology. THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY A growing defense effort and a vigorous foreign policy rest upon a strong economy here in the United States. And the strength of our own economy depends upon our ability to lead and compete in the international marketplace. ENERGY An essential lesson to be drawn from Iran is that there are compelling foreign policy, as well as domestic economic reasons for lessening our dependence on foreign oil. In response to a series of United States proposals, the industrial countries adopted in 1979 a cooperative energy strategy for the 1980's. Its main elements are collective restraint on oil imports; intensified efforts to conserve oil and boost production of conventional substitutes for oil; and collaborative research, development and commercialization of new fuel technologies. At the Tokyo Economic Summit in June, the heads of government of the seven major industrial democracies agreed that they must take responsibility for curbing oil demand. By the end of the year, 20 industrialized nations, members of the International Energy Association, had agreed not only to enforce equitably allocated ceilings on their oil imports, but to create a system for quickly adjusting the ceilings to changes in world oil supply. Completion of the detailed agreements to execute the global oil demand-allocation process is at the head of the international energy agenda for 1980. At the 1980 Economic Summit in Venice, I intend to propose further joint action to smooth the transition from oil to more abundant fuels and to slow the growth in oil prices. In support of the international oil strategy, the Administration and the United States coal industry are launching joint marketing efforts to make this country a major exporter of steam coal. With assurance of reliable United States coal supply at competitive prices, many of the electric power plants to be built in the 1980s and 1990s can be coal-fired rather than oilburning. Coal exports will help us pay for our declining but costly oil imports. A new source of natural gas supply for the United States-Mexico-was opened through the conclusion of government-togovernment negotiations. Through close cooperation with our northern neighbor, Canada, the Administration cleared the way for expanding the flow of Canadian natural gas to the United States and for private development of the Alaskan gas pipeline across Canada to the lower 48 states. We continue to believe that nuclear power will play an essential role in meeting the energy needs of many nations, but with effective safeguards against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY POLICY We are moving forcefully to establish the fundamental economic conditions for a strong dollar. In 1979 the balance of payments was in approximate balance for the first time in three years, despite substantially higher oil import costs. Our anti-inflationary economic policies and 174 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 strong energy program should provide a basis for further improvement. Of course the outcome depends in part also upon responsible pricing behavior by OPEC and other oil producers. We support the efforts under way to strengthen the international monetary system. I urge the Congress to enact promptly legislation permitting the United States to increase its quota in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as part of the general expansion of Fund resources. We welcome the measures being taken by the IMF to improve its ability to promote sound economic and exchange rate policies in. all member countries. We also welcome the study of the possible establishment of a "substitution account" to strengthen the international monetary system by promoting the role of the Special Drawing Right as the principal reserve asset in the system. TRADE Under the direction of my Special Trade Representative, we brought to a successful conclusion the multilateral trade negotiations, the most ambitious set of negotiations to reduce barriers to international trade in a decade. The resulting "MTN" agreements, covering a broad spectrum of trade issues, were concluded and ratified by overwhelming majorities of the United States Congress. These binding commitments, signed by all the major trading nations, provide the framework for a new era in international trading relations with them and with the developing nations. This makes clear my resolve and that of the American people to resist the dangers of protectionism. The reorganization of the Federal government trade agencies which I directed will assure more effective and prompt governmental action to exploit the export opportunities afforded by the MTN. The plan, approved by Congress this fall, establishes a strong, authoritative voice in the Executive Office of the President to provide coherence and leadership to United States trade policy, negotiations, and the implementation of the MTN trade codes. The reorganization establishes the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and strengthens the Commerce Department. SUGAR In 1979, Congress ratified the International Sugar Agreement, thus fulfilling a major commitment of this Administration. The agreement is an important element in our international commodity policy with far-reaching implications for our relations with developing countries, particularly sugar producers in Latin America. This agreement and other measures my Administration has taken already have helped to stabilize sugar prices and bring high domestic prices into line with those prevailing in the world marketplace. Producers and consumers alike will benefit from a more stable market for this essential commodity. We need prompt enactment of implementing legislation for this agreement. TIN At year's end, Congress approved stockpile disposal legislation which will permit the General Services Administration to sell 30,000 metric tons of tin from our strategic stockpile and contribute up to 5,000 metric tons to the International Tin Organization's (ITO) buffer stock. This fulfills a United States pledge made during the Conference on International Economic Cooperation and represents a major step forward in our relations with producing countries in the developing world. We will consult with other mem 175 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 bers of the ITO to ensure that our tin disposals do not disrupt markets and take into account the needs of both producers and consumers. COMMON FUND The United States joined members of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, both developed and developing nations, in negotiating an agreement on the framework of a Common Fund to help international commodity agreements stabilize the prices of raw materials. Negotiations are now underway on the final articles of agreement of the Fund. The United States also participated in successful negotiations on an international rubber agreement. ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH DEVELOPING NATIONS Our relations with the developing nations are of central importance to the United States. The fabric of our relations with these countries has both political and economic dimensions, as we witnessed in recent weeks when nations of the Third World took the lead in condemning the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Our ability to work together with developing nations toward goals we have in commontheir political independence, the resolution of regional tensions, and our growing ties of trade for example-require us to maintain the policy of active engagement with the developing world that we have pursued over the past three years. The foreign assistance legislation which I will be submitting to you for FY 81 provides the authority and the funds to carry on a cooperative relationship with a large number of developing nations. Prompt Congressional action on this legislation is essential in order to meet our treaty and base rights agreements, continue our peace efforts in the Middle East, provide economic and development support to countries in need, promote progress on North-South issues, protect Western interests, and counter Soviet influence. We will also be asking Congress to enable us to honor our international agreements for multilateral assistance by authorizing and appropriating funds for the International Financial Institutions. Finally, the Administration and the Congress agreed in 1979 on fundamental changes in the way the United States government is organized to conduct economic and technical relations with the developing nations. I submitted and the Congress approved a plan to consolidate in a small policy-coordination body, the International Development Cooperation Agency (IDCA), responsibility for direct United States development assistance, for guidance to United States representatives in multilateral development agencies, and for presenting our long-term development interests in Federal government policy bodies dealing with trade and other economic relations with developing nations. I also submitted, and the House approved in the 1979 session of Congress, a plan to establish the Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation (ISTC), a constituent element of the IDCA group of agencies. Once approved, the ISTC will carry out research as well as support research by foreign scientists on technological means of reducing poverty in developing nations. FOOD-THE WAR ON HUNGER One of the main economic problems facing developing countries is lagging food production. We must help these countries meet this problem-not only so that their peoples will be free from the 176 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 threat of continuing hunger, but also so that their societies will be strong enough to resist external pressure. I have directed that United States bilateral and multilateral aid be geared increasingly to this goal, as recommended by our Hunger Commission, chaired by Sol Linowitz; we are urging other donor countries to join in more effective efforts to this end. Good progress has been made since the Tokyo Economic Summit called for increased effort on this front. The World Bank is giving this problem top priority, as are some other donor countries. The resources of the consultative Group on International Agricultural Research will be doubled over a five-year period. The work of our own Institute of Scientific and Technological Cooperation will further strengthen the search for relevant new agricultural technologies. The goal of freeing the world from hunger by the year 2000 should command the full support of all countries. THE HUMAN DIMENSION OF FOREIGN POLICY HUMAN RIGHTS The ultimate aim of our foreign policy must be to preserve freedom for ourselves and to expand freedom for others. This is a matter both of national principle and of national interest. For we believe that free and open societies are not only better able to meet the rising expectations of their people; they are also better able to accommodate often conflicting internal pressures before popular frustrations explode in violent and radical directions. We do not seek to impose our system or institutions on others. Rather, we seek to support, in practical and concrete ways, the efforts of other nations to build their own institutions in ways that will meet the irrepressible human drive for freedom and justice. Human rights policy commands the strong support of our citizens, and of the Congress. The world climate increasingly favors human rights progress. Despite new turbulence and conflict, the past year featured some encouraging positive developments. We cannot and should not claim credit for them. But it is clear that we are part of a growing movement. During 1979, we saw: -The further strengthening of democratic practices in Spain and Portugal, with free elections in both countries; -The disappearance of several of the world's most repressive regimes; -The freeing of political prisoners in Asia, Africa, and Latin America; -A return to democratic rule in several Latin American countries and widespread progress in reducing human rights violations in the region; -The growing strength of international human rights institutions. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights held its first meeting. Preparations began for another conference to review compliance with the Helsinki accords, to be held in Madrid this November. The OAU took long strides toward establishing a human rights commission for Africa. UN bodies became increasingly active in their human rights efforts. The United States is still not a party to the key human rights treaties that establish world standards and implementing machinery. In early 1978, I sent for Senate approval four such treaties, the American Convention on Human Rights, the Convention on Racial Discrimination, and the UN Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and on Economic and Social and Cultural Rights. Hearings were held in 1979. No single action by this country would do more to advance the cause of 177 Jan. 2 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 human rights than Senate approval of these instruments and a fifth human rights treaty sent to Congress previously, the Genocide Convention. I urge the earliest possible Senate action. HUMANITARIAN AID The mass exodus of refugees from Vietnam reached a crescendo in summer 1979 with over 65,000 people a month fleeing repression and economic privation. Most fled by boat, and many were lost at sea. In July, at a special UN meeting on refugees, Vice President Mondale presented a major United States program to rescue and help support and resettle the new refugee population. I doubled to 14,000 a month the number of Indochinese refugees the United States, in accord with our finest traditions, would absorb over the year ahead. The Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea in late 1978 gravely jeopardized the supply of food for the already decimated and brutalized Khmer people. In October, I announced that the United States would pay one-third of the costs of the international relief program mounted jointly by UNICEF and the International Committee of the Red Cross. Leaders of thirtyfive church and voluntary agencies, with White House encouragement, are engaged in their own large fund-raising program for refugees. In early November, Mrs. Carter visited refugees on the Thai-Cambodian border and reported back to me, the United States voluntary agencies, and the American people. In response, our efforts to avert a mass famine were accelerated. The obstacles remain daunting-continued warfare and aggression by Vietnam, non-distribution by the Phnom Penh authorities of much of the UNICEF-ICRC aid, movement of up to 900, 000 hungry Khmer to and across the Thai border where they can be fed and helped. But Americans will continue their efforts both public and private to avert the famine that looms. New help for our efforts will come from the National Committee formed in early 1980 by leading citizens to help in mobilizing and supporting the sustained effort essential to achieve this humanitarian goal. As the year began, we are also considering new means of helping, through our contribution to the UN High Commissioner for Refuoees and in other ways, the mounting Afghan refugee population in Pakistan and other desperate refugee situations such as Somalia. It cannot be ignored that the destructive and aggressive policies of the Soviet Union have added immeasurably to the suffering in these three tragic situations. I have asked the heads of the appropriate departments of the Executive Branch to play an active role in the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy to formulate a new approach to deal with sensitivity with the difficult subject of people arriving on our shores from Latin America. My meeting with Pope John Paul II during his historic and unprecedented visit to the United States helped raise the world's consciousness in connection with pressing problems of famine, homelessness, and human rights. Our talks spurred positive action in many of these areas, notably Indochina, and set the stage for further action in 1980. THE CONTROL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS Together with our friends and allies, we are striving to build a world in which peoples with diverse interests can live freely and prosper. But all that humankind has achieved to date, all that we are seeking to 0 178 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 accomplish, and human existence itself can be undone in an instant-in the catastrophe of a nuclear war. Thus one of the central objectives of my Administration has been to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons to those nations which do not have them, and their further development by the existing nuclear powers-notably the Soviet Union and the United States. NON-PROLIFERATION I entered office committed to assert American leadership in stemming the proliferation of nuclear weapons-which could create fundamental new instabilities in critical regions of the world, and threaten the security of the United States, This should not and cannot be done unilaterally. The cooperation of other suppliers of nuclear technology and materials is needed. This issue must not become a North-South confrontation. We have been proceeding on a number of fronts: -We have been seeking to encourage nations to accede to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, or to accept full-scope international safeguards. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act calls for such safeguards in connection with United States nuclear exports. -The International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE) has demonstrated that suppliers and recipients can work together. Its results will be published in a month. While differences remain, it will provide a broader international basis for national decisions which must balance energy needs with non-proliferation concerns. -Finally, we are working to encourage regional cooperation and restraint. Protocol I of the Treaty of Tlatelolco which will contribute to the lessening of nuclear dangers for our Latin American neighbors has not yet been ratified by the United States Senate. Working together with the Congress, I remain committed to the vigorous pursuit of our non-proliferation objectives. LIMITATIONS ON STRATEGIC ARMS The most prominent of our nuclear arms control efforts is, of course, SALT II. The signing of the Treaty brought to an end painstaking negotiations carried out under three administrations of both parties. -SALT II is in our mutual interest; it is neither an American favor to the Soviet Union nor a Soviet favor to the United States. -Ratification of the SALT II Treaty would represent a major step forward in restraining the continued growth of Soviet strategic forces. Because SALT II reduces superpower competition in its most dangerous manifestation, this Treaty is the single most important bilateral accord of the decade: -SALT II will permit us better to maintain strategic equivalence in nuclear weapons and devote our defense increases more heavily to our highest priority needs for conventional force improvements; -Without it, the Soviets can add more power to their forces and better conceal from us what they are doing; -Without SALT II, and the beginning of SALT III, deeper cuts would take many more years to achieve; -Without SALT II, our efforts to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons will be more difficult. I believe that the Senate will ratify SALT II because the Treaty is, in its 179 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 simplest terms, in the interest of our Nation's security. But I do not believe it advisable at this time to bring up the Treaty for consideration on the Senate floor. The Congress and the Executive Branch must first deal with the pressing matters arising from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. CONCLUSION As we enter the decade of the 1980's, we face challenges both at home and abroad which will test our qualities as a people-our toughness and willingness to sacrifice for larger goals, our courage and our vision. For this Nation to remain secure, for this country to prosper, we must rise above narrow interests. The dangers of disunity are self-evident in a world of major power confrontation. The rewards of a new national consensus and sense of purpose are equally clear. We have new support in the world for our purposes of national independence and individual human dignity. We have a new will at home to do what is required to keep us the strongest nation on earth. We must move together into this decade with the strength which comes from realization of the dangers before us and from the confidence that together we can overcome them. JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 21, 1980. Iowa Democratic Party Caucuses Statement by the President. January 21, 1980 I deeply appreciate the vote of confidence from Iowa Democrats. Their expression of support is particularly welcome in these difficult times. This campaign was a success primarily because of the dedication and hard work of thousands of volunteers. I want them to know that I am personally grateful for their commitment and determination. I congratulate Senator Kennedy and his supporters for a hard-fought and wellorganized effort in Iowa. All those Iowans of both parties who attended the precinct caucuses demonstrated their belief in our system of representative democracy. That system is the strength of our Nation and the hope of the world. I regret that I was unable to campaign personally in Iowa and look forward to the time when international circumstances permit me to seek actively and personally the support of my fellow Democrats. National Religious Broadcasters Remarks at the Association's Annual Convention. January 21, 1980 Thank you very much, Dr. Hofer, Dr. Armstrong, Larnelle Harris, members and friends of the National Religious Broadcasters, ladies and gentlemen: I have been very excited ever since I accepted the invitation to come here to have a chance to meet all you famous people. [Laughter] Not too long ago at the White House one of your members came to see me, and he said, "Mr. President, I have watched you several times lately as you've performed on television." And he said, "I think before you make your State of the Union message it would benefit you a lot to come to the National Religious Broadcasters meeting and get a few pointers." [Laughter] So, here I am. As you may know, this is an election year and-[laughter]-it's going to be 180 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 21 quite different from the last one in 1976, not particularly because I'm an incumbent, although that will make a difference, but I decided on the way over here that I'm going to turn over to you one of the tremendous responsibilities that I had in 1976. This year I'm going to let you spend your full time explaining what it means to be born again. [Laughter] Almost exactly 3 years ago, I took the oath of office as President of the United States of America. It was a responsibility that I sought with all my ability, and I have tried with the same degree of commitment to carry out my duties as President. I've sought to mold the policies and the programs of our Nation to meet the needs of each transient moment, to prepare our Nation for the future, which we can only dimly see. And I have, as never before in my life, had to rely on God's help. As President, I have been privileged to meet great people, famous people-men and women of great faith, men and women of no faith. I have had a chance to worship with fellow believers who share with me the deepest possible personal faith and the common traditions that bind all of us together. I have had a chance to talk about the Gideons' work and Bibles with the Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China, Deno Xiaoping, and about the need for him to open up the gates of China once again for missionaries to bear the word. I've shared my faith with leaders of Korea, Poland, and other nations that I've visited. And I've found a sense of brotherhood with a Moslem leader of Egypt, Anwar Sadat, and a Jewish leader of Israel, Menahem Begin, as we worked together trying to find the ideal of Christ: peace on Earth. I have had a chance for private and personal worship and prayer, with friends and others, in the seclusion of my home at the White House and also at Camp David. Rosalynn and I read the Bible together every night, not as some sort of mystical guidebook, as some might think, to give us quick and simple answers to every problem of a nation or personal life, but because we find new insights and new inspirations in this present job in passages that we have read and known and loved ever since childhood. I'm glad that the Bible does not tell us just about mighty warriors or great prophets or wise leaders. It also tells us about sinful men and women, men like the Disciples-sometimes stubborn, reluctant, selfish, weak, struggling with their own fears and failures and lack of faith. Yet with God's help, they were able to do great things. I am thankful that God has always done his work through imperfect human beings, seeing the strength, the need-what was an apparent weakness-and the potential beneath what seemed to be their human fallibilities and failures, and the courage that existed beneath their fear. Only when they realized their own personal limitations could God work fully in their lives. The seventies, which have just concluded, has been called the decade of the "Me Generation," but there's evidence that even in the frantic effort for personal self-gratification, there is a longing for meaning and purpose; there's a hunger for things which do not change. Not long ago I was in South Korea, and I went to church in what was formally an abandoned airport, where 1 million people had come to hear Billy Graham preach about Christ. And not long ago I was in Chicago, in a site where 1I/2 million people came to worship with Pope John Paul II. Sometimes, however, a search even for a religious faith and religious meaning can be distorted into terrible acts, as the recent 181 Jan. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 experiences have shown us. The urge to believe is so strong that faith has great power, even when it's perverted into terrorism and tyranny. We see it sometimes in fanatical acts of cruelty and repression, in the name of religion, all around the world. The hungry, the homeless, the hostages are all testimonies of man's continued capacity for evil. Yet we see in this world the great urge of people, decent people, to ease suffering. We see nations and institutions within nations and individuals within institutions giving their time and their effort and their money, even their lives, to make a life more viable and a life more livable for an entire struggling population that might be starving or for a single homeless child. Our Nation, the United States, has been especially blessed; yet, in our own abundance and freedom we are too quick to complain and to turn aside from our principles and ideals when the pressures of everyday life bear heavy on us. We often are like the children of Israel who were delivered from Egypt and provided manna every day by God, but who complained about the discipline and who coveted the fish and the melons that they had left behind in Egypt, while forgetting the slavery. Like the children of Israel, we cannot always know where the road will lead. God does give us guidance, but he does not provide roadmaps with a sure and certain destination. Our Nation now is faced with serious challenges and choices which may require sacrifice, even from those assembled here in this great hall. But it's important that we keep our perspective and realize what is truly valuable. It is not a sacrifice to give up waste. It's not a sacrifice to submit to God's will. It's not a sacrifice to care for others or to struggle for peace or to tell the truth. We need not look at the problems of today as a reason for fear. This Nation was built by men and women who dared to strike out on new paths, to face any challenge, and who saw change in their lives-which might have been frightful-as an opportunity. They held onto enduring values as they opened up new worlds for them and later on for us. There's no way that we can recapture now their world 200 years later, but we can recapture their spirit of unity and of mutual concern, and we can also share their faith. A television station or the Oval Office is a powerful pulpit. Our influence as individuals can be greatly magnified. And as we realize the tremendous audiences that we have, humility does not come naturally. The one measure of greatness is how we best exemplify the high principles of those whom we served and whom we serve now. You and I serve Christ. I also serve America. And I have never found in my own life any incompatibility between these two responsibilities for service. My biggest concern, I know as yours is, is that I might never betray those whom I have been called upon to serve. The next month and years will not be easy, but I know that God never promised us freedom would be easy, only that it was worth the cost. God does not promise to make us perfect here on Earth, just to forgive our sins. God never promised a life without a cross, just the strength to bear our burdens. Our Nation, in these troubled and fastchanging technological times, is hungry for the truth. You here tonight as religious broadcasters have a great responsibility. Millions of people listen to your voices and watch your programs. You have an awesome power to shape public opinion, to teach, to educate, and to implant ideas in many human minds. Even more than those in commercial broadcasting, you 182 Ilr I ~ - I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 22 must take the time, pay the price to give, while you are on the air, a true message. Since I've been in Washington, I've come to learn much more clearly what Paul meant when he said that we should pray without ceasing. I do pray a lot every day, as I move from one event to another, as I wait for a new foreign leader or a national leader to come in my office, as I decide issues that might affect the life of one person or a small community or, perhaps, sometimes even the entire world. And I do not always make the right decision, because I do not always follow God's will. But someone has said that truth often rides on the back of error. We are learning together. How can we serve better? How can our lives be more meaningful? How can we and the people that listen to our voice be challenged and inspired to reach for greatness? I'm strengthened by the prayers of others, of those I love, and of people throughout this Nation whom I will never meet. Even when people do not agree with me on a particular stand I take and might be severely critical, they still keep praying for me because I'm President. I need those prayers, and I need help to build a nation and, perhaps, a world of freedom and justice and opportunity, of law and community, where our knowledge and power and wealth in this Nation can be used to feed the hungry, to heal the sick, to strengthen families, and to husband and save the vast resources that God has given us in our beautiful and bountiful land. As President, I often think about the story of Moses at Rephaim, which you know very well. The children of Israel were murmuring against Moses, and as soon as he would solve one problem, another one would arise. Then, as you know, Amalek attacked. And while Joshua led Israel's soldiers, Moses stood on a high hill. And under God's direction, as long as Moses held up his hands, the Israelites prevailed, and when he let his hands down, Amalek prevailed against them. They fought on all through the day, and Moses' arms grew weary. And then late in the afternoon, Aaron and Hur got stones. And they came, and one stood on each side, and they held up his arms, and Moses' hands were steady until sundown, and the Israelites prevailed. No matter how strong his will, no matter how strong his desire, a President cannot carry out his responsibilities alone. But I have found that when my own arms grow weary, there are those on each side, on many sides, to hold up my hands. And I always thank God for the responsibilities that I have, and I always thank God for the help that I receive. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 7:04 p.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. In his opening remarks, the President referred to David L. Hofer, president, and Ben Armstrong, executive director, National Religious Broadcasters, and recording artist Larnelle Harris. Shipments of Agricultural Commodities to the Soviet Union Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate Transmitting a Report. January 21, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the installation of a puppet government is an extremely serious threat to peace. It threatens vital U.S. security and foreign policy interests: -It places the Soviets within aircraft striking range of the vital oil resources of the Persian Gulf; 183 Jan. 2 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -It threatens a strategically located country, Pakistan; -It poses the prospect of increased Soviet pressure on Iran and on other nations in the Middle East; -Above all, it shows that the Soviets will use force to take over a neighboring country. The Soviet invasion requires a firm and vigorous response by the United States. We must make clear to the Soviet Union that it cannot trample on the independence of other states and at the same time carry on business as usual with the rest of the world. I have therefore taken several measures. I have directed the Secretary of Commerce to restrict exports and reexports of identified agricultural commodities from the United States to the U.S.S.R., except for exports of wheat and corn authorized under Article I of the Agreement on the Supply of Grain of October 20, 1975. These restrictions became effective January 7, 1980 under regulations issued by the Department of Commerce. The restrictions were initially made applicable to a broadly described group of agricultural commodities and products as a means of quickly achieving the objective of stopping exports of any items which are significant in terms of the grounds on which I acted. The Department of Commerce is revising the list to eliminate items for which controls are not warranted. I have acted in the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States under the authority of the Export Administration Act of 1979. I transmit herewith my report pursuant to Sections 6 (e) and 7 (g) (3) of the Act. I have recognized that other countries are major exporters of agricultural commodities. At my direction, United States officials promptly began consultations with other major agricultural exporters to seek their cooperation in restricting exports in harmony with our actions. These consultations and negotiations have been fruitful and will continue. We have also consulted with U.S. farm organizations and trading companies, and these consultations have contributed valuable information concerning the domestic impact of these export restrictions, their adverse impact on the Soviet Union, and the availability of identified items from foreign sources. I have considered the possibility that some of the agricultural commodities involved might be obtained by the Soviet Union from other countries. I have also assessed the threat to our national security and foreign policy posed by the Soviet aggression and the consequences of a failure to take prompt and decisive action. I have determined pursuant to Section 4(c) of the Act that the absence of such controls would prove detrimental to the foreign policy and national security interests of the United States. Pursuant to Section 6(d) of the Act, I have determined that although reasonable efforts have been made to achieve the purposes of these controls through alternative means, available alternatives would not comparably advance the foreign policy and national security interests of the United States. I have also directed that the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and other appropriate officials, review and revise our policy with respect to the export of high technology and other strategic items to the Soviet Union. This review is to proceed with the utmost urgency. Effective January 1 1, 1980 the Department of Commerce suspended all outstanding licenses and authorizations for exports to the Soviet Union and announced that it has suspended the issuance of new licenses and authorizations. The review I have direct 184 — Aoxw - -- -- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 22 ed will also consider what our policy should be on future applications for licenses, whether existing special licenses should be amended or revoked, and whether validated licenses should be required for any other exports currently permitted to the Soviet Union under general license. The Secretary of Commerce announced on January 11, 1980 his denial on national security grounds of eight license applications for export of high technology items to the Soviet Union. When the review and revision of our policy on high technology and other strategic items is completed, I will submit a further report to the Congress concerning any additional controls that may be imposed. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER RESTRICTIONS ON AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY EXPORTS TO THE USSR: REPORT TO THE CONGRESS PURSUANT TO THE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT OF 1979 Acting pursuant to a Presidential directive issued on January 7, 1980 under the authority of the Export Administration Act of 1979, the Department of Commerce has issued rules effective p.m. January 7, 1980, restricting the export of identified agricultural commodities and products to the Soviet Union. (45 Fed. Reg. 1883, Jan. 9, 1980). This is the Report required by Sections 6(e) and 7(g) (3) of the Act with respect to the imposition of these export controls. These Restrictions Further Significantly U.S. National Security and Foreign Policy Interests The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the installation of a puppet government is an extraordinary and grave act of ag gression which threatens vital U.S. security and foreign policy interests. This invasion is an extremely serious threat to peace. -It places the Soviets within aircraft striking range of the vital oil resources of the Persian Gulf; -It threatens a strategically located country, Pakistan; -It poses the prospect of increased Soviet pressure on Iran and on other nations of the Middle East; -Above all, it is the first Soviet invasion of a previously independent and unoccupied nation since World War II. These extraordinary circumstances demand prompt and forceful response by the United States. We must show the Soviet Union that it cannot expect to continue to do business as usual with the United States while it is invading and occupying an independent nation. Accordingly, restrictions have been placed on agricultural exports to the USSR. These exports make a substantial contribution to Soviet strength. U.S. security interests are affected when that strength is devoted to the military invasion of previously independent nations. Curtailment of these exports is a critical element in our efforts to demonstrate to the USSR in tangible ways that it cannot engage in armed aggression with impunity and without cost to itself. As President and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, I find that the exports being curtailed by this action make a significant contribution to the military potential of the Soviet Union that is detrimental to the national security of the United States. Probability of Success. The restrictions can reasonably be expected to bring home to the Soviet leaders that they cannot act as they have in Afghanistan without paying a significant price. The controls are 185 Jan. 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 expected to have a significant impact on the Soviet economy. They will impress upon the Soviet people the consequences of their government's actions. Absent substitutes from other sources, the restrictions will mean the loss of up to half of projected grain imports for FY 1980. Combined with the 48 million ton shortfall from planned 1979 production, the effect will be a major reduction in the availability of livestock feed, the slaughter of livestock that cannot be fed, and in due course a significant reduction in USSR meat production below planned levels. Moreover, contacts with the governments of other major grain supplier countries indicate that there will be substantial cooperation in limiting the Soviet Union's ability to replace the curtailed U.S. shipments with imports from other sources. Compatibility with Foreign Policy. The controls are essential to achieve U.S. national security and foreign policy objectives and are compatible with overall U.S. policy toward the USSR, for the reasons given above. Foreign Reaction. Many countries have expressed support for these actions by the United States, and United States officials are urgently consulting with other suppliers to seek complementary actions. Economic Impact of Controls. The most significant effect of the control on U.S. exports relates to the 17 million tons of grain previously authorized for the Soviet Union, valued at about $2.3 billion. In FY 1978 U.S. exports of all agricultural commodities to the USSR were $1.9 billion, and in FY 1979 $2.2 billion. These exports constituted 6.8% of total U.S. agricultural exports in FY 1978 and 6.9% in FY 1979. Grain exports accounted for about 80% of the value of U.S. agricultural exports to the USSR in FY 1979. Soybeans accounted for another 15%. The U.S. provided 65.1% of Soviet grain imports in FY 1978 and 77.8% in FY 1979. Total Soviet grain utilization is estimated at 231 million metric tons from July, 1978 to June, 1979, and-before imposition of these restrictions-was projected to be 228 million tons for July, 1979 to June, 1980. U.S. grain exports (11.1 million tons) accounted for 4.8% of the 1978/1979 Soviet use. Before these restrictions, U.S. exports were projected to provide 11.2% (25.5 million tons) of the Soviets' projected 1979/1980 utilization (228 million tons). The United States is the world's largest exporter of wheat and corn and will remain so even after the suspension of most agricultural commodity exports to the Soviet Union. The United States has been undertaking consultations with other governments to reduce the possibility that other suppliers would take advantage of U.S. action to build up their own competitive position at U.S. expense. Because the export restriction has been imposed on agricultural commodities destined to the USSR in response to a Soviet act of aggression and on the basis of fundamental U.S. national security and foreign policy interests, it is unlikely that such action will diminish the overall reputation of the United States as a reliable supplier. With respect to foreign availability of wheat and corn, the United States is the major supplier of these commodities in world trade. At this time, it appears that additional supplies available in the world market are limited. With respect to soybeans and soybean products, there is substantially greater foreign availability. The availability of these commodities to the Soviet Union will depend therefore, in 186 ill.. -r - ILs - II is - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 22 part, upon the cooperation of foreign suppliers. In the absence of offsetting domestic policies the restriction on agricultural exports to the USSR- would have an economic impact primarily on grain farmers, on firms and employees in the grain sector, on certain rail and barge lines, and on communities in grain producing areas. Absent offsetting action, it is estimated that the restrictions on the export of agricultural commodities to the Soviet Union would reduce 1980 farm income by approximately $3.0 billion. The Secretary of Agriculture has been directed to take a number of actions, using authorities already available under current law, to ensure that the suspension of exports to the USSR will not fall unfairly on farmers and on grain marketing systems. To assure that it does not, he has taken the following actions: To prevent immediate market congestion The Department of Agriculture: * has requested that future trading in wheat and corn be suspended for the market days, January 7 and January 8; * has announced that it will purchase up to 4 million tons (150 million bushels) of wheat, including the assumption of the contractual obligations on up to 3.7 million tons (135 million bushels) that will not be shipped to the Soviet Union; * is preparing to assume the contractual obligation on up to 10.0 million tons (395 million bushels) of corn. None of these grain purchases will be resold on the domestic market until it can be done without adversely affecting market prices. All contractual assumptions will be made at prices that will protect against losses, but will not guarantee profits. To fully offset the intermediate term impacts of the suspension of sales to the USSR The Department of Agriculture has taken action to: * increase the wheat loan price to $2.50 a bushel; * increase the corn loan price to $2.10 a bushel, with comparable increases in loan prices for the other feed grains; * increase the reserve release price to $3.75 a bushel for wheat-representing 150 percent of the new loan price; * increase the reserve call price to $4.63 a bushel for wheat-representing 185 percent of the new loan price; * increase the reserve release price to $2.63 a bushel for corn-representing 125 percent of the new loan price; * increase the reserve call price to $3.05 a bushel for corn-representing 145 percent of the new loan; * make comparable increases in reserve release and call prices for the other feed grains; * waive first-year interest costs for the next 13 million tons of corn (corn only) entering the reserve; * increase reserve storage payments from 25 to 26/2 cents a bushel for all reserve commodities except oats, which is increased from 19 to 20 cents a bushel. To facilitate long-term supply and demand adjustments The Department of Agriculture is now evaluating: * increased commercial grain exports, and increased food donations under P.L. 480 where appropriate; * increased production of fuel alcohols from grain and other agricultural commodities; * acreage diversion programs. 187 Jan. 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 These steps are intended to offset the reduction in farm income and, assuming a suspension through 1980, will limit the reduction in value of agricultural exports to approximately $2.0 to $2.25 billion (instead of $3 billion). It is anticipated that these actions will result in increased budgetary costs of $2.5 to $3.0 billion during FY 1980 and 1981. Most of the increase in budget outlays will be associated with removal of wheat and corn from the market and, therefore, the budget impact will be lessened when these commodities move back into the market and loans are repaid or sales proceeds are obtained. ENFORCEMENT No unusual problem is anticipated in enforcing the control on United States direct sales of agricultural products. With respect to reexports from third countries to the USSR, the fungible nature of the commodities makes it somewhat difficult to control their ultimate destination. The Department of Commerce and other agencies will watch this situation closely and will take enforcement action in case of violations. FOREIGN POLICY CONSEQUENCES OF NOT IMPOSING CONTROLS If this and other measures which have immediate and practical effect had not been imposed, United States reactions to Soviet aggression would have been limited largely to words. Vigorous and far-reaching action was required to confirm to the Soviets that they cannot with impunity engage in acts of aggression that threaten the foreign policy and national security interests of the United States. NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. The text of the letters was released on January 22. President's Personal Emissary to India White House Statement on the Selection of Clark Clifford. January 22,1980 The President has asked Clark Clifford to go to India as his personal emissary to continue with the new Indian Government the dialog we have had with India over the years. Prime Minister Gandhi has welcomed this proposal and Mr. Clifford will meet with her on January 31. The selection of Mr. Clifford, a senior adviser and personal friend of the President, underscores the importance that President Carter attaches to continuing good relations with India and his concern with the situation in Southwest Asia. We expect that the discussions between Mr. Clifford and Prime Minister Gandhi and other senior Indian officials will cover a broad range of international, regional, and bilateral issues. Department of Commerce Nomination of Robert E. Herzstein To Be Under Secretary for International Trade. January 22, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Robert E. Herzstein to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, a new position created by Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979. Herzstein is a senior partner with the Washington law firm of Arnold & Porter. He was born February 26, 1931, in Denver, Colo. He received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1952 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1955. From 1955 to 1958, Herzstein was Assistant to the General Counsel of the Department of the Army. He has been with Arnold & Porter since 1958, where his 188 I 40 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 2 2 experience has included dealing with problems of foreign trade and international business as well as U.S. constitutional litigation and corporate law. Herzstein is chairman of the American Bar Association's Committee on International Trade, International Law Section, and former chairman of its Standing Committee on Customs Law. He is vice chairman of the American Society of International Law's Study Panel on International Trade Policy and Institutions and a member of its Study Panel on Effects of Environmental Regulations on International Trade. He is a trustee of Georgetown University's Institute for International and Foreign Trade Law. Herzstein is the author of "The Role of Law and Lawyers under the New Multilateral Trade Agreements" and various other professional articles and reviews. Meeting With Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher of the Federal Republic of Germany White House Statement. January 22, 1980 The President met this morning with Federal Republic of Germany Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher. Vice President Mondale, Secretary of State Vance, and Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Zbigniew Brzezinski participated in the discussion. The President and the Foreign Minister reviewed the international situation following the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. They analyzed the security implications of the Soviet action, overwhelmingly condemned by the United Nations General Assembly, and agreed that such aggression must not go unanswered. The President and the Foreign Minister were united in their belief that the international community must respond to the Soviet action and that comprehensive Western solidarity will be especially important to counter the danger posed by the situation in Afghanistan. They stressed the need for concrete measures to make clear to the Soviet Union the cost of its action. The President told the Foreign Minister he anticipated with pleasure the March visit of Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, which will provide another timely opportunity for close consultations between the United States and a major Alliance partner. Meeting With President Roy Jenkins of the Commission of European Communities White House Statement. January 22, 1980 The President met today with Roy Jenkins, President of the Commission of the European Communities. They agreed that the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan must be met with a firm and united Western response. On Iran, President Jenkins conveyed to the President the European Community's continuing commitment to do everything possible to bring about an early release of the American hostages and to continue to condemn Iran's grave violation of international law and conduct. The two leaders also discussed the importance of close U.S.-EC consultation on trade matters and of reducing Western dependence on imported oil. Secretary of State Vance and Dr. Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, also participated in the discussion. 189 Jan. 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 American Heart Month, 1980 Proclamation 4716. January 22, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Diseases of the heart and blood vessels remain our Nation's leading cause of death and disability and one of our most serious health problems. Collectively, cardiovascular diseases affect more than 40 million Americans, visiting partial or complete disability on several millions of them and causing nearly 980,000 deaths each year. Since 1948, this Nation has been engaged in a concerted effort to acquire new knowledge about the cardiovascular system and the diseases that afflict it; to disseminate that knowledge to the research and medical communities and to the general public; and to mobilize resources, facilities, and research and medical manpower toward the goal of reducing illness, disability, and premature death from cardiovascular disorders. Leading this national effort have been the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-a federal agency-and the American Heart Association, supported by private contributions; but it has been a cooperative endeavor involving the participation of a great many agencies and groups and enjoying the confidence and continued support of the American people. Widespread application of research and clinical advances stemming from this effort is having substantial and salutary effects on cardiovascular disease mortality rates, which have declined by 34 percent since 1950. These mortality-rate decreases extend across the whole spectrum of cardiovascular diseases and, in most categories, have accelerated during recent years. Since 1968, for example, the mortality rate for coronary heart disease has declined by 26 percent and that for stroke by 37 percent. These reductions represent more than three hundred thousand lives saved each year, because these two disorders account for nearly 84 percent of all cardiovascular disease deaths. Recognizing the need for all Americans to help in the continuing battle against cardiovascular disease, the Congress, by joint resolution approved December 30, 1963 (77 Stat. 843; 26 U.S.C. 169b) has requested the President to issue annually a proclamation designating February as American Heart Month. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of February, 1980, as American Heart Month. I invite the Governors of the States, the appropriate officials of all other areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and the American people to join with me in reaffirming our commitment to the search for new ways to prevent, detect and control cardiovascular disease in all its forms. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-second day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:45 a.m., January 23, 1980] 190 ~ I~I~II I I _ L I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 23 United States Ambassador to El Salvador Nomination of Robert E. White. January 22, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Robert E. White, of Melrose, Mass., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to El Salvador. He would replace Frank J. Devine, resigned. White has been U.S. Ambassador to Paraguay since 1977. He was born September 21, 1926, in Stoneham, Mass. He received an A.B. from St. Michael's College in 1952 and an M.A. from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in 1954. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946. White joined the Foreign Service in 1955 and served at the State Department and in Hong Kong, Ottawa, and Guayaquil. From 1965 to 1968, he was chief of the political section in Tegucigalpa, and from 1968 to 1970, he was detailed to the Peace Corps as Deputy Regional Director, then Regional Director, for Latin America. From 1970 to 1972, White was Deputy Chief of Mission in Managua, and from 1972 to 1975, he was Deputy Chief of Mission in Bogota. From 1975 to 1977, he was Deputy U.S. Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States. United States Ambassador to Austria Nomination of Philip M. Kaiser. January 23, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Philip M. Kaiser, of New York City, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Austria. He would replace Milton A. Wolf, resigned. Kaiser has been Ambassador to Hungary since 1977. He was born July 12, 1913, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He received a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1935 and a B.A. and M.A. from Balliol College, Oxford University, in 1939. From 1939 to 1942, Kaiser was an economist with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and from 1942 to 1944, he was chief of the project operations staff of the Board of Economic Warfare. From 1944 to 1946, he was chief of the planning staff at the Foreign Economic Administration, and in 1946 he also served as executive assistant to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for International Affairs. Kaiser was Director of the Labor Department's Office of International Affairs from 1947 to 1949 and Assistant Secretary for International Affairs from 1949 to 1953. In 1954 he was an adviser to the Free Europe Committee, and from 1955 to 1958, he was special assistant to the Governor of New York. From 1958 to 1961, Kaiser was a professor of international relations at American University. He was Ambassador to the Republic of Senegal and the Islamic Republic of Mauritania from 1961 to 1964. From 1964 to 1969, he was Minister and Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in London. From 1969 to 1975, Kaiser was chairman and managing director of Encyclopaedia Britannica International Ltd. From 1975 to 1977, he was director of Guinness Mahon Holdings Ltd. of London, England. 191 Jan. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentNomination of Horace Dicken Cherry To Be an Assistant Secretary. January 23, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Horace Dicken Cherry, of Forest Heights, Md., to be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He would replace William B. Welsh, resigned. Cherry has been director of the National Center for Municipal Development since 1969 and also represents New Orleans, Birmingham, and Columbia, S.C., as their liaison with Congress and Federal agencies. He was born March 22, 1928, in Dallas, Tex. He received a B.A. from Wabash College in 1949 and an M.A. from the University of Chicago in 1952. From 1955 to 1965, Cherry was an assistant professor of educatio at Baylor University, and from 1958 to 1963, he was also director of the Center for Foreign Service Studies at Baylor. From 1962 to 1967, he was a Texas State representative. From 1965 to 1967, Cherry was administrative assistant to Senator Ralph Yarborough. From 1967 to 1969, he was a congressional service officer in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Model Cities and Governmental Relations. President's Committee on Mental Retardation Appointment of Seven Members. January 23, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of seven persons as members of the President's Committee on Mental Re tardation for terms expiring May 11, 1982. They are: Harvey A. Abrams, an associate professor at Barry College School of Social Work in Miami, Fla., where he teaches courses in administration and organization of human services. He is a former rehabilitation planner and is a member of the Dade-Munroe District Mental Health Board. Janet Allen-Spilka, executive assistant to the mayor of Utica, N.Y., where her duties include serving as liaison with the mental health and handicapped community. She is a founder of Parent Advocates for the Retarded, Inc., an agency working to procure services and benefits for the mentally retarded. G. Thomas Bellamy, director of the specialized training program and research coordinator for the Center on Human Development at the University of Oregon at Eugene. He has been a teacher of retarded students and project director for several research grants studying the training of severely retarded persons. Marlene Kopman, a board member and former president of the St. Louis (Mo.) Association for Retarded Children and first vice president of The Friends of the Retarded. She is a founder and vice president of the West County Sheltered Workshop. Guy M. McKhann, Kennedy professor of neurology and neurologist in chief at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is on the advisory boards of the United Cerebral Palsy Research and Education Foundation and the Multiple Sclerosis Society. Alba A. Ortiz, an assistant professor and director of bilingual Chicano studies at Southern Methodist University in Dallas. She is a former special education coordinator for Head Start programs and has served as a consultant on handicapped 192 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 23 children and other educational matters to numerous groups. Edward Zigler, a professor of psychology and head of the psychology section of the Child Study Center at Yale University. He is a former Director of HEW's Office of Child Development and Chief of the Children's Bureau. Red Cross Month, 1980 Proclamation 4717. January 23, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation For nearly a century now, the American Red Cross has been an expression of the brotherhood of man. Its humanitarian efforts transcend not only geographical boundaries but also those of political ideology. This past year our Red Cross could be found at work among the hundreds of thousands of Cambodians who sought refuge from hunger and disease in Thai refugee camps. Similarly, it provided aid, through the International Red Cross, to the civilian population of strifetorn Nicaragua and it brought assistance to the "boat people" of Southeast Asia. Here at home, the Red Cross mobilized a vast relief program along the Gulf Coast to help the thousands of our fellow citizens whose homes were destroyed or damaged by a series of hurricanes. In so doing it strained its financial resources, expending in a three-month period a budget meant to last for a year. In addition to easing the suffering of disaster victims, the Red Cross provides more than one-half of our need for blood; teaches us first aid, water safety, and proper care of the ill and injured; and comes to the aid of the men and women in our armed forces and of veterans and their families. The month of March is traditionally observed as Red Cross Month. It is a time to honor those who make this precious humanitarian work possible: the Red Cross volunteer, our neighbor. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America and Honorary Chairman of the American National Red Cross, do hereby designate March 1980 as Red Cross Month. I urge all Americans to "Help Keep Red Cross Ready" by giving generous support to their local Red Cross Chapter. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:08 p.m., January 23, 1980] Red Cross Month, 1980 Memorandum From the President. January 23, 1980 Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies I have just signed a Presidential Proclamation designating the Month of March as Red Cross Month. This act carries with it a certain urgent significance this year. Our American Red Cross is in dire financial need because of vast sums expended for disaster relief during a three-month period last summer. We depend upon the Red Cross not only to help us in time of disaster but also to collect and distribute blood, to as 193 Jan. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 sist members of our armed forces as well as veterans and their families, to instruct us and our families in first aid and water safety, and to provide a vast array of community health services. We in the federal employ can be of great assistance to the Red Cross by providing it with financial support, by volunteering our free time as volunteers, and by donating blood for the ill and injured. Although the Red Cross is part of the Combined Federal Campaign within the Federal Government, approximately half of its 3,000 chapters raise all their funds in March. Additionally, all chapters use this period to inform the public of available Red Cross services and to recruit new volunteers and blood donors. As President of the United States and Honorary Chairman of the American Red Cross, I urge all members of the Federal establishment and members of the Armed Forces to support this vital voluntary organization. JIMMY CARTER to persecute this great man. What has he done in the past few months that is in any way different from what he was doing for the past 20 years? Why the need to silence him now? Is it because of the invasion and occupation of Afghanistan? Just as we have welcomed Solzhenitsyn, Brodsky, Rostropovich, and thousands of others who have fled Soviet oppression, so we would welcome Dr. Sakharov. It is part of our proud and sacred heritage. The arrest of Dr. Sakharov is a scar on their system that the Soviet leaders cannot erase by hurling abuse at him and seeking to mask the truth. His voice may be silenced in exile, but the truths he has spoken serve as a monument to his courage and an inspiration to man's enduring quest for dignity and freedom. The State of the Union Address Delivered Before a Joint Session of the Congress. January 23, 1980 Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the 96th Congress, fellow citizens: This last few months has not been an easy time for any of us. As we meet tonight, it has never been more clear that the state of our Union depends on the state of the world. And tonight, as throughout our own generation, freedom and peace in the world depend on the state of our Union. The 1980's have been born in turmoil, strife, and change. This is a time of challenge to our interests and our values and it's a time that tests our wisdom and our skills. At this time in Iran, 50 Americans are still held captive, innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy. Also at this moment, massive Soviet troops are attempting to Nobel Laureate Andrei Sakharov White House Statement. January 23, 1980 The decision by Soviet authorities to deprive Nobel laureate Andrei Sakharov of his honors and to send him into exile arouses worldwide indignation. This denial of basic freedoms is a direct violation of the Helsinki Accords and a blow to the aspirations of all mankind to establish respect for human rights. The American people join with free men and women everywhere in condemning this act. We must, at the same time, ask why the Soviet Union has chosen this moment 194,-%Wwwww Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 23 subjugate the fiercely independent and deeply religious people of Afghanistan. These two acts-one of international terrorism and one of military aggressionpresent a serious challenge to the United States of America and indeed to all the nations of the world. Together, we will meet these threats to peace. I'm determined that the United States will remain the strongest of all nations, but our power will never be used to initiate a threat to the security of any nation or to the rights of any human being. We seek to be and to remain secure-a nation at peace in a stable world. But to be secure we must face the world as it is. Three basic developments have helped to shape our challenges: the steady growth and increased projection of Soviet military power beyond its own borders; the overwhelming dependence of the Western democracies on oil supplies from the Middle East; and the press of social and religious and economic and political change in the many nations of the developing world, exemplified by the revolution in Iran. Each of these factors is important in its own right. Each interacts with the others. All must be faced together, squarely and courageously. We will face these challenges, and we will meet them with the best that is in us. And we will not fail. In response to the abhorrent act in Iran, our Nation has never been aroused and unified so greatly in peacetime. Our position is clear. The United States will not yield to blackmail. We continue to pursue these specific goals: first, to protect the present and long-range interests of the United States; secondly, to preserve the lives of the American hostages and to secure, as quickly as possible, their safe release, if possible, to avoid bloodshed which might further endanger the lives of our fellow citizens; to enlist the help of other nations in condemning this act of violence, which is shocking and violates the moral and the legal standards of a civilized world; and also to convince and to persuade the Iranian leaders that the real danger to their nation lies in the north, in the Soviet Union and from the Soviet troops now in Afghanistan, and that the unwarranted Iranian quarrel with the United States hampers their response to this far greater danger to them. If the American hostages are harmed, a severe price will be paid. We will never rest until every one of the American hostages are released. But now we face a broader and more fundamental challenge in this region because of the recent military action of the Soviet Union. Now, as during the last 3 2 decades, the relationship between our country, the United States of America, and the Soviet Union is the most critical factor in determining whether the world will live at peace or be engulfed in global conflict. Since the end of the Second World War, America has led other nations in meeting the challenge of mounting Soviet power. This has not been a simple or a static relationship. Between us there has been cooperation, there has been competition, and at times there has been confrontation. In the 1940's we took the lead in creating the Atlantic Alliance in response to the Soviet Union's suppression and then consolidation of its East European empire and the resulting threat of the Warsaw Pact to Western Europe. In the 1950's we helped to contain further Soviet challenges in Korea and in the Middle East, and we rearmed to assure the continuation of that containment. In the 1960's we met the Soviet challenges in Berlin, and we faced the Cuban 195 Jan. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 missile crisis. And we sought to engage the Soviet Union in the important task of moving beyond the cold war and away from confrontation. And in the 1970's three American Presidents negotiated with the Soviet leaders in attempts to halt the growth of the nuclear arms race. We sought to establish rules of behavior that would reduce the risks of conflict, and we searched for areas of cooperation that could make our relations reciprocal and productive, not only for the sake of our two nations but for the security and peace of the entire world. In all these actions, we have maintained two commitments: to be ready to meet any challenge by Soviet military power, and to develop ways to resolve disputes and to keep the peace. Preventing nuclear war is the foremost responsibility of the two superpowers. That's why we've negotiated the strategic arms limitation treaties-SALT I and SALT II. Especially now, in a time of great tension, observing the mutual constraints imposed by the terms of these treaties will be in the best interest of both countries and will help to preserve world peace. I will consult very closely with the Congress on this matter as we strive to control nuclear weapons. That effort to control nuclear weapons will not be abandoned. We superpowers also have the responsibility to exercise restraint in the use of our great military force. The integrity and the independence of weaker nations must not be threatened. They must know that in our presence they are secure. But now the Soviet Union has taken a radical and an aggressive new step. It's using its great military power against a relatively defenseless nation. The implications of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan could pose the most serious threat to the peace since the Second World War. The vast majority of nations on Earth have condemned this latest Soviet attempt to extend its colonial domination of others and have demanded the immediate withdrawal of Soviet troops. The Moslem world is especially and justifiably outraged by this aggression against an Islamic people. No action of a world power has ever been so quickly and so overwhelmingly condemned. But verbal condemnation is not enough. The Soviet Union must pay a concrete price for their aggression. While this invasion continues, we and the other nations of the world cannot conduct business as usual with the Soviet Union. That's why the United States has imposed stiff economic penalties on the Soviet Union. I will not issue any permits for Soviet ships to fish in the coastal waters of the United States. I've cut Soviet access to high-technology equipment and to agricultural products. I've limited other commerce with the Soviet Union, and I've asked our allies and friends to join with us in restraining their own trade with the Soviets and not to replace our own embargoed items. And I have notified the Olympic Committee that with Soviet invading forces in Afghanistan, neither the American people nor I will support sending an Olympic team to Moscow#. The Soviet Union is going to have to answer some basic questions: Will it help promote a more stable international environment in which its own legitimate, peaceful concerns can be pursued? Or will it continue to expand its military power far beyond its genuine security needs, and use that power for colonial conquest? The Soviet Union must realize that its decision to use military force in Afghanistan will be costly to every political and economic relationship it values. 196 Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980Ja.2 Jan. 23 The region which is now threatened by Soviet troops in Afghanistan is of great strategic importance: It contains more than two-thirds of the world's exportable oil. The Soviet effort to dominate Afghanistan has brought Soviet military forces to within 300 miles of the Indian Ocean and close to the Straits of Hormuz, a waterway through which most of the world's oil must flow. The Soviet Union is now attempting to consolidate a strategic position, therefore., that poses a grave threat to the free movement of Middle East oil. This situation demands careful thought, steady nerves, and resolute action, not only for this year but for many years to come. It demands collective efforts to meet this new threat to security in the Persian Gulf and in Southwest Asia. It demands the participation of all those who rely on oil from the Middle East and who are concerned with global peace and stability. And it demands consultation and close cooperation with countries in the area which might be threatened. Meeting this challenge will take national will, diplomatic and political wisdom., economic sacrifice, and, of course, military capability. We must call on the best that is in us to preserve the security of this crucial region. Let our position be absolutely clear: An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force. During the past 3 years, you have joined with me to improve our own security and the prospects for peace, not only in the vital oil-producing area of the Persian Gulf region but around the world. We've increased annually our real commitment for defense, and we will sustain this increase of effort throughout the Five Year Defense Program. It's imperative that Congress approve this strong defense budget for 1981, encompassing a 5 -percent real growth in authorizations, without any reduction. We are also improving our capability to deploy U.S. military forces rapidly to distant areas. We've helped to strengthen NATO and our other alliances, and recently we and other NATO members have decided to develop and to deploy modernized, intermediate-range nuclear forces to meet an unwarranted and increased threat from the nuclear weapons of the Soviet Union. We are working with our allies to prevent conflict in the Middle East. The peace treaty between Egypt and Israel is a notable achievement which represents a strategic asset for America and which also enhances prospects for regional and world peace. We are now engaged in further negotiations to provide full autonomy for the people of the West Bank and Gaza, to resolve the Palestinian issue in all its aspects, and to preserve the peace and security of Israel. Let no one doubt our commitment to the security of Israel. In a few days we will observe an historic event when Israel makes another major withdrawal from the Sinai and when Ambassadors will be exchanged between Israel and Egypt. We've also expanded our own sphere of friendship. Our deep commitment to human rights and to meeting human needs has improved our relationship with much of the Third World. Our decision to normalize relations with the People's Republic of China will help to preserve peace and stability in Asia and in the Western Pacific. We've increased and strengthened our naval presence in the Indian Ocean, and we are now making arrangements for key naval and air facilities to be used by our 197 Jan. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 forces in the region of northeast Africa and the Persian Gulf. We've reconfirmed our 1959 agreement to help Pakistan preserve its independence and its integrity. The United States will take action consistent with our own laws to assist Pakistan in resisting any outside aggression. And I'm asking the Congress specifically to reaffirm this agreement. I'm also working, along with the leaders of other nations, to provide additional military and economic aid for Pakistan. That request will come to you in just a few days. In the weeks ahead, we will further strengthen political and military ties with other nations in the region. We believe that there are no irreconcilable differences between us and any Islamic nation. We respect the faith of Islam, and we are ready to cooperate with all Moslem countries. Finally, we are prepared to work with other countries in the region to share a cooperative security framework that respects differing values and political beliefs, yet which enhances the independence, security, and prosperity of all. All these efforts combined emphasize our dedication to defend and preserve the vital interests of the region and of the nation which we represent and those of our allies-in Europe and the Pacific, and also in the parts of the world which have such great strategic importance to us, stretching especially through the Middle East and Southwest Asia. With your help, I will pursue these efforts with vigor and with determination. You and I will act as necessary to protect and to preserve our Nation's security. The men and women of America's Armed Forces are on duty tonight in many parts of the world. I'm proud of the job they are doing, and I know you share that pride. I believe that our volunteer forces are adequate for current defense needs, and I hope that it will not become necessary to impose a draft. However, we must be prepared for that possibility. For this reason, I have determined that the Selective Service System must now be revitalized. I will send legislation and budget proposals to the Congress next month so that we can begin registration and then meet future mobilization needs rapidly if they arise. We also need clear and quick passage of a new charter to define the legal authority and accountability of our intelligence agencies. We will guarantee that abuses do not recur, but we must tighten our controls on sensitive intelligence information, and we need to remove unwarranted restraints on America's ability to collect intelligence. The decade ahead will be a time of rapid change, as nations everywhere seek to deal with new problems and age-old tensions. But America need have no fear. We can thrive in a world of change if we remain true to our values and actively engaged in promoting world peace. We will continue to work as we have for peace in the Middle East and southern Africa. We will continue to build our ties with developing nations, respecting and helping to strengthen their national independence which they have struggled so hard to achieve. And we will continue to support the growth of democracy and the protection of human rights. In repressive regimes, popular frustrations often have no outlet except through violence. But when peoples and their governments can approach their problems together through open, democratic methods, the basis for stability and peace is far more solid and far more enduring. That is why our support for human rights in other countries is in our own national interest 198 M Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 23 as well as part of our own national character. Peace-a peace that preserves freedom-remains America's first goal. In the coming years, as a mighty nation we will continue to pursue peace. But to be strong abroad we must be strong at home. And in order to be strong, we must continue to face up to the difficult issues that confront us as a nation today. The crises in Iran and Afghanistan have dramatized a very important lesson: Our excessive dependence on foreign oil is a clear and present danger to our Nation's security. The need has never been more urgent. At long last, we must have a clear, comprehensive energy policy for the United States. As you well know, I have been working with the Congress in a concentrated and persistent way over the past 3 years to meet this need. We have made progress together. But Congress must act promptly now to complete final action on this vital energy legislation. Our Nation will then have a major conservation effort, important initiatives to develop solar power, realistic pricing based on the true value of oil, strong incentives for the production of coal and other fossil fuels in the United States, and our Nation's most massive peacetime investment in the development of synthetic fuels. The American people are making progress in energy conservation. Last year we reduced overall petroleum consumption by 8 percent and gasoline consumption by 5 percent below what it was the year before. Now we must do more. After consultation with the Governors, we will set gasoline conservation goals for each of the 50 States, and I will make them mandatory if these goals are not met. I've established an import ceiling for 1980 of 8.2 million barrels a day-well below the level of foreign oil purchases in 1977. I expect our imports to be much lower than this, but the ceiling will be enforced by an oil import fee if necessary. I'm prepared to lower these imports still further if the other oil-consuming countries will join us in a fair and mutual reduction. If we have a serious shortage, I will not hesitate to impose mandatory gasoline rationing immediately. The single biggest factor in the inflation rate last year, the increase in the inflation rate last year, was from one cause: the skyrocketing prices of OPEC oil. We must take whatever actions are necessary to reduce our dependence on foreign oiland at the same time reduce inflation. As individuals and as families, few of us can produce energy by ourselves. But all of us can conserve energy-every one of us, every day of our lives. Tonight I call on you-in fact, all the people of America-to help our Nation. Conserve energy. Eliminate waste. Make 1980 indeed a year of energy conservation. Of course, we must take other actions to strengthen our Nation's economy. First, we will continue to reduce the deficit and then to balance the Federal budget. Second, as we continue to work with business to hold down prices, we'll build also on the historic national accord with organized labor to restrain pay increases in a fair fight against inflation. Third, we will continue our successful efforts to cut paperwork and to dismantle unnecessary Government regulation. Fourth, we will continue our progress in providing jobs for America, concentrating on a major new program to provide training and work for our young people, especially minority youth. It has been said that "a mind is a terrible thing to waste." We will give our young people 199 Jan. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 new hope for jobs and a better life in the 1980's. And fifth, we must use the decade of the 1980's to attack the basic structural weaknesses and problems in our economy through measures to increase productivity, savings, and investment. With these energy and economic policies, we will make America even stronger at home in this decade-just as our foreign and defense policies will make us stronger and safer throughout the world. We will never abandon our struggle for a just and a decent society here at home. That's the heart of America-and it's the source of our ability to inspire other people to defend their own rights abroad. Our material resources, great as they are, are limited. Our problems are too complex for simple slogans or for quick solutions. We cannot solve them without effort and sacrifice. Walter Lippmann once reminded us, "You took the good things for granted. Now you must earn them again. For every right that you cherish, you have a duty which you must fulfill. For every good which you wish to preserve, you will have to sacrifice your comfort and your ease. There is nothing for nothing any longer." Our challenges are formidable. But there's a new spirit of unity and resolve in our country. We move into the 1980's with confidence and hope and a bright vision of the America we want: an America strong and free, an America at peace, an America with equal rights for all citizens-and for women, guaranteed in the United States Constitution-an America with jobs and good health and good education for every citizen, an America with a clean and bountiful life in our cities and on our farms, an America that helps to feed the world, an America secure in filling its own energy needs, an America of justice, tolerance, and compassion. For this vision to come true, we must sacrifice, but this national commitment will be an exciting enterprise that will unify our people. Together as one people, let us work to build our strength at home, and together as one indivisible union, let us seek peace and security throughout the world. Together let us make of this time of challenge and danger a decade of national resolve and of brave achievement. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 9 p.m. in the House Chamber at the Capitol. He was introduced by Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. Visit of Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga of Italy Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony. January 24, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. On this beautiful day it is a great honor for me, representing the United States of America and its 220 million people, to welcome to our country Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga, Prime Minister of the Republic of Italy. There is no need for me to remind Americans about the close and long and historical friendship and the alliances which bind our people together, not only military alliance, which has permitted us to share with one another the responsibility for the maintenance of peace, but also close political consultation and mutual support, cultural exchanges, rapidly increasing levels of trade, and the enormous kinship, blood kinship, which binds more than 7 million Americans to their ancestors and to their present families in Italy. 200 - --- --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 24 These are indeed difficult and sobering days. Days of internal and international terrorism which have blighted the peaceful inclinations of individual human beings. These are also days of international aggression which has caused a threat to the basic application of international diplomacy to the maintenance of peace. These two threats to peace test the courage of all free people, but that courage has never been found lacking. To threaten basic human rights with terrorism, and to threaten the rule of law with terrorism and with international violence is indeed a pressure for friends to stand together. We have with us today a leader who is well qualified to head a great nation's government. He's a professor of constitutional law. He's been a member of the Italian Parliament for, I believe, 22 years. He's highly qualified to help me and other leaders and the people of Italy meet the challenges of the shortages of energy, of inflation, of unemployment, and other domestic matters which come before him to judge and problems which come before him to solve. His leadership has been recognized during his relatively short time as Prime Minister in pulling together the disparate political groups in Italy, and he now serves as President of the European Community. We're very delighted to have him with us. Later this year in June, I will be going to Italy on an official state visit and also to benefit and to derive pleasure from the hosting of a meeting of the economic summit conference in Venice, which will be attended by the seven leaders of the great Western democracies. We do have a great opportunity which has now been pursued for the last 3 years of forging our so-called strategy of cooperation between Italy and the United States: research and the use of solar power, increased use of coal, increased trade, enhancement of investments, the stamping out of the traffic in illicit drugs which originates in Southwest Asia, the exchange of students, the exchange of young leaders of business and commerce, education and politics, and we've even initiated an exchange of the learning of Italian in our own country and English in Italy. This is, indeed, a time to recognize that the peace and the prosperity of Europe is dependent upon the peace and prosperity of the United States. And we recognize even more vividly that our own peace and prosperity depends upon the quality of life hammered out for the nations in Europe under the leadership of Prime Minister Cossiga. There is a Sardinian expression that I will try to give in Italian. Su veru amigu si connoschet in sas adversidades, which means, "One comes to know a true friend in times of adversity." And I'm very grateful this morning to welcome a true friend of the United States, Prime Minister Cossiga, representing the great Republic of Italy. THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President, I thank you for the warm expressions of friendship towards my country with which you have so kindly welcomed me on the occasion of my visit to the United States as President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic. I know that I come at a moment in which the American Nation is in anguish for the fate of a group of its children, feeling indignation for the violation of the norms of civil conduct perpetrated against them. I bring to you, Mr. President, the confirmation of the full and operative solidarity of the Italian Government, also on behalf of the Italian President, to put an end to the outrage, so as to reestablish norms. The international situation is at the moment fraught with problems and dan 201 X-N Jan. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ger for peaceful coexistence of nations and for detente. And thus a direct and personal consultation between leaders of nations sharing the same ideals and values of liberty, justice, and democracy, which is ever experienced between two governments united by close ties, is all the more necessary today. We cannot renounce these values. We consider their defense as essential. The truths they safeguard are to us essential and expedient, and the policies depending on them are also essential in our mind. These values thus lie at the heart of our close and constructive friendship with the United States of America, and of our staunch and determined participation in the development of the European Community, that is to say, the two institutional cornerstones of Italy's foreign policy. The friendship between our two countries unfolds in a wide range of relations, founded upon what are now firmly established historical, religious, cultural, social, economic, and commercial precedents. Moreover, an interaction of customs and behavior shows a vast range of psychological uniformity. This finds its natural expression in the Atlantic Alliance, which unites free nations in defense of peace and freedom, and represents the surest bastion of security that all the Western world wants to belong to, by virtue of the inclination of a natural orientation of our peoples towards liberty, independence, democratic and representative self-government, even more than by a political stance of governments. The United States, Italy, and the other member nations that have created and want this Alliance, because this Alliance stems from their culture and civilization, for the peace of their peoples, for peace in Europe and throughout the world. And the ideals of peace, which are the ideals of an orderly and just progress of tolerance, of productive exchange between different systems, and of the development of the international community, are and remain the ideals of our peoples. In historical reality and its ideal foundations, security is both an unwavering premise and also the fruit of peace. Therefore, to work for peace is to work for security, and to work for security is to work for peace. This is the background for our political relations, and this is the context for our exchanges of views, which will not only deal with bilateral relations but which will involve an examination of the widest possible scope, in order to make a responsible contribution to the solution of the greater problems faced by the international community; in the interest of peace and security, which only the essential balance of forces enables us to maintain; in anticipation of a moral growth of the world, which enables the most favorable basis to be found for peace and security. Italy, which at present is carrying out the presidency of the European Community, is committed to achieve the great objective of unity of the old continent, in the conviction that at a time such as this Europe must play its political role, a role to which it is bound by its technological and economic capacities; by its traditions of civilization and culture; by its sincere dedication to peace and equilibrium; and by its intellectual and moral capacities. And likewise, in the conviction that Europe must play this role in relations of solidarity, in collaboration with the United States, in a climate of mutual confidence and trust: a Europe which by its history and its culture can be a valuable point of reference for other European peoples; a Europe which is open to friendship towards all peoples; a Europe which by virtue also of its geographical position can and must be an important element of the necessary dialog and expedient collaboration with the countries of the Mid 202 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 24 die East and Africa, and, through its ancient cultural and historical bond, with the countries of Latin America. And now, Mr. President, please allow me to extend a fraternal greeting and an affectionate word to all Americans of Italian origin. They represent, by their numbers and their participation in all fields of American life, an important section of the people of this great country, and constitute a visible element of the indestructable basis of our friendship. We are proud of the contribution that the men, women, and young people coming from Italy, and their descendants, have made to the progress, prestige, and prosperity of your country. And we are also determined to show to them that Italy is able to overcome the difficult and delicate problems of the present time, and to continue to make a permanent contribution in thought and deed to the development of the world civilization. And now, Mr. President, when, in your very kind and friendly words you expressed an old saying of my region, which has been one of the first regions to fight for unification and independence of Italy; when you spoke in the Sardinian language and you said that you know friends in difficult moments-well, I'm here to confirm this. And on behalf of the President of the Italian Republic, on behalf of my government, on behalf of the whole of the Italian people, and on my own personal behalf, I wish to extend to you, Mr. President, to Mrs. Carter, to your family, and to all of the American people, the warmest and most cordial greeting. NOTE: The President spoke at 10:09 a.m. on the South Lawn of the White House. Prime Minister Cossiga spoke in Italian, and his remarks were translated by an interpreter. Following the ceremony, the President and the Prime Minister held meetings in the Oval Office and the Cabinet Room at the White House. Department of Education Nomination of John B. Gabusi To Be Assistant Secretary for Management. January 24, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate John B. Gabusi, of Washington, D.C., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Management, a new position. Gabusi has been Assistant Director for Management of the Community Services Administration since 1977. He was born February 3, 1941, in Florence, Ariz. He received a B.A. from the University of Arizona in 1967. From 1966 to 1968, Gabusi was director of the Tucson, Ariz., Office of Survey Research Associates, a marketing/survey/ research company. From 1969 to 1977, he was special assistant to Congressman Morris K. Udall. From 1969 to 1972, he also served as staff director of the Subcommittee on the Postal Service. He was on leave from the congressional staff in 1975 and 1976 to serve as national campaign director of the Udall Presidential campaign. From December 1975 to March 1976, he was director of field operations for Energy Action, and in July 1976 he returned to the congressional staff as special assistant. Department of Education Nomination of Elizabeth S. Carpenter To Be Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs. January 24, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Elizabeth S. Carpenter, of Austin, Tex., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Public Affairs, a new position. Carpenter is director of ERAAmerica and is currently working at the Education Department on a consultant basis. 203 Jan. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 She was born September 1, 1920, in Salado, Tex. She received a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Texas in 1942. From 1944 to 1945, Carpenter was a reporter for United Press in Philadelphia. From 1945 to 1961, she was an owner and writer for Carpenter News Service, a Washington news bureau representing national newspapers. Carpenter was executive assistant to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1963 and staff director and press secretary to Mrs. Johnson from 1963 to 1969. From 1972 to 1975, she was vice president of Hill & Knowlton public relations. From 1976 to 1979, she was a consultant to the Lyndon B. Johnson Foundation. Carpenter is a member of the national board of the National Women's Political Caucus and a former president of the Women's National Press Association. Department of Education Nomination of Carl William Fischer To Be Assistant Secretary for Budget and Planning. January 24, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Carl William Fischer, of College Park, Md., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Budget and Planning, a new position. Fischer has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of Energy for Planning and Evaluation since 1979. He was born August 4, 1931, in Pittsburg, Pa. He received a B.A. from Muskingum College in 1953 and an M.P.A. from Harvard University in 1964. Fischer was with the Office of Management and Budget and its predecessor agency, the Bureau of the Budget, from 1957 to 1975. He served as Deputy Chief of Legislative Reference, Program and Budget Analyst, Assistant Chief of the International Division, Deputy Assistant Director for Legislative Reference, and finally Deputy Associate Director for Human Resources. From 1975 to 1977, Fischer was Associate Director for Human Resources and Community Development at the Congressional Budget Office. In 1977 he served as Associate Administrator for Policy and Programs at the Federal Energy Administration, and in 1977 and 1978 he was Deputy Administrator of the Energy Information Administration at the Energy Department. Fischer was a member of the U.S. delegation to the 1969 NATO Conference on Planning, Programming and Budgeting, and was a senior member of the Department of Energy Activation Task Force in 1977. Committee on Disarmament Nomination of Charles C. Flowerree for the Rank of Ambassador, While Serving as U.S. Representative. January 24, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Charles C. Flowerree, of Arlington, Va., for the rank of Ambassador while he serves as U.S. Representative to the Committee on Disarmament, replacing Adrian S. Fisher. Flowerree was appointed to this position earlier this year. He was previously Chief of the International Relations Division at the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA). He was born April 20, 1921, in Baltimore, Md. He received a B.S. from the United States Naval Academy in 1943 204 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 24 and served in the U.S. Navy from 1943 to 1958. Flowerree joined the Foreign Service in 1958 and served in Saigon, Kinshasa, London, and at the State Department. From 1974 to 1975, he was Deputy Director of the Office of Disarmament and Arms Control at the State Department, and from 1975 to 1976, he was Director of the Office of International Security Policy. From 1976 to 1977, Flowerree was Special Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs at State. From 1977 to 1979, he was Chief of the International Relations Division at ACDA. The Cyprus Conflict Letter to the Speaker of the House and the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. January 24, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:) In accordance with the provisions of Public Law 95-384, I am submitting the following report on progress made during the past 60 days toward the conclusion of a negotiated solution of the Cyprus problem, plus a copy of Secretary General Waldheim's comprehensive report to the Security Council on the United Nations operation in Cyprus for the period of June 1 through November 30, 1979. Since my last report on Cyprus, dated November 21, 1979, the intercommunal talks have regrettably remained recessed. Now that the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council have concluded their periodic reviews of the Cyprus question, I am hopeful that all parties will again focus their primary attention on resuming the intercommunal negotiations. Secretary General Waldheim, in his December 1, 1979, report on Cyprus, undertook to pursue his efforts to reconvene the talks as early as possible in the new year. I am encouraged to note that the Secretary General's representatives on Cyprus have begun consultations with both parties in an attempt to find common ground upon which the negotiations might resume. The United States will continue to support fully the Secretary General and his staff in their efforts to achieve an early resumption of serious negotiations. On December 14, 1979, the Security Council unanimously passed a resolution extending the mandate on the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) to June 15, 1980. I am pleased that the other members of the Security Council share our view that UNFICYP is essential to the maintenance of a calm atmosphere conducive to the reconvening of the intercommunal talks. The Cyprus dispute has been on the international agenda for decades. The historical complexity of this issue indicates that perseverance, patience, and political courage are required on both sides if a just and lasting settlement is to be achieved. We are committed to the vigorous pursuit of all promising avenues that might lead to that settlement, and will continue to consult closely with all parties to the Cyprus dispute, the United Nations, our European allies, and other nations legitimately concerned with bringing peace to this troubled island. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Frank Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. 205 Jan. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 United States-Kiribati Treaty of Friendship Message to the Senate Transmitting the Treaty. January 24, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for advice and consent of the Senate, the Treaty of Friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Kiribati. The primary purpose of the Treaty is to settle on terms acceptable to both governments the conflicting claims to 14 islands in Kiribati (formerly the Gilbert Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, and to establish a regime of cooperation, particularly regarding security arrangements and fisheries. The report of the Department of State is enclosed for the information of the Senate. The Treaty and Agreed Minute meet the practical interests of both countries and will satisfy the desire of the Kiribati people that their sovereignty over 14 of the islands in their country be unencumbered by a conflicting claim of the United States. The Treaty will protect United States interests by assuring non-discriminatory future access to Kiribati fishing grounds which supply fish to the canneries of American Samoa. The Treaty also promotes the interest of American Samoa by encouraging joint ventures using the facilities constructed by the United States on Canton Island. As well, any military use of the islands by third parties is to be a subject of consultations with the United States, and third parties may not use United States-built facilities without United States agreement. The Treaty will further United States foreign policy and security interests in promoting peace, security and development of the region. I recommend that the Senate give early consideration to the Treaty and give its advice and consent to ratification. JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 24, 1980. United States Citizens Living Abroad Letter to the Speaker of the House and the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. January 24, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:) Section 611 of Public Law 95-429, as amended by Section 406 of Public Law 96-60, required that I transmit a report to you on Federal statutes and regulations which "treat United States citizens living abroad differently from United States citizens residing within the United States or which may cause, directly or indirectly, competitive disadvantages for Americans working abroad relative to the treatment by other major trading nations of the world of their nationals who are working outside their territory". On August 27, 1979, I transmitted to you such a report, addressing many of the legal provisions that affect U.S. citizens residing abroad and comparing those provisions with the treatment accorded U.S. citizens residing in the United States. Modest but useful recommendations were made, and this Administration has taken steps to follow up on them, as noted at the end of the report enclosed with this message. 206 I ON IN. -- - - - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 24 The additional report I am now transmitting concentrates on the taxation of Americans living abroad. It is clear to me that the phrase "competitive disadvantage" refers primarily to Federal taxation. Therefore, as I noted in my message of August 27, 1979, I asked the Secretary of the Treasury to prepare a report on this complicated subject, which, as you know, has involved the Congress and this Administration in long deliberations in recent years. The various studies undertaken on the taxation of Americans living abroad do not yet provide clear evidence of competitive disadvantage and its impact on American economic interests. In addition, the Foreign Earned Income Act of 1978 has been in place for only one year. Consequently, the Treasury Department has not yet had a chance to submit to Congress, as required by that Act, a report on the operation of the new provisions for tax year 1979 and on the economic and revenue effects of the new law. Until some assessment is made for at least the first year's operations, I believe it prudent not to recommend changes in the law. I believe, however, that this report will be helpful to the Congress and to the Administration in understanding the complicated and controversial area of tax policy and law. I fully intend to explore these important matters and to work with the Congress in developing any needed improvements. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Frank Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The 25-page report is entitled "Equitable Tax Treatment of United States Citizens Living Abroad." Visit of Prime Minister Cossiga of Italy Toasts at the State Dinner. January 24, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. I know all of you join me in this happy occasion, happy because we have a very fine friend here from a great nation. It's a pleasure for me to welcome Prime Minister Cossiga here. This is his first official visit to the White House, and I know I join with all of you in hoping that he'll come back here several times, for many years in the futureand you and I will be here to greet him as hosts. [Laughter] So far, I have no arguments from our guest. [Laughter] As a matter of fact, he and I have a lot in common. I went for a number of years, and to three different colleges, and finally got a bachelor of science degree; he's a distinguished professor of constitutional law. We've both served in the Federal Government, as you know. I've been in office 3 years; he's served 22 years. [Laughter] He has held many offices in the federal government of Italy; I've only held one office. [Laughter] We both have been in the Navy. He's still in the reserves. He's a commander, and I was a lieutenant. [Laughter] But we both have actually one thing in common: Sardinia is just about as far from Rome as Georgia is from Washington. [Laughter] Our guest is a scholar and still a student. And one of the great historic figures whom he admires most is Sir Thomas More. He's written about Sir Thomas More, and he described him in these words: "A great political leader. A fine diplomat. An eminent jurist, and a productive man of culture." And I think that description accurately describes our guest here this evening. 207 Jan. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I quoted this morning from a saying in Sardinia, that one only knows one's true friends in a time of crisis or tribulation, challenge. And in the last few months under Prime Minister Cossiga, we have been reminded in our own Nation again of the true value of friendship. Our country has been tested; we have faced difficult and trying times. And I think the harmony that we have achieved, because of the sensitivity and the friendship and the tremendous political courage exhibited by the leader of the Government of Italy, has been an inspiration to all of us and a support that we will never forget. There is a characteristic about our Nation which hasn't been adequately emphasized since American hostages were seized by militant kidnapers on the fourth day of November last year. It's a significant measure of the character of a nation when it shows how it responds to an act of terrorism that hurts one person or a few people. The entire Nation and in fact the entire world was aroused when President Moro was a victim of an act of terrorism. It showed not only the strength of Italy to come together in a sense of both unity and concern because a violent act was perpetrated against humanity, but America has exhibited the same kind of sentiment and the same kind of unity and the same kind of strength and the same kind of concern and the same kind of compassion in the last few weeks-220 million Americans absolutely obsessed with the fact that 50 of our fellow citizens were being held as innocent victims by terrorists. I think it's a measure not of weakness, but of strength, and I'm very grateful that we in this time of trial have had the absolute firm support of the people and the Government of Italy. In addition to that, the Italian Government and its people have expressed in very strong terms their condemnation of the unwarranted military aggression against the people of Afghanistan. It's not only in a time of crisis and trial and testing that we and the Italian people have been drawn together. We have much in common, as you well know, not only in times of current events but historical perspective. Our culture has been derived to a major degree from the great teachers, scholars, poets, of Rome. Every American knows at least one phrase in Latin, "E Pluribus Unum," and it came, as you know, from a poet, Virgil, in Rome. Obviously this is not the only thing that we derived from Italy. One of the things that we've noticed, that I have noticed today, is the rapid growth in the number of Italo-Americans who live in our Nation. This morning I said after talking to the Prime Minister-I got my figure from the Prime Minister-that there were 7 million Italo-Americans in this country. And this evening, just a few hours later, there are 20 million Italo-Americans. [Laughter] And my wife and Gino Paolucci 1 on the way in said, "It's not 20 million, Mr. President; it's 30 million." [Laughter] I am sure after this visit by the Prime Minister there will be at least 65 million ItaloAmericans in our country. [Laughter] Well, we do have strong and firm and constant military ties with Italy. We have strong and firm and constant and very valuable political ties with Italy. We also have economic ties, cultural ties. And I think perhaps the most important of all is the one I just mentioned, ties of blood, of kinship. There is no way under any possible political party or any possible President that our Nation could ever be separated from a feeling of affinity and mutual purpose for the people of Italy, because not only 20 or 30 million ItaloAmericans live here but their influence and their concern remind all Americans 1 Chairman of the board, Italian American Foundation. 208 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 24 of the value of this ancient friendship, the sharing of culture, the sharing of present problems, and the sharing of a great future destiny. It's an honor for us to have a statesman and a scholar, a great diplomat and a firm political leader to come and be with us this evening. And I would like to propose a toast at this time to Prime Minister Cossiga and to the great and to the brave people of Italy. Mr. Prime Minister, we're glad to have you with us. THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you very much, Mr. President. Ladies and gentlemen, President Carter has just mentioned that he came out of the Navy as a mere lieutenant, while I'm a commander or captain; and then he came out with a bachelor's degree from college, and I am a professor; and I have served in many capacities in my country, and he has served only in one here. But there is one thing that he can do that I have noticed: His aides allow him to speak off the cuff, something that my aides do not. [Laughter] Of course, guess what I am going to get from my aides for speaking off the cuff tonight? But they'll catch up with me in Rome. President Carter has also mentioned that I am very deeply attached to Sir Thomas More, and he has said that many of the things that apply to him can apply to me. But I can say that it was said of Thomas More that he was born for friendship and progress, and, Mr. President, this applies to you. Mr. President, I can rightfully number this day among the richest of my political and personal life-this day, which sees me extend to you the greetings of Italy and the Italian Government and people, and express to you the high esteem, profound respect, sincere friendship and gratitude for your cordial hospitality. This is all the more so since in you I feel I pay tribute and address the great American Nation: the nation of th'e Pilgrim Fathers, the nation of great struggles and sacrifices during the colonial period to win and to defend the guarantees of democracy, the nation of the great struggles for independence, and the nation which at the most crucial moments of world history has always been an important part of the struggle for liberty. I feel I am addressing the country which first laid down democratic consensus as the basis for political power, the country which, at so many times in its life, has given expression to the style and solidity of ancient Rome, and not only through the use of the words "E Pluribus Unum," the splendor of renaissance Italy, and the creative brilliance of baroque Italy. I see that my speech is long; therefore, Mr. President, I'm going to face the wrath of my aides, and I am going to speak off the cuff. [Laughter] Otherwise I hope [inaudible]. Mr. President, I hope I will be able to express, in a few simple words, what it said, in more flowery terms, in the text that we had prepared in Rome. This morning, Mr. President, you gave me a lesson of simplicity which I have learned. It's not the habit of Italian politicians to be very simple. [Laughter] My visit here today comes as a proof of friendship and solidarity towards your great country at the time when the United States feel affected in their deepest feelings by the fate of the hostages which are being held at present in Iran, and to whom I wish, as a man and a Christian, a safe return home to their families and in their country. I arrived here, Mr. President, at the time where the political situation of the 209 Jan. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 world is in turmoil. I came as an Italian and as a European, a friend among friends, an ally among allies, and I have been treated as such since the moment I stepped on American soil. We, in Italy, are committed to defend the security of our people, hence, of the whole world. And we are convinced that it is only through the respect of international law and through the respect of the sovereignty of nations that it will be possible to have peace reign. The history of your country and of our country have many points in common, Mr. President. We both fought for our independence, our freedom, and our unity, and we both do not wish to lose it. I have come from the old continent to the new continent, and I have found that the new continent has reached unity before we have. And yet, I assure you, we are working towards that goal in order to be worthy of the sons of Europe who have come to these shores. Together we work for peace in the conviction that only through this work for peace it will be possible to guarantee the security and liberty of the world. It is a duty that we share not only vis-a-vis of our perspective people, we share it vis-a-vis of the whole world. They are the fathers of liberty in the old continent, the fathers of liberty in the new continent. That is why we are friends and allies and brothers. And no matter what, we shall continue, Mr. President, together to work for peace, liberty, and security. Thank you. And now, I have a request to make. Could you please sort of break a lance in my favor with my aides so that I don't get too much hate? [Laughter] NOTE: The President spoke at 8: 18 p.m. in the State Dining Room at the White House. Prime Minister Cossiga spoke in Italian, and his remarks were translated by an interpreter. Visit of Prime Minister Cossiga of Italy Joint Press Statement. January 25, 1980 At President Carter's invitation, the President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, Francesco Cossiga, paid an official visit to Washington January 24-25. The Italian Prime Minister is also visiting the United States in his capacity as President of the Council of Ministers of the European Community for the current sixmonth term. The President offered a dinner at the White House in honor of Prime Minister Cossiga and had two meetings with him. The President and the Prime Minister reviewed the exceptionally close relations between the two countries and stressed the solidarity existing between them; they also discussed a number of major international issues of common concern. These included the crises in Iran and Afghanistan, the relations between East and West, the situation in the Mediterranean and the Middle East, the continuing efforts by both the United States and Italy to strengthen the Atlantic Alliance, the international economic situation, the development of the European Economic Community, of which Italy holds at the moment the Presidency, and a broad range of bilateral activities designed to intensify U.S.-Italian cooperation in all fields. The President expressed his appreciation and that of the entire American people for Italy's assistance and support in connection with the international effort to secure the release of the American hostages held by Iran in defiance of the universally accepted standards of international law. The President and the Prime Minister agreed that the principle of civilized behavior and rule of law is at stake. They 210 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 25 believe that the continued detention, bent on blackmail, of American diplomatic personnel puts Iran in conflict not merely with the United States but with the entire world community. The President and the Prime Minister further agreed that all the hostages must be released unharmed. To this effect, they concur in the need for all appropriate means to convince the Iranian authorities to end the illegal captivity of U.S. citizens. The two leaders discussed the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan and agreed that this unacceptable violation of the sovereignty and independence of a previously non-aligned state, of international law, and of the United Nations Charter constitutes a grave threat to the peace not only of a vital region but of the entire world. They noted the international recognition of this threat-as expressed by a very large number of countries, including all the European Community States —in the United Nations General Assembly vote overwhelmingly condemning the Soviet action in Afghanistan. The two leaders firmly reiterated their demand that all Soviet troops be withdrawn from Afghanistan. The President and the Prime Minister expressed their determination to pursue, with like-minded nations, a series of coordinated actions to make very clear to the Soviet Union that it will not be allowed to commit such aggression with impunity. The President and the Prime Minister reviewed the situation in the Mediterranean and the Middle East and agreed to press forward on the Camp David Accord and on the search for a comprehensive settlement, recognizing the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of each country of the area, and their rights to live within established and secure borders and taking into account the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people. The President and the Prime Minister also discussed Atlantic Security issues and expressed their satisfaction with the recent NATO decision to modernize the Alliance's long-range theatre nuclear forces, in conjunction with the offer to Warsaw Pact countries to negotiate a balanced reduction of such weapons. They noted and they agreed that efforts to control and verify strategic nuclear weapons in the interest of world peace should not be abandoned. The President and the Prime Minister also reviewed the difficulties of the present economic situation and agreed to cooperate closely in the efforts to reach common solutions to cope with them. They discussed the plans for the Venice Economic Summit, which Italy will host in June, with particular emphasis on pursuing effective policies on macro-economics, energy, trade and monetary questions, as well as new initiatives for developing the North-South dialogue to which both sides attribute great importance. In emphasizing his solidarity with the Prime Minister and with the Italian people in the fight against terrorism, the President expressed admiration for the Prime Minister's leadership and his commitment to democratic tradition. He further expressed his appreciation for the efforts made by the Italian Government to cope with the difficult economic situation, in order to achieve a greater stability and solve the most pressing problem of our time, the shortage of energy, and assure the necessary rate of economic growth. To further the close bilateral relationship between the United States and Italy and enhance democratic ties on both sides of the Atlantic, the two leaders agreed to intensify cooperation in a variety of fields. Concrete steps in support of such cooperation will encompass the visit of a high-level investment mission to Italy for 211 Jan. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the purpose of expanding American investment in southern Italy; increased bilateral collaboration in the fields of energy research and development; a comprehensive program in agriculture which will help make Italy more self-sufficient in meat production and enlarge U.S. feed grain exports; expanded cultural and educational exchange activity between Italy and the United States, including instructional television for the reciprocal teaching of each country's language; and the prevention of drug abuse. The President told the Prime Minister he looked forward with particular pleasure to the visit he will be making to Rome in June and the continuation of his bilateral talks with the Italian leadership directly preceding the Venice Economic Summit. NOTE: On January 24, the White House released the following announcement. In addition to the President, those attending the meeting with Italian Prime Minister Cossiga in the Cabinet Room this morning were: THE VICE PRESIDENT SECRETARY OF STATE VANCE ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI, ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS DAVID AARON, DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS AMBASSADOR HENRY OWEN AMBASSADOR RICHARD GARDNER DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE ALLEN HOLMES JAMES RENTSCHLER, NSC STAFF MEMBER In addition to Prime Minister Cossiga, those attending the meeting on the Italian side were: MINISTER SERGIO BERLINGUER, DIPLOMATIC ADVISOR DR. LUIGI ZANDA LOY, CHIEF, PRESS OFFICE MINISTER MAURIZIO BUCCI, DIRECTOR GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS MINISTER CESARE GNOLI, VICE DIRECTOR GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS COUNSELOR LUDOVICO ORTONA, OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER'S DIPLOMATIC ADVISOR AMBASSADOR PAOLO PANSA CEDRONIO United States Conference of Mayors Remarks to Mayors Attending the Conference's Winter Meeting. January 25, 1980 I have seen the time that I didn't look forward to meeting with mayors[laughter]-but-I think we've come a long way in the last 3 years. Moon Landrieu, behind me on the stage, I think is typical of what our administration is trying to do. He not only has done a good job in the few short weeks that he has been here but showed even when he was mayor of New Orleans that he understood the basic problems that all of you have to face. He left his beautiful city at that time and went throughout the Nation, as you know, speaking up for New York City-when it was certainly not popular for a southerner to do that-but pointed out in a most perceptive fashion that the cities of our country were in danger. And the Nation listened, and eventually, as you know, the Congress acted. I know that you have such a vast accumulation of experience and a vast accumulation of problems that you've had to face, challenges for the future, that there's no way for me to describe them all. But I would like to take a few minutes this morning to outline to you the entire situation as best I can from my own perspective as President, and then, following that, of course, you'll have a chance to question those others on the stage here about details of the programs that I might mention. When I campaigned throughout the Nation in 1975 and 1976, there was a sense of pessimism bordering on despair about the viability of our major cities. I think this feeling was based on circumstances as they then existed, and I was impressed not only as I observed the circumstances and also talked to people on the 212 - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 25 street, and particularly talked to civic leaders, and especially mayors, that if I became President that this would be a major responsibility of mine. I didn't know the answers-to the major questions even. But as we went into the problem of trying to resolve those difficulties, it became obvious to me that the answers lay not in the White House but among you. One of the things that we've tried to do in every circumstance, and I hope we have not failed, is to bring the mayors into the White House and into every department of Government and even in the process to open up a better relationship, at least in some cases, between the mayors and State officials, including Governors. We've not put forward to the Congress any major legislation or any significant legislation that affected you without having consulted with you first. You've not had to go to the Hill or the Congress and undo mistakes that were made by us because you were not involved in the drafting of legislation, quite often even in the details of it. And I know there were times when you worked literally for months, you and your leaders, elected by you, to help us evolve the programs. I've also been pleased that Jack Watson, my top Administrative Assistant, could work closely with you on a continuing basis to provide an avenue so that you don't have to search among the multitude of agencies that still exist in the Federal Government to find the answer to a question or the source of a corrective action that might repair some lack of service to your community. We don't have an unlimited fund with which to pay for all the needs that you face; we don't claim that, we never will. We ought not to have. And we don't have magic answers to deal with problems that have been building in this country for generations. But I think there's been a substantial restoration of the spirit and the vitality and the growth and the self-confidence among our major communities that was lacking in the past. We've tried to give you some of the tools to do it. Economic development funds have been multiplied in the last 3 years, 40 times over, an increase of 4,000 percent; and the money is being spent wisely. We've also had a 100-percent increase in the CETA program, which is extremely valuable to most of you represented here. We are still moving, I think successfully, to bring in not only mayors, county officials, other municipal officials and State officials but, perhaps most importantly of all, representatives of the private sector. The UDAG program, I think, has been remarkably successful, hammered out by you and implemented by us, working with you. It's a program with minimum turnaround time. We don't keep you waiting to know whether an application is going to be acceptable or not. It has a tremendous magnification factor built into it. With a small amount of taxpayers' money, there's a tremendous amount of benefit. And then when the project is finished, it's one that engenders within itself a great deal of self-pride: This is something we did. I don't think any community that has a successful UDAG program says "This is something the Federal Government did for me." And I don't think that the private investors in your community feel that "This is something that the city government did for me." There's a genuine sense of accomplishment on the part of people that ought to be directly involved in the rejuvenation of deteriorating areas of our Nation, in the metropolitan areas. And that is what has been accomplished. But the private sector has an increasing role to play, and we have tried to put them not only into the UDAG program but also into every other element of societal benefit in our country-jobs, transportation, along with housing and 213 Jan. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 other programs that are partially financed or supported by the Federal Government. In 1975 or 1976, if I could ask any group like this, "What is your most serious problem?", the answer would have been, "Unemployment." Obviously, we haven't solved the unemployment problem. But we have added a net of 9 million new jobs in this Nation, never before done in wartime or peacetime. And I think a lot of those jobs are solid; they are not artificially created jobs that are kind of the froth on our Nation's structure. They are solid. And I think a lot of that has been proven in the last 15 or 17 months by the fact that the unemployment rate, in spite of very serious economic problems that exist worldwide, those jobs have held firmly. We've had a steady increase of literally hundreds of thousands of jobs every month, so that with an increasing labor force, we have not had the unemployment rate going up. Every projection in the future shows that we will not continue that good result, but at least we've had a very good solid basis for assessing how to resolve a difficulty of that kind together. We've now got some problems in the Congress, potentially, unless we work in harmony. I've recommended, as you know, to the Congress a 5-year extension of general revenue sharing. It's going to require a lot of work on the part of all of us to protect that proposal. One of the things that will be in the new revenue sharing legislation that we've proposed is a mandate that in all 50 States there be established a commission to work with you to inventory the fiscal needs of local communities in their entirety, not only from your own sometimes tightly constrained revenue base where State legislators have the final voice on what you can do, but the State contribution and the Federal contribution and what might even come from the private sector. So, I think that we'll have in the revenue sharing bill a very good mandate-it's not option-for the States to coordinate, not to tell you what to do, but to inventory what needs to be done to fulfill the requirements of the urban centers. Youth employment-if we have not succeeded in every aspect of improving our society's life, I would say that the one notable failure has been in the employment of young people. We've got too much unemployment among our young men and women, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 years old, and particularly among minority groups. The unemployment rate among some of them runs as high as 65 percent, and for a person to get out of the category of a statistic and change in our minds into a human being, the realization of that failure of America to let each life be meaningful, is very serious indeed. We've got a limited budget. I'm working to keep down deficit spending. But we will have a massive program to put our young people to work, again emphasizing cooperative work and again emphasizing the private sector. I have served as a Governor and I've served as a local school board chairman. I was chairman of the University Committee in the Georgia State Senate. And I have been concerned all my public life about the incompatibility between the educational institutions of all kinds-the universities, the colleges, the vocational and technical schools, the high schools, and the graduates that they produce on the one hand, and the job needs and the job availabilities on the other. There has never been an adequate way yet to mesh those two. Even establishing communication between them has been very difficult, particularly at the Federal level, because education has been buried under health and welfare. Now we will 214 -Ils4lr I I C III Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 25 have a separate Department of Education, and Shirley Hufstedler and Ray Marshall are already working intimately on this problem so that young people at the junior high school age who cannot claim to have an educational ability adequate to hold a job can have remedial work done. Too many of our high school graduates are still functional illiterates. And at the same time, we need to make sure that those who have dropped out of school have a chance to train themselves to hold a permanent job. And the program that we have evolved will, again, be of great benefit to you and those you represent. Mass transit, public transportation-we have advocated as you know, an enormous increase in funds for this purpose, far beyond the progress that we have already made. And here again, in the youth employment and in mass transit, this is an opportunity for you and your communities to benefit. Let me close by saying two more things. In my opinion, the most serious domestic issue is still inflation. We cannot ignore the fact that all the programs that I have described to you have been carefully devised, not with a cornucopia of Federal funds pouring out in a wasteful fashion, but they've been devised with an emphasis on the utmost efficiency. We haven't been stingy, but we've been careful and cautious. And you have helped us to do it. I don't intend to waste any money, but I need your support to help me hold down the inflation rate because it's so difficult to do. There are some basic problems. One is to cut down the Federal deficit. We've already slashed it $50 billion since I've been President. We've reduced the Federal deficit 75 percent. As a portion of the gross national product, when I ran for President and was elected, it was about roughly 4V2 percent of the gross national product, was the Federal deficit. Now we've got it down to 6/10 of 1 percent, and I'm aiming for a balanced budget. And everything that I've described to you in the past, that we have done already, has been done within those severe budget restraints. And I think in the longrun it's much better for you to do it this way than for us to be overly generous in allocating additional Federal moneys. But I hope that you will help me to impress among the people that you represent that the holding of the inflation rate down is the most serious problem. It has not just come on us. It's been on us for 10 years. We're not going to get rid of it overnight. There are no ways to avoid disappointing particular constituency groups as we deal with the inflation rate. We're trying to get Government regulation minimized-to get the Federal Government's nose out of the free enterprise system and off the backs of the private citizens of our country is a very important commitment. We've done it already in some areas. We've cut paperwork already 15 percent, which is an enormous amount of person-years required to fill out Federal forms. And we have also, as you know, deregulated the airline industry. We're trying now to do the same thing with trucking, rail, communication, finance. If we are successful, the consumers of America will benefit greatly, and the inflationary results from excessive Government regulation will be reduced substantially. But I tell you that every one of those parts of our economic life that I am sure opposed regulation to begin with, now cling to it because they are getting an unwarranted benefit from Government protection at the expense of competition and at the expense of the consumers. We obviously have a need for longrange correction of our lowering rate of increase of productivity. Our country is still, perhaps, the most productive nation on Earth, but the productivity hasn't been 215 Jan. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 growing as much as it should; and longrange commitments to research and development are extremely important for us. Building up more savings is also important. There is no way we can spend our way out of inflation, and there's no way we can wish our way out of inflation. There's no way we can complain our way out of inflation. The only way we can do it is to work our way out of it, and we can't expect an overnight miracle. There are no easy answers. The inflation pressures are on every single nation on Earth, very, very severe inflationary pressures on every nation on Earth. I'm not trying to lay the blame anywhere else, but I am going to do all I can to hold down the inflation rate, and I need for you to help me. And the last point I want to ask you to do is to help me with the foreign policy of our country. Our Nation has been through a time of extreme challenge and trial, and I think we have performed well. I've been extremely grateful at the spirit of commitment and unity and also the spirit of compassion and concern. The capturing of 50 American hostages, innocent people, by terrorists or kidnapers has aroused the finest elements of the American spirit. America has been brought to its knees by this incident, not in submission but in prayer. And I've been impressed with the difference between our country and the Soviet Union. Just to think that 220 million Americans, blessed in every possible way, have become almost completely obsessed with concern and hope about just 50 people. It shows that our commitment to human rights is not just a theory and that we haven't lost the basic elements that make us proud of this country in which we live. And not too far from Iran there's a little country named Afghanistan-proud, independent. They haven't been subjugated completely in 2,000 years; deeply religious. And they are being ground under an enormous military power with loss of life, executions, powerful Soviet troops fighting against the soldiers of Afghanistan, trying to stamp out freedom. It shows a vivid difference between our two countries. In international affairs and in domestic affairs, I don't claim any infallibility. Everybody, including mayors even, don't claim and cannot claim to know all of the answers. But I think you all agree that with a spirit of common commitment and courage and tenacity and unity and high hopes and expectations and the maintenance of those standards of life that never change, we can prevail over the most difficult of obstacles. That's what makes me proud of you, and that's what makes me proud of this country. NOTE: The President spoke at 12:18 p.m. in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. January 21 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. January 22 The President met at the White House with: 216.-4s- - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -a group of evangelical leaders; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Representative Thomas L. Ashley of Ohio; -Mrs. Carter, for lunch. January 23 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -the Democratic congressional leadership; -Clark Clifford, selected as the President's personal emissary to India; -Mr. Moore. January 24 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore. The President attended a luncheon hosted by Mrs. Carter for members of the President's Committee on Mental Retardation. The President announced that he has accorded Frank E. Loy the personal rank of Ambassador. Loy, 51, is Deputy United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs. The White House announced that the President will nominate four persons for positions in which they have been serving under recess appointments. They are: -William J. Driver, to be Commissioner of Social Security. Driver was appointed to this position on January 3, 1980. -Ralph Earle II, to be Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Earle was appointed to this position on January 3, 1980. -William A. Lubbers, to be General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board. Lubbers was nominated for this position on November 28, 1979, but was not confirmed before the Senate adjourned. He was appointed to the position on December 24, 1979. -George M. Seignious II, to be a member of the General Advisory Committee of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. He was appointed to this position on January 3, 1980. January 25 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -members of the Jewish Federatiodn of St. Louis; -Mr. Donovan; -a group of Federal regional officials. The President announced the persons who will represent the United States at the Olympic Torch Ceremony in Athens, Greece, January 27-31, 1980. The Honorable Anne Wexler, Assistant to the President, will head the delegation. The Honorable Joseph Duffey will accompany Ms. Wexler. Other representatives of the President are: THE HONORABLE ABELARDO L. VALDEZ, Chief of Protocol of the United States; 217 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 MRS. CHRISTINE DODSON, Staff Secretary, National Security Council; THE HONORABLE PETER K. BABALAS of Norfolk, Va.; THE HONORABLE LEROY K. IRVIS of Harrisburg, Pa.; THE HONORABLE YORKA C. LINAKIS of New York, N.Y.; MR. JOSE ACEVES of Washington, D.C.; MR. ANDREW A. ATHENS of Chicago, Ill.; MR. ALVA T. BONDA of Cleveland, Ohio; MR. WILLIAM R. BORDERS, JR., of Washington, D.C.; MR. MICHAEL MANATOS of Sumner, Md.; MR. WILLIAM PATRICK MCMULLEN, JR., of Jackson, Miss.; MR. NICK SMYRNIS of Indianapolis, Ind.; MR. KAY SUGAHARA of New York, N.Y. The President left the White House for a stay at Camp David, Md. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted January 22, 1980 ROBERT HARRY SPIRO, JR., of Florida, to be Under Secretary of the Army, vice Walter Barber LaBerge, resigned. ROBERT J. MURRAY, of Virginia, to be Under Secretary of the Navy, vice R. James Woolsey, resigned. FILEMON B. VELA, of Texas, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Texas, vice Reynaldo Garza, elevated. CHARLES DAVID ABLARD, of Virginia, to be a member of the Board for International Broadcasting for a term expiring April 28, 1982, vice John T. Murphy, term expired. The following-named persons to be members of the National Council on Educational Research for terms expiring September 30, 1981: TOMAS A. ARCINIEGA, of California (reappointment). JON L. HARKNESS, of Wisconsin, vice John E. Corbally, term expired. NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted January 22-Continued HAROLD L. ENARSON, of Ohio, vice Robert G. Heyer, term expired. BARBARA S. UEHLING, of Missouri, vice Charles A. Nelson, term expired. BERNARD C. WATSON, of Pennsylvania, vice D. J. Guzzetta, term expired. DAVID BRONHEIM, of Connecticut, to be an Associate Director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency (new position). GEORGE M. SEIGNIOUS II, of South Carolina, for the rank of Ambassador during the tenure of his service as United States Delegation Member at Large to such arms control negotiations as the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency may designate. ROBERT E. WHITE, of Massachusetts, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to El Salvador. Submitted January 23, 1980 PHILIP MAYER KAISER, of New York, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Austria. TRUMAN MCGILL HOBBS, of Alabama, to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Alabama, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. Submitted January 24, 1980 HORACE DICKEN CHERRY, of Maryland, to be an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, vice William Brownlee Welsh. Submitted January 25, 1980 WILLIAM J. DRIVER, of Virginia, to be Commissioner of Social Security, to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate. WILLIAM A. LUBBERS, of Maryland, to be General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board for a term of 4 years, to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate. 218 I 1 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted January 25-Continued RALPH EARLE II, of Pennsylvania, to be Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate. GEORGE M. SEIGNIOUS II, of South Carolina, to be a member of the General Advisory Committee of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate. MATTHEW NIMETZ, of New York, to be Under Secretary of State for Coordinating Security Assistance Programs, vice Lucy Wilson Benson, resigned. CHARLES CONWAY FLOWERREE, of Virginia, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, for the rank of Ambassador while serving as the United States Representative to the Committee on Disarmament. ELIZABETH S. CARPENTER, of Texas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Education (Public Affairs) (new position). CARL WILLIAM FISCHER, of Maryland, to be an Assistant Secretary of Education (Budget and Planning) (new position). JOHN B. GABUSI, of Arizona, to be an Assistant Secretary of Education (Management) (new position). CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. CHECKLIST-Continued Released January 19, 1980 News conference: on grain shipments to the Soviet Union-by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Dale E. Hathaway, Under Secretary, and Howard W. Hjort, Director, Economics, Policy Analysis and Budget, Department of Agriculture, and Ambassador Henry D. Owen, Special Representative of the President for International Economic Summits Released January 20, 1980 News conference: on U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics to be held in Moscow-by Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Press Secretary Jody Powell Released January 23, 1980 Announcement: nomination of Truman M. Hobbs to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Alabama Advance text: State of the Union address Released January 25, 1980 Announcement: United States, New York, and Lake Placid delegations to the Olympic Torch ceremony in Athens, Greece ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT NOTE: No acts approved by the President were received by the Office of the Federal Register during the period covered by this issue. 219 Week Ending Friday, February 1, 1980 Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Remarks at the Annual Hubert H. Humphrey Award Dinner. January 27, 1980 On the way over here, I was trying to think of a story to illustrate the changes that have taken place in the last 30 years. The only one I could think of was one that our Sunday school teacher told us the first Sunday in January; about a very meek, quiet little bookkeeper and his wife who were driving along at night, and they were late getting to their hotel. He was quite nervous, because he didn't like to be out at night. And he had a flat tire on a lonely part of the road. And when he got out to fix it, he opened the trunk of the car and the jack was missing. He immediately blamed it on his wife; they had quite an argument. Finally she slammed the door, and he looked through the window and said, "Well, what are we going to do?" She said, "Well, we passed a service station about 3 miles back down the road. Why don't you walk back there and borrow a jack?" He was quite nervous and quite afraid, but he couldn't talk his wife into going back-[laughter]-so he went alone. And as he walked down the road towards the service station, he began to think to himself. He said, "I bet that lazy service station keeper has closed up since we passed and won't be there to let me have a jack." And he thought about that for awhile. And then later on he said, "Well, I bet if he's open, he'll say that it's too late at night, and he can't help me at all-typical of service station operators," he said. He walked a little bit further, and, as he approached the station, he said, "I bet if he does have a jack and if he will let me have it, he's going to charge me a fortune for it and cheat me-I'm just sure he will." So, he walked in the service station, and this very nice guy came up and said, "Good evening, friend, what can I do to help you?" And the little guy drew back and busted him right in the nose and said, "Keep your jack, I didn't want it anyhow." [Laughter] Well, sometimes, within a society, there is an expectation that is so low that there's a lashing out and an alienation and a lack of trust and a lack of progress, and hopes and dreams cannot be realized, and the strength of a society can't be provided for those who need it most. Thirty years ago this organization was formed with some very difficult tasks, but fairly clear tasks: to stop lynching, to permit black citizens to vote, and to let little black children go to school. It wasn't easy, those goals. History proved it wasn't. But the task was simple: to stop legally condoned murder and legally condoned discrimination and legally condoned deprivation of the right of a human being in a free society under the United States Constitution to have an equal right to a quality life. That was also a time of fragmentation-racial fragmentation, regional fragmentation, religious fragmentation-and it's almost a miracle in retrospect that 150 different organizations could have come together and stayed together, as has been the case in this Leadership Conference on Civil Rights. But what held this group together was the yearning to raise 221 Jan. 2 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 high a banner for the poor and the deprived and the inarticulate and the timid. And that was such a noble goal that it kind of cut through the natural inclination to separate and to seek credit for the achievements, ultimately, that were realized. Tonight, two great men are being honored who, in a different way, both personify the strength of this organization. George Meany was a poor young man. He dropped out of high school. He served 5 years as an apprentice and then, through no fault of his own, failed to pass the journeyman's examination. But one thing he never learned and that was how to give up; and one thing he never forgot was how it feels to be poor. I doubt that without George Meany, without the AFLCIO, that the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1965 would ever have been passed. I don't think that's an exaggeration. Woodrow Wilson said that a nation is great and only as great as its rank and file; and I don't know, in my own experience, of any person who better understood and better served the rank-and-file Americans, about whom all of you have been so deeply concerned, as did George Meany. Clarence Mitchell is the symbol of the strength of this organization. A modest man, he's always eager to give other people credit, as he did a few minutes ago. This is a night to honor him. He, in an excessive degree of generosity, tried to give me credit for things; that's typical of him. But he's always had an incisive mind, and he's always known how to organize, and he's always known how to be successful. And the reason he has been successful is that he's been eager to give other people credit for what he himself has accomplished. He's never grasped for recognition or for anything for himself. He's always grasped for a new life for those who de pended on him, and he's never betrayed their trust. It's not a conflict with what I said recently when I tell you that every single piece of civil rights legislation passed in the last 25 years was passed because of Clarence Mitchell, and without him, it could not have been done. I think when the history of the civil rights movement and the history of the achievement of human rights in this country is written, it could not possibly be done without including the history of Clarence Mitchell and his absolutely remarkable family. Another bit of history that comes to my mind is that, 1968, this country had a chance to elect a President who would have devoted his boundless energy to another quantum jump in the enhancement of human rights in our country-Hubert Humphrey. But a strange set of circumstances militated against that. It was a time of war and division because of war. It was a time of assassination and deep concern and division because of assassination. It was a time of burning cities, as people lashed out one against another in a spirit of frustration. And our Democratic Party was fragmented, and there were some jealousies there. And Hubert Humphrey was not elected, a tragedy for our country. But he didn't let that dampen his spirit, and he kept raising high the banner, as he said, "Walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights." And in the last 3 years, with the help of all of you, that's what we've tried to do. The field is still ripe for the harvest. The passage of the civil rights legislation that's already on the books is just a first step. Women, Hispanics, blacks, the poor, the elderly still wait for true equality in our land of the equal. In the last 3 years, we haven't done very 222 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 27 much, but we've begun, again, to realize the dreams of Hubert Humphrey, George Meany, Clarence Mitchell and others like them assembled in this room. More women, more blacks, more Hispanics have been appointed to the Federal courts than in all the previous administrations in the history of our country. Of the 32 women who now serve on the Federal courts, 28 of them were appointed in the last 3 years. But the point is, that's still just a beginning. When I was sworn in as President, there was not a single U.S. attorney in this Nation who was a woman. Drew Days, head of the Civil Rights Division, is now working hard to establish into the structure of society the benefits derived from the great and historic civil rights legislation, the Bakke case, the Weber case. The stamping out of an embryonic resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan blight on our society is part of his responsibility, and he's doing a good job with it. The Vice President, the members of my Cabinet represent, I believe-every single one of them-the ambitions and the hopes and ideals of this group in the room. Eleanor Holmes Norton, in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, has revamped its structure to make it more efficient. What used to be a backlog of 30,000 claims has now been reduced. It used to take at least 2 years to get one claim through that horrible obstruction. Now the average is less than 2 months. Great needs still exist. There are areas in our country that has an unemployment rate of 35, 40, 45 percent among minority youth. We've created new jobs, 9 million of them. The employment among black citizens has increased 15 percent, 4 percent higher than the increase in employment for the general population of our country. But we still have an awful long way to go. Education and jobs has not yet been matched with one another. Thirty years ago, only one-third of the jobs in our country did not require a high school education. Now, only one-eleventh of the jobs don't require a high school education. And the dropout rate is still extraordinarily high. We've been working for the last year to try to deal with this pernicious problem. And in the 1981 budget, we're asking for a massive commitment to employment among young people-18, 19, 20, 21, 22 years old-with the emphasis on minority youth. It's a challenge to us because it has not yet gone through the Congress. It's a very expensive program. It will combine remedial training at the junior high school level, for those that are still in school, combined with a job in private industry, and for those that have already dropped out, also an opportunity for a job, with an emphasis on training to hold that job permanently. It will add another 450,000 jobs for young people. This is needed, but we should never forget, those of us in this room who are fairly affluent and fairly influential, who are not deprived, what Martin Luther King, Jr., says when he commented it's not good for those to ask blacks to pull themselves up by their bootstraps, when they don't notice that the black is barefoot. There are a lot of barefoot people in our country still, and they are looking to you and me to alleviate their problems. I doubt if we'll ever see again any official-minded busdriver making blacks move to the back end of the bus. But we're not going to be satisfied with blacks and Hispanics and women driving the bus-we want to see them own the bus company. Well, a lot of benefits have been derived from what this group has done long before 223 Jan. 2 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I came to Washington. I think our foreign policy has been transformed with Andy Young's help and with Don McHenry's help, and those who serve around the world as Ambassadors who happen to be black or Hispanic, who understand the special problems of those who are and who have suffered from a history of deprivation. The tremendous votes that took place recently in the United Nations contradicts the historical tone, when the small nations and the new nations and the weak nations and those who represented populations with black and brown and yellow people supported our position with our hostages in Iran and who condemned the Soviet Union for their invasion of Afghanistan. That would likely not have been the case a few years ago. This year, we're going to have a White House Conference on Families. And I want to be sure that families are strengthened, and I hope that all of you will participate and make sure that the structure of that conference will be designed for that noble purpose. And we've still got problems with the elderly. A wise man said, "I never have understood how a father could take care of 12 sons, and 12 sons can't take care of one father." And we've got to get the equal rights amendment passed, as Lane beat me to my punchline, but I want to add my voice. And instead of Clarence Mitchell remaining as the 101st Senator, we want him to be the 103d Senator, because we want to get 2 from the District of Columbia. Well, the point I want to make in closing is this: This group has led our country through 30 years of change-change for the better, change under the most difficult circumstances-giving new hope to those who were hopeless and a new chance to those who thought their whole lives would be blighted with racial dis crimination. We've made a lot of progress; there have been ups and downs; it has not been smooth. We are now trying again to raise that banner high and to move forward rapidly into the sunshine of human rights and let Hubert Humphrey's dream come true. The road is still not easy. There is a tone in this Nation that's not as committed to the enhancement of civil rights, human rights, as I would like to see. You can tell it in the Congress. The battle for fair housing legislation is not going to be easy. And some of the legislation that George Meany and Lane Kirkland and Clarence Mitchell have worked with me to achieve has not yet been achieved. But I would like to say, on behalf of a grateful nation, that we appreciate what you have done, and the exemplification of your great achievement in the lives of two fine men, George Meany, an honoree tonight, and Clarence Mitchell, an honoree tonight. I want us to recommit ourselves this evening not to betray the noble ideals that they espouse, and to let us lead our country forward and upward into the realization of those dreams which made this organization possible and made your great achievements such a blessing to our Nation and to all other countries on Earth who look to us for leadership, and with justifiable admiration. I want to make the greatest nation on Earth even greater in the future with your help. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:33 p.m. in the Presidential Ballroom at the Capital Hilton Hotel. Prior to the President's remarks, former Senator Muriel Humphrey presented awards to Lane Kirkland, president of the AFL-CIO, on behalf of the late George Meany, and Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., chairman of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights. 224 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 28 1959 Geneva Radio Regulations Message to the Senate Transmitting a Partial Revision. January 24, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith the Partial Revision of the Radio Regulations (Geneva 1959)-signed on behalf of the United States at Geneva on March 5, 1978-for the advice and consent of the Senate. I am also transmitting, for the Senate's information, the Department of State's report on the Partial Revision. The primary purpose of the Revision is to update the Radio Regulations to take into account the present technological state of the art and the increasing demands on these frequencies. The Partial Revision (except for the Frequency Allotment Plan itself, which will take effect at 0001 hours GMT on February 1, 1983) went into force on September 1, 1979, for Governments that had notified the Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Union of their approval by that date. I believe that the United States should be a party to the Partial Revision, and it is my hope that the Senate will take early action on the Revision and give its advice and consent to ratification. JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 24, 1980. NOTE: The message was announced on January 28. Budget Message Remarks at the Signing Ceremony. January 28, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. We've come together this morning to have the official signing of the budget for our Nation for fiscal year 1981. I will send this document to the Congress at noon today. But first I want to express my deep thanks to Jim McIntyre, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; to Bill Miller, Secretary of Treasury; to Charlie Schultze, my economic adviser; and to others who participated in this preparation. This is much more than just an accounting document. Indeed, it spells out, for next year and for many years to come, the basic goals of our Nation, what we hope to achieve. It requires an extremely fine sense of sensitivity in establishing priorities, because of the intense pressures from different interest groups for a particular allocation of funds. The final budget document comprises in my own judgment as President the best balance of priorities for our entire country. This requires a great deal of leadership in dealing with the members of the interest groups in the private sector; also in dealing with the various Federal agencies who have put forward their proposals in the strongest possible terms. I think we've come up with a very fine, balanced document, which does indeed spell out a fine life for the American people in years to come. There are a few items that I should emphasize. This budget encompasses a strong commitment to our defense. As spelled out to the Congress late last fall, this will encompass about a 5-percent increase in budget authority, in real terms above and beyond inflation, for fiscal year 1981, compared to fiscal year 1980. In addition, we have a strong commitment to energy. A major portion of the funds to be allocated for energy purposes will come from the windfall profits tax, now in the final stages of deliberation by the Congress. This money will go for increased production of energy in our coun 225 Jan. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 try; for the alleviation of the fiscal burden on the shoulders of poor people by increasing energy costs; for research and development in the energy field; for increased transportation; and of course, in addition to that, for the conservation effort, which is greater than any this country or the world, indeed, has ever seen. We are quite concerned about the quality of life of Americans in the longrange future and also want to increase the productivity of the American industrial complex. So, this budget encompasses a heavy commitment to research and development. The last point I want to make is that we have still a very serious blight on the American social and economic scene in high unemployment among young people. This budget in subsequent years will encompass major initiatives in increasing the job opportunities for young people, and the training that might prepare them for permanent jobs, primarily in the private sector. There's one overwhelming characteristic of this budget: above and beyond all other domestic issues, the control of inflation is the most important. This is a fairly stringent budget. There is no waste in it that we could possibly eliminate. It has, as one of its prime characteristics, a marked reduction in the Federal deficit. We have cut the Federal deficit since 1976 by $50 billion, and this is a budget which has the lowest deficit in 7 years. As a matter of fact, in 1976 the percentage of our GNP covered by the Federal deficit was 4.6 percent. This budget encompasses a deficit of six-tenths of 1 percent, a major reduction. As a matter of fact, if we are pleasantly surprised-I'm not predicting this-and if the economy does stay strong enough that the unemployment level would remain as it is now, a little bit less than 6 percent, we would have a surplus in the budget for 1981. I'm not predicting that, but it shows what a stringent budget it is. This is not an easy thing to accomplish. We have to fight off sometimes very powerful special interest groups who are constantly trying to derive some benefit for themselves at the expense of the general public. Even in the case of removing unwarranted Federal regulation from the private sector, there is an inclination to have protections for these special elements of our society at the expense of the consumers and at the expense of competition on which our free enterprise system is based. We are going to continue to fight off these special interest groups and keep the budget deficit down, and keep a wellbalanced presentation to the Congress for the future of our Nation. I'm very pleased with this budget. It's the result of an awful lot of work. And I particularly want to express my thanks to all of the staff members standing behind me, representing primarily the Office of Management and Budget and the Department of the Treasury. And Jim, it's with a great deal of pleasure now that I sign this budget; one copy to go to the Vice President, who is the President of the U.S. Senate, which I'll sign first. A copy to go to the Speaker of the House of Representatives. And a copy for the official files of the Office of Management and Budget. Now all you've got to do is get it passed through Congress without change. [Laughter] Jim, congratulations. Do you want to say just a word? MR. MCINTYRE. Mr. President, I would agree with you that this is an appropriate budget to meet our national concerns. And I'd like to thank you for your support in this process, because you've had to say no a lot of times also. I appreciate that very much. I'd also like to thank the staff 226 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 28 at OMB for their dedication and their professionalism and hard work in putting this budget together. They've done a superb job. THE PRESIDENT. It's been a good team effort. MR. MCINTYRE. Yes, sir, it has. THE PRESIDENT. Well, again, I want to express my thanks to all of you. Now it's time to start working on 1982. [Laughter] NOTE: The President spoke at 9:31 a.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Budget Message Message to the Congress Transmitting the Fiscal Year 1981 Budget. January 28, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: This budget for 1981 is prudent and responsible. It continues the strategy of restraint that I proposed, and the Congress accepted, for the 1980 budget. At the same time it proposes selected, essential increases in areas of high priority and great national concern. In this way it seeks a balance between our needs for budgetary restraint and our needs for specific expenditures. I expect the Congress to support it. Total outlays for 1981 proposed by this budget are $615.8 billion, an increase of 9%. After allowing for inflation, this budget is virtually level with 1980 spending. Total receipts for 1981 are estimated to be $600 billion. In view of current economic conditions, the only major revenue proposal included in the budget is my windfall profit tax now before the Congress. Thus, I am proposing a deficit of $15.8 billion, the lowest deficit in 7 years. This reduces the deficit by 60% in comparison to 1980. More significantly, it is $50 billion less than when I first ran for the Presidency. As a percentage of the budget, and of the gross national product, the 1981 deficit is the second lowest of the last decade. Economic projections deeply affect this budget. It appears today that the long economic recovery occurring throughout my first term may falter this year. I have therefore assumed that there will be some decline in GNP during the course of 1980, followed by renewed but moderate growth in 1981. As a result, budget receipts will be reduced and certain expenditures will increase automatically. This is why the 1981 budget is in deficit. If, contrary to our assumptions, the economy were to perform strongly enough to keep the unemployment rate at its current level, the 1981 budget would be in surplus. We must monitor the economic outlook carefully. If the economy begins to deteriorate significantly, I will consider tax reductions and temporary spending programs for job creation targeted toward particular sectors of economic stress. But I believe current economic conditions argue for restraint. I believe that this judgment and this budget recognize that equitable budget restraint is essential in our efforts to control inflation; that the unemployed should not bear the costs of our anti-inflation efforts; and most importantly, that we continue to pursue the goals of full employment, price stability, and balanced growth. The fiscal and program policies in this budget are essential, I believe, if we are to move rapidly toward these goals in the 1980's. Indeed, the restraint proposed in this budget is essential to achieve these goals. The unacceptably high inflation now prevailing is clearly due to many, deeply imbedded, long-term forces. Countering this 227 Jan. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 THE BUDGET TOTALS [In billions of dollars] 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 actual estimate estimate estimate estimate Budget receipts............. Budget outlays............. Surplus or deficit ( —)....... Budget authority..... 466 524 494 564 -28 -40 557 654 600 616 -16 691 686 +5 799 774 +25 696 775 868 inflation involves sustained action across a wide spectrum. * We must reduce our dependence upon foreign oil. * We must enhance our economy's productivity. * We must continue our efforts to foster competition and innovation through further deregulation. * We must sustain compliance with the administration's wage and price guidelines. But none of these efforts can succeed unless Federal spending is controlled. By continuing a clear and consistent policy of restraint, the 1981 budget insures that the Federal budget will not be an inflationary force in the economy. Although I have kept spending in this budget from rising in real terms, I have found it necessary to increase funds in a few critical areas. The most important of these are defense, energy, basic research, and the training and employment of our Nation's young people. Defense.-The long decline in real spending for defense that began in 1969 has been reversed. The uncertain and sometimes hostile world we live in requires that we continue to rebuild our defense forces. The United States will continue to seek peaceful means to settle international disputes. But I cannot ignore the major increases in Soviet military spending that have taken place inexorably over the past 20 years. I cannot ignore our commitment to our NATO allies for mutual real increases in our investment in national defense. I cannot ignore the implications of terrorism in Iran, or Soviet aggression in Afghanistan. Therefore, my budget proposes a defense program in 1981 of $158.2 billion in budget authority, an increase of over 5% in real terms. Outlays for defense will be $142.7 billion, a real increase of over 3%. Moreover, I am committed as a matter of fundamental policy to continued real increases in defense; and I plan increases in my defense budgets through 1985. Over the period 1981-85, I am proposing that the defense program level of the United States increase by $90 billion. Energy.-This budget reflects the important progress made by my administration toward a broad and practical program dealing with the energy problems the Nation will face in the next decade. I am confident, and the 1981 budget assumes, that early in the 1980 session the Congress will pass the crucial measures I proposed last year: the windfall profit tax, the Energy Security Corporation, the con 228 -,W Administration of jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 28 servation measures, and the Energy Mobilization Board. With this budget we will have put into place an energy program composed of the following elements: (1) Realistic pricing and fair taxes.My decontrol decision of last April is now in effect. It is painful, and no one can pretend otherwise. But we cannot have an energy program that maintains illusions. Energy is not cheap, and we must accept that fact. My windfall profit tax, to be passed early this year, retains a portion of the profits from energy price increases for the public. This will insure that increased energy prices will lead to new public investment in energy production. It will insure also that the burdens of higher energy costs are fairly shared. (2) Conservation.-The 1981 budget allocates resources for tax incentives, lowinterest subsidized loans, and other measures to stimulate more conservation. Conservation is the quickest and cheapest step we can take to confront our energy problem. (3) Production.-This budget anticipates the creation of the Energy Security Corporation to facilitate the development of synthetic fuels and a major new gasohol program. It also supports continued new investments in those energy initiatives begun in the last two budgets. We are significantly increasing our expenditures on fossil fuels, on solar energy, and on nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission research, on the other hand, declines, while greater emphasis is placed on solving the current problems of nuclear power. (4) Protection.-As we adjust to the new energy realities, we must continue to protect those who are most vulnerable. The 1981 budget continues to provide funds for the poor to weatherize their homes; funds to enable the most disadvantaged Americans to cope with the rising cost of energy; and funds for energy crisis assistance. My energy program is, of necessity, a long-term one. But if it is sustained through the new decade, we will reduce consumption, increase production from domestic sources, and promote alternate forms of energy. We will significantly reduce our dangerous reliance upon foreign oil. We will remove a major source of inflation. Our economy and our Nation will emerge from the 1980's stronger than they are now. Basic research.-In the long run, economic growth depends critically on technological development. For many years, this country has led the world in producing new technology. We are in danger of losing this leadership. The 1981 budget continues my long-standing commitment to reverse the trends of the past two decades and provide for major and sustained increases-above the rate of inflationfor research and development programs. Obligations for research and development will increase by 13% for basic research by 12%o. Since 1978, obligations for basic research will have increased by 40%. I believe that these are among the most important expenditures we can make. The payoff, particularly for basic research, is long-term, but immense. We benefit today-in new industries, in millions of jobs, in lives saved, and in lives protectedfrom the investments in science made decades ago. We must continue such investments today to reap similar returns tomorrow. Human resources.-My budget, restrained as it is, provides needed support to those Americans who are most in need. Most of the increase in the 1981 budget over 1980 is due to the automatic cost-of 229 Jan. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 living increases in entitlement programs that provide income to the poor and the elderly. I have continued and improved these programs. In addition, I have proposed discretionary increases in a wide range of programs affecting those in our society who are the most disadvantaged. The budget includes $687 million for proposals to expand health services to the poor and the underserved, including $403 million to provide medicaid eligibility for 2 million additional low-income children and approximately 100,000 pregnant women. The budget also includes a 24%o increase in subsidized housing programs and a 24% increase in elementary and secondary education programs for the disadvantaged. Overall, I am proposing an increase of $7 billion in aid to the poor to protect them against the effects of inflation. At the same time, I am proposing a major initiative that will enable our Nation's disadvantaged youth to receive a strong basic education, to find and keep a job. This is a critically important time for this initiative. In the 1980's, the number of youths entering the labor market will fall. If the young people of the 1980's are prepared, they will be able to find good jobs and build productive lives. My initiative will make this preparation possible. It will couple a strong emphasis on basic education with significant employment opportunity. For those young people who participate, the programs will be tough and challenging. But they will be extremely worthwhile. Those who complete them will have a major advantage where it counts-in the permanent job market. I consider this investment in human resources for the 1980's to be as important as the investments I am proposing for basic research. It is an investment in our most precious resource-the energies and talents of America's young people. Agriculture.-Because of the aggression by the Soviet Union against Afghanistan, I concluded that we could not now permit that country to benefit from our productive agriculture. On January 4, I announced the suspension of shipments of grain, soybeans, and their byproducts to the Soviet Union. This budget reflects the steps necessary to avoid the devastating effects such action could have had on our farmers and grain shippers. Specifically, the Secretary of Agriculture will: * purchase contracts entered into with the Soviet Union at prices at or above those prevailing on January 4; * if necessary, take title to the grain intended for export to the Soviet Union and isolate it from the market; * purchase up to 4 million metric tons of wheat for an international food aid reserve; * increase the loan level for feed grains and wheat by 10 and 15 cents per bushel, respectively; and * modify the farmer-owned grain reserve to encourage farmers to place additional grain in the reserve. On January 19, I announced, as additional steps to avoid the impact of suspension of shipments, that the Government would: * increase the 1980 and 1981 Public Law 480 programs in order to increase grain shipments abroad; and * purchase corn directly at local levels to stabilize cash markets and alleviate transportation backups. I stand ready to take further steps if these actions prove insufficient. Other commitments.-In other important areas, the 1981 budget reflects the reorganization accomplishments of the administration; continues the significant 230 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 28 progress already experienced in urban and community development; expresses my commitments to welfare reform and a national health plan, programs that will begin in future budget years; and reaffirms my dedication to improved Federal budgeting and management: The budget anticipates that my welfare reform proposals will take full effect in 1982, and my national health plan proposal in 1983. Taken together, these programs provide income support and assured health care to all Americans in need. My national health plan-which will be phased into operation prudently, consistent with the state of our economyminimizes direct governmental control over health care, restrains the growth of Government, and provides maximum individual choice. I am continuing to seek enactment of my hospital cost containment proposal, which I believe is an essential part of any national health plan. When fully enacted, these two proposals-welfare reform and the national health plan-will significantly and permanently improve the lives and prospects of all Americans. The 1981 budget includes a $15.5 billion allocation for the new Department of Education, which the Congress has approved. The establishment of this Department will require a great deal of effort in the short run, but it will give our system of education the consistent attention and high priority it deserves. This budget also continues the improvement in the budget process I promised 4 years ago. In the 1979 budget we introduced zero-base budgeting, a system we have now used in three budgets to assure the allocation of scarce public resources to the most critical areas. Last year, in the 1980 budget, we moved to multiyear budgeting. My budget again this year shows not only decisions for 1981, but the effect of those decisions-in detail-for 1982 and 1983. To the extent feasible, the multiyear budget projects also the future costs of programs such as the national health plan, welfare reform, defense, energy, and research and development. This year I have installed a central system to control the use of Federal credit. In the past, too much has escaped the normal discipline of the budget. This system, which is now in place, recommends specific credit limitations for most credit programs. The new system of credit control will permit both the administration and the Congress to improve their understanding of the credit programs, to measure their important effects, and to determine appropriate levels of credit activity. THE CREDIT BUDGET TOTALS [In billions of dollars] 1979 1980 1981 actual estimate estimate New direct loan obligations.......................... 51. 4 59. 7 60. 7 New loan guarantee commitments...................... 74. 7 75. 2 81. 4 Total...................................... 126. 1 134. 9 142. 1 231 Jan. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 This budget reflects continued efforts to improve financial management in Government and to stop illegal or improper use of taxpayers' money. We are achieving major savings from better cash management and stronger internal auditing in Federal agencies. Conclusions.-Proposing a responsible Federal budget is a fundamental task of public leadership. The budget must reconcile a broad range of legitimate claims for resources with the needs of the economy and the burdens on the taxpayer. Simultaneously, it must: * respect past commitments in its allocations to social security, to veterans, and to the elderly; * meet the needs of the present for defense, unemployment benefits, and health services; and * invest in the future through research and development, energy programs, and education. The budget must do all of these things specifically and in detail. A budget rests on specific proposals related to specific costs, not on rhetoric. A budget also rests on policy. And this budget contains important policy decisions-major departures, new initiatives, larger and longer-term commitments. Each stands on its own merit. Yet taken together all of the proposals in this budget can also be characterized in a more general way. They reflect the maturing of the administration's basic, consistent underlying policy themes: restraint in budgeting the taxpayers' dollars; the strengthening of our defense; providing energy for the future; improving opportunities for the Nation's youth; and making Government work better. Ours is a great and complex nation. The existing arrangements in our society are the result of complex, not always con sistent decisions of the past, emerging from a democratic people. Change is sometimes slow because it rests on consent. But intelligent, consistent leadership, persistently applied, can bring about change in policies and further the wellbeing of our society and of its people. I believe that this budget, and those I have submitted in the past, support the fundamental policies that will prepare America for the new decade. JIMMY CARTER January 28, 1980. NOTE: The President's message is printed in the report entitled "The Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1981" (Government Printing Office, 636 pages). National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Letter to Congressional Committee Chairmen Transmitting Reports and Proposed Legislation. January 28, 1980 Dear Mr. Chairman: Pursuant to section 105(b) of the Naval Petroleum Reserves Production Act of 1976, I am herewith transmitting a study report, with accompanying legislative recommendations, on procedures for the exploration and development of potentially significant petroleum resources of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. I am also transmitting a report by the Attorney General on the anticipated effects of the proposed legislation on competition, as required by section 106 of that Act. The study report and the legislative recommendations represent a multiagency effort led by the Department of the Interior to examine alternative resource values and land uses within the 24-million acre Reserve. Extensive participation by 232 - -~ - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 28 the State of Alaska and other interested groups was encouraged. The legislation I am transmitting provides that the Reserve be redesignated the Western Arctic Management Area and that it be managed under principles of multiple use as set forth in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976. Existing restrictions on commercial exploration and development of oil and gas resources would be lifted in favor of an environmentally responsible leasing program. Special protection of important wildlife and other natural resources will be provided in the Colville River Valley, Utokok River and Uplands, Teshekpuk Lake, and Icy Cape/Kasegaluk Lagoon areas. An initial lease sale will be held within 20 months of enactment of the proposed legislation. A more complete description of the important elements of the legislation is contained in Secretary Andrus' letter to me of January 16, 1980, which I am transmitting as an integral part of my recommendations. This proposed legislation provides a sound and sensitive balancing of energy development with conservation of wildlife and other resources. In my judgment, oil and gas exploration and production from the Reserve can be achieved most quickly and at least cost to the Nation through a Federally managed leasing program. This legislation provides the authority for such a program while retaining appropriate protection for the fragile Arctic ecosystem. I urge early congressional action on the proposal. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Henry M. Jackson, chairman of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and Morris K. Udall, chairman of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Statement on Proposed Legislation. January 28, 1980 Today I have sent the Congress legislation calling for a private oil and gas leasing program for the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. A vital element of my energy program is to accelerate domestic energy production as a means to lessen our dependence on foreign oil and increase this Nation's energy security. We must make greater use of America's abundant natural resources, including oil, if we are to succeed in our struggle to win the energy fight. To stimulate increased oil production here at home, I have already decontrolled the price of domestically produced "heavy" crude oil, implemented a phasing out of oil price controls for conventional crude oil, and stepped up the leasing schedule for oil production from the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf. The proposal sent to the Congress today will be another step in our overall plan of accelerating domestic energy production. The National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska is situated on the Arctic North Slope of Alaska and in size is larger than the combined acreage of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Delaware. My proposal will rename the Reserve the Western Arctic Management Area under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management. The area will be managed under the principles of multiple use. This region has been the site of substantial Government-sponsored oil exploration since 1923. It was in that year that President Harding first set the area aside as a Naval Petroleum Reserve and directed the U.S. Navy to explore and 233 Jan. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 manage the area. Based on the data gathered by the Navy and the Interior Department since then, the Reserve is believed to have promising oil and gas potential, with current estimates projecting an average of 7 billion barrels of oil and 14 trillion cubic feet of gas in place. It is my belief that exploration and development of these resources can be achieved most quickly and at least cost to the Government by a federally managed private leasing program. I am encouraged by the prospects that this proposal has for bringing into production badly needed domestic oil and gas. When enacted, the legislation will provide for an accelerated leasing schedule, with the first competitive bids taking place 20 months after passage of the legislation. This is the minimum amount of time required to allow for development of necessary land management plans, environmental assessments, and lease sale preparation. I am also confident that this legislation contains sufficient protection for the fragile arctic environment found there; because not only does this area of Alaska hold promise for oil development, but it possesses unique surface resources, including magnificent wildlife populations, native cultural and archeological heritage, scenic grandeur, and recreational opportunities. The land use plan which will be developed will direct special attention to these resources and will be designed especially to protect wildlife from adverse effects of exploration and drilling operations. The proposal is a well-balanced one. It will expedite oil and gas development and ensure the protection of the other natural resources of the area. It is in the interests of our Nation's security, and I urge early congressional action on this legislation. Save Your Vision Week, 1980 Proclamation 4718. January 28, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Good vision, like good health generally, contributes much to the enjoyment of life. Our ability to see affects how we learn, how we work and play, how we relate to others, and how well we are able to function in an increasingly complex society. Yet most people take good eyesight for granted. Just as we have come to recognize the need to take a more active role in maintaining the health of our bodies through diet and exercise, we should also take time to consider what can be done to take care of our eyes and to protect our vision. With proper care and attention, many of the serious eye problems that affect both young and old can be prevented. Prevention of eye disease begins even before birth with adequate nutrition and prenatal care for the mother. During early childhood and later in life, periodic eye examinations can reveal certain potentially blinding eye conditions early enough to permit successful treatment. This is particularly true in families where there is a history of glaucoma or in people who have diabetes. With professional eye care, it is even possible to restore sight to some people who are already blind or to help those with partial sight make the most of their remaining vision. In addition to obtaining professional eye care when needed, each of us must take responsibility for protecting our eyes from injury. Protective eyeglasses or safety goggles should be worn in hazardous situations at work and while participating in 234 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 28 many recreational activities. In the home, precautions should be taken to avoid injury to the eyes from household products, appliances, and cosmetics. To increase awareness of the importance of good vision and of the ways in which we can help to preserve our eyesight, the Congress, by joint resolution approved December 30, 1963 (77 Stat. 629, 36 U.S.C. 169a), has requested the President to proclaim the first week of March of each year as Save Your Vision Week. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate the week beginning March 2, 1980, as Save Your Vision Week. I urge all Americans to participate in the observance of this period by pausing to consider what they can do to take care of their eyes. I invite vision care professionals, the communications media, educators, and all public and private organizations that support sight conservation to participate in activities that will teach Americans about eye care and encourage them to take steps to preserve and make the most of their vision. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:55 p.m., January 28, 1980] Budget Deferrals and Rescissions Message to the Congress. January 28,1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, I herewith report two proposals to rescind a total of $122.2 million in budget authority previously provided by the Congress. In addition, I am reporting five new deferrals of budget authority totalling $1,028.5 million and ten revisions to previously transmitted deferrals increasing the amount deferred by $598.6 million. The rescission proposals affect programs in the Department of the Interior and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The new -deferrals and revisions to existing deferrals involve programs in the Departments of Commerce, Defense, Health, Education and Welfare, the Interior, Justice, State, Transportation, the Treasury, and the National Alcohol Fuels Commission. The details of each rescission proposal and deferral are contained in the attached reports. JIMMY CARTER The White House, January 28, 1980. NOTE: The attachments detailing the deferrals and rescissions are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of January 31, 1980. Securities and Exchange Commission Nomination of Stephen J. Friedman To Be a Member. January 28, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Stephen J. Friedman, of New York City, as a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission. He would replace Roberta Karmel, who has resigned. Friedman is a securities lawyer and has been a partner in the New York firm of 235 - Jan. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Debevois, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates since 1979. He was born March 19, 1938, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He received an A.B. from Princeton University in 1959 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1962. From 1963 to 1964, Friedman was law clerk to Justice William Brennan of the U.S. Supreme Court. From 1964 to 1965, he was Special Assistant to the Maritime Administrator at the Commerce Department. Friedman was with the firm of Debevois, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates from 1965 to 1977, and was a partner from 1971 to 1977. From 1974 to 1977, he was also a lecturer in advanced securities regulation and corporate finance at Columbia Law School. From 1977 to 1979, he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Capital Markets Policy. United States Ambassador to Hungary Nomination of Harry E. Bergold, Jr. January 29, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Harry E. Bergold, Jr., of Washington, D.C., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Hungary. He would replace Philip M. Kaiser, who is transferring to another post. Bergold has been Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs since 1977. He was born November 11, 1931, in Olean, N.Y. He received an A.B. (1953) and M.A. (1957) from Yale University. He served in the U.S. Army from 1954 to 1956. Bergold joined the Foreign Service in 1957 and served in Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, Mexico, D.F., and at the State Department. He was a political officer in Madrid from 1967 to 1972 and in Panama from 1972 to 1973. From 1973 to 1976, Bergold was detailed to the Defense Department, where he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for European and NATO Affairs, then Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs. He was detailed to the White House in 1977. International Communication Agency Nomination of Mary G. F. Bitterman To Be an Associate Director. January 29, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Mary G. F. Bitterman, of Honolulu, Hawaii, to be an Associate Director of the International Communication Agency. She would replace R. Peter Straus, resigned, and her area of responsibility would be broadcasting. Bitterman has been executive director and general manager of the Hawaii Public Broadcasting Authority since 1974. She was born May 29, 1944, in San Jose, Calif. She received a B.A. from the University of Santa Clara in 1966 and an M.A. (1968) and Ph. D. (1971) from Bryn Mawr College. From 1969 to 1971, she was a lecturer in history at the University of South Florida. From 1971 to 1972, she was a research associate in Hawaiian history and lecturer in history at the University of Hawaii. From 1972 to 1974, she was project manager for the Hawaii Environmental Simulation Laboratory at the University of Hawaii. Bitterman is chairman of the board of governors of the East-West Center, and serves on the Public Broadcasting Service 236 - --- -- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 29 (PBS) program committee, transponder allocation committee, and legislative planning committee. She is vice chairman of the board of directors of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. Patent and Trademark Office Nomination of Margaret Muth Laurence To Be an Assistant Commissioner. January 29, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Margaret Muth Laurence, of Annandale, Va., to be an Assistant Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks. She would replace Sidney Diamond. Laurence has been of counsel with the firm of Millen and White in Arlington, Va., since 1978. She was born April 30, 1916, in Evansville, Ind. She received an LL.B. from Blackistone College of Law in 1952. From 1944 to 1956, she was an associate with the law firm of Laurence, Vanderkilen & Miller (then Laurence, Woodhams & Mills). From 1956 to 1976, she practiced law with the firms of Laurence & Laurence, Laurence, Hueschen & Laurence, and Laurence, Laurence & Neilan. From 1976 to 1978, she was in private practice as a patents and trademarks attorney. Since 1974 she has been a consultant to the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. National Council on the Arts Nomination of Three Members. January 29, 1980 The President today.announced three persons whom he will nominate to be members of the National Council on the Arts for terms expiring September 3, 1980. They are: JAMES E. BARNETT, of Atlanta, Ga., vice chairman of the State of Georgia Board of Medical Assistance. Barnett is a member of the Georgia Council of the Arts and Humanities and is active in civil and cultural groups. LEONARD L. FARBER, president of Leonard L. Farber, Inc., a Fort Lauderdale, Fla., real estate firm, active in civic and community affairs. SANDRA J. HALE, of Minneapolis, an assistant professor at Metropolitan State University and a member of the Minnesota State Arts Board since 1973. Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Nomination of Two Members of the Advisory Board. January 29, 1980 The President today announced two persons whom he will nominate to be members of the Advisory Board of the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation. 'They are: CONRAD M. FREDIN, a Duluth, Minn., attorney who has been a member and president of the board of commissioners of the Seaway Port of Duluth and has also served on the Duluth City Charter Commission and Civil Service Board. FRANCIS ALBERT KORNEGAY, of Detroit, president of the Detroit Urban League and active in community affairs. California Debris Commission Nomination of Col. Paul F. Kavanaugh To Be a Member. January 29, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Paul F. Kavanaugh to be a member of the California Debris Commission. He would replace Donald O'Shei, reassigned. 237 Jan. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Kavanaugh, 45, is a U.S. Army colonel with the Corps of Engineers. He is presently assigned as district engineer for the U.S. Army Engineer District in Sacramento, Calif. National Poison Prevention Week, 1980 Proclamation 4719. January 29, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The past nineteen years have seen great progress in reducing accidental poisonings among children. Educational programs and the use of safety packaging have contributed considerably to the reduction in the number and severity of poisonings. But this progress should not occasion complacency. It is estimated that over 80,000 children under five years of age will accidentally ingest potentially poisonous substances during 1980. These accidents will occur because of the momentary carelessness of parents and guardians, and because of ignorance of poison hazards in the home. Protecting the lives and health of our children requires continued vigilance and increased efforts to educate every citizen to the dangers of accidental ingestion of drugs and common household products. By joint resolution of September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 681, 36 U.S.C. 165), Congress has requested the President to issue annually a proclamation designating the third week in March as National Poison Prevention Week. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, designate the week beginning March 16, 1980, as National Poison Prevention Week. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:55 a.m., January 30, 1980] Meeting With President Simone Veil of the European Parliament White House Statement. January 29, 1980 The President met with European Parliament President Simone Veil today. Madame Veil, who presides over the first directly elected European Parliament, is heading a 23-member delegation to the United States. Madame Veil discussed the evolution of the European Parliament (EP) and the enlarged prospects it enjoys for becoming a significant social and political force in Europe now that its members are elected by universal suffrage. She pointed to the recent EP resolution on Iran in support of international efforts to secure the release of American hostages in Tehran who continue to be held in defiance of all accepted norms of international law. In addition, she discussed the recent EP resolution which condemned Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and which urged EP member countries to reconsider the sending of their national teams to compete in the Moscow Olympics. The President stressed his admiration 238 fj~rrrr ~ -- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 for the strength and vigor with which the European Parliament is addressing major issues of the day, and he reiterated U.S. interest in maintaining close contacts with this evolving institution. In that connection, the President and Madame Veil agreed on the desirability of intensifying transatlantic cooperation in the fields of trade and energy, a development which would accord with the Parliament's growing interest in international affairs. Madame Veil expressed her personal appreciation for the forcefulness of the President's State of the Union message and felt that a great number of Europeans felt as she did. Interview With the President Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Editors and News Directors. January 29, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. First of all, let me welcome you to the White House. I know you've had a good briefing this morning and have some more scheduled for this afternoon. FISCAL YEAR 1981 BUDGET The most important thing, I think, that's happened in the last 2 days has been my submission to the Congress of a very tight budget for fiscal year 1981. This is a budget that cuts the deficit substantially, 75 percent below what it was when I was elected President. As a matter of fact, when I came into office, the deficit was about 4.6 percent of the gross national product, and the 1981 fiscal year budget has reduced that 4.6 percent down to sixtenths of 1 percent. This has been in spite of severe pres sures to continue wasteful spending in our country. As a matter of fact, the House is now considering a very wasteful, inflationary, pork-barrel water projects bill which would cost the taxpayers about $4.3 billion, and include about 125 water projects that are not needed, in my opinion, the total value of which would be about $2.5 billion. Many of these projects have not even been assessed by either the Department of Interior or by the Corps of Engineers. They've just been added in to build up a very large and wasteful bill that has projects covering about 70 percent of all the congressional districts in the Nation. This is a bill that also opens up a Pandora's box for possible wasteful spending in the future, because it includes complete Federal financing, for instance, for our local water systems. This is something that's always in the past been a responsibility of local governments with some Federal assistance. This could cost about $10 billion more in the future if it establishes a precedent. I intend to oppose these kinds of threats to our Federal budget and believe that we have an attitude in our Nation that will support my position on these restrictive spending measures. The budget does include adequate financing for defense. It includes a very fine program for energy. It includes research and development and other commitments to a long-range restoration of our economic viability. And of course, we have one major new domestic program in the youth employment bill. But I'm very insistent that this budget be protected and that pork-barrel bills and other wasteful bills, like the ones I've described to you, will not be passed. It might be better for me now to answer your questions about this or other matters, and I'll try to keep my answers 239 Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 brief so I can get as many questions as possible. QUESTIONS U.S. CARIBBEAN POLICY Q. Mr. President, Tomas Regalado, from Miami. In the Caribbean there are about 43 oil refineries and a lot of islands who are becoming independent. Now there is Cuba as a Soviet military base. Do you consider the Caribbean an area of vital interest of the United States? THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously, the Caribbean is of great interest to our country and is our closest group of neighbors. I see no military threat to the integrity of the nations in the Caribbean from an outside force and therefore don't consider it to be necessary to define it as one of vital interest where military action by our own country would be necessary to defend it. But the economic ties, the ties of mutual security, the ties of friendship, tourism, kinship by blood, with large numbers of Caribbean citizens living in our Nation, all make it a very important area to our country. But I would not want to threaten military force there. NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL Q. Mr. President, Mr. Eizenstat this morning indicated that in about 2 weeks you'll be submitting a proposal to Congress dealing with nuclear waste disposal. Could you give us any indication at this time what exactly you will be proposing? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think it would be ill-advised for me to try to spell out in detail what it will be. I have approved the basic elements of the waste disposal proposal to Congress, and now they are being put into legal format so that they can be presented officially. It will be a long-range program consisting of a careful analysis over a several year period. It would involve the approval of the waste disposal sites by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. It would involve disposal for both military-derived wastes and also those derived from the production of power. It would encompass the means of coordinating our disposal efforts not only with Federal officials but also State and local officials. It's an extremely complicated proposal that we've been working on now for almost 2 years. This comes more than 35 years after a Federal program was necessary for a nuclear waste disposal policy. And I hope that the Congress will consider it rapidly. But I think that outline is probably adequate for the present time. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Q. Last week TVA Chairman Dave Freeman urged all TVA employees, including Directors, to continue the long tradition of avoiding partisan politics. He was answered the next day by Director Bob Clement, who endorsed you. Both of them are your appointees. Do you have any comment? THE PRESIDENT. No. I think it would be ill-advised to get the TVA involved in partisan politics. It just happens that all three members now have been appointed by me. They were not chosen, as you know, on a political basis. I think they're all qualified persons. We've tried to work very closely with TVA. In fact, just recently, Doug Costle, the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, went down to meet with Dave Freeman and others to work out for the future a better means by which TVA could not only provide necessary services for an entire region of the Nation, including where I live, but also could set an example for conservation efforts and also for the honoring of requirements on the protection of the quality of air and water. 240, M Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 But I think it would be better for the TVA to avoid any involvement in partisan politics. INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES Q. In response to your State of the Union address last week, on the CIA: Do you think Congress is going to be willing to revamp their reporting roles in letting them do some work they visualize in doing? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think so. We obviously don't want to wipe out all restraints on the intelligence agencies. We want to be accountable not only to the Congress but to the American people. And obviously I have to have the ultimate responsibility for any violations of propriety that might be threatened by the intelligence agencies. But I think there has been an excessive requirement for reporting in the past. There's been an excessive requirement for the revelation of highly sensitive documents. And there's been an excessive restraint on what the CIA and other intelligence groups could do. But we'll be very cautious, as we evolve this new charter, not to permit any improprieties by the CIA in the future. The Executive order that I issued after I'd been in office for about a year or so is the basis for the kind of charter principles that we personally favor. And I will be meeting, by the way, with the Intelligence Committee members tomorrow, some of them, to iron out any remaining differences of opinion between my own administration and the Congress. But I think there's a fairly good meeting of the minds already on what originally seemed to be some very sharp divisions of opinion. U.S. POLICY IN PERSIAN GULF AREA Q. Mr. President, in view of our having drawn the line, so to speak, in the Middle East, can you reassure us, and I hope everyone in the Nation, that we do indeed have what it takes militarily to draw that line and to make it stick? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we can protect our interests there. Obviously we don't intend and never have claimed to have the ability unilaterally to defeat any threat to that region with ease. What we called for was an analysis by all those nations who are there who might be threatened. We'll cooperate with them, as they request and as they desire, to strengthen their own defense capabilities. Secondly, we'll be coordinating our efforts with nations who are not located in the region, but who are heavily dependent, even more than we are, on an uninterrupted supply of oil from that region. Third, we'll be arousing the consciousness of the other nations in the world to condemn any threat to the peace of that region. And the last thing is that we'll be increasing both our own military capability and our own military presence in the region surrounding Southwest Asia, the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. But I don't think it would be accurate for me to claim that at this time, or in the future, we expect to have enough military strength and enough military presence there to defend the region unilaterally, absent the kind of cooperation that I've described to you. Q. Mr. President, we heard Mr. Aaron prior to this meeting. He spoke of the continuing challenge in the Persian Gulf area and spoke of sacrifices that the American public is going to be called on to make in the long-term future. Can you enumerate any of those sacrifices? THE PRESIDENT. What kind of channels did you say? I couldn't quite hear you. Q. Challenge to the American people, to the United States. THE PRESIDENT. Oh, challenge. Well, I think the sacrifices have already been 241 -~-r --- —--— ~ --- —~- ------ -~~IPli~IIIYsVII ---I Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 delineated fairly well by me. It will require some commitment to an increased defense capability. It will require the Americans to help finance the kind of common effort that I just outlined in the previous question, to maintain the stability and independence of the nations there. On occasion it will require foreign aid, both of an economic and military type, if the countries involved can't finance their own legitimate needs, as judged by us, including the Congress, of course. We will have to cut down on our dependence on Mideast oil, in fact imported oil in general, and this will require what I think is a very beneficial sacrifice by the American people, both to produce more energy here at home and to cut down on the waste of energy that's presently prevailing in our country. I think the prime consideration, though, will be for the sustained commitment of the American people, in the spirit of unity of common purpose, to recognize that the peace can be maintained in the world only if we are prepared to stay strong, both here and overseas. I've been pleased at the support of our policies so far in both the Iranian and the Afghanistan crises, and I also was pleased less than a year ago when we were embarked on the second phase of trying to bring peace between Israel and Egypt. This also called upon the American people not only to go through a sensitive negotiating period with trust and confidence in me but also, at the conclusion of the signing of the Mideast peace treaty in May, a substantial increase in both economic and military aid for Israel and Egypt. I think it was an outstanding investment, compared to what may have been called for in the future had those two nations not been strong, viable, and at peace with one another. But there's a gamut of responsibilities that the American people must assume. Some require increased Federal expenditures for various kinds of aid that I've just outlined; others require just a firm, resolute will and a spirit of unity to meet a challenge with determination, and to let any potential aggressor know that that aggression will result in a very severe punitive action on our part and on the part of other nations in the world. 6-YEAR TERM OF OFFICE Q. Mr. President, given the complexity of world issues and the time that you're having to devote to them these days, have you given any thought to the possibility of a one-term, 6-year term for the Presidency as something that might be advantageous in the modern complex society, so you wouldn't have to worry aboutTHE PRESIDENT. Yes, I've thought about it more the last few months than I have before. [Laughter] As a matter of fact, I think it's accurate to say that I'm the first Democratic President in 32 years who's had to run the affairs of the Nation and at the same time run a sustained political campaign. It's an extra burden on a President that I think every President would like to avoid. But it's part of our political system, which I certainly don't want to change. I would personally favor a single 6-year term. I don't see any great pressure on the Congress or the American people to make the change, but I think it would be better. I've observed other countries that have this kind of provision in their constitution, who are democracies-for instance Venezuela, Mexico-and it seems to work very well. But I think that that would be a good move. It's not a critical need in our Nation, but it certainly would be beneficial for me right now. 242 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 CAMPAIGN TRAVEL PLANS Q. Mr. President, you seem to be doing very well just by staying home, politically speaking. Do you have any plans to go to New Hampshire or Massachusetts next month? THE PRESIDENT. I've always left that option open, depending on how much of my time is required here, and how much of a realization there needs to be sustained in our Nation that we have not forgotten the American hostages, who are still being held at this moment, illegally, by kidnapers, in an attempt to blackmail our country. This is just as much a preoccupation of mine now as it was a month ago or longer. And I have said that until this crisis is resolved I would not conduct partisan political campaign efforts. But somewhere between that, which would be like debating and going to fundraising events and so forth, and having regional news conferences or even, say, a regional townhall meeting, there's a wide range of opportunities that I would have. I don't consider myself to be confined to the White House as such, but I do think it's better for me, in a time with Afghanistan and with the hostages being held, not to go out and assume the role of a partisan political campaigner. REGISTRATION AND THE DRAFT Q. Mr. President, are you going to ask Congress to draft my daughter? THE PRESIDENT. I don't have any intention at this time to reinstitute the draft. As I said in my State of the Union message, "I believe"-I think is the words I used-"that the present volunteer force is adequate." But I think it's good for us to take precautionary steps in revitalizing the Selective Service itself and commencement of registration for the draft. Following that, if necessary, because of changing circumstances-not under existing circumstances-there would then be a classification of those registered to determine who should or who should not be called for service. And then following that, of course, if necessary, there would be an actual drafting of people for various kinds of service. But I see no need at this time to move toward an actual drafting of people. But I am going to go ahead with the registration. Q. Would you register women for it? THE PRESIDENT. Well, that's a question that I will answer within the next few days. I have my own opinion now that I'm not ready to announce. But I've been consulting with various people in the Defense Department and among my women advisers. And I'll make that recommendation when the legislative proposal goes to the Congress. U.S. FOREIGN POLICY; SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN Q. Senator Kennedy said yesterday that he is tired of seeing young men being sent to fight the wars-or whatever-for the failure of older men to enact good foreign policy. How do you feel about that? He also claimed that you knew about Afghanistan, the Russian appearance, before it actually happened-you knew about their moves beforehand. How do you answer that? THE PRESIDENT. Do I get my choice of those questions? [Laughter] I haven't sent any young men to fight. I've tried to keep our country at peace. And so far I thank God that we have not had any American service men or women give their lives in combat since I've been in office. I hope I can go out of this White House with the same record intact. But I think one of the requirements 243 Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 for that hope to be realized is to keep our Nation strong and prepared, and to let any potential threat to our Nation to be identified early, and to let our national unity and resolve be known by a potential adversary. I think, as a matter of fact, it's been 56 years or something like that since a President has served out a term in the White House that he hasn't sent young men to die in some form of combat. But we did have adequate intelligence prior to the Soviets' action in Afghanistan. We knew about the degree of their buildup. We let our deep concern be expressed directly and forcefully to the Soviet Union. We did not know ahead of time that they would have a massive invasion of Afghanistan, as they did, but we did know that they were building up a capability for it. They ignored our warning. At the time the invasion commenced we began to marshal not only our own condemnation and actions to let them realize the consequences but also to marshal the support of other nations around the world. And I think the unprecedented condemnation of the Soviet Union expressed by 104 nations in the United Nations, for instance, was a good indication that other countries also condemn the Soviet Union. We were not caught by surprise, but there was no way to anticipate that they would actually invade Afghanistan. We did know about their high presence there and also about their buildup. ECONOMIC POLICIES Q. Sir, one of the things that Senator Kennedy said last night was that this administration has continued a set of Republican economic policies. Is that in response to what you see as a more con servative mood in the country, or do you think that's inaccurate? THE PRESIDENT. My record in the last 3 years has been consistent. I think the most serious threat to our domestic strength is from inflation. One reason is that we've had outstanding luck in cutting down the unemployment rate and putting Americans to work. I could quote statistics to you, but I won't go into any detail. We have added a net of 9 million new jobs. We've increased black employment by 15 percent. We cut the unemployment rate by 25 percent. At the same time we've had inflation now for 12 years. We've tried to deal with it in varying ways. It has increased very modestly, if one could eliminate energy and food. We have seen wage demands pretty well stabilized. As a matter of fact, wage increases for 1979 were less than wage increases for 1978. I've tried to hold down the increase in spending each year and still meet the legitimate needs of our country. I think I've been successful. You might be interested in knowing that in the 1960's spending in real terms increased 3.9 percent per year. In the 1970's, before I came into office, spending in real terms each year increased an average of 3 percent. Since I've been in office, the spending in real terms has increased, I think, 1.3 percent. And for the 1981 budget that I just submitted, real spending has only increased two-tenths of 1 percent. So, we've tried to hold down unwarranted spending. But I don't think anybody could point to an element of American societal life that hasn't been adequately funded by the budgets that I have submitted. We've tried to make up for the tight spending limits by increased efficiency. And in my judgment we've been successful. 244 -- --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 Ms. BARIO. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, sir. NOTE: The interview began at 2:02 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary. The transcript of the interview was released on January 30. Economic Report of the President Annual Message to the Congress. January 30, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: Last year world oil prices more than doubled. This increase will add some $200 billion to the bill for imported oil paid by consuming nations. Higher oil prices were the major reason for the worldwide speedup in inflation during 1979 and the dimming of growth prospects for 1980. The United States was severely affected, as were other oil-importing countries. Our share of the additional oil bill will come to almost $45 billion this year. Partly, but not solely, because of higher oil prices, inflation accelerated sharply. The consumer price index rose by over 13 percent. The Nation's output of goods and services, which had been predicted in last year's Economic Report to grow by 2'/4 percent over the 4 quarters of 1979, rose by less than 1 percent. Although growth slowed, our economy offered strong resistance to the forces of recession. Despite virtually universal forecasts of imminent recession, output continued to rise throughout the second half of last year. Housing sales and construction held up better than expected until late in the year. By reducing their savings, consumers maintained spending in the face of the multibillion dollar drain of purchasing power from higher oil prices. Because business inventories have been kept remarkably lean, declines in sales did not lead to major inventory corrections. More generally, the economic recovery of recent years has been free of the distortions which, in the past, made the economy sensitive to recessionary forces. Employment growth held up even better than output, and unemployment remained under 6 percent all year. Unfortunately, the strength of employment gains reflected a sharp decline in productivity-2 percent over the year. This fall in productivity added to costs, and thus bore a share of the responsibility for higher inflation. While inflation worsened in 1979, a large part of the acceleration was concentrated in a few areas-energy; homeownership and finance; and, early in the year, farm and food products. Elsewhere consumer price inflation was more moderate, as prices rose by 7.5 percent over the year. Wage gains were no higher than in 1978, despite the speedup of inflation. The government's voluntary wage and price standards were widely observed and limited sharply the extent to which inflation spread from oil and a few other troubled sectors to the rest of the economy. THE IMPORTANCE OF REDUCING INFLATION It is my strong conviction that inflation remains the Nation's number one economic problem. Energy and housing prices are still moving up rapidly, adding directly to inflation and continuing to threaten a new price-wage spiral in the rest of the economy. Even apart from these special problem sectors, inflation is now running at an 8 to 9 percent rate, compared to 6 or 6/2 percent several years 245 Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ago, in part because of a disappointing productivity performance. Our immediate objective for 1980 must be to prevent the spread of double-digit price increases from oil and other problem sectors to the rest of the economy. My budget and economic policies have that as their primary goal. We share that same urgent goal with virtually every other oilimporting country. Halting the spread of inflation is not enough, however. We must take steps to reduce it. Each new round of inflation since the 1960s has left our country with a higher underlying inflation rate. Without longterm policies to pull down the current 8 to 9 percent rate, our Nation will remain vulnerable to still further increases. Another sharp rise in oil prices or a worldwide crop shortage could provide the next turn of the ratchet. Failure to lower inflation after the latest episode would strengthen long-run inflationary expectations and erode resistance to even larger wage and price increases. Over the longer term, we will either bring inflation down or it will assuredly get worse. A STRATEGY FOR DEALING WITH INFLATION To fight inflation I propose that we act along four lines. The first and most immediate of these is fiscal and monetary restraint: * Under the economic conditions that now confront us we must concentrate on reducing the budget deficit by holding down Federal spending and forgoing tax reductions. We cannot afford a permissive economic environment in which the oil-led inflation of 1979 gives rise to a widespread acceleration of wage and price increases in 1980 and 1981. * To reduce inflation in subsequent years, the budget will have to stay tight. That does not mean that it should fail to respond to changing economic circumstances or that taxes can never be reduced. But compared to an earlier less inflationary era the room for budgetary maneuver has appreciably narrowed. * Monetary policy will have to continue firmly in support of the same antiinflationary goals. The second line of action is restraint by the private sector in its wage and price decisions. Aided by the deliberations of the Pay and Price Advisory Committees appointed last year, we have been updating and improving the voluntary wage and price standards. As a third line of action we must pursue measures to encourage productivity growth, adapt our economy rapidly to the fact of scarcer oil supplies, and improve our competitive standing in the world economy. By dealing with these fundamental aspects of economic performance, we seek to ensure that the long-term monetary and fiscal restraints needed to curb inflation go hand-in-hand with a healthy growth in output, employment and living standards. These measures will also help us reduce inflationary pressures from the cost side. Recent history has driven home the lesson that events outside our country-such as worldwide crop shortages or sudden increases in OPEC oil prices-can have major inflationary effects on the domestic economy. The fourth line of action, therefore, must be the use of measures relating to energy and food that reduce our vulnerability to outside inflationary shocks. THE SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC OUTLOOK We face a difficult economic transition in the next year or two. According to my economic advisers, our economy is likely to undergo a mild recession early this year. Most private forecasters share this 246 ~I --- ill I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 view. Consumer purchasing power is being drained away by rising energy prices; moreover, construction of new homes may decline somewhat further because of limited supplies of mortgage credit and high mortgage interest rates. Since economic growth in recent years has been well balanced, there are no serious distortions in our economy to intensify the forces of recession. An economic downturn, if it occurs, should therefore be brief and mild. By year-end our economy should be growing again, and the pace of expansion is likely to increase in 1981. Unemployment will probably rise moderately this year. Next year a stronger pace of economic expansion will create more new jobs, and unemployment will begin to come down again. Inflation has been building in our country for a decade and a half, and it will take many years of persistent effort to bring it back down. This year energy prices will still go up faster than other prices, but less so than in 1979. Some of the other special factors that contributed to inflation last year should do so to a smaller degree, or not at all, in 1980. Enactment of the budget that I have recommended, and continued exercise of reasonable restraint by business and labor in their wage and price decisions should make it possible to lower the rate of inflation from 13 percent in 1979 to close to 10 percent in 1980, and to a range of 8 to 9 percent in 1981. But that accomplishment will still leave inflation running at an entirely unacceptable pace. We cannot, and will not, rest until reasonable price stability has been achieved. BUDGET POLICIES My budget proposals will reduce the Federal deficit by more than half to $16 billion in fiscal 1981. Accomplishing this reduction, despite the effect of slower economic growth on Federal tax revenues, has required severe restraint on Federal spending. Outlays will increase from $564 billion this year to $616 billion in fiscal 1981. Although real defense spending will rise, total Federal outlays, adjusted for inflation, will remain virtually constant. I propose to reduce inflation-adjusted spending outside of defense. My 1981 budget is based squarely on the premise that bringing an end to inflation must remain the top priority of economic policy. Not only are budget expenditures held to the minimum level consistent with urgent national needs, but tax reductions are forgone. This austere budget policy, accompanied by supportive policies of monetary restraint, is a necessary condition for controlling inflation. Citizens all across our country are facing rising tax burdens because of increased social security taxes and because inflation pushes individuals into higher income tax brackets. They want, and deserve, tax reductions when cuts can be granted within the framework of a prudent budgetary policy. Businesses need greater incentives to invest in the new and modern plant and equipment that is essential to growth in our productive capacity and to long-run improvement in economic efficiency. If we continue to keep the growth of Federal expenditures under tight rein, tax reductions will be forthcoming. But I could not and did not recommend tax relief this year. I am aware that a mild recession is widely forecast. Indeed the estimates of revenues and expenditures in my budget assume its occurrence. But forecasts are necessarily uncertain. Our economy has shown remarkable resilience to date, and there is no evidence that a recession has begun. Under those circumstances, to 247 Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 have recommended a tax reduction and a much larger budget deficit would have been a signal that we were not serious in our fight against inflation. It would have increased inflationary expectations, weakened the value of the dollar in exchange markets, and risked the translation of last year's oil-led inflation into a new and higher wage-price spiral in 1980. In recognition of these realities, my budget proposals concentrate on reducing the deficit. In this uncertain period, of course, economic policy cannot be fixed in place and then forgotten. If economic conditions and prospects should significantly worsen, I will be prepared to recommend to the Congress additional fiscal measures to support output and employment in ways and under circumstances that are consistent with a continued fight against inflation. Restraint in the 1981 budget has been accomplished while still moving forward with Federal programs and expenditures that address our Nation's critical needs. * Outlays for defense will increase by over 3 percent in real terms. Both strategic and conventional forces will be strengthened. Our commitment to our NATO allies will be met, and our ability to deploy forces rapidly anywhere in the world will be improved. Recent events in Southwest Asia have underlined the necessity for these actions. * Expenditures will be raised to expand domestic energy supplies, increase energy conservation, and provide assistance to low-income families least able to pay higher energy prices. * Support for basic research, enlarged in the past three fiscal years, will be further expanded to a total of $5.1 billion in 1981. Sustained commitment to basic research will assure continued American scientific and technical preeminence. * A major new initiative, for which $1.2 billion in new budget authority is requested, addresses the serious problem of unemployment among disadvantaged youth. These programs were made possible within the framework of a tight budget by pruning less essential programs, increasing administrative efficiencies, and reducing fraud and abuse. Legislative proposals to reduce Federal spending will save $5V2 billion in fiscal 1981 and even more in subsequent years. PAY AND PRICE STANDARDS A little more than a year ago, I asked business and labor to join with me in the fight against inflation by complying with voluntary standards for pay and prices. Cooperation with my request was extensive. Last year's acceleration of inflation did not represent a breakdown of the pay and price standards. Skyrocketing energy prices, and rising costs of home purchase and finance lay behind the substantial worsening of inflation. Declining productivity also added to business costs and prices. The pay and price standards, in fact, have served the Nation well. Although the price standards had only limited applicability to food, energy, and housing prices, in the remaining sectors of the economy, for which the standards were designed, prices accelerated little during the first year of the program. Wage increases were no larger than in 1978, even though the cost of living rose faster. Increases in energy prices did not spill over into wages and the broad range of industrial and service prices. On September 28, 1979, my Administration and leaders of the labor movement reached a National Accord. We agree that our anti-inflation policies must be both 248 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 effective and equitable, and that in fighting inflation we will not abandon our effort to pursue the goals of full employment and balanced growth. As an outgrowth of that Accord, I appointed a Pay Advisory Committee to work together with my Administration to review and make recommendations on the pay standards and how they are being carried out. A Price Advisory Committee was established to make recommendations with respect to the price standards. The most immediate problem in 1980 is to ensure that last year's sharp increase in energy prices does not result in a new spiral of price and wage increases that would worsen the underlying inflation rate for many years to come. Understandably, workers, business managers, and other groups want to make up for last year's loss of real income, and they may seek to do so by asking for larger increases in wage rates, salaries and other forms of income. Such efforts would not restore real incomes that have been reduced by rising world oil prices and declining productivity, but they would intensify inflation. Improvements in our living standards can only be achieved by making our economy more efficient and less dependent on imported oil. Voluntary standards for wages and prices, together with disciplined fiscal and monetary policies, are the key ingredients in a strategy for reducing inflation. During the years immediately ahead, monetary and fiscal policies will seek a gradual but steady lowering of inflation. By itself, restraint on borrowing and spending would mean relatively slow economic growth and somewhat higher unemployment and idle capacity. Effective standards for moderating wage and price increases will lead to greater progress in lowering inflation and thereby reduce the burden on monetary and fiscal policies and provide scope for faster economic growth and increased jobs. LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GOALS Just before my Administration took office the overall unemployment rate was still close to 8 percent. For blacks and other minorities, the rate was over 13 percent and had shown little improvement since the recovery began in early 1975. Since then increases in employment have been extraordinarily large, averaging nearly 31/2 percent per year. The gains for women were twice as large as for men. For blacks and other minority groups the percentage rise in employment was half again as large as for whites. Aided by a strongly expanded Federal jobs program for youth, employment among black and other minority teenagers grew by over 15 percent. Employment among Hispanic Americans rose by over 20 percent. Unemployment rates have come down substantially for most demographic groups. Unemployment among black teenagers, however, has not fallen significantly and remains distressingly high. To address the very serious problem of unemployment among disadvantaged youth, my Administration has substantially expanded funds for youth employment and training programs over the past 3 years. My 1981 budget includes an important new initiative to increase the skills, earning power, and employability of disadvantaged young people. In 1978 the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act was passed with the active support of my Administration. The general objectives of the act-and those of my Administration-are to achieve full employment and reasonable price stability. When I signed that act a little over a year ago, it was my hope that we could 249 Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 achieve by 1983 the interim goals it set forth: to reduce the overall unemployment rate to 4 percent and to achieve a 3 percent inflation rate. Since the end of 1978, however, huge OPEC oil price increases have made the outlook for economic growth much worse, and at the same time have sharply increased inflation. The economic policies I have recommended for the next 2 years will help the economy adjust to the impact of higher OPEC oil prices. But no policies can change the realities which those higher prices impose. I have therefore been forced to conclude that reaching the goals of a 4 percent unemployment rate and 3 percent inflation by 1983 is no longer practicable. Reduction of the unemployment rate to 4 percent by 1983, starting from the level now expected in 1981, would require an extraordinarily high economic growth rate. Efforts to stimulate the economy to achieve so high a growth rate would be counterproductive. The immediate result would be extremely strong upward pressure on wage rates, costs, and prices. This would undercut the basis for sustained economic expansion and postpone still further the date at which we could reasonably expect a return to a 4 percent unemployment rate. Reducing inflation from the 10 percent expected in 1980 to 3 percent by 1983 would be an equally unrealistic expectation. Recent experience indicates that the momentum of inflation built up over the past 15 years is extremely strong. A practical goal for reducing inflation must take this fact into account. Because of these economic realities, I have used the authority provided to me in the Humphrey-Hawkins Act to extend the timetable for achieving a 4 percent unemployment rate and 3 percent inflation. The target year for achieving 4 percent unem ployment is now 1985, a 2-year deferment. The target year for lowering inflation to 3 percent has been postponed until 3 years after that. MEASURES TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE Achieving satisfactory economic growth, reducing unemployment, and at the same time making steady progress in curbing inflation constitutes an enormous challenge to economic policy. To lower inflation, we will have to persist in the painful steps needed to restrain demand. But demand restraint alone is not enough. We must work to improve the supply side of our economy-speed its adjustment to an era of scarcer energy, increase its efficiency, improve the workings of its labor markets, and expand its capital stock. We must take measures to reduce our vulnerability to inflationary events that occur outside our own economy. Only an approach that deals with both demand and supply can enable the the Nation to combine healthy economic growth with price stability. LONG-RUN ENERGY POLICIES Over the past 3 years I have devoted a large part of my own efforts and those of my Administration toward putting in place a long-term energy policy for this Nation. With the cooperation of the Congress much has already been accomplished or stands on the threshold of final enactment. The phased decontrol of natural gas and domestic crude oil prices will provide strong, unambiguous signals encouraging energy conservation and stimulating the development of domestic energy supplies. But decontrol of oil, in the face of very high OPEC prices, inevitably generates 250 - -- - -- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 substantial windfall profits. The windfall profits tax I have proposed will capture a significant portion of these windfalls for public use. The increased Federal revenues from this tax will make it possible to cushion the poor from the effects of higher oil prices, to increase our investment in mass transit, and to support programs of accelerated replacement of oil-fired electricity generation facilities and increased residential and commercial energy conservation. I have also proposed incentives for the development of energy from solar and biomass sources, and have asked the Congress for authority to create an Energy Security Corporation to provide incentives and assistance on a business-like basis for the accelerated development of synthetic fuels. Other legislation that I have proposed, which is also now before a Conference Committee of the Congress, would create an Energy Mobilization Board to cut the red tape and speed the development of essential energy projects. I urge the Congress to take the final steps to enact the enabling legislation for my energy initiatives. These policies will sharply increase the efficiency with which our Nation uses energy and widen the range of economically feasible energy sources. In so doing, they will help make our economy less inflation-prone. They will also drastically cut our reliance on imported oil, and by making our Nation less vulnerable to sudden increases in world oil prices, reduce the probability of sudden inflationary surges. By the end of this decade, we will be well on the way to completing the transition toward the new world of scarcer oil supplies. In the interim, however, our country still remains dangerously exposed to the vagaries of the world oil market. I am pursuing measures to deal with this transitional problem. Together with other major oil-consuming countries in the International Energy Agency we are working to devise improved means of matching any future cuts in oil supplies with joint action to reduce oil demand. By avoiding a competitive scramble for scarce oil, we can reduce the chances of further large price increases. Last year I pledged that our country would never again import more oil than we did in 1977-8.5 million barrels a day. This year I am establishing a lower import target of 8.2 million barrels a day. I am prepared to reduce that target in the event that discussions within the International Energy Agency produce a fair and equitable agreement that requires still lower imports. I will impose a fee on purchases of foreign oil if they threaten to exceed the limit that I set. While international cooperation is essential, so are measures we can take on our own. In accordance with legislation enacted last year the Administration has developed a standby motor fuel rationing plan to deal with major supply interruptions, defined to be a shortfall in supply of 20 percent or more. This plan will be submitted to the Congress in February. But even smaller supply interruptions can cause severe economic problems. We are therefore considering proposals for standby measures to be applied if lesser, but still significant, disruptions occur. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) can cushion the impact of an abrupt cutoff in supplies. My budget provides funds for resuming SPR purchases this year if conditions permit. IMPROVING LABOR MARKETS The persistence of high unemployment among some groups of workers while jobs go begging and unemployment is low else 251 Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 where is not only a major social problem but a waste of national resources. The lack of skills, the imperfections of the labor market, and in some cases, the discrimination that gives rise to this situation, reduce national productivity and contribute to inflation. Although our labor market currently works quite well for most people, it does not work well for disadvantaged and minority youth. In recognition of this fact, I have recently sent to the Congress proposals designed to deal with teenage unemployment. The goals of my proposals are: * to teach basic skills in the secondary schools to those youths who did not master them in elementary school and who need special help; * to provide part-time employment and training to dropouts if they participate in long-term training to develop skills that will improve their prospects; and * to provide intensive long-term training aimed at helping older youths out of school find jobs in the private sector. The funds will go largely to poor rural areas and central cities, where youth unemployment is particularly high because of inadequate education, and where local resources are insufficient to rectify the problem. Another segment of the labor force needing special assistance is the working poor. The welfare reforms which I have sent to the Congress will provide training, help in seeking jobs, and work opportunities for poor but employable persons. REFORMING REGULATION Regulation has joined taxation, defense, and the provision of social services as one of the principal activities of the government. Unneeded regulations, or necessary regulations that impose undue burdens, lower efficiency and raise costs. For the past 3 years I have vigorously promoted a basic approach to regulatory reform: unnecessary regulation, however rooted in tradition, should be dismantled and the role of competition expanded; necessary regulation should promote its social objectives at minimum cost. Working with the Congress we have deregulated the airline industry. We are now cooperating with congressional committees to complete work on fair and effective legislation that eliminates costly elements of regulation in the trucking, railroad, communications, and financial industries. Within the executive branch, we are improving the quality and lowering the cost of regulations. The Regulatory Council, which I established a year ago, is helping us comprehend the full scope of Federal regulatory activities and how these activities, taken together, affect individual industries and sectors. A number of regulatory agencies are experimenting with new regulatory techniques that promise to achieve regulatory goals at substantially lower costs. INCREASING INVESTMENT AND ENCOURAGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT We do not know all of the causes of the slowdown in productivity growth that has characterized our economy in recent years. But we do know that investment and research and development will have to play an important role in reversing the trend. To meet the Nation's sharply increased requirement for investment in energy production and conservation, to fulfill its commitment to cleaner air and water and improved health and safety in the work 252 - -- -~ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 30 place, and at the same time to provide more and better tools for a growing American work force, our Nation in the coming decade will have to increase the share of its resources devoted to capital investment. We took one step in this direction in the Revenue Act of 1978, which provided a larger than normal share of tax reduction for investment incentives. Passage of my pending energy legislation will make available major new incentives and financial assistance for investment in the production and conservation of energy. When economic conditions become appropriate for further tax reduction, I believe we must direct an important part of any tax cut to the provision of further incentives for capital investment generally. One of the most important factors in assuring strong productivity growth is a continuing flow of new ideas from industry. This flow depends in the first instance on a strong base of scientific knowledge. The most important source of such knowledge is basic research, the bulk of which is federally funded. Between 1968 and 1975 Federal spending for basic research, measured in constant dollars, actually fell. But since that latter year, and especially during the years of my Administration, Federal support for basic research has increased sharply. In spite of the generally tight economic situation, the 1981 budget I am submitting to the Congress calls for yet another substantial increase in real Federal support for basic research. Even during a period of economic difficulties, we cannot afford to cut back on the basis for our future prosperity. AGRICULTURE Because the worldwide demand for food has grown substantially, overproduction is no longer the primary problem in agriculture. Government policies now seek to encourage full production, while cushioning the American economy and the American farmer from the sharp swings in prices and incomes to which the farm sector is often subject. Over the past several years my Administration has created a system of farmer-owned grain reserves to supplement the loan and targetprice approach to farm income stabilization. In periods of low prices and plentiful supplies, incentives are provided to place grain in the reserves, thereby helping to support farm income. The incentives also work to hold the grain in reserve until prices rise significantly, at which time the grain begins to move out into the market, helping to avoid or to moderate the inflationary consequences of a poor crop. Over this last year, the reserve has been tested twice. When fears of poor world harvests threatened to drive grain prices to extraordinarily high levels last spring and summer, farmers sold grain from the reserve, limiting the price rise. Since I suspended grain shipments to the Soviet Union this month in response to that country's brutal invasion of Afghanistan, increased incentives to place grain in reserve have been serving as one of our main defenses to protect farmers from precipitous declines in prices. THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY Other countries besides our own suffered important setbacks in 1979 from the dramatic increase in oil prices. Growth prospects worsened, inflation increased, and balance of payments deficits rose. In such difficult times economic cooperation between nations is especially important. Joint action among oil-consuming countries is needed to reduce the pressure of demand on supply and to restore order in 253 Jan. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980 world petroleum markets. Cooperation is necessary to protect international financial markets against potential disruptions arising from the need to finance massively increased payments for oil. And cooperation is also necessary to prevent a destructive round of protectionism. Because the dollar is the major international store of value and medium of exchange, the stability of international financial markets is closely linked to the dollar's strength. The actions taken in November 1978 by the United States and our allies to strengthen and stabilize the dollar worked well during the past year. That the dollar did well despite accelerating domestic inflation is due in part to a significant improvement in our current account balance during 1979. U.S. exports grew rapidly and thus helped to offset rising payments for oil. During the autumn of 1979, however, the dollar. came under downward pressure. The October actions of the Federal Reserve Board to change the techniques of monetary policy helped moderate inflationary expectations which had been partly responsible for the pressure on the dollar. As a Nation we must recognize the importance of a stable dollar, not just to the United States but to the world economy as a whole, and accept our responsibility to pursue policies that contribute to this stability. The Multilateral Trade Negotiations of tile Tokyo Round were successfully completed and became law in the United States during 1979. These trade agreements are a major achievement for the international economy. By lowering tariff barriers both in the United States and abroad, they will help increase our exports and provide Americans with access to foreign goods at lower prices. Perhaps more important, these agreements will limit restrictive and unfair trade practices and provide clearer remedies where there is abuse. They cannot, by themselves, assure smooth resolution of all trade issues. Indeed, the real test will come as we begin to carry them out. Nevertheless the agreements reached last year do represent a clear commitment to the preservation and enhancement of all open system of world trade. CONCLUSION The 1970s were a decade of economic turmoil. World oil prices rose more than tenfold, helping to set off two major bouts of inflation and the worst recession in 40 years. The international monetary system had to make a difficult transition from fixed to floating exchange rates. In agriculture a chronic situation of oversupply changed to one which alternates between periods of short and ample supplies. It was an inflationary decade. It brought increased uncertainty into business and consumer plans for the future. We are now making the adjustment to the realities of the economic world that the 1970s brought into being. It is in many ways a more difficult world than the one that preceded it. Yet the problems it poses are not insuperable. There are no economic miracles waiting to be performed. But with patience and self-discipline, combined with some ingenuity and care, we can deal successfully with the new world. The 1980s can be a decade of lessened inflation and healthy growth. JIM MY CARTER January 30, 1980. NOTE: The President's message is printed in the report entitled "Economic Report of the President, Transmitted to the Congress, January 1980-Together With the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers" (Government Printing Office, 329 pages). 254 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 31 Department of Commerce Nomination of Herta Lande Seidman To Be Assistant Secretary for Trade Development. January 30, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Herta Lande Seidman, of New York City, to be Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Development, a new position. Seidman has been deputy commissioner of the New York State department of commerce since 1977. She was born June 6, 1939, in Cernauti, Romania, and became a U.S. citizen in 1962. She received a B.A. from the University of Miami in 1959 and an M.A. from Cornell University in 1960. From 1961 to 1964, Seidman was assistant to the president of Ledel, Inc., a petrochemical exporting firm. From 1964 to 1977, she was a consultant with Herta Lande Enterprises, an international project development firm. Seidman is on the Executive Committee and chairs the Export Promotion Subcommittee of the President's Export Council. She is vice chairman of the Governor's Council on International Business. Return of Six Americans From Iran Remarks by Telephone With Prime Minister Joe Clark of Canada. January 31, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Hello? Is the Prime Minister there? Okay, fine. He's not on yet. Sorry, maybe tomorrow. [Laughter] He's out traveling through Canada somewhere. They [the reporters] can stay in, Rex;' it's okay. I think Signal's about got him on the phone. REPORTER. There is a little story in the paper. today that you've decided to include women in the draft registration. THE PRESIDENT. I'm not going to have a press conference. [Laughter] Q. No confirmation? THE PRESIDENT. No. The Prime Minister and I have had a series of secret messages back and forth. But I wanted to thank him and the Canadian people personally for what they've done for us. Q. Can you tell us more about the messages? THE PRESIDENT. Well, we've been communicating regularly ever since the first part of November, sometimes by telephone, mostly through diplomatic channels, but quite often directly through personal messages. The Canadians have been extremely helpful and courageous, in my opinion, personally and politically, including the Prime Minister, Joe Clark, and also Ambassador Taylor and the other Embassy officials there. It's a wonderful example of friendship and cooperation and common ideals that we share with the Canadians. [At this point, the President's conversation with the Prime Minister began. The White House transcript does not include the Prime Minister's remarks.] Mr. Prime Minister, good morning to you. Where are you? [The Prime Minister responded.] Well, I know. I called-as you know, we've had a series of communications back and forth privately, sometimes almost in verbal code, on the telephone and other1 Rex Granum, Deputy Press Secretary to the President. 255 Jan. 31 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 wise-but I wanted to call, now that our six Americans are back in this country and safe, publicly and on behalf of all the American people, Joe, to thank you and Ambassador Taylor and the Canadian Government and people for a tremendous exhibition of friendship and support and, I think, personal and political courage. You've probably seen the outpouring of appreciation that has come from the American people on their own volition. And it's typical of the way we all feel. I might point out that the congressional parliamentarians tell me that the action taken by our Congress yesterday toward the Canadian Government is the first time in the history of our Nation that the Congress has ever expressed its thanks personally to another government for an act of friendship and heroism. And I just wanted to relay that historical note to you as well. [The Prime Minister responded.] Well, I thank you. I don't believe that the revelation of their departure will be damaging to the well-being of our other hostages. You're nice and very perceptive to express that concern. I think it was a remarkable demonstration of mutual trust that the fact of the existence of those Americans was kept confidential so long, and the fact that it was not revealed publicly until after they'd already left is very good. But Joe, good luck to you. And I hope that you'll not only send a copy of my letter to Ambassador Taylor but also publicly express to the people of Canada my deep appreciation, both to you, to Ambassador Taylor, to all of the Embassy officials, and indeed to your whole country. We are deeply grateful for this, a new demonstration of the closeness that is very beneficial to us. [The Prime Minister responded.] Same to you, Joe. Have a good 1980. Goodby. [To the reporters] Well, he's very nice. He expressed his hope that the revelation of their departure was not in any way going to endanger our own hostages still being held, and pointed out accurately that they've been very supportive of us from the very beginning of the Iranian crisis. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:30 a.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. On February 1, the President met in the Oval Office with the six U.S. Embassy personnel following their arrival in Washington, D.C., and an appearance at the Department of State. Mr. and Mrs. Mark J. Lijek, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph D. Stafford, Robert G. Anders, and Henry Lee Schatz had taken refuge in Canadian residences in Tehran after the U.S. Embassy was occupied on November 4, 1979. Canadian Ambassador to Iran Kenneth Taylor and members of his staff helped them escape from Iran. Assistance for Afghan Refugees in Pakistan Announcement of U.S. Measures. January 31, 1980 President Carter announced today that the United States is making a new pledge of $5.3 million for immediate assistance to the growing number of Afghan refugees fleeing into Pakistan because of Soviet aggression in Afghanistan. This latest U.S. contribution consists of $5 million in emergency refugee funds for the Afghan relief program of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and $300,000 in grant aid for voluntary agency efforts. The $5 million contribution to the UNHCR will include an immediate cash contribution of $3 million, plus the ship 256 ~~;-~~~ ----~~ ---- ---- —~-~I I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jan. 31 ment of $2 million more in relief supplies. As a first step the United States is shipping more than 40,000 heavy blankets to Pakistan. The cost, including air freight, is more than $500,000. This new U.S. pledge is in response to the worldwide appeal issued by the UNHCR for a total of $55 million ($25 million in food and'$30 million in cash) to help care for a projected refugee population of 500,000 over the next year-a number which may well increase as more Afghan people flee their occupied land. The United States has already made an initial contribution to the UNHCR, through the U.N. World Food program, of more than 17,000 metric tons of food commodities, largely wheat, valued at $6.1 million. In addition, the United States will allocate a minimum of $10 million from the pending supplemental appropriation for P.L. 480 (Food for Peace), on which the President hopes the Congress will shortly complete action. Together, these will provide more than $16 million for more than 50,000 tons of food, including wheat, vegetable oil, and dried milk. With today's new pledge, the U.S. contribution will total more than $21 million, nearly 40 percent of the U.N. appeal. We are considering still other humanitarian steps we can take to help UNHCR and the Government of Pakistan care for these unfortunate Afghan people who have been forced to flee their homes and now suffer from cold and hunger because of the brutal Soviet invasion and occupation of their homeland. More help is needed, and we call on all other humanitarian-minded countries to join this effort. The President's Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, Victor H. Palmieri, also announced today that he is sending his deputy, Frank E. Loy, and two staff mem bers of a factfinding mission to Pakistan for a firsthand look at relief operations. Dr. Marie Griffin of the Center for Disease Control will accompany them to survey the medical needs of the refugees. Loy and his delegation will report their findings to President Carter and Secretary of State Vance on their return in 2 weeks. Chinese New Year, 1980 Statement by the President. January 31, 1980 Rosalynn and I send warmest New Year greetings to Americans of Chinese ancestry who celebrate the coming of lunar year 4678. Tradition has it, I am told, that the Year of the Monkey is often associated with financial adroitness and skill. At a time when we are facing some of our most challenging problems in this area, I hope this bodes well for our efforts to control inflation and achieve economic stability and growth. I hope it also portends prosperity and success for each of you who, individually and as an important ethnic group, contribute so much to our Nation's vitality and strength. We wish you and your families good health, happiness, and full enjoyment of the fruits of your hard work. National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children Appointment of Six Members. January 31, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of six persons as members of the National Advisory Council on the 257 Jan. 31 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Education of Disadvantaged Children. They are: ANNETTE DROZ FUENTES, of Queens, N.Y., a classroom teacher at Community School 211 in the Bronx and an expert in bilingual education; CLEO HOLT, a Title I reading teacher at Hall Elementary School in Mt. Vernon, Ill., and director of a Title VII program providing programmatic support for the district's desegregation plan; AKI KUROSE, a kindergarten teacher at Laurelhurst School, Seattle, Wash., and a former Head Start teacher and multi-ethnic curriculum specialist for the Seattle school district; WINIFRED MCPHEDRAN, of Readfield, Maine, health education coordinator for a locally controlled health education in five elementary schools and a junior/senior high school, sponsored by the University of Maine; RICHARD D. ST. GERMAINE, tribal chairman of the Lac Court Oreilles Tribe, Hayward, Wis., and former superintendent of schools for the tribe's department of education; LUCILLE L. SANTOS, deputy assistant superintendent of the San Antonio (Texas) Independent School District, who was for 18 years a teacher and administrator in the Edgewood Independent School District. Meeting With Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser of Australia Statement by the White House Press Secretary. January 31, 1980 The President and the Prime Minister's discussion focused primarily upon the dangerous situation that has arisen as a result of Soviet aggression in Afghanistan, its potential impact on other countries in Southwest Asia, and the implications that it has for independent governments everywhere, whether large or small. There will be further discussions at the official level as a result of the subjects covered by the two leaders. I might say that the discussions ranged over a fairly wide area, including the Third World, obviously the Indian Ocean and Southwest Asia, the ASEAN nations, energy-those were the primary areas. I think I can say-as Prime Minister Fraser, I believe, has already indicated-that the United States and Australia have a very similar view of the gravity of the situation in Southwest Asia and of the steps which need to be taken to deal with it. The President told the Prime Minister at the beginning of the meeting that it was-this is a quote-"reassuring to have friends like you in a time of trial and testing." The President also complimented the Prime Minister upon the role of Australia in helping to bring about the Lancaster House discussions which resulted in the agreements in Rhodesia. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at approximately 5:15 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. On the same day, the White House released the following list of the persons attending the meeting. THE PRESIDENT SECRETARY OF STATE CYRUS VANCE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE GRAHAM CLAYTOR DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS DAVID AARON ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE RICHARD HOLBROOKE U.S. AMBASSADOR TO AUSTRALIA PHILIP ALSTON DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE EVELYN CORBERT DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE NICHOLAS PLATT DONALD GREGG, NSC STAFF MEMBER PRIME MINISTER MALCOLM FRASER MINISTER OF HEALTH AND MINISTER ASSISTING THE PRIME MINISTER MICHAEL MACKELLAR AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED STATES SIR NICHOLAS PARKINGTON SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PRIME MINISTER AND CABINET SIR GEOFFREY YEEND SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS PETER HENDERSON 258 — ap-I(I - r I ~ s —, --- ONAW Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. I CHIEF OF THE DEFENSE FORCE STAFF ADMIRAL SIR ANTHONY SYNOOT SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS WILLIAM PRITCHETT DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NATIONAL ASSESSMENT ROBERT FURLONGER DEPUTY SECRETARY OF TRADE AND RESOURCES LINDSAY DUTHIE EXECUTIVE OFFICER TO THE PRIME MINISTER MICHAEL COOK National Conference on Physical Fitness and Sports for All Remarks at the Opening Session of the Conference. February 1, 1980 Coach McGuire, Governor Apodaca, Secretary Hufstedler, President Kane, Surgeon General Richmond, Dr. Lamb, Casey Conrad, members of the Council on Physical Fitness, and friends: I appreciated the-well, I think I appreciated the introduction. [Laughter] As a matter of fact, I do much better running uphill than is generally known. I was trying, in this upcoming competitive Olympic year, to give Bill Rodgers and Frank Shorter a little more confidence[laughter]-that they wouldn't have any opposition from the White House or competition in the Olympics. This is a time of determination, a time of sober assessment, a time of excitement, a time of challenge. I changed my prepared remarks at the last minute, because I wanted to say a few things that I think are important to the American people and particularly to you. I'd like to begin by paying a special tribute to a group that deserves the praise and support of all Americans, the United States Olympic Committee. Recently, I declared on behalf of the American people that unless the Soviet forces are withdrawn from Afghanistan, that the 1980 Olympic games should be moved from Moscow, canceled, or postponed. Both Houses of the Congress, I think speaking accurately for the American people, have concurred strongly in that judgment. And last weekend, the United States Olympic Committee voted, I believe unanimously, to support the strong national sentiment on this issue. It was not an easy decision for me, nor for the Congress, nor for the U.S. Olympic Committee. Their decision was difficult, and it was a courageous action which deserves our praise and our support. The committee stood up for freedom.. It stood up for the right that is fundamental to all people and to all nationsthe right to live in peace. I know the strong commitment of the entire United States and of the Olympic Committee to the interests of America's athletes and to the interests of America served by our superb athletes. I recognize their strong commitment to the value of international competition and to the ideal of the Olympic games themselves. I share those ideals and goals, and I'm determined that everything I do will help to perpetuate the holding of the Olympic games and the honoring of the athletes and the ideals associated with the games. This morning I would like to reaffirm my own personal commitment to the principles and purposes of the Olympic movement: to help to build a better and a more peaceful world, to create international good will, to promote the development of those moral qualities which are the bases of sports. Last weekend the U.S. Olympic Committee voted to protect these noble ideals from desecration. It reaffirmed the principles that the Olympics should not become some meaningless or even hypocritical spectacle, but athletic competition as a genuine expression of international friendship and peace. 259 Feb. 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Some have said, many have said, that we should not allow politics to interfere with Olympic competition. I agree completely. But the issue now before our country and the world is not a question of politics by any reasonable definition of that word. We are not talking here about who should lead a nation. We are not talking about the internal governmental organization of a nation. We are not talking about the internal policies which a nation should follow within its own boundaries, or even what kind of political or economic system a nation might choose for itself. We are not even talking about whether a government, such as that of the Soviet Union, is repressive or not, or even-and this is difficult to saywhether it denies its people fundamental human rights, as we define them. It is not politics when one nation sends 100,000 of its heavily armed troops across a border and subjugates its peaceloving, deeply religious neighbor. It is not politics when one nation invades this nation's capital, installs a puppet regime, and participates in the assassination or death of the leaders which it does not like, including the families of those leaders. It's not politics when an army of invaders sweeps the countryside, as is presently taking place, killing those who dare to stand in its way. It's aggression, pure and simple. And I'm determined that the United States will make clear to the Soviet Union, just as other countries are doing, that no country can trample the life and liberty of another and expect to conduct business or sports as usual with the rest of the world. We must send that message clearly to the Soviet Government and to its leaders, and let the people of the Soviet Union understand this basic principle involved. It's indeed unfortunate that this horrible event has taken place. My hope and my belief is that the world will learn a lesson. And in a strange, unpredictable fashion, the adherence to athletic principles and the principles of the Olympic games might serve as a lever, now and in the future, to help to preserve peace and to prevent unwarranted aggression and the stamping upon the lives and the human rights of innocent people. All Americans look upon our Olympians as representing our Nation's highest ideals. I want them all to know, and I want athletes from all around the world to know that I'm determined personally that they will have an opportunity to participate this year in international games of the highest quality, but, unless invading forces in Afghanistan are withdrawn, in a location other than the Soviet Union. I also want to make it clear that I welcome athletes from all over the world who are now coming to Lake Placid, including those from the Soviet Union, to participate in the winter Olympic games. This morning, after this very sober and carefully worded analysis, I want to say a few words about an equally important but, thank goodness, less controversial subject, and that is our commitment to encourage greater physical fitness and greater participation in sports by all Americans. As pnany of you know, and as Coach McGuire mentioned, I maintain, myself, a strenuous exercise program of my own. I've done this all my life. It's part of my own existence and part of the enjoyment of that existence. I've done this to an even greater degree during the last few months, when I've had additional problems and burdens and responsibilities on my shoulders above those normally borne by an American President. Along with tennis and softball and swimming and bowling and hiking and cross-country skiing, I do jog regularly, almost every day, along with my wife. Like a lot of runners, as Coach McGuire 260 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 1 has pointed out, I have good days and I have bad days. [Laughter] And it's not always possible to predict which days might be good and which days might be bad. It's a lot like politics in that respect. [Laughter] But I can say with the utmost truthfulness that very often my running, either within the White House grounds or out alongside the canal on the towpath, is the high point of my day, and I admit that that might say less about the joys of running than it does about the absence of joy in political duties. [Laughter] But I consider organized physical fitness and the programs associated with them to be the best possible investment in American health. Everything we do to make Americans more physically fit pays off handsomely. As Dr. Richmond well knows and as every person in our country well knows, it cuts medical bills, it helps our people to live longer, and it adds to the quality of each day of life we live. A lot of people are finding this out now for themselves who didn't before. Over the past 15 years the number of people who are exercising regularly has doubled. At the same time, our national life expectancy has increased. We've seen a 1 -percent-per-year drop in the incidence of fatal heart disease. That says something about the success of the Council on Physical Fitness these past two decades. But we still have a long way to go. Despite the increased popularity of exercise, still half of all adult Americans still exercise little, if at all. And others don't exercise regularly enough or vigorously enough to keep fit. Many more, as you well know, eat too much or eat the wrong kinds of food. Too many young people still take up cigarette smoking, which is a lot harder to quit than it is to start. As a matter of fact, our big challenge and our biggest opportunity lies with America's children. In spite of the growing interest in soccer, for instance, a relatively new sport for most of us and one which is sweeping the grammar schools and high schools of our country and adding a new dimension to a highly competitive and very fine and enjoyable sport, we have to face the hard fact that scores on the national youth fitness test have not improved at all in 15 years. Obviously most American children are not getting as involved as they should in physical fitness. It's vital that we encourage all our children, as athletes, as Presidents, as coaches, as teachers, as news media representatives, as parents, to participate in sports and athletics, particularly those who are not gifted athletes, to start early and to develop good physical fitness habits. Today I'm directing Governor Apodaca and the President's Council on Physical Fitness to do several things that might enhance the results that we've already achieved with this great program to take a number of steps to upgrade our Nation's physical fitness program: first of all, to work with the States, with individual Governors, to establish a Governor's council on physical fitness and sports in all of the 50 States; secondly, to work with schools to establish daily physical education at all grade levels, to remind those who administer the school programs about the advantages of this programthis should include opportunities for those with physical handicaps; to urge all employers, through personal messages from me, Governor Apodaca, and hopefully all of you, to make facilities available for employee fitness programs, to encourage all Federal departments and agencies to support physical fitness programs, and that would include our military services as well. Not too long ago I was in Mexico City on an official visit with the President of 261 Feb. 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mexico, and we were using, as a running program every morning before daybreak, a military base where the Mexican equestrian team trains. And I ran with the generals and others there, each morning, for 5 miles. And they told me that every Mexican soldier runs, with full combat equipment, 10 kilometers every day. I presumed that was an accurate report, and when I asked the President of Mexico, he confirmed it. We don't have nearly that standard of physical demand on the Armed Forces of our country, and I'll talk to Harold Brown and others about increasing that effort. Governor Apodaca knows that I'm very eager to give him all the backing he needs in carrying out these steps and particularly in the Federal Government. I'd like to close my comments with a special word to those Americans who have devoted their lives as amateur athletes and as professional athletes and coaches to the pursuit of physical fitness and athletic excellence. You all have made great sacrifices. Your families, coaches have made sacrifices as well. You've been an inspiration, though, to all Americans, not just to those who try to imitate your great achievements but to all Americans who value the Olympic ideals of peace and brotherhood, who value true determination, and who value human commitment and human courage. Speaking on behalf of America, I thank you from the bottom of my heart, all of you. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:25 a.m. in the Regency Ballroom at the Shoreham Americana Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to Alfred J. McGuire, former coach at Marquette University and master of ceremonies for the opening session, Robert Kane, president of the U.S. Olympic Committee, Dr. Lawrence Lamb, syndicated columnist, and Jerry Apodaca, Chairman, and C. Carson Conrad, executive director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, which sponsored the conference. Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership Executive Order 12190. February 1, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution of the United States of America and in order to implement Section 7(j) (3) (A) of the Small Business Act (92 Stat. 1765, 15 U.S.C. 636(j) (3) (A)), which directs the creation of an advisory committee for certain purposes, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-1. Establishment of Committee. 1-101. There is established an Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership composed of five highlevel officers from five United States businesses and five representatives of minority small businesses. 1-102. The President shall appoint the members of the Committee and designate a Chairman from among its members. 1-103. In selecting the members, the President shall give due consideration to the particular skills desirable to accomplish the purpose and functions of the Committee. 1-2. Functions of the Committee. 1-201. (a) The Committee shall assist in monitoring and encouraging the placement of subcontracts by the private sector with eligible small businesses, particularly with small minority businesses, and shall study and propose the incentives and assistance needed by the private sector to 262 ii"~v-.-" -- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 1 help in the training, development, and upgrading of such businesses. (b) Eligible small businesses are those located in areas of high concentration of unemployed or low-income individuals, businesses owned by low-income individuals, and those businesses eligible for assistance under Section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a), 92 Stat. 1761). 1-202. The Committee shall make periodic reports and recommendations to the President through the Administrator of the Small Business Administration and shall offer such other advice and at such times as the President through the Administrator may request. 1-203. The Committee, through its Chairman, shall report annually to the President and to the Congress on the activities of the Committee during the preceding calendar year. 1-3. Administrative Provisions. 1-301. The Committee may request any Executive agency to furnish such information as may be useful in fulfilling the Committee's functions. Each such agency is authorized, to the extent permitted by law, to furnish such information to the Committee. 1-302. Each member of the Committee who is not otherwise employed by the Federal Government shall receive no compensation from the United States by virtue of their service on the Committee, but all members may receive transportation and travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5702 and 5703. 1-303. All necessary administrative staff services, support, facilities, and expenses of the Committee shall, to the extent permitted by law, be furnished by the Small Business Administration. 1-4. General Provisions. 1-401. The functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I), except that of reporting annually to the Congress, which are applicable to the Committee, shall be performed by the Administrator of the Small Business Administration in accordance with guidelines and procedures established by the Administrator of General Services. 1-402. The Committee shall terminate on December 31, 1980. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 1, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:33 p.m., February 1, 1980] President's Commission for a National Agenda for the Eighties Appointment of 29 Members. February 1, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of 29 persons as members of the President's Commission for a National Agenda for the Eighties. They are: ROBERT S. BENSON, author of "Counterbudget," national priorities expert; CHARLES BISHOP, president, University of Arkansas; GWENDOLYN BROOKS, poet; J. FRED BUCY, JR., president, Texas Instruments; JOAN GANZ COONEY, Children's Television Workshop; DANIEL EVANS, president, Evergreen College; FRANCES FITZGERALD, author; HERMAN GALLEGOS, chairman, Human Resources Corp.; DONALD GEVIRTZ, financier, Los Angeles, Calif.; C. JACKSON GRAYSON, director, American Productivity Center; WILLIAM HEWITT, chairman, John Deere Co.; 263 Feb. 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 BENJAMIN HOOKS, chairman, NAACP; THOMAS JORLING, professor of environmental science, Williams College; RHODA KARPATKIN, president, Consumers Union; THEODORE MARMOR, Yale Institute for Social Policy Studies; MARTIN MARTY, University of Chicago Divinity School; WILLIAM MILLER, partner, Steptoe & Johnson; ALAN MORRISON, director, Public Citizen Litigation Group; ROGER NOLL, professor of economics, California Institute of Technology; EDMUND PELLEGRINO, president, Catholic University; TOMAS RIVERA, chancellor, University of California (Riverside); PAUL ROGERS, former U.S. Representative (D-Fla.); CARL SAGAN, astronomer, Cornell University; HOWARD SAMUELS, Howard Samuels Enterprises; BEVERLY SILLS, director, New York City Opera; LEWIS THOMAS, chairman, Sloan-Kettering Institute; FOY VALENTINE, executive director, Christian Life Committee, Southern Baptist Convention; MARINA v.N. WHITMAN, vice president, General Motors Corp.; ADDIE WYATT, international vice president, Packinghouse Workers. The Commission will have a staff of about 25 people. They will be jointly directed by Richard A. Wegman, staff director, Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, and Claude Barfield, former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research and Demonstration, Department of Housing and Urban Development. National Council on the Humanities Nomination of Marian B. Javits To Be a Member. February 1, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Marian B. Javits, of New York City, to be a member of the National Council on the Humanities for a term expiring January 26, 1982. Javits is a consultant on the arts who designs business and production environments. She is a member of the Visual Arts Panel of the National Endowment for the Arts and is president of a company that offers limited print editions of the works of leading American painters. She worked actively for creation of the National Foundation for the Arts along with her husband, then-Representative Jacob K. Javits. United States-Switzerland Agreement on Social Security Message to the Congress Transmitting the Agreement. February 1, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: Pursuant to section 233(e) (1) of the Social Security Act as amended by the Social Security Amendments of 1977 (P.L. 95-216, 42 U.S.C. 1305 note), I transmit herewith the Agreement between the United States of America and the Swiss Confederation on Social Security, signed on July 18, 1979, the Final Protocol to the 1979 Agreement, also signed on July 18, 1979, and the Administrative Agreement for the Implementation of the 1979 Agreement, signed on December 20, 1979. These U.S.-Swiss agreements are similar in objective to the U.S.-Italian social security agreements that I transmitted to the Congress on February 28, 1978, and to the U.S.-West Germany social security agreements that I transmitted to Congress on February 28, 1979. These bilateral agreements, which are generally known as totalization agreements, provide for limited coordination between the United States and foreign social security systems 264 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 1 to overcome the problems created by gaps in protection and by dual coverage and taxation. I also transmit for the information of the Congress a comprehensive report prepared by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, which explains the provisions of the Agreements and provides data on the number of persons affected by the Agreements and on their effect on social security financing, as required by the same provision of the Social Security Amendments of 1977. The Department of State and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare join in commending this Agreement, Protocol, and Administrative Agreement. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 1, 1980. Sugars, Sirups, and Molasses Imports Proclamation 4720. February 1, 1980 MODIFICATION OF TARIFFS ON CERTAIN SUGARS, SIRUPS, AND MOLASSES By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation 1. Headnote 2 of Subpart A of Part 10 of Schedule 1 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, hereinafter referred to as the "TSUS", provides, in relevant part, as follows: "(i)... if the President finds that a particular rate not lower than such January 1, 1968, rate, limited by a particular quota, may be established for any articles provided for in item 155.20 or 155.30, which will give due consideration to the interests in the United States sugar market of domestic producers and materially affected contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, he shall proclaim such particular rate and such quota limitation,..." "(ii)... any rate and quota limitation so established shall be modified if the President finds and proclaims that such modification is required or appropriate to give effect to the above consideration;..." 2. I find that the modifications hereinafter proclaimed of the rates of duty applicable to items 155.20 and 155.30 of the TSUS give due consideration to the interests in the United States sugar market of domestic producers and materially affected contracting parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes, including section 201 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, and pursuant to General Headnote 4 and Headnote 2 of Subpart A of Part 10 of Schedule 1 of the TSUS, do hereby proclaim until otherwise superseded by law: A. The rates of duty in rate columns 1 and 2 for items 155.20 and 155.30 of Subpart A of Part 10 of Schedule 1 of the TSUS are modified and the following rates are established: Rates of duty I 155.20 0.6625~ per lb. less 0.009375~ per lb. for each degree under 100 degrees (and fractions of a degree in proportion) but not less than 0.428125~ per lb. 155.30 Dutiable on total sugar at the rate per lb. applicable under Item 155.20 to sugar testing 100 degrees. 2 1.9875~ per lb. less 0.028125~ per lb. for each degree under 100 degrees (and fractions of a degree in proportion) but not less than 1.284375~ per lb. Dutiable on total sugars at the rate per lb. applicable under Item 155.20 to sugar testing 100 degrees. 265 Feb. 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 B. Those parts of Proclamation 4334 of November 16, 1974, Proclamation 4463 of September 21, 1976, Proclamation 4466 of October 4, 1976, and Proclamation 4539 of November 11, 1977, which are inconsistent with the provisions of paragraph (A) above are hereby terminated. C. The provisions of this Proclamation shall apply to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on and after the date of this Proclamation. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Inde. pendence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:32 p.m., February 1, 1980] United States-International Atomic Energy Agency Cooperation Agreement Message to the Congress Transmitting an Amendment. February 1, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit to the Congress, pursuant to section 123d of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153), as amended, the text of the proposed amendment to the Agreement for Cooperation Between the United States of America and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The proposed amendment is accompanied by these items: -My written determination, approval and authorization concerning the Agreement; -The memorandum of the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency with the Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement concerning the amendment; -The joint memorandum submitted to me by the Secretaries of State and Energy, which includes a summary of the provisions of the amendment; and -The views of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The United States began negotiating for the proposed amendment in late 1977. This was done in anticipation of the passage of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, which calls upon me to renegotiate existing agreements for peaceful nuclear cooperation so as to bring them into line with the Act's provisions. In my judgment the United States-IAEA agreement will meet all statutory requirements once this amendment is added. The IAEA is a key element in the framework of international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and I am pleased to forward an amendment designed to strengthen our cooperation with the Agency. The proposed amendment will, in my view, further the nonproliferation and other foreign policy interests of the United States. I have considered the views and recommendations of the interested agencies in reviewing the proposed amendment and have determined that its performance will promote, and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to, the common defense and security. Accordingly, I have approved the agreement and authorized its execution, and I urge that the Congress give it favorable consideration. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 1, 1980. 266 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. January 27 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. January 28 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -actress Sophia Loren, national chairperson, and Speaker of the House of Representatives Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., national vice co-chairperson, National Alliance for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Maltreatment; -officials of the Salvation Army, to receive the organization's annual report; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale. The White House released manifests listing passengers who have flown on White House authorized military aircraft from July 1 through December 31, 1979. The lists were sent to Representative Jack Brooks, chairman of the House Committee on Government Operations, and were also made available for inspection by the press. January 29 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -W. Averell Harriman; -Mr. Moore; -Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski. The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 and 1979 annual reports of the National Advisory Council on Adult Education. The White House announced that, at the direction of the President, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and Warren Christopher, Deputy Secretary of State, will visit Islamabad February 2 and 3 to exchange views with Pakistani leaders on the new situation in the region and to lay the groundwork for a strengthening of our relationship. David McGiffert, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, will join these discussions. After their talks in Islamabad, Dr. Brzezinski and Mr. Christopher will stop in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 4 for discussions with the Saudi authorities. January 30 The President met at the White House with: -David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs; -Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Patricia R. Harris, Secretary of Agriculture Bob Bergland, Secretary of Commerce Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary of Energy Charles W. Duncan, Jr., Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Jack H. Watson, Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Charles L. Schultze, Chair 267 so ~ ~IIIIY~ — -* ~ ~ --- _~I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 man of the Council of Economic Advisers, and Alonzo L. McDonald, Assistant to the President, to discuss domestic policy; -Senator Walter D. Huddleston, chairman of the Charters and Guidelines Subcommittee of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, and members of the subcommittee; -Mr. Moore; -representatives of women's organizations. The White House announced that Vice President Mondale will represent the President at the opening ceremonies of the XIII Olympic Winter Games at Lake Placid, N.Y., on February 13. January 31 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -a group of Republican congressional leaders; -Mr. Moore. In a ceremony in the Oval Office, the President received diplomatic credentials from Ambassadors Simon Sabimbona of Burundi and Herbert Richard Wright Brewer of Liberia. February 1 The President met at the White House with: -Mr. Aaron; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Mr. Jordan, and Mr. Aaron; -Mr. Moore; -Rev. Bernard Fell, chairman of the Lake Placid Olympic Organizing Committee; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget; -officials and players of the National Basketball Association. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Wisconsin in the East Room at the White House. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted January 28, 1980 JOHN H. DALTON, of Virginia, to be a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 1982, vice Anita Miller, resigned. Submitted January 29, 1980 HARRY E. BERGOLD, JR., of Florida, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Hungary. MARY G. F. BITTERMAN, of Hawaii, to be an Associate Director of the International Communication Agency, vice R. Peter Straus, resigned. Submitted January 30, 1980 MARGARET MUTH LAURENCE, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, vice Sidney A. Diamond, elevated. COL. PAUL FREDERICK KAVANAUGH, 003-26 -7792, Corps of Engineers, to be a member of the California Debris Commission, under the provisions of Section 1 of an Act of Congress approved 1 March 1893 (27 Stat. 507) (33 U.S.C. 661). The following-named persons to be members of the National Council on the Arts for the remainder of the terms expiring September 3, 1980: JAMES E. BARNETT, of Georgia, vice Thomas Schippers, resigned. LEONARD L. FARBER, of Florida, vice Jerome Robbins, resigned. SANDRA J. HALE, of Minnesota, vice Angus Bowmer, deceased. 268 - — ~ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted January 30-Continued The following-named persons to be members of the Advisory Board of the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation: CONRAD M. FREDIN, of Minnesota, vice William W. Knight, Jr., resigned. FRANCIS ALBERT KORNEGAY, of Michigan, vice Miles F. McKee, resigned. RAYMOND L. ACOSTA, of Puerto Rico, to be United States Attorney for the District of Puerto Rico for the term of 4 years, vice Julio Morales Sanchez, resigned. JOHN SAUL EDWARDS, of Virginia, to be United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia for the term of 4 years, vice Paul R. Thomson, Jr., resigned. JAMES R. LAFFOON, of California, to be United States Marshal for the Southern District of California for the term of 4 years (reappointment). JOHN W. SPURRIER, of Maryland, to be United States Marshal for the District of Maryland for the term of 4 years (reappointment). Submitted February 1, 1980 MARIAN B. JAVITS, of New York, to be a member of the National Council on the Humanities for the remainder of the term expiring January 26, 1982, vice Eugene Smith Pulliam, resigned. The following-named persons to be members of the Board of the Panama Canal Commission (new positions): MICHAEL BLUMENFELD, Assistant Secretary of the Army, of the District of Columbia. JOHN ALDEN BUSHNELL, of Connecticut. JOHN W. CLARK, of Louisiana. CLIFFORD BRADLEY O'HARA, of Connecticut. WILLIAM SIDELL, of California. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released January 28, 1980 Fact sheet: ocean margin drilling program Fact sheet: oil and gas development program for the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska Released January 29, 1980 Announcement: nomination of John Saul Edwards to be United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia Announcement: nomination of Raymond L. Acosta to be United States Attorney for the District of Puerto Rico Announcement: nomination of John W. Spurrier to be United States Marshal for the District of Maryland Announcement: nomination of James R. Laffoon to be United States Marshal for the Southern District of California Released January 30, 1980 News conference: on the President's Economic Report-by Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved January 28, 1980 H.J. Res. 478 --- —----- Public Law 96-188 A joint resolution to extend by sixty days the expiration date of the Defense Production Act of 1950. 269,i.......... —;..lllmr~ — uaic~-^ ---~-,,.rrur —rrrri-aururul Week Ending Friday, February 8, 1980 Federal Facility Ridesharing Program Executive Order 12191. February 1, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, and in order to increase ridesharing as a means to conserve petroleum, reduce congestion, improve air quality, and provide an economical way for Federal employees to commute to work, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-1. Responsibilities of Executive Agencies 1-101. Executive agencies shall promote the use of ridesharing (carpools, vanpools, privately leased buses, public transportation, and other multi-occupancy modes of travel) by personnel working at Federal facilities. Agency actions pursuant to this Order shall be consistent with Circular A-118 issued by the Office of Management and Budget. 1-102. Agencies shall establish an annual ridesharing goal tailored to each facility, and expressed as a percentage of fulltime personnel working at that facility who use ridesharing in the commute between home and work. Agencies that share facilities or that are within easy walking distance of one another should coordinate their efforts to develop and implement ridesharing opportunities. 1-103. Agencies shall designate, in accordance with OMB Circular A-1 18, an employee transportation coordinator. Agencies that share facilities may designate a single transportation coordinator. The coordinator shall assist employees in forming carpools or vanpools (employeeowned or leased) and facilitate employee participation in ridesharing matching programs. The coordinator shall publicize within the facility the availability of public transportation. The coordinator shall also communicate employee needs for new or improved transportation service to the appropriate local public transit authorities or other organizations furnishing multi-passenger modes of travel. 1-104. Agencies shall report to the Administrator of General Services, hereinafter referred to as the Administrator, the goals established, the means developed to achieve those goals, and the progress achieved. These reports shall be in such form and frequency as the Administrator may require. 1-2. Responsibilities of the Administrator of General Services 1-201. The Administrator shall issue such regulations as are necessary to implement this Order. 1-202. The Administrator may exempt small, remotely located Federal facilities from the requirements of Sections 1-102, 1-103, and 1-104 on his own initiative or upon request of the agency. An exemption shall be granted in whole or in part when, in the judgment of the Administrator, the requirements of those Sections would not yield significant ridesharing benefits. 271 Feb. 4 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 1-203. The Administrator shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, periodically provide agencies with guidelines, instructions, and other practical aids for establishing, implementing, and improving their ridesharing programs. 1-204. The Administrator shall assist in coordinating the ridesharing activities of the agencies with the efforts of the Department of Energy, under the Federal Energy Management Program and in the development of an emergency energy conservation plan for the Federal government. 1-205. The Administrator shall take into consideration the advice of the Environmental Protection Agency under the Clean Air Act, as amended, in performing his responsibilities under this Order. 1-206. The Administrator shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, report annually to the President on the performance of the agencies in implementing the policies and actions contained in this Order. The report shall include (a) an assessment of each agency's performance, including the reasonableness of its goals and the adequacy of its effort, (b) a comparison of private sector and State and local government ridesharing efforts with those of the Federal government, and (c) recommendations for additional actions necessary to remove barriers or to provide additional incentives to encourage more ridesharing by personnel at Federal facilities. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 1, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:45 p.m., February 4, 1980] NOTE: The text of the Executive order was released on February 4. President's Commission on Executive Exchange Appointment of Four Members. February 4, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of four persons as members of the President's Commission on Executive Exchange for 2-year terms. They are: JOAN D. MANLEY, group vice president of Time Inc. for books and chairman of the board of Time-Life Books; DWIGHT W. MIZE, of Dallas, Tex., chief executive officer of the Mize Companies, a member of the Small Business Administration Advisory Council, the National Association of Home Builders, and the United Indian Development Association; JULIA M. WALSH, chairman of Julia M. Walsh & Sons, a Washington, D.C., investment firm, a former governor and exchange official of the American Stock Exchange; EMILY H. WOMACH, chair of the board and president of the Women's National Bank of Washington, D.C., the first federally chartered women's bank in the Nation. She is a former vice president of the Farmers Bank of the State of Delaware and has also served as treasurer of the State of Delaware. Board of Foreign Scholarships Appointment of Four Members. February 4, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of four persons as members of the Board of Foreign' Scholarships for terms expiring September 22, 1982. They are: LIA TRIFF BELLI, of San Francisco, who is active in civic and community affairs; BEVERLY MAY CARL, a professor at Southern Methodist University Law School, who was formerly with the Agency for International Development and the Commerce Department; 272 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 5 KENNETH F. C. CHAR. of Honolulu, director and vice chairman of Aloha Airlines and active in community affairs in Honolulu; SAMUEL R. SPENCER, JR., president of Davidson College, Davidson, N.C. John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Appointment of Two Members of the Advisory Committee on the Arts. February 4, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of two persons as members of the Advisory Committee on the Arts, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. They are: Elizabeth W. Evans, of Juneau, Alaska, a concert pianist in piano-violin concerts throughout southeastern Alaska sponsored by the Alaska State Arts Council. She is active in promoting the music program of the University of Alaska in Juneau, in helping outlying communities obtain the services of a qualified piano technician, and in coordinating concerts featuring Alaskan performers and international artists. Maureen McIntyre, of Clifton, Va., who is active in Washington, D.C., civic activities such as the International Neighbors Club and previously practiced veterinary medicine in Atlanta, Ga. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations Appointment of Mary Eleanor Wall as a Member. February 4, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Mary Eleanor Wall, of Elmhurst, Ill., as a member of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. Wall is a member of the DuPage County Board and DuPage County Forest Preserve Commission. She is chairperson of the DuPage County Regional Planning Commission and also serves on the DuPage Community Development Commission. She is also Illinois State president of the American Association of University Women. National Inventors' Day, 1980 Proclamation 4721. February 5, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Section 8 of Article I of our Constitution provides that the Congress shall have the power "to promote the progress of science and useful arts" by giving inventors, for a limited time, the exclusive right to their discoveries. The First Congress enacted legislation to this end, which, when signed by President George Washington on April 10, 1790, became the first United States patent law. The patent incentive has prompted thousands of individuals to create, perfect, and bring to the marketplace inventions that have contributed to our health and welfare and to the productivity of our labor. A recent review of the status of domestic industrial innovation, conducted at my request, confirms the vital role the patent system plays in the advancement of American technology. February 11 is an especially significant date in the history of American invention 273 Feb. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 because it marks the birth of Thomas Alva Edison, who, among other things, perfected and patented the first practical incandescent lamp. His ingenuity changed the lives of people in America and all over the world. In honor of the critical role played by inventors in promoting progress, and in recognition of their contributions to the welfare of this Nation, I have designated February 11, 1980, as "National Inventors' Day." Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby call upon and urge the people of the United States to honor all inventors by joining me in observing February 11, 1980, National Inventors' Day, with appropriate ceremonies and activities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:48 p.m., February 5, 1980] National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. February 5, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with Title VI, Section 605 of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as amended by P.L. 89-794, I am transmitting herewith the Eleventh Annual Report to the Congress of the National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity. This Report reflects the Council's views in its role in examining programs authorized by the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, and their impact in alleviating certain problems confronting low-income people. While those views are not entirely consistent with this Administration's policies, we shall consider them in the future. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 5, 1980. NOTE: The report is entitled "National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity, Eleventh Report-June 1979" (Government Printing Office, 119 pages). Federal Energy Conservation Programs Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. February 5, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I transmit to the Congress the annual report to be submitted under section 381 (c) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 42 U.S.C. 6361 (c) (1970). This report covers the implementing activities undertaken during 1978 by Federal agencies. It includes actions to establish mandatory policies and standards with respect to energy conservation and efficiency for Federal procurement activities along with progress towards developing a 10-year plan for energy conservation in Federally-owned or leased buildings. It also describes programs for carrying out a responsible public education program to encourage energy conservation and efficiency and to promote vanpooling and carpooling arrangements. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 5, 1980. NOTE: The report is entitled "Annual Report to Congress, Federal Energy Conservation Programs, Pursuant to Section 381 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (Public Law 94-165)-February 21, 1979." 274 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 7 Water Projects Legislation White House Statement on House of Representatives Approval of the Legislation. February 5, 1980 The President is extremely disappointed that the House of Representatives today has voted to pass H.R. 4788, the Water Resources Development Act of 1979. This bill is a clear example of both unwise fiscal policy and unsound water policy. Today's action by the House continues the long-established tradition of authorizing water projects that are unstudied, that benefit only special interests at the expense of the American taxpayer, and that move the Federal Government into an increasingly larger role in State and local decisionmaking. The President recognizes that the country does have pressing water resources problems that must be addressed. The bill passed today contains some projects that are in the Nation's interest and that the President supports. Unfortunately, H.R. 4788 overwhelmingly obscures these projects by prematurely authorizing others that are still under study and by including a host of additional items that depart from established Federal policy. The President asks the Senate to correct these problems by adopting a bill in accord with sound water policy. National Prayer Breakfast Remarks at the Annual Breakfast. February 7, 1980 During these trying times, when I meet individual Americans or even visitors from a foreign land, I quite often have expressions of sympathy and condolence and encouragement because of the responsibilities that fall on a President. But perhaps the most urgently needed expression of condolence is for a President who has to follow, at the National Prayer Breakfast, people like Guy and Mark Hatfield and Max Cleland and Jim Wright. [Laughter] And as you well know, I need your prayers this morning for many reasons. I was pleased with the program. As Mark pointed out it's nondenominational and nonpartisan, well balanced-I notice that almost half of those on the program did not come from Georgia. [Laughter] And I want to thank Mark for arranging a program so well balanced as that. This morning I want to talk for a few minutes about growth-growth in our lives as we develop and growth in our spiritual lives as we develop. All of us start out with a sole preoccupation, as an infant and then as a developing human being, with one person, ourselves; later our mothers; then our families; and as we grow, our school classmates and the community and perhaps the district or State or Nation. And as we go through these phases of our life's evolution we become more and more aware of others. It's a difficult transformation, each time, because as we think more and more about others, the relative preoccupation with ourselves becomes less and less if we grow. It's difficult to stretch our minds and our hearts and not become atrophied or pleased with our present position in life, pride, self-contained pleasure. The recognition of achievement as measured in human terms of riches or wealth are constant temptations for us all. It's not easy to overcome those temptations in our public lives, as Members of Congress or as members of a Cabinet or great distinguished judges or even a President, because the higher position we occupy in a human measured life, the more the temptations of self-satisfaction and pride press on us. 275 Feb. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I tried to think of an illustration from my own family to prove a point. I remember my mother's letter to us one time from India. When she was 68 years old she joined the Peace Corps and went to India. She's a registered nurse, and she went there with a heart full of commitment and as a very benevolent person in her own character, but still it was a shock to her to observe the living conditions around the little community where she served. She worked in a doctor's office, and one day she had her first experience with leprosy. A father came in carrying a little girl about 8 years old, I think, in his arms, and the doctor told Mother, his aide, to give the little girl an injection and to begin medical treatments. Mother was filled with a sense of horror and alienation and repulsion, because she, like all of us, had learned from our earlier stages in life about the terrible consequences of contact with leprosy. She finally forced herself to give that child an injection. And then a few minutes later went to the doctor and claimed to be ill, then went home and spent literally several hours washing herself. As time went on, she continued the treatment and began to see that person not as a horrible example of a physical illness, but as a human being. And the girl began to get better. After a few weeks she was partially cured. It takes a long time. And one day the little girl came in, looked at Mother as a friend. Mother stretched out her arms. The little girl leaped to Mother's arms, and Mother kissed her on the mouth. And it was a good while later that she even realized what she had done. Her heart had been stretched and her mind had been stretched, because she forgot about herself. She learned in the process, and even at the age of almost 70, she was still growing, and she still is. It's hard to overcome those separations of phases of life and those separations that separate us one from another. A human being alone finds this to be almost an insurmountable obstacle. There are no laws written by a Congress or signed by a President that can deal with an event in a life similar to the one I've just described, and there are literally millions of those events that impress upon all of us the necessity for change. But God's laws, the basis of our own human laws, have no difficulty at all in describing a path for human or spiritual growth. To learn about another who's different or considered inferior is a difficult thing indeed. It's always easier to isolate ourselves to enjoy the blessings that God has given us, everyone in this room, without bound, and to forget about the need to reach out to others. When we are confronted with a requirement to change there's always an inclination not to do so. And when there is a division between us, sometimes we even use that division to build up in ourselves a hatred or an animosity against the person who's different as a justification or a rationalization of our own selfish, exclusive attitude toward others. We went through a phase in this country, particularly in the South, of separation between blacks and whites in a nation, under God, committed to equality of opportunity. And it was not easy for me or for others, black or white, to make that change. It was so much easier, at that time, to stay aloof from one another. But the pressures of change were finally accommodated, and now we all thank God that that difficult transformation was made. But we can't look upon that as a single, isolated, unique experience in a national or human growth process. Those challenges still press themselves upon us. Without God, they're almost impossible. With God, the difficulties fade away. With God, we could realize the universality of 276 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 7 a desire for peace. People want peace, pray for peace, hunger for peace, not just the absence of war but peace of mind, reassurance, a time for self-contemplation, a time for self-analysis, a time for growth. Peace doesn't automatically come with religion. As Guy pointed out a few minutes ago, the root of many of the world's most horrible conflicts or wars or death or destruction or hatred come from the misapplication of religious beliefs and teachings-the selfish, autocratic claim: "I am right, others are wrong." We also learned about the universality of God's truth. Who knows what truth is? Someone living in a rain forest would say it is truth that the Earth is wet. Someone living in a desert would say it is the truth that the Earth is dry. Someone living on the Equator would say it's the truth that the Earth is hot. Those who live in the Arctic would say it is true that the Earth is cold. And each one would be so convinced with all that tangible evidence available to them, that they were telling the truth. Sometimes we close out conflicting views that might give us better understanding of the truth because we want to know what's best for us. And of course, the universality of God's love. Not love for ourselves, not love for our mothers, our families, our communities, our districts, our State, not even love for our own Nation is adequate. There must be a love based on a genuine concern for others. One of the most difficult things for us to do is to pray for those who hate us, who despitefully use us, who persecute us. The Bible says even the worst sinners love and pray for their friends, the ones who love them. And sometimes we don't go that one more step forward in growth, not on a single cataclysmic, transforming experience, but daily, and count those against whom we are alienated. At least every day, list them by name, and say, "God, I pray for that person or those people." Every day, I pray for the Ayatollah Khomeini. Every day I pray for the kidnapers who hold our innocent Americans. And every day, of course, I pray for those who are held hostages as innocents. It's not easy to do this, and I have to force myself sometimes to include someone on my list, because I don't want to acknowledge that that person might be worthy of my love. And the most difficult thing of all, I think, is to go one step even further than that and thank God for our own difficulties, our own disappointments, our own failures, our own challenges, our own tests. But this is what I would like to leave with you. To set a time in each day to list all of the things that you consider to be most difficult, most embarrassing, the worst challenge to your own happiness, and not only ask God to alleviate it but preferably thank God for it. It might sound strange, but I guarantee you it works. And you might say, "Why in the world should I ask God for thanks-give thanks, for something that seems to me so bad or so damaging?" Well, growth in a person's life, growth for a nation, growth spiritually, all depend on our relationship with God. And the basis for that growth is an understanding of God's purpose, and a sharing of difficult responsibilities with God through prayer. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:59 a.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to Representative Guy Vander Jagt of Michigan, Senator Mark O. Hatfield of Oregon, Max Cleland, Administrator of Veterans Affairs, and Representative Jim Wright of Texas. The breakfast is sponsored by the United States Senate and House prayer breakfast groups. 277 — ` - --- -— ~~~IU-p-~ --- —~l.l. Feb. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Consumer Federation of America Remarks at the Federation's Annual Conference. February 7, 1980 Someone told me earlier that you were going to have roses, so I feel at home. [Laughter] Distinguished consumer leaders of our great country, once again, I am pleased to meet with you. This federation has a proud history, as a voice for consumers and also as an incubator of great ideas. As a matter of fact, the concept for a coop bank originated right here with you, and now as you know, the co-op bank is about ready to open for business. That's just the most recent of many examples of what you have achieved in practical terms. From the very beginning, you have fought for the common good of the American people. And within our system of government, that's also the responsibility of the President, who alone has as his constituency all the people of our country, and also, who alone must assess the complex issues and the conflicts that exist in the resolution of differences, both on the national scene and in the international world. I take that responsibility very seriously, and especially now. Mutual trust among Americans based on fairness and equity is never more needed than in a time of crisis when national solidarity is so important. As you know, we are faced now with extremely difficult and complex problems both here and around the world. Our domestic and our foreign concerns are more closely interrelated now, perhaps than ever before in history. And the hard truth is that there are no easy or simple answers to any of these problems or any of these questions. But as you well know, there are answers. The Soviet military aggression in Af ghanistan is a serious threat to peace and has drawn the condemnation of the entire world. We must be sure that the Soviet Union understands the depth of universal concern and universal outrage. In my State of the Union speech, I described the consequences of a threat to our own vital interests in the Persian Gulf region. As long as Soviet invading forces are in Afghanistan, we will continue our own forceful actions. Normal commerce has been interrupted. There will be no high-technology equipment sold to the Soviet Union. I will not issue permits for Soviet fishermen in U.S. waters. And neither the American people nor I will support the sending of our athletes to the Olympic games in Moscow as long as the invading forces stay in Afghanistan. Americans want peace. And when we act calmly, firmly, and with strength, and when we describe clearly the advantages of peace and the absence of aggression, then we reduce the risk of war. The holding of our hostages has shocked and outraged every American, and now we are doing everything through private diplomacy, through every avenue, to protect America's interest, to uphold the principles of our Nation, and to secure the safety and the release of our people with the opportunity of bringing them home, where they are loved and where they are not forgotten. In Iran, in Asia and elsewhere throughout the world, the United States is meeting its international challenges with restraint and with resolve, and Americans have exhibited a remarkable degree of national unity and common purpose. As President, I need your help, and I need your understanding, and I need your support. We must defend our interests at home as well as abroad. Above all, that means cutting out our excessive dependence on foreign oil, which makes our Na 278 + Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 7 tion so vulnerable now and in the future. There are only two things that we can do. One is to conserve energy, and the other one is to produce more American energy. These two are also closely interrelated, one with another. We must face facts. We have no choice but to make a painful adjustment to rapidly increasing worldwide energy prices. We cannot afford to mislead ourselves. Subsidizing oil prices to keep them artificially low can only harm both the efforts that I just described: conservation-because people are inclined to use too much oil when the price is held below what it ought to be, and it obstructs the production of American energy if artificially cheap oil is available in preference to solar energy or other competitive energies which give us opportunities for the future. After 3 years of some of the toughest legislative battles ever seen on Capitol Hill, we are on the verge of enacting a comprehensive energy policy for our country that will improve the way we conserve energy and preserve and improve the way that we produce energy. Congressional leaders have acted responsibly under very difficult circumstances in getting this program through the House and through the Senate. But the conference committees, particularly those on the energy security corporation and energy mobilization board, are another story. We expected them to act last year. Now it's February, and the conferees are still bogged down in bickering and delay. Apparently they do not share the sense of urgency that is felt by the American people on this crucial question of an energy policy. Our national security, the quality of our lives, national unity, common understanding, fairness and equity depend upon the rapid completion of this energy policy without further delay in the Con gress. And then we'll have an energy program that will help us to cut down waste, produce American coal, crude oil, natural gas, synthetics, will help us to shift to solar and other replenishable forms of energy, and will also help us at the same time to protect the quality of our environment. We must never forget that conservation is the cheapest and the cleanest source of energy. When we insulate a home, when we ride in an efficient vehicle, when we share a ride with a fellow worker, we not only spend less for fuel, we also breathe cleaner air, and we do something concrete for the future of our country. It does require some sacrifice, but it is actually a better way to live. Throughout the world these days, there are, and must be in the future, sacrifices. But in our country we-you and I-must see that sacrifices are shared again with equity and with fairness. That's why we have fought to get more than $10 billion set aside in the next 5 years to help lowincome consumers pay the inevitably increasing prices of energy and to weatherize their homes and to have a chance to benefit from the improved ways of addressing the energy problem. That's why I will be fighting for the passage of a standby gasoline rationing plan to be imposed in our country if we should have a severe energy shortage. And that's why I fought so hard for a strong windfall profits tax, so that oil companies can share their portion of these burdens. Yesterday, the windfall profits tax conference committee made good progress, after a long delay, and I'm convinced that very soon now the Congress will act favorably upon this major proposal. You also know that the skyrocketing prices of energy, everywhere on Earth, is the biggest cause of inflation. And infla 279 Feb. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tion continues to be the number one threat to consumers. As President, I must tell the truth about inflation. The inflation we face now took 15 years to build up. It's a worldwide problem. In the nations, some of whom are our close allies, the inflation rate is now above 100 percent per year. The battle to reduce inflation will be long and hard, and there will be no easy victories. Inflation cannot be vanquished without effort and sacrifice. It cannot be abolished by decree or by law or by creating a gigantic new Federal bureaucracy. There are no simple solutions, no magic wands that we can wave and expect inflation to go away. In the short term, our most urgent task is to prevent the OPEC price increases from being embedded permanently in the wage-price structure of our Nation's economy. We also share a deep moral obligation and commitment to see that the burdens of inflation do not fall disproportionately on the poor and the weak and the inarticulate. Beyond that, we must face the fundamental causes of inflation. This means more saving, more investments, more basic research, more competition, more technological innovation to give us a more productive America. It also means budget restraint, always with a sensitivity to human needs. It means that we cannot do everything we would like to do. It means hard choices, and those of us who are leaders must be ready and able and have the courage to make those hard choices. If we are to control inflation, we simply cannot afford the wanton waste of the taxpayers' money. The water projects bill which just passed the House is shot through with textbook examples of that wanton waste of American taxpayers' money. I'd like to quote for you from what a great American once said: "The days of porkbarrel legislation are over. Every dollar of our expenditures for port facilities, for inland waterways, for flood control, for the reclamation of swamp and arid lands, for highways, for public buildings, shall be expended only by trained men in accordance with a continuing plan." The author of that statement was Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It was made in 1920, when he made an acceptance of the nomination as a Democratic candidate for Vice President. I'm sure he was bitterly disappointed when he got to the White House and began to deal with the American Congress-[laughter]-because here we are 60 years later, and the porkbarrel express is still rolling along. Unless we derail it, it will roll right over our budget and it will flatten our anti-inflation efforts. I've been fighting this battle with the help of many of you for 3 years. I have vetoed a similar bill already. I believe in a sound water projects program, and I've submitted such a program to Congress. It would spend precious tax dollars, in FDR's words, "in accordance with a continuing plan," but the House bill is part of no rational plan. Some $2.5 billion, more than [half] 1 the total amount authorized by this bill, would be almost pure waste-projects that are still being studied, projects that have never been studied, projects that have been thoroughly studied and found to be unsound. In addition, this bill would commit us to new Federal spending programs that would amount to tens of billions of dollars in the years ahead. Waste creates inflation. The water resources bill, as passed by the House, is a bad bill. It's a wasteful bill. It's an inflationary bill. And with 1 White House correction. 280 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 7 your help and support, I do not intend to allow that bill to become law. You and I share the responsibility also of making the government work, competently and compassionately, for consumers, for workers, for a competitive free enterprise system, for the environment, even in a time of economic and political adversity, which we face right now. Part of our success has been a direct result of the people that we have been able to bring into government. You in the consumer movement have lent me some of your best advocates to serve American consumers in the top positions in government. I'm particularly proud of people like Joan Claybrook, Susan King, and Mike Pertschuk, and Father Geno Baroni, and Sam Brown, Graciela Olivarez, and of course, your own former executive secretary, Carol Foreman. There are many others, but I want to say a special word about one of them, Esther Peterson, my Special Assistant. She's my Special Assistant for Consumer Affairs. I love her. I guess we all do. But she is more than lovable; she is also very effective. She has more courage and understanding and experience in fighting for consumers than anyone I know, and I'm very proud to be her friend and her coworker. Sometimes I don't know who gives the orders, but I know I always carry out what she decides. As she points out to me, a key to making government work is direct citizen participation. I recently signed a consumers' protection Executive order, drafted by Esther Peterson, to ensure that consumer voices will be heard in a loud and clear form in every major agency of the Federal Government. Government agencies will seek new ways to involve citizens in their decisions. My regulatory reform bill will extend public participation fund ing throughout the entire Federal Government. Together, sometimes over tremendous difficulty, we are opening the doors, and it's up to you to enter and to bring other Americans through those doors. I promised to reform government regulation everywhere I could. My goals for regulatory reform are very clear. Where regulation is unnecessary, where it stifles competition, regulation should be eliminated. Often traditional regulation of industries such as airlines and trucking just protects cartels, little OPEC's, that keep prices high by keeping competition out. Airline deregulation revolutionized air transportation and produced $2.5 billion in savings for consumers. Trucking deregulation will save billions of dollars more. This is a goal that was pursued by a hero of yours and mine, Senator Phil Hart. And our commitment to these kinds of goals and ideals are a tribute to him and to his ideals. And I would like to pay particular tribute, again, to another Senator, Senator Ted Kennedy-who will be speaking later on today to you-a good consumer advocate, one who's worked as a partner with me in the evolution and now the passage of the trucking deregulation legislation. Where regulation is necessary, we should make sure it works efficiently. When OSHA eliminates 1,000 nitpicking regulations which turns the public against the agency, and turns its attention to serious health problems in the workplace, every American is a gainer. These are commonsense goals, and we will achieve them. But I will vigorously oppose these special interests which now seek under the guise of regulatory reform, to turn aside protection for the consumer, to turn aside protection in the workplace, to turn aside protection for 281 Feb. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the environment. Those forces are massive. We will reform regulation, but we will not wreck legislation which protects the kind of regulation that will care for all of us and those for whom we care. I salute you for the measure that you've taken to help America be a more decent place, and to give our people a more decent society. Every child saved by burn safety rules, every person alive today because automobiles and highways are safer, every person who drinks pure water and who breathes clean air, every worker who's saved from a painful death because of a job-derived disease, every such human being owes you a debt of gratitude. We must work together to protect these gains. As you know, there are an extraordinary array of special interests who have now put the antitrust and consumer protection efforts of the Federal Trade Commission at the top of their hit list. Obviously, no agency should be immune from scrutiny and assessment and correction and clarification. But a fine-tuning operation must not be turned into a wrecking crew. The Federal Trade Commission Act is one of the oldest and most fundamental safeguards we have for the integrity of the American marketplace. It's been there since an early consumer advocate in the White House, Woodrow Wilson, signed this act into law in 1914. It is so basic to the fabric of trust and fairness in the American free economy that we tend to take it for granted. We can no longer do that. We have to fight for it. And together we will fight for it and we will protect the Federal Trade Commission. Just look briefly at some of the accusations against the FTC. It is not wrong to tell a bereaved and a vulnerable consumer how much a funeral will cost. It is not bad to allow professionals-doctors, lawyers, and others-to give information to their clients who are consumers. It does no harm to restore competition to over-protected industries and to save consumers hundreds of millions of dollars per year. Yet, provisions exactly like these are now being considered by Congress which would stop activities like these dead in their tracks. One especially harmful idea would allow legislative veto of FTC regulations. This is unconstitutional, this is bad government. It would create a whole new form of redtape. It would turn regulatory enforcement into an endless process of capricious negotiation with special interests. I'm glad that yesterday, with your help, the Senate rejected a one-House veto amendment. And I hope that the Congress, in its wisdom, will reject all such congressional veto amendments in the future. The Federal Trade Commission is one of the greatest weapons the American public has to guarantee truth and integrity and competition in the marketplace. I will not let it be picked to pieces. And I want to make it clear to Mike and to you and to the Congress by pledging to you now that if the Congress sends me a bill that cripples the ability of the Federal Trade Commission to protect the consumers of America, then I, as President, will veto that bill. It would be a serious mistake for us to underestimate the seriousness of this issue, not just because of what the FTC doesit's not only important in its own right, greatly important, but it's also symbolic of what can happen in the future. If we should lose this battle-and I'm resolved that we will not-then we would have a much more difficult task of winning similar battles to protect consumers in the Congress in the future. I'll continue to do everything in my power to defend consumers against those 282 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 7 selfish special interests. But I cannot do it alone; no President could. President Harry Truman expressed the problem well when he said: "You know, they have lobbies down there-the power trust, and they have the real estate lobby, and they have the oil lobbies, and they have lobbies for this and that and the other thing. And the only lobby that the people have is the man who sits in the White House. He represents 150 million Americans who cannot afford a lobby." Of course, now I have you as allies, but the President still represents the people who cannot afford a lobby. President Truman could never have predicted the changes that now make it so hard for a President alone, or even with the Consumer Federation, to balance the scales. Ours is a time when a lobbyist pushing one button on a computer can immediately send 10,000 letters on any subject to the Congressmen on the Hill. But consumers have some things that special interests do not have. We have the power of numbers. And we have right and justice on our side. But I have to remind you that this power must be effectively marshaled and effectively used. Citizens groups cannot afford the luxury of special or single issue orientation. Citizens groups cannot afford the luxury of divisions among ourselves. Citizens groups cannot afford to attack one another simply because we differ on the nuances of protection of consumers. We must join forces when any one of the goals that we support is threatened. We need the help of each other. And now especially I need your help on a good consumer agenda-a strong windfall profits tax, a national health plan, hospital cost containment, the enhancement of personal privacy, trucking deregulation, helping small savers get a better return on their money, protecting the FTC, and sound class action legislation, many other items. The agenda is broad, the issues are sharply drawn, the threat is great, unity is mandatory. Congress will not respond to consumers if it does not hear from consumers. And that is quite often the difference between victory or defeat. While we sit complacently by or concentrating on one issue on the agenda, the lobbyists are working day and night with a highly focused, highly competent effort to change one vote and then another and then another, in some obscure paragraph in legislation that might cause catastrophe in the life of many Americans. We must spread the message together, for when special interests fight against consumers, it's an assault on the pocketbooks and the health and the safety of the American people. That's the message that needs to be promulgated. I'm speaking out as President. You need to spread the message yourselves in your neighborhoods, in your churches, in your union halls, in your co-ops, in the news media, and on Capitol Hill. If together we can let the truth be known, then together we will prevail. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in the Presidential Ballroom at the Capitol Hilton Hotel. Relations With Islamic Nations Statement by the President. February 7, 1980 The history of Islam is very long compared to that of the United States. Islam is celebrating the first year of its 15th century. As an independent nation, we have only just entered our third. But from the beginning, the United States has enjoyed close and valued ties with the Muslim world. 283 Feb. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 A Muslim state, Morocco, was the first to recognize our independence. Our kaleidoscopic population includes a vigorous Islamic community. Many scholars from the Muslim world pursue their studies here. Centers for Islamic and Middle Eastern studies-many of which you represent-have grown up in universities all over America. I have been struck, personally and in my experience as President, by the human and moral values which Americans as a people share with Islam. We share, first and foremost, a deep faith in the one Supreme Being. We are all commanded by Him to faith, compassion, and justice. We have a common respect and reverence for law. Despite the strains of the modern age, we continue to place special importance on the family and the home. And we share a belief that hospitality is a virtue and that the host, whether a nation or an individual, should behave with generosity and honor toward guests. On the basis of both values and interests, the natural relationship between Islam and the United States is one of friendship. I affirm that friendship, both as a reality and as a goal-just as I totally reject any attempt to make moral and spiritual beliefs a barrier to understanding, rather than the bridge they can and should be. I am determined to strengthen, not weaken, the longstanding and valued bonds of friendship and cooperation between the United States and many Muslim nations. We will lend our support to any nation working for peace and justice and to resist external domination. We will continue our efforts to help resolve peaceably-and with justice-the international disputes, including the ArabIsraeli conflict, which affect the Muslim world. It is with profound revulsion that the world now witnesses the rejection of these principles of understanding and respect on the part of the Soviet Union. Today, in a Muslim country, Russian troops are making war against a people whose dedication to independence is as fierce as their faith. In a time of grave danger and upheaval, I want to reaffirm what I said a few weeks ago: We have the deepest respect and reverence for Islam and all who share the faith of Islam. Of course there is indignation among Americans today over events in one Islamic country. I share that indignation. But I can assure you that this just anger will not be twisted into a false resentment against Islam or its faithful. I say that with confidence, because a respect for religious faith is so deeply ingrained in the character of the American people. We continue to seek the closest possible political, economic, and cultural ties with the Islamic nations and with Muslims throughout the world. That has not changed, and it will not change. NOTE: The President read the statement at the beginning of his meeting with representatives of faculties in Islamic studies from Washington area universities, which was held in the Roosevelt Room at the White House. Meeting With Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser of Australia Remarks to Reporters on the Prime Minister's Departure. February 7,1980 THE PRESIDENT. We're delighted to welcome back to the White House Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser of Australia, who came here a few days ago to consult very closely with me on matters of common interest to our two countries, but particularly the late developing events cen 284 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Fb Feb. 7 tered around the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Following his visit here, Prime Minister Fraser went to London to meet with the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Great Britain,' then went to meet with the Chancellor of Germany, and then the President of France. Following those visits, the leaders of the European countries suggested that because his meetings were so fruitful with them that he might stop by to see me again to give me a report on the consultations in Europe. I'm deeply grateful that Prime Minister Fraser has been willing to do this. His report has, indeed, been helpful. We are grateful also to Australia because of their courageous stand as an ally of ours in condemning the inva~sion that threatens the peace in Southwest Asia and the Persian Gulf region; the fact that as a major exporter of grain, Australia immediately announced that they would not replace the grain being withheld by our country from the Soviet Union. And I'm also very pleased at the close military, economic, and political alliance that exists among Australia, New ZAaland, and the United States. There was a meeting of foreign ministers scheduled in this Alliance in July. At the suggestion of Prime Minister Fraser, we have decided to move that meeting up until the last week in February so that we can expedite the common discussions among us about the situation in the Indian Ocean and the regions bordering that sea. We have had a thorough discussion about the Olympics and what might be done concerning the Olympics if the Soviets do not quickly withdraw all their forces from Afghanistan, and Prime Minister Fraser has taken the lead in this discussion and consultation as well. It's with a great deal of pleasure that I welcome him back here, and I'd like to ask him as an honored guest to make a few comments to you. THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you very much, Mr. President. I value very greatly, indeed, the discussions that we had a few days ago and also today. I had said at the outset of this round of discussions that I have undertaken that it's important for the development of Australia's own policy in the future to know as well as possible, the mind of the President of the United States, the policies of this country, and also of principal countries in Europe. We have no presumptuous view of the influence of 14 million Australians, but we are determined to play what part we can in a cause that is important for free peoples, wherever they may be. We're glad, indeed,' and thankful that the United States has responded in recent days, that the President made and delivered the statement he did in the State of the Union message, which should surely give clear warnings to the Soviets about any further moves beyond Afghanistan,, and the clear need that there clearly is to bring greater reassurance to the world by removing forces from Afghanistan. There are times when all of us in independent nations have necessarily to depend on the United States for the kind of world in which we live. This is the world's greatest free power, the strongest country in the world. And in times of danger, in times of invasion-as there have been, the Soviet of Afghanistan-it is the United States that must set a lead. And the United States has done what is necessary in the preservation, as Australia believes, of world peace. And because we strongly believe that what the President has done is right, because we strongly believe that what the President has done is necessary, Australia has moved to sup 285 Feb. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 port —in what ways we can —the actions of the United States, and we will continue to do so in a cause which is of such great importance for us all. The United States has also taken a lead over the matter of the Olympics. And I was shown some days ago that small document that has been handed out by Soviet activists in Moscow giving their view of what the Olympics mean and how they're going to exploit it amongst their own people. The Soviets themselves have made it perfectly plain that they regard the Olympic games being held in Moscow as a great social and political event, not at that moment speaking about a great sporting event which is what it was meant to be. And they've also made it perfectly plain, in their own writings and documents, that they would regard the rewarding of the games to Moscow as a mark of approval of Soviet foreign policy. Now, against the background of their own statements and against the background of their invasion of Afghanistan, how can free peoples' representatives go to Moscow and, no matter what they themselves might say, allow the Soviets to say of them that their presence there is a mark of approval of Soviet foreign policy? Because that's plainly in the current circumstances what the Soviet Union would in fact be saying. Mr. President, I welcome very much the discussions that we've been able to have; they've been extraordinarily useful to me. They have given me much, if it was needed, much greater confidence that the United States, together with allies in Europe, is determined to do what must be done to preserve all those things which the people of the United States and the people of Australia hold most dear. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:46 p.m. on the South Grounds of the White House. On the same day, the White House released the following list of the persons attending the meeting. THE PRESIDENT SECRETARY OF STATE CYRUS R. VANCE NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT LLOYD CUTLER ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE MICHAEL ARMACOST ROGER W. SULLIVAN, NSC STAFF PRIME MINISTER J. MALCOLM FRASER MINISTER OF HEALTH AND MINISTER ASSISTING THE PRIME MINISTER, M. J. MACKELLAR AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED STATES, SIR NICHOLAS PARKINSON SECRETARY, DEPUTY OF THE PRIME MINISTER AND CABINET, SIR GEOFFREY YEEND SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, P. G. F. HENDERSON Exports of Nuclear Fuels Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate. February 7, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 (NNPA)Oamended the Atomic Energy Act to establish new criteria for nuclear exports. Included was a requirement that the U.S. have a right to consent to the reprocessing of fuel exported from the U.S. Our agreements with the European Atomic Energy Community (EUR ATOM) do not contain such a right. To avoid disrupting cooperation with EURATOM, the NNPA included a proviso permitting continued cooperation until March 10, 1980, if EURATOM agreed to negotiations concerning our cooperation agreements. In July 1978, EURATOM agreed to discussions on the agreements on the understanding that the issues being studied in the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE) would not be ad 286 """~1111 — --- —--— I 1,I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 8 dressed in the US-EURATOM discussions until completion of INFCE, and that the results of INFCE would be taken into account in the final negotiations. We have had two rounds of such discussions with EURATOM-in November 1978 and September 1979. A third meeting is scheduled for April 1980, shortly after INFCE concludes its work. To continue nuclear cooperation with EURATOM after March 10, 1980, we have to extend our waiver of the provision relating to U.S. approval of reprocessing. Under the law, this can be done only on an annual basis, and only after a Presidential determination that failure to cooperate would seriously prejudice the achievement of U.S. non-proliferation objectives or would otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security. The Act further provides for notification to the Congress of any such determination. During the November 1978 and September 1979 discussions with EUR ATOM, progress was made in clarifying the issues and positions relating to our agreement for cooperation. Our next session with EURATOM, in April 1980, will be our first chance to deal with the substantive issues addressed in INFCE and to determine how we can factor the results of that study into our agreement for cooperation. Our continued cooperation with EURATOM during this period is essential to demonstrating our reliability as a reliable partner in the sensitive area of energy supply-and thus improving the prospects for international acceptance of measures to limit proliferation. For these reasons, I have determined that failure to continue peaceful nuclear cooperation with the European Atomic Energy Community would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of U.S. non-proliferation objectives and would otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security of the U.S. I will therefore issue, in the immediate future, an Executive Order extending the waiver of the application of the relevant export criterion of the NNPA for an additional twelve months from March 10, 1980. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. United States Ambassador to Bolivia Nomination of Marvin Weissman. February 8, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Marvin Weissman, of Bethesda, Md., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Bolivia. He would replace Paul H. Boeker, resigning. Weissman has been Ambassador to Costa Rica since 1977. He was born January 25, 1927, in Cleveland, Ohio. He received a Ph. B. from the University of Chicago in 1948 and an M.P.A. from Maxwell Graduate School at Syracuse University in 1953. He served in the U.S. Army from 1945 to 1946. From 1950 to 1954, Weissman was an examiner with the Bureau of the Budget. From 1954 to 1955, he was a public administration advisor with the International Cooperation Administration in Santiago, Chile. From 1955 to 1958, he was an economic and financial consultant in Chile and Venezuela. In 1958 Weissman was director of the International Cooperation Administra 287 Feb. 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tion's first Latin American regional conference on administrative management. From 1958 to 1961, he was chief of the International Cooperation Administration's Public Administration Division in Quito, Ecuador. In 1959 he was a consultant on budgetary administration to the Peruvian Finance Ministry. Weissman was a public administration advisor in Lima from 1961 to 1962 and director of the Office for Institutional Development at the Alliance for Progress from 1962 to 1963. He was Director of the U.S. AID mission to Guatemala from 1963 to 1967, to Colombia from 1967 to 1973, and to Brazil from 1973 to 1975. From 1975 to 1977, he was Director of the Office of Central American Affairs at the State Department. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Nomination of Homer F. Broome, Jr., To Be Administrator. February 8, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Homer F. Broome, Jr., of Los Angeles, Calif., to be Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA). This is a new position created by Public Law 96-157, the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979, which redefines the responsibilities of LEAA and creates the Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics. Broome has been Deputy Administrator of LEAA since 1978. He was born June 23, 1931, in Los Angeles. He received a B.A. from California State University in 1958 and an M.B.A. from Pepperdine University in 1973. He served in the U.S. Army from 1952 to 1954. Broome joined the Los Angeles Police Department in 1961 and was promoted through the ranks to commander of police. At the time of his appointment to LEAA in 1978, he was commanding officer of the Commission Service Group of the Board of Police Commissioners. Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics Nomination of Henry S. Dogin To Be Director. February 8, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Henry S. Dogin, of Armonk, N.Y., to be Director of the Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics. This is a new position created by Public Law 96-157, the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979. Dogin has been Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) since 1979. He was born December 26, 1934, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He received a B.A. from Cornell University in 1956 and an LL.B. from Columbia School of Law in 1961. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1956 to 1958. From 1961 to 1967, Dogin was assistant district attorney for the county of New York. From 1967 to 1971, he was assistant counsel to the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor. He served as Deputy Regional Administrator of the New York Regional Office of LEAA from 1971 to 1973. Dogin was Deputy Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division from 1973 to 1975 and Acting Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Agency from 1975 to 1976. From 1976 to 1978, he was deputy 288 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 8 commissioner of the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. From 1978 to 1979, he was Deputy Administrator of LEAA for Policy Development and served as Acting Administrator. Selective Service Revitalization Statement on the Registration of Americans for the Draft. February 8, 1980 On Monday, February 11, I will transmit to the Congress a comprehensive report on strengthening this Nation's capacity for rapid personnel mobilization in an emergency. The United States is committed to peace-a peace that allows every nation to live in an atmosphere free of coercion or intimidation. We pursue that goal through many kinds of national strengththe strength of our ideals, the strength of our economy, the strength of our alliances and our relationships with other countries, the strength of our national will and unity, and the strength of our military forces. We maintain a strong military establishment not for aggressive purposes, but as a bulwark to be used against aggression and war. Military readiness may be the best guarantee that military force need never be used. Even in the nuclear age, we must be prepared for conventional conflict-and deterring such conflict may depend on the timely availability of our forces. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan poses a serious threat to a region that is vital to the long-term interests of the United States and our allies. It represents the first time since World War II that the Soviets have used their military force to invade an independent nation outside the sphere of the Warsaw Pact. This brutal act of aggression has called forth the condemnation of the whole world-and a series of firm and measured responses from the United States. These responses include continuing to increase necessary defense spending, restricting the sale of grain and high technology products to the Soviet Union, and seeking to prevent the summer Olympics being held in Moscow. We have made it clear to the Soviet Union that it must pay a severe price for choosing the path of violence and aggression. Registration for the draft is needed to increase our preparedness and is a further demonstration of our resolve as a nation. It will improve our capacity, if circumstances require, to increase the size and strength of our Armed Forces-and that capacity will itself help to maintain peace and to prevent conflict in the region of the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia. Our objective is plain: to deter Soviet aggression. A vigorous effort to improve our current capabilities will help achieve that goal. Accordingly, I will take the following actions to allow us to meet personnel requirements in an emergency: -I will seek from Congress funds to register American young men under existing law. -I will seek additional authority to register women for noncombat service to our Nation. -I will take steps to enable the Selective Service System to carry out registration in the most economical and efficient way, using the U.S. Postal Service for the registration process, the Internal Revenue Service and the Social Security Administration for computer support, and the Department of State for overseas registration. 289 Feb. 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -I will develop new procedures for the selection and training of local draft board members. Registration does not require that we reconstitute local boards now, but as part of our effort to revitalize the Selective Service machinery we are developing plans to select and train local board members for availability in the event of a mobilization emergency. I will request additional funds from the Congress of $20.5 million in FY '80 and $24.5 million in FY '81 for the Selective Service System to carry out this program. In peacetime, our military manpower policy continues to rely on voluntary enlistment. I will continue to strengthen the All Volunteer Force. My 1981 budget requests $500 million in new authority for better recruitment and retention in our active and reserve forces. My decision to renew registration is in no sense a move away from the volunteer force, which is performing its mission well. We are maintaining our Armed Forces with volunteers, and recruitment is holding up well. In developing the All Volunteer Force, we have always recognized that it would have to be supplemented by the draft at a time of national emergency and mobilization. Should that time ever come I am committed to ensure that the draft would be fair and nondiscriminatory. Renewing registration for the draft now will save us critical time in the event of mobilization. This additional readiness could range from several weeks to several months, depending on the state of the Selective Service machinery and the nature of the emergency. The process of registration in peacetime is simple. Individuals will go to their local post office and fill out a brief form. No draft card will be issued. No classification or examination of the person registering will be required. If mobiliza tion is required in the future, the Congress would have to authorize through separate legislation registrants to be inducted into the Armed Forces. We must be prepared if the need arises. My decision to register women is a recognition of the reality that both women and men are working members of our society. It confirms what is already obvious throughout our society-that women are now providing all types of skills in every profession. The military should be no exception. In fact, there are already 150,000 women serving in our Armed Forces today, in a variety of duties, up from 38,000 only 10 years ago. They are performing well, and they have improved the level of skills in every branch of the military service. There is no distinction possible, on the basis of ability or performance, that would allow me to exclude women from an obligation to register. I am very much aware of the concern that many Americans feel about the issue of women in combat. There are almost as many job categories in the military services as there are in civilian life, and many of these categories do not involve combat. In the All Volunteer Force, women are now successfully carrying out tasks which, in the event of hostilities, would involve deploying them in or near combat zones. But women are not assigned to units where engagement in close combat would be part of their duties, and I have no intention of changing that policy. In every area of our national life, women are meeting the responsibilities of citizenship. That is as true of the military services as it is of the political arena or the economy of our Nation. Just as we are asking women to assume additional responsibilities, it is more urgent than ever that the women in America have full and 290 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 equal rights under the Constitution. Equal obligations deserve equal rights. I urge the Congress to act on my proposals promptly. The registration of young people is an important element in our overall response to Soviet aggression. It signals our resolve and enhances our military preparedness. This step, along with the others we have taken, displays our commitment to peace and our readiness to defend it. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. February 2 The President met at the White House with David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. The President left the White House for a stay at Camp David, Md. The White House announced that the President has declared an emergency for the State of California because a threat to public health and safety and property exists in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta area of California as the result of torrential rains, high tides, and strong winds, beginning on or about January 13. February 3 The President returned to the White House from Camp David. February 4 The President met at the White House with: -Mr. Aaron; -the Cabinet; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Director of the Peace Corps Pichard F. Celeste and Peace Corps volunteer Deborah Loff; -Reggie Jackson of the New York Yankees, Dave Parker of the Pittsburgh Pirates, Julius Erving of the Philadelphia 76'ers, and Franco Harris of the Pittsburgh Steelers. The President and Mrs. Carter hosted a buffet dinner for cast members of the musical "West Side Story." The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report of the Administration on Aging and the 10th annual report on the Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968. February 5 The President met at the White House with: -Mr. Aaron; -the Democratic congressional leadership; -Mr. Moore; -Sam Brown, Director of ACTION; -the President's Commission for a National Agenda for the Eighties. In a White House ceremony, the President announced the release of a 2-year study by the Federal Government of the Puerto Rican economy. Governor Carlos Romero-Barcelo of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico received the study on behalf of the Puerto Rican government and people. The President attended a briefing by Mrs. Carter given for congressional wives in the East Room at the White House. The President spoke by telephone in the afternoon with Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of the Federal Republic of Germany. The purpose of the conversation 291 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 was to discuss, and for the President to hear from Chancellor Schmidt firsthand, an account of the recently completed meetings between the Chancellor and President Valery Giscard d'Estaing of France. The President was pleased with the conversation. The Chancellor, in that conversation, emphasized that the President could have the confidence in both the Chancellor and President Giscard d'Estaing, particularly when the going is rough. He asked that the President tell Americans that these two leaders are "by his side" in this situation. The Chancellor made clear, as they did in the communique issued following the meetings, that the Soviet Union should take its troops out of Afghanistan without delay, and that there should be no doubt about the fidelity of France and Germany to the Western Alliance and to the United States. The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report on the administration of the Railroad Safety Act of 1970. February 6 The President met at the White House with: -Mr. Aaron; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Secretary of the Treasury G. William Miller, Under Secretary of Labor John N. Gentry, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, R. Robert Russell, Director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability, John P. White, Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President; -Representative Joseph M. Gaydos of Pennsylvania and civic and political leaders from his congressional district; -Mr. Moore; -Clark Clifford, the President's personal emissary to India; -Mr. Schultze; -representatives of the Chapel of the Four Chaplains in Pennsylvania; -representatives of the Boy Scouts of America, to receive the Scouts' annual report to the Nation; -Mayor Robert Kozaren and members of the city council of Hamtramck, Mich.; -Alexander Trowbridge, president, and Forrest Rettgers, executive vice president, National Association of Manufacturers. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials given for Ynembers of the New England Fuel Institute in the East Room at the White House. February 7 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Thomas McGee, speaker of the house of the Massachusetts General Court. The White House announced that the President has declared a major disaster for the State of Hawaii as a result of severe storms, high surf, and flooding during the period January 7-16, which caused extensive property damage. The President transmitted to the Congress the fiscal year 1981 budget for the District of Columbia and the second annual report of the Department of Energy. 292 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Ruth R. Harkin as a member of the Board of Directors of the Rural Telephone Bank. Harkin is Deputy General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture. February 8 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Sol M. Linowitz, Personal Representative of the President to the Middle East peace negotiations; -Mr. Moore. The President left the White House for a stay at Camp David. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted February 8, 1980 MARVIN WEISSMAN, of Maryland, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Bolivia. NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted February 8-Continued HENRY S. DOGIN, of New York, to be Director of the Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics (new position). HOMER F. BROOME, JR., of California, to be Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (new position). CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released February 5, 1980 Fact sheet: report on the economy of Puerto Rico Released February 7, 1980 Advance text: remarks at the annual convention of the Consumer Federation of America Released February 8, 1980 Fact sheet: Selective Service revitalization News conference: on Selective Service revitalization-by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and John P. White, Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved February 8, 1980 H.R. 4320 --- —-------- Public Law 96-189 An act to consent to the amended Bear River Compact between the States of Utah. Idaho. and Wyoming. 293 -.0f - Week Ending Friday, February 15, 1980 Maine Democratic Party Caucuses Statement by the President. February 10, 1980 I am grateful to the Democrats of Maine for this welcome vote of support. I especially appreciate the hard work and dedication of the thousands of supporters and volunteers in the State whose efforts made this victory possible. I regret that international circumstances made it impossible for me to travel to Maine during this campaign, and I look forward to the time when I am able once again to personally and directly seek the support of my fellow Democrats around the country. Both Senator Kennedy and Governor Brown ran strong, well-organized races, and I congratulate them on their campaigns. Employee Retirement Income Security Act Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. February 11, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with Section 107 of Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1978, I am transmitting an evaluation of the extent to which this Reorganization Plan has alleviated the problems associated with the present administrative structure under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). The evaluation also includes recommendations for a longterm administrative structure under ERISA. The study concludes that the Reorganization Plan has significantly alleviated the problems in ERISA administration to which it was addressed: the processing of applications for exemptions from prohibited transaction provisions and the issuing of regulations. In addition, there have been substantial further reductions in the paperwork burden associated with the Act, and the Department of Labor and the Department of the Treasury have begun cooperative agreements to improve the coordination of their field enforcement activities. Continued improvement is expected. I am pleased with the success of the Reorganization Plan in simplifying and improving the unnecessarily complex administrative requirements of ERISA. I believe that the establishment of an Interagency Employee Benefit Council, as recommended by the evaluation, will address the problems of the long-term administration of the program. My staff is carefully considering the steps necessary to establish the Council, as a part of my Administration's continuing commitment to making government more effective and less intrusive in the lives of our people. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 11, 1980. NOTE: The 81-page report, prepared by the Office of Management and Budget, is entitled "Study of the Administration of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)Report to the Congress, January 1980." 295 Feb. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 United States International Development Cooperation Agency Nomination of Guy Feliz Erb To Be Deputy Director. February 11, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Guy Feliz Erb, of San Francisco, Calif., to be Deputy Director of the International Development Cooperation Agency, a new position. Erb has been on the National Security Council (NSC) staff since 1977. His responsibilities include trade policy, U.S. economic policies toward the countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and international commodity policy. Since 1979 he has been the NSC staff member responsible for U.S.-Mexican relations. In that capacity he participated in the U.S.Mexican negotiations on natural gas. He was born July 24, 1938, in San Francisco. He received a B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1961 and an M.Sc. from the University of London, London School of Economics and Political Science in 1963. Erb joined the Foreign Service in 1963 and served as a member of the U.S. delegation to the Kennedy round of trade negotiations. He joined the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 1965 and worked with that organization in both New York and Geneva until 1971. From 1971 to 1972, Erb was adviser to the Central American Common Market in Guatemala. From 1972 to 1977, he was a senior fellow at the Overseas Development Council. National Railroad Passenger Corporation Nomination of Two Members of the Board of Directors. February 11, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate two persons for reappointment as members of the Board of Directors of the National Railroad Passenger Corporation for terms expiring July 18, 1982. They are: James R. Mills, of San Diego, Calif., president pro tem of the California State Senate. Mills has served in the senate since 1966. He is chairman of the Transportation Committee of the National Conference of State Legislatures. Frank H. Neel, of Thomasville, Ga., president of Neel Air Conditioning and Heating Co. He was a member of the Thomasville Board of Commissioners for 12 years. Radioactive Waste Management Program Message to the Congress. February 12, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: Today I am establishing this Nation's first comprehensive radioactive waste management program. My paramount objective in managing nuclear wastes is to protect the health and safety of all Americans, both now and in the future. I share this responsibility with elected officials at all levels of our government. Our citizens have a deep concern that the beneficial uses of nuclear technology, including the generation of electricity, not be allowed to imperil public health or safety now or in the future. 296 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 1 2 For more than 30 years, radioactive wastes have been generated by programs for national defense, by the commercial nuclear power program, and by a variety of medical, industrial and research activities. Yet past governmental efforts to manage radioactive wastes have not been technically adequate. Moreover, they have failed to involve successfully the States, local governments, and the public in policy or program decisions. My actions today lay the foundation for both a technically superior program and a full cooperative Federal-State partnership to ensure public confidence in a waste management program. My program is consistent with the broad consensus that has evolved from the efforts of the Interagency Review Group on Radioactive Waste Management (IRG) which I established. The IRG findings and analysis were comprehensive, thorough and widely reviewed by public, industry and citizen groups, State and local governments, and members of the Congress. Evaluations of the scientific and technical analyses were obtained through a broad and rigorous peer review by the scientific community. The final recommendations benefited from and reflect this input. My objective is to establish a comprehensive program for the management of all types of radioactive wastes. My policies and programs established mechanisms to ensure that elected officials and the public fully participate in waste decisions, and direct Federal departments and agencies to implement a waste management strategy which is safe, technically sound, conservative, and open to continuous public review. This approach will help ensure that we will reach our objective-the safe storage and disposal of all forms of nuclear waste. Our primary objective is to isolate existing and future radioactive waste from military and civilian activities from the biosphere and pose no significant threat to public health and safety. The responsibility for resolving military and civilian waste management problems shall not be deferred to future generations. The technical program must meet all relevant radiological protection criteria as well as all other applicable regulatory requirements. This effort must proceed regardless of future developments within the nuclear industry-its future size, and resolution of specific fuel cycle and reactor design issues. The specific steps outlined below are each aimed at accomplishing this overall objective. First, my Administration is committed to providing an effective role for State and local governments in the development and implementation of our nuclear waste management program. I am therefore taking the following actions: * By Executive Order, I am establishing a State Planning Council which will strengthen our intergovernmental relationships and help fulfill our joint responsibility to protect public health and safety in radioactive waste matters. I have asked Governor Riley of South Carolina to serve as Chairman of the Council. The Council will have a total of 19 members: 15 who are Governors or other elected officials, and 4 from the Executive departments and agencies. It will advise the Executive Branch and work with the Congress to address radioactive waste management issues, such as planning and siting, construction, and operation of facilities. I will submit legislation during this session to make the Council permanent. 297 Feb. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 * In the past, States have not played an adequate part in the waste management planning process-for example, in the evaluation and location of potential waste disposal sites. The States need better access to information and expanded opportunity to guide waste management planning. Our relationship with the States will be based on the principle of consultation and concurrence in the siting of high level waste repositories. Under the framework of consultation and concurrence, a host State will have a continuing role in Federal decisionmaking on the siting, design and construction of a high level waste repository. State consultation and concurrence, however, will lead to an acceptable solution to our waste disposal problem only if all the States participate as partners in the program I am putting forth. The safe disposal of radioactive waste, defense and commercial, is a national, not just a Federal, responsibility. * I am directing the Secretary of Energy to provide financial and technical assistance to States and other jurisdictions to facilitate the full participation of State and local government in review and licensing proceedings. Second, for disposal of high level radioactive waste, I am adopting an interim planning strategy focused on the use of mined geologic repositories capable of accepting both waste from reprocessing and unreprocessed commercial spent fuel. An interim strategy is needed since final decisions on many steps which need to be taken should be preceded by a full environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act. In its search for suitable sites for high level waste repositories, the Department of Energy has mounted an expanded and diversified program of geologic investigations that recognizes the importance of the interaction among geologic setting, repository host rock, waste form and other engineered barriers on a site-specific basis. Immediate attention will focus on research and development, and on locating and characterizing a number of potential repository sites in a variety of different geologic environments with diverse rock types. When four to five sites have been evaluated and found potentially suitable, one or more will be selected for further development as a licensed full-scale repository. It is important to stress the following two points: First, because the suitability of a geologic disposal site can be verified only through detailed and time-consuming site specific evaluations, actual sites and their geologic environments must be carefully examined. Second, the development of a repository will proceed in a careful step-by-step manner. Experience and information gained at each phase will be reviewed and evaluated to determine if there is sufficient knowledge to proceed with the next stage of development. We should be ready to select the site for the first full-scale repository by about 1985 and have it operational by the mid-1990's. For reasons of economy, the first and subsequent repositories should accept both defense and commercial wastes. Consistent with my decision to expand and diversify the Department of Energy's program of geologic investigation before selecting a specific site for repository development, I have decided that the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant project should be cancelled. This project is currently authorized for the unlicensed disposal of transuranic waste from our National defense program, and for research and development using high level defense waste. This project is inconsistent with my policy that all repositories for highly radioactive waste be licensed, and that they accept both defense and commercial wastes. 298 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 12 The site near Carlsbad, New Mexico, which was being considered for this project, will continue to be evaluated along with other sites in other parts of the country. If qualified, it will be reserved as one of several candidate sites for possible use as a licensed repository for defense and commercial high level wastes. My fiscal year 1981 budget contains funds in the commercial nuclear waste program for protection and continued investigation of the Carlsbad site. Finally, it is important that we take the time to compare the New Mexico site with other sites now under evaluation for the first waste repository. Over the next five years, the Department of Energy will carry out an aggressive program of scientific and technical investigations to support waste solidification, packaging and repository design and construction, including several experimental, retrievable emplacements in test facilities. This supporting research and development program will call upon the knowledge and experience of the Nation's very best people in science, engineering and other fields of learning and will include participation of universities, industry, and the government departments, agencies, and national laboratories. Third, during the interim period before a disposal facility is available, waste must and will continue to be cared for safely. Management of defense waste is a Federal responsibility; the Department of Energy will ensure close and meticulous control over defense waste facilities which are vital to our national security. I am committed to maintaining safe interim storage of these wastes as long as necessary and to making adequate funding available for that purpose. We will also proceed with research and development at the various defense sites that will lead the processing, packaging, and ultimate transfer to a permanent repository of the high level and transuranic wastes from defense programs. In contrast, storage of commercial spent fuel is primarily a responsibility of the utilities. I want to stress that interim spent fuel storage capacity is not an alternative to permanent disposal. However, adequate storage is necessary until repositories are available. I urge the utility industry to continue to take all actions necessary to store spent fuel in a manner that will protect the public and ensure efficient and safe operation of power reactors. However. a limited amount of government storage capacity would provide flexibility to our national waste disposal program and an alternative for those utilities which are unable to expand-their storage capabilities. I reiterate the need for early enactment of my proposed spent nuclear fuel legislation. This proposal would authorize the Department of Energy to: (1) design, acquire or construct, and operate one or more away-from -reactor storage facilities, and (2) accept for storage, until permanent disposal facilities are available, domestic spent fuel, and a limited amount of foreign spent fuel in cases when such action would further our non-proliferation policy objectives. All costs of storage, including the cost of locating, constructing and operating permanent geologic repositories, will be recovered through fees paid by utilities and other users of the services and will ultimately be borne by those who benefit from the activities generating the wastes. Fourth, I have directed the Department of Energy to work jointly with states, other government agencies, industry and other organizations, and the public, in developing national plans to establish regional disposal sites for commercial low level waste. We must work together to resolve the serious near-term problem of low 299 Feb. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 level waste disposal. While this task is not inherently difficult from the standpoint of safety, it requires better planning and coordination. I endorse the actions being taken by the Nation's governors to tackle this problem and direct the Secretary of Energy to work with them in support of their effort. Fifth, the Federal programs for regulating radioactive waste storage, transportation and disposal are a crucial component of our efforts to ensure the health and safety of Americans. Although the existing authorities and structures are basically sound, improvements must be made in several areas. The current authority of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to license the disposal of high level waste and low level waste in commercial facilities should be extended to include spent fuel storage, and disposal of transuranic waste and non-defense low level waste in any new government facilities. I am directing the Environmental Protection Agency to consult with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to resolve issues of overlapping jurisdiction and phasing of regulatory actions. They should also seek ways to speed up the promulgation of their safety regulations. I am also directing the Department of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency to improve both the efficiency of their regulatory activities and their relationships with other Federal agencies and state and local governments. Sixth, it is essential that all aspects of the waste management program be conducted with the fullest possible disclosure to and participation by the public and the technical community. I am directing the departments and agencies to develop and improve mechanisms to ensure such participation and public involvement consistent with the need to protect national security information. The waste management program will be carried out in full compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act. Seventh, because nuclear waste management is a problem shared by many other countries and decisions on waste management alternatives have nuclear proliferation implications, I will continue to encourage and support bilateral and multilateral efforts which advance both our technical capabilities and our understanding of spent fuel and waste management options, which are consistent with our non-proliferation policy. In its role as lead agency for the management and disposal of radioactive wastes and with cooperation of the other relevant Federal agencies, the Department of Energy is preparing a detailed National Plan for Nuclear Waste Management to implement these policy guidelines and the other recommendations of the IRG. This Plan will provide a clear road map for all parties and will give the public an opportunity to review the entirety of our program. It will include specific program goals and milestones for all aspects of nuclear waste management. A draft of the comprehensive National Plan will be distributed by the Secretary of Energy later this year for public and Congressional review. The State Planning Council will be directly involved in the development of this plan. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission now has underway an important proceeding to provide the Nation with its judgment on whether or not it has confidence that radioactive wastes produced by nuclear power reactors can and will be disposed of safely. I urge that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission do so in a thorough and timely manner and that it provide a full opportunity for public, technical and government agency participation. Over the past two years as I have reviewed various aspects of the radioactive 300 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 12 waste problem, the complexities and difficulties of the issues have become evident-both from a technical and, more importantly, from an institutional and political perspective. However, based on the technical conclusions reached by the IRG, I am persuaded that the capability now exists to characterize and evaluate a number of geologic environments for use as repositories built with conventional mining technology. We have already made substantial progress and changes in our programs. With this comprehensive policy and its implementation through the FY 1981 budget and other actions, we will complete the task of reorienting our efforts in the right direction. Many citizens know and all must understand that this problem will be with us for many years. We must proceed steadily and with determination to resolve the remaining technical issues while ensuring full public participation and maintaining the full cooperation of all levels of government. We will act surely and without delay, but we will not compromise our technical or scientific standards out of haste. I look forward to working with the Congress and the States to implement this policy and build public confidence in the ability of the government to do what is required in this area to protect the health and safety of our citizens. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 12, 1980. State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management Executive Order 12192. February 12, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, and in order to create, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I), an advisory committee on radioactive waste management, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-1. Establishment. 1-101. There is established the State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management. 1-102. The Council shall be composed of eighteen members as follows: (a) Fourteen members designated by the President as follows: (1) Eight Governors of the various states. (2) Five state and local elected government officials other than governors. (3) One tribal government representative. (b) The heads of the following Executive agencies: (1) Department of the Interior. (2) Department of Transportation. (3) Department of Energy. (4) Environmental Protection Agency. (c) The Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is invited to participate in the activities of the Council; representatives of other departments and of United States territories and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands are invited to take part in the activities of the Council when matters affecting them are considered. 1-103. The President shall designate a Chairman from among the members of the Council. 1-2. Functions. 1-201. The Council shall provide advice and recommendations to the President and the Secretary of Energy on nuclear waste management (including in 301 Feb. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 terim management of spent fuel). In particular, the Council shall: (a) Recommend procedural mechanisms for reviewing nuclear waste management plans and programs in such a way to ensure timely and effective State and local involvement. Such mechanisms should include a consultation and concurrence process designed to achieve Federal, State, and local agreement which accommodates the interests of all the parties. (b) Review the development of comprehensive nuclear waste management plans including planning activities for transportation, storage, and disposal of all categories of nuclear waste. Provide recommendations to ensure that these plans adequately address the needs of the State and local areas affected. (c) Advise on all aspects of siting facilities for storage and disposal of nuclear wastes, including the review of recommended criteria for site selection and site suitability, guidelines for regional siting, and procedures for site characterization and selection. (d) Advise on an appropriate role for State and local governments in the licensing process for nuclear waste repositories. (e) Advise on proposed Federal regulations, standards, and criteria related to nuclear waste management programs. (f) Identify and make recommendations on other matters related to the transportation, storage, and disposal of nuclear waste that the Council believes are important. 1-202. Within one year after the Council's first organizational meeting, but in any event not later than seventeen months after the issuance of this Order, the Council shall prepare and submit to the President a public report on its functions set forth in Section 1-201. 1-3. Administrative Provisions. 1-301. Subcommittees of the Council may be established in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Cornmittee Act, as amended. 1-302. The members of the Council, including the members of its subcommittees, who are not otherwise paid a salary by the Federal Government, shall receive no compensation from the United States by virtue of their service on the Council, but all members may receive the transportation and travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5702 and 5703). 1-303. To the extent permitted by law, and subject to the availability of funds, the Secretary of Energy shall provide the Council, including any subcommittees, with necessary facilities, support, and services, including staff and an executive director. 1-4. General Provisions. 1-401. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other Executive order, the functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I), except that of reporting annually to the Congress, that are applicable to the Council, shall be performed by the Secretary of Energy in accordance with guidelines and procedures established by the Administrator of General Services. 1-402. The Council shall terminate thirty days after it transmits its final report to the President, but in no event shall it terminate later than eighteen months after the effective date of this Order. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 12, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:53 p.m., February 12, 1980] 302 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 12 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management Appointment of the Membership. February 12, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of the following individuals as members of the State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management: DICK RILEY, Governor of South Carolina, Chairman; PAUL HESS, State senator, Kansas, Vice Chairman; JOHN DALTON, Governor of Virginia; JOHN EVANS, Governor of Idaho; ELLA GRASSO, Governor of Connecticut; BRUCE KING, Governor of New Mexico; ROBERT LIST, Governor of Nevada; HARRY HUGHES, Governor of Maryland; Dixy LEE RAY, Governor of Washington; STANLEY FINK, speaker of the Assembly of the State of New York; GORDON Voss, State representative, State of Minnesota; ERNEST MORIAL, mayor of New Orleans, La.; MARY LOUISE SYMON, chairperson of the Dane County, Wis., board of supervisors; PETER MAcDONALD, chairman of the Navajo Nation. Dispute Resolution Act Statement on Signing S. 423 Into Law. February 12, 1980 In my civil justice system reform message to Congress last year, I called for passage of the Dispute Resolution Act. I said that this legislation would enable the Federal and State Governments to work in partnership to improve the delivery of justice to all the people of the United States. Today I am pleased to sign this legislation into law. This act will establish a program under the Department of Justice to encourage the development of inexpensive and expedient local mechanisms to resolve dis putes between consumers and sellers, landlords and tenants, and others. It will establish a resource center to serve as an information clearinghouse and a source of technical assistance, research, and evaluation. A grant program, authorized at $10 million annually for fiscal years 1981 to 1984, will provide seed money to spur State and local governments and nonprofit organizations to create or improve processes for minor dispute resolution. Finally, the act creates a national Dispute Resolution Advisory Board to provide advice. Many disputes generated in our modern society are often ill suited for referral to costly, formal adjudication and as a consequence are frequently never resolved. While such disputes may be minor in terms of the money or issues involved, they are of major significance to the people involved. Frustration and alienation result when legitimate grievances go unheard for want of readily available, easyto-use mechanisms for resolution of conflict. It is most appropriate that we are taking action to address this national problem. Senator Wendell Ford deserves special appreciation for his outstanding efforts on behalf of this bill. Senators Edward Kennedy, Birch Bayh, Howard Metzenbaum, and John Danforth also deserve particular recognition for their leadership and support. Representatives Robert Kastennmeier, Tom Railsback, Richardson Preyer, James Broyhill, Bob Eckhardt, and James Scheuer all deserve congratulations for their outstanding leadership on behalf of this legislation. The Dispute Resolution Act and the Federal Magistrates Act of 1979 are the first two measures in my civil justice reform program to pass Congress. The Federal Courts Improvement Act has passed the Senate, and I urge the House to act on it early in the session. I hope that the 303 Feb. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Congress will also pass the other bills recommended in my message, such as the one relating to the obligatory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. NOTE: As enacted, S. 423 is Public Law 96 -190, approved February 12. Nuclear Cooperation With EURATOM Executive Order 12193. February 12, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 126a(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2155 (a) (2)), and having determined that, upon the expiration of the period specified in the first proviso to Section 126a(2) of such Act, failure to continue peaceful nuclear cooperation with the European Atomic Energy Community would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of United States non-proliferation objectives and would otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security of the United States, and having notified the Congress of this determination, I hereby extend the duration of that period to March 10, 1981. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 12, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:50 a.m., February 13, 1980] Department of the Army Nomination of William E. Peacock To Be an Assistant Secretary. February 12, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate William E. Peacock, of Washington, D.C., to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army. He would replace Robert L. Nelson, resigned, and his area of responsibility would be manpower and reserve affairs. Peacock has been Director of the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs at the Department of Energy since 1977. He was born June 5, 1941, in Salt Lake City, Utah. He received an A.B. from Princeton University in 1963 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1966. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1967 to 1970 and maintains active Marine Corps Reserve status. From 1966 to 1967, Peacock was a management consultant with McKinsey and Co. From 1970 to 1971, he was assistant general counsel of U.S. Financial Corp., in San Diego, Calif. From 1971 to 1972, he was an associate attorney with the San Francisco firm of Chickering and Gregory. From 1972 to 1975, Peacock was assistant to the chairman of the board of Transamerica Corp. From 1975 to 1977, he was vice president and corporate counsel of the Crocker National Bank. John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Appointment of Richard 1. Heckmann as a Member of the Advisory Committee on the Arts. February 12, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Richard J. Heckmann, of Sun Valley, Idaho, as a member of the Advisory Committee on the Arts, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Heckmann is mayor of Sun Valley. He is a businessman and has served as Associate Administrator for Finance and Investment at the Small Business Adminis 304 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 12 tration. He is on the board of trustees of the National Children's Museum. Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership Appointment ol 10 Members. February 12, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of 10 persons as members of the Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership. This committee was created by Executive order on February 1, 1980, to "assist in monitoring and encouraging the placement of subcontracts by the private sector with eligible small businesses, particularly with small minority businesses." The 10 members appointed today are: Manuel R. Caldera, of Los Angeles, owner of Amex Systems, Inc., a company specializing in high technology electronics design, fabrication, and engineering support services. He is chairman of the Latin American Manufacturers' Association. Cassandra M. Flipper, of Mill Valley, Calif., assistant general counsel of Levi Strauss & Co. She served previously as equal employment opportunity manager for Levi Strauss. Earl G. Graves, publisher of Black Enterprise magazine. He is also president of EGG Dallas Broadcasting, which operates an AM and an FM radio station, and of Earl G. Graves Marketing and Research. William J. Kennedy III, of Durham, N.C., president and chief executive officer of North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. Louise Quarles Lawson, president of Illinois/Service Federal Savings and Loan Association and chairman of the Loan Committee. She is past president of the American Savings & Loan League. Franklin Delano Lopez, of San Juan, P.R., president of International Investment & Financing Corp., a company established to finance low-income housing and to assist and finance rural businesses and industries and small businesses. Gertrude G. Michelson, senior vice president of Macy's department store for personnel and labor relations. Paul G. Miller, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Commercial Credit Company. Bahk Sang, of Woodside, N.Y., president of Young Video, Inc., a company which distributes giant screen television, video equipment, and electronic games. Frank A. Saunders, staff vice president for corporate relations and communications of Philip Morris, Inc. 1980 Summer Olympics White House Statement on the International Olympic Committee Decision To Hold the Games in Moscow. February 12, 1980 We regret the decision of the International Olympic Committee to conduct the 1980 Summer Olympic games in Moscow, and rejecting the proposal of the United States Olympic Committee to transfer, postpone, or cancel the games. Under these circumstances neither the President, the Congress, nor the American people can support the sending of the United States team to Moscow this summer. The President urges the United States Olympic Committee to reach a prompt decision against sending its team to the games. The United States is working with a number of other like-minded governments to take similar action and to consider the practicability of conducting 305 Feb. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 other international games for the teams which do not go to Moscow. Richard Starr Statement on the Release of the Peace Corps Volunteer Held Hostage by Colombian Terrorists. February 13, 1980 Richard Starr went to Colombia to share both his knowledge and his concern for the people of that developing country. He wanted to share his skills as a botanist. He wanted to share his energies. He wanted to share his hopes. In joining the Peace Corps, Richard demonstrated the same caliber of commitment that has characterized thousands of others before him. But he had to pay a special sacrifice for his commitment. Three years ago, while working at his job, he was kidnaped by a Colombian terrorist group and for these 3 years has been held captive by this group. Richard is a remarkable American. It is good to have him home with us again. I know that it is a particular joy for Richard's family, which has had to share his long ordeal. Rosalynn and I, along with Congressman Al Swift, have been aware of their suffering as we have worked to bring this ordeal to an end. On behalf of the American people, I would like to thank Richard for his service as a Peace Corps volunteer. I want him and his family to know that his country admires his service and appreciates his extraordinary ordeal. I am proud of Richard Starr, my fellow American. I wish him much success in his future endeavors. I also want to thank the Government of Colombia for its cooperation and assistance. International Labor Organization Statement on the U.S. Decision To Rejoin the Organization. February 13, 1980 Two years ago I directed that the United States withdraw from membership in the International Labor Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations, because it had strayed too far from its fundamental principles and purposes. In particular, our withdrawal was an expression of our growing concern over a number of trends that weakened the ability of the ILO to carry out its basic mission. Those trends included the erosion of the independence of employer and worker delegates attending ILO conferences, the relative immunity of certain countries from criticism for violating workers' human rights, the growing disregard within the ILO of the principles of due process, and the introduction of extraneous political issues into ILO debates. At the time of our withdrawal, I stated that we remained ready to return to the ILO whenever that organization demonstrated respect for its proper principles and procedures. It was my hope that other countries would come to realize that the ILO and other U.N. agencies can only be effective if they are not used for political propaganda purposes. Since then, a majority of ILO members-governments, workers, and employers-have successfully joined together to return the ILO to its original purposes. Through their efforts, steps have been taken to strengthen the independence of employer and worker delegates, undertake investigations of human rights violations in a number of countries, including the Soviet Union, reinforce the principle of due process, and generally reduce the level of politicization in the ILO. 306 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 1 3 I have decided, therefore, that the United States should now rejoin the ILO and work with other members to ensure that the true potential of this organization is realized. This decision has the support of American trade union and employer organizations-the AFL-CIO and the U.S. Council of the International Chamber of Commerce. As a member of the ILO, and with the support of other countries, the United States will seek to ensure that the ILO continues to serve the interests of the world's working men and women by promoting more and better jobs while protecting their human rights and dignity. THE PRESIDENT'S NEWS CONFERENCE OF FEBRUARY 13, 1980 SITUATION IN IRAN THE PRESIDENT. Since the day our Embassy was seized in Tehran, we have had two goals: one, the safety and release of the Americans being held hostage, and the other is the protection of our national interest in this critical area of the world. Since that first day, we have pursued every possibility to achieve these goals. No stone has been left unturned in the search for a solution. Over the past several weeks, our efforts and our activities have become particularly delicate and intense. Recently there have been some positive signs, although experience has taught us to guard against excessive optimism. Since mid-November, we and the Iranian officials have been discussing with Secretary-General Waldheim of the United Nations his proposal to send a commission of inquiry to Tehran. We would support steps by the United Nations that would lead to the release of the hostages if the steps are consistent with our goals and our essential international principles. An appropriate commission with a carefully defined purpose would be a step toward resolution of this crisis. I know that you and the American people will understand that I cannot afford at this delicate time to discuss or to comment further upon any specific efforts that may be underway or any proposals that may be useful in ending this crisis. Thank you. QUESTIONS SHAH OF IRAN Q. You cut me off at the pass. Mr. President, do you think it was proper for the United States to restore the Shah to the throne in 1953 against the popular will within Iran? THE PRESIDENT. That's ancient history, and I don't think it's appropriate or helpful for me to go into the propriety of something that happened 30 years ago. SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY Q. Mr. President, Senator Kennedy appears to have taken off the gloves in his direct contest with you, and today some of your closest associates have seemed to do likewise in rebuttal. I wonder, what is your position: Are you going to turn the other cheek to Senator Kennedy, or do you have a rebuttal to his harsh criticisms of the last few days? THE PRESIDENT. Well, the statement that was made today by the Secretary of State and by others in answer to Senator Kennedy's speech last night and his previous statements, I think, were appropriate. There is no cause to prevent an open discussion and a free debate of the issues in 307 Feb. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 a political forum, on a campaign trail, and in a meeting like this. But there must be bounds of both propriety and accuracy in the presentation of views by a responsible official, including a United States Senator and also including a candidate for the highest office of our country. SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN Q. Mr. President, if the crisis in Afghanistan is real and as serious as you have said it is-if it is, does the U.S. have the military capacity to cope with it, short of using a nuclear weapon? THE PRESIDENT. The crisis is a great one, precipitated by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, for several reasons. First of all, this is a crucial area of the world-to us, to our allies, and to other nations. Twothirds of all the oil exported in the entire world come from the Persian Gulf region. Secondly, it's a highly volatile, rapidly changing, unstable part of the world. Third, the Soviets have been indulging in a steady military buildup over a number of years, which has caused us concern and to which we have reacted since I've been in this office. Fourth, the Soviets-a major departure from anything they've done since the Second World War-have now exhibited a willingness to use their military forces beyond their own borders, in a massive invasion of Afghanistan. The reaction that I have taken to these steps are appropriate and, I believe and hope, adequate. We must convince the Soviet Union, through peaceful means, peaceful means, that they cannot invade an innocent country with impunity and they must suffer the consequences of their action. Everything we've done has been to contribute to stability, moderation, consistency, persistence, and peace. We have taken actions on our own, and we have asked our allies and others to join in with us in the condemnation of the Soviet Union and the demand that the Soviets withdraw from Afghanistan and to convince them that any further adventurism on their part would cause grave consequences to the Soviet Union. In my judgment our forces are adequate. We cannot afford to let the Soviets choose either the terrain or the tactics to be used by any other country-a nation that might be invaded, their neighbors, our allies, or ourselves-if they should persist in their aggressive action. Those judgments would have to be made at the time. But I believe they're adequate. SENATOR KENNEDY Q. Mr. President, I'd like you to respond directly to two of Senator Kennedy's criticisms. One, he says that you rejected the idea of this commission with Iran until just recently. And two, he says that Afghanistan might not have happened if you'd paid more attention to the signs and had been more resolute in advance; he says the Russians might not have invaded Afghanistan. THE PRESIDENT. It's not my inclination to respond to every allegation, erroneous allegation, that Senator Kennedy has made, but what you've asked is typical of what causes me the deepest concern. First of all, his statements have not been true, they've not been accurate, and they've not been responsible, and they've not helped our country. When the hostages were originally seized-an act of international violence contradicting every norm of diplomacy and international law-Senator Kennedy insinuated that because we had given medical treatment to the Shah, that somehow the seizure of our own hostages was not the fault of the terrorists who took 308 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 13 them, but the fault of the United States. Senator Kennedy has also said that the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union was not only not very serious but that somehow or another the Soviets were not the culpable party, but the United States was at fault and somehow caused or contributed to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. And more recently he has insinuatedagain, falsely-that some action or lack of action on my part or the United States part had perpetuated the incarceration of the American hostages. This thrust of what he's said throughout the last few weeks is very damaging to our country, and to the establishment of our principles and the maintenance of them, and the achieving of our goals to keep the peace and to get our hostages released. SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN Q. Mr. President, in Afghanistan again, sir, what kind of regime would be acceptable to you? The Russians have said that if they withdraw, they would leave-I think have left the indication that they would leave a puppet regime. Would you insist on a neutralist regime, or what ideas have you on it? THE PRESIDENT. What we would like to have, first of all, is a Soviet withdrawal and a commitment, that might be verified and carried out, that the Soviets would not invade another country or use their military forces beyond their borders again to destabilize the peace. We would like to have a neutral country. If there had to be a transition phase during which a neutral and responsible government might be established acceptable to the Afghanistan people, then perhaps some peacekeeping force espoused by the United Nations, maybe comprised of Moslem military troops or otherwise. could be used during that transition phase. But the prime consideration that I have is to make sure that the Soviets know that their invasion is not acceptable, to marshal as much support from other nations of the world as possible, and to prevent any further threat to the peace and the cause of war. I think through strength we can maintain peace. But we've got to be resolute, we've got to be consistent, and our actions have got to be in a tone of long-range, predictable action clearly understood by the Soviet Union. DEFENSE SPENDING Q. Mr. President, you call for an increase of about 5 percent in military defense spending. Some Members of Congress have suggested that that might be too small, given the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. Would you support a plan by Congress to go as far as doubling the current 5-percent increase in military spending? THE PRESIDENT. Ever since the first year I've been President, we've had a substantial and steady increase in spending for defense, because I recognized that we had some defects in our defense capability when I became President. I might add, in complete accuracy, that President Ford had initiated this buildup shortly before he went out of office. It's one I've continued. In my opinion, the military budget that we have presented to the Congress in recent weeks is the appropriate level of expenditures. It's very carefully matched to how rapidly we can purchase and develop weapons and accurately matched to the ultimate goals of deployment of our troops, the mobility of our troops, and the interrelationship with our allies. 309 Feb. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I'm not saying that there would be no fine tuning or some modification to the budget that wouldn't be acceptable to me, but I would resist very strongly any effort-as has been proposed just recentlyto cut the defense budget below what I proposed. PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN Q. Mr. President, when you say that Senator Kennedy-that his statements have not been accurate, responsible, and that they've not helped our country, and when he and his aides say that your own campaign has been misleading and negative and taking cheap shots, how can that do anything but further and bitterly divide the Democrats? And aren't you both helping Republicans in the general election? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I might point out to you that I'm an incumbent Democratic President. I didn't ask for a challenger-[laughter]-but have no aversion to a campaign, as was indicated by my opening statement and is further confirmed by the fact that I have to negotiate with many other leaders around the world, including carrying out the principles of the Mideast peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, put into effect very complicated proposals like the grain embargo and a restraint on shipments of high technology equipment to the Soviet Union and the implementation of our commitment that athletes should not go to Moscow to participate in the Olympics as long as Soviet invasion troops are in Afghanistan. These kinds of things are very time-consuming to me. I'm a campaigner; I'm a candidate. I've had some success in politics as an active campaigner. And it would obviously be much better for me to be on the campaign trail in Minnesota or New Hampshire than to be closed up here in the White House dealing with these issues that I consider to be of paramount importance. And I look forward to the time when the hostages are released and I can go out and campaign actively and recruit votes and delegates to my cause. But I have no aversion to the issues being discussed, and I think, as has already been pointed out in this press conference, there are sharp, identifiable, wellknown differences between me and the Senator, that have been clearly expressed by me from the White House and also have been expressed by him out in the different parts of the country. I might say additionally that I have not secluded myself. In the last 2 months I have had cross-examination by news people, open forums. I've made a major speech on the State of the Union and others. I've not hidden my positions at all. My proposals have been very clear. But I look forward to the time when I can campaign without restraint and I can take care of the other issues, if the American hostages are released. I might add one other personal point. We cannot lessen the commitment of the American people that a crisis does indeed exist as long as 50 innocent Americans are being held hostage by kidnapers. Some attenuation or lowering of the focused attention on the hostages is inevitable, but I, as President, have got to maintain the accurate image that we do have a crisis which I will not ignore until those hostages are released. I want the American people to know it, I want the Iranians to know it, I want the hostages' families and the hostages to know it, I want the world to know that I am not going to resume business as usual as a partisan campaigner out on the campaign trail until our hostages are back here, free and at home. 310 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 13 CAMPAIGN DEBATES Q. Mr. President, Senator Kennedy has made your decision not to debate a major campaign issue. I wonder if you could clarify for the record when you might be willing to debate. If the hostages are released, would you be willing to debate then, or would you want to wait until the Soviets leave Afghanistan? Do you think you will debate your Democratic challengers before the general election in the fall? THE PRESIDENT. As I've just said, when the hostages are released, I would resume normal campaigning. Whether or not or when a debate would be appropriate would have to be decided in the future, when I assess the invitations received and the circumstances prevailing then. GOVERNMENT LOANS TO CORPORATIONS Q. Mr. President, this is an issue on which you and Senator Kennedy agree, and that's the bailout of Chrysler. Now, you know President Nixon bailed out Lockheed, ostensibly to take care of the corporation. That's a traditional Republican ally. Some of your aides indicate that you were more concerned about union jobs at Chrysler. My question goes, though, that both Republican and Democratic administrations and Senator Kennedy are-this is on the road to socialism, government support, aid, subsidies for these very large corporations; this should be a repugnant trend in our society of free enterprise. Do you favor Congress studying this issue, drawing a line on this issue, or with each corporation-especially in a recession or this threatened recession, further failuresmore policies of subsidies, of bailouts for these major corporations? THE PRESIDENT. No, I wouldn't adopt it as a policy that we would pursue time after time after time. But I did strongly support the legislation passed to guarantee loans for Chrysler provided they got adequate financing to match what the Government effort would be. In my judgment the Government loan would be secure. It would require Chrysler to take corrective action and to get financing elsewhere, and required a substantial contribution from the workers in Chrysler to make sure that Chrysler was financially able to proceed as a viable corporation. When that legislation was put on my desk, I signed it with enthusiasm. 1980 SUMMER OLYMPICS Q. Mr. President, you have said, sir, that the Soviets have to be made to pay a price for invading Afghanistan, and your counsel has said that our boycott of the Olympics is not intended to be punitive. How do you explain the seeming difference between these two positions? THE PRESIDENT. We have no desire to use the Olympics to punish, except the Soviets attach a major degree of importance to the holding of the Olympics in the Soviet Union. In their own propaganda material they claim that the willingness of the International Olympics Committee to let the games be held in Moscow is an endorsement of the foreign policy and the peace-loving nature of the Soviet Union. To me it's unconscionable for any nation to send athletes to the capital of a nation under the aegis of the Olympics when that nation, that host nation, is actively involved in the invasion of and the subjugation of innocent people. And so, for that reason, I don't believe that we are at all obligated to send our athletes to Moscow. 311 Feb. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 And I would like to repeat, if the Soviet Union does not withdraw its troops from Afghanistan by the 20th of this month, then neither I nor the American people nor the Congress will support the sending of an Olympic team to Moscow this summer. SELECTIVE SERVICE REGISTRATION Q. Mr. President, do you believe that draft-age youth are overreacting to your registration policy with their fears that this will directly lead to the draft? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think they're overreacting. I have not called for and do not anticipate calling for a draft. The best way to prevent having a draft in the future and mobilization of our Nation's efforts, both natural and human efforts, is to be prepared. The registration which I have called for, and which I am sure the Congress will approve, will permit us to save 90 to 100 days, weeks or even months, in a mobilization effort, if it should be called for in the future. We are not advocating the draft; we are advocating registration for a draft. I might point out, too, that this will marshal an additional discussion and commitment among the American people and a realization that the peace is threatened and that everything that I am trying to do, working with the Congress and others, is to take peaceful action, preventive action, to prevent the Soviets taking further steps that might lead to a war. Fifty-five other countries in the world that I know about, including most of our major allies, not only have registration but have the active, ongoing draft, and this includes countries like Mexico, Germany, France, Norway, Belgium, Switzerland. Many other countries, 55 of them, have the actual draft. I'm not advocating a draft. So, there has been a gross over reaction. And I think that registration for the draft will help us in other ways that I need not detail, in concert. 19 8 0 SUMMER OLYMPICS Q. Mr. President, if the Soviets by any chance should remove their troops from Afghanistan between February 20 and May 24, when the Olympic committees have to give their decisions, is there any possibility you might change your mind and then support sending the American team to Moscow? THE PRESIDENT. I don't see any possibility of that. YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING Q. Mr. President, your $2 billion youth budget employment program has only $3 million [$300 million] requested for employment in 1981, and $900 million will go for training of these children through the schools that have already passed over these children. And this budget will not become fully operational until 1982. So, isn't this budget deceptive and misleading, as the Black Caucus says? THE PRESIDENT. No, it's not. I believe it's accurate to say that the Labor Department and the Education Department will be moving to implement the youth employment program as rapidly as we possibly can. It won't be a lack of money appropriated by the Congress that will slow down the process at all. I'd like to point out that in the last 3 years we've had notable success in improving the employment situation.. We've had an annual growth in employment of 3V/2 percent per year since I've been in the White House as President. We've added 9 million new jobs, and of the people who've got new jobs, we've had 50 percent more new jobs for minorities than 312 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 13 we have for all other people who've benefited from our employment programs. So, I think the narrow focusing of the new program on youth and also on minority youth will be a major boon to those who have been deprived too much in the past because of unemployment. It's certainly not misleading and would be implemented as rapidly as the bureaucracy can function, as employers can be identified, and as the training can be provided for these young people who want jobs, but in the past have not been able to get them. U.S. RELATIONS WITH ALLIES Q. Mr. President, as you know, the French have not agreed to go to a Foreign Ministers conference in Rome later this month. The West Germans have not agreed to the Olympic boycott, and there's been some dissatisfaction, I understand, with your administration's reaction to the Japanese. Have you been entirely satisfied with the Japanese, the French, and the West German reactions to your call for punishment and sanctions against the Soviet Union? THE PRESIDENT. In general, I have been well pleased, yes. There's a remarkable degree of unanimity among all our major allies about the seriousness of the Soviet threat into Afghanistan and the actions that must be taken to counter that threat and prevent further aggression by the Soviet Union. There are nuances of difference. The countries are different; they have different perspectives; they have different forms of government. Some are coalition governments where the Prime Minister has a different party represented in his Foreign Minister and so forth. We do have times when we get aggravated and displeased, for instance, with the French. There are times when the French get aggravated and displeased by us. The recent disagreement on exactly the time and the composition and the secrecy to be maintained by the Foreign Ministers meeting was unfortunate. My understanding of it was derived from a telephone conversation with Chancellor Schmidt after he met several days with President Giscard d'Estaing. My understanding was that the date and the place had been arranged by them and that I was conforming to their request. That was not the same understanding that the French had. We did not communicate adequately. But that's just a minor difference compared to the major agreements on which we base present and future policy among us allies. EDUCATION OF PUBLIC ABOUT MILITARY SERVICE Q. Sir, I wonder if you think that we really need a national effort to try to make people better informed about their need for cooperation to fill these vacancies in the military. THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we do need, I think, a better education for this purpose. We've got-as you know, now about 8 percent of our military forces are comprised of women. And we anticipate, with no changes in present circumstances, that in 5 years, by 1985, we'll increase that by 50 percent, to 12 percent of our total Armed Forces. Women now fill about 95 percent of the different kinds of billets that we have available in all our Armed Forces combined. I think many people believe that we're going to a draft soon. We have no intention or need for implementing the draft. Some people believe that I've advocated the use of women in combat. I have no intention of advocating to the Congress and 313 -i. ~arrp-~ —EE-I- _ ----- -.-Yl-ir S Feb. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the Congress would never approve any legislation that would permit women to engage in actual combat. So, the need to educate people about what our proposals might be is real, and I believe that when the Congress starts debating this issue, as we decide details about the program for registration, that will create new opportunities for people to understand it better. ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM AND OIL PRICES Q. Mr. President, the goals of your antiinflation program, as incorporated within the voluntary wage and price guidelines, attempt to hold down prices, including those charged by oil companies here. However, these goals appear to conflict with the goals of your energy program, which are to conserve oil and relieve our reliance on foreign oil through allowing the prices of gasoline, heating oil, and diesel fuel to rise. Does your administration, sir, have plans to deal with this conflict, and do these plans include excluding oil company prices and profits from the anti-inflation guidelines? THE PRESIDENT. There is no doubt that there are many conflicts that presently exist in our very confused energy situation. What we need is a final action by the Congress on the legislative proposals that I have made to them that will give us, for the first time in history, a comprehensive, clear, understandable, legal energy policy. There are only two ways that we can reduce imports of foreign oil: One is to increase production in our own country, energy of all kinds; and secondly, to improve conservation, to cut out waste. In my judgment the artificial holding down, by subsidies and otherwise, of the price of oil conflicts with both these principles, because if oil is excessively cheap, financed by the general public, then that means that the people use too much of it and prob ably waste some. And also, it prevents competitive forms of energy, like solar power, for instance, from being developed, because solar power has to compete with an excessively cheap price of oil. There is no doubt-I don't want to mislead anybody-that everywhere in the world, oil prices and general energy prices have been going up, and there is no doubt that in the future those prices will continue to go up. But every American will be benefited if we cut out waste, continue to conserve, produce more energy here at home, and shift to more plentiful supplies of energy, particularly those that are replenishable, that come directly from the Sun. I might point out that the American people, as the result of partially implementing our new energy policy, have been conserving energy very well. We import now about a million barrels a day of foreign oil less than we did the day I was inaugurated. And in this last year alone, we've cut down consumption of energy overall about 5 percent; gasoline in December was 10 percent less consumed than December a year ago. We've got a long way to go. But the American consciousness had to be built up that there is indeed an energy crisis; that we do indeed, as you point out so wisely, have major conflicts in our programs in the past that prevented progress; and we need a clear and consistent, well-understood policy to put into effect in our country. EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT Q. Mr. President, is it the policy of your administration to boycott, wherever possible, States that have not ratified ERA? I'm referring to a memo thatTHE PRESIDENT. No, that's not my policy. 314 Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980 Feb. 14 U.S. POLICY TOWARD YUGOSLAVIA Q. Mr. President, you once said that you weren't sure whether American troops should ever be used to defend Yugoslavia. Marshal Tito is sick. In light of Afghanistan, do you still feel that way? THE PRESIDENT. We have had close discussions with the Yugoslavian leaders, including Marshal Tito when he was here not too long ago. The overall message that they give to us, which I accept as accurate, is that Yugoslavia is a strong, fiercely independent, courageous, well-equipped nation that can defend itself. If we are called upon to give any kind of aid to the Yugoslavian people in the future, we would seriously consider it and do what, in our opinion, would be best for them and for us. I've had frequent conversations recently with other major European leaders about the need to strengthen our ties with Yugoslavia and to protect them as a nonaligned country, without being dominated or threatened successfully by the Soviet Union. We'll take whatever action is necessary to carry out those goals, but commensurate with actual need and commensurate with specific requests from Yugoslavia itself. FRANK CORMIER [Associated Press]. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President's fifty-fourth news conference began at 8 p.m. in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. It was broadcast live on radio and television. Department of Education Nomination of Betsy Levin To Be General Counsel. February 14, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Betsy Levin, of Chapel Hill, N.C., to be General Counsel of the Department of Education, a new position. Levin has been a professor at Duke University School of Law since 1976. She teaches courses in the organization, financing, and governance of public schools; State and local government; and constitutional law. She was born December 25, 1935, in Baltimore, Md. She received an A.B. from Bryn Mawr College in 1956 and an LL.B. from Yale Law School in 1966. From 1956 to 1966, Levin was a research geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. From 1966 to 1967, she was law clerk to Judge Simon E. Sobeloff of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. From 1967 to 1968, she was a White House Fellow and served as special assistant to thenRepresentative to the United Nations Arthur J. Goldberg. From 1968 to 1970, Levin was on the senior research staff of the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C., and from 1970 to 1973, she was director of education studies for the Urban Institute. From 1971 to 1973, she was an adjunct professor of law at Georgetown University Law School. Levin was an associate professor of law at Duke Law School from 1973 to 1975 and has been a professor since 1976. In 1977 she was on leave from Duke to serve as senior associate with the Educational Equity Group at the National Institute of Education (NIE). Levin is chairman of NIE's subcommittee on law and governance of the school finance task force. She is a member of the advisory committee of the Education Finance Center, Education Commission of the States. She is the author of numerous publications on school finance and other aspects of education and law. 315 Feb. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Nomination of John L. Palmer To Be an Assistant Secretary. February 14, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate John L. Palmer, of Great Falls, Va., to be an Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. He would replace Benjamin Heineman, resigned, and his area of responsibility would be planning and evaluation. Palmer has been Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of HEW for planning and evaluation since 1979. He was born April 10, 1943, in Upper Darby, Pa. He received a B.A. from Williams College in 1965 and a Ph. D. in economics from Stanford University in 1970. In 1968 Palmer was a research associate at the University of Wisconsin's Institute for Research on Poverty, and from 1969 to 1971, he was a research associate at Stanford University's Institute for Public Policy Analysis and an assistant professor of economics. From 1971 to 1973, Palmer was senior staff economist in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of HEW for Planning and Evaluation. From 1973 to 1975, he was Director of the Office of Income Security Policy at HEW. From 1975 to 1978, he was a senior fellow in the economic studies program at the Brookings Institution. Palmer has served as a consultant to various government agencies and private foundations and as chairman of the National Conference on Social Welfare's task force on income security policy. He was a member of the Committee on Evaluation of Federal Poverty Research of the National Research Council and is the author of numerous publications. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Nomination of Cesar A. Perales To Be an Assistant Secretary. February 14, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Cesar A. Perales, of Brooklyn, N.Y., to be an Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. He would replace Arabella Martinez, resigned, and his area of responsibility would be human development services. Perales has been principal regional official in HEW's New York City regional office since 1977. He was born November 12, 1940, in New York City. He received a B.A. from City College of New York in 1962 and an LL.B. from Fordham University Law School in 1965. From 1965 to 1966, Perales practiced law with the firm of Antonio C. Martinez, Esq. He was a staff attorney with Mobilization for Youth, Inc., from 1966 to 1968 and attorney in charge of Williamsburg Neighborhood Legal Services from 1968 to 1969. From 1969 to 1970, he was associate general counsel of Community Action for Legal Services, Inc. Perales was general counsel for the Model Cities Administration in New York City from 1970 to 1972. From 1972 to 1974, he was executive director of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund. From 1974 to 1975, he was project director of the decentralized bilingual criminal court feasibility study done by P.R.C. Metronamics. From 1975 to 1976, Perales practiced law in Brooklyn. From 1976 to 1977, he was director of the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council. He has served as an adjunct professor of political science at Long Island Uni 316 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 14 versity and as an adjunct lecturer at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. United States Court of Military Appeals Nomination of Robinson O. Everett To Be a Judge. February 14,1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Robinson O. Everett, of Durham, N.C., to be a judge of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals. He would replace Matthew Perry, resigned. Everett has been a professor at the Duke University Law School since 1955 and has practiced law in Durham since 1955. He was born March 18, 1928, in Durham. He received an A.B. (1947) and J.D. (1950) from Harvard University and an LL.M. from Duke University in 1959. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 1951 to 1953. From 1953 to 1955, Everett was a Commissioner of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals. Since 1955 he has practiced law with the firm of Everett, Everett, Creech, and Craven, with offices in Durham and Raleigh, N.C., and in Washington, D.C. As a professor at Duke University, since 1956 he has taught courses in criminal procedures and criminal law. From 1961 to 1964, Everett was counsel to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, and from 1964 to 1966, he was a consultant to that subcommittee. During this period he worked on hearings and research which led to proposals that were incorporated into the Military Justice Act of 1968. Everett is a commissioner of the Na tional Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. He is the author of the book "Military Justice in the Armed Forces of the United States" and of numerous articles on military law. Federal Territorial Policy Message to the Congress Announcing Legislative Proposals and Administrative Actions. February 14, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am announcing today the framework for a comprehensive Federal territorial policy towards Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands. It strengthens our Nation's fundamental commitment to encourage the self-determined political, economic and social development of our territories. The legislative proposals and executive actions that make up the basic elements of this policy were developed through an intensive Domestic Policy Review of current policy conducted by my Administration in consultation with territorial leaders and Members of Congress. A number of developments precipitated this review: -Congressional leaders and Administration officials have joined territorial residents in concern about inadequate economic development in the territories; -Growing deficits have brought both Guam and the Virgin Islands close to insolvency, despite considerable Federal assistance; -Territorial income tax revenues, as a percentage of gross territorial product, have dropped substantially; 317 Feb. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -Some territories are having increasing difficulty in providing essential public services. This failure impairs the quality of life of their populations, inhibits economic expansion, and leads to requests for extraordinary Federal support; -The territories have been confronted with new social problems which have reached near-crisis proportions in some instances; -Federal policies toward the territories are often inconsistent, inappropriate, or confusing, exacerbating problems and frustrating well-intentioned programs; and -The government and the administration of the territories have changed considerably over the last decade, creating the need for a reconsideration of organizational arrangements within the Executive Branch and possibly status. Over the past several years, the Federal government has attempted to rectify many of the pressing problems facing the territories. In many cases, however, the piecemeal solutions devised have failed to clear up the underlying causes of those problems. While some Federal actions have contributed to the development of the territories, others have not promoted the greater self-sufficiency to which they justly aspire. Our new policy is significant not only because of the scope of the individual initiatives it proposes; it is also significant because it is comprehensive. The interrelated elements of this policy seek to improve the full range of the Federalterritorial relationship. Because the Congress is mandated plenary power for the territories by the Constitution, I ask that you join my Administration in adopting and implementing this comprehensive policy. Through legislation and the exercise of oversight responsibility, the Congress can ensure that the policy goals I outline here are realized. They include: -detailing a procedure for the orderly political development of the territories; -providing opportunity for and a stimulus to their economic growth; -rationalizing the existing Federalterritorial financial relationship and improving local financial management; -enhancing territorial treatment under Federal programs; and -elevating the Federal organization for dealing with territorial matters. I especially want to request the involvement of those Members of both Houses and of both parties who have shown consistent leadership and sensitivity on territorial issues: Senators Jackson, Johnston, Matsunaga, McClure, Stevens and Hatfield; Representatives Phillip Burton, Yates, Murphy, Clausen, Lagomarsino, Duncan; and Delegate Won Pat. Their views have been essential to the development of this policy and their help is essential for its implementation. They know that we in Washington have an obligation to protect and nurture the unique cultures and fragile economies of these islands, which are so distinct from the rest of the Nation in terms of history, geography, economic potential, tradition and ethnic composition. Our goal should be to recognize these distinctions as assets rather than to expect the territories to conform to practices and policies designed for the States and often inapplicable to insular areas. That is why this policy was not simply adopted in Washington for the territories; it was formulated in conjunction with the elected officials of the territories whose input was obtained at every stage and played a major role in shaping this policy. 318 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 14 EXECUTIVE BRANCH REORGANIZATION To implement the initiatives I announce today, I will continue to rely upon the Department of the Interior, which for some time has had principal responsibility within the Executive Branch for territorial matters. To help it perform this function, I propose the following reorganization steps: -the Secretary of the Interior will be given clear responsibility for all matters related to the territories and will be accorded increased support from other agencies and the White House staff; -the office charged with territorial liaison and assistance responsibility will be enhanced organizationally to help it deliver the services expected of it and will be headed by a new Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Territorial and International Affairs; and -to further ensure a coordinated Federal effort, territorial matters will be among the major responsibilities of a senior assistant on my Domestic Policy Staff. These measures will improve the attention given the territories. They will make explicit Interior's responsibilities for the Northern Mariana Islands but will not change the Department's responsibilities for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands prior to the termination of the Trusteeship. The organizational arrangements for handling United States relations with the freely associated States of Micronesia after termination of the Trusteeship, however, will not be determined until the final character of our responsibilities with regard to those island States is fully defined through the agreements now being negotiated. The present policy of assigning no one department specific responsibility for liai son and assistance to Puerto Rico will continue until the government of that island requests such an assignment. Under this reorganization, the Federal Comptrollers will continue to provide the territories with technical assistance and to perform their traditional and essential auditing function. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT In keeping with our fundamental policy of self-determination, all options for political development should be open to the people of the insular territories so long as their choices are implemented when economically feasible and in a manner that does not compromise the national security of the United States. If the people of any of the territories wish to modify their current political status, they should express their aspirations to the Secretary of the Interior through their elected leaders, as is the case now. The Secretary, along with representatives of the appropriate Federal agencies, will in turn, consult with territorial leaders on the issues raised. Following such discussions, a full report will be submitted to the Congress, along with the Secretary's proposals and recommendations. This procedure will permit an orderly development of the Federal-territorial relationship. To maximize local self-determination, however, I want to encourage the people of Guam and the Virgin Islands to continue in the constitution-drafting process. By doing so, they will in due course replace the Federal laws under which their local governments now function with instruments of their own design. The Secretary of the Interior will also make recommendations to me on the other proposals for political development considered during the Administration's 319 Feb. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Domestic Policy Review, including: Federal court reform in Guam and the Virgin Islands, Congressional representation for the Northern Mariana Islands, and other changes in current law. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Attainment of the political aspirations of the people of the territories, as well as the quality of their lives, is vitally dependent on the economic viability of these insular areas. Therefore, this policy framework places special emphasis on furthering the economic development of each of these areas. As with other aspects of this policy, the Department of the Interior will be given new responsibilities to accomplish this end. Chief among these will be coordination of the work of the Federal government's economic development agencies with respect to the territories. So that we may make sense out of the somewhat confused pattern of Federal laws that now apply or fail to apply to the territories, I will propose legislation to establish a Presidential Commission to examine the application of Federal statutes on a case by case basis to Guam, the Virgin Islands and American Samoa. On this Commission, representatives of each of the territories would join Federal legislative and executive respresentatives in recommending legislation to the President for his submission to Congress. The Commission would not examine the applicability of Federal laws to the Northern Mariana Islands because our Covenant with that Commonwealth stipulates the appointment of a separate commission for that purpose. I will shortly appoint members to that Commission. I will also direct the Department of the Interior, with the assistance of Federal 320 economic development agencies, to undertake an analysis of Federal constraints on territorial economic expansion. This study will provide information and policy guidelines for the Commissions on Federal laws and will propose concrete action to remove administratively-imposed constraints. I have, further, directed the Secretary of the Interior to devise methods of encouraging private sector development in the territories by providing technical training and public and private financing assistance. Again, in this effort the Secretary of the Interior will coordinate the involvement of all relevant agencies, particularly the Economic Development Administration of the Department of Commerce, which I expect to play a major role in fostering the growth of the private sector in the territories. CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT Federal constraints, the need for technical assistance and training, and the lack of local venture capital are not the only factors inhibiting private sector growth in the territories. There is also a serious need to develop and maintain the basic capital infrastructure to meet business and human requirements. In many of the islands, meaningful economic growth-as well as a decent standard of living-will be an unattainable dream unless elementary facilities are constructed. My 1981 Budget recognizes this fact. In it I have proposed substantial Federal support for several essential capital improvement projects. The funding level proposed would have the Federal government finance 90 percent of the cost of these projects. This method of cost-sharing of capital improvement projects in the territories is a major element of the terri A' Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 14 torial assistance proposals I announce today. I urge that it be standardized until the territories become sound enough financially to assume a greater portion of the cost of needed projects. JOINT FEDERAL-TERRITORIAL PLANNING To plan and set priorities for territorial capital development, my Administration will propose a program for joint Federalterritorial, comprehensive, multi-year planning, financed by Federal grants. This planning will serve other purposes as well. It will help to improve the effectiveness of Federal grant programs in the territories and it will assist the territories to better manage their finances. FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS Several other initiatives will be undertaken by my Administration to enhance the effectiveness and usefulness of Federal grant programs, including: -encouragement to territorial governors to strengthen their grant coordinating units and to participate in joint planning efforts, -a directive to all Federal agencies to keep the Department of the Interior informed of all grant applications and decisions affecting the territories and to provide it with data related to the applications and the programs to which they apply, -a waiver of matching requirements for programs or projects the Federal government wants to encourage in the territories, and -development of a test proposal to provide the territories with block grants replacing the categorical grants-in-aid which the territories find increasingly difficult to administer effectively. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE The initiatives I propose to ameliorate territorial financial difficulties are part of a major revision of the financial relationship between Washington and the territories. This change is designed to promote greater self-reliance in the territories. It recognizes that somewhat greater levels of assistance are required in the short run to enable the territories to be more selfsufficient in the long run. It focuses on capital improvements, economic development, and gradually increasing territorial contributions to the funding of local programs and projects. Thus, while my Administration will continue to oppose measures that provide a disincentive to prudent budget practices-such as the financing of deficit spending-I will submit legislation designed to enable Guam and the Virgin Islands to alleviate immediate and nearterm budgetary pressures while improving their financial management practices. This proposal is expected to provide an additional $25 million in financial aid to the two territories in Fiscal Year 1981, as well as to provide an incentive toward greater local tax effort. It will be accompanied by assistance designed to improve budget-making and planning in the territories. It will make continued additional Federal support contingent on sound budgeting and accounting practices, including a plan to eliminate accumulated deficits. My 1981 Budget proposes a continuance of significant Federal support for American Samoa and budgetary support for the Northern Mariana Islands as required by the Covenant. Both will also be able to participate in our program of budget planning assistance. As an incentive to 321 -11 ---"'-"11" —^-C-~-~-~ ----~ ---~i(l Feb. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 self-reliance in American Samoa, I propose that in the future our operational assistance to that territory be limited to the previous year's base plus a five percent inflation adjustment. To increase territorial revenues, I propose that we fully extend the Internal Revenue Code, now limited to the States and the District of Columbia, to the territories. I will submit legislation similar to S. 2017, sponsored by Senator Johnston, that will replace the so-called "mirror" systems of income taxation imposed by Federal law and eliminate restrictions on the local imposition of a local income tax. This measure would provide the territories with many advantages in addition to according them State-like Federal income tax treatment. Collections by the Internal Revenue Service would be covered over to territorial treasuries for an anticipated significant net gain. Anomalies in current tax laws would be eliminated, encouraging business activity and increasing collections. Employees of territorial tax agencies would be given preference in hiring for Internal Revenue Service positions in their territories. And the legislation would create new incentives for business investment. As I noted at the outset, the legislative proposals and administrative actions that make up this policy framework seek to reaffirm our fundamental commitment to self-determination. They recognize as well our unique relationships with the territories and our special obligations to their peoples. This comprehensive territorial policy will enhance the political, economic and social development of those territories to which we owe so much and which need our assistance. Territorial Americans can rest assured that we will pursue this new policy with diligence and perseverance. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 14, 1980. World Trade Week, 1980 Proclamation 4722. February 14, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The United States has set out with vigor and determination to implement the historic trade agreements concluded in the Tokyo Round of the Multilateral Trade Negotiations. The Administration has conducted a major reorganization of the Federal Government's trade functions in order to take greater advantage of the opportunities these agreements offer. The 1980s begin to emerge as a time both of challenge and renaissance in the world of international commerce. They will be America's decade for trade. Expanded world trade contributes to the growth of economies throughout the world and opens new avenues of cooperation that serve us in our quest for peace and human rights. Increased U.S. exports will mean more jobs for American workers, new markets for American business, more secure income for American farmers, a strengthened American dollar and lower costs for American consumers. Trade promotes our economic health and moves us closer to our goal of a prosperous and secure America at peace with the world. 322 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 15 Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning May 18, 1980, as World Trade Week, and I request all Americans to cooperate in observing that week by participating with the business community and all levels of Government in activities that emphasize the importance of world trade to the United States economy and to our relations with other nations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:28 a.m., February 15, 1980] John Day River in Oregon Message to the Congress Transmitting a Wild and Scenic River Study. February 15, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: Pursuant to Section 4(a) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (P.L. 90-542), I am transmitting the Wild and Scenic River Study of the John Day River in Oregon. The study was prepared by the Department of the Interior. The study finds that the entire 147 mile study segment of the river qualifies for addition to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System as a scenic river. The State of Oregon has already acted -to protect this river under its Scenic Waterways System. For this reason, the study recommends that the river be added to the national system as a State-administered component. The Secretary of the Interior has indicated his willingness to add the river to the national system as soon as the Governor of Oregon requests that it be added, pursuant to Section 2 (a) (ii) of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. I support the recommendations of the study. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 15, 1980. Board for International Food and Agricultural Development Appointment of Four Members and Designation of Chairman. February 15, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of four persons as members of the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development for 3-year terms. They are: C. Peter McGrath, president of the University of Minnesota and professor of political science there. He is a specialist in American government. Harold Frank Robinson, chancellor of Western Carolina University. He is a specialist in genetics and plant breeding and has served as Executive Director of the President's Science Advisory Committee Panel on the World Food Supply. Clifton R. Wharton, Jr., chancellor of the State University of New York, for reappointment. He is a specialist in economic development, higher education, and U.S. foreign policy and has served as a foundation official helping developing nations, particularly in agriculture. E. T. York, chancellor of the State University system of Florida. He was formerly vice president for agricultural affairs at the University of Florida and serves as 323 Feb. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 chairman of the Division of Agriculture, National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, and as a member of the National Agricultural Research Policy Advisory Committee. The President also announced that he has designated Wharton as Chairman of this Board. Meeting With Student Leaders Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session. February 15, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. First of all, let me welcome you to the White House and to an opportunity for us to let you know what is going on in our own administration and for you to give us advice on what our administration ought to do in the future. I understand you've had good meetings with my staff members and others. This is very helpful to us and, I hope, to you. I'd like to say just a few words from the perspective of the Oval Office, as President, undoubtedly repeating some of the points that you have heard during the earlier part of the day. Then I'd like to answer a few questions. And if you all have the time. I would like to stand outside the door and have an individual photograph made with each one of you before you leave. Also, Dr. Brzezinski has informed me that seven or eight of you had expressed a desire to volunteer for the Army. [Laughter] I have an Army recruiting officer out there with me. [Laughter] The ones who don't come through the line-I know you've changed your mind. [Laughter] It is exciting to me to have you here. I know you represent a wide diversity of points of view, geographically and perhaps philosophically. You come from campuses in our Nation that are centers of learning and also an epitome of what the future of our country will be. This is a historic place, as you know. All the Presidents of our Nation have lived here except the first one, George Washington. From John Adams to me, the leaders of our country have lived in this same home. It's a place of excitement, challenge, I think a sober realization of what our Nation is, and a place of great history. Presidents have had to face difficult challenges, difficult times, when our Nation was tested, when questions arose that appeared to have no answer, when obstacles arose that seemed to have no possibility of being surmounted, and when challenges arose that our Nation alone had to meet. Some nations have looked to us for leadership: others have not. Some Presidents have had wide approbation of the public; some have been severely criticized, for different reasons. Woodrow Wilson, one of the greatest of all Presidents, was severely castigated for being an idealist. And he admitted the charge and said that what made him feel like an American was being an idealist, because he felt that as President he should represent the finest ideals of our country, should look to the future as a challenge and an opportunity to realize the hopes and dreams and aspirations not only of a great nation but of individual people who comprised it. He, as all other Presidents have, recognized that our Nation is one of unique diversity. We're a nation that is made up of almost every possible ethnic and religious and racial group in the world. And this is not a cause for weakness or division, but it's a cause or a basis on which our Nation's strength can be mounted, not only in the ties of friendship and kinship that connect us with every other country, friend, or potential adversary but also because we derived in a spirit of unity that 324 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 15 varied competitive strength that comes from that heterogeneity of our populace. We are a nation of freedom, and we are a nation that prides individuality. We are a nation that thrives on difference of opinion, on debate, sometimes on division. We are a nation that looks upon the political process as a sign of potential unity and not permanent divisiveness and weakness. Our country is one that sometimes has to face a difficult issue before other nations face the same issue, because we are strong enough and eager enough to be willing to look to the future without fear or trepidation and because we are in the advanced guard of a cutting edge of society. This is not a detriment for any of us; it's an asset. We're a nation that believes in strength. And our country is the strongest on Earth-militarily, politically, economically, and, I believe, morally and ethically as well. It's a nation that believes in peace, and we recognize that only through strength and unity can we preserve peace. This has not always been a goal which our Nation has been able to achieve. There have been some challenges which - we could not ignore. There have been some mistakes made in the judgment of our leaders. We are not a nation of infallibility. We're a nation of human beings who, because of our differences and because of the fluid nature of our society and because of the challenges which we sometimes meet first-a nation that makes mistakes. But we're also a nation that has a self-correcting mechanism built in. We have weathered the challenges and the disappointments and the mistakes of Vietnam, Watergate, CIA revelations, and have come through still strong, still respected. We're a nation of human rights, not only for our own people, to an increasing degree in each generation, but also a nation that holds high the banner of human rights for others to admire and to emulate. I think the recent challenge to us in the capture of innocent Americans and holding of those Americans in our Embassy in Tehran has exhibited, for the world to see, one basic characteristic of Americans, and that is that 220 million of us, self-satisfied, at ease, blessed with material blessings and security, have been almost devastated in our concern for those 50 people, not famous people or rich people or powerful people, but important people. Not only have we been concerned about their lives but we have been concerned about their freedom. And for us to exhibit a constant, national, almost unanimous concern about those 50 hostages has been a signal to the world that we do indeed practice our concern about the value of an individual life and the right of that person to be free. Afghanistan is an additional unexpected challenge to our country. I think a matter of profound significance-the rest of the world is rallying to the same cause which we have espoused; that is, a public condemnation of the Soviets' unwarranted invasion of that country of Afghanistan and the subjugation of formerly free people under military power. We have responded, along with a tremendous number of other countries, through peaceful means. Every action that we have taken has been designed to enhance peace and to let the Soviets know that they cannot invade an innocent country with impunity. We've not used military power. We have it. What wve've used is economic and political persuasion, joined with other countries in the United Nations and independently of us by Moslem countries assembled in Islamabad who voted 34 to nothing to condemn the 325 Feb. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Soviet Union, in the call for their immediate withdrawal from Afghanistan. There are rapidly changing circumstances in the Persian Gulf, Middle East, Southwest Asian region. It's an unstable region. There is a resurgence, some say a renaissance, of the Islamic religious faith there. People feel very deeply about those beliefs. There are conflicts that have arised from that resurgence, and we are trying to understand and accommodate those. Our basic foreign policy is consistent, sustained, uniform: We respect the rights of others to be different. We want their decisions to be made internally. We would like to see them, as much as possible, honor the rights of individuals who live in their own country, to protect human rights. We have no intention of interceding in the internal affairs of another country, but when there is a threat to world peace or to regional peace, we'd like to add our voice and our strength to the preservation of stability and peace. We've had a good opportunity to exert this influence in the Middle East, in the negotiations that are now ongoing this day between Egypt and Israel. We've helped the British and worked with the British in trying to bring democratic rule and an end of persecution and discrimination in Rhodesia. We're attempting the same thing in Libya. We'd like to see the same thing done in South Africa in the future, as soon as possible, and the end to apartheid, a recognition of the end of racial discrimination. We've kept our ties of friendship with Taiwan, and we've opened up new opportunities for friendship with a billion people or more in the People's Republic of China. We've made good progress-still have a long way to go. In the last 200 years since our Nation was formed, for the first time we are friends with both Japan and China at the same time. There are promising signals to Americans for the future. But my responsibilities are multitudinous and diverse, but the preeminent one is to keep our Nation secure and to keep our Nation at peace. And these two responsibilities are not incompatible. I might say that we don't want other nations to misunderstand us. We don't want there to be a conflict created because of miscalculation. And our Nation has to be strong, and it has to be resolved. There has been a remarkable degree of unity lately in our country, which has been very reassuring to me, reassuring to the people of our country, reassuring to our allies and, I think, a properly cautioning factor in the plans of potential adversaries for the future. We want to control weapons, reduce the threat of nuclear destruction, that all Americans share the responsibility for these purposes. I know it's been a highly volatile question of the registration for the draft. I have no apology to make for it. I think it's a right decision. I know you've had several discussions about this with Dr. Brzezinski, with Stu Eizenstat, and others. In closing let me say this: I'm the leader of our Nation, elected by the people of our country. You yourselves have been elected to positions of leadership. You know the responsibilities that fall on the shoulders of a leader, because your voice represents that of an entire student body. And you know that you have to accommodate conflicting advice, conflicting factors and, with a demonstration of personal courage on occasion and personal strength on occasion, go counter to a trend or an idea or maybe whatever might be popular and make a decision that's best for your college or university and also best for the people who've elected you to office. This 326 - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 15 is a characteristic of our Nation, in a democracy, and it's one that I know you've upheld very well. You've got a great responsibility and a great opportunity, and I'm very proud indeed to have you come to the White House. I would be glad now to answer a few questions for you. Q. President Carter, there's been a lot of discussion about your registration for the draft. But I'd like you to know that there's a big group of us from Texas that intend to support you on that. I'm from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, and I would like to know what effect you think the new Education Department, if any, will have on the private universities in the Nation? THE PRESIDENT. I think it will strengthen the private universities of our country. When I was first involved in political life, I was on the Sumter County School Board in deep south Georgia. It was a time when we were transferring our emphasis from segregated school systems to integrated school systems. Our schools were on the verge of destruction in the Southeast, including Texas. When I went to the Georgia Senate, my only request was that I be put on the Education Committee. And I devoted a lot of my time to help save the school system, the public school system of Georgia, and then became Governor and probably spent 25 percent of my time improving the private and public school structure of our State. We put into effect for the first time when I was Governor a per capita grant to the private colleges of our State to help keep them politically and economically viable. In the Federal Government in the past, the education considerations of all kinds, from Head Start through graduate school, including research and development and everything else, has been buried under health and welfare. Now, for the first time there will be a single. identifiable Cabinet person-it happens to be a womancompetent. and dedicated just to the quality of education in private and public education at every level of the educational process. I don't think there's any doubt it will be an improvement. We also have an additional factor that we can now resolve, and that is a better correlation between the product of our universities and colleges and high schools and grammar schools and vocational and technical schools, on the one hand, and the opportunities for careers that exist within the same community or the same region. In the past wve've not always matched those tw6 verv well. I think we can do that better. So, I have no doubt that in every aspect of education having a separate department with that unique responsibility will be better. Q. President Carter, my name is Jerry Kerwin. I'm the student body president at UCLA. And just the other day you made a comment about students overreacting to the registration plan. A lot of students have been looking at other alternatives-like Congressman McCloskey has a plan in Congress right now which would bring up national service, a plan for that. [Inaudihle]-just brought up other ways to strengthen the military, and there's other things also. I'd like to know if in your staff discussions what are the kinds of things you looked at before deciding to come out with the proposed registration? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we looked at those considerations, and they're still viable. Let me repeat, which I'm sure you have heard often today: We have no plans for the initiation of the draft. We do not need it now. There is no need for 327 Feb. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 our country to be mobilized with the involuntary recruitment of anyone. We are now getting along very well with our voluntary military forces. We are also getting along very well with the voluntary service of young and old people in the Peace Corps, other ACTION programs. There is a constitutional question involved in the involuntary recruitment of people for nonmilitary service; there is a constitutional provision against involuntary servitude. And it would not be constitutionally permissible, according to some lawyers, if we conscripted people for the purpose of rejuvenating communities or solving our energy problem or service in mental health centers or working in hospitals or that sort of thing. So, absent a time of crisis when our Nation was mobilized to defend itself militarily, it would not be feasible, in my opinion, to have the broader based public service as a result of conscription. I think that many of you would consider, though, a formal public service, perhaps early in your professional career, in some of the forms that I've just described. I don't think many of you are likely to go into the military. I wish you would. I was in there for 11 years and enjoyed it and got a lot out of it and ulti-. mately did okay in politics. [Laughter] But there are many other very strong programs. I don't know if you all met with Sam Brown today or not. Did Sam talk to you? Well Sam, as you know, is in charge of our ACTION program, under which comes the Peace Corps and other volunteer service programs. You might want to consider those. But I think voluntarily it would be great; conscription for that purpose would be doubtful of legality or need. Q. My name is Russ Lamp, Wayne State University. We heard the National Security Adviser, Dr. Brzezinski, and the Director of Selective Service make presentations on the world situation, registration, and draft, and so forth. And hearing your position, our school has taken a position in opposition to registration and the draft, and we still hold that. It hasn't been clearly established what the military need is, and I believe the word "preparedness," a rather vague word, has been given as the rationale. We want to say, and I feel I am obligated from my constituency to communicate to you, as you've requested to hear from us, that we're opposed to it, we're concerned about the use of the military and continued prospects for intervention in the Third World-[inaudible]-military force-that is being considered-our policies in-[inaudible]. We're concerned about this, and we're concerned about whether the draft is a way of responding to a war with the Soviet Union, when the prospects of a nuclear war would loom very large. Since those military questions are very serious and haven't been addressed yet, we're concerned and do not agree that registration is appropriate at this time. THE PRESIDENT. I understand. I presume that there was not a question. [Laughter] Right? Q. No, sir. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Okay. Thank you for your comment. Q. My name is Tommy Norman, from Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. And I'd just like to ask something on the new Education Department. What kind of concerns will there be for the black universities and black institutions and their preservation? THE PRESIDENT. All right. I would say that the prime factor that permitted Georgia and Louisiana and other States in the South to change from a segregated 328 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 15 society into an integrated society-with tremendous benefit for the black and white people of our region and the whole Nation, perhaps even the world-has been the strength of the predominantly black colleges, a center for teaching and a center for the enhancement of knowledge about the proper relationship between the different people who live in our country, black and white, particularly in the Southeast. Since I've been in this office, and with my background in the Georgia Senate and the Georgia Governor's office and knowing the Atlanta University complex and our own system in our State, we've done everything we could to strengthen and to preserve the integrity and the character of the predominantly black colleges. We do not want to see the black colleges discriminate against white students who might want to enroll there, and we certainly do not want to see any form of de facto or de jure prohibition against black students who might want to come into and enroll in the predominantly white colleges. But I see a permanent role for predominantly black colleges when they are desired, and we are doing everything we can, formerly under Joe Califano and now under Pat Harris, to protect the strength of the black colleges in the future, under Shirley Hufstedler when the Department of Education comes into being. The black colleges are important to us, and I think as a predominantly black educational institution, they should be preserved if that's the desire of the people in that particular community. Q. Do you feel that the present condemnation by Islamic and Third World nations of the Soviet action in Afghanistan-that the Soviets will try to move further towards the Persian Gulf? And if the answer to that question is no. then why is the registration needed? THE PRESIDENT. All right. It's hard to guess. We did not anticipate the Soviets' move into Afghanistan. This is a radical departure from the policy and actions of the Soviet Union ever since the Second World War. They have moved large troop concentrations into Hungary and Czechoslovakia to put down a resurgent effort by the citizens of those two nations, already dominated by the Soviet Union as a result of territorial acquisition or influence following the Second World War. But this is the first time that the Soviets have ever penetrated a country that was not previously under their domination, with Soviet troops. I think this action did deeply disturb those other countries in the region, who see a possible repetition of this kind of invasive action unless the Soviets are cautioned against moving further and castigated and condemned because of their previous actions. Some of those Moslem countries in Islamabad who condemned the Soviets and called for their immediate withdrawal had formerly been dominated to some degree by the Soviet Union or heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union for economic or military support. And it was an act of great courage on their part to condemn the Soviets and to call for their withdrawal. This was not done because they are relaxed or sure about their own safety in the future; it was done because they are concerned about their own safety in the future. I might point out that our country has got to be a leader. I started to say "the leader." We've got to be a leader. We don't put ourselves in the forefront of the obstacle toward further Soviet invasion. The first line of defense, obviously, is the strength and integrity of the nations who border the Soviet Union, among their 329 Feb. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 own people. They've got to be able and willing to defend themselves. I would say the second line of defense would be among their own neighbors, within the Moslem world perhaps. I would like to see the Moslem countries, for instance, pledge themselves that if any of their brother nations are invaded by the Soviet Union, that they would respond jointly to that threat. But there has to be some demonstration to them, either through quiet assurances or through public commitments, that our nation is also marshaled, if necessary, to respond. I said in the news conference the other night that we will not permit the Soviets to choose either the tactics or the terrain. We have to keep our options flexible. And there are a series of things that we can and must do to let the world know that we will be strong-with private assurances to those countries: "If you stand firm, we will give you aid as you request it," which we're doing in the case of Turkey, which we're doing in the case of Saudi Arabia, which we're doing in the case of Pakistan and others, to try to form better friendships between those countries who might formerly have been adversaries. We're doing the best we can to encourage discussions between Pakistan and India. We would like to see a very firm friendship established between Pakistan and India, recently historical enemies. We'd like to see the alleviation of nuclear tension created between those two countries, because India exploded a nuclear device. We're trying to induce the Pakistanis not to. But the registration for the draft, which I have proposed, is another important symbolic act to let the world know that we're not joining the 55 other countries who already have a draft. We're not talking about a draft, but we're talking about the preparation for mobilization if it is required. And we're doing the best we can to prevent the need for mobilization and the need for a draft. The best way we can do that is twofold. One is to let the Soviets know that they must not challenge us through further aggression against innocent people and that we are resolved to resist it. If they don't challenge us, there will be no need for mobilization. And secondly, to make sure that if we are registered, this will save us 90 to 100 days in a time of mobilization and will make the draft much less likely. I see no prospect, under present circumstances, for the need for a draft. We are not asking for additional legislation to permit me to call for registration; that already exists. So, it's a part of a unilateral, multilateral, regional response to the Soviet Union, to say, "Do not go any further; withdraw your troops from this invaded country." We are not trying to bring the Soviets to their knees; we're not trying to humiliate the Soviet Union. We're trying to let them know that there is a world condemnation of what they have done. If they, with impunity, can take over this adjacent country, then my judgment is they'd be much more tempted to take a further step into Pakistan, into Iran, or into some adjacent country. I think it's excellent insurance, and I think it's needed. And we're going to go through with it. Maybe one more question, and thenQ. You started to say "the leader," and then you changed your mind. Isn't that, in fact, what you did say in your State of the Union message? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. In many ways, we are the leader, and other countries look to us for leadership. I have probably had more private communications, including 330 I - — ~ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 15 telephone calls, personal meetings, and secret dispatches, between myself and the leaders of foreign countries in the last 3 months than I have all the rest of the 3 years that I have been in office combined, because countries want to know, "What is the United States going to do; what are you prepared to assure us that you will do; and how much can we-depend upon your support if we ourselves take action?" We are so strong and so secure in our own entity that we can take action that others cannot afford to take. For instance, the grain embargo is an action against the Soviet Union that is punitive in nature but sends us severe cautionary signals. We have not sacrificed our own well-being in taking that significant action. For instance, I declared the grain embargo, I think on the 4th of January. It reduced the sale of American products to the Soviet Union by 17 million tons. The price of corn, the cash price for corn now is higher than it was in January. The price of wheat, oats, soybeans are all higher than they were then. It has not depressed the market. Secondly, we shipped more grain from the United States last month, in spite of the embargo against the Soviet Union, than we did a year ago. So, we can accommodate that kind of signal to the Soviet Union, which has tangible effect, when other countries don't have the grain to sell at the beginning. Afid if they did take the same action, they would severely hurt themselves economically. I've had a lot of other leaders say, "We don't believe it's proper for our country to attend the Summer Olympics in Moscow if the Soviets are in the process of having invaded Afghanistan." And they say, "We're going to join you." We've had maybe 50 nations already that said, "We do not support the Summer Olympic games in Moscow." But they couldn't get out in front of us, but they are willing to follow if we provide the lead. There are many other examples that I could describe to you. I'm not trying to say that we are the best nation on Earth, but we're the strongest, and we are able to stand and take action. We don't take action secretly. We let the world know what we're going to do. We don't take action to cause conflict or combat or disturb the peace. We take action that is peaceful in nature. One other point I would like to make: It is not easy for a nation like ours to avoid combat. Historically speaking, mine so far, and I pray to God that it will stay, is the first in 56 years that hasn't had Americans losing their lives in combat. And we have been strong, and we have been bold. We have not ducked difficult issues. So, I am not saying that we are better than other countries, but we are a natural leader. We and the Soviets are the superpowers. And my hope is to go out of this office having kept our country at peace; to go out of this office with firm, sound friendship and detente between ourselves and the Soviet Union; to go out of this office having enhanced human rights; to go out of this office with the Nation strong and united; to go out of this office with our own people having a better quality of life; and to go out of this office with alliances and friendships firmly established with as many people as possible on Earth; and to go out of this office with nuclear arms under control. Those are the goals that I've had since I came in this office. And we have setbacks, and we have successes, and the difficulties are very great, but the reassuring thing is that I don't feel alone. I would wish that all of you would support my positions unanimously, but I don't expect you to do it. But to the extent that you as leaders can say, "On these issues, 331 -- Feb. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the President has made a difficult decision and we support him," it would be very helpful for our country. Our country is not culpable. I don't know of any action that I've taken that has caused our Nation embarrassment or caused us to apologize. And the last thing I'd like to say is thisit's partially in answer to your question. But all of us are inclined, in a free society, in rapidly changing times, to remember the disagreements and the arguments and the debates and the temporary inconveniences and the challenges that we've not yet fully met and the questions we haven't fully answered. That is part of life in a democracy, with a completely open press and a free and open debate of issues and a free right to criticize our own Government in any way you want to. That's part of it. But the thing that we ought not to forget is the tremendous advantages that we have been granted by birth or because of the courage and bravery of our predecessors, to live in this country, a country of strength, a country of unity, a country of freedom, a country of excitement, a country of innovation, a country of confidence, a country of challenge, a country of leadership, a country of ideals. I don't see how we could ask for much more. Thank you. NOTE: The President spoke at 3 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. International Air Transportation Competition Act Statement on Signing S. 1300 Into Law. February 15, 1980 I am pleased to sign into law S. 1300, the International Air Transportation Competition Act. This law reinforces the policy of my administration to reduce regulation of the airline industry. It will strengthen my hand in assuring American consumers and carriers the benefit of more international flights, from more American cities and regions, with greater flexibility to set fares as low as efficient management and open competition will allow. Reducing the burden of unnecessary regulation has been one of my major goals as President. We have had particular success in the field of air travel. The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 lifted artificial barriers to competition in the domestic airline industry, saving air passengers over $1.5 billion in its first year. It also provided for termination of the Civil Aeronautics Board, the agency that created and maintained a rigid system of price and entry controls that lasted 40 years. In the same year, I extended our procompetitive policies to the international sphere by making appropriate use of the authority of United States agencies and by negotiating less restrictive agreements with other nations. Since I initiated this policy, the administration has secured 11 bilateral agreements with foreign governments incorporating the new procompetitive objectives. This legislation affirms and strengthens our commitment to deregulation. The bill reduces statutory barriers against the entry of individual carriers into new international markets and authorizes carriers to change their fares within a zone of reasonableness without interference from the Civil Aeronautics Board. The bill also authorizes the Board and the President to take quick and effective countermeasures against a foreign government that en 332 -----— --- —---— --- —~ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 gages in discriminatory or anticompetitive practices against American carriers or tries to impair their operating rights. Many people were active in achieving passage of this legislation. I would like particularly to congratulate Chairman Howard Cannon of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, Chairman Harold Johnson of the House Committee on Public Works and Transportation, and Chairman Glenn Anderson of that committee's Aviation Subcommittee, whose knowledge and leadership were key factors in shaping and passing the bill. NOTE: As enacted, S. 1300 is Public Law 96 -192, approved February 15. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. February 11 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. The President met at the White House with: -professional boxer Muhammad Ali, to discuss his meetings with African leaders concerning participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow; -Senator Jim Sasser of Tennessee. In the evening the President attended a buffet dinner and participated in a briefing by administration officials on national defense and foreign policy issues, given for Members of Congress on the State Floor of the White House. February 12 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Louis A. Lerner, U.S. Ambassador to Norway, and Mrs. Lerner; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale. In a ceremony in the Cabinet Room, the President was presented with the Christian Service Award by the executive board of the Southern Baptist Radio and Television Commission. The President participated in a briefing on the equal rights amendment given for community and civic leaders from Florida, Georgia, Illinois, and Missouri in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. The President transmitted to the Congress a report on Presidential Recommendations for Selective Service Reform and proposed legislation to allow the registration of both men and women. February 13 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -a group of Hispanic ministers. February 14 The President met at the White House with: -David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Mr. Moore; -Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence; -the executive committee of the National Black Caucus of State Legislators. 333 =z*, Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Vermont in the East Room at the White House. The White House announced that Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi will pay a 4-day state visit to Washington February 19-22 at the invitation of President Carter. President Moi's visit will be the first visit by a Kenyan President to the United States. During the visit he will meet with President Carter, Secretary of State Vance. Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Zbigniew Brzezinski, and other high-ranking U.S. Government officials to discuss a wide range of international, regional, and bilateral issues. February 15 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -former Chancellor Willy Brandt of the Federal Republic of Germany and Sir Shridath Ramphal, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth; -Mr. Moore: a group of magazine editors (transcript will be printed next week) -Robert B. Delano, president, and John C. Datt, secretary and administrator, American Farm Bureau Federation; -James L. Bomar, Jr.. president of Rotary International; -Pilar Cartella De Rubin, an Hispanic artist; -King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sophia of Spain. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted February 11, 1980 The following-named persons to be members of the Board of Directors of the National Railroad Passenger Corporation for terms expiring July 18, 1982: JAMES R. MILLS, of California (reappointment). FRANK H. NEEL, of Georgia (reappointment). GUY FELIZ ERB, of California, to be Deputy Director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency (new position). Submitted February 13, 1980 WILLIAM ELDRED PEACOCK, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Army, vice Robert L. Nelson, resigned. Submitted February 14, 1980 ROZANNE L. RIDGWAY, of the District of Columbia, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Counselor of the Department of State. BETSY LEVIN, of North Carolina, to be General Counsel, Department of Education (new position). Submitted February 15, 1980 JOHN L. PALMER, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, vice Benjamin W. Heineman, Jr., resigned. CESAR A. PERALES, of New York, to be an Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, vice Arabella Martinez, resigned. ROBINSON 0. EVERETT, of North Carolina, to be a judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals for the remainder of the term expiring May 1, 1981, vice Matthew J. Perry, Jr., resigned. 334 -iiis*lilillllllll --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released February 12, 1980 News conference: on the radioactive waste management program-by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, John M. Deutch, Under Secretary of Energy, Frank Press, Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, and J. Gustave Speth, Chairman, Council on Environmental Quality Fact sheet: radioactive waste management program Released February 13, 1980 Announcement: the President's meeting with King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sophia of Spain on February 15 CHECKLIST-Continued Released February 14, 1980 Announcement: visit of President Daniel arap Moi of Kenya to Washington February 19-22 ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved February 12, 1980 S. 423 --- —----------- Public Law 96-190 Dispute Resolution Act. Approved February 15, 1980 H.R. 5176 --- —-------- Public Law 96-191 General Accounting Office Personnel Act of 1980. S. 1300 --- —----------- Public Law 96-192 International Air Transportation Competition Act. 335 Week Ending Friday, February 22, 1980 Interview With the President Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Magazine Editors. February 15, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Well, first of all, let me say it's a pleasure to have you here at the White House to talk to me and, I know, later on today to talk to many of my own advisers both on domestic and foreign affairs. You've had the beginning already, and I know that you have, in the future, some opportunities to cross-examine my advisers in a much more detailed way. ADMINISTRATION POLICIES I think I might outline just a few things that are responsibilities of mine at this moment and then spend what time we have available answering your specific questions. Domestically, we have a new Congress back in session, a multitude of issues to be resolved through the budget process and through remaining legislation, primarily from last year. The most important carryover legislation concerns the controlling of inflation through the evolution and implementation of a comprehensive energy policy. You are thoroughly familiar with that. The major new domestic proposal this year will be to establish a youth employment program far above and beyond and more effective than what we have now, involving primarily the Education Department, which is new, and also the Labor Department-the training of maybe 450,000 young people in private job opportunities. That will substantially re duce the unemployment rate among these young people, particularly among minority groups. Internationally, the two most severe crises have been the ones that we've had to face the last 3 months or so-the incarceration of our hostages in Iran and the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. This has put an extraordinary, additional responsibility on our country, as a world leader and as a nation deeply concerned about the safety and the freedom of these 50 American people. Detailed negotiations have been underway for a good while. We are discussing the issue not only with the principals involved but also with many of our allies and other countries around the world, to support our position in both these international matters. I think the action of the United Nations, the action of the International Court of Justice, the action of the Moslem nations in Islamabad not too long ago all indicate a strong support for the same positions that our own Nation is espousing. There are other considerations, obviously, that we have to contend with every day. One is the ongoing discussions or negotiations between Egypt and Israel to implement fully the principles espoused by all three of our countries during the Camp David discussions and to carry out the details of the Mideast peace treaty that was signed last May. In a few days now, there will be diplomatic recognition, exchange of Ambassadors-a momentous step forward toward peace in the Middle East. 337 Feb. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 And we'll pursue, with the utmost attention and commitment, further progress toward a comprehensive peace in the Middle East, the alleviation of tension, the involvement of others in the negotiating processes, the realization of Palestinian rights, and the perpetuation of the security of Israel and the peaceful nature of Israel's relationship with her neighbors. We've strengthened NATO; I think this has been a major accomplishment. We've retained our relationship with Taiwan. We've improved substantially our relationships with the billion or more people who live in the People's Republic of China. We're committed to the preservation of detente. Once the Soviet troops are withdrawn from Afghanistan and the threat of military action by them is removed, then we'll be very glad to pursue aggressively again further progress in the control of weapons and in the strengthening of our ties with all nations on Earth. These are some of the issues that I wanted to outline very briefly. I think when the national press departs, we can have a chance to answer your questions on specific issues. Sam [Sam Donaldson, ABC News], we wanted to Q. Go ahead and ask, you know, if you want. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. I don't want you to learn any tricks from these people about what kind of questions to ask me. Q. [Inaudible] [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. I think they stayed in much longer than ordinary. They ought to not stay so long. QUESTIONS U.S. RELATIONS WITH ALLIES Q. Mr. President, Lew Young, of Business Week. There's been a lot of con fusion in the United States press and in the European press about just how far our so-called allies have been cooperating on both Iran and Afghanistan. Would you tell us what the real situation is, particularly with France and Germany? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. I think I expressed this as clearly as I could at the press conference the other night. I am satisfied with the overall support for our positions and the correlation of mutual positions that exist now between ourselves and our major allies, including France, Germany, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, Japan, and others. Obviously, there are sharp differences of character among our different nations, different relationships with the Soviet Union, with China, and so forth, and also different compositions of governments. Some of our major allies, for instance, are formed with coalition governments, where you have two different parties-one represented by the Prime Minister, a completely different party and a potential political competitor represented as, say, the Foreign Minister. But there are inevitable problems in the degree with which we can communicate and consult before we make a major decision. Some of the nations have said we should have given them a longer prior notice before I made my State of the Union address, concerning the Olympics question. This is a very sensitive issue with some of them, and we understand that. We did notify them, but only a few hours before. But quite often in a major forum of that kind, when I am preparing the last stages of preparation of a State of the Union message, even among myself, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the National Security Adviser, and key congressional leaders, we're still negotiating exactly what our position is going to be 338 - --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 16 in a multitude of issues crammed into a 25- or 30-minute speech. We consult as best we can. But that's an inevitable concern of theirs: "Let us know further ahead of time before the United States takes a position." Privately, quite often, a group of allies or an individual ally will say, "You go ahead and take a strong position on the Olympics. Let us build up public support for your position, and we will join you later." But I think, to summarize, I am well pleased at the basic agreement that we now enjoy with our allies and friends, the basic compatibility between our position and that of, say, 34 Moslem nations who acted independently in their own conference at Islamabad in condemning the Soviet Union and demanding the Soviets withdraw from Afghanistan, and the almost universal support that we've had in the importunities and demands that the Iranians release the American hostages. We have to be the world leader. We can take a stand on the Olympics or on grain embargoes or interruption of commerce or on tighter restraints on high technology equipment or the prohibition against Soviet fishing rights easier than some of our other allied countries can. Q. But are those measures effective if our allies don't go along with them? THE PRESIDENT. They've gone along with most of them. They have all agreed not to replace any withheld shipments to the Soviet Union. We are agreeing now to tighten up on the framework of regulations that prohibit the shipment of high technology items to the Soviet Union. I think you're going to see a major response among our allies and others, too, about not going to the Olympics in Moscow, with Soviet invasion troops in Afghanistan. Most of those allies, as you know, don't have any appreciable amount of grain that they can withhold from shipment to the Soviet Union. We're able to do this. As a matter of fact, the prices of grain in the United States since January 4, when I declared the grain embargo, have gone up-corn, soybeans, oats, wheat. Our shipments of grain-actual shipments, out of coastal ports, of grain-have continued to be higher the last month than they were a year ago when we were making major shipments to the Soviet Union. We will set an alltime record of grain shipments this year compared to a year ago. Last year we set an alltime record. The previous year we set an alltime record in spite of the interruption of shipments of grain to the Soviet Union. So, we can take action that punishes the Soviet Union or cautions the Soviet Union, without having it be devastating to us economically; some of our allies cannot. They don't have items of value to withhold, and they are not economically able to withhold even those sensitive items with the degree of commitment that we can exhibit. SELECTIVE SERVICE REVITALIZATION Q. Mr. President, Robert Manning, the Atlantic Monthly. In calling for a draft registration, sir, is it your desire and expectation to hope that this would lead to some debate now and discussion in the public at large and also on the Hill about how to prepare, move toward preparation of selective service machinery to improve it, to get away from inequities, the way it operated in Vietnam, or is it your expectation that that debate should come at a later time when there may be more need? THE PRESIDENT. No. That debate has already taken place. The 1971 Registration Act has removed almost all of the inequities that existed during Vietnam, by eliminating the exclusions of young Americans who were subject to the draft. For instance, college students can only be 339.1 Feb. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 deferred now till the end of the term. Conscientious objectors still can be excluded. But that's almost all of the exclusions. It's quite different from what it was during Vietnam, when there were major exclusions of so-called middleclass Americans from the imposition of the draft. That's already been done. I have the complete authority now to call for registration; I don't need additional legal authority to do so. I do need the appropriation of funds to carry out the expenses, which I think would be about 15 or 20 million dollars a year just to register. I don't have any intention of going ahead with classification or with physical examinations or the draft imposition itself. My own belief is that we can best avoid a major national mobilization, including the draft, by being prepared to do so if necessary. I think it will not only.caution the Soviet Union against making it necessary for us to mobilize to meet further aggression on their part, but it will also mean that we are better prepared to mobilize rapidly and therefore would not need to impose the draft as early. We also think there will be some ancillary benefits with the registration of young people, say, 18- and 20-year-old men, at the present time. We'll have, I think, a higher level of recruitment. We only came up about 27,000 personnel short last year in recruitment goals, out of more than 2 million service personnel, men and women. That's less than 1 /2 percent. But I think we can fill that gap and also strengthen our reserves, just with the public attention being called to the fact that we do need to have a strong military force. I don't see any anticipated need at all to go ahead with either classification or the draft itself. And the legal restraints that previously did exist against univer sality have been removed already, and I have [although I don't have] 1 legal authority to impose the draft. PRESIDENT'S FAVORITE ARTISTS Q. Mr. President, I'm Milt Esterow. I'm with ARTnews and Antiques World magazines. My question has nothing to do with the burning issues of the day. I'm told that in the few moments that you have to relax, one of the paintings that you particularly admire is the 19th century still life by William Harnett. I'd like to find out why you respond to that particular painting. And also, are there any other artists to whom you particularly respond, either from the 19th century or contemporary? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. You know, I've never claimed that Harnett was my favorite artist. As a matter of fact, this particular painting is an extraordinary example of Harnett's realistic art. It's the painting of the Cincinnati Inquirer, and you can almost read the type. It's a beautiful painting. But I really have a much more broadrange interest in art than that. We have Mary Cassatt upstairs, and we also-I think if I had to pick a favorite artist, it would be El Greco. My daughter and I had a long discussion last night on Spanish artists, and I had to explain to her about El Greco. She's going to the art museums today to look at Spanish art, and we had a discussion there. But I like the Impressionists, I guess, as a group most of all, both American and French Impressionists-have several of those in the White House. We can borrow paintings from the National Art Gallery, and some of them are purchased. As a matter of fact, this particular painting was purchased for the 1 White House correction. 340 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 16 White House recently, and it is owned by the White House. Armand Hammer bought the painting and gave it to the White House-it had been previously on loan-and that's why the particular painting got publicity. I like the painting; I like Harnett's work. But I think if I had to say a category of painting, I would prefer Impressionist more than this. Q. Just probably one more. You mentioned El Greco. Could you tell me why? THE PRESIDENT. I think he's the most extraordinary painter that ever came along back in, I think, the 14th century, maybe the 15th century. His paintings now have an atmosphere of both mysticism and modernism, in that he distorted the tones of the painting, the configuration of the human body, the interrelationship between the landscapes and humans in a way to emphasize the points he wanted to make about the character of a person or the character of the scene that he was painting. I just think he was maybe three or four centuries ahead of his time. And his paintings are still a remarkable beauty to me, including the ones of landscapes like Toledo or the ones about Christ and the religious connotations and the portraits that he did of people who lived in that time. It's just that he's just a special favorite. SHAH OF IRAN Q. Mr. President, Marvin Stone, U.S. News & World Report. THE PRESIDENT. Good to see you again. Q. Welcome to the 20th century. [Laughter] At the news conference the other day you ducked Helen Thomas' question when she gave you the opportunity to express, publicly, regret, remorse over the Shah. You may want to duck this; I don't know what the situation is today. Have the Iranians made it a condition that you express some public remorse on behalf of the Nation for the Shah's record? If they were to do that, would you express national remorse, regrets? THE PRESIDENT. I don't think it would be appropriate for me now to start singling out particular things that are under discussion, literally, on a day-and-night basis right now. I will not do anything to violate the principles of our country. I'll not do anything to violate our obligations to Iran. We obviously regret any misunderstandings that have existed in the past or will exist in the future between ourselves and Iran or any other country. I don't think it's good at this sensitive moment to resurrect an analysis of the last 35 years of Iran's history. We have a desire to see a united Iran, with a government of their own choicewhich they've now established-with a secure Iran, an Iran at peace. And we look forward to a time in the future to have normal relationships with Iran. But to single out any particular aspect of the past history, either a few decades or a few days, I think, right now would not be appropriate for me. AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN Q. Are you any more optimistic today than you were on Wednesday about release of the hostages? Has there been anything in the last 48 hours THE PRESIDENT. I'm more optimistic now than I was a few weeks ago, but it would be hard for me to compare it with 2 days ago. We have been encouraged by recent events, but I cannot predict what will happen in the near future. 341 -F Feb. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 REGISTRATION OF WOMEN FOR THE DRAFT Q. Lenore Hershey, Ladies' Home Journal. A few minutes ago when you were talking about registration, you referred to men. Do you expect to have trouble with the registration of women? THE PRESIDENT. I hope not. I have present authority to register young men, without further congressional act, between 18 and 26 years old. So, I don't need legislation for that. I just need funding for the program. I have asked the Congress to make some technical changes in the registration law on the one hand and also to make a change in the law that would permit us to register women and to authorize women not to be drafted for combat duty in the future. It would require a separate congressional act before I could draft either men or women, and I'm not asking for that authority now. But I am asking for the additional authority to register women, along with men. Q. You don't expect trouble? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I expect trouble on that, but I think that the Congress, when it assesses the arguments pro and con, might very well approve the registration of women. I see no reason not to register women. CHICAGO MAYOR JANE BYRNE; FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS Q. Mr. President, Allen Kelson, Chicago Magazine. A few days ago in Chicago, Chip Carter told a group that to vote for Jimmy Carter is to vote for jobs. Until recently, Chicago was-[laughter]Chicago was a prime recipient of UDAG [Urban Development Action Grant] funds. And when Mayor Byrne endorsed Senator Kennedy, the UDAG funds seemed to dry up. Does this augur a change in your relationship toward Mayor Byrne's administration? THE PRESIDENT. My relationship with Mayor Byrne's administration is not good, as you probably know, I think through no fault of our own. I have pledged to the people of Chicago, and would like to repeat the pledge, that that will not interrupt or curtail at all the allocation of Federal funds and the support of Federal programs to meet the needs of Chicago. We may use other official routes by which to announce Federal program grants or to implement Federal program grants. If there's a choice, under the law, between working with county or city officials, we may very well go with the county. But we've continued to work, I might say, with the city administration on many items, because this is a daily requirement that's so complex. And there's such a multitude of programs, that we are still working with Mayor Byrne's administration on many of the Federal programs that are involved-transportation, housing, education, and so forth. I would like to say that in jobs we have made good progress. We have had an annual growth in employment of 3 /2percent per year, which is an unprecedented achievement, and we've added a net increase of about 9 million new jobs. As I said the other night at the press conference, compared to other elements of the job force, minorities have improved their employment status 50 percent better than nonminorities. The new program that we're going to put into effect, which will work in Chicago as well as other places, with the administration, city and county, is designed primarily for young people, 15 years old up to maybe 22 years old. It will be a combination of training and education, on the job and in the high schools, 342 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 16 and employment opportunities in the private sector, with some early application of training commitments by the employer, provided that the Federal Government will pay all or part of the salary of the new employee for a limited period of time. This will be roughly a $2 billion program over the next 2 years. So, we are good on jobs. We are continuing to work with the local officials. There has been some slight shift, when appropriate, to working with the county rather than the city, but we are still working with the city on many items. Ms. BARIO. Thank you, sir. THE PRESIDENT. I'm sorry that's all the time we have. Let me say, in closing, that I'm very grateful for your coming here. And any question that you may have had to ask me, I think-you have not yet met with Dr. Brzezinski and others, have you? You've met with some others. But I think that you'll find plenty of opportunity to meet with him. I ordinarily meet with a group of out-of-town editors after lunch, but because of a press of some other things, I had to meet with you earlier. And I apologize for that. But you'll have a chance to follow up with them, and they're just as knowledgeable as I am. If you don't mind, I would like to get a photograph with each one of you as you leave. And I'll stand over here by the door, and if you'll come by, we'll shake hands and get a photograph. If you prefer not to, you can go out that door, though. [Laughter] Thank you very much. NOTE: The interview began at 11:02 a.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary. The transcript of the interview was released on February 16. National Brotherhood Week, February 17-23, 1980 Message of the President. February 16, 1980 Sponsored by the National Conference of Christians and Jews, National Brotherhood Week has become a traditional appeal to the social conscience of all Americans and a source of strength in our continuing work of building a society rooted in mutual respect, cooperation and goodwill. Last year, in my statement on this occasion, I said that brotherhood and sisterhood begin with respect. Such respect should both inspire and characterize all our civic and humanitarian activities. The current slogan for Brotherhood Week points out that "Every bigot was once a child without prejudice." Guided by these fitting words, let us use this observance to look deep within ourselves. Let us shed the layers of bigotry and prejudice we may have acquired and recapture the mutual respect that should be the cornerstone of our national life. Only then can we hope to have the kind of society foreseen by our Founding Fathers. Only then can we effectively build a world free of strife and secure for human progress. Let us join in a reaffirmation of our commitment to the noble principles which Brotherhood Week evokes. JIMMY CARTER Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws Appointment of Six Members. February 16, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of six persons as members of 343 # Feb. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws. They are: JESUS BORJA, of Saipan, Mariana Islands, the assistant director of Micronesian Legal Services Corporation; JAMES A. JOSEPH, Under Secretary of the Interior. He will serve as Chairman of the Commission; AGNES MANGLONA MCPHETRES, of Saipan, Mariana Islands, a researcher for the Northern Marianas Vocational Advisory Council, responsible for the identification of employment and training needs in the Northern Marianas; EDWARD PANGELINAN, the elected representative to the United States for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. He was chairman of the Marianas Political Status Commission, which negotiated the Covenant to Establish the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States; PEDRO AGULTO TENORIO, of Saipan, Mariana Islands, executive director of the Marianas Public Land Corporation, formerly special adviser for executive and Federal relations to the Northern Marianas Commonwealth Legislature; MYRON B. THOMPSON, of Honolulu, trustee of the Kamhemaha Schools/Bishop Estate, formerly Hawaii State administrative director in the office of the Governor of Hawaii and director of the Hawaii Department of Social Services and Housing. American Legion Remarks at the Legion's Annual Conference. February 19, 1980 Thank you very much, Frank, for your introduction and for your service to our country, both in your own military career and now as national commander of the American Legion. I assigned Frank one duty this morning, to have my hat ready when I got here. [Laughter] And he said it would be ready as I leave. [Laughter] Well, it is a pleasure to be here with my fellow Legionnaires and, as Frank said, to represent American Legion Post No. 2 in Americus, Georgia, where my father, before me, served as a veteran of World War I. My father was a first lieutenant, and I'm sure at the time he never thought that his son would reach so high a rank as he himself in Georgia and World War I. It's been 35/2 years now since I outlined to you my national security goals at your national convention. I'm proud of the success we've had in fulfilling those plans that you and I shared on that day. We remain the world's most powerful force, and the American people and the Congress are now united with me in keeping the United States second to none in military strength. I have to tell you that this degree of common commitment has not always existed. During the last 12 years, for instance, the Congress has cut the Presidents' defense budget by more than $50 billion, an average reduction below what the Presidents have proposed of more than $4 billion per year. Recently this pattern has changed, and we now have obvious and growing support throughout this country for a strong national defense. This new unity and this new determination must be sustained, not just for a few months, but so long as the serious challenges confront the United States of America, we must be united and determined to have a strong country. I'm very thankful that most Americans agree with you and me that in order to ensure an America at peace, we must and we will have that strong America. We're determined also to see the blessings of peace shared with other people around the world. At Camp David and during my personal mission to the Mideast, we promoted peace between Egypt and Israel. In just a few days, a milestone will be passed in history when full diplo 344 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 19 matic recognition is consummated with the exchange of Ambassadors between those two countries that have been at war four times in the last 30 years. Now work must continue toward that comprehensive peace that is so vital to the security of the United States and to stability in the Middle East. After 4 [14] 1 years of negotiation, also, we concluded the historic Panama Canal treaties, which will protect American interests, which will stabilize a potentially volatile situation, which will assure continued responsible operation of the canal, which will enable us to protect the canal now and in the far distant future, during the 2 1st century, and strengthen our influence in a strategic area of the world and of this hemisphere. We've also negotiated a sound strategic arms limitation treaty, SALT II, which has great advantages for our country. It will enhance world stability and peace. SALT II will continue the process of arms control which was begun by President Eisenhower and which has been continued by every President since his time. It will help to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons among the other nations on Earth. It will force substantial reduction in the present numbers of Soviet missile launchers, and provides no similar requirement that missile launchers of the United States be reduced. It will enhance the ability that we have to monitor the Soviet nuclear forces. It will prevent an expensive and a dangerous nuclear arms race, an arms race that would be counterproductive both for ourselves and for the Soviet Union, and would require funding, very high levels of funding, which are needed to improve the American conventional forces. ' White House correction. SALT II is not a panacea. It is a supplement and not a substitute for a strong defense. SALT II is not based on trust, it can be verified by our own national technical means. I will consult very closely with the 'Congress when the time comes again to move toward ratification of the treaty. During these past 3 years, we've joined with our Atlantic Allies to strengthen NATO, both its spirit and also its military capability. There's a new sense of cooperation and resolve and a greater confidence that we, together, can deter aggression. Another successful foreign policy initiative has great strategic significance. We have normalized relations with China while retaining our trade and friendship with the people of Taiwan. We now have a great opportunity to expand this new relationship to bring mutual advantages to both countries and to improve the prospects for a stable and a peaceful Asia. This is the first time I recall in history when our Nation has been friends with both Japan and China at the same time. And as you well know, our Nation's commitment to democracy, to human rights, to self-determination, and to economic stability and development has greatly improved our relations with the countries of the Third World. These achievements have all been gratifying to you and to me; yet today we face new and serious challenges. At this very moment 53 Americans are being held hostage in Iran. The long and continuous efforts to ensure the safe release of our people have now reached a particularly sensitive and intense stage. My task is to protect the interests and the principles of our Nation while we negotiate Ifor the release of the Americans who are being held as innocent prisoners. I deeply appreciate the -firmness, patience, 345 Feb. 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the unity, and the will shown by almost all Americans during these days of crisis. I cannot and I will not rest until every single American is home, safe and free. Also, at this very moment some 100,000 Soviet troops, heavily armed, seek to subjugate a proud and a once independent nation, a nation that presented no challenge to Soviet security and wanted only to retain their freedom. This Soviet invasion of Afghanistan poses a threat to the independence of countries throughout Southwest Asia and to the economic lifeblood of many nations-oil. It has altered the careful balance of forces in a vital and a volatile area of the world. That's why I did not hesitate to answer Soviet aggression with strong economic sanctions, including restrictions on grain shipments and sales of high technology to the Soviet Union. That's why we joined with more than a hundred other nations in the United Nations to condemn this aggression and to demand withdrawal of the Soviet invasion forces from Afghanistan. And that is why I have given notice that the United States will not attend the Moscow Olympics unless the Soviet invasion forces are withdrawn from Afghanistan before February 20. That deadline is tomorrow, and it will not be changed. And finally, I've served clear notice, in my State of the Union message, and I would like to quote the words: "An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force." And as I also stated clearly to the Congress, while protecting the constitutional rights of Americans and avoiding the abuses of the past, we must remove all impediments to an effective intelligence capability for our Nation. At this time I am strengthening our own military presence in the Persian Gulf region, and we are encouraging other nations to form a cooperative security framework, which can enhance their independence and help to preserve regional peace. To underscore our resolve and our readiness, I've stepped up our overall defense effort and proposed registration for draft-age Americans. I've made it clear that there is no need at this time to reimpose the draft, but registration is a necessary precaution which will expedite mobilization if it should be required inl the future. Within our own country, opposing voices have been raised against these necessary actions-against the grain embargo, against the Olympic boycott, against registration for the draft, against full funding of the defense budget which I've proposed to the Congress. In this developing debate concerning our national security, I need the support of freedom-loving Americans everywhere, and I am sure that I can count on my fellow Legionnaires for your support. It's important that everyone understand that every action I have taken is peaceful and is designed to preserve peace. Because we seek peace, we have pursued and will pursue every opportunity to ease tensions. Because we seek peace, we have been cautious and restrained. Because we seek peace, we must leave no room for doubt among our allies and no room for miscalculation among our potential adversaries. It is obvious that the Soviet leaders did miscalculate in Afghanistan. They underestimated the courage and the tenacity of freedom fighters in that coun 346,~~ —- I I r~I I -I ~rl-su. Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 19 try, and they did not anticipate the world's quick and forceful response to their aggression. They are now paying a high price-in the number of casualties in Afghanistan, in our own actions, in the actions of our allies, and the condemnation of virtually the entire Muslim and Third World community in the United Nations and in their individual and collective statements and actions. There is no way for you or me to know the future plans of the Soviet leaders. We cannot be certain if or when they will withdraw their forces, if they seek colonial domination only in Afghanistan, or if they seek other conquests as well. No President of the United States can afford to gamble our peace and security upon wishful thinking about the present or the future intentions of the Soviet Union. But we do know that our intentions must be crystal clear. We will stand firm against aggression, and we will not accept business as usual with the Soviet Union while the invasion continues. Our firmness is not a prelude to combat, nor is it a return to the cold war. It is simply prudence-to reduce the chances for a misjudgment that could be fatal to peace. It's a reaffirmation of a longstanding commitment and a sustained response to a strategic challenge. Our measured reaction to this aggression fortunately comes at a time when our military strength is unequaled and growing, in keeping with the commitment that I made to you in 1976. A dangerous decline in defense spending has been reversed. From 1969 to 1976, real defense outlays, that is constant dollars spent, declined every year. In constant dollars, defense spending dropped by one-third in those 8 years before I became President. President Ford began to reverse this pattern, but only since 1977 have outlays for defense been increased every year. Our 5-year defense program through 1985 will continue this trend. I would like to reemphasize that from the very start, my administration, in cooperation with the Congress, has been engaged in a substantial and carefully planned strengthening of our military forces. In December of last year-well before the Soviet invasion-the Secretary of Defense presented to the Congress the broad outlines of my plans for defense spending, not only in 1981 but for the next 5 years. And last month I submitted officially the strong budget proposal itself. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has made everyone more aware of the importance of a strong defense capability. But since the process of strengthening our military forces has been underway for several years, the recent developments in Southwest Asia do not now require any major redesign of next year's defense budget; of course, we will continue to review our requirements and make any necessary adjustments to meet changing circumstances. I consider the increase in the defense budget for fiscal year 1981 to be necessary to assure our national security. It's a carefully measured amount, and it in no way signals a new or transient "boom" in defense spending. It's estimated, quite accurately, that the Soviet Union spends 13 percent of their gross national income or gross national product on defense. The percentage of our own gross national product represented by defense expenditures for 1981 is about 5 percent. And that share will hardly vary at all if the present projections of our defense expenditures are carried out in 1982, '83, '84, and '85 -about 5 percent of our GNP. The impact of this additional expenditure on the inflation rate will be negligible. 347 -.CM,-IsI ----ygLI Feb. 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 These expenditures for defense are clearly within the capability of our American economy, and moreover, we are spending our money well. We're strengthening our strategic triad that deters the Soviet nuclear threat. I accelerated development of cruise missiles, which begin production this year. Because of their small size and the large numbers, cruise missiles will be far more effective than the B-1 bomber for penetrating Soviet air defenses now or those they can project in the future. We've initiated a new MX missile system and finally resolved schedule and contract problems that had stalled the Trident submarine program for so long. The first Trident was launched last year, and six more are under construction. Because we have emphasized a stronger NATO, which had languished, as you know, during the Vietnam war, we now have commitments from our NATO partners for an annual 3-percent real growth in their own defense budgets. We've begun joint development of new weapons. We've enhanced our ability for rapid deployment of ground and air forces in Europe in a crisis and have spurred modernization of NATO theater nuclear weapons to meet a threatening buildup of formidable Soviet nuclear missiles in that region of the world. Our NATO Allies keep about 3 million troops on active duty; added to our 2 million, we can and we will maintain a powerful and effective force for the defense of Western Europe. You can depend on that, because it is vital to our own Nation's defense. I've also emphasized, since I've been in office, the general modernizing of the conventional forces of our country, to respond to military threats not only in Europe but in other vital areas of the world. We are re-equipping our ground forces. We've already expanded the number of tanks and infantry battalions. We are modernizing our Navy with an additional aircraft carrier, new guided missile ships, Harpoon cruise missiles, and new and more modem and effective attack submarines. We have now underway the first full-scale modernization of tactical air forces since the 1960's. We are capable today of responding to a threat to peace in almost any part of the world. Our naval task force now in the Persian Gulf region testifies to our mobility and our strength. And we are building a rapid deployment force which can carry stronger defense forces, much stronger defense forces, to any vital area. To achieve that goal, we've already begun development of a new fleet of large transport planes and a force of maritime prepositioning ships with enough supplies and heavy equipment for three Marine brigades. The sum of all these defense efforts is a clear message: We have not abdicated, and we will not abdicate the responsibility of the United States to help maintain a peaceful world. Our commitment to world peace is twofold: We and our allies must be able to meet any military challenge, and we must be strong and principled as we seek to resolve disputes and to reduce tensions. Preventing nuclear war is a preeminent task, to repeat what I said earlier. That is why the last three U.S. Presidents have negotiated the strategic arms limitation treaties, and I will not abandon this effort to control nuclear weapons. In fact, the immediate crisis underscores the importance of mutual constraint on nuclear weapons. Because it serves our security interests, I remain committed to the ratification of the SALT II treaty. Last month I said in my State of the Union address that we must face the world as it is. We must be honest with ourselves, and we must be honest with 348 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 19 others. That's why, 3 years ago, I determined to reverse the declining effectiveness of the military forces. And that's why I've worked so hard to fight inflation as we develop a national energy policy. We are dangerously dependent on imported oil, and there is no cheap way out. Let me quote from the American Legion's own energy policy statement: "Our national security, as well as our economic security, cannot exist without energy independence." I thank you again for your hard work and your effective efforts to face facts and to help build a secure future for our country. We cannot spend or regulate our way out of every national problem, nor can we abolish inflation by decree; that's the truth. Above all, whether it is registration of young people, increased military strength for ourselves and our allies, or increased energy conservation and production, we cannot have peace and security without a willingness to sacrifice; that is the most important truth of all. With your help and with the support of the American people, I propose to carry on the struggle for a strong nation, for a just society, and for a peaceful world. Harry Truman, a member of the American Legion, once wrote: "It is not our nature to shirk obligations. We have a heritage that constitutes the greatest resource of this Nation. I call it the spirit and the character of the American people." Today I call again on that heritage, that spirit, and that character, represented so well by you Legionnaires and by others who have always been willing to defend our Nation and to preserve our freedom. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in the Presidential Ballroom at the Capital Hilton Hotel. He was introduced by Frank I. Hamilton, national commander of the American Legion. Small Business Week, 1980 Proclamation 4723. February 19, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Small business has long played a vital role in our Nation's economy and way of life. This past January, I was honored to participate in the first White House Conference on Small Business. I had the opportunity to hear firsthand, the ideas, problems and aspirations of men and women from the small business community. As a former small businessman, I was impressed with their energy, determination, and above all, their hope for the future of our country. The small business community constitutes the single most important segment of our free enterprise system. It accounts for forty-eight percent of our gross national product, more than half of the American labor force, and continues to be the major source of inventions and new jobs. Small business is truly the backbone of the American economy. I urge my fellow citizens to learn more about its role and importance in our society. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning May 11, 1980, as Small Business Week, and I urgently call on every American to join me in this very special tribute. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of February in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:16 a.m., February 19, 1980] 349 ~nnp19 - Feb. 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Iwo Jima Commemoration Day Proclamation 4724. February 19, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Thirty-five years ago Americans were pitted in battle on a small, barren island called Iwo Jima. The standard of courage established by the men of the V Marine Amphibious Corps in that battle is unsurpassed. Because we now enjoy the blessings of the freedom for which those men sacrificed so much, it is appropriate for us to reflect upon the high price of that freedom. For 35 days, men of the 3rd, 4th and 5th Marine Divisions fought to secure the strategic island of Iwo Jima. The cost of the eventual American victory was the highest in Marine Corps history: 5,931 dead and 17,272 wounded. Of the over 20,000 Japanese defenders on Iwo Jima, only 1,083 survived. But the victors and the vanquished alike shared uncommon valor as a common virtue. The Congress has by Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 469) designated February 19, 1980 as Iwo Jima Commemoration Day. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Tuesday, February 19, 1980 as Iwo Jima Commemoration Day. I call on all Americans to join on this occasion in honoring those Americans who served on Iwo Jima. I call on State and local officials and private organizations to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independ ence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 8:45 a.m., February 20, 1980] Honoring the Memory of Walt Disney Proclamation 4725. February 19, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation In the world of entertainment no name is more widely known than that of Walt Disney. For nearly fifty years, his creations brought us laughter and love, joy and gladness. The products of his imagination will enthrall and delight many more generations of children of all ages in every country on earth. The House of Representatives, by a joint resolution of February 13, 1980, has requested the President to issue a proclamation honoring the memory of Walt Disney for his contribution to the American dream. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby call upon the people of this Nation to recall the accomplishments of Walt Disney and to honor his memory on February 19, 1980. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of February in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:41 a.m., February 20, 1980] 350 -........................!U[ k Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 19 Council on Environmental Quality Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. February 19, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit to the Congress the Tenth Annual Environmental Quality Report of the Council on Environmental Quality. This report reflects the solid achievement of a decade of intensive effort by the American people and their government to improve the quality of the environment. Of all the social, political, and economic changes of the past decade, perhaps none is more important to the future of our planet and the survival of our children than the change that has taken place in the way we look at our world and its resources. In the past 10 years, we have come to understand that our own wellbeing and the health, the safety-indeed the existence-of future generations depend on how we treat our world today. We know now that our planet is both fragile and finite, and that the decisions we make today will spell the difference between a polluted, unproductive and eventually uninhabitable world and a world that can sustain itself and the creatures that live on it indefinitely. This change in our collective consciousness was not only remarkably swift, but also remarkably broad. People around the world simultaneously began to realize the dangers of pollution and the hazards of abusing and depleting the earth's resources and to demand effective action to protect the environment. In the United States, a decade of environmental progress began with the signing on January 1, 1970 of the National Environmental Policy Act-the Nation's charter for protecting and improving the environment. The first Earth Day, in April 1970, showed unmistakably the Nation's new environmental awareness. Millions of people across the country participated in teach-ins, clean-ups, and many other actions to demonstrate their environmental concern and to gain a greater appreciation of ecology. The active citizen involvement in environmental affairs spurred by Earth Day has been the major force behind the accomplishments of the past 10 years. Public support for an improved, healthy environment remains strong as we enter the 1980s. The environmental record of the Congress and the Executive Branch during these 10 years has been exceptional. Congress has passed more than two dozen pieces of landmark legislation designed to preserve or enhance environmental quality-an unprecedented record of accomplishment in just one decade. Several of these laws were measures I proposed and strongly supported. I have personally had the pleasure of signing into law the 1977 amendments to the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act, the 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, the 1977 Mine Safety and Health Act, the 1977 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, the 1978 National Energy Act, with its many features emphasizing energy conservation, the 1978 Environmental Pesticide Control Act, the 1978 Quiet Communities Act, the 1978 National Parks and Recreation Act, and the reauthorization of such essential laws as the Endangered Species Act. I have also had the satisfaction of issuing two broad Environmental Messages which initiated more than 100 legislative proposals, Executive Orders and directives, and policy reforms. The Administration and the Congress have not yet accomplished all of the environmental goals that I have set, but we have done a great deal in three years 351 Feb. 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and will continue our efforts. The actions my Administration has taken to protect the environment here and abroad, and the successes we have had, are among the most gratifying achievements of my Presidency. The sustained environmental improvement effort of the past 10 years has made significant inroads on the problems identified at the start of the decade. Most major industrial facilities have met initial air and water pollution control requirements. Automobiles are now equipped with pollution control devices. The environmental achievements of state and local governments and of many other nations and international organizations are impressive. The fact that our Nation has accomplished much in so short a time does not mean that we can relax our vigilance. Many serious environmental problems remain unsolved. One of the most troublesome examples during the past year was the seepage of toxic chemicals from an abandoned waste dump at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York, creating a public health problem of major proportions. Incidents like Love Canal make painfully clear the continued need for environmental protection programs. The past year has also reminded us again of the environmental dangers of complicated technologies that we do not fully understand or control, and of the need to manage the earth's finite resources, such as energy and food, in better ways. In the years ahead, solving environmental problems does not promise to become easier. We are, however, better equipped to deal with the problems of the future than we were in 1970. This February marks the tenth anniversary of the Council on Environmental Quality, which was placed in the President's own office to analyze and coordinate federal environmental policy and advise the President on environmental matters. Unlike a decade ago, we now have strong institutions like the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out environmental protection activities and to develop and implement sound policies. In addition, established government agencies like the Departments of the Interior and Agriculture and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have significantly redirected their missions. We are continually upgrading our environmental research and information activities to improve our current efforts and to meet future problems. In sum, the basic institutions for improving the quality of our environment are now firmly in place. The past decade has been a remarkable beginning. I look forward to cooperating with the Congress and with all nations in our efforts to make this earth a better place to live. Let us move confidently into a second decade of environmental progress. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 19, 1980. NOTE: The report is entitled "Environmental Quality-1979: The Tenth Annual Report of the Council on Environmental Quality" (Government Printing Office, 816 pages). Visit of President Daniel T. arap Moi of Kenya Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony. February 20, 1980 PRESIDENT CARTER. This morning we are particularly pleased to have President Moi of Kenya come to visit our country. He's the first President of that great nation to be an official guest of the United States, although President Moi has been here in 352 -,-~ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 20 the past before he assumed his present position of national leadership. He and I have gotten to be good friends through our frequent communications with one another as we met the increasing challenges and dangers of people who are determined to live in freedom. We share moral values, we share religious faith, and we share political values as well, not only on a personal basis but among the people of our two countries. We've been particularly grateful to see the leadership shown by President Moi and the people of Kenya, along with the nonaligned countries throughout the world, in condemning the brutal invasion by the Soviet Union of Afghanistan, and the staunch demand by others, led by President Moi, that these invasion forces be withdrawn from Afghanistan. President Moi and the people of his country led the entire continent of Africa, on their own initiative, in announcing that the athletes of Kenya will not attend the Olympics in Moscow this summer because their invasion forces occupy a freedom-loving country. This is particularly significant, not only because of the leadership shown by President Moi but because of the superb competence of the athletes of Kenya, world renowned for their prowess in past Olympic games. We are also particularly grateful as a nation to the people of his country and to President Moi for their unswerving support for us in the trying times since the innocent American diplomats were captured by militants in Iran and held hostage. President Moi has used his influence on a political basis to intercede for those hostages held captive and has also led other deeply religious nations, on his own initiative, in calling for a day of prayer and personally led a prayer meeting in his country for the safety and wellbeing and the freedom of the American hostages. This is particularly important to us, and I want to thank him from the bottom of my heart, as the leader of our Nation, for this initiative on his part. We value, as do the people of Kenya, the worth of one individual human being, and we also value, as do the people of Kenya, the freedom of each individual human being. We share a political process. It has been extremely significant in Africa and throughout the world to see the democratic processes performed so well in Kenya during this past year, when in open and free elections President Moi received an overwhelming mandate from his people to assume the position of President for a 5-year term. This will inspire others down the path of self-determination and democracy, and it is certainly an inspiration for. the people of our own country, who believe so deeply in the same political concept and policies and processes. To see democracy in action in his region is a significant act indeed. I'd like to say, in closing, that we have long admired the inspired and benevolent leadership of the late President Kenyatta. And as the people of Kenya and the world well know, President Moi is filling those shoes of a great leader in an inspired and benevolent and effective way. We depend upon Kenya and its leadership to help preserve peace and stability in east Africa and in the western part of the Indian Ocean. I'm indeed grateful that President Moi has come to meet with me, to make an official visit to the people of our country. And it is extremely reassuring to us to have a strong partnership at the official leadership level and among the people of the United States of America and the great nation of Kenya. President Moi, we welcome you to our country. 353 Feb. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 PRESIDENT Moi. Mr. President, Mrs. Carter, members of the United States of America Cabinet, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen: For me and my people of Kenya, this occasion marks an important stage in increasing understanding and cooperation between our two governments and our people. I feel greatly honored as I stand here to receive, on behalf of the people of Kenya, the greatest honor that your country can bestow on another nation through its head of state. Our feelings of friendship and respect are based on many factors, including identity of views in many fields. My country, Kenya, shares with you the commitment you have for constitutional and democratic form of government. But above all, we share a common reverence for individual freedoms and human rights. You, Mr. President, have distinguished yourself in Africa and in the whole world today by your staunch support for human rights. We admire and respect you for this unyielding support for human rights. We also admire and respect your great forbearance and courage at times when it is so easy to panic. Our nation, like yours, is guided by well-founded ideals and principles, and we know that amongst other factors which have made the United States a great nation in the community of nations is the great moral commitment to justice, equality, and freedom of expression. At a time when the world is faced by diversity of serious problems, many people in the world will continue to look up to this great Nation to provide leadership in the ideals of democracy and respect for territorial integrity. We in Kenya made our decision, not guided by anybody; but we felt it was just, fair, and right that human dignity must be preserved. Those people living in Af ghanistan have the same rights, like any other, to live and lead a peaceful life. So, we did it because of the conditions created by the Soviet Union. We've made it impossible for Kenyans to participate in the Olympic games. And I assure you, Kenya would have secured medals-gold medals, silver medals. There are others who may speak, but may have no prospects for medals. I also know that the Nation is capable of continuing to provide leadership, not only in technological fields but also in the basic task of making the life of humanity throughout the world better, through elimination of mass poverty and all its degrading consequences. In this connection we are heartened, Mr. President, by your decision to establish the Presidential Commission on World Hunger. But this is but one indication of the determined effort by you and the United States to provide leadership in working for the welfare of all peoples, in the comprehensive sense of that term. Once again, Mr. President, I thank you for this warm reception, and I look forward to fruitful discussions with you and the members of your Government during my short stay in this beautiful and important nation. Thank you. NOTE: The President spoke at 10:08 a.m. on the South Lawn of the White House. Visit of President Moi of Kenya White House Statement. February 20, 1980 President Carter met this morning for an hour and 15 minutes in the Cabinet Room with President Daniel arap Moi of the Republic of Kenya. President Moi is in Washington on a 4-day state visit at the invitation of President Carter. In addi 354 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 20 tion to their meeting this morning, the two leaders will meet again tonight at a state dinner in the White House. The two Presidents reviewed the very close relations which exist between the United States and the Republic of Kenya. They discussed developments in east Africa and the importance of regional cooperation and understanding in that area. They also reviewed developments in southern Africa and agreed upon the importance of free elections and a peaceful settlement in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia. The two Presidents discussed the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan and agreed on concerted action in not participating in the Olympic games in Moscow. They also discussed a range of issues concerning regional stability in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean areas, including the measures required to ensure mutual security in that region. The two Presidents also discussed specific problems in the Middle East, during which President Carter expressed his gratitude for Kenya's support and President Moi's personal interest in efforts to secure the release of our diplomats being held hostage in Tehran. Bilateral issues were also reviewed, including U.S. assistance programs in Kenya. Attending the meeting with the two Presidents were the following: U.S. Side Warren Christopher, Acting Secretary of State Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Ambassador Wilbert LeMelle, U.S. Ambassador to Kenya William Harrop, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Gordon Beyer, Director, East African Affairs, Department of State Gerald Funk, NSC staff member Kenyan Side Charles Njonjo, Attorney General Robert J. Ouko, Minister for Foreign Affairs Godfrey G. Kariuki, Minister of State, Office of the President Nicholas K. Biwott, Minister of State, Office of the President Zacharia T. Onyonka, Minister for Economic Planning and Development Jeremiah G. Kiereini, Permanent Secretary, Office of the President Ambassador John P. Mbogua, Kenyan Ambassador to the United States Philip Ndegwa, Economic Adviser, Office of the President Simon Nyachae, Permanent Secretary, Office of the President Budget Rescission and Deferrals Message to the Congress. February 20, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, I herewith report one revision to a previously transmitted rescission proposal decreasing the amount proposed by $6.4 million. In addition, I am reporting two new deferrals of budget authority totalling $20.0 million and two revisions to previously transmitted deferrals increasing the amount deferred by $13.9 million. The revision to the rescission proposal affects the Health Resources Administration of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The new deferrals and revisions to existing deferrals involve programs in the Departments of Agriculture, Health, Education, and Welfare, and the Treasury. 355 Feb. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The details of the revised rescission proposal and the deferrals are contained in the attached reports. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 20, 1980. NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescission and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of February 26, 1980. United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Iran White House Statement on the Establishment of the Commission. February 20, 1980 Secretary-General Waldheim has announced the establishment of a commission of inquiry to go to Iran to hear Iran's grievances and to allow an early solution of the crisis between Iran and the United States. He has stated that the commission will speak with each of our people. Both the United States and Iran have concurred in the establishment of the commission, as proposed by the SecretaryGeneral, in mutually acceptable, official responses to him. In concurring, the United States has taken note of the Secretary-General's statement that the commission will undertake a factfinding mission. It will not be a tribunal. The United States understands that the commission will hear the grievances of both sides and will report to the Secretary-General. The American people are deeply aggrieved that Iran, after guaranteeing the protection of our people, has taken them hostage and held them in intolerable conditions for 108 days. The United States has no desire to interfere in the internal affairs of Iran, but it does insist on the prompt return of the 53 Americans now illegally held in Tehran. The United States has also made clear its position that the meeting of the commission with our people must be consistent with international law and that the hostages must, under no circumstances, be subjected to interrogation. It is vital, however, for the commission to determine that they are all present and to assess their condition. We hope that the commission will, as the Secretary-General has said, achieve an early resolution of the crisis between our two countries, which requires the release of the hostages. 1980 Summer Olympics White House Statement on U.S. Withdrawal From the Games To Be Held in Moscow. February 20, 1980 On January 20, the President wrote to President Kane of the United States Olympic Committee to urge the committee to propose to the International Olympic Committee that the 1980 summer games in Moscow be transferred, postponed, or cancelled if Soviet forces were not fully withdrawn from Afghanistan within a month. The President also urged that if these proposals were not adopted, the United States Committee should not send a team to the Moscow games. This position has been overwhelmingly supported by the United States Congress and the American people. On February 12, the International Olympic Committee announced it would adhere to its plans to conduct the games in Moscow. On February 14, President Kane of the United States Olympic Committee issued a statement saying the United States Olympic Committee would, of course, accept any decision the Presi 356 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 20 dent makes as to whether a team should be sent to Moscow. A month has now expired, and Soviet forces have not even begun to withdraw from Afghanistan. The President has therefore advised the United States Olympic Committee that his decision remains unchanged and that we should not send a team to Moscow. The President thanked the committee for its earnest and patriotic efforts to present the case for transferring, postponing, or cancelling the games and asked it to take prompt action to formalize its acceptance of his decision. The United States Olympic Committee depends for its funds on the generosity of American citizens and American business. Even though no United States team is sent to Moscow, the committee carries on many other important and worthwhile activities to support athletic excellence in this country. The President urges all American citizens to continue their financial and moral support of the committee. Nobel Laureate Andrei Sakharov White House Statement on the Internal Exile of Dr. and Mrs. Sakharov by the Soviet Union. February 20, 1980 The maltreatment of Dr. Andrei Sakharov and his wife in Gorky is deplorable. It is not enough, it seems, to have subjected this valiant couple to internal exile for their principles and their courageous stand for human rights and dignity in the Soviet Union. Now they are subjected to physical indignity and harm. Resolutions have been passed by the United States House of Representatives and the Senate urging the Soviet Union to release Dr. Sakharov from internal exile. The United States urges others at home and abroad to join in seeking to persuade the Soviet Union to allow Dr. Sakharov to pursue his intellectual and professional work in accord with the guarantees of the Soviet Constitution and the Helsinki Final Act. Visit of President Moi of Kenya Toasts at the State Dinner. February 20, 1980 PRESIDENT CARTER. More than 2 million years ago in northern Tanzania and in southern Kenya, the first human beings stood erect and derived from that change a new freedom to use their bodies more effectively, to use their hands for constructive work, and began to develop a brain, which made freedom enjoyable for them. In the same country 2,000 years ago, long before our country was discovered by Columbus, the civilization had grown to such a point that the coastal region of eastern Africa was enjoying a thriving international trade, centered in a large part around the country which is now Kenya. Sixteen years ago the people of Kenya, after a long struggle and even the imprisonment of their political leaders, became free and independent, and a republic was founded. Many people didn't believe it could survive and thrive and grow and that it could not stand the test, in the continent of Africa, of freedom and democratic elections and the honoring of human rights and the preservation of the individuality of the citizens of that country. Mzee Jomo Kenyatta became an honored leader, not only of Kenya but admired throughout the world-a man of spirit and determination, a man of great courage, a man of great force of his personality, who brought together a dispar 357 Feb. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ate group of people and a common goal of preserving those human freedoms that are so precious to the people of that great country. Not only did he bring new life, new hope, new achievements, new leadership to the people of his own country but provided a spirit of hope and anticipation, confidence, and a dream of independence and freedom to many other people in Africa and, indeed, around the world, who had suffered under the burdens of colonialism for generations and even centuries. The beauty of Kenya is astonishing to those who've been there. I stood beside President Moi tonight and had several people come through who are citizens of our Nation who have been to Kenya. And a frequent response to him was, "You have the most beautiful country on Earth." Because I'm the host, I didn't question that analysis-[laughter]-and since it came from Americans, I didn't want to question them either. [Laughter] But I think that those who have been there and those who've studied about Kenya, as I have-the last few days, in particular-know that it has been blessed by God with enormous and very beautiful natural resources, a highly diverse climate, beautiful mountains, lovely plains, access to the sea, and a strategic position in the eastern part of Africa. Through hard work, through the honoring of human rights in its broadest definition, Kenya has not only enjoyed political growth but also great economic achievement and again has set an example for others to emulate. Sixteen months ago came the death of Kenya's first President, and the world waited with bated breath to observe the test of democracy, under a relatively new constitution, and a testing of ancient customs, and the free balloting and expressions of their own will, of a free peo ple. And the country stood the test, and a new President was chosen. And he has honored us here tonight by being our guest. This is the first time that our Nation has enjoyed the presence of a President of Kenya, but we have enjoyed friendship, communication, a shared purpose, common goals, common ideals, ever since Kenya became a republic and a free nation. This test of democracy was passed with flying colors. And our guest tonight, after having been chosen to lead his country in the first and highest position, consolidated his strength there by constant travels throughout his great land. The eastern coast of Africa is a turbulent part of the world, but there is a rock, an anchor, a bastion of freedom and stability, which is very beneficial to Kenya's neighbors as well as to its own people. Because of his diplomatic relationships with the leaders of other countries of Africa, Kenya continues to show the beneficent influence that it can exert on those who admire the achievements in that great land. As a famous runner myself-[laughter]-when the land is flat-[laughter]I've always admired the wonderful achievements of Kenya's world-famous and world recordholders in the middle and long distances. Our President comes from the same part of the nation where a world recordholder lives now. He holds four world records, as a matter of fact. And they run up and downhill with no apparent difficulty at all. [Laughter] And because of that, the recent actions of our guest were very significant. Kenya announced on their own initiative, after consideration of the principles on which their nation was formed, that they would not attend the Summer Olympics in Moscow, because the Soviets had 358 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 20 invaded Afghanistan and taken away the freedom of the people of that country. This action of leadership was typical of the principles that have permeated the life of our guest this evening. When he had lunch today with Secretary Warren Christopher, he said, "When any person is deprived of freedom, I am deprived of freedom." We admire leaders like this, and we honor them when they come to our country, and we cherish their friendship with us. I would like to say, in closing, that it's reassuring to a great nation like our own to realize how much we have in common with the great nation of Kenya: a relatively short history of freedom since we escaped from colonial domination ourselves; a searching for human values which do not change in a rapidly changing turbulent world; the honoring of the rights of different kinds of people to live their own individual lives; to search for the ultimate in human achievement; to try to set an example for others when our beliefs are true; and the searching out of friends-not only neighbors but neighbors in spirit, who might live in far distant places. We are distant geographically one from another, but we're close because we share so much. I would like to ask all our guests to join me in a toast: To the brave and free people of Kenya and to their leader, President Moi. PRESIDENT MOI. Mr. President, I find it difficult to make a speech, because everybody is ready for dinner. [Laughter] Maybe it is better to start with a short speech and therefore relax. Mr. President, I thank you very sincerely indeed for your warm welcome and kind words about myself and my country. In our African traditions, sharing meals together is a very important element in expression of generosity and friendship. This dinner, Mr. President, has, therefore, great significance for us. I bring to you, Mr. President, and, through you, to all the citizens of the United States warm greetings from the people of Kenya. I'm sure that I do not have to say that Kenyans know something about the United States and its people. Through many programs and cooperation, including trade, technical assistance, other forms of government-to-government programs, cultural contacts, and sports, Kenyans now do know a fair amount about this Nation and its people. Moreover, our interest in you is positive and steadily growing, especially because we share many objectives and values including democratic and constitutional forms of government. I should also add that in you, Mr. President, we in Kenya see a great friend whom we can count upon. Not so long ago when our late President, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, passed away, you sent your own son Chip and his wife to represent you during the funeral ceremony. In the American team for that occasion was Justice Thurgood Marshall, a good friend of ours and someone who assisted in structuring Kenya's Constitution. Your interest and demonstrated friendship to us is one of the reasons why we are very happy to be here this week. Another reason to thank you and the people of the United States-for the help which you have given us since our independence. We were most heartened in the early days of our independence by the great interest which the people of this Nation showed in our future development. That interest was demonstrated in a very visible and concrete.manner through various forms of cooperation-cooperation which included the development of our youth, involving the establishment of our national youth service, and generous offers of training 359 Feb. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and education contribution in your institutions. Indeed, many of the young people who have received education and training in the United States are now in responsible positions in the development of our country; some of them are Ministers. Mr. President, we have done the best we can in making use of assistance received from you and our other friends abroad. If I were asked to summarize the situation so far, I would say that the development of our nation since independence-a development which has been fairly impressive by standards elsewhere in the developing world-is largely due to three factors: The first one is good leadership by our late President; the second is the tremendous determination by our people to promote their own development and welfare; and third is the support received from our friends abroad. In many ways these are the same requirements for the future. However, that future now looks uncertain for countries such as Kenya because of some external forces well beyond their control. In fact, countries such as mine can be described as innocent bystanders when major matters affecting their own survival are being discussed or carried out. It is for this reason that I consider one of the real challenges facing the international community today to be how all of us can participate effectively in planning the future of the international community. Those who are strong and wealthy must not take those who are small and poor for granted. A solution to this particular challenge will, of course, facilitate global solutions for the various crises now facing the world. There is another aspect of this relationship between the strong and wealthy nations on one hand, and the poor nations on the other, which I would like to mention; this is the very important issue of territorial integrity. Some recent events indicate the urgent need to give assurance to all nations that they can live without fear that their territorial integrity will be violated. And there can be no doubt that such fear undermines the very foundation on which to build a happier future for each and every nation. At this juncture I would like to say that no country can be isolated from problems happening elsewhere; they can be for you today and for me tomorrow. So, there is no distinction between what is happening today and what may happen tomorrow to any nation. There are, of course, other urgent matters facing the international community. One of them, which is a particularly dangerous one, is the whole question of prevailing mass poverty in the Third World. As I said in the Federal Republic of Germany last week, there can be no lasting peace and prosperity in any part of the world when there is poverty and despair in most of the world. Moreover, the solution to many of the economic problems now facing the industrial countries can only be solved if there is more rapid development in the Third World. And finally, the world has the resources and technology to deal with the development problem, provided there is political commitment. I believe that the need for such commitment is now obvious to all, because self-interest reinforces the valid arguments based on morality and responsibility. We hope that the United States will be even more active in providing leadership in this field. Mr. President, I should perhaps now stress that the purpose of my present visit to your country is not only to discuss issues like these but also to exchange views on bilateral relations between the United States and Kenya. Here, I'm 360 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 20 happy to say that these relations are good and that I expect them to grow even stronger in the years to come. We in Kenya are trying hard to promote the development of our people, under very severe constraints. Our success so far demonstrates that steady progress towards that objective can be made even without valuable minerals, provided there is peace, effective leadership, and determined efforts on our part and, of course, a favorable external environment. Some people complain that maybe God did not give others oil. I always say, each country has its own gifts from God, and therefore, no one should complain. Somebody from my own country asked me, "Why have we not got oil?" I told him, "We have fresh air; it is a gift of God." [Laughter] Others may have oil, but they suffer from the heat of the Sun. [Laughter] And so, we should not complain. God, even in our generation-and that means we should not be selfish-even in our generation we may not find oil or other valuable things, but in the years to come, our children and the future generations may discover the things which we want to have now. Now, Mr. President, I'm now concerned that recent developments in the eastern African region may create conditions which will make it difficult for us to develop as rapidly as we expected. In particular, it would be disastrous for all the countries of that region if they are compelled to use their own scarce resources on more and more military expenditures. What the region needs is peace, cooperation, and good neighborliness. We in Kenya will continue to do the best we can to promote such a climate. But it is a climate which cannot be established by only one country. This important and urgent job calls for active commitment on the part of each nation involved. Before I sit down, Mr. President, I would like to say that we in Kenya continue to admire your commitment and decisive efforts to uphold human rights everywhere in the world. If there is one thing which can unite us all and which makes ideological arguments truly irrelevant, it is the whole subject of human rights and human dignity. This is so important to the human race. If we can all uphold that principle, then I think you are lucky. The United States, from George Washington up to Jimmy Carter, you have had those cherished ideals, which have made this Nation a strong nation-not the weapons, not other things that matter. It is what has made you so united. It enables the citizens of this great nation, free-free to express the things they want to do and thereby enable each one of you to be free, as God meant us to be. And therefore, we in Kenya value the dignity of man. We therefore strongly support your efforts in this area, in practice, in everything. The reason why-and I indicated it this morning-why I had to ask my National Sports Council that we should not participate in the Olympics, not because of anything else, because our own conscience, our own dignity is being undermined. And I did say this afternoon that nobody should ask me, to sit on me, that I must cooperate. It is ridiculous, when those Afghanistanis are being suppressed, and we are told, "Let us cooperate." And I said before, when the lives of those people are threatened, mine is threatened. Why should I cooperate then? Those who would like to cooperate maybe are following the same ideals-ideals which are not worthwhile supporting. 361 Feb. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 And in any case, we made-we Kenyans, we made sacrifices because we were very hopeful that we were going to secure gold medals, silver, and the rest. Others, of course, are participating with no prospects of securing one. [Laughter] In the case of Africa, there is a particularly serious situation of apartheid in South Africa, which again touches human rights. That situation is a tragic one, because it is also preventing that country from playing its rightful role in the development of Africa, and all which is potentially, exceedingly important. Mr. President, I also take this opportunity to say how we in Kenya are encouraged by your untiring efforts to promote peace and cooperation in the Middle East. Our stand on this matter has been made very clear to all. We urge the nations of that region to accept negotiations as a method for finding a lasting solution, a solution which must include a homeland for the Palestinian people and a solution which must also include acceptance of the right to live for all the people of the Middle East. Finally, Mr. President, I want to thank you for the discussions we had today. As I explained, the economic problems created by external forces beyond our control compel us to look for more assistance from the United States and other friends. Here I should add that we also look forward to greater private investment. Our policies in this field and our commitment to honor our obligations are well known. Mr. President, once again I thank you and Mrs. Carter for this reception. I hope you will one day visit us in Kenya. If it were not that you are in the middle of elections, I would say I invite you to Kenya. [Laughter] Nevertheless, I wish you success, and my invitation is extended to you, hoping that you will succeed [laughter]-and come and see us, see our little country, Kenya. And now, ladies and gentlemen, I ask you to rise and join me in a toast: To the health and happiness of President Carter and strengthened cooperation between the United States and the Republic of Kenya. THE PRESIDENT. I'll drink to that. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:10 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Death of Alice Roosevelt Longworth Statement by the President. February 20, 1980 Alice Roosevelt Longworth was part of the life of Washington for so long that it will be hard to imagine this city without her. As the teenage daughter of a young President, she burst upon the scene with the dawning of the new century, and throughout her long, full life she always seemed to personify the freshness and irreverence of modern times. She had style, she had grace, and she had a sense of humor that kept generations of political newcomers to Washington wondering which was worse-to be skewered by her wit or to be ignored by her. Rosalynn and I extend our sympathy to Mrs. Longworth's granddaughter, Joanna Sturm, and to her many friends. Radiation Policy Council Executive Order 12194. February 21, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, and in 362 - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 21 order to coordinate the development of Federal radiation protection policy, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-1. Establishment. 1-101. There is established the Radiation Policy Council. 1-102. The Council shall be composed of the heads of the following agencies or their representatives and such others as the President may designate: (a) The Department of Defense. (b) The Department of Justice. (c) The Department of Commerce. (d) The Department of Labor. (e) The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (f) The Department of Housing and Urban Development. (g) The Department of Transportation. (h) The Department of Energy. (i) The Veterans Administration. (j) The Environmental Protection Agency. (k) The National Science Foundation. (1) The Federal Emergency Management Agency. (m) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is invited to participate. 1-103. The head of each agency represented on the Council may designate an official of the equivalent rank of Assistant Secretary or higher level to serve as the agency's representative. 1-104. The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, or any agency representative designated by him, shall chair the Council. 1-2. Functions. 1-201. The Council shall coordinate the formulation and implementation of Federal policy relating to radiation protection. In carrying out this function, the Council shall: (a) advise on the formulation of broad radiation protection policy; (b) monitor implementation of Federal radiation protection policies by Federal agencies; (c) assist in the resolution of conflicts in jurisdiction among Federal agencies and recommend corrective legislation if needed; (d) ensure effective liaison with the States and the Congress; (e) serve as a forum for public participation and comment; and (f) perform such other functions as the President may direct. 1-202. The Council shall keep the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Council on Environmental Quality informed of the activities of the Council. 1-203. The Council shall prepare an annual report of its activities and transmit the report to the President and the heads of the agencies represented on the Council on or before September 30 of each year. 1-3. General Provisions. 1-301. The Environmental Protection Agency, to the extent permitted by law, shall furnish administrative support, funds, staff, and other assistance to the Council as necessary to carry out its functions. 1-302. Federal agencies, to the extent permitted by law, shall provide to the Council that information and assistance which it requests in order to carry out its functions. 1-303. The Council shall transmit its final annual report and terminate four years after the date of this Order. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 21, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:14 p.m., February 21, 1980] 363 Feb. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Radiation Protection Program Announcement of New Initiatives. February 21, 1980 The President has signed an Executive order creating a Radiation Policy Council and has directed the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) to establish an Interagency Radiation Research Committee. These actions implement decisions announced by the President on October 23, 1979, designed to improve the Federal Government's policies and programs related to radiation protection. The Radiation Policy Council will coordinate the Federal programs to reduce exposures to radiation from all sources, including medical and dental exposures, will be responsible for resolving conflicts in jurisdiction among Federal agencies, and will recommend corrective legislation when needed. The Council will be responsible for liaison with the States and the Congress. It will also serve as a forum for public participation and comment and will stimulate information programs for the public and the media. Douglas M. Costle, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, will chair the Radiation Policy Council. Other members will be high officials of the Departments of Defense, Justice, Commerce, Labor, HEW, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, and Energy, also the Veterans Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has been invited to participate. The Interagency Radiation Research Committee will supersede an active, congressionally mandated committee, which has already reviewed various federally supported studies. The Committee will prepare an annual report on Federal re search activities for use in the President's budget request. The President's budget request for FY 1981 includes $111.5 million for research on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, work supported by 15 agencies or departments. The budget is the result of a cross-agency review conducted by the Office of Management and Budget and the Office of Science and Technology Policy at the President's direction. This budget will assure a sound research program on the long-term health effects of low-level radiation and appropriate roles for the major agencies involved. Today's actions complement the President's announcements on December 7, 1979, of his response to the recommendations of the Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island, and on February 12, 1980, of his comprehensive program for management of radioactive wastes. These actions, taken together, substantially enhance the coordination of the Federal Government's varied activities related to radiation. These actions will improve the protection of the American people from unnecessary exposures to medical, occupational, and environmental sources of radiation and increase their understanding of radiation uses and radiation hazards. United States Ambassador to Mauritius Nomination of Robert C. F. Gordon. February 21, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Robert C. F. Gordon, of Berkeley, Calif., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Mauritius. He would 364 --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 21 replace Samuel Gammon, resigned. Gordon has been coordinator for the handicapped at the State Department since 1978. He was born March 19, 1920, in Berkeley, Calif. He received a B.A. (1941) and an M.A. (1949) from the University of California at Berkeley. From 1941 to 1946, Gordon was with Bethlehem Steel Corp., and from 1946 to 1948, he was with Tri-Metals Corp. He joined the Foreign Service in 1950 and served as a foreign affairs analyst at the State Department and then as a political officer in Baghdad and Khartoum. From 1961 to 1963, he was a personnel officer at the State Department, and from 1963 to 1964, he attended the National War College. From 1964 to 1965, he was Deputy Chief of Mission in Dar es Salaam. From 1965 to 1970, Gordon was counselor for political-military affairs in Rome. He was special assistant for welfare and grievances at the State Department from 1970 to 1972. From 1972 to 1978, he was consul general in Florence. Northern Mariana Islands Proclamation 4726. February 21, 1980 APPLICATION OF CERTAIN LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The Northern Mariana Islands, as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, are administered by the United States under a Trusteeship Agreement be tween the United States and the Security Council of the United Nations (61 Stat. 3301). Pursuant to Article 6, paragraph 2 of the Trusteeship Agreement, the United States has undertaken to promote the economic advancement and selfsufficiency of the inhabitants and to encourage the development of the fisheries of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The United States and the Northern Mariana Islands have entered into a Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America (Public Law 94-241; 90 Stat. 263) pursuant to which many provisions of the laws of the United States have become applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands as of January 9, 1978 (Proclamation No. 4534, Sec. 2). Section 1004(a) of the Covenant provides that if the President finds a provision of the Constitution or laws of the United States to be inconsistent with the Trusteeship Agreement, the application of that provision to the Northern Mariana Islands may be suspended until the termination of that Agreement. Certain provisions of the vessel documentation laws of the United States, applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands, prevent citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands and the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands from using foreignbuilt, United States registered fishing vessels owned by such citizens or owned by or in the custody of the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands to fish in the territorial sea and fishery conservation zone around the Northern Mariana Islands and to land their catch of fish in the Northern Mariana Islands. Because of the considerable distance of the Northern Mariana Islands from American shipyards and resultant high transportation 365 Feb. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 costs associated with the purchase of American-built ships for use in the Northern Marianas fisheries, this result is inconsistent with the undertakings assumed by the United States in the Trusteeship Agreement to provide for the economic advancement and self-sufficiency of the inhabitants and to encourage the development of the fisheries of the Northern Mariana Islands. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Section 1004 (a) of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, do hereby find, declare and proclaim as follows: 1. Any provision of the vessel documentation laws of the United States which prevents the citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands or the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands from using foreign-built, United States registered fishing vessels, owned by such citizens or owned by or in the custody of the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands, to fish in the territorial sea and fishery conservation zone around the Northern Mariana Islands and to land their catch of fish in the Northern Mariana Islands, including that part of R.S. 4132, as amended, 46 U.S.C. 11, which reads "* * X which are to engage only in trade with foreign countries, with the Islands of Guam, Tutuila, Wake, Midway, and Kingman Reef a *," would be inconsistent with the objectives of the Trusteeship Agreement to the extent it has this effect. 2. The application of any such provision to foreign-built, United States registered fishing vessels owned by citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands or owned by or in the custody of the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands, is suspended to the extent it is inconsistent as described in Section 1 above until the termination of the Trusteeship Agreement for the Former Japanese Mandated Islands in the Pacific (61 Stat. 3301). Foreign-built fishing vessels owned by citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands or owned by or in the custody of the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands may therefore be registered under R.S. 4132, as amended, 46 U.S.C. 11, and any restrictive endorsement upon such register, prescribed by 46 CFR 67.63-9(b) pursuant to 46 U.S.C. 11, shall be without effect insofar as it would prevent the citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands or the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands from using foreign-built, United States registered fishing vessels owned by such citizens or owned by or in the custody of the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands to fish in the territorial sea and fishery conservation zone surrounding the Northern Mariana Islands and to land their catch of fish in the Northern Mariana Islands. 3. For the purposes of this proclamation, the seaward limit of the fishery conservation zone surrounding the Northern Mariana Islands is 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, except that to the north of the Northern Mariana Islands, the limit of the fishery conservation zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: 1. 20052'42"N., 141~20'53"E. 2. 23~02'19"N., 144000'56"E. 3. 23053'25"N., 145005'59"E. and, except that to the south of the Northern Mariana Islands, the limit of the fishery conservation zone shall be determined by straight lines connecting the following points: 366 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 21 4. 15043'28"N., 142005'43"E. 5. 14055'18"N., 143015'29"E. 6. 14047'43"N., 143026'23"E. 7. 14030'07"N., 143051'50"E. 8. 14011'10"N., 144026'36"E. 9. 14005'34"N., 144036'47"E. 10. 13057'14"N., 144051'43"E. 11. 13053'11"N., 144059'19"E. 12. 13051'18"N., 145~03'00"E. 13. 13051'16"N., 145003'05"E. 14. 13 51'00"N., 145003'36"E. 15. 13050'11"N., 145006'15"E. 16. 13049'15"N., 145008'37"E. 17. 13047'40"N., 145012'31"E. 18. 13046'00"N., 1450 16'14"E. 19. 13045'27"N., 145017'23"E. 20. 13041'18"N., 145026'08"E. 21. 13037'16"N., 145034'33"E. 22. 13036'23"N., 145036'21"E. 23. 13035'54"N., 145037'14"E. 24. 13016'24"N., 146~12'14"E. 25. 13005'18"N., 146032'02"E. 26. 13000'17"N., 146041'05"E. 27. 12033'02"N., 147029'57"E. 28. 12014'34"N., 1480O3'11"E. 29. 12013'55"N., 148004'31"E. 4. For the purposes of this proclamation, a "citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands" is defined as: (1) an individual citizen of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands who is exclusively domiciled, within the meaning of Section 1005 (e) of the Covenant, in the Northern Mariana Islands; (2) a partnership, unincorporated company, or association whose members are all citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands as defined in (1) above; or (3) a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Northern Mariana Islands, of which the president or other chief executive officer and the chairman of the board of directors are citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands as defined in (1) above and no more of its directors than a minority of the number necessary to constitute a quorum are not citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands as defined in (1) above. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:41 p.m., February 22, 1980] Energy and National Security Remarks at a White House Briefing for Community Leaders. February 21, 1980 I know you've had a good briefing from Dr. Brzezinski and also from Stu Eizenstat, but I would like to tell you, from the perspective of the Oval Office and from the perspective of the Commander in Chief of the American Armed Forces, how important this subject is. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan would have been of deep concern to us under any circumstances, and the holding of American hostages would have been of deep concern to us under any circumstances. But the fact that both these actions have taken place in the Persian Gulf region means that we not only have a deep concern but the vital interests of our country, our security is dangerously threatened. For 3 years now, we have been dealing with the question of energy security: How can we remove the debilitating vulnerability which now afflicts our country because we are so heavily dependent on foreign oil? For 3 years, we have been trying to get a comprehensive energy policy approved by the Congress, established into law, to give our Nation the ability and the inspiration and the cohesion and the understanding to reduce this overdependence and to give our allies, our friends, our trading partners, and those who supply us with oil from 367 Feb. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 overseas a clear concept of where our Nation will go in the future. Other nations look to us for leadership. We have not provided that leadership. We've got three conference committees that have been working on legislation now for months. The windfall profits tax committee has acted, in the last few days, in a very responsible way; final action by them is imminent. The conferees on the energy security corporation and on the energy mobilization board have not acted responsibly. For week after week after week, they have failed to resolve the relatively minor differences among them, and our Nation waits and waits and waits for them to present back to the Congress their recommendations so that final action can be taken. The American people are ready for us to move on energy, and the Congress is ready for us to move on energy. The Congress has acted, both the House and the Senate, but the conference committees themselves have not seen fit to act. It's of deep concern to me. And I hope that all of you, as responsible American leaders, will join with me in demanding that the Congress stop this unnecessary delay and provide, for the Congress to finally vote and for me to finally sign, these last remaining pieces of legislation. When that is concluded, as far as the law is concerned, our country will have the basis for a viable, adequate, long-range, understandable energy policy. I say that not in a spirit of condemnation or criticism of individual Members of Congress, but to express in the most sincere way to you the deep sense of concern that I feel. The American people are also waiting for some clear expression of guidance from the Government on how they can conserve additional quantities of energy. We are now seeking from the Congress the allocation of enough funds to run a nationwide media campaign during prime time-when people watch the television, listen to the radio, read the newspaperson how they can individually cooperate, on a continuing basis, to conserve energy. We've made some progress there, and public service media are helping. But this needs to be supplemented because it is so crucial to us. In 1968 this country was exporting energy-net exporting of energy. As you know, we now are heavily dependent on imported energy. By the time I came in office in 1977, about half the total oil that we used came from overseas, and the price had been escalating rapidly. We have actually cut down the quantity of oil we import since I've been in office, because of the first effects of energy legislation passed a little more than a year ago and because of an aroused consciousness of Americans about the need for saving energy and also because we have marshaled support from other nations to join in with us and derive mutual benefit from that support. Where we go from here is of crucial importance to everyone in this room and to our country. We have been blessed with enormous energy reserves. The figures that I have indicate that the total OPEC nations, all combined, have about 6 percent of the world's energy supplies; we have, ourselves, 24 percent. Ours are highly diverse in nature, with coal, shale, oil, natural gas, geothermal energy, and so forth. But what we need to do is to become more energy self-sufficient. We don't anticipate being completely independent of a need for imported oil, but we want to reduce that dependence to such a degree that in an emergency, if we have to, we could do without oil from a certain part of the world-troubled world, unstable worldand not have a crippling, adverse effect on our country. 368 ----- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 22 There are only two things that we can do to accomplish this goal. One is to produce more American energy, and the other is to conserve the energy that we have or that we buy. If our plan is put into effect by the Congress, then an anticipated 14 million barrels of oil to be imported per day by 1990 will have been reduced down to 4 or 5 million barrels per day. And in the process we will have greatly increased our own ability to use replenishable supplies of energy, derived directly or indirectly from the Sun; improved the use of coal, which we have in adequate supply; and had that coal converted to use where the quality of our environment will not be damaged. I don't think there is much prospect that we would increase the rate of production of oil. Most of our American oil wells, as you know, have been in use for a long time. We are now drilling very deep wells. We are reopening wells that had formerly been abandoned, which were not economically feasible; but with a higher price, they can produce a few barrels of oil per day. We've had some increased exploration since the new energy legislation has been in effect. I think last month we had more oil-drilling rigs in use than any time in the last 20 or 21 years. And of course, Alaska has helped a great deal, with roughly 2 million barrels per day coming into our country. This is an extremely complicated subject, perhaps the most complicated and difficult, in its totality, that the Congress has ever had to address. And our Nation has changed, painfully, from one which had squandered cheap oil to one that is now confronting rapidly increasing prices of energy under all circumstances. And our Congress has had to change, painfully, from one which was responsive to an acutely interested energy lobby to one which has now got to balance an acutely interested energy lobby with an acutely interested consumer lobby. Now they are fairly equally balanced. But in the past it was not necessary for American consumers to be particularly interested in how the oil situation was handled, because back a few years ago, oil was a dollar and a half a barrel, and now, as you know, it's extremely high priced-30 to 40 dollars a barrel. The purpose of this meeting is to equate accurately energy security with our Nation's military security; there's no way to separate the two. And I know that Dr. Brzezinski has given you an overall strategic assessment, and Stu Eizenstat has given you an analysis of the present circumstances with legislation. I would be glad to answer just a couple of questions. I don't want to belabor it too long. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:16 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. The question-and-answer session is not included in the transcript. Pittsburgh Pirates and Steelers Remarks at a White House Reception for the Championship Baseball and Football Teams. February 22, 1980 As you may all know, this is a special year for politicians. [Laughter] And when I began to think who, in the entire Nation, can give me best advice on how to meet a tough challenge successfully and win great victories, I naturally remembered the Pirates and the Steelers. And I'm very grateful that you've come. I would like to welcome Mayor Dick Caliguiri, Mayor Lou Tullio from Erie, Congressmen Gaydos, Walgren, Frank Horton, Austin Murphy, and to say how delighted I am to join in with all of you in 369,ii-~-~ -~ ---p ---~ --- —-— ~ ----~~ --- —---------- ----------- Feb. 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 this salute to a place that really deserves to be called the "City of Champions." I want to include in this salute not only Pittsburgh iself but to the entire western region of Pennsylvania, because I don't know of any team or set of teams that have had such overwhelming and constant and enthusiastic support than these two teams have had from the entire region of Pennsylvania-and I might say, looking at my own members of my family, not only from western Pennsylvania but from the White House as well and from Plains, Georgia. [Laughter] Let me start with the Pirates. It was my honor and my pleasure to be present in the Pittsburgh locker room last fall on the final night of the World Series. I escaped without getting tramped, by the skin of my teeth. But it was one of those exciting, historic moments in sport, when the entire Nation was thrilled at a tremendous achievement. I've not forgotten those exciting moments. And I particularly remember the spirit of brotherhood and cooperation and common purpose and friendship and a team spirit, the kind of a sense of being a family. And that's what made this team great; that's what made them champions. And I think the whole country was inspired, because they were known, as you know, as a team that said, "We are family." Also, of course, we've got the Pittsburgh Steelers, who've shown the same kind of spirit and unity and courage and commitment and ability. Four times in the last 10 years the Steelers have gone to the Super Bowl; I've forgotten how many times they won-[Laughter]-4 times. This is a tremendous achievement for them and for all those who support them and all those who helped to make this great victory possible. Excellence on a transient basis is much easier than excellence sustained over a long period of time, and it requires not only a great spirit but a deep and permanent commitment to sustain that kind of championship form. I've had a good opportunity to work with the two mayors here and with the Members of Congress who are assembled here on this stage. It's kind of a political family or political teamwork, typical of our country. In these trying times it's almost imperative that our Nation be united, that our Nation be strong and courageous, that our Nation be consistent in its purposes, that our Nation be inspired, that our Nation be willing to meet hardship without flinching, and that our Nation be united as a great family. And that's what has been exhibited in the United States of America during the last few weeks. As President, I'm very proud of this achievement, and I'm very proud to lead a nation like this. We've got, as you know, a tremendous achievement represented by these men on the stage with me. Not only have they brought honor and credit to their team but they've brought honor and credit to their community, because of a spirit of service to others. I think the reciprocal nature of that unselfish attitude has paid rich dividends for them as teams. They've not ignored Pittsburgh; they've not ignored western Pennsylvania; they've not ignored the United States of America; as a matter of fact, they've not ignored people who are in need, all over the world. Roberto Clemente, one of the greatest Pittsburgh Pirates who ever lived, was killed in a plane crash, I believe in 1972, while working in relief efforts for the people of Nicaragua. And there have been other demonstrations of courage and a willingness to overcome handicaps and to meet challenges with success. 370 I III_ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 22 Rocky Bleier, here, of the Steelers, fought for our country, as you know, in Vietnam. This was not a popular war. It always requires courage to fight and to risk one's life, but it requires even more courage when there is not an overwhelming sense of patriotism and support, as there was missing during the Vietnam war years. When I was in the Navy during the Second World War, during Korea, I felt that there was a united country behind me, giving me every possible support and every expression of gratitude. My oldest son served in Vietnam, too, as a volunteer. And when he came home, he had a different kind of response, because many people did not appreciate the willingness of our country to fight for freedom there. But as you know, Rocky Bleier did go. He was wounded severely. Some doctors, I understand, even said that he would not recover. But now he's been able to overcome a combat injury of very serious nature, and he's played 10 rugged years of championship professional football. I could brag a lot about the team members. I don't want to confine myself exclusively to those who play on the field. Art Rooney, the owner of the Steelers, has also made his unique contribution to his community. For almost 50 years he has kept his faith in the city of Pittsburgh, and for many of those years-I won't mention how many-when the Pirates were not champions, he believed, sometimes alone, that the city would one day be the home of champions. And now he's been proven to be right. In fact, he's been proven to be doubly right, as is exhibited on the stage here with me this afternoon. Art Rooney's Steelers and Dan Galbreath's Pirates have now established some great traditions, not only of winning games, not only of winning championships in athletic events but of teamwork off the field as well. What they have done has united a community, has united a region of our Nation, and has aroused the admiration of every American who's interested in sports, interested in courage, interested in achievement, interested in cooperation and teamwork, interested in the spirit of patriotism and the value of a close family relationship. It's my honor, as President of the United States, to add my voice to the salute that is being paid to the Pirates, to the Steelers, to western Pennsylvania, and today especially, to Pittsburgh. Thank you all very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:42 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Office of Management and Budget Nomination of Karen Hastie Williams To Be Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy. February 22, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Karen Hastie Williams, of Washington, D.C., to be Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy in the Office of Management and Budget. She would replace Lester Fettig, resigned. Williams has been chief counsel of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget since 1977. She was born September 30, 1944, in Washington, D.C. She received a B.A. from Bates College, in 1966, an M.A. from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in 1967, and a J.D. from Columbus Law School at Catholic University in 1973. From 1973 to 1974, Williams was law clerk to Judge Spottswood W. Robinson III of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. From 1974 to 1975, she was law clerk to Associate 371 Feb. 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court. From 1975 to 1977, she was an associate attorney with the Washington firm of Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Kampelman. Williams is on the board of directors of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund and serves on the Hearing Committee of the Board on Professional Responsibility, D.C. Court of Appeals. She is a member of the National Association of Black Women Attorneys. Four Corners Regional Commission Nomination of Gary Blakeley To Be Federal Cochairman. February 22, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Gary Blakeley, of Santa Fe, N. Mex., as Federal Cochairman of the Four Corners Regional Commission. Blakeley, 31, is head of the Energy and Conservation Management Division of the New Mexico State Energy and Minerals Department. He has served on the New Mexico Public Service Commission and as an energy consultant. President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations Executive Order 12195. February 22, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, and in order to review and recommend ways to improve United States-Liberian relations, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-1. Establishment. 1-101. There is established the President's Commission on United StatesLiberian Relations. 1-102. (a) The membership of the Commission shall be composed of not more than sixteen persons, as follows. Twelve shall be appointed by the President. The President of the United States Senate and the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives are each invited to designate two members. (b) The President shall designate a Chairman from among the members of the Commission. 1-2. Functions. 1-201. The Commission shall conduct a comprehensive review of our relations with Liberia and will provide recommendations to improve this relationship. In particular, the Commission shall: (a) Make an overall assessment of United States-Liberian relations. (b) Identify problem areas and constraints to a better functioning relationship. (c) Develop appropriate recommendations based on the Commission's findings. 1-202. The Commission shall prepare and transmit to the President of the United States and to the Secretary of State, a final report of its findings and recommendations. 1-3. Administration. 1-301. Members of the Commission who are not otherwise full-time officers or employees of the Federal government shall receive no compensation for their work on the Commission. All members shall be entitled to travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law. 372 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 22 1-302. The Department of State shall, to the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of funds, provide the Commission with such funds, facilities, support and services as may be necessary for the performance of the Commission's functions. 1-4. Final Report and Termination. 1-401. The final report required by Section 1-202 of this Order shall be transmitted not later than two months from the date of the Commission's visit to Liberia. 1-402. The Commission shall terminate upon the transmittal of its final report, but in any event not later than six months from the date this Order is issued. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 22, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:06 a.m., February 25, 1980] President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations Announcement of the Establishment of the Commission and Designation of the Chair and Vice Chair. February 22, 1980 The President today announced the establishment of the President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations and announced the appointment of the Chair and Vice Chair. The 16-member Commission, established by Executive order today, grew out of discussions between President Carter and President Tolbert of Liberia late last year. It is charged with undertaking a broad-based and general study of U.S.Liberian relationships in all areas. The Commission will be made up of recognized U.S. experts from various disciplines and will travel to Liberia to gather firsthand information. It will report its findings and recommendations to the President within two months of its return from Liberia. The President will designate Congressman William H. Gray III of Pennsylvania as Chair of the Commission. Gray, 37, is on the Africa subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. The President will designate Andrew F. Brimmer as Vice Chair. Brimmer, 43, is an economist and financial consultant who has served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce and as a member of the Federal Reserve Board. He is the author of several articles on the international and African perspectives of economic development. The other members of the Commission will be announced shortly. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. February 16 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Tosiwo Nakayama, President, and Bethuel Henry, Speaker of the Congress, Federated States of Micronesia, and Senator Daniel K. Inouye of Hawaii. 373 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 February 19 The President met at the White House with Dr. Brzezinski. In the evening the President attended a buffet dinner and participated in a briefing by administration officials on national defense and foreign policy issues, given for Members of the House of Representatives on the State Floor of the White House. February 20 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -the Democratic congressional leadership; -Representative Thomas J. Downey of New York; -Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. The White House announced that the President has declared a major disaster for the State of Arizona as a result of severe storms and flooding beginning on or about February 13, which caused extensive property damage. February 21 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of Energy Charles W. Duncan, Jr., Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, Under Secretary of Labor John N. Gentry, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Robert Carswell, James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, R. Robert Russell, Director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability, Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President, and Mr. Schultze; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas; -Representative Herbert E. Harris II of Virginia; -Col. Lawrence R. O'Grady, national president, and J. Milnor Roberts, executive director, Reserve Officers Association; -Representative David E. Bonior of Michigan; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President. February 22 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -officers of the Public Employees Federation of New York. The White House announced that the President has declared a major disaster for the State of California as a result of severe storms, mudslides, and flooding beginning on or about January 8, which caused extensive property damage. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David, Md. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted February 19, 1980 ABRAHAM KATZ, of Florida, to be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce (new position). THOMAS H. HENDERSON, JR., of Maryland, to 374 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted February 19-Continued be Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board for a term of 5 years, vice Haywood Patrick Swygert, resigned. Submitted February 22, 1980 ROBERT C. F. GORDON, of California, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Mauritius. THOMAS EDWARD DELAHANTY II, of Maine, to be United States Attorney for the District of Maine for the term of 4 years, vice George J. Mitchell, elevated. KAREN HASTIE WILLIAMS, of the District of Columbia, to be Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy, vice Lester A. Fettig, resigned. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released February 19, 1980 Advance text: remarks at the annual conference of the American Legion CHECKLIST-Continued Released February 20, 1980 Announcement: Federal program to assist the Florida State and Dade County governments meet the emergency needs of undocumented Haitians in southern Florida Released February 22, 1980 Announcement: nomination of Thomas E. Delahanty II to be United States Attorney for the District of Maine ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved February 18, 1980 H.R. 2440 --- —-------- Public Law 96-193 Aviation Safety and Noise Abatement Act of 1979. Approved February 21, 1980 S.J. Res. 108 --- —------ Public Law 96-194 A joint resolution to validate the effectiveness of certain plans for the use or distribution of funds appropriated to pay judgments awarded to Indian tribes or groups. 375 I Week Ending Friday, February 29, 1980 United Jewish Appeal Remarks at the Organization's National Young Leadership Conference. February 25, 1980 First, I'd like to say to Phil Schaeffer that both I and his mother-in-law appreciate that introduction. [Laughter] This is an exciting day for me, to come here and to see the spirit and dedication, the hope, the idealism, the common purpose, the exemplification of the ideals of our Nation which permeate this audience, and to go, in just a few minutes, to greet the winner of five gold medals in speed skating and an American hockey team that whipped the Soviets and went on to bring the gold medal to our people. This is a wonderful weekend for me and a wonderful morning for me as well. I want to thank Stanley Frankel and Bobi Klotz for meeting me outside and the members of the leadership of the conference of United Jewish Appeal for letting me come this morning. You and I have common goals and common purposes, a common dedication which binds us together, both collectively and individually. It's a pleasure to be here, because this group embodies the support of the American people for the poor, the aged, the deprived, the suffering, the persecuted, and also because you embody the support for the peace and the security of Israel. Your support for Israel is an example for the American people. And as I hope you know quite well, this is a commitment which I share with you now and in the future. Since 1977, when I became President, with the help of Phil and many of you, we have recommended over $10 billion in military and economic assistance for Israel. This aid is important for Israel's security and for the well-being of the people who live in that free and democratic nation. And we will continue to provide sufficient aid to Israel to enable it to defend itself against any possible adversary. And you can depend on that. In a ceremony in front of the White House, on the South Grounds of the White House, I told Prime Minister Begin on the anniversary of the founding of Israel, and I'd like to quote: "For 30 years we have stood at the side of the proud and independent nation of Israel. I can say without reservation, speaking on behalf of the American people, that we will continue to do so, not just for 30 years but forever." I would like to emphasize, in the strongest possible terms, that our aid for Israel is not only altruistic; indeed, our close retionship with Israel is in the moral and the strategic interest of the United States. There is a mutual relationship and there is a mutual benefit and there is a mutual commitment, which has been impressed very deeply in my mind and also in the minds of the leaders of my Government and the Government of Israel. And I will continue to work with the leaders of Israel to strengthen even further our common commitments and our common goals. We know that in a time of crisis, we can count on Israel. And the people of Israel know that in a time of crisis, they can count on the United States. 377 Feb. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 And we are working with Israel to meet the dangers that threaten American and Western interests in the broadest sense. Israel is an important force for stability in the Middle East. It has a vital role to play in meeting threats to that entire region. Tomorrow will be another great day for me and for you. Egypt and Israel will exchange Ambassadors. The first time I ever met with President Sadat, on the second floor of the White House in my private quarters, we sat in adjacent chairs, and I spelled out to him, early in 1977, my hopes and my dreams for the future relationship between Israel and Egypt. I said, "Someday I would like to see the borders open. And someday I would like to see a recognition that you all can live in peace after four wars in 30 years. And someday I would even like to see a recognition by you of Israel as a sovereign nation." And he responded to me. "Mr. President, it may be possible for us to stabilize the situation, and it may be possible for us to have successful negotiations in the future. But in my lifetime we will never see diplomatic recognition between Israel and Egypt." And I responded, "President Sadat, please don't give up. Give us 4 or 5 years to work on it." And he said, "Well, I'll keep an open mind, but this is one goal which I don't think will be possible in my lifetime." Tomorrow it will come true-a dream-and I'm very grateful for it. It's an incredible event and a hopeful beginning for peace and for reconciliation among the nations of the Middle East. It caps an intensive 3-year effort-3 years that include President Sadat's historic visit to Jerusalem, the Camp David summit, which was characterized ahead of time as a wasted effort, my own journey last year to Israel and to Egypt, and an historic accord that was signed on the north side of the White House last May [March] in a binding treaty between two ancient, warring countries, which are now friends, one with another. After more than 30 years of conflict and after more than four major wars, peace has become not just a hope but a living reality on one major frontier of that beloved country. These extraordinary months have changed the political landscape of the entire Middle Eastforever, we pray-toward a permanent and a comprehensive peace. In the days ahead, we will work to solidify the peaceful relationship between Israel and Egypt and to expand that peace to encompass all the neighboring countries which surround Israel. Resolution of the Palestinian issue in all its aspects, an achievement of a comprehensive peace on the basis of U.N. Resolutions 242 and 338 and the Camp David accords, is the best way, in the long run, to ensure Israel's security. We are now embarked on a negotiation which is persistent and determined, under the leadership of Ambassador Sol Linowitz, Ambassador Yosef Burg, and Prime Minister Mustafa Khalil, aiming for two goals: first, a self-governing authority for the Palestinians who live in the West Bank and Gaza, to enable them to participate in the determination of their own future; and second, arrangements to preserve Israel's legitimate security requirements, to be recognized not only by us but by all nations. Let me assure you that in this negotiation, as we work for the legitimate rights of the Palestinians, recognized in the Camp David accords by Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat, that we will countenance no action which could hurt Israel's security. This is because of our commitment to Israel's security and wellbeing, and it's because Israel's security is so closely linked to the security of the United States of America. 378 _ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 25 Also let me restate a clear policy that has guided me through all these deliberations and which will guide me in the future. I am opposed to an independent Palestinian state, because in my own judgment and in the judgment of many leaders in the Middle East, including many Arab leaders, this would be a destabilizing factor in the Middle East and would certainly not serve the United States interests. I will not negotiate with nor recognize the Palestine Liberation Organization, unless it first recognizes Israel's right to exist and accepts United Nations Security Resolutions 242 and 338. It is past time for a total end to terrorism against Israel and the people who live there. And finally, let me add that my policy of promoting human rights throughout the world remains firm. In 3 years we have made this an important matter on the world agenda. I don't believe this issue escapes the constant notice and awareness of any leader in any nation on Earth. Rather than look the other way, for instance, we have insisted that the Soviet Union live up to its public promises, made in the Helsinki accords, to protect the political and the social rights of its own citizens and of others. Support for human rights, like support for Israel, is an expression of basic American ideals. I wish you well in your deliberations here. You represent the finest aspects of the future of our country. Working together we can build a better America, and working together we can build a more peaceful world. That's my prayer, which I share with you. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:09 a.m. in the Sheraton Ballroom at the Sheraton-Park Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to Philip A. Schaeffer, Stanley D. Frankel, and Bobi Klotz, members of the executive committee of the Young Leadership Cabinets. United States Olympic Team Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for Participants in the 1980 Winter Games. February 25, 1980 For me, as President of the United States of America, this is one of the proudest moments that I've ever experienced. These are wonderful young Americans, and they have thrilled our Nation. And we're all deeply grateful for your tremendous achievements. Immediately after the hockey game between the United States and the Soviet Union, I placed a call to Herb Brooks, congratulated him and the team, told him how proud we were of all of them, and invited this group to come to the White House. He said, "Mr. President, we've got another game to play Sunday morning, and I can't promise that we'll come until we see how that event goes." And I said, "Well, if you can come, we'd certainly like for you to do so." [Laughter] He said, "Well, after the Olympics are over, I think there are some buses that will be available at Lake Placid to bring us to the White House." [Laughter] And I said, "If you don't mind, Herb, I think I'll send a couple of planes to pick you up." [Laughter] So, here they are. And we're very proud of them. This has been a wonderful week for our country. These young men and women have performed magnificently, and as the whole Nation knows, this group has won as many medals as any Winter Olympic team in history. But to the team, I would like to say that, even more importantly, you've conducted yourselves in the finest traditions of our country and of the Olympic ideal. You've thrilled the entire world. Eric Heiden's performance at these winter games will be remembered for years to come-when he won a gold medal for 379 Feb. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 speed skating in the 500-meter, 1,000 -meter, 1,500-meter, 5,000-meter, and 10,000-meter races. I know from personal experience how long a 10,000-meter race is. [Laughter] As all of you know, Eric Heiden will take his place in Olympics history along with greats like Jim Thorpe, Jesse Owens, Mark Spitz, Nadia Comaneci, Jean Claude Killy, and others who have distinguished themselves in an extraordinary way. The U.S. hockey team-their victory was one of the most breathtaking upsets not only in Olympic history but in the entire history of sport. And I also want to congratulate the other medal winners, who thrilled us with their wonderful performance: Linda Fratianne-where is Linda? Leah Poulos Mueller, who won two silver medals. This is Linda Fratianne-isn't she beautiful?and Leah, with two silver medals. And I would like to say that my heart went out especially to Beth Heiden, who did a tremendous job. And I think she deserves an awful lot of credit. Beth? To Charlie Tickner, who was introduced earlier. Charlie? Is he here? Beautiful performance. And I'd like to say a special word about Phil Mahre. His performance was particularly admirable because, as you well know, less than a year ago he sustained a crippling injury-on the same mountain, as a matter of fact-and many of his doctors said that he might never ski again or race again. What he accomplished in winning a silver medal represents vividly the courage and the competition, dedication of the Olympics in the finest possible way. But medal or no medal, Phil would deserve our respect and our admiration just for participating in this highly competitive sport. But for all of you, the measure of your achievement is the effort and the dedication you gave to making a great team and to giving it all you had. Glenn Job, Susan Charlesworth, Al Ashton, Walter Malmquist, and everyone of you here today have made Americans proud. That pride in personal achievement and in honoring the ideals of the Olympics, which you share with your teammates, your coaches, your families, and your fellow Americans, is even more important than any medal. Some people live their whole lives without ever devoting themselves to one major attempt for achievement. It's hard for them to appreciate what it means to get up before dawn, year after year, when others are still asleep, to be in training when others are enjoying, themselves, to endure pain and exhaustion and disappointment, to give not just your time and energy but your entire self to achieving a great goal. To go through all of that personal sacrifice is indeed a great achievement. And then to suffer an injury or some other obstacle that eliminates from final competition is tough to accept. But to go through that sacrifice and then have chances dashed by something that really has nothing to do with your own efforts can be an even harder blow. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has violated peace and the principles of the Olympics. And it has caused us to make a motion that the Olympics be moved or postponed this summer. I intend to meet soon with a representative group of our summer athletes to talk to them about an alternative world-class competition for them this summer that does not harm Olympic principles and will not harm future Olympic games. We often hear it said that there are no more heroes. We're all supposed to be too 380 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 25 sophisticated for the recognition of heroes. But our Olympic athletes are heroes. They endure long and brutal training schedules. They make hard sacrifices, and so do their families and their coaches. They do it to reach their greatest potential, for themselves and for their country. Today, on behalf of the American people, I salute not just the medal winners but all the heroes who've worked so hard to represent our country and to represent themselves in the Olympic games. Here also today are the officers of the United States Olympic Committee, including another gold medal winner, Dr. Tenley Albright. And I particularly want to recognize another president, President Robert Kane, who's been learning these past few weeks about the responsibilities of being a president and the hard decisions that presidents have to make. [Laughter] And I also want to take this opportunity to remind the American people that the United States Olympic Committee depends for its funds, its money, on the generosity of American citizens and American businesses. In addition to training and selecting the U.S. Olympic team, the U.S. Olympic Committee carries on many other important and worthwhile activities to support athletic excellence in this country. An excellent way for all of us to express our pride in our young athletes is to continue and to increase our financial and our moral support for the U.S. Olympic Committee. To these American athletes, to these modern-day American heroes, I want to express the gratitude, the admiration, the congratulations, and the thanks of an America which was thrilled by your performance at the Winter Olympics. God bless every one of you. Thank you from the bottom of my heart. NOTE: The President spoke at 12: 10 p.m. on the South Lawn of the White House. Following the ceremony, the President and Mrs. Carter hosted a luncheon and reception for the athletes in the State Dining Room at the White House. Order of the American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association Remarks at the Annual Dinner of the Supreme Lodge. February 25, 1980 Today at noon, on the south entrance to the White House, I welcomed 21 young Americans, who walked up the stairs with gold medals-[applause]-and they had gold medals around their necks. And I thought, as they walked up, wouldn't it be wonderful if we have a permanent Summer Olympic site in Greece. How many of you know where AHEPA was founded? More than 50 years ago, this great organization was founded in Georgia, and more than 50 years ago, I started my own life in Georgia. I have to admit that AHEPA made a much greater impression on the Nation than did I[laughter]-but we have a lot in common. And tonight I want to talk about a few things that have been on my mind since I found that I was going to be able to talk to you tonight. The English poet Shelley said, and I quote from him: "We are all Greeks. Our laws, our literature, our religion, our art have their roots in Greece." There's even more evidence that what Shelley said is true today. The Greek concept of democratic government, of individual freedom and responsibility has helped mold not 381 Feb. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 only the world in which we live but the world which someday we hope to build together. This is the eve of one of our great democratic traditions. The first primary elections will be held tomorrow. This, in our country, as you well know, is a family affair. When I informed my mother confidentially back in 1975 that I was going to run for President, her response, as you may know, was, "President of what?" [Laughter] She learned in a hurry, and she spent a lot of time in New Hampshire in 1976. [Laughter] And now she goes back to visit her old friends 4 years later. It's an important, integral part of our political life. And as you well know, the tradition of democratic elections was born in Greece. This annual AHEPA dinner is another great democratic tradition. Our Nation is made up-and I thank God for it-of people from every corner of the world, from every religious and ethnic group. So our unity, our strength, comes not from homogeneity, not from the fact that we're all just alike, but because no matter how diverse or how different we are, one from another, we strengthen our belief in freedom, in opportunity for all people, in the worth of an individual human being, and in the democratic principles which you honor here tonight. Many forces tend to fragment our Nation. These cause me, as President, great concern. This is not a new problem. The problem is as old as Thucydides, and the danger too is the one about which he wrote: While everyone looks out for one's personal problems or personal needs, our common cause may be lost. Recent world events have shown us how precious democracy is, how precious human freedom is, how dangerous is the world in which we try to practice human freedom. Soviet troops in Afghanistan at this moment attempt to subjugate a freedomloving and deeply religious people. And this is a painful reminder of the period in which we live. It also is a reminder of the time shortly after World War II, when a threat from the same source was of deep concern to Greece and to the adjacent countries. United States resolve, expressed in the Truman Doctrine, and the unity of the Allies-my allies, your allies, the allies of the people of Greece todayhalted that threat. And today, in a vastly different world, United States resolve and unity among Greece, the United States, and other allies will help to preserve the freedom and independence of human beings and of nations which are threatened by subjugation. I know how concerned all of you are here tonight about Cyprus, and I share this deep concern with you. We have been disappointed that this dispute has not been readily or easily or quickly resolved. As soon as I became President, I sent Clark Clifford as special emissary to go to Greece, to go to Turkey and to Cyprus. And since then our Secretary of State, Deputy Secretary of State, our Vice President, and myself have negotiated at long hours with the Prime Minister of Greece, the Prime Minister of Turkey, the President of Cyprus, and other leaders on that troubled island. We continue to make concrete proposals for the settlement of the difficult issues which deprive people of their basic human rights. As you know, neither the Cypriot leaders, who are Greeks or Turks, desire the United States to be an active, publicly acknowledged intermediary. But we continue to support, openly and privately, the efforts of the Secretary-General of the United Nations to bring together the two disputing parties and to finally resolve these issues. Agreement between them is 382 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 25 an essential element in a just and a lasting settlement. Although we are not wanted to intercede directly, either, between Turkey and Greece, we are directly involved in discussions when asked. And we've been very gratified in the last few days to learn that both Turkey and Greece have finally resolved one of the most difficult issues affecting the Aegean Sea area, and that is concerning civil aviation. And we hope that this progress, although slow and although fumbling and although sometimes not certain, will now spread to other issues. And we see encouraging signs about this in recent weeks. Not related directly to these issues, we support the reintegration of Greek armed forces into the NATO military command. We seek to strengthen our own defense agreements with the nation of Greece, our long-time, staunch ally in a critical area. As you know, and to repeat the first comment I made, I will continue to lead the efforts of our own country and of others to secure a permanent home for the Summer Olympics in Greece. Your president, Nick Smyrnis, was in the group that went, along with some of my other close friends, to Greece to bring back the torches from Mount Olympus for the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. This is the first time that that flame had ever been brought from Greece to the United States. Prime Minister Karamanlis arranged for our U.S. delegation to visit a proposed site. And he sent me a map, by one of my chief aides, of the area around Olympia where he proposes that 8,000 or more acres be dedicated permanently to the International Olympic Committee for these permanent facilities. Such a move would return the games to their homeland, where they belong, and would help to restore the true spirit of individual athletic excellence and friendly competition for which the Olympic games were revived back in 1896. I think all of you realize that the Olympic games this summer should not be held in Moscow, because Russia is an invading nation. To do so would violate those very principles of peace and of brotherhood and of nonpolitical alignment of those who participate in the games-exactly the kind of defects that would be corrected with a permanent site established as I've just described. As an American, as a President, I realize from the history of our country that Greeks came very early to America, to the benefit of all other Americans. The first house, as you know, restored in Williamsburg belonged to a Greek-born friend of both Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. Many more Greeks came later, seeking opportunity and freedom, as did the ancestors of many other Americans. Perhaps no other group, however, found opportunity to build their dreams so quickly as did our Greek immigrants, through their hard work, the practicals which they brought with them, and their courage and dedication. Greeks coming here in the early 20th century, for instance, among 23 different ethnic groups, ranked 18th in educational achievement when they arrived. Yet by the 1970 census, no ethnic group surpassed Greek Americans born in this country in their level of education. It's no accident that one-third of all the Rhodes scholars in the Congress today-[laughter]-two out of six, as you know-happen to be Greek Americans: Senator Sarbanes and Congressman Brademas. I don't know what happened to the other Greek Congressmen-[laughter]-but they, like I, are continuing our own education in politics. 383 Feb. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 This rapid rise in educational achievement was not an accident; it was not a statistical aberration. It reflects the Greek American's love of learning, strong sense of family, and concern for young people. The church has also played a central role in preserving your cultural heritage, while strengthening family life, love of the young, and deep awareness of obligations to improve ourselves and to help others. You also grew up with an awareness, because of your own heritage, that education was not just something that one learns at college but the ongoing process of a lifetime of study and experience and the sharing of trials and tribulations, challenge, achievement, accomplishments, with others whom we love. You learned very early in life, because you had to, the satisfaction of doing a good job, even when it meant a lot of drudgery; of surmounting obstacles, not alone, but together; and sharing the joys and the laughter of everyday life. Like many of you, after military service I returned home to the community of my father, and we established a business. It wasn't easy. The first year my partner, Rosalynn, and I had a total income of less than $200. But we continued to work and to learn and to share as a family. And that mutual achievement was the basis for the progress that we later made. Our Nation's founders never promised us that freedom would be easy or comfortable, or that opportunity would ever come without sacrifice. They believed, as you and I believe, that our freedom and our opportunity are worth the price, that the weight of responsibility is infinitely lighter than would be the weight of oppression. As I talk to you tonight, our Nation is faced with international dangers that are both serious and complex. They impose on you and me an additional bur den of responsibility and an additional need to assess our own strengths, to achieve unity of purpose, and not to violate the principles which have been the guiding light for our own lives and for the lives of our ancestors. Fifty-three innocent Americans are now being held captive, illegally, at this moment, deprived of their freedom. But there is not a single American who is not aware of their plight and deeply concerned about their lives and, equally important, about their freedom. Though we are increasingly hopeful that their long ordeal may soon be over, there is no certainty about it. They will never be forgotten. And I think it's a tribute to our country and to our principles that we do have 220 million Americans deeply concerned about 50 human beings, not famous human beings, but American human beings. It's a test of our priorities, and it's a test of our commitment to basic human rights. Soviet troops are still in Afghanistan, a diametrically opposite kind of philosophy being exerted by military force in an attempt to stamp out freedom, with a callous disregard for human life. The United States has responded to these challenges with firmness, with restraint, and with resolve. Unlike our adversaries, we've acted as responsible members of the international community, basing our actions on international law. Every action we've taken has protected our Nation's interests and principles and has enhanced the prospect for peace. We are winning support from other countries because we are doing the right thing, and the world knows it. As the President of a strong and peace-loving people, I have sought peace in every way open to me. I've sought peace not through weakness, but through strength. 384 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 Americans have indeed been tested under fire, and we've passed the test. We've stood up for individual human rights and for the right of nations to be free and independent. As President, I have had to make some very difficult decisions that involve sacrifices now and which will involve sacrifices in the years to come. We do face challenges, and we do face dangers. But also we face opportunities in this country which are unparalleled in history. If we keep our country strong, if we continue to meet each challenge with courage and with conviction, if we can preserve the peace, we may at last see, throughout the world, the hungry fed, the ignorant know the truth, the sick healed, and a world built where all people have freedom and justice and opportunity. Like Plato, we Americans seek a perfect world which we see in our dreams. We are disappointed that we have not yet built that perfect world for our children and for others. Yet all around us is evidence that tyranny and oppression can be changed to freedom. The ancient ideals of Greece-the spirit of liberty, the love of learning, the urge for independence survive in the human breast despite all that despots can do. The eager immigrants, like your parents and grandparents and like my parents and grandparents, continue to come here to this country, fleeing persecution, seeking opportunity, proving that in the United States of America, freedom and democracy are now and will always be a beacon of hope in a hungry and desperate world. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:02 p.m. in the Sheraton Ballroom at the Sheraton-Park Hotel. Interview With the President Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Editors and News Directors. February 25, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Well, the first thing I want to do is to welcome you to the White House. Since I've been living here and serving here, this is the 53d meeting I've had with the editors and broadcasters from outside the Washington area, in addition to the press conferences and other encounters I've had with the press here in Washington. I would like to just describe two or three major items of concern to me here at the moment and then spend the rest of the time answering your questions about any issue which you want to raise. ADMINISTRATION POLICIES Domestically, the most significant challenge that I face is the high inflation rate, which is attributable in a major degree to the fact that after all these years we still do not have a comprehensive energy policy. And even after we've reached a crisis stage in energy supplies and inflation, the three major bills that will help to resolve this issue are still languishing in congressional conference committees. We hope that the Congress will be encouraged to pass this legislation expeditiously, but so far the action of the Congress has been very disappointing. Secondly, we're dealing on a continuing basis with the problem of our hostages being held in Tehran. This criminal act continues at this very moment, as you know, with 53 innocent Americans being held against their will and against every provision of international law and international diplomatic propriety. We're doing the best we can to resolve this crisis. I think it's important that we be 385 Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 calm and persistent, dealing with almost insurmountable obstacles with patience. My assessment is the American people have been remarkably united in backing me in this effort. One day is obviously too long. But I think that there have been some encouraging developments recently, with the election of a government in Iran-at least the President-and also with the arrival there of the international commission established under the aegis of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. They have begun their meetings now, and we hope that this will be a step toward resolving the crisis. The other issue, of course, is the protection of our interests in Southwest Asia. We've tried, in every case that I've described, all three cases, to marshal as broad a base of international support for the American position as possible. Often in the past, in international affairs, in times of crisis, our Nation has stood almost alone in meeting those challenges. I think at this time, in these issues, we are remarkably supported by our own allies, by nonaligned countries, and by the less developed countries of the world, who in the past have not been at our shoulder when we've had to meet these kind of challenges. We don't know how soon we'll be able to resolve any of these problems-inflation, energy, hostages, Soviet aggression in Afghanistan-but we are acting in a persistent fashion, a clear fashion, an open fashion, an understandable fashion. We're getting as much unified support in our own country as possible, and support from around the world. Every action that I've taken has been designed toward peace and toward the resolution of these problems with peaceful means. We are acting through strength, from a position of strength. And I am con vinced that we can only maintain peace for our country as a strong nation, with our strength recognized here in this country, by our allies and by others, including our potential adversaries. There are obviously many other issues on which you might want to predicate your questions. I'll be glad to answer them. QUESTIONS SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN Q. Mr. President, considering the level of rhetoric that we've heard both from the Soviet Union and from the U.S., especially following Afghanistan, I think this frightens a good many people, in that we know that conventional war can become nuclear war very easily. Can you point to any specific steps that you have taken in this time to ensure that diplomatic channels remain open and active so that there aren't misinterpretations that cause this to escalate beyond where it should be? THE PRESIDENT. I would say about half the international conflicts in history, in recorded history, have been caused by a misjudgment on the part of a potential aggressor nation concerning the reaction of other countries or peoples. We've tried to make our position very clear. We've not acted unilaterally except through economic sanctions. We had political, economic, and military action as options open to us, to me. Our grain embargo, the termination of the sale of high technology equipment, other similar actions to put more restraints on commerce with the Soviet Union have been clear, unequivocal, and well understood. We've had good support among our allies in this respect. Politically, we've acted through the United Nations. And I think that you notice that 386 - --, Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 103 other countries joined us in the condemnation of the Soviets' action and the call for the Soviets to withdraw their invading forces from Afghanistan. We have not been the leaders, but we have certainly approved and encouraged, whenever appropriate, regional action of a similar nature. Thirty-four countries assembled themselves in IslamabadMoslem countries-and they voted unanimously, in much stronger terms than the U.N. used, to condemn the Soviets and to demand the withdrawal of Soviet troops. Some of these countries were either subservient to or heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union for economic and military aid. We've been persistent in not yielding our position as events proceeded. I think the Soviets made a serious miscalculation, not only in our own actions and the world reaction but also in the intensity with which the freedom-loving people of Afghanistan have resisted the Soviet domination. The Soviets continue to build up their troop placements in Afghanistan. They only control, really, most of the major highways and some of the major cities. They've been, I'm sure, very unpleasantly surprised at the refusal of most of the Afghan military forces to cooperate with the Soviets. A lot of them have defected, taken their weapons with them, and are now opposed to the Soviet Union. There's been a substantial loss of life, both among the military and civilian population of Afghanistan and also among the Soviet invaders. We don't want to return to the cold war; we don't want to have a confrontation with the Soviet Union. But it's imperative that we make it clear that we will protect American interests in Southwest Asia. We would like for the Soviets to withdraw. We certainly did not precipitate the incident in Afghanistan. We played no role at all, now or in the past, that would cause any concern to the Soviet Union about their own security. So, the Soviets have tried to mislead the world; they have failed. They have tried to invade a country and subjugate it quickly, but they have failed. And in my opinion, the best thing that we can do is to remain firm, united, peaceful, persistent, clear in what our position is. And I believe that's the best way to encourage peace and to enhance the peace that we already have maintained. WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS Q. Mr. President, to get back to your domestic concerns, we had very discouraging reports at the end of last week, resulting in a flurry of suggestions or pleas again for mandatory price controls and wage controls. Your views are well known. Is there anything that you're seeing now that is causing you to review your previously stated position on mandatoryTHE PRESIDENT. No, I don't see any prospect at all of my supporting mandatory wage and price controls. I think it would be counterproductive. I think history has shown that it has never worked except during a time of intense crisis when the very existence of our Nation was threatened-through, for instance, the Second World War. I think it would precipitate a wild escalation in existing inflation. As you all, I'm sure, understand, the President at this time has no authority to impose wage and price controls even if it was desired, which it is not. The Congress would have to go through the entire process of holding hearings, with long delays, with inevitable filibusters in the Senate, before wage and price legislation 387 Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 could possibly be passed. During that entire process, when the business community and labor could anticipate a possibility of mandatory wage and price controls, they would undoubtedly escalate their wages and prices in preparation for the mandatory imposition of controls. So, I don't see any possibility of my supporting any move toward mandatory wage and price controls. There are other things that we can do. We are assessing a wide gamut of possibilities, and we're doing it very carefully and very cautiously. I would like to point out that the basic principles that we've espoused and the basic policies that we've espoused suit me fine; the tuning of those and the enhancement of those is something that we intend to do. 1980 SUMMER OLYMPICS Q. Mr. President, did any of the Olympic athletes that you met with today ask you if there is any way around the boycott of the summer games? And secondly, do you think that domestic support for you will wane at all as the dates of the Olympics near? THE PRESIDENT. Immediately after the Soviet-American hockey match the other night, I called Herb Brooks, the coach of the U.S. Olympic team, and congratulated him and then told him how proud the Americans were of their victory. His first response was, "Mr. President, we want you to know that we stand firmly with you in your attitude toward the Olympics games not being held in Moscow this summer." I can't claim that Herb Brooks speaks for the entire American Olympic team, but I do believe that the overwhelming support that I've so far seen in America will not wane for our refusal to go to the Olympics in Moscow, the Soviets being an invading nation against Afghanistan. We have seen no evidence at all that the Soviets are contemplating withdrawal of their troops; on the contrary, because of unanticipated opposition, their troop levels are being built up. I am going to pursue aggressivelyalready am-the holding of international, quality, alternate games. I'll be meeting in the near future with some advisers on how to put together this effort, and will also be meeting, by the way, with some representative members of the Summer Olympics team, although we don't know their identities specifically yet. But I believe the Americans will support this alternative effort. I do not believe, under any circumstances, that Americans would support our going to the Moscow Olympics this summer. INFLATION Q. You met with your economic advisers last night. Are you coming up with some type of a solution to the high interest rates and the inflation problem we're seeing? THE PRESIDENT. It would be misleading for me to tell any of you that there is a solution to it. As you know, this is a worldwide, all-pervasive problem, with oil prices having been increased almost 100 percent during the last 13 or 14 months. Some countries suffer inflation rates much greater than our own; for instance, Israel, I think, the inflation rate is more than 100 percent per year. We're dealing with the problem with every possible means. I have been disappointed that the Congress has not acted. For instance, hospital cost containment legislation should be passed by the Congress in the strictest possible fashion. It would help to lower the inflation rate substantially. Our having a clear national energy policy would 388 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 help us to move away from excessive dependence on foreign oil and would send a clear signal that, I think, would have an immediate moderating impact on international prices set by OPEC, over which we have no direct control. We have had a tightly restrained budget. We have slashed the deficit down substantially. We've lowered the number of Federal employees 20,000 below what they were when I came here. We are enhancing research and development to give us a long-range approach to the inflation problem. We've held down unemployment, have added a net of 9 million new jobs in the Nation since I've been in office. And we'll take other steps as appropriate. One of the reasons for the meeting last night was to go down again the long list of possible options open to us. And we'll assess those, as we have been in the past, and take action as necessary. But in general, I would say that our policies are sound. We are caught up in circumstances over which we have very little control. Mandatory wage and price controls are out of the question for me. We'll take other action as we determine it to be appropriate. FEDERAL INCOME TAX SYSTEM Q. Mr. President, the Northern States, from roughly Maine to Minnesota, send about $35 billion more tax money to Washington than comes back in Federal spending. Do you plan any particular policy to either change your tax policy, for example, indexing inflation below the cost-of-living differences, or in spending policy, such as closing military bases only in one section of the country, which is about 87 percent of them in the South or West, and expanding them in the North? Anything like that of a major sort you would try to equalize the balancebecause it does amount to about $350 per person? THE PRESIDENT. No. The only feasible solution to that would be to lower the per capita income in the North and to increase it in other parts of the country[laughter]-which is a proposal that I have no intention of adopting. But as you know, the income tax system is designed to derive revenue for the Federal Government, depending on the level of income of the people who are taxed. And most of the Federal programs, not all of them, are designed to give assistance on a per capita basis, with most of the aid going to the very low income people. Q. The problem is there's not an adjustment for cost-of-living differences, Mr. President, in those per capita figures. And while, for instance, New York or Boston may have incomes that are 5 percent above the national average, their cost of living is 16 or 15 percent above. So, it's really not well balanced. THE PRESIDENT. I know. I can't claim to you that that has been accomplished. I see no feasible way to do it. It may be theoretically equitable to make, for instance, certain kinds of payments for social security to be higher in one community than the other. But the bureaucratic maze required to determine how to allot a different level of social security payments for each recipient, depending on their particular cost of living, would be, I think, impossible to surmount. Also, as you know, within a certain community, like New York City, you would have a wide diversity of costs among people in different communities within New York City. Another thing is that you have to remember, the poorer the person is, the less likely they are to be able to purchase bargains, because they're not mobile and 389 ~ ~-~- -YIPPWIIWliSI^I —II 11 -_ —~~11~-_~~1_*-_-~~IYIIYIIL-LY - Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 they quite often can't shop around. Their credit rating, their flexibility, their ability to buy bargains off-season and save them until they're actually needed are much less, because they live hand-to-mouth, you might say, than a wealthy person, who can shop around for a bargain on an automobile or a home or clothing, and so forth. So, I don't think it would be possible to do what you've suggested. SOVIET AGGRESSION Q. Mr. President, in accordance with history, Turkey was never a true ally of any country. What guarantees do you have, in the event the Soviet Union invades Iran, that Turkey will become a shield for the Western World and will not join the Soviet Union? THE PRESIDENT. What we've tried to do so far is not to prepare for an inevitable conflict, but to take action to prevent a confrontation with the Soviet Union. I think that the surest way to prevent further aggression by the Soviets is to let them know that their present aggression into Afghanistan has been counterproductive, that they have suffered serious consequences, and that the world is aroused against the Soviet Union's action in a very clear and unmistakable way. The first line of defense for any prevention of aggression is within a nation itself. And we want to have, for instance, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and other countries to be united, to be filled with the spirit of resistance and independence, to be free of unwarranted subversion that might bring down an established government, to be secure in their own military capability. And that would be the first line of defense. The second line of defense for people in that region would be a community of nations-perhaps, for instance, the Mos lem nations who assembled in Islamabad-to pledge each other their support. And of course, the third level of defense would be from countries like our own, who have vital interests in the Persian Gulf region and who would be there, available to help, if necessary, to prevent aggression. As I said in my last press conference, we would not yield to the Soviets the choice of either terrain or tactics. We would not let the Soviets choose a particular place for a response to aggression to be mounted. And we would not let them determine the tactics to be used in resisting their future aggression. But we let the Turks and the Iranians and the Pakistanis know that if they need our help, then that help is available. Now, as you know, we don't have a relationship with Iran that would permit continued assistance. But my hope is that Iran will be united, free, independent, secure, and would not be subject to interference in their internal affairs from any country. I think this kind of approach is the best guarantee not to have conflict, and to preserve the peace. LEBANON; U.S. BASES IN PERSIAN GULF AREA Q. Mr. President, Senator Jackson recently suggested that this country work together with Israel and Egpyt to provide bases and military support to secure the Persian Gulf area. Is the Government planning to do this? And would you also comment on recent reports that the Soviet Union has delivered 60 tanks, as well as other military equipment, to the Palestinian terrorists in southern Lebanon? THE PRESIDENT. We don't have any evidence of that delivery of tanks to the Palestinian terrorists in southern Leba 390 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 non, but I can't certify that they have not delivered some tanks. Secondly, we've not had any offer by either country of a U.S. base on their own territory. We have had offers of the use of facilities. For instance, during the recent crisis, when we were moving our sea forces into the Gulf of Arabia, we did use Egyptian facilities for some of our observation planes and other Air Force units. The Israelis have offered us the use of their facilities in Haifa for some of our naval forces. There have been occasions when the Israelis offered us the use of Egyptian bases, and perhaps vice versa. But I think that all of the countries, including Israel and the Arab countries, would not want American bases to be established on their own territory, because this has the connotation of American sovereignty there. We do have some bases around the world, as you know, based on our controlling that actual territory. But an alternative that's adequate for us is to have the right, through prior agreement, to use facilities for planes or ships, and this is what we are exploring in that region. Three nations that you didn't mention, by the way, would be Kenya and Oman and Somalia. But to establish a socalled American base with an implied sovereignty over an area of land, even though it would just encompass a military base, is something that we are not exploring. Q. So, you feel that you already have that use of facilities from Egypt and Israel? THE PRESIDENT. We are developing that use of facilities in several countries in that region, including the ones I've just named, but not as a military base. We do have the offer from Israel and Egypt to use their facilities when necessary in time of crisis. SOVIET GRAIN EMBARGO Q. Mr. President, Vice President Mondale came to Iowa before the Iowa caucuses and said that Iowa farmers would not be left "holding the bag"-was the phrase he used-because of the grain embargo. And I'm just wondering if you can give me anything to take back to Iowa about further actions that might be taken to hold to that pledge. THE PRESIDENT. Well, when Vice President Mondale and Secretary Bergland and other members of my Cabinet and my family came to Iowa after we imposed the grain embargo against the Soviet Union, they gave that pledge. Subsequently, as you know, the U.S. Government assumed the responsibility of purchasing grain in fairly large quantities and providing CCC [Commodity Credit Corporation] loans where the farmers had difficulty marketing their grain at the so-called country elevators. After that we had normal market developments that caused fluctuations, both up and down, in grain prices, both feed grain and food grains. One of the developments was a prediction of a much higher yield this year than we had anticipated, because of good winter weather. That ordinarily depresses the price and did somewhat. Another development was that worldwide markets would be provided with higher levels of grain supplies than we had anticipated from other countries. That also has a tendency to depress the market. But in my opinion we have seen the adverse impact of the grain embargo eliminated. I might point out that in January our total shipments of grain from American ports exceeded the shipments from American ports in January of 1979, in spite of the embargo this year. And we anticipate that this year we'll have a 391 Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 higher level of exports of grain than we did last year, which set world records for grain exports, as did the previous year. We will constantly monitor the question of price-support levels, target-support levels, storage capability, and storage payments on farms, and also try to enhance the sale of American grain to compensate for the loss of sales to the Soviet Union. And in the entire gamut of agriculture policy, we will constantly remember the impact of the embargo, on the Midwestern farmers primarily, because they were the ones primarily affected on both corn and wheat. Another thing that we've done is to accentuate our effort to sell grain to our previous customers at a higher levelMexico, Japan-and to open up new markets, like in China. So, we are making every effort to make sure that no one suffers in an inordinate way. But I have to say that all Americans, either through paying taxes to finance the higher expenditures in agriculture or otherwise, are required to share in some level of sacrifice to meet the Soviet threat. Ms. BARIO. Thank you, sir. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. NOTE: The interview began at 2:01 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary. The transcript of the interview was released on February 26. United States Railway Association Nomination of Stephen Berger To Be Chairman of the Board of Directors. February 26, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Stephen Berger, of New York City, to be Chairman of the Board of Directors of the United States Railway Association for a 6-year term. He would replace W. K. Smith, resigned. Berger has been a professor of public administration at New York University's Graduate School of Public Administration since 1977. He has also been president of his own management consulting firm since 1970, specializing in public and municipal finance. He was born July 11, 1939, in New York City. He received a B.A. from Brandeis University in 1960. He served in the U.S. Army in 1962. From 1964 to 1969, Berger was executive assistant to Congressman Jonathan B. Bingham. From 1972 to 1973, he was executive director of the New York State Study Commission on New York City, and from 1973 to 1974, he was a consultant to the Commission on Critical Choices for Americans. In 1975 Berger served as director of the New York State Planning Agency and as a commissioner of the New York Social Services Commission. From 1976 to 1977, he was executive director of New York State's Emergency Financial Control Board. Berger is a member of the board of the New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority and chairman of the Finance Committee. District of Columbia Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure Appointment of Vincent H. Cohen as a Member. February 26, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Vincent H. Cohen, of Washington, D.C., as a member of the District 392 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 of Columbia Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure. He replaces Henry Berliner, Jr., resigned. Cohen, 43, has been with the Washington firm of Hogan & Hartson since 1969 and has been a partner since 1972. He is on the board of trustees of the Public Defender Service and the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. He is a member of the Justinian Law Society and the National Conference of Black Lawyers. Occupational Safety and Health Programs for Federal Employees Executive Order 12196. February 26,1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 7902(c) of Title 5 of the United States Code and in accord with Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as amended (29 U.S.C. 668), it is ordered: 1-1. Scope of this Order. 1-101. This order applies to all agencies of the Executive Branch except military personnel and uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations. 1-102. For the purposes of this order, the term "agency" means an Executive department, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 101, or any employing unit or authority of the Federal government, other than those of the judicial and legislative branches. Since section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act ("the Act") covers all Federal employees, however, the Secretary of Labor ("the Secretary") shall cooperate and consult with the heads of agencies in the legislative and judicial branches of the government to help them adopt safety and health programs. 1-2. Heads of Agencies. 1-201. The head of each agency shall: (a) Furnish to employees places and conditions of employment that are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm. (b) Operate an occupational safety and health program in accordance with the requirements of this order and basic program elements promulgated by the Secretary. (c) Designate an agency official with sufficient authority to represent the interest and support of the agency head to be responsible for the management and administration of the agency occupational safety and health program. (d) Comply with all standards issued under section 6 of the Act, except where the Secretary approves compliance with alternative standards. When an agency head determines it necessary to apply a different standard, that agency head shall, after consultation with appropriate occupational safety and health committees where established, notify the Secretary and provide justification that equivalent or greater protection will be assured by the alternate standard. (e) Assure prompt abatement of unsafe or unhealthy working conditions. Whenever an agency cannot promptly abate such conditions, it shall develop an abatement plan setting forth a timetable for abatement and a summary of interim steps to protect employees. Employees exposed to the conditions shall be informed of the provisions of the plan. When a hazard cannot be abated without assistance of the General Services Administration or other Federal lessor agency, an 393 Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 agency shall act with the lessor agency to secure abatement. (f) Establish procedures to assure that no employee is subject to restraint, interference, coercion, discrimination or reprisal for filing a report of an unsafe or unhealthy working condition, or other participation in agency occupational safety and health program activities. (g) Assure that periodic inspections of all agency workplaces are performed by personnel with equipment and competence to recognize hazards. (h) Assure response to employee reports of hazardous conditions and require inspections within twenty-four hours for imminent dangers, three working days for potential serious conditions, and twenty working days for other conditions. Assure the right to anonymity of those making the reports. (i) Assure that employee representatives accompany inspections of agency workplaces. (j) Operate an occupational safety and health management information system, which shall include the maintenance of such records as the Secretary may require. (k) Provide safety and health training for supervisory employees, employees responsible for conducting occupational safety and health inspections, all members of occupational safety and health committees where established, and other employees. (I) Submit to the Secretary an annual report on the agency occupational safety and health program that includes information the Secretary prescribes. 1-3. Occupational Safety and Health Committees. 1-301. Agency heads may establish occupational safety and health committees. If committees are established, they shall be established at both the national level and, for agencies with field or regional offices, other appropriate levels. The committees shall be composed of representatives of management and an equal number of nonmanagement employees or their representatives. Where there are exclusive bargaining representatives for employees at the national or other level in an agency, such representatives shall select the appropriate nonmanagement members of the committee. 1-302. The committees shall, except where prohibited by law, (a) Have access to agency information relevant to their duties, including information on the nature and hazardousness of substances in agency workplaces. (b) Monitor performance, including agency inspections, of the agency safety and health programs at the level they are established. (c) Consult and advise the agency on the operation of the program. 1-303. A Committee may request the Secretary of Labor to conduct an evaluation or inspection pursuant to this order if half of a Committee is not substantially satisfied with an agency's response to a report of hazardous working conditions. 1-4. Department of Labor. 1-401. The Secretary of Labor shall: (a) Provide leadership and guidance to the heads of agencies to assist them with their occupational safety and health responsibilities. (b) Maintain liaison with the Office of Management and Budget in matters relating to this order and coordinate the activities of the Department with those of other agencies that have responsibilities or functions related to Federal employee safety and health, including the Office of Personnel Management, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and the General Services Administration. 394 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 (c) Issue, subject to the approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and in consultation with the Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, a set of basic program elements. The program elements shall help agency heads establish occupational safety and health committees and operate effective occupational safety and health programs, and shall provide flexibility to each agency head to implement a program consistent with its mission, size and organization. Upon request of an agency head, and after consultation with the Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, the Secretary may approve alternate program elements. (d) Prescribe recordkeeping and reporting requirements. (e) Assist agencies by providing training materials, and by conducting training programs upon request and with reimbursement. (f) Facilitate the exchange of ideas and information throughout the government about occupational safety and health. (g) Provide technical services to agencies upon request, where the Secretary deems necessary, and with reimbursement. These services may include studies of accidents, causes of injury and illness, identification of unsafe and unhealthful working conditions, and means to abate hazards. (h) Evaluate the occupational safety and health programs of agencies and promptly submit reports to the agency heads. The evaluations shall be conducted through such scheduled headquarters or field reviews, studies or inspections as the Secretary deems necessary, at least annually for the larger or more hazardous agencies or operations, and as the Secretary deems appropriate for the smaller or less hazardous agencies. (i) Conduct unannounced inspections of agency workplaces when the Secretary determines necessary if an agency does not have occupational safety and health committees; or in response to reports of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions, upon request of occupational safety and health committees under Section 1-3; or, in the case of a report of an imminent danger, when such a committee has not responded to an employee who has alleged to it that the agency has not adequately responded to a report as required in 1-201 (h). When the Secretary or his designee performs an inspection and discovers unsafe or unhealthy conditions, a violation of any provisions of this order, or any safety or health standards adopted by an agency pursuant to this order, or any program element approved by the Secretary, he shall promptly issue a report to the head of the agency and to the appropriate occupational safety and health committee, if any. The report shall describe the nature of the findings and may make recommendations for correcting the violation. (j) Submit to the President each year a summary report of the status of the occupational safety and health of Federal employees, and, together with agency responses, evaluations of individual agency progress and problems in correcting unsafe and unhealthful working conditions, and recommendations for improving their performance. (k) Submit to the President unresolved disagreements between the Secretary and agency heads, with recommendations. (1) Enter into agreements or other arrangements as necessary or appropriate with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and delegate to it the inspection and investigation authority provided under this section. 395 Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 1-5. The Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health. 1-501. The Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, established pursuant to Executive Order No. 11612, is continued. It shall advise the Secretary in carrying out responsibilities under this order. The Council shall consist of sixteen members appointed by the Secretary, of whom eight shall be representatives of Federal agencies and eight shall be representatives of labor organizations representing Federal employees. The members shall serve three-year terms with the terms of five or six members expiring each year, provided this Council is renewed every two years in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act. The members currently serving on the Council shall be deemed to be its initial members under this order and their terms shall expire in accordance with the terms of their appointment. 1-502. The Secretary, or a designee, shall serve as the Chairman of the Council, and shall prescribe rules for the conduct of its business. 1-503. The Secretary shall make available necessary office space and furnish the Council necessary equipment, supplies, and staff services, and shall perform such functions with respect to the Council as may be required by the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I). 1-6. General Services Administration. 1-601. Within six months of the effective date of this order the Secretary of Labor and the Administrator of the General Services Administration shall initiate a study of conflicts that may exist in their standards and other requirements affecting Federal employee safety and health, and shall establish a procedure for resolv ing conflicting standards for space leased by the General Services Administration. 1-602. In order to assist the agencies in carrying out their duties under Section 19 of the Act and this order the Administrator shall: (a) Upon request, require personnel of the General Services Administration to accompany the Secretary or an agency head on any inspection or investigation conducted pursuant to this order of a facility subject to the authority of the General Services Administration. (b) Assure prompt attention to reports from agencies of unsafe or unhealthy conditions of facilities subject to the authority of the General Services Administration; where abatement cannot be promptly effected, submit to the agency head a timetable for action to correct the conditions; and give priority in the allocation of resources available to the Administrator for prompt abatement of the conditions. (c) Procure and provide safe supplies, devices, and equipment, and establish and maintain a product safety program for those supplies, devices, equipment and services furnished to agencies, including the issuance of Material Safety Data Sheets when hazardous substances are furnished them. 1-7. General Provisions. 1-701. Employees shall be authorized official time to participate in the activities provided for by this order. 1-702. Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or alter the powers and duties of the Secretary or heads of other Federal agencies pursuant to Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code, Sections 7901, 7902, and 7903 of Title 5 of the United States Code, nor shall it be construed to 396 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 alter any other provisions of law or Executive Order providing for collective bargaining agreements and related procedures, or affect the responsibilities of the Director of Central Intelligence to protect intelligence sources and methods (50 U.S.C. 403(d)(3)). 1-703. Executive Order No. 11807 of September 28, 1974, is revoked. 1-704. This order is effective July 1, 1980. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 26, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:39 a.m., February 26, 1980] National Governors' Association Toast at a White House Dinner Honoring Governors Attending the Association's Winter Session. February 26, 1980 Again, I would like to say that Rosalynn and I are extremely pleased to have you with us tonight. Fritz and Joan join us in the welcome. It's been difficult for me to keep my mind on the events of the evening. [Laughter] As Brendan Byrne 1 said when we came in, he won't be able to relax until he knows who won tonight. [Laughter] As you know, Penn and Princeton are playing for the Ivy League championship. [Laughter] This is the fourth year that we've been honored by having the Governors of our States come to be our guests here at the White House and to spend a few days, as you know, in Washington with my Cabinet, with my staff members, and with Members of the Congress, discussing the major issues of our country. This is a time 1 Governor of New Jersey. of rapid change, not only for our own Nation but for the entire world. And the closeness with which we have dealt with these major issues is an extremely gratifying thing for me. I'm the first President who was a Governor since Franklin Delano Roosevelt. And I think that that base of common experience has really stood me in good stead, not only in my own responsibilities as President in an isolated fashion but in being able to turn to you, individually on many occasions and collectively on almost every major issue, to discuss as full partners the present and the future circumstances in our country-the quality of Americans' lives, how to deal with domestic and foreign issues, how to meet difficult challenges, overcome obstacles, answer questions. I have been very deeply reassured and grateful to have you as my partners. We do face many difficult challenges as executive officers of our States and territories and of this country, but I think the most reassuring thing of all is to recognize the insurance that we have. Sometimes we make mistakes; sometimes we delay a difficult decision; sometimes we have to change our position. And the fallibility of human leaders is always of deep concern, particularly to those leaders themselves. But there's an underlying stability and an underlying strength and an underlying unity in this country which we lead, which corrects our mistakes and repairs our errors and lets our Nation progress in spite of our human fallibilities. In my opinion, our country rallies and shows its finest moments at a time of crisis. And during this last 3 or 4 months, there's been a remarkable absence of partisanship and a remarkable presence of common purpose and inspiration and unity. 397 4I ~~~- -- - -~- - -- - - -- - Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Our Nation stands for what is right and what is clean and what is decent. Our Nation is a world leader. There is no way to avoid that responsibility. And other countries, no matter how independent they might appear or how strong they might be within themselves or how unified their own people may be or how different and fragmented their people might be, look to us for leadership. And if we stand firm and strong and resolved and definite in our purposes, then we can expect and have realized their support. If we waver and fail to exert leadership, then they themselves suffer and send out messages of concern. All of us have been brought to our knees in prayer for 53 Americans who are held in Tehran. To me, there's a special demonstration here of one of the prime characteristics of American people, in that 220 million strong Americans have been almost completely obsessed with the lives of 53 relatively unknown Americans, formerly not very important-and not only their lives but their freedom. I think this has sent a clear message around the world that we do indeed practice human rights, because we respect life, individuality, and freedom. And I think our Nation has also exhibited a reservoir of strength in facing the Soviet threat to our own vital interests in Southwest Asia when, in an unprecedented fashion, they invaded the freedom-loving, deeply religious country of Afghanistan. There's a sharp difference between that action and our own concern about our innocent Americans, who are presently, at this moment, being held prisoner. We have not taken any steps that would lead to war or to conflict. Every action that our country has taken has been designed for peace. Every action has been peaceful in nature. Our opportunities are diverse and substantial, but they are con fined to either economic or political or military action. We've not taken military action. We're prepared to do so if necessary, but we've not had to. But we have taken economic action unilaterally, and we've had adequate support from our allies and friends, many of whom are not as strong as we, some of whom are quite vulnerable and not as free to act as we. We've taken political action. And there have been overwhelming expressions of concern about the Soviet Union's invasion, both with the 103 other nations who joined with us in the United Nations to condemn the Soviets' action and demand an immediate withdrawal of troops, and also independently of us, to a major degree, among the 34 Moslem countries who met in Islamabad and condemned the Soviets even more stringently and demanded more urgently that they withdraw from Afghanistan. Some of them are almost subservient to the Soviet Union, heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union, but they acted out of conviction and with a great deal of courage and with strength. No one can predict any time schedule for the resolution of these issues, and I would certainly not deign to do so. But I think to the extent that our country is unified, is strong, our purposes are clear, our voice can be heard and understood, and a maximum support can be aroused among other nations-allies, friends, nonaligned countries, small, weak countriesto that extent, we will prevail and preserve the essence, freedom, and the individual life and also the independence and freedom of nations who might be threatened because they are relatively weak and relatively vulnerable. I know that you all recognize that we've faced rapidly changing times in other areas of the world. I've pointed to two crises, but other things have changed. 398 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 26 Less than a year ago, just a few yards from. here, Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty after 30 years of war. And I had an urgent call from President Sadat just a few minutes before I joined you tonight, about 5 o'clock. And he said, "Mr. President, I just want to make a report to you. We've exchanged Ambassadors with Israel. Everything went well. The people of Egypt are very excited and very proud. And we want to express our deep gratitude to the people of the United States for helping to make this miracle come true." And of course, we now have 1 billion new friends in the People's Republic of China, and we haven't lost our friends in Taiwan, as well. So-I'm not going into a litany of things-but there are good achievements for our great country, and there are difficult times, which we face with courage and with conviction and in a spirit of unity of purpose. Inflation is always present on my mind. The resolution of an energy problem, which is nationwide and going to get worse, is always present on my mind. You share that responsibility with me, and it's reassuring to me to know that you do. As President of the greatest nation on Earth, I would like to raise my glass in a toast: To the leaders of our States, to the people that you and I both represent, and to the future of a free people, our leadership in the world, and the unity and commitment of the ideals and principles which have always made our country great and which will see us lead a greater country in the future. NOTE: The President spoke at 6:52 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Following the dinner, the President and Mrs. Carter and their guests attended a performance of "The Elephant Man" at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. New Hampshire Democratic Party Primary Informal Exchange With Reporters. February 26, 1980 Q. What do you think of your victory? Q. Is it big enough for you? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I was very pleased, of course. I think this return showed that the people of the country, at least the ones in New Hampshire, support the policies that we've espoused in international affairs, in our attempts to deal with the inflation issue, and in energy. I think their vote demands quick action on the energy legislation. And I'm very grateful that, because I couldn't be up there and campaign personally, that the special need for volunteers and workers was realized in such a delightful way. So, I'm very deeply grateful to everybody who helped us there. Q. Is Kennedy through now? THE PRESIDENT. No, I think that's a judgment for him to make. I would guess not. Q. Mr. President, some analysts are saying that it was a very strong anti-Kennedy vote. THE PRESIDENT. Well, I'd rather assume that it was a vote for me. Thank you very much. Q. Mr. President, what about Massachusetts? Do you have any predictions about a week from today in Massachusetts? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I don't think anyone in my administration or my campaign organization would even think that we could defeat Senator Kennedy in his own State. I think that would be Q. You're talking about your policies, sir. Do you think you can go on winning if you can't get the inflation rates down? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think people realize that our country is strongly united, 399 Feb. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 that we're doing the best we can, that we're making steady progress in international affairs and also making progress in dealing with the long-range and very difficult energy problems which lead directly to inflation. I hope that this will be a signal to the Congress to act without delay on the three major bills that have still been held up in conference committee and haven't yet been voted on in the House and Senate, that we introduced last July. So, I think it's a very good demonstration of support for what we are trying to do-some successes, some unnecessary delays, but we're making progress. Q. You know they approved the windfall profitsTHE PRESIDENT. Yes, in their conference committee. Now we'll see that the Senate andQ. All you have to do is get it throughTHE PRESIDENT. Well, the Senate and House will now vote on the conference report. Q. Mr. President, could we ask Mrs. Carter how she feels, since she did so much campaigning up in New Hampshire and worked so hard? MRS. CARTER. Well, I feel wonderful, and I just want to thank all of those people that I worked hard with and that worked for the President. It was great to be back with them, because I was with them so much in '75 and '76. And I just am thankful to them for their support. Q. Why do you think Senator Kennedy can go on if he lost in Iowa and he lost in Maine and he lost in New Hampshire? THE PRESIDENT. Well, you'll have to ask Senator Kennedy about that. Thank you very much. Q. Thank you, Mr. President. NOTE: The exchange began at 10:30 p.m. at the Diplomatic Entrance of the White House. United States Export Policy Statement on Reduction of Export Disincentives. February 27, 1980 United States business and agriculture proved in 1979 that Americans have not lost the will and capacity to compete in world markets. Our exports increased by nearly $40 billion over 1978. Many of our manufacturing industries scored significant gains in their shares of foreign markets. Rebounding exports and overseas earnings by U.S. companies combined to overcome the chronic deficit in our overall international balance of payments-the "current account" balance. The U.S. dollar retained its value relative to the average of other major currencies in 1979. This progress is heartening. It must not, however, lull Americans into relaxing the export drive. Soaring oil import costs should remind us daily that further export growth is vitally important. When I committed my administration in the summer of 1978 to an intensified export campaign, I said that our initial measures would only be the beginning of what must be a long, sustained campaign. These first steps have included: -negotiation of fairer access for U.S. goods to foreign markets through the multilateral trade negotiations and through bilateral action with key countries; -cooperation with other industrial democracies to assure orderly movements in currency values, so that international trade can be conducted at realistic exchange rates; -domestic action to raise the export consciousness of American companies and to increase the utility of Federal and State trade services to exporters; -increased support by the Export-Import Bank and Small Business Ad 400 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 27 ministration where necessary and justified; -reconsideration of policies and procedures that restrict U.S. exports; -reconstitution of the President's Export Council to broaden participation in export policy development. Reexamination of our self-imposed restrictions on exports must be a continuing process. Over the years, the deliberate or incidental restraint of exports has increased, as Congresses and administrations have sought to achieve other national purposes. We must test continually the costs and benefits of these public interventions in our private international business. Recently, in response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan, I have imposed additional controls on U.S. exports and sought similar action by our allies, so as to warn the Soviets that they could not pursue such a course with impunity. I have temporarily restricted financial relations with Iran, hence inhibiting trade, in response to Iranian threats and hostile actions. I have limited exports of U.S. goods and technologies that might directly or indirectly benefit South African military or police forces, so as to preclude American association with the enforcement of apartheid. On the other hand, when the reason for the United Nations trade sanctions against Rhodesia was corrected, we promptly ceased our enforcement of sanctions. My administration has also scrupulously enforced U.S. laws requiring control of nuclear exports that might promote proliferation of nuclear weapons. These actions, which illustrate the difficult balancing of our national interests in the application of export controls, do not preclude continuing and vigorous efforts to reduce unwarranted or unintended barriers to U.S. exports. I have now received an interim report on the operation of laws and policies that impose or authorize prohibition of exports of certain goods or technologies, or otherwise handicap our export business-the so-called export disincentives. The Congress also studied some of these questions during its review and amendment of the Export Administration Act last year. Five major export disincentives were the focus of the first phase of executive branch review: -uncertainty as to the application or interpretation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; -overlapping antiboycott laws and regulations; -foreign policy export controls such as sanctions in support of human rights; -nuclear materials export controls; and -restraints on conventional arms sales to foreign countries. During the course of this review, my administration has reduced the burden of export disincentives on U.S. business by adopting a number of procedural reforms. These actions are described in a summary report of the executive branch task force that is being released with this statement. The study is not complete. Additional action on some of the major disincentives will be considered, and other export restraints will be examined. I have asked the President's Export Council, which includes representatives of the Congress, business, and labor, to undertake a fresh examination of how to achieve better balance between our trade and other objectives. The Secretary of Commerce and the U.S. Trade Representative also will consult business and labor on these issues. I will convey to the Congress in July my views on export promo 401 Feb. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tion and disincentives, as required by the Trade Agreements Act of 1979. Our further review and concurrent operational decisions will be guided by realistic analysis of costs and benefits of proposed export restraints. In administering laws and policies that impose disincentives on our exports, the Federal Government will continually seek to reduce unintended or unnecessary costs to our export industries. In considering new export controls to achieve foreign policy objectives and in reassessing current sanctions, except in the field of arms exports, my administration will be highly selective in the use of controls where the affected country has access to alternative supply. In all appropriate fields, we shall seek broader international cooperation in pursuit of policy objectives entailing restraints on exports. SUMMARY REPORT OF TASK FORCE ON EXPORT DISINCENTIVES This is an interim report of actions already taken by responsible executive branch agencies during the Task Force's review of five sets of laws and7 policies that constitute significant "export disincentives." Additional action is recommended in three fields. UNCERTAINTIES AS TO THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT The Congress, the administration, and all responsible businessmen share a commitment to the purposes of this act. Extortion and bribery should have no place in our international business. Our business should not, however, needlessly suffer loss of exports because of uncertainty as to the meaning of this act or as to differing interpretations by its two enforcement agencies, the Department of Justice and the Securities and Exchange Coin mission. The Justice Department will begin this month to provide guidance under the act to inquiring companies on any proposed international transaction. Companies will be able to obtain advance knowledge as to whether the Department will take an enforcement action if a transaction proceeds. The Department will give prompt general circulation to the substance of these decisions. After a year of operating experience with this procedure, the Secretary of Commerce and the Attorney General will initiate a review, inviting comments by business and other interested parties on the effectiveness of the system in reducing uncertainty as to the meaning of the act. The Congress then may find it appropriate to conduct its own review of the act. Because unilateral U.S. action can have only marginal impact on the business standards of other countries, the United States should continue to work with other governments to coordinate procurement practices and reduce opportunities for corruption. ANTIBOYCOTT LAWS AND REGULATIONS U.S. law and policy prohibit cooperation with boycotts imposed by foreign countries against nations friendly to the United States. Our antiboycott regulations appear to be effective in deterring U.S. companies from complying with proscribed boycott action. However, differences among three applicable laws and related regulations have created uncertainties that cause unnecessary loss of export business. The Commerce and Treasury Departments, the agencies implementing the antiboycott programs, have lessened differences between their regulations, thereby reducing uncertainty and costs of compliance with two different sets of regulations. Some major boycotting countries have made significant 402 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 27 changes in their practices with respect to terms of letters of credit, boycott questionnaires, and certificates of origin. Changes such as these have reduced the exclusion of U.S. companies from trade opportunities. FOREIGN POLICY EXPORT CONTROLS The Export Administration Act of 1979 has met some of the major concerns of business by inclusion of detailed provisions regarding use of export controls to further foreign policy objectives. In response to this legislation, the administration has publicly identified and shortened the list of controlled goods and technologies subject to restriction for foreign policy reasons, as distinguished from controls for national security reasons. Recognizing the general availability of controlled items from alternative sources, the administration should, when feasible, seek the cooperation of other governments in the application of export controls and be very selective in applying such controls when the affected country would have access to alternative supply. NUCLEAR EXPORT CONTROLS The agencies administering our nuclear export controls have taken steps to enhance the United States reliability as a supplier of nuclear materials and equipment, consistent with our firm commitment to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. For example, we are now providing multiple reload licenses for components for most reactors abroad, and eliminating licensing requirements for nonsignificant quantities of nuclear material. A separate retransfer authorization is no longer required in cases where the retransfer was foreseen and approved in the license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Moreover, in deal ing with specific cases of proliferation concern, we have had considerable success in harmonizing our nuclear export policies with other key countries. Further streamlining of our nuclear export licensing system should be considered. Meanwhile, executive branch agencies are undertaking these measures: 1. In considering exports of dual-use items of significance for nuclear explosives, they will focus attention primarily on countries of proliferation concern, minimizing interruption of commerce with countries that have good nonproliferation credentials; and 2. They will continue efforts to harmonize international conditions for approving or denying exports and re-exports of those dual-use items which we continue to license. ARMS EXPORT CONTROL During the course of this review, the munitions export licensing process has been expedited. Although the annual case load increased from about 24,000 in 1978 to about 30,000 in 1979, the average number of export applications awaiting decision for over 30 days dropped from about 675 in 1978 to under 400 in 1979. As a general rule, decisions now are being given within 20 working days. Nuclear Nonproliferation Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. February 27, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I have reviewed the activities of U.S. Government departments and agencies during CY 1979 with respect to the prevention of nuclear proliferation, and am pleased to submit the second annual re 403 Feb. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 port called for by Section 601 (a) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-242). The enclosed report contains a general summary and chapters detailing the progress made in the following areas: -completion of the studies of the International Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE); -creation of an international nuclear fuel regime; -development of common export and domestic policies; -increased adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; -strengthening of International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards; -negotiation of international agreements for peaceful nuclear cooperation; -cooperation in energy with developing countries; -international cooperation in protection of the environment; -establishment of procedures on other export-related matters; and -determinations as specified in 601 (a) 3 of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act. The report concludes that U.S. nonproliferation initiatives, including the Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, have continued to make a positive contribution to non-proliferation by increasing international awareness of the proliferation risk inherent in certain peaceful nuclear activities. This increased awareness is reflected most notably in the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, which will conclude in late February. The Evaluation meetings have also provided a forum for an organized, wideranging and detailed technical reexamination of assumptions and alternatives, in which a large number of countries with varying interests have participated. Our own contributions to these discussions have helped to overcome some of the doubts and concerns of other countries about the motives and intentions behind our policies. After the conclusion of INFCE, Congress will be informed of its specific findings. Further progress was made during 1977 on most of the other challenges identified in last year's report as well. Negotiations were completed for an international convention on the physical protection of nuclear material. Bilateral cooperation agreements were reached on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Six additional countries signed the NPT. The IAEA safeguards system was technically improved and strengthened. On the less positive side, additional effort will be needed to demonstrate the feasibility of arranging for the international storage of spent fuel as well as for the permanent disposal of nuclear waste. And some countries continue to have concerns about U.S. non-proliferation policy and our reliability as a nuclear supplier. We will need to work closely with our trading partners to resolve fuel cycle and related issues in the months ahead. In addition, special proliferation issues must be confronted in certain areas such as South Asia and the Middle East. We will continue to address these and other concerns noted in the report during the coming year, as we pursue our efforts to achieve international support for additional measures to reduce the risk of proliferation while meeting legitimate energy needs. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 27, 1980. NOTE: The report is entitled "Report of the President to the Congress Pursuant to Section 601 of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978-January 1980" (61 pages plus appendices). 404 —~"~UIII --- — --- —---— ~- I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 27 Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week, 1980 Proclamation 4727. February 27, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation America's strength is in the heart of its people and the richness of its cultural diversity. Those who have come from Asian and Pacific countries have long added a special quality to our American mosaic. In spite of adversity, in spite of violence inflicted on their peoples and cultures, Asian and Pacific Americans have shed sweat and blood in the struggle for America's nationhood and in the quest for freedom and opportunity. Out of all proportion to their numbers, Asian and Pacific Americans have contributed to our Nation's progress in a wide range of fields-science, the arts, literature, agriculture, industry and commerce. Bringing with them the strong and varied traditions of their Asian and Pacific homelands-China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, the Pacific Islands, and Southeast Asia-they have greatly enriched our cultural heritage and institutions. As we welcome new groups of Asian and Pacific peoples to our shores, our hearts are saddened by the suffering that has caused many of them to leave their homelands, but we are proud to be able to offer them freedom and hope and opportunity in America. As we work together to help them make the difficult adjustments to a new land and new lives, we are deeply aware of our debt to the generations of Asian and Pacific Americans who have come before them. We are grateful for their presence and glad for the opportunity to continue our tradition as a land of immigrants, people who have come from every corner of the earth, united by a common commitment to human rights and human liberty. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, declare the seven days beginning May 7, 1980, as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week. I call upon the people of the United States to observe this week with appropriate ceremonies and activities. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:47 p.m., February 27, 1980] United States Ambassador to Finland Nomination of James Eugene Goodby. February 27, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate James Eugene Goodby, of East Derry, N.H., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Finland. He would replace Rozanne Ridgway, who has been appointed to another position. Goodby has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs since 1977. He was born December 20, 1929, in Providence, R.I. He received an A.B. from Harvard University in 1951. He served in the U.S. Air Force from 1952 to 1953. From 1954 to 1959, Goodby was a foreign affairs specialist with the U.S. 405 Feb. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Atomic Energy Commission. He was with the Office of the Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Atomic Energy from 1960 to 1961 and was detailed as officer in charge of nuclear test ban negotiations at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency from 1961 to 1963. From 1963 to 1967, Goodby was a member of the Policy Planning Council at the State Department. From 1967 to 1969, he was a political officer at the U.S. Mission to the European Communities in Brussels. He was officer in charge of defense policy affairs in the State Department's Office of NATO Affairs from 1969 to 1971. From 1971 to 1974, Goodby was counselor for political affairs at U.S. NATO headquarters in Brussels. He was Deputy Director of the Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs from 1974 to 1977. International Science and Technology Message to the Congress Reporting on U.S. Programs. February 27, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: This report responds to the requirement, embodied in Title V of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1979 (P.L. 95-426), that I report annually on the United States Government's international activities primarily involving science and technology. As a supplement to this report, the Department of State has prepared a detailed study that contains a more complete description and analysis of this Government's international scientific and technological activities; that study accompanies this report. It is clear that science and technology play an increasingly important role in the realization of the foreign and domestic goals of our Nation. Recognizing this, my Administration has been giving increased attention to stimulating the appropriate application of our great strength in science and technology to international relationships and activities that can further our national goals. As I reported in my March 27, 1979, Message to the Congress on Science and Technology, four themes have shaped U.S. policy with regard to international activities in science and technology: -the pursuit of new international inifiatives that advance our own research and development objectives; -the development and strengthening of scientific exchanges that bridge political, ideological and cultural divisions between countries; -the formulation of programs and institutions to help developing countries use science and technology; and -cooperation with other nations to manage technologies with global impact. MAJOR INTERNATIONAL S&T ACTIVITIES OF 1979 In support of these themes and objectives, a number of important initiatives have been taken during 1979: -USSR. The United States and the Soviet Union work together under a framework of eleven separate agreements for cooperation in scientific and technical fields. However, my Administration has recently taken steps to demonstrate that the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan will have an adverse effect on all forms of cooperation including scientific exchanges. I have taken the deliberate decision to focus our restrictive measures against specific activities, not against the framework of the agreements themselves. 406 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 2 7 Each individual activity planned under the eleven bilateral agreements is currently being reviewed to determine its appropriateness. Only those substantive exchanges which are of overriding scientific interest to the U.S. or which involve humanitarian concerns such as health or the environment will be continued under the present circumstances. -China. In January 1979, I signed an agreement on science and technology cooperation with Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China. Since that time our two countries have negotiated and signed thirteen protocols for cooperation in a broad variety of specific science and technology fields. These cooperative efforts are of great importance to the building of a strong and modern China, which is clearly in the interests of this country. -Japan. A major step in further expanding the already extensive scientific cooperation between the U.S. and Japan was taken in May 1979 with the signing of a bilateral agreement for cooperative energy R&D projects, such as coal liquefaction, nuclear fusion, and geothermal and solar energy. More recently, I made a proposal to the Japanese for a complementary program of joint R&D in nonenergy areas of global importance such as space research, environmental protection, health and agriculture. Two preparatory meetings (September 1979 and February 1980) have been held and we have reached agreement on a number of specific R&D projects pending budgetary approval on both sides. -Latin America and the Caribbean. Impressive progress has been made in our science and technology relations with Mexico. During my meeting with President Lopez Portillo in February 1979, a memorandum of understanding was signed inaugurating cooperation in a number of areas, including arid lands agriculture and energy R&D. S&T cooperation in this hemisphere was furthered by an October trip of my Science and Technology Adviser to a number of countries in South America and the Caribbean. Joint S&T activities are being developed with Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, the Andean Pact, and the Caribbean region as a result of intensive consultations with leading science officials in these countries and regions. -ISTC. I established by Executive Order on October 1, 1979, the Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation as authorized by Congress in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1979. This Institute is designed to strengthen the capacity of developing countries to solve their development problems through scientific and technological innovation, to foster research on problems of development and to facilitate scientific and technological cooperation with developing countries. The Institute will also be a principal point of contact for science and technology development issues for regional and multilateral scientific and technological organizations as well as for the U.S. official and private scientific communities. My objective is to provide a new and explicit focus on the scientific and technological resources that can be brought to bear on the difficult problems of development, and to raise the capacity of the developing world to apply expertly these scientific and technological resources to their own unique requirements. The unique structure and style of operation of the Institute will also allow for a broad range of cooperation with scientists and institutions with middle income countries. I believe this effort has great potential; it is a matter of high priority that the Institute be funded so that it can begin its new and challenging tasks. 407 l - Feb. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -UN Conference on S&T for Development. The United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development, held in Vienna in August 1979, sought to strengthen international cooperation in applying science and technology to problems of developing countries. By bringing together scientists and science officials from developing and developed countries, the Conference served to focus world attention on the importance of science and technology for development. The Conference agreed on a number of measures to coordinate and strengthen UN activities in science and technology, including the establishment of an Intergovernmental Committee for Science and Technology for Development. As a result of decisions taken by the Conference, I have proposed in my 1981 Budget a $15 million contribution to the newly established UN fund devoted to S&T for development. FUNDING AND PERSONNEL My 1981 Budget has been sent to the Congress. In it, I have requested funds for international S&T activities necessary to meet our priority domestic and foreign policy needs. It is clear that the Nation will benefit fully from the international use of our scientific and technological resources only if those in the Government responsible for planning and carrying out these programs have the knowledge and skills to understand both the opportunities and the risks inherent in any application of new knowledge. It is especially important that they be aware of the impact of technology on other societies and cultures. The Secretary of State has already taken steps to expand the capabilities of the Foreign Service of the United States in the scientific and technological aspects of diplomacy. This effort will be sustained and supplemented by joint training programs with domestic agencies and exchanges of personnel designed to create within the Executive Branch a cadre of officers skilled in international science and technology policy. EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES In addition to the tasks directly specified in Title V of P.L. 95-426, in order to make more effective the routine evaluation of international S&T activities undertaken by the Government, I have directed the Secretary of State to take the following steps: -To review, as necessary, international activities in science and technology in terms of U.S. foreign policy objectives, and to provide advice regarding foreign policy objectives for new agreements. -To maintain a current information system covering major bilateral and multilateral activities primarily involving science and technology. -To develop criteria for reviewing the costs and benefits of bilateral and multilateral S&T activities and to apply these criteria in reviewing the utility of these activities. -To coordinate assessments of the overall balance of benefits prior to any decision regarding renewal, extension or termination of major bilateral and multilateral science and technology agreements. The Department of State shall provide the foreign policy input to these assessments. -To provide continuous oversight of major international science and technology agreements and activities, and to encourage the conclusion of comprehensive government-to-government agreements, wherever appropriate, that set forth general guidelines for specific agency-toagency implementing agreements. 408 I -~I~1 I '~I — ru Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 27 -To be cognizant of the potential applications of R&D supported by the other agencies of government to the problems of developing countries. ISTC, when funded, should coordinate a thorough assessment in this area. LOOKING TO THE FUTURE While we are often forced to attend to immediate crises, it is essential that we nurture our long-term scientific and technological relations with other countries. We must also sustain our efforts to deal with global problems such as economic development, resource conservation and management, environmental protection and the struggle against disease and hunger. Central to our future well-being is the intelligent application of our vast scientific and technological capabilities to deal with these problems. It is clear that our international science and technology activities, in addition to supporting this country's foreign policy objectives, provide a variety of benefits. At the same time, they enhance the world's stores of scientific and technological knowledge, affect worldwide welfare and prosperity, promote our foreign commercial relationships, and add a valuable dimension to our development assistance programs. JIMMY CARTER The White House, February 27, 1980. International Development and Security Assistance Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate Transmitting Proposed Legislation. February 27,1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) I herewith transmit a bill to authorize international development and security assistance programs for the fiscal years 1981 and 1982. The programs authorized by this bill are essential for an effective United States contribution to the reduction of hunger, poverty, and other developmental problems of the peoples of the less-developed countries. The United States economy and our political and economic leadership will be enhanced by the bill's programs. The bill will also provide for the achievement of a secure international environment, and for the attainment of our own foreign policy and security goals in a greatly troubled world. Through these programs, the United States assists friendly and allied nations in fostering their economic development and progress, in acquiring and maintaining the capability for their own defense, and in addressing political, military, and economic crises. This year I am transmitting a single bill, incorporating authorizations for both development and security assistance. Title I of the bill consists of amendments to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and to the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979. It includes all the fiscal year 1981 authorizations for the development assistance programs and related activities provided for in those statutes. Title I also includes fiscal year 1981 authorizations for the economic support fund. In addition, this title provides fiscal year 1981 authorization for peacekeeping operations, disaster assistance, international narcotics control, military assistance and grant military training programs carried out under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Title II consists of fiscal year 1981 authorizations for programs and related activities under the Arms Export Control Act. Title III comprises provisions applicable to the bill as a whole, including the fiscal year 1982 authorizations required by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. 409 Feb. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 In addition to authorizations of appropriations, the bill makes certain substantive changes to the statutory authorities under which development and security assistance programs are carried out. With respect to development assistance programs, these changes include a clarification of the applicability to United States support for private and voluntary organizations of statutory limitations on assistance programs, and a provision giving powers of subpoena to the Auditor General of the Agency for International Development. Insofar as security assistance is concerned, the bill amends the Arms Export Control Act to establish a separate authority for the sale of military design and construction services to foreign countries and international organizations, reflecting the essential difference in nature between such sales and other sales of defense articles and services under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. Developments over the past year, and in particular in recent months, have underscored perhaps more than ever before the importance of affording the President the ability to employ, promptly and effectively, foreign assistance to meet unforeseen foreign policy and security emergencies. As a consequence, the bill contains a number of provisions to this end. The authorization of fiscal year 1981 appropriations for the economic support fund includes $50,000,000 unallocated to any particular program and activity, and which would be available to meet currently unexpected situations where the provision of economic support fund assistance would be appropriate in furtherance of the national interests of the United States. The difficulties and delays occasioned by the need to reprogram such assistance from planned country programs over the past year indicates the importance and usefulness of such an unallocated amount under the economic support fund. The bill would also make available a comparable amount for military contingencies by increasing from $10 million to $50 million the scope of the President's emergency authority to draw upon the Department of Defense for military assistance in a fiscal year. In addition, the bill makes the special authority of section 614(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, applicable to programs under the Arms Export Control Act, and to "free-standing" provisions of law contained in annual development and security assistance authorization acts. This change restores the scope of the President's authority under section 614 (a) as it existed prior to 1968, when the military sales provisions of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 were removed from that act and included in the Foreign Military Sales Act (now the Arms Export Control Act). As a consequence, this change removes an anomaly from present law, whereby the President may use his authority under section 614(a) to authorize grants under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, but not sales or financing under the Arms Export Control Act. The bill also amends the Arms Export Control Act to eliminate the requirements for advance certification to the Congress of all major FMS sales, and proposed third-party transfers, to NATO, any NATO member, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. This change would facilitate vital military supply cooperation with important allies, and would render third-party transfer procedures less cumbersome by conforming those requirements to those applicable to major direct transfers under FMS. In addition, the bill amends the Arms Export Control Act to clarify the limitations upon the performance of defense services for a country in the event such country be 410 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 27 comes engaged in self-defense or other military operations. The Programs authorized by this bill are essential components of our foreign and national security policies, and of our commitment to the advancement in freedom, dignity and development of peoples in nations far less fortunate than our own. These programs have been formulated to achieve these ends in as effective and efficient a manner as possible in light of the resources available to us. They will serve our interests in the stability and economic prosperity of the developing countries, already important markets for U.S. exports, and whose participation in the world economy is steadily increasing. With particular regard for the authorizations requested in this bill for security assistance programs for Greece and for Turkey, I hereby certify, in accordance with section 620C (d) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, that the furnishing of such assistance to Greece and to Turkey will be consistent with the principles set forth in section 620C (b) of that Act. The explanation of the reasons for this certification in each case is contained in the congressional presentation materials for the fiscal year 1981 security assistance program. The difficult world situation facing the United States at this moment in history underscores the need to address, with renewed vigor, the human problems arising in the less-developed countries, our economic ties with them, and the security needs of our friends and allies. This bill will help us to do so, and I urge its early passage. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. Windfall Profits Tax Legislation Statement on Approval of the Legislation by the House and Senate Conference. February 27, 1980 I congratulate the House and Senate conferees for completing work last night on a tough, energy-sound windfall profits tax. This action is a major victory for the Nation, and I look forward to signing this legislation as soon as possible so that we can move forward with the vital task of achieving true energy security. The conferees are to be commended for their hard work and diligence over the past several months. I particularly want to thank Senator Russell Long and Congressman Al Ullman for their exceptional efforts in leading the conference. When I proposed the windfall profits tax last year, predictions of certain defeat were numerous. Instead of a defeat, however, the Nation will shortly begin to tax the windfall profits of the oil industry. Those tax funds will provide for a decade the revenues needed for increased energy research and development, mass transportation, low-income energy assistance, and will be available for other uses. Additionally, the legislation allows the flexibility needed to meet both anticipated and unforeseen needs in these areas. We will also be ensuring that the production benefits from my phased decontrol of oil prices will occur. The tax will provide sufficient revenues to encourage private industry to expand its exploration and development of domestic oil. I urge the House and Senate to promptly pass the windfall profits tax conference report. With that action, the Congress will have taken the most difficult step toward energy security. But more needs to be done. The Nation can no longer tolerate the interminable delays occurring in the 411 Feb. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 conferences on the energy mobilization board and the energy security corporation. Those conferees must complete their work soon. There is no excuse for continued inaction. National Women's History Week Statement by the President. February 28,1980 From the first settlers who came to our shores, from the first American Indian families who befriended them, men and women have worked together to build this Nation. Too often, the women were unsung and sometimes their contributions went unnoticed. But the achievements, leadership, courage, strength, and love of the women who built America was as vital as that of the men whose names we know so well. As Dr. Gerda Lerner has noted, "Women's history is women's right-an essential, indispensable heritage from which we can draw pride, comfort, courage, and long-range vision." I ask my fellow Americans to recognize this heritage with appropriate activities during National Women's History Week, March 2-8, 1980. I urge libraries, schools, and community organizations to focus their observances on the leaders who struggled for equality-Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth, Lucy Stone, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Harriet Tubman, and Alice Paul. Understanding the true history of our country will help us to comprehend the need for full equality under the law for all our people. This goal can be achieved by ratifying the 27th amendment to the United States Constitution: "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." Law Enforcement Remarks at a White House Reception for State Attorneys General, District Attorneys, and Police Chiefs. February 28, 1980 I just came from a brief ceremony with Bill Kreeger, head of our intelligence division of the FBI, who's served our country for 29 years. And I told him that it was a great source of pride for me, as President, to thank him for his superb professional competence and his staunch, unbending integrity. In my opinion, that's the characteristic that should exemplify law enforcement officials in local, State, and in the Federal Government. And that's the impression that I have of law enforcement officers. We have a time of great difficulty in our country. And here in the White House, as President, of course, I have to be primarily concerned about our Nation's security, about defense, about the maintenance of peace. But that responsibility cannot be separated from my own as the chief law enforcement officer of our country, and the preservation of justice, fairness, equity, the control of crime, the enhancement of respect among every citizen of our Nation for our governmental processes. You have very difficult jobs as local police officials, as State officials, as attorneys general, as representatives of the Federal Government in the control of drug traffic, in education, and in administration. 412 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 28 You've got a partner in the Oval Office, and I am here to back you up in the enforcement of the law. I recognize the difficulties that you face in a rapidly changing world. And I know that you've had a full day, specifically concentrating on two types of crime: arson and heroin traffic. Arson is the fastest growing crime, I believe, in the Nation. And we've had some success in controlling heroin. I think, in just recent times, we have cut heroin deaths down approximately 80 percent in our country, but we have a threat of another buildup in heroin supplies coming in from Southwest Asia. I want to emphasize one other point, and that is the crucial element of close coordination and cooperation and consultation and communication among the different levels of law enforcement officials. When I was Governor, I was quite often disconcerted at the lack of ease of cooperation among the different law enforcement agencies with which I had to deal. Those designed to enforce tax laws, drug laws, and the FBI at the Federal level, the State patrol, the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, the local police, the local sheriffs, quite often were too preoccupied with the preservation of their own independence and autonomy-and sometimes the protection of their law enforcement turf-and not adequately preoccupied with how they could cooperate with other law enforcement agencies in enforcing the law for exactly the same people. When a crime is committed, it causes severe loss and it causes personal pain or even death, as you know. And it also causes our societal structure to be weakened. It causes an alienation between the public that we are charged to protect and the public whose lives we are designed and charged with enhancing. This division, not only among different levels of government but between government and citizens of our Nation, has a farreaching, adverse effect on our Nation's strength. I hope that this session that you've had today, dealing with two specific elements of crime, will be the precursor for others and for a removal of barriers among us and for the realization that you have total support not only from the White House Oval Office, but also from the Attorney General, the FBI, the DEA, and other law enforcement officials and offices and bureaus in the Federal Government. We want this to be a two-way street, and I hope that you will never hesitate to let us know in Washington how we can help you do a better job at the State and local level. So, to summarize, let me say I have a deep appreciation for what you are accomplishing, a realization of the difficulties of law enforcement in our societal structure, and I want to let you know that you've got my absolute backing, my absolute support, and my deep desire for a closer coordination and cooperation with you in the future to protect our people and to let the greatest nation on Earth be even greater in the future. Now I'd like to shake hands with all of you individually, and I'd like to ask the Attorney General to join me. And again, from the bottom of my heart, thank you for making yourselves partners with me in protecting our people and strengthening our country. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 4:33 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Earlier in the day, the law enforcement officials took part in discussions and briefings at the J. Edgar Hoover F.B.I. Building. 413 Feb. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Inter-American Development Bank Day Proclamation 4728. February 29,1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The destinies of the people of North America and the people of Latin America have long been linked. Because of that relationship, one of the tools for the fulfillment of Latin American and Caribbean aspirations for economic and social development is a hemispheric framework of cooperation. The Inter-American Development Bank is an important part of that framework. It began operations twenty years ago as a mutual effort by the United States and Latin America to promote progress in the hemisphere. Since 1960, the Bank has grown to embrace the nations of the Caribbean and, as contributors, Canada and 15 developed nations outside the hemisphere. In the course of its first two decades, the Inter-American Development Bank has committed over $16 billion in development loans to bring electricity and running water to Latin American villages, to provide schools and health care for overcrowded cities, to supply credit to small farmers and entrepreneurs, and to promote a modern infrastructure for Latin American economies. Through its own strong efforts, assisted by the Inter-American Development Bank, Latin America as a region has achieved high real growth rates in recent years-resulting in improved living standards and expanding opportunities for trade and investment. February 1980-the twentieth anniversary of the first meeting of the governing body of the Inter-American Development Bank-is a good time for the American people to take note of the success of a bold experiment in hemispheric sharing. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, proclaim February 29, 1980, as InterAmerican Development Bank Day, in recognition of the role of the Inter-American Development Bank and in reaffirmation of the commitment of the American people and Government to the Bank and to the cause of peaceful economic and social progress in the hemisphere. I direct the Secretary of the Treasury, as United States Governor of the Inter-American Development Bank, to communicate this proclamation to the authorities of the Bank and to each of its member governments. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of February in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:17 p.m., February 29, 1980] Second Environmental Decade Remarks at the 10th Anniversary Observance of the National Environmental Policy Act, Earth Day, and Several Federal Agencies. February 29, 1980 FRANK SEBASTIAN.' Mr. President, we re honored to meet with you and to thank you in person for your environmental achievements and your impressive record. We're proud that the Environmental Industry Council's members, manufacturers, 1 Chairman of the Environmental Industry Council. 414 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 29 employ some 2 million people. We believe that underscores your longstanding awareness that a clean environment not only is essential for health, but also is good economics. The Council appreciates your continued dedication to environmental improvement and your unrelenting efforts to resist pressures that threaten pollutionreduction goals. Mr. President, it's a great privilege to present the environmental industry's first national leadership award. I'll read, if I may: "The environmental industry of the United States is honored to present its first national leadership award to President Jimmy Carter, in recognition of his enlightened and steadfast leadership of the United States Government and the Nation in the realm of environmental protection and environmental improvement in all of its facets-economic, geographic, political and technological-on behalf of the Board of Directors of the Environmental Industry Council, representing manufacturers of environmental equipment and systems for the control of all forms of environmental pollution." THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Frank Sebastian, for this special award, and thank you, Gus, for setting up this celebration. The longer I'm in the White House, and the more diverse and serious are the responsibilities which I feel on my own shoulders and with which I have to deal every day, the more I'm convinced of the tremendous historical nature of what has been achieved by you during these last 10 years. And because of that, I want to welcome you to the White House. It's a great pleasure to commemorate together 10 years of environmental achievement. This has been a decade of substantial change in the national consciousness about the fragility of our planet. This has been a decade of momentous change in commitment among literally millions of people who formerly were not motivated to join some of you leaders in a common effort. I think during this time we've turned irrevocably away from a mindless destruction of our environment, and we have committed ourselves to an immense national undertaking to protect it. It hasn't always been easy, but the summary of what has been accomplished is sobering and gratifying indeed. It's a decade that began with the National Environmental Policy Act, which committed us to this course. Few laws in our history have so changed our land for the better. Many of you helped to pass NEPA and helped make it effective. You helped to establish the Council on Environmental Quality, the Environmental Protection Agency, headed by Doug, and the National Oceanographic [Oceanic] and Atmospheric Administration. Ten years ago, the first Earth Day was a strong expression of concern by the American public. And I think the outpouring of people on that day, including myself and many of you, shocked the populace, because of the expression of public support for what at that time, as it is now, was a very controversial and potentially divisive subject. Earth Day 1980 will give us a time to reflect on our progress even more and decide what we must do together in the future. Let me add that this year also is another historic milestone, one that reminds us of a long history of dedicated service by hundreds of thousands of private citizens, and that is the Diamond Jubilee of the National Audubon Society. We begin the 1980's with the knowledge that citizen commitment to environmental quality remains strong. I'm determined that my administration will continue to be as environmentally progressive as any in history, including the administrations of great environmental leaders 415 Feb. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 like Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt and, perhaps, some others. I sought out good people from the environmental community and brought them into the Government and put them to work, and I'm glad to share credit with them for some of the things that have been achieved-not only for the new policies that we instituted, but also for the fact that environmental concern has now become a central and a routine and an integral part of every decision we make. We've issued two broad environmental messages to set forth overall policy, plus other messages dealing with oil pollution in the oceans, water resources policy reform, solar energy, nuclear waste, nuclear nonproliferation, urban policy. And we've tried to carry out those policies as well as introduce a message. In some of those areas, we have tried to marshall worldwide support for the innovative and necessary policies that we've espoused. We've improved protection of marine animals, including whales, and we are making vigorous efforts to enforce the environmental laws that are on the books. And together, you and I, we will continue to protect in an increasingly effective way the Alaska lands. This has been a productive 3 years for environmental legislation, thanks to many of the key Members of the House and Senate who are assembled here with us today. We passed the Surface Mining Reclamation Act, a law which had been vetoed twice by my predecessors. We passed the Clean Air and the Clean Water Act amendments, which strengthen our basic environmental protection laws. Twice we reauthorized the Endangered Species Act. We signed into law the unprecedented National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978. And I've since proposed, as you know, large additions to our national rivers and trails and to our wilderness systems. One of my most unforgettable experiences as President-I've had a lot of unforgettable experiences-[laughter]-this is one of the most pleasant unforgettable experiences-was a raft trip down the Salmon River, with Cecil Andrus and a group of dedicated lovers of the outdoors, in one of the most priceless wilderness areas. To preserve that part of our common heritage, I proposed-and I want to see enacted-legislation that will protect the Salmon River and establish the River Of No Return Wilderness in Idaho. Another American shared my desire to preserve the middle fork of the Salmonone of America's great jurists and one of America's great environmental leaders, the late Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas. His widow, Cathy, is with us today, and has been carrying on his work to preserve America's wilderness areas. Cathy, would you stand just a moment? It is with deep admiration and gratitude for Justice Douglas and for you, Cathy, that I've signed a proclamation today changing the name of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Range. Sitting on top of the world, this wildlife range is the largest in our system. It's an extraordinary locale, as you know, and a symbol of freedom. I cannot think of a better name for it than the William O. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range. I can't think of a better symbol of freedom than the caribou and the moose, a thousand years from now, still proceeding freely in that beautiful part of God's world. As Justice Douglas wished, we will continue working to ensure adequate and permanent protection of Alaska's irreplaceable treasures, including wilderness designation for the Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range. 416 -— ~ ---~ --- —-I --- -PICIPIM Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 29 We have had some notable successes in Congress. The issues are still sharply drawn; nothing can be taken for granted. Threats still persist, and there is not a natural, automatic momentum for the protection of environmental quality and for the enhancement of the programs which all of you have espoused and for which you have fought so long. The water resources authorization bill, for instance, just passed by the House, is a travesty. Many of its projects are environmentally destructive. It's wasteful. It is inflationary. It's even worse than the Water Resources Appropriations Act, which I vetoed before. And with your help and support, I do not intend to allow this proposed legislation to become law. There is another waste of resources that concerns me greatly, and it concerns every head of every nation on Earthsome acutely, some with an increasing degree of concern-and that is the waste of energy. Energy conservation is essential, not just in a crisis or even as a transition to renewable resources, but energy conservation has got to become a way of life. In the 1978 National Energy Act and in later acts, we've undertaken to do what future generations will recognize as a massive and fundamental shift toward energy efficiency. We've begun a momentum which I intend to sustain and to accelerate. The 1981 budget which I have proposed includes over $2 billion in outlays directly for energy conservation, twice what we are spending this year in 1980. And I support legislation now in Congress which will add another $6 billion to that effort to conserve energy. Conservation remains the best environmental and economic way to meet our current energy needs. Conservation is and will remain the cornerstone of our energy policy. However, conservation alone is not enough. We must develop solar and renewable energy sources and, as I've said before, no foreign cartel can embargo or set the price on power that comes directly from the sun. True energy security can only come from solar and renewable energy technologies. We must also have realistic prices for declining petroleum reserves. Long before there was an effort to make petroleum prices competitive, environmentalists urged that those prices actually reflect the replacement cost of this resource, something that we are now belatedly putting into effect. As long as we have artificially cheap oil, waste will result, conservation will be impossible, and the development of competitive, renewable energy resources will be restrained or prohibited. It's important to pursue a broad range of alternative energy sources, including synthetic fuels. We will not sacrifice the quality of our environment for synthetic or any other fuels. As you know, the Energy Mobilization Board, a highly controversial proposal, is designed to simplify decisionmaking on critical energy facilities. This Board should only eliminate unnecessary delays in making an objective decision and not undermine any necessary protections. I do not support waivers of substantive environmental standards, and I do not support broad grandfather clauses that are simply substantive waivers in disguise. On all such issues, even on those rare occasions when we have disagreed, you have had direct access to us-to me, personally, and to my administration-and your views have been heard and almost always heeded, before, not after decisions were made. This is an open administration. We have benefited from your anal 417 Feb. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ysis, your suggestions, your counsel, and your criticisms, and I want to continue this close relationship. You and I still have a lot of unfinished business. Legislation now pending, as significant as any that we have seen in the preceding decade, including Alaska lands, the proposed conservation and solar bank, nuclear and hazardous waste bills, and the National Heritage Policy Act, which will preserve our Nation's most treasured resources-these are just a few among the highest-ranked in my own legislative agenda. Just before lunch, Gus and I were discussing the long-term threats which just a few years ago were not even considered: the build-up of carbon dioxide; acid rain; the fact that 800 million human beings now suffer from lack of nourishment or disease; the fact that our population will increase 50 percent in the world by the end of this century; that we are likely to lose 40 percent of our rain forests; the fact that the oceans are almost inevitably going to be increasingly polluted; the fact that, because of erosion and the encroachment of deserts, we lose the equivalent of productive land equal, roughly, to an area the size of Maine every year. These kinds of concerns affect you and me, and on some of them we've hardly begun to work on corrective action that might be proposed, much less accepted and implemented. This last decade, however, has demonstrated that we can buck the trends, that we can meet apparently insurmountable obstacles and overcome those obstacles if we have the will and the unity which is required for success. The past decade and its achievements point the way toward this coming decade that is one not of discouragement and despair and failure, but of great opportunity to gain acceptance of innovative and commonsense solutions that we've talked about for years, even to problems that seem to be almost completely insoluble. The 1980's offer vast potential for conserving energy and natural resources that's both good environmental policy and good economic self-interest. It's time to revive some old-fashioned notions about the wise use of what we have. It's time for a society of consumers to become a society of conservers. This tremendous change is inevitable in our country, and it's only just begun. And I believe that the 220 million Americans who are not here today will have to look to this group to a major degree to make this inevitable transition as rapid and as painless as possible. We must conserve not just petroleum but the whole range of natural resources. We know better than perhaps any other nation on Earth the value of our forests, our fisheries, and our minerals, and that those seemingly limitless resources in the past have a definite limit. We must also recognize that even our manmade communities must be conserved, and the quality of them must be enhanced. Conservation is essential to sustain the ecological diversity which is vital to the survival of human beings. We are recognizing that the conflict between resource use and resource protection is often unnecessary. The conflict between those, use and conservation, is unnecessary. The science of ecology teaches us that the natural systems yield substantial benefits to people who work with nature and not against nature. The power of the Sun, the wind, and the tides, and the protective and cleansing function of wetlands, of floodplains and barrier islands, the use of biological pest control, the role of the forests and the vegetation in maintaining the soil and the atmosphere-these are just a few examples. For the sake of future generations, we must rely more on natural 418 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 29 processes and on the sensitive management of renewable resources. We are charged with the stewardship of an irreplaceable environment. These are the preeminent environmental challenges of the next decade. And as our descendants look back on the 1980's, let it be said, first, that we kept our commitment to the restoration of environmental quality; second, that we protected the public health from the continuing dangers of toxic chemicals, from pollution, from hazardous and radioactive wastes, and that we made our communities safer, healthier, and better places to live; third, that we preserved America's wilderness areas, and particularly its last great frontier, Alaska, for the benefit of all Americans in perpetuity; fourth, that we put this Nation on a path to a sustainable energy future, one based increasingly on renewable resources and on energy conservation; fifth, that we moved to protect America's countryside and coastland from mismanagement and overdevelopment, and that this year, the year of the coast, was perhaps the turning point; sixth, that we redirected the management of the Nation's water resources toward water conservation and environmental protection; seventh, that we faced squarely such worldwide problems as the destruction of forests, acid rain, carbon dioxide buildup, and nuclear proliferation; and, eighth, that we protected the habitat and the existence of our own species on this Earth. That list, which may not be all-inclusive, is genuine progress toward realizing the American dream. That's the way we will, together, you and I, move into the 1980's. This 10th birthday will not mark the end of an environmental golden era but the beginning of our second environmental decade that will give a better quality of life not only to all Americans but to all human beings. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:07 p.m. in the East Room at the White House at the session attended by environmentalists, scientists, Members of Congress, and past and present employees of the Council on Environmental Quality, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of the Interior. A question-and-answer period with administration officials, including Douglas M. Costle, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and Gus Speth, Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, was held with members of the audience before the President's arrival. Following the President's departure, a reception was held in the White House for guests. William 0. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range Proclamation 4729. February 29, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation "The Arctic has a call that is compelling. The distant mountains make one want to go on and on over the next ridge and over the one beyond. The call is that of a wilderness known only to a few... This last American wilderness must remain sacrosanct." These are the words of the late Justice William 0. Douglas describing the Brooks Range in Alaska, where the Arctic National Wildlife Range is located. They were written in 1960, the year the Range was established. William 0. Douglas staunchly asserted the right of all living things to be born, 419.G Feb. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 grow and die in a state of natural freedom. He cared for the moose and caribou of the arctic range as he cared for all those whose life and liberty were threatened by forces larger than themselves. Justice Douglas insisted that the present generation must protect environmental and human rights not only for themselves but for the sake of future generations as well. He took strength from the refuge that nature and wilderness give the human soul. It is fitting to memorialize this great American with one of America's most remarkable places. The area that will henceforth bear his name is an environment that offers the solitude and grandeur of vast arctic spaces as well as the vitality of a breeding ground for thousands of birds and for one of the largest remaining caribou herds on earth. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, and in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior who is charged with the management of the National Wildlife Refuge System, do hereby proclaim that the Arctic National Wildlife Range shall henceforth be known as the William 0. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range, in memory of a great American statesman and environmental leader. I hereby direct the Secretary of the Interior to take all steps necessary to implement this proclamation. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:34 p.m., March 3, 1980] Import Relief for the Nonrubber Footware Industry Announcement Concerning the Conclusions of an Administration Review. February 29, 1980 An interagency review of nonrubber footwear imports, undertaken in connection with the President's 1977 import relief program, has led to the conclusion that imports are expected to fall significantly below 1979 levels toward presurge levels and that import surges such as were experienced last year will not recur. The expected decline in imports, coupled with the overriding importance of avoiding any actions which add to inflation, dictate against revision of the import restraint program at this time. However, the administration review concluded that, should the expectations with respect to imports fail to materialize, the United States will take appropriate actions, with full consideration of the need to fight inflation, to assure that imports in fact do decline toward presurge levels, and that surges do not recur. These conclusions reflect the President's commitment to maintain the integrity of the relief program in a way which balances concerns for domestic jobs and production, inflation, and our trade relations with other countries. To fulfill this commitment, current monitoring of footwear imports will be intensified in an effort to obtain better and more timely forecasts of import trends. Imports of nonrubber footwear currently are subject to import relief action taken by the President in April 1977, following an investigation by the U.S. International Trade Commission. At that time, the President directed the negotiation of orderly marketing agreements 420 - pw-1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Feb. 29 (OMA's), which were subsequently concluded with Korea and Taiwan. The President also directed that a special trade adjustment assistance program be established to help the domestic footwear industry meet competition at home and abroad. In taking these actions, the President stressed that only problems as extreme as those then faced by the domestic shoe industry could justify the modest mandatory limits on imports. He noted that the long-term solution to the shoe industry's difficulties lies not in the restriction of imports, but in innovation and modification of the industry's facilities. Since negotiation of the OMA's, imports from Korea and Taiwan have been stabilized at or below the levels provided in the agreements. However, in 1979, imports from noncontrolled countries (those not covered by the OMA's) unexpectedly increased. Aggregate imports from all sources rose by 8 percent to 405 million pairs in 1979. According to preliminary data, imports from Italy in 1979 increased over the previous year by 54 percent to 97 million pairs. The administration's review of this situation began following the sharp increase in imports last year. In the third quarter of 1979, imports entered at an annual rate of 425 million pairs, which would have been an increase of 51 million pairs, or 14 percent, over imports in 1978. Imports in the fourth quarter of last year fell significantly, however, resulting in the smaller increase to the annual level of 405 million pairs. It is expected that this decline will continue in 1980. The review also showed that from 1978 to 1979, domestic production dropped by about 32 million pairs, or 7.6 percent, and employment was down by about 7,000 jobs or 4.5 percent. As part of its review, the administration has, in recent months, consulted with shoe exporting nations in an effort to resolve the problem. The administration intends to continue these efforts and will monitor imports, both as to world and individual country figures, so as to be able to identify potential surges and take appropriate action. The review was conducted under provisions of the Trade Act of 1974, which authorized the President to provide additional import relief if he determines that orderly marketing agreements are not continuing to be effective. In his June 22, 1977, proclamation implementing import relief, the President delegated to the U.S. Trade Representative this authority, as well as the responsibility to manage the import relief provided. Federal Reserve System Nomination of Lyle E. Gramley To Be a Member of the Board of Governors. February 29, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Lyle E. Gramley to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a 14-year term. He would replace Philip Coldwell, whose term has expired. Gramley has been a member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers since 1977. He was born January 14, 1927, in Aurora, Ill. He received a B.A. from Beloit College in 1951 and an M.A. (1952) and Ph. D. (1956) from Indiana University. From 1955 to 1962, Gramley was a financial economist with the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. From 1962 to 1964, he was an associate professor of economics at the University of Maryland. From 1964 to 1965, he was a senior economist with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 421 Feb. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 From 1965 to 1977, Gramley was with the Division of Research and Statistics of the Federal Reserve Board, beginning as an associate advisor and finally serving as director of the division. Gramley is the author of several publications on economics. He is a member of the American Economic Association and the National Economists Club. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. February 24 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md., and met with his economic advisers. February 25 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Gov. John Y. Brown of Kentucky and other Kentucky State officials; -Democratic members of the House of Representatives Judiciary Committee. The President attended a briefing by Mrs. Carter given for Senate wives in the East Room at the White House. February 26 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Relations; -Gov. William F. Winter of Mississippi; -Mrs. Carter, for lunch; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget; -the 1979-1980 Presidential Exchange Executives. The President transmitted to the Congress the 1979 annual report of the National Institute of Building Sciences. February 27 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Stansfield Turner, Director, and Frank C. Carlucci, Deputy Director, Central Intelligence Agency; -Ambassador Fumihiko Togo of Japan; -John Filer, chairman, and William Kolberg, president, National Alliance of Business; -Deputy Prime Minister Brian E. Talboys of New Zealand and Foreign Minister Andrew S. Peacock and Defense Minister Denis James Killen of Australia; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -Representative Gunn McKay of Utah; -Governors Robert List of Nevada and Scott Matheson of Utah. The President announced the reappointment of Abraham D. Beame, former mayor of New York City, as a member of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. The President has also redesignated Mr. Beame as Chairman of the Commission. 422 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 February 28 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary of Agriculture Bob Bergland, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, Secretary of Commerce Philip M. Klutznick, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, Jack H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President, and Mr. McIntyre; -Mr. Moore; -presidents of women's organizations. February 29 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Habib Bourguiba, Jr., Special Emissary and son of the President of Tunisia. The President transmitted to the Congress the 12th annual report of the Department of Transportation. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, NOMINATIONS-Continued nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted February 27, 1980 WILLIAM ALBERT NORRIS, of California, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, vice Walter Ely, retired. WALTER MEHEULA HEEN, of Hawaii, to be United States District Judge for the District of Hawaii, vice Dick Yin Wong, deceased. ODELL HORTON, of Tennessee, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Tennessee, vice Bailey Brown, elevated. JOHN T. NIXON, of Tennessee, to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Tennessee, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. SAMUEL F. NAPLES, of New Jersey, to be United States Marshal for the District of New Jersey, vice Carl E. Hirshman, resigned. STEPHEN BERGER, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Directors of the United States Railway Association for a term of 6 years, vice W. K. Smith, resigned. Submitted February 28, 1980 JAMES EUGENE GOODBY, of New Hampshire, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America toFinland. NORMA HOLLOWAY JOHNSON, of the District of Columbia, to be United States District Judge for the District of Columbia, vice George L. Hart, Jr., retired. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released February 26, 1980 Announcement: nomination of William Albert Norris to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit 423 -YWp-rrMllp-ur. —~rWP*lyiU Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 CHECKLIST-Continued Released February 26-Continued Announcement: nomination of Walter Meheula Heen to be United States District Judge for the District of Hawaii Announcement: nomination of Odell Horton to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Tennessee Announcement: nomination of John T. Nixon to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Tennessee Announcement: nomination of Samuel F. Naples to be United States Marshal for the District of New Jersey Released February 28, 1980 Announcement: nomination of Norma Holloway Johnson to be United States District Judge for the District of Columbia ACTS APROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved February 25, 1980 S. 1452 --- —---------- Public Law 96-195 An act to extend the provisions of title XII of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, relating to war risk insurance. Approved February 28, 1980 H.J.Res. 469 --- —------ Public Law 96-196 A joint resolution designating February 18, 1980, as "Iwo Jima Commemoration Day". H.J.Res. 477 --- —------ Public Law 96-197 A joint resolution to authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation honoring the memory of Walt Disney on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his contribution to the American dream. 424 m Week Ending Friday, March 7, 1980 Department of Education Nomination of F. James Rutherford To Be an Assistant Secretary. March 3, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate F. James Rutherford, of Washington, D.C. to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Research and Improvement, a new position. Rutherford has been Assistant Director for Science Education at the National Science Foundation since 1977, on leave from New York University, where he was chairman of the department of science education. He was born July 11, 1924, in Stockton, Calif. He received an A.B. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1947, an M.A. from Stanford University in 1949, and an Ed. D. from Harvard University in 1962. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1943 to 1946. From 1949 to 1951, Rutherford was a science teacher at South San Francisco High School. From 1951 to 1954 and 1956 to 1959, he was a science teacher and head of the science department at Capuchino High School, San Bruno, Calif. From 1961 to 1964, he was a science consultant on science curriculum development and director of the ScienceHumanities Project for the San Mateo Union High School District. From 1964 to 1971, Rutherford was an assistant, then associate professor of education at Harvard Graduate School of Education. He was also codirector and executive director of Harvard Project Physics, a national curriculum project. From 1971 to 1977, Rutherford was professor of science education and chairman of the department of science education at New York University. He served as head of the division of education for a short time before going to the National Science Foundation. Rutherford is the author of numerous publications on science education. Department of Education Nomination of Albert H. Bowker To Be an Assistant Secretary. March 3,1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Albert H. Bowker, of Berkeley, Calif., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Postsecondary Education, a new position. Bowker has been chancellor of the University of California at Berkeley since 1971. He was born September 8, 1919, in Winchendon, Mass. He received a B.S. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1941 and a Ph. D. from Columbia University in 1949. From 1943 to 1945, Bowker was assistant director of a statistical research group at Columbia University. He was on the faculty at Stanford University from 1947 to 1963, serving as a professor of mathematics and statistics, director of the applied mathematics and statistics labs, and from 1959 to 1963, as dean of the graduate division. 425 Mar. 3 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 From 1963 to 1971, Bowker was chancellor of City University of New York. Bowker is a fellow and former president of the American Statistical Association. He is the author of numerous articles and several books on statistics. Department of Education Nomination of Thomas Kendall Minter To Be an Assistant Secretary. March 3, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Thomas Kendall Minter, of Washington, D.C., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Elementary and Secondary Education, a new position. Minter has been Deputy Commissioner for Elementary and Secondary Education at the United States Office of Education since 1977. He was born June 28, 1924, in the Bronx, N.Y. He received a B.S. (1949) and M.A. (1950) from New York University's School of Education, an S.M.M. from Union Theological Seminary in 1955, and an Ed. D. from Harvard University's Graduate School of Education in 1971. From 1972 to 1975, Minter was superintendent for district seven of the school district of Philadelphia, Pa. From 1975 to 1977, he was superintendent of the Wilmington, Del., public schools. Department of Education Nomination of Steven Alan Minter To Be Under Secretary. March 3, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Steven Alan Minter, of Shaker Heights, Ohio, to be Under Secretary of Education, a new position. Minter has been program officer and vice president of the Cleveland Foundation since 1975, handling grants in health and social services and assisting in civic affairs. He was born on October 23, 1938, in Akron, Ohio. He received a B.A. in education from Baldwin-Wallace College in 1960 and a master's degree in social administration from Case Western Reserve University in 1963. From 1960 to 1970, Minter was with the Cuyahoga County Welfare Department, beginning as a caseworker and finally serving as director of the department in 1969 and 1970. From 1970 to 1975, he was commissioner of public welfare for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Minter is president of the American Public Welfare Association and serves on the board of trustees of the Child Welfare League of America. He is on the board of directors of the Association of Black Foundation Executives. Meeting With President Policarpo Paz Garcia of Honduras White House Statement. March 3, 1980 The President today met with General Policarpo Paz, President of the Military Junta of the Government of Honduras, who has been in the United States on a private visit. The two Presidents exchanged views on the political, economic, and social problems confronting Central America. General Paz and his advisers outlined for the President Honduras' development and security assistance needs and the transition process by which Honduras will return to constitutional rule. This process begins with the election of a Constituent Assembly on April 20. 426 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 4 The President expressed pleasure with the Honduran commitment to the development of democratic institutions in the context of equitable social and economic progress. He indicated that the United States is prepared to support the Honduran Government with economic and security assistance because of its commitment to reforms, economic development, and free elections. Israeli Settlements and the Status of Jerusalem Statement on the U.S. Vote in the Security Council of the United Nations. March 3, 1980 I want to make it clear that the vote of the United States in the Security Council of the United Nations does not represent a change in our position regarding the Israeli settlements in the occupied areas nor regarding the status of Jerusalem. While our opposition to the establishment of the Israeli settlements is longstanding and well-known, we made strenuous efforts to eliminate the language with reference to the dismantling of settlements in the resolution. This call for dismantling was neither proper nor practical. We believe that the future disposition of existing settlements must be determined during the current Autonomy Negotiations. As to Jerusalem, we strongly believe that Jerusalem should be undivided, with free access to the holy places for all faiths, and that its status should be determined in the negotiations for a comprehensive peace settlement. The United States vote in the United Nations was approved with the understanding that all references to Jerusalem would be deleted. The failure to com municate this clearly resulted in a vote in favor of the resolution rather than abstention. I want to reiterate in the most unequivocal of terms that in the Autonomy Negotiations and in other fora, the United States will neither support nor accept any position that might jeopardize Israel's vital security interests. Our commitment to Israel's security and well-being remains unqualified and unshakable. Agency for International Development Nomination of Joseph C. Wheeler To Be Deputy Administrator. March 4,1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Joseph C. Wheeler, of Arlington, Va., to be Deputy Administrator of the Agency for International Development (AID). He would replace Robert Nooter, resigned. Wheeler has been Assistant Administrator of AID's Bureau for the Near East since 1977. He was born November 21, 1926, in Concord, Mass. He received a B.A. from Bowdoin College in 1950 and an M.P.A. (1950) and M.A. (1951) from Harvard Graduate School of Public Administration. From 1961 to 1963, Wheeler was on the Peace Corps staff in Washington and New Delhi, India. From 1963 to 1965, he was Director of AID's Office of Greece, Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, and Central Treaty Organization Affairs. From 1965 to 1967, he was Director of the AID mission to Jordan. From 1967 to 1969, Wheeler was Deputy Assistant Administrator of the AID Bureau for the Near East and South 427 Mar. 4 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Asia. From 1969 to 1977, he was Director of the AID mission to Pakistan. United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Nomination of David Marion Clinard To Be an Assistant Director. March 4, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate David Marion Clinard, of McLean, Va., to be an Assistant Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament.Agency (ACDA). He would replace John Newhouse, resigned, and his area of responsibility would be international security programs. Clinard has been deputy to the Assistant Director of ACDA for International Security Programs since 1977. He was born May 11, 1932, in WinstonSalem, N.C. He received a B.A. from the University of North Carolina in 1953 and an LL.B. from the University of North Carolina Law School in 1956. From 1956 to 1960, he served in the U.S. Navy. From 1960 to 1963, Clinard was with the firm of Covington & Burling. He was with the Department of the Navy from 1963 to 1966 and with the Office of the Secretary of Defense from 1966 to 1970. From 1970 to 1975, Clinard was Assistant Defense Advisor to the U.S. mission to NATO. From 1975 to 1977, he was Deputy Director of the European Region of the International Security Agency. Federal Maritime Commission Nomination of Peter N. Teige To Be a Commissioner. March 4,1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Peter N. Teige, of Menlo Park, Calif., to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner for a term expiring June 30, 1985. Teige has been vice president for legal affairs of World Airways, Inc., since 1969. He was born July 9, 1919, in Chicago, Ill. He received a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1941 and an LL.B. from Harvard University Law School in 1947. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II. From 1947 to 1954, Teige was an attorney with the San Francisco firm of McCutchen, Thomas, Griffith, & Greene. From 1954 to 1969, he was vice president and general counsel of American President Lines, a major U.S. flag steamship operator headquartered in San Francisco. Budget Rescission Message to the Congress. March 4,1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, I herewith report a proposal to rescind $17.0 million in funds appropriated for atomic energy defense activities in the Department of Energy. The details of this rescission proposal are contained in the attached report. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 4, 1980. NOTE: The attachment detailing the rescission is printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of March 10, 1980. Massachusetts and Vermont Democratic Party Primaries Statement by the President. March 4, 1980 I deeply appreciate the expression of strong support from the voters of Ver 428 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 mont and wish to congratulate Senator Kennedy and his campaign organization on their victory in Massachusetts. Dedicated, hard-working volunteers are always important in any political campaign. While I am remaining in Washington to manage the Nation's affairs, they are doubly important. And I wish to thank the hundreds of volunteers who supported me in both States. I especially appreciate the hard work of my many supporters in Massachusetts, who did an outstanding job under difficult circumstances. All those citizens of both States, of both parties, who exercised their right to vote demonstrated their faith in the system of representative democracy, which is the strength of our Nation and the hope of the world. Next week a total of 418 delegates will be at stake in political contests in 10 States over the country-Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Washington, and Wyoming. These important political contests will continue to provide an opportunity for this Nation's voters to express their views on the type of leadership they want for the next 4 years, and I look forward to those tests. Generalized System of Preferences for Developing Countries Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate on Suspending Afghanistan's Designation as a Beneficiary Developing Country. March 3, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) In accordance with the requirements of section 502 (a) (2) of the Trade Act of 1974 (the Act), I am notifying the House of Representatives (Senate) of my inten tion to suspend, pursuant to section 504 of the Act, the designation of Afghanistan as a beneficiary developing country for purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences. The suspension will be effective sixty days from the date of this letter. This decision is based on my determination that, as the result of the Soviet invasion, the United States no longer has reasonable access to the commercial markets of Afghanistan and it is not in the national interest of the United States to continue preferential duty-free treatment for Afghanistan. I will consider reinstating Afghanistan as a beneficiary developing country for the purpose of the Generalized System of Preferences when the Soviet troops are withdrawn from the country. In reaching this conclusion, I have considered the factors set forth in sections 501 and 502(c), as required by section 504 of the Act. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. The text of the letters was released on March 5. Generalized System of Preferences for Developing Countries Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate on the Designation of Five New Beneficiary Developing Countries. March 3, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) In accordance with section 502(a) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, I herewith notify the House of Representatives (Senate) of my intention to issue an 429 Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Executive Order designating Ecuador, Indonesia, Uganda, Venezuela, and Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) as beneficiary developing countries for purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences. The considerations which entered into my decisions with respect to these countries were the following: (1) The requests of the countries that they be designated as beneficiaries. (2) The level of economic development of the countries, including their per capita gross national product, the general living standards of their populations, the levels of health, nutrition, education, and housing of their populations, and the degree of industrialization of the countries. (3) The fact that other major developed countries are extending generalized preferential tariff treatment to such countries. (4) The fact that these countries provide the United States with equitable and reasonable access to their markets and my expectation that these policies will continue. (5) The legislative history of the Trade Act, including the reports on that Act of the House Ways and Means Committee and the Senate Finance Committee. (6) The legislative history of the amendments to that Act contained in the Trade Agreements Act of 1979. Additional considerations entered into my decisions with respect to Ecuador, Indonesia, and Venezuela which are members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). I have determined that these countries are not ineligible for preference under section 502(b) (2) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, because, as required by section 502 (e) (2), these countries have entered into bilateral product specific trade agreements with the United States under sec tion 101 of the Trade Act of 1974 before January 3, 1980. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. The text of the letters was released on March 5. Teacher Day, USA Proclamation 4730. March 5,1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The great strength of America lies in its people, educated in the most comprehensive and open system of public education the world has ever known. We have an enormous stake in this system, and the key to it is the American teacher. The men and women who staff our schools spend countless hours inspiring, encouraging, informing, and preparing young people for the future. Their hard work is a lifelong gift. Behind every successful adult, there is usually a teacher who was an inspiration for excellence. Sadly, there has never been a national observance of the profound debt we owe our Nation's teachers. There is no time each year when we can bestow the individual recognition, honor, and encouragement our teachers richly deserve. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate March 7, 1980, as "Teacher Day, United States of America." I ask all Americans to communicate their personal appreciation, by word and 430 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 deed, to present and former teachers who have enriched their lives. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 1:09 p.m., March 5, 1980] Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System Executive Order 12197. March 5, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 292 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, as amended (50 U.S.C. 403 note), and in order to conform the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System to certain amendments to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System (Public Law 95-317 and Public Law 95-366), it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. The Director of Central Intelligence shall maintain the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System in accordance with the following principles: (a) The automatic restoration of the reduction in the annuity of the annuitant upon his or her remarriage shall be eliminated and the annuitant shall be allowed to elect, upon such remarriage, whether to provide a survivor annuity for the new spouse. The annuitant's election shall be irrevocable during the remarriage, and must be made in a signed writ ing and received by the Director within one year after the date of the remarriage. If the annuitant makes such an election, his or her annuity shall be reduced by the same percentage reduction which was in effect immediately before the dissolution of the previous marriage, and such reduction shall take effect on the first day of the month beginning one year after the date of the remarriage. (b) The reduction in the annuity of an annuitant shall be restored when a person designated as having an insurable interest in the annuitant predeceases the annuitant. Payment of the annuity at the single-life rate shall be effective the first day of the month following the death of the individual designated as having had the insurable interest. (c) An annuitant who was unmarried at the time of retirement but who marries after retirement shall be allowed to irrevocably elect, in a signed writing received by the Director within one year after the date of the marriage, a reduction in his or her annuity to provide a survivor annuity for his or her spouse. Such reduction shall be effective the first day of the month beginning one year after the date of marriage. An election to provide an annuity to a surviving spouse made under this provision voids prospectively any previous election to provide a survivor annuity to an individual named as having an insurable interest in the annuitant. Since the annuity reduction for the benefit of a surviving spouse will not take effect until the first day of the first month beginning one year after the date of the marriage, any annuity reduction in effect for an insurable interest benefit will not terminate until such date. (d) Each annuitant shall be informed, on an annual basis, of such annuitant's rights of election under this Order. 431 Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 (e) Payments to an annuitant which are based upon his or her service shall be paid, in whole or in part, by the CIA Retirement and Disability System to another person if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation. Any payment under this provision to a person bars recovery by any other person. This provision shall only apply to payments made after the date of receipt by the Director of written notice of such decree, order, or agreement, and such additional information and documentation as the Director may prescribe. As used in this subsection "court" means any court of any State or the District of Columbia. 1-102. (a) The provisions of Section 1-101(a) are effective as of October 1, 1978, and shall apply with respect to annuities which commence before, on, or after October 1, 1978. No monetary benefit by reason of such provisions shall accrue for any period before such effective date. The provisions of Section 1-101(a) of this Order shall not affect the eligibility of any individual to a survivor annuity in the case of an annuitant who remarried before October 1, 1978, unless the annuitant notifies the Director in a signed writing received by the Director no later than December 31, 1980, that such annuitant does not desire the spouse of the annuitant to receive a survivor annuity in the event of the annuitant's death. Such notification shall take effect the first day of the first month after it is received by the Director. (b) The provisions of Section 1-101 (b) and (c) are effective as of October 1, 1978, and shall apply with respect to annuities which commence before, on, or after October 1, 1978. No monetary bene fit by reason of such provisions shall accrue for any period before such effective date. (c) The provisions of Sections 1-101 (d) and (e) are effective immediately. 1-103. The Director of Central Intelligence is authorized to prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Order. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 5, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 1:10 p.m., March 5, 1980] National Parks and Recreation Act Amendments Statement on Signing H.R. 3757 Into Law. March 5, 1980 I have today signed H.R. 3757, a bill which establishes the Channel Islands National Park in California, designates the 3,200-mile North Country National Scenic Trail, and includes many other additional improvements to this Nation's park and recreational heritage. Many of the provisions contained in this bill amend and strengthen the National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978, which I had the pleasure to approve a little more than a year ago. The creation of Channel Islands National Park completes what President Franklin Roosevelt began in 1938. He created the Channel Islands National Monument, consisting of Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands off the coast of California, to preserve the outstanding scenic and unique wildlife values found there. This legislation expands the monument to protect Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and San Miguel Islands and establishes 432 "-' --- —-— 11111111II. r 1 111 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 the Channel Islands as this Nation's 40th national park. H.R. 3757 contains numerous authorities for the acquisition of additional lands within units of our National Park System. The bill also directs the Secretary of the Interior to identify and establish suitable sites to commemorate United States Presidents, designates the Birch River in West Virginia for study as a potential addition to the Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and establishes the Yaguina Head Outstanding Natural Area in the State of Oregon. The Nation owes a special thanks to all those who have contributed to the passage of this legislation. I would like to particularly recognize the authors of this billRepresentatives Phillip Burton, Anthony Beilenson, and Robert Lagomarsino and Senator Alan Cranston-for their diligence in pursuing this conservation goal. In signing this bill, however, I must note my concerns over the constitutionality of section 120, which would purport to give the committees of the Congress power to disapprove decisions made by the Secretary of the Interior to establish sites to commemorate former Presidents. I fully informed the Congress on June 21, 1978, of my views regarding the use of such legislative veto devices. Further, the Department of Justice on August 7, 1978, informed the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of its conclusion that a virtually identical legislative veto provision in a bill then pending before that committee was unconstitutional. Although I am signing this bill because of its importance, I am also instructing Secretary Andrus to regard the exercise of committee power granted to it under section 120 as advisory only. The Secretary will, of course, give the views of the committees and other Members of the Congress, as well as the general public, his fullest consideration in the selection of sites pursuant to this bill. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3757 is Public Law 96-199, approved March 5. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons White House Statement on the 10th Anniversary of the Treaty. March 5, 1980 Today is the 10th anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). For the past decade this treaty has admirably served the causes of international peace and technical progress in the nuclear field and has become the cornerstone of U.S. nonproliferation policy. The primary purpose of the NPT is to reduce the likelihood of nuclear war by preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. No nonnuclear-weapon state party to the NPT has, in the past decade, acquired nuclear explosives, despite the fact that some had the technological capability to do so. The treaty has enhanced international security by diminishing regional tensions, preempting regional nuclear arms races, and diminishing the role of nuclear weapons as symbols of national prestige. The NPT has provided an important structure for the international transfer of peaceful nuclear technology. Concern over the spread of nuclear weapons capabilities could significantly limit international cooperation in this field if there were no reliable method to ensure that civil nuclear technology would not be diverted to military purposes. Through a commitment to the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency, NPT 433 Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 adherence helps provide assurance that civil nuclear technology is used for legitimate peaceful purposes. Further assurances will be provided by the International Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials, which the United States signed on March 3. The NPT contains provisions that obligate all of its 112 parties-and in particular the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union-to pursue effective nuclear arms control. Since the treaty's entry into force, the United States and the Soviet Union have agreed to the ABM treaty and the SALT I interim agreement, and the SALT II treaty has been signed. We are continuing negotiations on a comprehensive test ban treaty. In August of this year, the NPT adherents will meet in Geneva to review the operation of the treaty over its first decade. The United States looks forward to working with these states to strengthen the NPT regime, to urge additional states to adhere to the treaty, and to underscore our shared commitment to controlling nuclear weapons and preventing their proliferation. Department of the Treasury Nomination of Curtis Alan Hessler To Be an Assistant Secretary. March 5, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Curtis Alan Hessler, of Westlake Village, Calif., to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. He would replace Daniel Brill, resigned, and his area of responsibility would be economic policy. Hessler was Associate Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1979 until earlier this year. He was born December 27, 1943, in Berwyn, Ill. He received a B.A. from Harvard College in 1966, attended Oxford University on a Rhodes Scholarship, received a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1973, and received an M.A. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1976. From 1973 to 1974, Hessler was a clerk for Judge J. Skelly Wright of the U.S. Court of Appeals, and from 1974 to 1975, he was law clerk for Justice Potter Stewart of the Supreme Court. In 1976 he practiced law with the Los Angeles firm of Munger, Tolles & Rickershauser. From 1976 to 1977, Hessler was a senior policy adviser in economics for the CarterMondale Transition Planning Group. From 1977 to 1979, he was Executive Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury and Executive Director of the Cabinet Economic Policy Group. United States Ambassador to Mexico Nomination of Julian Nava. March 5,1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Julian Nava, of Northridge, Calif., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Mexico. He would replace Patrick J. Lucey, resigned. Nava is special assistant to the president of California State University and previously taught history there for 22 years. He was born June 19, 1927, in Los Angeles, Calif. He received an A.B. from Pomona College in 1951 and an A.M. and Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1955. He served in the U.S. Naval Air Force from 1945 to 1946. From 1953 to 1954, Nava was a teacher at the United States Cultural Center in 434 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 Caracas, and from 1955 to 1957, he was a teacher at the University of Puerto Rico. From 1957 to 1979, he was a professor of history at California State University. In 1962-63 Nava taught at the Universidad de Valladolid in Spain, and in 1964-65 he taught at the Centro de Estudio Universitarios Colombo-Americano in Bogota. From 1967 to 1979, he served on the Los Angeles Board of Education. He has been special assistant to the president of California State University since earlier this year. Nava is chairman of the McGraw-Hill National Broadcasting Advisory Council for Public Service Programs and has served as president of the Pacific Coast Council on Latin American Studies. He is on the boards of Plaza de la Raza and the Hispanic Urban Center and on the advisory committees of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund and Bilingual Children's Television. He is the author of numerous books and articles on the history of Mexican Americans. Visit of Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of the Federal Republic of Germany Remarks to Reporters Following a Meeting. March 5,1980 THE CHANCELLOR. Ladies and gentlemen, the President has asked me to speak first, and so I will, reluctantly, because it's not so easy to talk to a foreign audience in a foreign language. I have an interpreter at my right side; in case that I might drop into German, he will help me out. Let me first express my gratitude for being invited by President Jimmy Carter to visit with him in the American Capital. We had a thorough discussion this afternoon about the global situation. I also had discussions with the Foreign Secretary, with the Secretary of Defense, and with the Security Adviser early on this morning. The President and I covered on the fields which need joint analysis, need joint decision, especially after Tehran, especially after Afghanistan. Let me insert here that I, as a person, having gone through some experience in my compatriots being taken as hostages at earlier occasions-that I, as a person, am full of admiration for the patience and discipline with which the American Nation and its President have, so far, acted in a situation of bitter frustration. We Germans and many Europeans alike are feeling the same feelings which obviously are prevailing in this country and this Nation. And we think that, so far, America and the American President-if I may say so, as a smaller ally, Mr. President-America and the American President have shown a great example of statesmanship in dealing with that very difficult situation. I deeply share the hopes of the American Nation that there will be freedom for these 50 of your compatriots soon. I don't know whether these attempts to express my feelings are clear enough to you, but I really want you to understand how much we feel to be on your sides regarding the hostage affair in Tehran. But we also do feel to be on your sides as your allies, as your friends, as an ally who owes so much to the American Nation over a period of 35 years after the war, who owes so much to America, even going back to the American Revolution more than 200 years ago-I would like to mention the fact that the basic rights in our constitution go right back to the tradition of the American Revolution-as an ally who owes so much to the United States that 435 And - r# Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 we feel to stand side by side with the Americans, as well, in the aftermath of Afghanistan. We try to contribute to our joint policies regarding Afghanistan, regarding the whole region of Southwest Asia, regarding the Gulf area, especially regarding the Soviet Union, as much as we can. We are in a different situation than most other Western countries, because we are a divided nation. Part of our nation is living on the eastern side, on the Communist side of Europe, against their own will-60 million. We also have the Berlin situation, which is not so easy. We are thankful to our American and French and British friends, who hold their shields over Berlin. But within the limitations naturally flowing from that specific situation, we contribute not only to the conceptual work in this situation but also in a more material way, as regards considerable military aid to Turkey, considerable financial aid to Turkey, not only this year, not only after Afghanistan, but all over the last couple of years; considerable financial aid to Pakistan, not only since yesterday but over the last couple of years, and we'll enlarge it, double it in 1980. I told the President about the plans we have in that field. We are going to propose a supplementary budget to our Parliament within the next couple of weeks in order to get the money approved for these purposes. On the other hand, in the central European theater we are doing what we have jointly decided in NATO as regards the long-term defense program, as well as regards the NATO decisions from December last, on modernization of the allied theater nuclear forces, on the one hand, and offer negotiations on mutual limitations of that kind of medium-range ballistic nuclear forces towards the Soviet Union, on the other hand. I would like to, in this context, if I may and if I'm not talking too long, JimmyI would like to mention, in this context, that the Federal Republic of Germany is a small country as regards area, densely populated-as densely as the centerpiece of the American east coast. We have concentrated quite a bit of military defensive capabilities in that little country, not only German capabilities-American capabilities, French, British, Belgian, Dutch, even Danish capabilities. We'll pursue that. The President and I, of course, consulted not only on defense matters. We also talked about economic matters, energy. We talked about the different situations in other parts of the world. I would like to say, in the end, that this has been a thorough consultation. We are not finished as yet. We have some other opportunities tonight to continue. There have been some press reports in Germany, other places also, in America, talking about difficulties in consulting each other. I would like to state here that right now, and in the last couple of weeks as well, the amount of consultation between Europeans, including Germany, on the one hand and our powerful American ally on the other hand have been penetrating consultations, have been illuminating consultations. We are satisfied with that state of affairs between ourselves and Europe on the one hand and the Americans, Canadians, on the other. Let me express my sincere belief in the ability of the North Atlantic Alliance to fulfill its tasks. I'm not only talking about the defensive tasks but the political tasks, the joint political tasks, and the difficulties of the world after the military invasion of the Soviet Union into Afghanistan. I would also like to mention to you that I'm, of course, talking on behalf of my 436 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 country, but that I believe that I'm also expressing the general mood and attitude of the other European nations and, the other European governments. Let me close by saying that I'll regard this visit as a very important one, coming in a rather difficult international situation. But on the other hand, I'm really thankful for having been able to visit the American President at this time and thankful indeed for the high amount of agreement among ourselves. The agreement between the United States of America and its European ally, Federal Republic of Germany-the amount of agreement is enormous. There are, from time to time, also nuances considering this question or that one. There are, of course, also, by nature and for geopolitical reasons as well, sometimes differences of interest. But I would like you press people not to dwell on these all the time. But please don't overlook the fact of a basic agreement between two nations, and don't overlook the fact that we Germans are aware of how much we owe to the United States in the past-in the historic past and the past of the last 30 or 35 years-how much we owe them today. And we look forward to be in a good connection with the United States also in the future. Thank you very much. Beg your pardon, Jimmy, for having talked so long. THE PRESIDENT. Fine. Thank you very much. I'll just add a brief word. Our Nation is honored and I am honored personally to have Chancellor Helmut Schmidt here. There has been no more gratifying experience in my own term as President than has been the close personal relationship that he and I have enjoyed, the closeness of our two governments, and the close relationship and mutual security arrangements that exist between the American people and the people of Germany. We have constantly benefited in this Nation from the experience and the advice and the support of Chancellor Schmidt. With 'his broad background in government and defense and finance and economics and in political interrelationships and international affairs, I've always turned to him in moments of common concern for advice and for consultation. He and I exchange messages frequently, without any fanfare or sense of urgency or crisis, talk to one another on the telephone frequently. And it's always a matter of reassurance to me, after I consult with him, that our common judgment is sound. We have been particularly involved together in recent months, after the American hostages were seized in Iran and since the Soviets have invaded Afghanistan. The Federal Republic of Germany has made its position clear both in the United Nations on several occasions, in these private consultations, and through their public actions. We understand that because of their geographical location, the vulnerability of Berlin, and the leadership role that the Federal Republic does play within the European Community, that there are sometimes different direct interests, but we have never failed to have adequate support in a matter of crisis or concern to our people. One of the most valuable assets that our own Nation has is this close relationship with our Atlantic Allies. Our security is directly involved in the security of Europe. And the 300,000 American troops stationed there are stationed there not only to help defend Europe and its freedom but directly-not indirectly, but directly-to defend our own Nation's security and the freedom of the American people. 437 Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 We are deeply grateful for his presence, for the benefit of this meeting, and for the bright future that we know our people will enjoy together because of our mutual support and a mutual relationship, that has been expressed so well by Chancellor Schmidt. Thank you very much. THE CHANCELLOR. Thank you. NOTE: The Chancellor spoke at 4:28 p.m. on the South Grounds of the White House. Visit of Chancellor Schmidt of the Federal Republic of Germany Joint Press Statement. March 5, 1980 President Carter and the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Helmut Schmidt, held a lengthy conversation in Washington, March 5, during the Chancellor's official visit to Washington, March 4-6. The Chancellor, who last met with the President in June 1979, was in Washington at the President's invitation. He was accompanied by Mrs. Schmidt. His party also included the Federal Minister of Finance, Hans Matthoefer; the State Secretary in the Federal Chancellery, Dr. Manfred Schueler; the State Secretary and Chief of the Press and Information Office, Klaus Boelling; the State Secretary of the Federal Foreign Office, Guenther van Well; the Chief of the Federal Armed Forces Staff, General Juergen Brandt; as well as the following representatives of German business and labor: The Chairman of the German Trade Union Federation, Heinz Oskar Vetter; the Chairman of the Federation of German Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Otto Wolff von Amerongen; the Chairman of the German Federation of Industry, Professor Dr. Rolf Roden stock; the Chairman of the Civil Servants and Transportation Workers Union, Heinz Kluncker; and Mr. Philipp Rosenthal, Member of Parliament and Chairman of Rosenthal China. During his visit, the Federal Chancellor also met with, among others, Secretary of State Vance; Secretary of the Treasury Miller; Secretary of Defense Brown; Secretary of Labor Marshall; Secretary of Energy Duncan; Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Dr. Brzezinski; Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board Volcker; and the President of AFL-CIO Lane Kirkland. The Chancellor's program also includes a meeting with Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Frank Church, and other distinguished Members of Congress. The conversation between the President and the Chancellor covered a wide range of political, security and economic issues of mutual interest for the two countries. Their meeting followed an intensive period of high-level consultations between the two governments, including visits to Washington and Bonn by the respective Foreign Ministers and several exchanges between the President and the Chancellor. The President and the Chancellor agreed on the necessity of continuing these close consultations in order to assure full coordination of the policies followed by the two countries on major international issues. They also agreed that intensified bilateral and multilateral consultations between all of the Western Allies were essential, particularly in lightvof the current international situation. The Chancellor expressed his highest respect and admiration for the President's exceptional statesmanship in the crisis caused by the illegal and abhorrent holding of the hostages in Tehran and 438 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 for the courage and patience shown by the American people. In their review of the international situation, the President and the Chancellor agreed that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan had created a serious threat to international peace and security. They confirmed their determination, together with their Allies, to take the measures necessary in the circumstances to guarantee their security and defend international stability as also stated in the Joint FrancoGerman Declaration of February 5, 1980. They reiterated their governments' condemnation of the Soviet invasion and called upon the Soviet Union immediately to withdraw its forces from Afghanistan. They noted with satisfaction that their assessments of the implications of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were quite close and they agreed upon the measures which each country should take in response to the Soviet action, including the need for urgent assistance to Turkey and Pakistan. The President noted with satisfaction the decision of the Federal government to coordinate Western assistance to Turkey in 1980. The President and the Chancellor expressed the determination of their governments to make major contributions to the common effort of assisting Turkey and Pakistan. In this connection, the Chancellor proposed a debt rescheduling for Pakistan. The President and the Chancellor agreed that the independence of the countries of the Third World is an essential element of world peace and stability. They underlined the necessity not only to recognize the independence and self-reliance of the Third World countries, but also to assist those countries economically and politically on the basis of equal partnership. The President and the Chancellor discussed the importance of increased efforts to strengthen NATO defenses. They reaffirmed their strong support for the NATO Long-Term Defense Program and for the NATO aim of three percent annual real growth in defense spending. The President noted the strong efforts of the Federal Republic in the defense field in recent years and welcomed the Chancellor's statement that the Federal Republic would achieve three percent real growth in its 1980 defense budget as it has in the past. The President reviewed U.S. defense programs which have been made much more urgent in the light of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Chancellor agreed that it was essential for America's Allies to share equitably in collective defense efforts to meet the needs of the common defense. The President and the Chancellor agreed that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has also had a seriously detrimental effect on the economic relations of the West with the USSR. They agreed on the importance of taking, in coordination with their Allies, the necessary measures. They also agreed that in shaping economic relations with the Soviet Union care must be taken not to strengthen the USSR's armament efforts and military potential. The President expressed his support for the proposal announced February 19 by the Foreign Ministers of the European Community aimed at reestablishing a neutral, nonaligned and independent Afghanistan, on the basis of total and prompt withdrawal of Soviet troops. The President and the Chancellor agreed that participation in the Olympic Games would be inappropriate as long as Soviet occupation in Afghanistan continues. The President stated that the United States would not participate in the Olympic Games in Moscow. The Chancellor emphasized that it is up to the 439 - — I ----P- Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Soviet Union to create the conditions that athletes from all countries will be able to participate in the Olympic Games, and that at present such conditions do not exist. The President and the Chancellor reiterated their countries' commitment to the reduction of tension throughout the world. They agreed that in the current period of heightened tensions it is desirable to maintain the framework of EastWest relations that has been built over two decades. The President and the Chancellor stressed their continuing support for the arms control negotiations. The Chancellor welcomed the President's recent statement that he planned to seek ratification of the SALT II Treaty by 'the United States Senate as soon as this was practicable. The President and the Chancellor agreed that the NATO Allies should continue to press ahead with their December 20, 1979, initiative in the MBFR talks in Vienna, their Long-Range Theater Nuclear Force (LRTNF) deployment decision of last December 12 as well as their offer for negotiations in the framework of SALT III aiming at limitations on U.S. and Soviet LRTNF on the basis of equality. They expressed regret that the Soviet Union had responded negatively to the United States' proposal, based on the December 12 decision within the Alliance, on arms control negotiations involving Long-Range Theater Nuclear Forces. They reaffirmed the determination of the Alliance to keep this offer on the table. They expressed their concern that the continuing Soviet LRTNF arms buildup increases the existing imbalance. The President and the Chancellor agreed that at the upcoming follow-up meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe which will take place in Madrid this fall, the Allies should conduct a thorough review of the implementation of all aspects of the Helsinki Final Act and consider proposals aimed at furthering the objectives of the Final Act. In this respect, they reaffirmed the position taken by the Foreign Ministers of the Alliance on December 14, 1979. Having in mind the need to achieve a comprehensive peace settlement in the Middle East, the President and the Chancellor discussed the latest developments in that region, in particular the autonomy negotiations currently underway between Egypt and Israel within the Camp David framework. They agreed on the urgent need for progress in these negotiations. The President and the Chancellor reviewed the current international economic situation, with particular emphasis on the energy problem and financial questions arising from the recent sharp increases in oil prices. They agreed that the program adopted by the Seven-Nation Economic Summit in Tokyo last June remained valid and that its objectives should be pursued. They stressed the need for further urgent efforts aimed at expanding alternate sources of energy, in particular coal, nuclear, renewable resources as well as coal gasification and liquefaction, and reducing energy consumption by all means possible. They pledged to cooperate with other nations in taking new medium and long-term actions to these ends in the International Energy Agency and at the Venice Economic Summit. They expressed particular concern over the worsening economic conditions of the developing countries resulting in large measure from the continued increase in energy prices and expressed the readiness of their governments, together with other 440 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 M ar. 5 countries, including the OPEC countries, to seek ways to help oil-importing developing countries produce more energy. They agreed that in the present circumstances healthy growth by these countries is essential to a prosperous world economy, and that both the OPEC countries and the industrial countries should help. The two Heads of Government exchanged views about the actions they are taking to overcome inflation and achieve sound and sustained growth. The President described the Administration's program of fiscal restraint, efforts to reduce energy consumption and to increase energy supplies, and steps to curtail present rates of inflation. The Chancellor expressed confidence in the prospects of success of these actions and described the current stance of monetary and fiscal development and energy policy in the Federal Republic of Germany. The President and the Chancellor stressed the importance of resisting protectionist measures that would impede trade, retard growth and add to inflation. The two Heads of Government agreed that the key to success in the economic field is to be found in holding to present economic policies over a sustained period. They shared the view that if these policies are continued and strengthened, the main industrial countries can restore non-inflationary growth from which all will benefit. The President and the Chancellor saw in this visit further proof of their fundamental commitment to the North Atlantic Alliance and of the close friendship and partnership between their countries. They were agreed that it is not only the common security interests that link the two countries together but also their common principles and values, their democratic way of life and their belief in the inalienable rights of man. Visit of Chancellor Schmidt of the Federal Republic of Germany Toasts at the State Dinner. March 5, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. When I tapped on my glass, nobody got quiet, but when[laughter]-when Chancellor Schmidt tapped on his glass, instantly-absolute silence. It's a distinct honor and a pleasure for us to have all of you here in the White House and particularly to have our guests from Germany here from the Federal Republic, both Chancellor Schmidt and his wife, his distinguished associates in the Government, and a group of both businesss and labor leaders from the Federal Republic, who have honored us with their presence. I think, as all of you know, we in the Western World, perhaps in the entire world, face very difficult challenges-financial, economic, social, military, political challenges. And it's a great assurance, and a feeling of stability and thanksgiving comes over a President when he has a guest and a friend like Chancellor Helmut Schmidt. This is a time of difficulty for us all. It's a time of potential crisis. It's a time when we need the closest possible allies and friends. It's a time when it's both reassuring and helpful to have someone on whom we can depend who is experienced and enlightened and strong and courageous, and I think this litany of descriptive words accurately fits our guest tonight, Chancellor Helmut Schmidt. I have not known him except for the last 5 or 6 years. I met him first when I was a Governor, in a brief trade visit to the Federal Republic. He was the Finance Minister of his country at that time. Since then, we've both been promoted to some 441 Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 degree. [Laughter] But I came there at a time when we were searching for additional investments in our own State. It was the time of Watergate. And when I went into Helmut's office, he said, "If you'll spend 30 minutes explaining Watergate to me, I'll spend 30 minutes helping you with your economic mission." [Laughter] So, we became early friends then. He was a very good host for me. And since then, we've learned to respect him and to know him as a great world leader. In the early seventies or even before, I think Chancellor Schmidt was one of the first men in a position of top leadership to recognize the crucial need for a correlation between economic strength and analysis on the one hand and military strength and commitment on the other, and how those two might be welded for the Atlantic Alliance. When I first began to meet with him after I became President, we were in London, the first year of my own term in office. And Helmut Schmidt was the one that put forward, in the most clear and concise and understandable terms, the need for all of us leaders of the Western democracies to address the very complicated issue of energy and how the future portended, for us all, a time of challenge and a time of difficulty, but a time when our enlightened communication with one another might help to alleviate the concerns that we all felt so deeply. His economic analysis of it, his knowledge of the background of the energy shortage development, his relationship with the OPEC countries was of great benefit to us then. Later, of course, I think Helmut was the first one to recognize the growing threat to Western Europe and to the NATO alliance of the unpublicized buildup of Soviet theater nuclear weapons. And he presented the case very clearly to the rest of us, and we began to study this issue more thoroughly. And eventually he exerted again his strong leadership in Western Europe to encourage our allies to work with us in committing ourselves jointly to meet this threat in a carefully planned, moderate, but effective way, not to cause an escalation in tension or an escalation in division among us, but to cause us to address the question in the most effective possible fashion. We recognize that there are serious threats to stability and that we have come, in this last few years, to value highly the benefits of detente and to recognize clearly that in spite of all of our other possible diversion of issues that are important, the control of weaponry and the control of nuclear weaponry must be at the top of our agenda. These commitments have been shaken, but not changed, by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. We are still committed to detente. We are still committed to avoid a resumption of the cold war. We are still committed to the control of nuclear and conventional weapons. We are still committed to cooperation among nations on Earth. We are still committed to stability and to peace. And we are still committed to making sure that every action we take to alleviate crises is a peaceful action and is a constructive action that will help to achieve our goals without violating these deep commitments and principles on which our Nation's policies have been founded. I might say that our country has been both deeply concerned and aroused by the capture of the American hostages and the holding of them as prisoners. At this very moment, this gross illegality is being perpetrated against innocent Americans. I never forget them for one instant of my waking moments. And I know American people have appreciated deeply the strong 442 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 M ar. 5 and consistent support and the beneficial influence that has been exerted by the Federal Republic of Germany under the leadership of Helmut Schmidt. Our alliance is firm, and the solidarity of it is vital. And it's also extremely important to let the public know that there is no division among us, that we do stand together to face challenges, crises, and opportunities for the future. We had a long discussion this afternoon about these matters and many others. We took a long time to discuss them; we were not in a hurry. Both of us set aside the afternoon for this purpose. And it was extremely helpful to me, as President of our country, to have the advice and the counsel of our visitor, Helmut Schmidt. We have to recognize that our policy toward those who might threaten peace must be clear, it must be consistent, it must be comprehensible; there must not be any room for miscalculation. And that's the effort that we have mounted. We also recognize that alliances, to be strong, must be voluntary. They cannot be formed through coercion. They must be based on mutual ideals, mutual concepts, and mutual goals. They must be mutually beneficial on a continuing basis. And we also recognize that strong societies have to be dependent upon the freedom of those who comprise them. This evening I'm very grateful that Helmut Schmidt and I lead two great nations who comprise alliances of many kinds, based on voluntary association, based upon shared ideals, shared concepts, shared goals, and shared commitments. And I would like to ask you to join me in a toast to Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and his lovely wife, to the people whom they represent in the Federal Republic of Germany, bound to us through alliances, through friendship, and through a common dedication to peace and to freedom. THE CHANCELLOR. Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen: I would like to, in the first instance, thank you, Mr. President, for your kind and friendly and even flattering words in the beginning. I would also like to thank you, on behalf of my wife and members of my delegation, for having invited us. I would like to thank you and your Cabinet officers and others whose advice we had, starting yesterday night and all over today, and will have tomorrow on several issues, in several fields-the economy, financial problems, monetary problems, energy problems, foreign policy and international affairs, our common defenses. And, which matters most, I would like to thank you personally for the continuation of the very frank and open way in which we have come to talk and listen to each other over the couple of years you have been mentioning a minute ago. I'm not so sure how often I have been visiting the United States in the last 30 years, but it might be the 40th or the 45th visit now, which puts the American President at the advantage to ask for me to talk in your own language. But I still have a little difficulty as you've just noticed. President Jimmy Carter has not said one single word or not said one single sentence to which I could not subscribe a hundred percent. And so, it would be easy for me just to state this truth that I can subscribe, not only as an individual but speaking for my government, speaking for my nation, that I am in a position to subscribe to it a hundred percent and then sit down again. But I guess that some of you would like to hear me express a few of the thoughts which come to my mind in listening to your President. [Applause] 443 ar J Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jimmy, let me say this: I regard this clapping your hands as an unfriendly provocation. [Laughter] I will try to respond to that kind of provocation. I think the President is right in stating that we are living in an uneasy period of the development of this world. At least we feel it to be the same situation as you expressed it 5 minutes ago. We feel especially irritated, frustrated, we share your bitter feelings as regards the capturing of your hostages in Tehran. And we know very well what you are talking of, what we are talking of, in expressing our solidarity, because we have had some experiences of the same kind, not lasting 120 days, lasting a little shorter in our case, or cases-we had several such cases. But we very well understand, and we are feeling as you do. And I have told my public and my Parliament: "Imagine," I said to our countrymen, "Imagine what feelings would be our feelings now if these were Germans and not Americans. And try to imagine how impatient we would be in the meantime and how many temptations would have occurred in the meantime for us to act harshly, intervene by means that one could think of." And I always have, after having expressed this many, many times over the last 3 months, since the 4th of November-I always have added my great admiration for the statesmanship, for the prudence, admiration for the patience which you showed in dealing with that situation. We deeply share your hope that you will be able to liberate these people, uninjured, and give them back to their families, to their wives. But it's not the only danger we are experiencing right now. There are other dangers as well. The President and I have been talking quite a bit, and also the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense and also the Security Adviser to the President. And we have been talking about the problems of how-we in the West-do we shield ourselves against the dangers which are clear and present in the case of Afghanistan, in the case of theoretically thinkable repetitions of what has happened there, and what are the goals which we have to strive for in such a situation, what are the means that are in our hands, that are at our disposition, what are the ways by which we could effectively apply those means. To speak frankly, if I read the European press or if I read the American press, one gets the impression of a great amount of irritation between Europe and the United States or between the United States and Europe regarding these subjects of our consultations. But to tell you the truth, ladies and gentlemen, I don't have, as a person, I don't feel these irritations. There are some false stories in the world. And I take this opportunity to have a chance to talk to American citizens in order to ask a favor of you: namely, to tell your countrymen that not only my nation, the Germans for whom I am legitimated to speak, but also other European nations, other Europeans, know very well where they stand-namely, side to side with the American Nation-know very well that they cannot preserve their peace and their liberty without the Americans, that we are dependent on each other. And to quote a phrase from a very close friend of mine-not a German, but a Frenchman-"When all the chips are down, there's no doubt about our depending on you." And to some degree we feel certain that, also, in such a situation you will need us Europeans. We have been preparing for helping each other to preserve our freedom, to preserve our peace, for more than a quarter of a century now. And our longstand 444 I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 ing alliance so far has been very, very effective, which has been overshadowed from time to time by the stories which are being printed in newspapers or by the stories which are being broadcasted by other media. We've been very, very effective. There have been two World Wars in this century. Both of them were generated in central Europe, I hate to admit, both of them-the first one to quite a considerable degree, the second one totally generated in Germany. And we feel sure that there must not and that there will not be a third catastrophe in our lifetime, the span of our lifetime. But having mentioned the two great wars, it comes to my mind that I had the intention, after having talked about the solidarity between us Europeans and you Americans, between us Germans and you Americans-that I had the intention after that to also mention the specific situation in which my nation finds itself. It's sometimes been overlooked that the Federal Republic of Germany, which is a sovereign state, a state with a solid democracy, a solid economy, a solid political setup, a solid relationship between labor and entrepreneurs, rather agreeable economic performance-it sometimes has been overlooked that this is only a part of a nation and that there are 16 million Germans living outside our borders, living in a Communist state, a puppet state, under the immediate presence of I don't know how many hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers, ground forces as well as air force, and that it has taken us an enormous diplomatic, psychological effort to establish at least some ways and means and channels of communication with our countrymen, with our 16 million countrymen in the Communist orbit. And they are the ones who would suffer in the first instance if we get back to the cold war. As the President said, this must be avoided. I fully share his view. These Germans would be the first ones, and the Berliners may be the second ones. And the Germans who still live in the Soviet Union proper would suffer as much as the Jews who are living in the Soviet Union and want to get permission to leave the Soviet Union-to get to Israel, for instance. They will be the ones who will suffer in a case of a cold war type confrontation. Now, it is not only our choice to avoid that. The West is not the only partner in the global game. You have the Russians; you have a superpower there which is behaving in a way that implies threats to all our liberties, to all our freedom. We have to respond to that. Now we have the will to respond to it. I would underline anything the President has said about our will to avoid falling back into a cold war, about our will to control armaments in a war, to hold them under control, to limit it mutually. And I would like to add, just as a footnote, one could also transcribe our joint will as a will to maintain an equilibrium of power vis-a-vis the Soviet Union. And we will not-neither will you nor will we nor will your other European alliesallow a situation in which, in the end, the Soviet Union could overwhelm their European neighbors or other nations in the world. I would, just as a footnote, stress this necessity of a balance of military power in Europe and in the world as a prerequisite for detente. I am fully aware that the President and I share this view, but sometimes I have the impression that some American people, some writers or speakers in this country, seem to believe that we are only pursuing detente without seeing to the maintenance of the balance of power. This would be a false interpretation. 445 Mar. 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 We are contributing quite a bit-we Germans are contributing quite a bit to this balance of military power in Europe. I'm rather proud of our contribution. And you can rest assured that we are going not only to maintain that but to modernize it and to add to it if necessary, as equilibrium or balance of power is nothing which you can create on Monday and rest assured for the rest of the week; you have to evaluatt the situation again on Tuesday and Wednesday and Thursday, Friday and Saturday and even on Sunday and have to reanalyze it next week and the week after next. And sometimes you will see that you have to mend your fences here or there. And all the time, you have to try to bring about equilibrium by mutual limitation of military force, mutual limitation on the control of the arms race, applied to the East as well as to the West. I beg your pardon for having been a7 little bit too long in dwelling on this point. I have also another point in mind which I would like to present to you or share my thoughts with you. That is, after having talked about the basic attitude in which my people look upon their great ally and friend, the American Nation, I would like you to know that this has had already, so far, much greater an impact on our society, on the spirit in our society, even on our constitution than quite a few Americans understand and than quite a few Germans do understand. For instance, we take pride in the fact that the Federal Republic of Germany, by any historic yardstick, now is the most stable democracy Germany ever has produced. They haven't produced so many democracies so far-only two of them. The first one failed after 12 or 13 years. And there were quite a few people in the world, including quite a few Germans, that did not believe that our people would be able, after the devastation of the Second World War-not only devastation in the physical sense of the word but even more so in the moral sense of the word-that we should have been able to bring about such political stability. But we did so with the help of our friends abroad, with the help of the French, the British, especially with the help of the Americans. I would like to bring to your awareness, for instance, the constitution which we adopted 31 years ago. To a considerable part, especially as regards that part which is totally new to the history of constitutions in my country, namely, the basic rights for the individual, this stems-if you tried to trace the historical origins, this goes back to the American Revolution, it goes back to Philadelphia, it goes back to the spiritual development in this country more than 200 years ago. And it has produced a basic change of thinking about the role of the state versus the individual in my nation —a very sound and healthy change of thinking about the role of state or society, about the role of the individual. I guess that historians, sometime to come in the future, will explore this or might detect for the first time what I'm trying to explain to you. There is a much greater heritage in Germany-we inherited much more from the United States, from the American people, than we are aware of and possibly than you are aware of. I'm not talking, which I also could, about all the amount of help we have been given by your Nation in the last 35 years. Let me talk a little bit about the future, in making a third point in a little pre 446 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 5 dinner speech. I think, by the way, it's a good habit to have the speeches before the dinner, because those who have to speak always sit here, eat their meat, in anxiety about the fact that they have to pay for it afterwards. Now you make us pay before the dinner, and that's a better method. But you still have to listen to a third point which I would like to make, a point about the future. Please be assured that I cannot foresee, that my people, my nation cannot foresee a future for the democratic liberal type of society which you represent, which we represent, which others in Europe represent, which others in North America and other parts of the world do represent-I cannot foresee a future for that if not in a rather great amount of cooperation between those liberal democracies which we do represent. There ought to be a great amount of cooperation. On the other hand, I do foresee a peaceful and successful future for the democracies in the world, because I'm quite sure that we'll be able to cooperate, that we don't only have the will but we do also have the capacity to cooperate. In so doing, we'll not always be in the position to do the same thing at the same time and to use the same language at the same time. You will use English, for instance; I will use German. And already this makes a difference, I can tell you, if I ask the people who had to write down the press release today, after noon. Some words sound different in English than they do sound in German, for instance. We will not only use different languages, we will have, also, to fulfill different roles from time to time. That's even true of today. We fulfill some roles which are difficult for you, for instance. We did so over the last couple of years as regards aid and military aid included for Turkey. There are other examples in which you have to fulfill roles which we cannot dream of fulfilling by ourselves. It's natural that there is a certain amount of division of labor between people who cooperate. The same is true in a firm. The same is true in a lawyers firm. The same is true on the board of directors of an automobile firm. The same is true in the firm of the North Atlantic Alliance and in its cooperative group of Western nations. The division of labor is not an invention of our day. If my memory is correct, it was at least invented earlier on by Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and they had their theories on it. And these theories do not only apply to economics, they also apply to politics. One must not misinterpret a division of labor as being a division of mind or a division of purpose. Several people working on the board of directors of one firm have a division of labor, but they have a common sense of purpose. I am deeply convinced that we'll be successful, that the Western liberal democracies will be successful, because they do have a common sense of purpose, and they will always be able to, in common, define their goals for the foreseeable future. Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen, that you have listened so long. I would like to propose a toast to the President of the United States, Jimmy Carter, to his charming wife. I would also like to propose a toast to the wellbeing of the American nation. Especially I would like to include the 50 hostages in Tehran. I would also like to drink to the lasting cooperation and friendship between our two nations. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:15 p.m. in the State Dining Room at the White House. 447 -.I --- —-cs- , Mar. 6 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Oil and Natural Gas Use in Electric Utility Industry Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate Transmitting Proposed Legislation. March 6,1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President.) I am transmitting herewith proposed specifications for legislation to reduce the use of oil and gas in the electric utility sector by one million barrels per day by 1990. This proposal would meet that target by establishing a two-phase program designed to displace 750,000 barrels of oil per day and the natural gas equivalent of 250,000 barrels of oil per day by 1990, through provision of federal financial assistance and streamlining certain regulatory requirements. Funding for this program will come from revenues raised by the Windfall Profits Tax. The electric utility industry, which now consumes about three million barrels per day of oil and natural gas equivalent, is a prime target for an accelerated national effort at reducing our dependence on imported fuel. No other sector of the economy can achieve as great a near-term savings of oil and gas, particularly through conversion of existing facilities to coal, and expanded energy conservation measures. Congress has recognized the desirability of efforts to shift oil and gas-fired utilities to coal and other alternate fuels. Beginning in 1974 and most recently in 1978, Congress enacted regulatory programs designed to facilitate this shift; however, the results have not been satisfactory. Regulatory and financial impediments prevented achievement of the necessary acceleration of oil and gas replacementaction which would otherwise be justified to reduce cost to utilities and ratepayers. Unless a Federal program is developed to overcome these financial and institutional barriers, oil and gas consumption will not be substantially reduced and could actually increase in the near-term in the electric utility sector. The program I am proposing today consists of two parts. Phase I is designed to accomplish a greater number of powerplant conversions in an earlier time frame than could be accomplished under current law. Conversions of powerplants covered by Phase I of this proposal would save as much as 400,000 barrels of oil per day by 1985. Specifically, a number of powerplants currently using oil that are capable of converting to coal or other alternate fuels would be prohibited by statute from continued use of oil. $3.6 billion would be available for grants to be awarded by the Secretary of Energy to pay for a portion of the capital costs associated with converting designated facilities to coal or an alternate fuel. Consumers would benefit both from lower capital requirements for utilities and from reduced fuel costs after conversions. While exemptions from conversions would be available as they are under the current law, the process for their consideration would be substantially accelerated. The bulk of the powerplants affected by Phase I are located in New England and the Middle Atlantic States. One major issue has not been resolvedthe problem of increased air pollution loadings and increases in acid rain that will result from these coal conversions. We have recently come to understand that sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions from power plants travel great distances and are a principal cause of acid rain. Since environmental damage caused by acid rain is already serious, I am becoming increasingly concerned with the problem, particularly since many of the powerplants covered by Phase I are located in areas affected by acid rain. 448 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 7 In my message to Congress on the Environment in August 1979, I cited acid rain as one of the emerging environmental issues requiring national attention. The conversions covered by my proposal can be made consistent with Federal ambient air standards and all existing State Implementation Plans under the Clean Air Act. However, we cannot ignore the problems of acid rain. I call upon the Congress to address with me in this session this important new concern and hope the appropriate committees in Congress will commence hearings on this as soon as possible. In order to help offset emission increases from conversions and to increase the availability of coal resources, up to $400 million in Phase I grant funds would be reserved for use in programs to reduce emissions from existing powerplants where appropriate. This program would include loan guarantees for coal cleaning and preparation facilities and grants for advanced sulfur dioxide removal systems such as scrubbers and chemical cleaning of coal. Phase II is designed to achieve oil and gas displacement of approximately 600,000 barrels per day by 1990. Six billion dollars in grant funds would be available to assist utilities in identifying and implementing projects designed to reduce consumption of oil and gas. A principal purpose of Phase II is to encourage reliance on energy conservation as a means to reduce oil and gas usage. Utilities would submit fuel displacement plans, including displacement targets (based on a specified base period usage). Plans would include assessments of: (1) financial feasibility; (2) environmental impacts; and (3) cost effectiveness of practicable alternatives to oil and gas use. Oil and gas displacement could be achieved through a strategy which emphasizes a program of energy conservation, conversion to alternate fuels (including coal, nuclear, synthetic fuels), and renewable resources. Each utility would have access to a portion of the Federal grant funds. Funds would be awarded if the plans are determined to be cost-effective by state authorities, following public hearings, and the Secretary of Energy determines that the plan is likely to achieve the displacement target established by the utility. Funds under this phase are expected to be used primarily by utilities in the Southeast, Southwest, and California. This program will provide significant economic and national security benefits through accelerated oil and gas displacement effort. The Federal assistance I am proposing is a sound investment in the Nation's energy future. The earlier action is taken, the sooner the benefits to the Nation as a whole, and to consumers can be realized. For these reasons, I urge Congress to give prompt consideration to this legislative proposal. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. Department of the Air Force Nomination of Charles William Snodgrass To Be an Assistant Secretary. March 7, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Charles William Snodgrass, of Washington, D.C., to be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force. He would replace John Arnot Hewitt, resigned, and his area of responsibility would be financial management. Snodgrass has been staff assistant to the Defense Subcommittee of the U.S. House Appropriations Committee since 1974. 449 Mar. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 He was born August 7, 1940, in Marietta, Ohio. He received a B.A. from Marietta College and an M.A. in public administration from American University. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1958 to 1963. From 1965 to 1968, Snodgrass was a management intern at the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. From 1968 to 1971, he was a budget examiner at the Office of Management and Budget. From 1971 to 1974, he was a staff assistant to the Agriculture Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee. Cancer Control Month Proclamation 4731. March 7, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation One in four Americans now living will eventually develop cancer. While emphasis on early detection and treatment of cancer has saved thousands of lives, the ultimate answers lie in its prevention. Efforts to discover the cause of this disease and to create ways to thwart its development are advancing on several fronts. Many scientists maintain that our preventive efforts should be primarily environmental. They believe that many types of cancer will prove to be preventable through the identification and control of carcinogenic factors in our surroundings. At the same time, we must pursue other areas of research as well. The search for new diagnostic and treatment techniques must continue as relentlessly as in the past. In 1980, about 785,000 people will be diagnosed as hav ing cancer. More than 400,000 will die of the disease. The National Cancer Act, which became law in 1971, has fostered programs in all aspects of cancer research. Many programs have been created to ensure that newly found knowledge from the research sector is transferred into the daily practice of medicine. As a means of focusing continued attention on the problem of cancer, the Congress, by joint resolution of March 28, 1938 (52 Stat. 148), has requested the President to issue an annual proclamation setting aside the month of April as Cancer Control Month. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of April, 1980, as Cancer Control Month. I encourage the American people to meet the challenge of this critical health problem. I ask the medical and health professions, the communications industries, and all other interested citizens to unite in public reaffirmation of our Nation's abiding commitment to cancer control. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:21 a.m., March 10, 1980] United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. March 7,1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit to you the annual report for 1979 of the United States 450 Administration of Jimmy Carter 1980 Mar. 7 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Over the past few years SALT has tended to dominate our thinking about the arms control activities of the United States. It is one of many arms control endeavors which this report will describe. Last June in Vienna, I signed the SALT II Treaty with Soviet President Brezhnev and submitted it for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification. Since that time, SALT has been the subject of an intense national debate and of hearings by three committees of the Senate. In November, the Committee on Foreign Relations reported the Treaty favorably to the Senate. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, however, I asked that the Senate delay consideration of the SALT II Treaty on the floor so that the Congress and the executive branch can devote our primary attention to the legislative and other matters required to respond to this crisis. But I intend to ask the Senate to take up this treaty after these more urgent matters have been dealt with. As I said to you in my State of the Union address, "especially now in a time of great tension, observing the mutual constraints imposed by the terms of (such) treaties will be in the best interests of both countries and will help to preserve world peace." When the full Senate begins its debate on SALT II, I am convinced that those who are concerned about our national security will support the Treaty as a wise and prudent step. This Administration continues to believe that arms control can make genuine contributions to our national security. We remain deeply committed to the process of mutual and verifiable arms control, particularly to the effort to prevent the spread and further development of nuclear weapons. Those of you who have an opportunity to read and reflect upon the attached re port will find a compelling case for the importance of the work described-to us, our allies, and those who look to us for leadership in the world. We must diligently pursue negotiated, verifiable solutions to the many arms races upon which nations are now embarked. We must be prepared to work with others to bring peace and stability to the world. While we depend upon the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the Department of Defense and other agencies to be vigilant in their duties, none of us should forget the danger that confronts us all individually and collectively, and that threatens us as a sovereign nation and as a part of the world of nations. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 7, 1980. Digest White House of Other Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. March 3 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. The President met at the White House with: -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -labor leaders from New York. March 4 The President met at the White House with: -Representative Leo C. Zeferetti of New York; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; 451 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -Qais Abdul Munim Al Zawawi, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of Oman. March 5 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -the Democratic congressional leadership; -Mr. Moore; -Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. March 6 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President; -Representative Joseph L. Fisher of Virginia. In a ceremony in the Oval Office, the President received the first sheet of Easter Seals, which marked the start of the 1980 Easter Seal Campaign, from Jeanette Alvarado, 8, of San Antonio, Tex., the National Easter Seal Poster Child. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on energy and national security given for community and civic leaders in the East Room at the White House. The White House announced that the President has appointed Lane Kirkland, president of the AFL-CIO, as a member of the Board of Directors of the Federal Prison Industries, Inc. He replaces the late George Meany. March 7 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Donovan; -Mr. Moore; -mayors from the suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio; -Mary Bitterman, Associate Director for Broadcasting of the International Communication Agency; -Secretary of Education Shirley Hufstedler. The President transmitted to the Congress the annual report of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Council on the Arts for fiscal year 1978. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted March 5, 1980 JOSEPH C. WHEELER, of Virginia, to be Deputy Administrator of the Agency for International Development, vice Robert Harry Nooter, resigned. DAVID MARION CLINARD, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, vice John Newhouse, resigned. PETER N. TEIGE, of California, to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 1980, vice Karl E. Bakke, resigned. PETER N. TEIGE, of California, to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner for the term of 5 years expiring June 30, 1985 (reappointment). Submitted March 6, 1980 JULIAN NAVA, of California, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Mexico. 452 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted March 6-Continued CURTIS ALAN HESSLER, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, vice Daniel H. Brill, resigned. Submitted March 7, 1980 GARY BLAKELEY, of New Mexico, to be Federal Cochairman of the Four Corners Regional Commission, vice F. Kenneth Baskette, Jr., resigned. CHARLES WILLIAM SNODGRASS, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, vice John Arnot Hewitt, Jr., resigned. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released March 2, 1980 Text: telegram concerning wage and price standards, from Secretary of the Treasury G. William Miller and Advisor to the President on Inflation Alfred E. Kahn to the chief executive officers of Fortune 500 companies Released March 7, 1980 News conference: on the Producer Price Index for February-by Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers CHECKLIST-Continued Released March 7-Continued News conference: on the food price ceilings established by retail food stores-by Esther Peterson, Special Assistant to the President for Consumer Affairs ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved March 3, 1980 S. 214 --- —----------- Private Law 96-44 An act for the relief of Rocio Edmondson. Approved March 5, 1980 H.J. Res. 267 --- —----- Public Law 96-198 An act to provide for designation of Friday, March 7, 1980, as "Teacher Day, United States of America". H.R. 3757 --- —------- Public Law 96-199 An act to establish the Channel Islands National Park, and for other purposes. Approved March 6, 1980 S.J. Res. 109 --- —----- Public Law 96-200 An act to provide for the designation of October 3, 1980, as "American Enterprise Day". H.R. 948 --- —-------- Private Law 96-45 An act for the relief of Maria Corazon Samtoy. H.R. 3139 --- —------- Private Law 96-46 An act for the relief of Pedro Gauyan Nelson. H.R. 3873 --- —------ Private Law 96-47 An act for the relief of Jan Kutina. 453 Ii i 0 Week Ending Friday, March 14, 1980 United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Iran White House Statement on the Commission's Suspension of Activities. March 10, 1980 The commission of inquiry, after consulting with Secretary-General Waldheim and the authorities in Tehran, has decided that it should suspend its activities in Tehran for several days. The commission will return to New York to confer with the Secretary-General. We understand it is prepared to return to Tehran in accordance with its mandate and the instructions of the Secretary-General when the situation requires. Pan American Day and Pan American Week, 1980 Proclamation 4732. March 10, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation During the past years, the peoples of the Americas have asserted with renewed determination their ideals of peace with freedom, cooperation with mutual respect, and unity with individual dignity. The people of the United States of America reaffirm their belief in this spirit each year on Pan American Day. As the nations of the Americas enter the decade of the 1980's, their peoples con fidently seek a future of economic growth and social change that will surpass past achievements. This goal will be realized if the fruits of that growth are shared fairly and if tranquility among nations of the area is preserved. We look to the Organization of American States, whose anniversary we will observe on April 14, to continue to produce an environment of understanding, mutual respect, and dedication to the common goals that have inspired the true leaders of the hemisphere throughout its history. The stewardship of the Organization of American States in the past year has helped democracy reassert itself when threatened and has revitalized concern for human rights and needs. Thus, on this Pan American Day of 1980, the United States of America salutes the countries of the hemisphere, and reaffirms its solidarity to the ideals and principles that underlie their cooperative efforts. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim Monday, April 14, 1980, as Pan American Day and the week beginning April 13, 1980, as Pan American Week; and I call upon the Governors of the fifty States, the Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and appropriate officials of the other areas under the flag of the United States to issue similar proclamations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of 455 Mar. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:22 p.m., March 11, 1980] Veto of the Uniformed Services Health Professionals Special Pay Bill Message to the House of Representatives Returning H.R. 5235 Without Approval. March 11, 1980 To the House of Representatives: I am returning, without my approval, H.R. 5235, the Uniformed Services Health Professionals Special Pay Act of 1980. In recent years, the Department of Defense has experienced increasing difficulty in retaining its physicians, particularly those who have achieved board certification in specialty areas. In order to alleviate the military physician shortage, the Administration proposed the Armed Forces Physicians Pay Act in April of 1979. The principal focus of this proposal was to increase selectively the special and bonus pay necessary to attract and retain the required number of military physicians during what is expected to be a temporary period of shortage. Unfortunately, in considering the issue of special pay for military physicians, the Congress unnecessarily expanded the scope and costs of H.R. 5235 to such an extent that I find it unacceptable. Specifically, the bill contains a number of flaws in comparison to the Administration bill. -It makes bonus pay permanent, instead of temporary; -It covers medical doctors in other uniformed services, principally the Public Health Service, instead of just those in the Armed Forces; -It includes dentists, optometrists, and podiatrists, in addition to physicians; -It provides unduly generous bonuses; and -It makes permanent the special pay for veterinarians. Only in the Armed Forces are we experiencing a serious shortage of physicians. The Administration proposal was very carefully tailored to solve that problem while preserving the flexibility to reexamine physician pay in the future as conditions change. There is no justification for making bonus pay permanent and for expanding coverage to physicians outside the military and to other health professionals (dentists,. optometrists, podiatrists, and veterinarians). Moreover, such an expansion, when compared to the Administration proposal, would increase Federal spending by some $170 million for the years through 1985. If we are to check the strong inflationary pressures that now prevail throughout the Nation's economy, we must exercise genuine restraint in Federal spending. H.R. 5235 is a good example, in my judgment, of the type of unjustified Federal largess that we must stop if the Budget is to be balanced and inflation brought under control. While I am compelled to disapprove H.R. 5235, let me emphasize my commitment to alleviate the shortage of physicians in the Armed Forces. I urge the Congress to reconsider the Administration proposal as soon as possible. That proposal is designed to resolve the problem in a fiscally responsible manner. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 11, 1980. 456 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 1I1 Law Day, U.S.A., 1980 Proclamation 4733. March 11, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The United States of America-more than any other country-is founded upon law. The law is a human institution, reflecting the moods, customs and modes of conduct of our people. The law is our own creation. The law affects all of us from the cradle to the grave. It touches upon both the tangible and intangible aspects of our lives. The guardians of the law are our courts and those who serve them. Our free and self-governing republic owes much to the efforts of the judges and lawyers of our Nation. It is from this body that America has drawn many of its leaders and statesmen. This year will mark the 23rd annual observance of Law Day. May 1 has been set aside by joint resolution of the Congress to foster a deeper respect for the law "and understanding of its essential place in the life of every citizen of the United States." The theme selected in recognition of Law Day '80 is: "Law and LawyersWorking for You." Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, invite the American people to observe Thursday, May 1, 1980, as Law Day, U.S.A., and to reflect upon their individual and collective responsibilities for the effective administration of the law. I call upon the legal profession, the courts, educators, the media, clergymen, and all interested individuals and organizations to mark the 23rd annual nationwide observance of Law Day, U.S.A., with programs and events appropriate for the occasion. I direct the appropriate officials of the Government to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 8:45 a.m., March 12, 1980] Loyalty Day, 1980 Proclamation 4734. March 11, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Our Nation was founded to secure and protect the basic human rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for all our citizens. Today the United States is a leader in the world-wide struggle for basic human rights. In these times it is important that we never forget our historic commitment to freedom and justice for all people-because our first principles are the basis of our continuing loyalty to our Nation. America was not created to promote a single race or religion or ideology, but to build a safe and sure home for the deepest values of humankind. The symbols of our loyalty, such as the flag, are the outward signs of our faith in these ideals. 457 Mar. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 In order to encourage the people of the United States to reflect on our democratic heritage, the Congress, by a joint resolution approved July 18, 1958 (72 Stat. 369), has designated May 1 of every year as Loyalty Day, and has requested the President to issue a proclamation inviting the American people to acknowledge that day with appropriate observances. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, call upon all Americans to observe Thursday, May 1, 1980, as Loyalty Day. I also ask the appropriate officials of the Government and all citizens to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 8:46 a.m., March 12, 1980] Superior Court of the District of Columbia Nomination of William C. Gardner To Be an Associate Judge. March 11, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate William C. Gardner to the District of Columbia Superior Court. Gardner, 62, graduated from Howard University in 1948 and from Harvard Law School in 1951. Since 1951 Gardner has practiced law in Washington in the firm of Houston and Gardner. In 1979 he was named Lawyer of the Year by the Bar Association of the District of Columbia. White House Briefing on Administration Policies Remarks to a Group of Civic and Community Leaders From New York. March 11, 1980 I'm really delighted to have you here and hope that you've had a good day meeting some of my chief advisers and partners in the management of the Federal Government affairs. New York has a special place for me. You had one of the most delightful and well-considered and fruitful conventions in 1976 that I've ever known[laughter]-and you were very nice to me not only in the general election but since then. We've formed a good partnership. I think the attitude and the prospects for New York City and indeed the whole State 3, 4 years ago, compared to what it has been the last year or two, has shown a remarkable improvement. I'm very grateful that the partnership that has been formed-with State officials, with the congressional delegation, and with your city officials in New York City and otherwise. I thought I might outline, very briefly, four or five things-or maybe three or four things that are important to me at this point, kind of give you an update on what I'm working on this week, and then spend what time we have available after that answering your questions. And then, perhaps, at the end, if you would honor me by doing so, I'd like to stand and let each one of you come by and shake hands and have a photograph made individually. Then, if I don't do well in the future, you can throw it away. [Laughter] Yesterday, I spent most of my time-as I have frequently during this last 3 or 4 months-working on and assessing the situation in Iran. We had high hopes that the United Nations commission, which we helped to evolve, would be successful in 458 c Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 1I1 their trip to Iran-that they would be able to see all of the American hostages, account for them individually and determine their condition, and to achieve their release from the militants, and then to come back with some resolution of the crisis that has been so all-possessive of me in the last few weeks. We have 220 million Americans who are deeply concerned about 53 peoplenot famous people, but human beingsand we are not only concerned about their lives, but we are concerned about their freedom. I think it's a good characteristic of a great nation to show this deep concern. And, in my opinion, we have just as much a crisis today as we did on November 4, when the hostages were first seized. And I have refrained from business as usual and partisan campaign activities that would indicate that our Nation was out of a crisis stage and returning to business as usual. I can't give you any prospects for immediate success, but we are ever constantly aware of this deep concern and the need for me, as the President, to address it as best I can. We've been interested in preserving the principles and ideals of our country, protecting our interests, protecting the lives and seeking the freedom of our people, and in marshaling worldwide opinion on our side to strengthen our position now and in the future. A second foreign affairs matter which concerns me very deeply is the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. I know Dr. Brzezinski has talked to you earlier. But this is a major challenge to world stability, to world peace, and ultimately to our own security. This invasion of Afghanistan directly threatens one of the most vital and strategically important regions of the world. Every action that I have taken has been designed to preserve peace, and every action I have taken has been peaceful in nature. We obviously have a wide range of options-economic, political, military-but we've chosen to exercise only those economic and political options that would preserve the support of other naL tions on Earth, keep our Nation at peace, and not violate, again, our principles or our best interests. It is a delicate situation. We are resolved to stand firm, and I think we've made good progress, because 103 other nations in addition to us have condemned the Soviet invasion, called for the immediate withdrawal of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan. And, of course, the Moslem countries, many of whom have been dependent upon the Soviet Union or closely allied with the Soviet Union, have also joined in a much stronger condemnation of what the Soviets did. Another very important question for me is the Middle East peace. I consider this to be one of my most serious and difficult obligations as a President. There is no other single issue on which I have spent more time or more effort. On occasion, as you know, I have abandoned, to a major degree, my other duties to go into relative seclusion at Camp David for 13 days, and later to go to the Mideast, to visit in Israel and in Egypt, to hammer out the Camp David accords and to hammer out the Mideast peace treaty, that was signed less than a year ago. Crucial negotiations are ongoing now. Sol Linowitz heads up our own effort. We are equal partners with the Israelis and the Egyptians in trying to have a just and lasting peace based upon the addressing of difficult issues. And we had to address difficult issues at Camp David to make progress, and also in the peace negotiations for a treaty in order to make progress. 459 Mar. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Our American policy and the principles on which we have based that policy have not changed. First and foremost is the security of Israel, its integrity, a nation to be at peace with her neighbors, protected behind recognized and secure borders; secondly, Jerusalem to be undivided and with access by all to the holy places; third, the agreed basis for present and future negotiations to be United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338; fourth, to resolve the Palestinian problem "in all its aspects," to use the words that were adopted by Prime Minister Begin, President Sadat, and myself; fourth, to hammer out, through negotiations, a self-governing authority for the West Bank and Gaza area for a 5-year transition period, at the end of which time the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza would be determined through those negotiations; and, to use again the quotation from the Camp David accords, to "recognize the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people." This is our desire. This is the desire of the Israeli Government and, I think, the Israeli people. And it's certainly the desire of those who live in the Arab countries, particularly in Egypt. We do not favor an independent Palestinian state. We have consistently opposed this prospect, and we will not negotiate with nor recognize the PLO until they adopt U.N. 242 and recognize Israel's right to exist. Those principles, in brief outline form, guide us day by day, in the past, at the present time, and in the future. The policy of our country is shaped by me as President. My understanding with Prime Minister Begin, with President Sadat, is clear, and we will not deviate from it. If there is one viable prospect for peace, it depends upon the mutual trust that exists between myself, Begin, and Sadat, or perhaps our own successors, following a change in government. I might address quickly this settlements issue, because it is a very serious difference between myself and Prime Minister Begin. And we have discussed this for hours and hours-even weeks and weeks-in seclusion and sometimes in public. We consider that the establishment of new settlements in the West Bank area during a time of negotiations is a genuine obstacle to peace. It is a serious problem for the completion of these negotiations. Our policy has not been to demand the dismantling of existing settlements; our policy has been that this issue and the future status of the West Bank and Gaza should be determined through negotiations. The recent vote in the United Nations was a genuine mistake, a breakdown in communications. I'm sure that's been explained to you in the past. I'm responsible for the Government; Cy Vance is responsible for the State Department. He has addressed this issue frankly; I accept my part of the responsibility. It was a deviation from our policy, which is set by me, and we will be much more careful, I assure you, in the future. One thing I'd like to add: I need the support of the American people. The future negotiations in the Mideast, in Iran, addressing the Afghanistan question, are not going to be easy. And to the extent that I am observed and known among foreign leaders and among our own people as speaking accurately for the American people and having your support-to that extent, it makes it much easier for me to achieve those goals which I share with you. Domestically, energy is a constantly improving situation, but a very serious matter. The Congress has now been trying to hammer out a comprehensive energy policy for our country for 3 solid years. We have made good progress. I hope 460............. __ Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. I11 within the next few days or the next few weeks we will have completed that process. We have made some changes already, based on an increasing awareness of the problem, based on the results of legislation already passed. The first year I was in office, we imported 8.8 million barrels of oil per day from overseas. That has already been slashed more than a million barrels per day of imports. And we hope to make -more progress this year. Inflation is heavily impacted by the energy question. In the last 12 months, the price of international oil has increased 109 percent —in 12 months. And last month alone, the price of energy increased 7/2 percent in 1 month, which is a 90 -percent inflation rate for energy alone. The cutting down of an excessive dependence on foreign oil is a major goal for all of us. It can only be done in two ways-and this is the last thing I'll say before I answer your questions: One is to save energy-to cut out waste, to conserve-and secondly, to increase production of energy in our own country. That's the only two options. And all of our policy efforts have been designed to achieve those two goals. We do not have a dismal prospect in the future on energy. I understand that the total OPEC nations have about 6 percent of the world's energy resources. Our country alone has about 24 percent, and it's a broad-based energy reosurce: coal, oil, natural gas, geothermal, shale oilobviously, there are replenishable suppiles-growing crops, forests-derived indirectly or directly from the Sun. These are the kinds of things that we must assess: the strength of our country and the challenges that we've faced and how we can work in unity to achieve the goals that are important to us all. NOTE: The President spoke at 5:06 p.m. in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. Trucking Industry Deregulation Legislation Statement on Action by the Senate Commerce Committee. March 11, 1980 The Senate Commerce Committee took a strong step in the fight against inflation today by reporting out a first-rate trucking regulatory reform bill. The committee's legislation will save consumers billions of dollars by opening the trucking industry to competition and by eliminating excessive restrictions and redtape. It will also save hundreds of millions of gallons of fuel by cutting away outdated restrictions on routing and backhauling. I congratulate Chairman Howard Cannon, Senator Robert Packwood, and their colleagues on the committee for their bipartisan efforts on this bill. I urge the House and Senate to keep up the pace toward prompt passage of strong trucking reform legislation. State Democratic Party Primaries and Caucuses Statement by the White House Press Secretary. March 11, 1980 The President would like for me to express his deep appreciation to the voters of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama for their very strong vote of support. It now appears that from these three States the President will have received between 85 and 90 percent of the total delegates selected. And the four other States that are yet to be heard from tonight-Oklahoma, Washington, Hawaii, and Alaska-we expect to receive a generous majority of the delegates to be selected there. We're beginning to get some fragmentary returns from Oklahoma, and it appears that Oklahoma will be consistent with the 461 Mar. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 three previous States and the majority that they've given the President. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at 10:02 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Executive Schedule Executive Order 12199. March 12,1980 IEVELS IV AND V OF THE EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 5317 of Title 5 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered that Section 1-101 (e) of Executive Order No. 12154 of September 4, 1979 (placing certain positions in level IV of the Executive Schedule) is amended by deleting "Deputy Adviser for Labor-Management, Council on Wage and Price Stability" and substituting therefor "Executive Director, White House Conference on Aging, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.". JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 12, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:41 p.m., March 12, 1980] 15th Anniversary of Project Head Start Remarks at a White House Reception. March 12, 1980 Pat said there's no way I can prevent her finishing her speech.' [Laughter] 1 The President had entered the East Room as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Patricia Roberts Harris was speaking. I understand that you have so many important and significant people here that it took a long time to introduce you all, and I think that's typical of the character of the program that you are here to honor. I'm very grateful to see Lady Bird Johnson here, and Pat Harris, who's done such a good job as a Secretary, and Stu Eizenstat, who has helped to forge a good relationship since I've been in the White House between my administration and the Congress and the people throughout the Nation. I join with you today in confirming a great national commitment, one that has grown in vitality during the last 15 years. This is not always the case. When a wonderful idea is put into practice, it has to have an innate worth and the support of dedicated people to be truly successful. Head Start was a program with high Federal commitment, high objectives, high performance envisioned in it. At the beginning it was called, and I quote, "constructive, sensitive, and exciting," and today I think it's accurate to state that it's more constructive, sensitive, and exciting, even than those first early days back in 1965. It's also well named. Seven and a half million Americans have been given a head start over the life which they would have led, and their direct influence on others who've observed them and others who've learned from them, many now at the adult stage of life, has greatly magnified the influence of those 72 million. They got a head start in nutrition, in health, in education, in self-confidence, in self-respect, in the esteem of those who've known and loved them. And today we're here to honor the hundreds of thousands of Americans of all kinds who've made this program successful. I'd like to begin by saying just a few words about a man whose vision and 462 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 1 2 humanity made this program possible and originated the concept. When I made one of my most delightful speeches at the Democratic National Convention in 1976, I had these words to say: "Lyndon Johnson did more to advance the cause of human rights in our country than any President in this century." And I'm thankful that that great President, who lived in this house and who worked in this house, addressed "human rights" in its broadest sense-not just the right to be free of racial discrimination, not just the right in our Nation to have a chance to vote, not just to have a right to seek equality, but to have the right to live a better life. This makes it particularly important that Lady Bird was able to come here to be with us today, because she personifies too, as you know, the essence of what this great man did with those who worked around him. I never had a chance to meet Lyndon Johnson; maybe many of you in this room never had a chance to meet him. But I knew him through his work. I think his life was eloquent in the finest sense of that word. There was an eloquence in advancing social and economic justice; there was an eloquence of clear vision, of simple humanity, and how to translate vision and humanity into action. The success of Head Start, I thinkamong many other things, but especially Head Start-speaks volumes about what Lyndon Johnson thought about our country's future, because if there ever was a program that had an investment in the future, it was Head Start-future of a nation who had compassion for its people, the particular kind of people who had in the past been neglected or ignored. It was a bold program to translate a vision, again, into the realization of that dream. Lyndon Johnson knew that the cycle of poverty and deprivation starts very early in life, and it had to be attacked early in life. It's between the ages of 3 and 5, really, that a human being begins to understand the worth of his or her individual life and begins to shape a goal of what might be achieved, begins to compare oneself with others and sense opportunities or lack of them in future years. It's in that early stage, maybe even earlier than 3 years old, that dreams are either born and survive or die. Like so many of us here, I have seen the sometimes awful truth of Lyndon Johnson's analysis, in people who've lived around me in the Deep South, people who were deprived and whose lives were blighted by it. My first public job was on a local school board, and I saw among the children that I served, as a farmer, a young businessman, that deprivation which I did not know how to address. It was not only educational but it was emotional, and sometimes it was physical, as well. I saw that deprivation set children back in school before the first day they ever went there, and it held them back through grammar school, through high school, and through their entire lives. And I saw that it affected not just black children but white children, as well. In 1965, when the Head Start program was begun by President Johnson and the Congress, I was heading up an eightcounty planning and development commission. And as soon as I heard about Head Start, I began to work to implement it where I lived. It was not a popular thing, because it addressed some very sensitive social issues, as well as educational problems. [Laughter] And we finally identified 2,000, about 1,950 young children who qualified. And we finally forced, because of the influence that I had accumulated, 21 school classrooms to be allotted to the program. In Buena Vista, Georgia, black and white children in 1965 463 A, Mar. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 sat down in the same library and participated in the program. I guess it was the first integrated classroom in the State, and it was very difficult to get other county school boards to agree to let the program live. Because of that difficulty, I spent a lot of time moving among those 19 or 20 Head Start classrooms. I spent a lot of time sitting on the floor with the children who were participating and talking to them in the same language within which I had been raised. Many of those children had never seen a book, and they had never held a pencil. They had never tied a shoelace. Some didn't know their last name. They had never had a balanced diet for as long as a few days. At the time, they had never had their minds stretched or challenged, and their hearts could have been shriveled in the future had they been continued in a state of existing deprivation. The first time they saw what it could mean to be gratified in intense, young, human desires and to see dreams realized and to hear a voice of a teacher who knew how to teach and who genuinely loved them and to be provided with the practical things that make a day in a Head Start program so exciting and so successful-I think most important of all, they learned, many of them for the first time, that they were important to the world. I came home several times-and my wife would vouch for this-with tears in my eyes as I told her about my day's experience. I was a tough, young, struggling, conservative, south Georgia farmer, but this program touched my life. And since then I've seen literally thousands of not only children but teachers and parents and the community itself involved in a program that has indeed transformed the interrelationship among human beings. I would like to salute also today a per son who helped to carry that program forward, to go around the country to encourage communities to adopt it, and to identify Head Start centers, to inspire potential workers. The person that Lyndon Johnson called, and I quote, "the program's most ardent, most active, most enthusiastic supporter"-Lady Bird Johnson. And although he's not here today, I cannot pass up an opportunity to express my deep admiration and to pay tribute to the program's first administrator: a man who awoke our Nation's conscience to the need of disadvantaged people, who headed up the Peace Corps when it was an embryonic program whose future was in doubt; a man who is exuberant and who can bring excitement and dynamism and life and growth to any program which he addresses with a full commitment of his being-and that's Sargent Shriver. I wish he was here. Okay. Stu said he'd already mentioned that Sargent was ill today. I'm sure he'll be up and around soon. I think the best tribute that we can pay to not only these very famous people but hundreds of thousands who are not very famous is to back up and support the program which they helped to initiate it, which they kept alive. Head Start is a program that works; it's a program that makes poor children healthier; it's a program that improves future test scores in every sense of the word "test." It's a program that helps young people grow more mature in the finest sense of the word, makes them grow more self-confident, and lets them grow emotionally and intellectually throughout their lives. And it's a program that lets students make their parents better, as well, because one thing we often forget is how much education those 5-year-old children brought home to a parent who may not 464 -U 11171 I '1 ql Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 12 ever have been blessed with the chance to read a good book or to hear good music or to have a good solid diet or to feel their worth among other human beings. So, the children quite often, even 4 or 5 years old, became teachers themselves. I'm determined to keep Head Start working and growing stronger and more effective. Since we've been in office-Stu just gave me the figures-we have increased the allocation of funds 75 percent for Head Start. And I'm determined to keep this growth intact to protect this program, to nurture this program in the future. We face difficult times in controlling inflation, as you know. I can't tell you that the growth will continue at that rate, but the Head Start will be protected. And I will be asking the Congress to extend the Head Start program for 5 more years and to retain those features of the program that I have described to you, in a fumbling way, which has made it so successful. It's worked because in one place we have focused educational and physical and social and emotional correction for disadvantaged, young human beings whom we love. It's done that in a comprehensive way, and it's done that in a way that has gotten the community as well as the entire family involved. I believe we need to prepare ourselves for future challenges, future opportunities, changing lifestyles, perhaps refocusing on target groups to be receiving the benefits of this program in future years. But I think the flexibility of this program to accommodate changing times and changing demands has been one of its innate strengths. It has not been a dormant, frozen, static program. It's been a live program, which has had a good means of feeding back, from the recipient groups themselves and from those running the program on a daily basis, ideas to Wash ington that can make it better. And this is the kind of thing that we need to nurture in the future. In 1965 there was a panel of experts appointed by President Johnson to assess the need for the program and how it could best be conducted. I've asked Secretary Harris to meet with a similar group in the near future, at the end of these 15 years, to update the problems, the solutions to those problems, the difficult questions, the answers to those questions, potential obstacles in the future, ways to surmount those obstacles, and a means by which an excellent program can be made even stronger and better in the future. I'd like to leave you today with a little story that kind of illustrates what I've been trying to say the last 18 minutes. It kind of conveys a feeling that has gone into this program and made it so successful. Recently, within the last few years, a senior citizen began to visit a local Head Start program. This gentleman had a special interest in it, because he had been a former teacher himself. As part of his daily routine in retirement years, he would go to the local Head Start program and spend some time with the little children, and he would always carry a pocketful of jellybeans. And each day the children would look forward to seeing him come. They were tiny kids, and most of them didn't know who this gentleman was. And after awhile, they all called him Mr. Jellybean. Today, many of those Head Start children in Stonewall, Texas, have come to learn that that friendly, retired, ex-schoolteacher, Mr. Jellybean, was former President Lyndon Johnson, whose vision and whose compassion had made the Head Start program possible in the first place. Today, it's my great honor to salute not only former President Johnson, Lady 4&5 Mar. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Bird Johnson, and Sargent Shriver but all the fine people who've made Head Start so wonderful for the last 15 years and, with your support, which I'm sure we will have, who will carry on a great and wellnamed program, which has become, in my opinion, one of the beautiful things about the United States. NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 2:30 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. As printed above, this item does not include the remarks of Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Mrs. Johnson, and Secretary Harris, which are included in the press release. Administration of United States Territories Statement on Signing H.R. 3756 Into Law. March 12, 1980 I am pleased to sign H.R. 3756, a bill "to authorize appropriations for certain insular areas of the United States, and for other purposes." This omnibus territories bill contains numerous provisions which will facilitate the administration of the U.S. territories and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and promote their economic and social development. The bill also contains an important provision which confirms Puerto Rico's long-disputed ownership of submerged lands, including mineral rights, to a distance of 3 marine leagues (approximately 10 miles). In doing so it resolves a question of law which has been of understandable concern to Puerto Rico and could contribute to the future prosperity of the Commonwealth. It establishes no precedent for the jurisdiction of States or other territories over submerged lands. Although most of the bill's provisions accomplish worthwhile purposes, I have reservations about some: -The authorization to pay interest on judgments arising out of land claims in Guam is inconsistent with settled law and practice. I agree in concept that reasonable compensation ought to be paid to any landowners whose land was unfairly acquired on the island after the liberation of Guam in 1944. But precisely because of this, I strongly urge the Congress to replace this anomalous and unprecedented provision with a solution that rights any wrongs with a more equitable and workable compensation procedure. -The requirement that Congress specifically authorize the transport or storage of spent nuclear fuel in any U.S. territory or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands responds to a very real concern in the Pacific region. But the provision is an unnecessary impediment to the orderly conduct of this country's nuclear nonproliferation policies. Present law provides fully adequate assurances of congressional oversight of nuclear transportation and storage plans. Congress should reconsider this new requirement. -The provision regarding health care and environmental monitoring for the residents of the Northern Marshall Islands is drafted very broadly. However, it is my intention that the Secretary of the Interior implement the provision to focus the benefits on those Northern Marshalls residents directly affected by U.S. nuclear testing. -The ban on termination of Federal programs for the Trust Territory after the end of the trusteeship could impose a patronizing and debilitating straitjacket on the peoples and governments of these areas. The final determination on this issue should be made by the Congress 466 ----— ~ --- —-----— - Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 12 when it considers the Compact of Free Association for the Micronesian entities. -There are several other provisions in the bill which are poorly drafted or inconsistent with sound policies. We will work with the Congress to remedy all such defects. -Finally, with respect to a provision relating to cost incurred in collecting customs duties and other fees directly attributable to the importation of petroleum products into the Virgin Islands, it is my understanding that the Congress intends that the United States will continue to be reimbursed for costs attributable to such collections until January 1, 1982, to prevent an unanticipated windfall to a private corporation under an existing contract concerning petroleum imports. Despite these problems, the bill as a whole conforms with my administration's efforts to improve relations between the Federal Government and the U.S. territories and the Trust Territory as outlined in the comprehensive territorial policy I proposed to Congress February 14. In signing this measure, I again urge the Congress to support that policy framework as well as the corrective measures suggested for this bill. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3756 is Public Law 96-205, approved March 12. Federal Civilian and Military Pay Rates Executive Order 12200. March 12, 1980 RATES OF PAY AND ALLOWANCES By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, and in accord with Section 101 (c) of Public Law 96-86 approved October 12, 1979, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. In order to provide notice of the effect of appropriations limitations on the payable rates of salary and basic pay, additional footnotes are added to each of the pay schedules attached to Executive Order No. 12165 of October 9, 1979. 1-102. In order to preserve existing comparability in new Senior Executive Service positions for purposes of applying the recent appropriations limitations, comparable pay levels are designated in an additional footnote to Schedule 4 attached to Executive Order No. 12165. 1-103. Schedules 1 through 7 attached to Executive Order No. 12165 are amended by substituting therefor the revised Schedules 1 through 7 which are attached hereto and made a part hereof. These new schedules are identical to the original schedules except for the addition of asterisks and new footnotes which reflect new maximum limitations on payable rates of salary and basic pay. The scheduled rates of pay and allowances have not been altered. These new schedules therefore supersede the original schedules. 1-104. To make a technical correction, the statutory reference "89 Stat. 419, 28 U.S.C. 461" in the first clause of Section 1-103 of Executive Order No. 12165 is amended to read "Public Law 94-82, 89 Stat. 419". 1-105. (a) Section 1-103 of Executive Order No. 12165 is further amended by adding a new subsection (c) as follows: "(c) Judicial Salaries (28 U.S.C. 5, 44(d), 135, 173, 213, 252, 792(b) and 11 U.S.C. 68(a) and Sections 401(a), 404 (a), 404(b), and 404(d) of Public Law 95-598) at Schedule 8.". (b) Schedules 1 through 7 of Executive Order No. 12165 are further amended by adding thereto a new Schedule 8, set 467, ---.. -,i A. A- A Mar. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ting forth Judicial Salaries, which is attached hereto and made a part hereof. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 12, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:59 a.m., March 13, 1980] NOTE: The schedules are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of March 14, 1980. Federal Civilian and Military Pay Rates Message to the Congress. March 13, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the provisions of section 5305 of title 5 of the United States Code, I hereby report on the pay adjustment I ordered for the Federal statutory pay systems in October 1979 and March 1980. The Secretary of Labor, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, who serve jointly as my agent for Federal pay, found that an overall average increase of 10.41 percent in General Schedule rates of pay would be appropriate if comparability with private enterprise salary rates for the same levels of work were to be achieved. The Advisory Committee on Federal Pay recommended that the findings of my agent be implemented. After considering the findings of my agent and the recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Federal Pay, I determined that an overall average increase of 7.02 percent in General Schedule rates of pay was dictated by economic conditions affecting the general welfare and transmitted to the Congress the alternative plan to that effect called for by section 5305(c) of title 5 of the United States Code. On October 9, 1979 and March 12, 1980, I signed the necessary Executive orders to implement this increase. I am transmitting herewith copies of the reports of my Pay Agent and the Advisory Committee on Federal Pay, the alternative plan, and the Executive orders I promulgated to put this pay adjustment into effect. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 13, 1980. Federal Labor Relations Authority Nomination of Henry B. Frazier III To Be a Member. March 13, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Henry B. Frazier III for reappointment as a member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority for a 5 -year term. Frazier, 45, of Alexandria, Va., has been a member of this Authority since last year. He previously served as Executive Director of its predecessor agency, the Federal Labor Relations Council, for 6 years. Honoring Carl Vinson Proclamation 4735. March 13, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The nuclear powered aircraft carrier U.S.S. Carl Vinson (CVN 70) will be 468 b -~ - I I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 13 christened and launched at Newport News, Virginia on March 15, 1980. The namesake of this, the largest warship ever constructed, the Honorable Carl Vinson, served as a member of the House of Representatives from 1914 to 1965 during which time he served as the Chairman of the old House Naval Affairs Committee for 16 years and as the Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee for 14 years. Carl Vinson played a major role in developing a national defense posture second to none, believing always in a philosophy that "no man should ever place the defense of his nation below any other priority." Carl Vinson's record of over 50 years of continuous service in the House of Representatives remains unsurpassed, reflecting a lifelong commitment to the security and freedom of all Americans. He served his country with distinction, providing enlightened leadership, and demonstrating an incomparable ability as a legislator. On March 15, 1980 Carl Vinson will be present in Newport News, Virginia, as the first living American to be present at the launching of a United States Navy warship which bears his name. In recognition of this unique occasion, and in honor of this great American, the 96th Congress, by joint resolution (S.J. Res. 149), has authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation honoring Carl Vinson. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby extend best wishes to Carl Vinson on this historic occasion, and express deep appreciation on behalf of the United States to Carl Vinson and his unswerving devotion to his beloved nation. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:03 p.m., March 13, 1980] National Maritime Day, 1980 Proclamation 4736. March 13,1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Throughout the history of the United States, trade and shipping have made a vital contribution to the Nation's growth and economic vitality. Today, the American Merchant Marine continues to aid the development of American enterprise and to foster the well-being of all American citizens by linking U.S. industries, farms and markets with our overseas trading partners. In addition, our Merchant Marine has shown valor and dedication in providing logistic support to United States military forces in times of national emergency. In recognition of the importance of the American Merchant Marine, and in commemoration of the departure from Savannah, Georgia, on May 22, 1819, of the S.S. Savannah on the first transatlantic voyage by any steamship, the Congress of the United States, by joint resolution of May 20, 1933 (48 Stat. 73, 36 U.S.C. 145), designated May 22 of each year as National Maritime Day and requested the President to issue annually a proclamation calling for appropriate observances. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, 469 4 - Mar. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 do urge the people of the United States to honor our American Merchant Marine on May 22, 1980, by displaying the flag of the United States at their homes and other suitable places, and I call upon all ships under the American flag to dress ship on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:37 a.m., March 14, 1980] Meeting With Franz Josef Strauss of the Federal Republic of Germany White House Statement. March 13, 1980 The President met for 40 minutes this afternoon with Franz Josef Strauss, Minister President of Bavaria, in the Oval Office. Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, participated in the meeting. The President and the Minister President discussed a wide range of major international issues. The President stressed the constancy and firmness of U.S. policy and the importance of Allied solidarity in the wake of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, including the matter of nonparticipation in the 1980 Olympic games in Moscow. The Minister President emphasized his support for the President's policies on all of these issues of common concern. They agreed on the importance of detente, but agreed that if it is to have meaning and substance, detente must be mutual and reciprocal. Windfall Profits Tax Legislation Statement on House of Representatives Approval of the Legislation. March 13, 1980 I am very pleased that the House of Representatives today approved the conference report on the windfall profits tax by a substantial majority. I particularly want to thank the House leadership, Chairman Al Ullman, and the members of the House Ways and Means Committee for their hard work on this critical bill. The windfall profits tax, which I proposed as a companion to the decontrol of crude oil prices, is central to an equitable energy policy. It will provide significant new incentives to U.S. oil producers while preventing excessive, unearned income from decontrol and from precipitous rises in the world oil price. The revenues it will generate over the next decade are needed to provide for assistance to 1ow-income households, investments in mass transit, and the development of new sources of energy, including conservation. The bill provides sufficient funds and flexibility to meet these needs, along with those which may arise in the future. Our present economic problems are in large part due to the failure to take firm action in years gone by. I urge the Senate to complete its action on the windfall profits tax bill promptly. Once this last step is taken, our country will be well on its way to securing our energy future through investments in our own American resources, including conservation, coal, biomass, synthetic fuels, and solar energy. Development of these domestic energy sources is vital to our 470 — Nmwwo Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 national security and to our future economic health and well-being. President's Commission on Coal Remarks on Receiving the Commission's Reports. March 14,1980 GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I appear before you today in two capacities, as Chairman of your President's Commission on Coal and as Governor of the great coal State of West Virginia. As Chairman of the Coal Commission, I am proud to present you with this report, which holds our summary findings and our hopes for the coal industry of the United States. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER. This is a product of many years of work, Mr. President. Secretary Wirtz, Mr. Presley, Marvin Friedman, Jesse Core, Senators Randolph, Huddleston, and Percy, Congressmen Perkins, Murphy,' and Buchanan have all helped, as well as some of your own Cabinet Secretaries. It is, Mr. President, a most workable plan. It describes how we can produce more coal in this country and how we can do so in a way which is fair, which is equitable, and which is environmentally sound. It describes how we can improve health and safety in this country, and also how we can improve the living conditions for the American coal miner. As Governor of West Virginia, I tell you that the people of my State, coal operators, miners, all of us stand ready to help you in implementing this plan for the future. The steps that you have already taken in suggesting the legislation to Congress are critical and important steps in the right direction. With our great leadership in Congress, Senators Byrd and Randolph and our Congressmen from West Virginia and other States, we will help you get support for this plan. And when this plan is passed, Mr. President, we will lead the way in producing more coal. The people of my State are ready, are willing, and are able to produce coal. Mr. President, we thank you for your leadership. We thank you for your commitment to coal. And with this report and with our own commitment for the future, we offer you our support and our continued hard work to keep this great Nation of ours energy independent, strong, and free. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. First of all, I want to express my deep thanks for these two reports. I would like to take a few minutes to read them through, and then I'd like to respond. [Laughter] As a matter of fact, ever since I've been in office, ever since I've been living in this home, I have been deeply concerned about the same problems which you have come to discuss today. And I see a much brighter average countenance in this group than some of the occasions when I have met with this same group of leaders, who are so concerned about the present and future of the coal industry and about our Nation's energy security. I'm pleased to be with you today to recognize the importance of coal and in honoring those who have helped America to recognize the importance of coal for our present energy needs, and most especially for our energy security of the nation which we love. Coal is our most abundant energy resource. We have one third of the world's total coal reserves. I've long believed that our Nation must use more of this natural resource in our own national defense. 471 Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Two years ago I established the President's Coal Commission-I announced it in West Virginia-to make recommendations on the major issues involving coal. These issues are difficult, they are sensitive, they are multitudinous, they are closely interrelated. The Coal Commission report has been submitted to me, and I thank very much the Commission and its staff for the quality of their work, for their dedication, and for this report, which will be a guide to many other than those assembled here in the White House today. I'm especially proud of Governor Jay Rockefeller, Chairman of the Commission. The Commission's success and the proposals for increasing coal use and for a better life for those who work in the mines can be traced to his dynamic leadership and to his commitment to coal and to our country. I also want to thank the Members of the Congress assembled here, Senators from the coal States. I have met with every one of you, sometimes in very heated discussions, but they've always been productive for me and for you and for our country. And the Members of the House of Representatives have joined in a most constructive fashion, bringing a grassroots approach to the entire analysis and to the entire study, which has let your own constituents express their views through you and me. And it's provided a soundness of judgment that's been beneficial to us all. I won't list the individual Members of the House and Senate who are assembled here, but I also want to mention the many others who have worked tirelessly to promote coal utilization. I would say that the most important recommendation of the Rockefeller Commission was embodied in the utility oil and gas reduction proposal which I made to the Congress last Thursday. When the Congress enacts this legislation-and every one of you should become a team to ensure the enactment of that important law-we will be acting decisively to reduce the unwarranted use of oil and gas in the electric utility sector. This accelerated national effort at reducing our dependence on imported oil is essential. This year, we will send $90 billion of American money overseas to pay for oil which we are buying from foreign countries. We not only import extremely large quantities of oil, but along with it we import, as you well know, both inflation and unemployment. This change toward using Americanproduced energy is essential. And in the conversion of existing big boilers to coal and to other alternative fuels, we can provide America with its nearest term, most immediate, large-quantity reductions in oil and natural gas. The use of 3 million barrels of oil and natural gas per day in utility boilers now is a significant element in our Nation's dependence on that foreign oil which concerns us so much. My proposal to the Congress is designed to reduce this use of oil and natural gas equivalent by 1 million barrels per day by 1990. It will provide significant economic and national security benefits and represents a sound investment in our Nation's energy security. The proposal, as you know from your briefings which you will receive today, or have already received, consists of two parts. Phase I mandates the conversion of 107 coal-capable units at 50 different generating stations. $3.6 billion will be available in grants to pay for up to half the capital costs associated with the conversion of those plants from oil and gas on the one hand, to coal in the future. Phase II will provide a voluntary program that 472 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 utilities may use to achieve savings in their consumption of oil and natural gas. $6 billion in grants will be made available under this part of the program to assist those utilities in making those investments. The Commission report, which I've just received, but which I've seen and studied ahead of time, also recommends that a White House advisory council be established to advise the President on a continuing basis on coal policy matters, because if there's one element of American and worldwide society which is constantly changing, it's energy. And as changing circumstances present themselves to me and to our country, I need the constant advice of knowledgeable people who know about the reserve supplies, the best means of extracting those supplies for the market, the best means of utilizing this precious possession which God has given to our country. I intend to accept the recommendation and to have this commission or council work closely with me. In addition, the Commission recommended that the National Academy of Sciences be commissioned to study why some coal mines are safer than others. Coal mining safety is of paramount concern to me, and I'm today commissioning such a study to report to the Secretaries of Labor, Energy, and to the chairman of the White House coal advisory council. One of the great benefits of increased coal. use is employment. And we want those new jobs throughout our country to be safe jobs. I'm aware of the environmental concern associated with the use of coal. We have not evaded this issue. We have addressed this problem forthrightly in all of my meetings. With everyone concerned with coal, I have insisted upon this procedure. Had we ever tried to mis lead the public, or to evade an important subject, that evasion would have been counterproductive. The Commission, in its report, from the very first day, has showed that the subject of environmental quality has been included in all the recommendations made. Jay Rockefeller and his Commission have worked very closely with the Environmental Protection Agency and its officials, and there need be no apology made by the coal industry for all these recommendations, because we have absolutely not compromised the air quality standards established in the Clear Air Act, in the conversion of these plants from oil to coal, or in the other recommendations made by the Commission. This is very important. I think not only will it address this issue forthrightly and accurately, but it will help to eliminate the exaggerated concerns that have in the past been an obstacle to the increased use of coal. Acid rainfall is a serious problem to which we must find an acceptable solution. When I meet with the Prime Minister of Canada or when I meet with the Chancellor of Germany or with other leaders throughout the world, not only in our own country, the subject of acid rain is a growing issue to be addresed and resolved. Together, you and I, the Congress, of course, must complete a comprehensive study of this problem. It's a fairly new problem. It cannot be evaded, and I'm sure that we can find a solution to it. America has more minable coal reserves, as you know, than any other country on Earth. Every barrel of imported oil which we can replace with American coal will save us precious dollars which we would otherwise spend overseas. By keeping those dollars here at home, we can pro 473 'Il^ "Llll --- —--~-l —~ --- —----— L Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 vide American jobs, we can cut down drastically on the inflation rate, and we can enhance our Nation's security. Those possibilities will be realized if we are able to continue the close cooperation, the dedication, the sound judgment, the inspiration, and the hard work which has been personified by these men and women in this room. Together we can make our Nation more secure through a precious possession, coal. You've got a partner in the White House; together we will not fail. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 1:08 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. The reports are entitled "The President's Commission on Coal-Recommendations and Summary Findings" and "The President's Commission on Coal-Staff Findings" (Government Printing Office, 26 and 66 pages, respectively). St. Patrick's Day Statement by the President. March 14, 1980 Rosalynn and I rejoice with those who celebrate St. Patrick's Day, and we share your pride in the great Irish heritage it honors. The fact that this observance has such national participation is perhaps the truest measure of the influence of the Irish on American life. Rosalynn and I are pleased to have this annual opportunity to salute the positive effects of Irish culture and customs throughout our society and in every area of endeavor. We hope this day will be especially happy and memorable for all our fellow citizens of Irish descent and for all who join them in the "wearin' o' the green." Military Awards Program of the Departments of Defense and Transportation Message to the Congress Transmitting Two Reports. March 14,1980 To the Congress of the United States: Forwarded herewith in accordance with the provisions of 10 U.S.C. ~ 1124 are reports of the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Transportation on awards made during Fiscal Year 1979 to members of the Armed Forces for suggestions, inventions and scientific achievements. Participation by military personnel in the cash awards program was authorized by the Congress in 1965. More than two million suggestion submissions since that time attest to the success which the program has had as a means of motivating military personnel to seek ways of reducing costs and improving efficiency. Of those suggestions submitted, more than 338,000 have been adopted with resultant tangible first-year benefits in excess of one billion dollars. Of the 82,813 suggestions which were submitted by military personnel (including Coast Guard military personnel) during Fiscal Year 1979, 13,001 were adopted. Cash awards totalling $962,305 were paid for adopted suggestions during Fiscal Year 1979. These awards were based not only on tangible first-year benefits of $55,683,093 during Fiscal Year 1979 realized from adopted suggestions, but also on many additional benefits and improvements of an intangible nature. Enlisted personnel received $776,780 in awards during Fiscal Year 1979 representing 81 % of the total cash awards paid during these periods. Officer personnel received $185,525 during Fiscal Year 1979. 474 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 The attached reports of the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Transportation contain statistical information on the military awards program and brief descriptions of some of the more noteworthy contributions made by military personnel during Fiscal Year 1979. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 14, 1980. Navy Shipbuilding Programs Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate Reporting on the Programs. March 14, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) This letter is to comply with section 810 of the Department of Defense Appropriation Authorization Act, 1979. That section requires me to provide the Congress with my conclusions on the survivability, cost effectiveness, and combat effectiveness of any new combatant ship requested, and my recommendation on whether the ship should be nuclear or conventionally powered. This letter covers requested authorizations for fiscal years 1981 and 1982 for the ships listed in the attachment. Other ships of the major combatant classes have been authorized in the past. I consider all of these ships to be combat effective in terms of their ability to accomplish their designated mission. Because ships last 25 to 30 years or more, their effectiveness will be enhanced in the future as new equipment is added. In all cases, these ships provide more capability than the comparable ships they will replace. The cost effectiveness of a ship program is difficult to determine without establishing the measure of effectiveness of a specific mission, the intended level of effectiveness, its alternatives, and the proration of total costs among all the various missions of a particular ship type. The continuing programs requested in FY 1981 and 1982 are cost effective because the ships can accomplish their primary missions and because nonrecurring costs have been incurred and production is underway. Studies are in progress of possible future alternatives to the TRIDENT Submarine and the SSN-688 Class Nuclear Attack Submarine. Conventional power is planned for the AEGIS Cruiser (CG-47) and the Fleet Guided Missile Frigate (FFG) because it provides adequate propulsion for these ships to accomplish their missions and has lower procurement costs. The designs for the Landing Ship Dock (LSD-41) and the Mine Countermeasures ship (MCM) will also accomplish their missions in the most cost effective manner. Class for class, the ships in this authorization request are more survivable than ships now in the fleet. The term survivability refers to the ability of each ship to defend itself and to withstand hits from existing and projected threats. I propose nuclear power for the two types of submarines in the requested authorizations. In view of its higher cost, nuclear power should be limited to ships that clearly benefit from its use. Submarine missions provide a much greater opportunity than surface missions to capitalize on nuclear power. Also, it would not be cost effective to alter either the TRIDENT or attack submarine designs for conventional power. I therefore recommend that these ships be nuclear powered and that the others be conventionally powered. 475 Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The Navy will conclusions and greater detail. Sincerely, address each recommends JIMMY ( AUTHORIZATION REQUEST FOR C SHIPS LSD-41 Landing Ship DockTRIDENT Submarine --- —SSN-688 Class Nuclear Attack Submarine --- —----- CG-47 Class AEGIS Cruiser - --------------- FFG-7 Fleet Guided Missile Frigate --- —--------- LSD-41 Landing Ship DockMCM Mine Countermeas F 19 ures Ship --- —--------- NOTE: This is the text of identical dressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., the House of Representatives, and Mondale, President of the Senate. Anti-Inflation Program Remarks Announcing the Administri Program. March 14,1980 This afternoon I have a vei message to deliver to our countr) high inflation threatens the security of our Nation. Since my and budget reports were made to gress and to the people in Janus changes in world events and prospects have made it necessa tensify our anti-inflation fight. In the last 8 weeks inflation: interest rates have surged to dented heights. This is a worldw lem. During the last 2 reporting for instance, the increases in th 'Redesignation of the DDG-47 CI Destroyer. L of these sale price index in Italy, Great Britain, itions in and Japan have all increased more than 25 percent. And even in Germany, West Germany, where the prime consideration, DARTER equal to national defense, is inflation, the wholesale price index has increased more than 13 percent. y py The inflation that we face today is deep81 1982 rooted. Its many causes have been built up 1 --- over more than a decade. The most im1 portant of these causes are the soaring I prices for energy throughout the world, declining productivity growth in our Na2 3 tion, and our failure in government and as individuals, as an entire American soci4 4 ety, to live within our means. Inflation is a symptom of economic dis1 tress. The truth is that we have inflation letters ad- because our economy is not productive Speaker of enough to do all the things that we deWalter F. mand of it. We want it to give us higher incomes, bigger profits, and bigger government programs in the areas where we have a special interest. The Federal Government must stop spending money we do not have and borrowing to make up the aition's difference. Our whole society, the entire American family, must try harder than ever to live within its means. As individuals and as a y. Present nation, we must begin to spend money aceconomic cording to what we can afford in the long economic run and not according to what we can the Con- borrow in the short run. iry, rapid There are no quick answers to inflation, economic and, above all, there certainly are not any try to in- painless answers. If there were any such solutions, any quick or painless solutions, rates and they would have been implemented long unprece- ago. We cannot abolish inflation over7ide prob- night by just passing a law against it. Only rmonths, a long-term effort, with a partnership of ehol business and labor and individual citizens and government at all levels, can succeed lass AEGIS in bringing this serious problem under control. 476 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 This dangerous situation calls for urgent measures. We must act firmly and decisively, and we must act now. We must remove any doubt about our Nation's will to take the painful steps that will be required to control inflation. We cannot accept high rates of inflation as a permanent fact of American life. The intensive anti-inflation program that I'm announcing today involves five major components: first, discipline by reductions in the Federal Government; second, discipline by restraints on credit; third, discipline in wage and price actions; fourth, discipline by greater conservation of energy; and fifth, structural changes over a long period of time to encourage productivity, savings, and research and development. Let me discuss these one by one. First, the budget. I will soon set forth a revised budget for fiscal year 1981, beginning next October 1. It will be a balanced budget. And the Congress and I are determined to keep this budget in balance. Since the last balanced budget 12 years ago-and there has been only one balanced budget since 1961-we have added almost one-half trillion dollars to our Nation's debt. In 1981 we will thus achieve an objective that has escaped us, eluded our country in good times and in bad times, and that is a balanced budget. By the end of this month, I will send to Congress a major revision in both my 1980 and 1981 budgets. It will propose significant reductions of budget authority from the current proposals in order to cut spending this fiscal year and next fiscal year. I will cut spending in the 1981 budget by more than $18 billion.* To reach that goal, I will defer or reduce or cancel most *The President meant to say $13 billion. [White House correction.] of the new or the expanded programs which were originally proposed in the 1981 budget. I will cut expenditures for personnel, operating, and maintenance throughout the Government. I will freeze Federal civilian employment immediately and maintain rigid ceilings, so that by the end of October of this year, we will have 20,000 fewer Federal employees on the payroll. I will reduce ongoing spending programs throughout the Federal Government. I urgently request from the Congress the savings and the revenue measures in the budget that I proposed back in January. I want to stress in particular the legislation needed to hold down hospital costs, to reform Federal pay, and to speed up collections in revenue. When budget cuts demand sacrifices from many Americans, it's intolerable for some to evade prompt payment of the taxes which they owe. I will send to the Congress legislation to make sure that taxes that are owed on interests and on dividends are actually paid and paid in a timely manner. I will maintain my commitment, through all of this procedure, to a strong defense and to the level of real growth in defense spending which I committed on the honor of our Nation to our NATO Allies. But the Defense Department will not be immune from budget austerity. In particular, I will require that Department to make savings that do not affect adversely our military preparedness. I consider the proposed defense budget adequate to meet our Nation's needs. We must maintain budget restraint and fiscal responsibility in every single agency of the Federal Government. Based on our estimates of economic and budgetary developments, the action that I have just described will produce a balanced budget in 1981. Of course, in our system the Congress controls the power of 477.~r-~ — ~-r~lp ---ls. I~r l~-~r~~UP I..-~.ls~Ul~ — siS-I l -mwYlh(~IIl-P1 ~I Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the purse. The recent intense efforts, one of the most inspiring demonstrations of congressional leadership that I have ever seen, and my close cooperation and consultation with these congressional leaders, have all convinced me that the Congress will indeed enact and maintain a balanced budget that I have just described to you. But to ensure that outcome I will use every power at my command, as President, as I did last week on a popular bill. I will veto any legislation that exceeds the spending limits which I consider to be inconsistent with a balanced budget. I will use my full powers under the 1974 Budget Reform Act to hold down Federal spending, including some expenditures which have already been authorized by the Congress and for which money has been appropriated. If, during the course of the year, I judge these actions and powers which I've just described as being insufficient, I will ask the Congress for a temporary grant of ex-, traordinary powers to ensure that spending by the Federal Government of our country is contained. Cutting back Federal spending to match revenue is not a cure-all, but it is an essential first step. The sources of inflation are far too complex to be treated by a single remedy. But nothing will work in an overall anti-inflation program until the Federal Government has demonstrated to the American people that it can discipline its own spending and its own borrowingnot just as a 1-year exercise but as a longterm policy. Together, we will do just that. We will dispel the notions that Federal budget deficits must always be with us. I want to be absolutely honest about these budget cuts. We have been cutting out waste and fraud and trimming the bureaucratic fat. But this time, there will also have to be cuts in good and worthwhile programs-programs which I support very strongly. In this critical situation we must all look beyond some of our most worthwhile immediate aims to the overriding permanent needs of our Nation. Our second area of action is restraining the growth of credit. Just as our governments have been borrowing to make ends meet, so have individual Americans been borrowing to make ends meet. When we try to beat inflation with borrowed money, we just make the problem worse. Inflation is fed by credit-financed spending. Consumers have gone in debt too heavily. The savings rate in our Nation is now much lower than it has been for more than 25 years. Less than 3 percent of the earnings of Americans now go into savings. As inflationary expectations have been worsened, business and other borrowers are also tempted to use credit to finance speculative ventures as well as productive activities. The traditional tools used by the Federal Reserve to control money and credit expansion are a basic part of the fight against inflation. But in present circumstances, these tools need to be reinforced so that effective constraint can be achieved in ways that spread the burden reasonably and fairly. I'm therefore using my power under the Credit Control Act of 1969 to authorize the Federal Reserve to impose new restraints on the growth of credit on a limited and on a carefully targeted basis. Under this authority the Federal Reserve will first establish controls for credit cards and other unsecured loans but not for secured loans on homes, automobiles, and other durable goods, and second, to restrain credit extensions by commercial banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System and also by certain other money market lenders. The Chairman of the Federal Reserve will announce a voluntary program effec 478 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 tive immediately to restrain excessive growth in loans by larger banks and by other lenders. At the same time, the program will encourage the flow of available credit supplies for investment and for other productive uses. Special attention will be given to the particular needs of small businesses, farmers, and homeowners, and I support these initiatives by the Federal Reserve. These carefully targeted actions will not damage the productive capacity of our Nation. To help curtail the excessive uses of credit and by dampening inflation they should, along with the budget measures that I have described, speed prospects for reducing the strains which presently exist in our financial markets. In addition, I'm taking steps to reduce the extension of credit by the Federal Government. Federal loans and loan guarantees will be cut by nearly $4 billion in fiscal year 1981. As a longer run measure, I urge Congress to institute the credit budget which I proposed in January. It will help us control more effectively the loans and the loan guarantees provided by the Federal Government. Our third area of action is the voluntary wage and price standards. I do not have authority to impose mandatory controls. I will oppose such authority being approved at all by the Congress. We will not impose mandatory wage and price controls. Government wage and price controls have never worked in peacetime. They create unfair economic distortions, and they hurt productivity. These results always force price controls first to be eased and then to be dismantled while inflation roars ahead. Controls create inequities, and the greatest inequity is their effect on the average American family. As even the most ardent advocates of mandatory wage and price controls will admit, the cost of vital necessities such as food and fuel would be passed on to those who are living on frozen wages and on fixed incomes. We simply cannot outlaw inflation with a massive Federal bureaucracy or wish it away with a magic formula. On the other hand, voluntary wage and price restraints offer the flexibility we need to deal with our complex economy. The Council on Wage and Price Stability has just issued revised pay standards and confirmed an extension of the price standards. The new pay standards were developed from the recommendation of a tripartite advisory committee, with members from business, labor, and the public. The committee unanimously recommended standards for pay increases in the range of 7/2 to 9/2 percent and stated that under normal circumstances increases should average 8~2 percent. I'm determined to meet this goal. In the face of last year's 13-percent increase in the Consumer Price Index, and the even higher rate of recent months, this unanimous recommendation of the Pay Advisory Committee, designed to produce an average wage and salary increase of 8/2 percent, reflects a commendable spirit of restraint and cooperation. With business, labor, and public support, we can meet this goal of restraint. I'm sharply expanding the price and wage monitoring activities of the Council on Wage and Price Stability. Its current staff of 80 people will be more than tripled. The Council will then establish teams of experts to track wage and price developments in each major industry. The Council will meet with leaders from specific industries to secure their cooperation in this fight against inflation. Where necessary, we will ask large firms for prenotification of significant price increases. We will investigate wage and price in 479 *I-~Iq~C)l -I Y -----— D Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 creases that seem out of line with the standards. I mean to apply these standards with vigor and toughness to both business and labor. Our fourth area of action is energy. The plain truth is that we will never be completely strong at home or secure abroad until we've at last solved our Nation's excessive dependence on imported oil. This year, we expect to spend $90 billion of America's hard-earned income to foreign countries to buy their oil. The price of imported oil has more than doubled-more than doubled in the last 12 months. Last year's increase alone in 1979 was greater than all other increases combined since the oil embargo of 1973. In fact, last year alone the price of oil increased more than it has since oil was first discovered. We must forge ahead toward the goal that I set last July-cutting in half the amount of oil that we will import in 1990. To do this, we will require increased conservation and increased production of domestic oil, natural gas, and coal, and the rapid development of alternative energy supplies. For 3 years, as every Member of the Congress well knows, I have fought for a national energy policy to achieve each of these goals, and we have worked closely together. Today, at long last, we are close to enacting such a policy into law, and we must not falter now. I'm asking the Congress to finish without delay the three essential elements of the energy policy. First, the windfall profits tax; second, the energy security corporation; and third, the energy mobilization board. These bills are the cornerstone for energy security, for our national security, and for our fight against inflation. I have recently submitted to the Congress a proposal to conserve energy in electric powerplants and to convert them from oil to coal. This legislation, also, must be passed promptly. But we can never solve our energy dependence unless we meet the problem of America's extravagant gasoline use. Gasoline is the most important and the most wasted petroleum product in the United States. It accounts for some 40 percent of all the petroleum we use in our country. In almost every other industrial country, the average amount of gasoline used by each citizen is much less and the price for gasoline is much higher-more than twice as high in most other industrialized countries than it is today in the United States. Americans have done well in the past year in gasoline conservation. But if we're going to reduce further our dependence on foreign oil, we must do more. Therefore, I am exercising my Presidential authbrity to impose a gasoline conservation fee on imported oil. This will amount to about 10 cents a gallon and will be imposed only on gasoline. The fee will not add to the cost of any other petroleum product, and it will not add at all to the profit of oil companies. It should reduce imports by 100,000 barrels per day in 1 year, and within about 3 years, it will reduce the imports of oil from foreign countries by more than 250,000 barrels every day. I will submit to Congress a request for a specific gasoline tax, in the same amount exactly, which will replace the conservation fee. The funds from this gasoline conservation charge will be held in reserve or used to reduce the national debt. I do not intend to use these revenues to balance the budget or as a substitute for necessary spending cuts. That would not contribute substantially to the control of inflation. But these revenues, which will begin occurring immediately, will give the budget, which will be balanced, a margin of safety, ensuring that it will remain in balance if 480 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 conditions or estimates change in a way that we do not anticipate. We can now set new State targets for gasoline consumption which will, within a year, reduce consumption by 400,000 barrels per day. This action also underscores a commitment to greater conservation that our friends abroad, both the producing countries and the consuming countries, can both join and support. Finally, the Secretary of Energy is pursuing an intensified national energy conservation plan. Our aim is to involve every level of government, business and laborin fact, every single citizen in our country-in conserving American energy. Our fifth area of action involves longterm structural changes to encourage productivity, savings, and research and development. We must face the fact that over the last 10 years the pace of productivity growth in the United States has slowed sharply. Last year productivity actually declined. This trend is an important longterm factor in inflation. It must be reversed. I'm asking my Presidential commission on an agenda for the 1980's as part of their work to develop specific recommendations for revitalizing our Nation's economy. Our priority now is to balance the budget, but once these spending limitations have actually been achieved, we can then provide tax relief to encourage investment. Through fiscal discipline today, we can free up resources tomorrow, through tax deductions, for the productivity increase which our Nation needs. This discipline which I've described to you will not be easy. Our new budgets will be very tight. There are some things we cannot afford, at least not right now. But the most important thing we cannot afford is the national delusion which we have been harboring about inflation. We cannot afford the fairytale that inflation can somehow be passed along to the next person or somehow be passed along to the next generation. The actions I've outlined involve costs. They involve pain. But the cost of acting is far less than the cost of not acting. The temporary pain of inconvenience and discipline is far less for all of us together than the still worst permanent pain of constantly rising inflation. For all of us, but especially for the most disadvantaged among us, inflation is indeed the most cruel tax of all. When we take these necessary steps against inflation, it will not result in a quick victory. Don't look for massive changes next week. Over the next several months inflation is likely to continue at a high level. We must be patient and we must be persistent. But I'm confident that the steps that I've outlined today will make the inflation rate be declining later on this year. As that happens, we can look forward to calmer financial markets and to lower interest rates. By taking control of this problemwhich involves taking control of ourselves-we can put an end to the fear about the future that afflicts so many of our own people and so many of our institutions. In the fight against inflation, what is at stake is more than material wealth or material comfort. What is at stake is whether or not Americans-as a nation and as a people-will retain control of our own destiny. In crises abroad, we've always shown our ability to respond with steadfastness and with courage. We must now show the same determination, the same national unity, the same national commitment, the same partnership, in meeting the challenge of inflation. With inflation, as with defense and with energy, our responsibility is clear: to face the world as it is, not to mislead ourselves, 481 Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 to be honest about the hard decisions that are necessary, to make these decisions and with courage carry them out, and to build together a strong and secure and a hopeful future for every American. With proper discipline we will prevail in our fight against inflation. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 4:31 p.m. in the East Room at the White House to an audience comprised, of administration officials, Members of Congress, State and local officials, heads of business and labor organizations, and leaders of civic, community, and private organizations. His remarks were broadcast live on radio and television. Airplane Crash Near Warsaw, Poland Statement by the President. March 14, 1980 The people of our country are saddened 'by the airline tragedy which took place today near Warsaw, Poland. We are saddened by the awful loss of life, and share the grief of those who knew the victims. I wish to particularly express the condolences of the American people to the families and friends of those killed in the crash who were members of the United States amateur boxing team and those who accompanied them. The spirit and determination of these fine American athletes, and those who coached and assisted them, reflected what is best about our country. They represented our Nation well, and will be sorely missed. NOTE: The Polish jetliner crashed near Okecie International Airport, killing 87 passengers, among which were 14 U.S. athletes and 8 coaches and team officials. Seven other Americans also died in the crash. Credit Control Executive Order 12201. March 14, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 205 of the Credit Control Act (12 U.S.C. 1904), and having determined that the regulation and control of credit is necessary and appropriate for the purpose of preventing and controlling inflation generated by the extension of credit in an excessive volume, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is authorized to exercise all the authority under the Credit Control Act (12 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.) to regulate and control consumer credit. 1-102. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is authorized to exercise all the authority under the Credit Control Act to regulate and control credit extended by those financial intermediaries which are not subject, as of the date hereof, to either the amendments of law effected by Public Law 89-597, as amended, or Section 19 of the Federal Reserve Act, as amended (12 U.S.C. 461), and which are primarily engaged in the extension of short-term credit. 1-103. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is authorized to exercise all the authority under the Credit Control Act to regulate and control credit extended to commercial banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System in the form of managed liabilities. 1-104. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is authorized to exercise the authority under Section 206 (4) of the Credit Control Act (12 U.S.C. 1905(4)) to prescribe appropriate requirements as to the keeping of records with respect to all forms of credit. 482 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 1-105. For the purposes of this Order "consumer credit," "financial intermediaries," "short-term credit," commercial banks," and "managed liabilities" shall have such meaning as may be reasonably prescribed by the regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 1-106. The authorizations granted by this Order shall remain in effect for an indefinite period of time and until revoked by the President. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 14, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:49 p.m., March 14, 1980] Federal Agency Reorganization Statement on Signing H.R. 4337 Into Law. March 14, 1980 I have today approved H.R. 4337, which will reorganize the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission and abolish the Annual Assay Commission, the U.S. Marine Corps Memorial Commission, and the Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board. These reorganizations are the result of a review of small agencies carried out by the President's Reorganization Project in the Office of Management and Budget. I commend the Congress, and particularly Representative Jack Brooks and Senator Abraham Ribicoff, for the passage of this legislation. The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission is a three-member Commission that decides claims of U.S. citizens whose properties in foreign countries have been destroyed by military action or expropriated by foreign governments. The reorganization contained in this legislation transfers the Commission to the Department of Justice and changes the appointment status of two of the three Commissioners from full-time to part-time. This step will save about $100,000 annually. In addition, placement within a larger department will make it easier for the Commission to maintain claims expertise and to carry out secondary activities. Three other small agencies are abolished by this legislation: (1) The Annual Assay Commission is abolished. The Commission was created in 1792 to ensure that coins produced by the Bureau of the Mint contained the required equivalent value of gold and silver. As a result of the Gold Reserve Act of 1934 and the Coinage Act of 1965, the United States no longer produces gold or silver coins of equivalent value, and the need for a separate Commission has diminished. Another function of the Commission, the testing of weights and sizes of coins, is routinely carried out by personnel of the Bureau of the Mint and the National Bureau of Standards. (2) The U.S. Marine Corps Memorial Commission is abolished. The Commission has accomplished its legislative mandate to formulate plans for an appropriate memorial to members of the U.S. Marine Corps who gave their lives in the service of their country. An armory was constructed in Grand Park, Chicago, Ill., as a result of the Commission's activities. (3) The Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board is abolished. The Board was created to encourage the use of lowemission vehicles which it certified as suitable substitutes for other classes of vehicles being procured by the Federal Government. The Board has been inactive for more than 3 years, and legislative developments in the energy area have eliminated the need for the Board. The Elec 483 Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tric and Hybrid R&D Demonstration Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-413) encourages development of low-emission vehicles and requires the General Services Administration and the Postal Service to introduce low-emission vehicles into their fleets as soon as possible. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 4337 is Public Law 96-209, approved March 14. THE PRESIDENT'S NEWS CONFERENCE OF MARCH 14, 1980 ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM THE PRESIDENT. Last night at this time I was participating in a remarkable event, truly historic in the development of our Nation. I was in the Cabinet Room, next to the Oval Office, along with the leadership of the Democrats in the House and the Senate, discussing the features of and the implementation of a comprehensive, anti-inflation program for our Nation. We mutually pledged to assure that this program would be successful, and the Democrats, the leadership, after 10 days of intense discussions and negotiations with my administration, themselves offered adequate cuts in the existing budget to ensure a balanced budget for 1981. I'm very grateful for this cooperation. And during the same afternoon the Republicans, the leadership there, pledged that if the Democrats would take the leadership they would also cooperate, which I think will ensure that the Congress will guarantee that with our cooperative effort this will be successful. Just a few hours ago I described the basic elements of this program, to intensify America's battle against inflation. These actions will be painful. They will not work overnight. But they are necessary to preserve the power of the greatest economic nation on Earth. Inflation is bad in our country, but it's not as bad as that in some of our major allies, Great Britain, Japan, Italy. We have many reasons for this high inflation rate-the unprecedented increase in the price of oil, the fact that we as individuals and a society have tried to beat inflation by borrowing. It's as though we have come to believe that a penny borrowed is a penny earned. Our whole society, beginning with the Federal Government, must live within its means. We must exert discipline on ourselves. We must act decisively, and we must act now. And I will set forth a revised budget for 1981 that will be a balanced budget. To achieve this goal I will defer or reduce or cancel many new programs which have been proposed recently to the Congress. I will cut expenditures throughout the Government. I will freeze Federal employment immediately, to cut down the total number of employees on the Federal payroll by at least 20,000 between now and the 1st of October. These budget cuts will be difficult politically and also because there will be inconveniences and disappointments among many people. But some sacrifice now will be much less onerous and burdensome, particularly to the needy among us, than the serious suffering that will occur if we don't arrest the inflationary spirals. We will have a balanced budget beginning in October. To ensure this goal I will veto any legislation that exceeds our spending limit. I will use my powers under the budget acts to hold down budget-busting appropriations, and, if necessary, I will ask the Congress for additional powers to make sure that these goals are realized. 484 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 A balanced budget is not a cure-all, but it's a necessary part of an overall commitment. Without a balanced budget commitment there would be no way to put together a credible anti-inflation program. The Federal Government simply must accept discipline on itself as an example for others to follow. Secondly, our governments have been borrowing, but so have people and institutions in our Nation been borrowing too much. So, credit controls will be implemented, as authorized by me and as administered by the Federal Reserve System of our country, to moderate the expansion of credit, with special emphasis provided, however, to meet the needs of small businesses, farmers, and those who would buy homes. Third, we'll have improved compliance with our voluntary wage and price constraints. Mandatory wage and price controls will not be used. They have never worked in peacetime. Prices have always continued to rise even under an enormous Federal bureaucracy, and the greatest harm has come to the average American family living on a fixed income with frozen wages while the cost of vital necessities like food and fuel continue to go higher and higher. And fourth, as I said earlier, the price of imported oil has more than doubled in the last 12 months. Last year's increase in prices of oil alone was greater than all other increases in the price of oil since oil was first discovered many years ago. We simply must cut these imports. We are now approaching the final stages of implementing through law a comprehensive and an adequate energy policy for our Nation. But we cannot meet the goal of reducing imports adequately unless we control the unwarranted and extravagant consumption of gasoline. Therefore, to make reductions in oil imports, I will impose an oil import conservation fee, equal to about 10 cents a gallon, to cut down on the use of gasoline. The first year this will result in savings of 100,000 barrels a day of imported oil; after 3 years, about 250,000 barrels per day will be reduced because of this charge. And we will be able, this year, to cut our gasoline consumption, and therefore oil imports, 400,000 barrels of oil per day. I'll take long-term efforts to improve the vitality of our economy and to increase productivity through tax reductions. But these tax reductions can only come after we have been sure that we can exercise and maintain the discipline of a balanced budget. There are no quick answers to inflation. There are no easy answers. There are no painless answers to inflation. If so, they would have been carried out long ago. The American people are not going to be deceived on this issue. The projects that I've outlined will involve costs; they involve pain. But the cost is far less in taking action than it will be if we take no action. I must tell you very frankly that the results will not be immediate. We can expect several more months of very high inflation. But toward the end of this year the inflation rate will begin to drop, I think drop substantially. The hard truth is that there is no easy way. Americans must do this together. The final point I'd like to make before I take your answers is that our Nation is strong and vital. We are similar to a superb athlete who has simply gotten out of shape. The American economy has an underlying strength and resiliency. With discipline and restraint and with a willingness to accept, perhaps, some aching muscles at first, our economy can perform again like a champion. In the fight against inflation what is at stake is more than 485 we=i —~.I-.1. ~..-. -..I Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 material wealth, it's more than material comfort; what is at stake is whether we as Americans, as a nation, as a people, will control our own destiny. In order to do so we must control inflation. And the Congress and I and, I believe, our entire Nation is determined to make this effort successful. Thank you very much. Mr. Cormier [Frank Cormier, Associated Press]. QUESTIONS BALANCED FEDERAL BUDGETS Q. Mr. President, do you look forward to more than one balanced budget in a row-because if you look for more, we haven't had two in a row since Eisenhower, three in a row since Truman, and four in a row since Herbert Hoover. I just wondered how you look forward to that. THE PRESIDENT. My hope is that once we establish a precedent of a balanced budget under the present very difficult circumstances, that we will be able to maintain that financial discipline and that budget discipline that we have achieved. ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS Q. Mr. President, is Israel keeping faith with the Camp David accords and the autonomy talks, when by government policy it continues to confiscate the land of Palestinians? THE PRESIDENT. There is nothing specifically in the Camp David accords concerning the settlements themselves. There is an agreement in the treaty between Israel and Egypt about settlements that have been established in the Sinai region, which is Egyptian territory. I might say concerning that, that our policy is set by me, as President. There has been no change in our policy. That policy is guided by U.N. Resolution 242 and 338, the basis of all of our negotiations; by every word in the Camp David accords, signed by me on behalf of our Nation; and by Begin and Sadat on behalf of Israel and Egypt. We intend to carry out that agreement. Right now we are indulged in some very difficult but very important discussions and negotiations to establish full autonomy on the West Bank, Gaza area. I believe that these discussions can be successful. It's crucial to our own Nation's security that they be successful, that we have peace in the Middle East; and, it's, I think, crucial to the whole region that these discussions be successful. I might add one other point. It's not easy. We've had tedious negotiations at Camp David. We had tedious negotiations almost exactly a year ago, when we finally concluded and signed the Mideast peace treaty. Our principles are well known by Prime Minister Begin and by President Sadat, and I stay constantly in touch with them and our negotiators to make sure that we are successful. I believe that we will have peace in the Middle East, with a secure Israel behind recognized borders, with the Palestinian question being resolved in all its aspects, and with peace between Israel and her neighbors. Q. You say the policy is set by you. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. And this is a question about the recent mix-up on the U.N. resolution. My question really goes to process. The resolution was not the resolution that you wanted. Are you the only one who can determine that it's not the resolution you want? Does your staff not know when it's not a resolution that you want, or is it possible that some of your foreign policy advisers are trying to make policy for you? 486 --- Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 THE PRESIDENT. I don't think anybody in my administration doubts that I'm the one that sets the policy. The U.N. resolution, as it was passed, was not in accordance with the policy that I have established. It was not in accordance with the agreements that I had made with Prime Minister Begin, well understood by President Safiat. We hiad agreed among us that we did not approve, as an American Government, of the settlements on the West Bank and Gaza area-that they were an obstacle to peace. But we also had agreed that during the time of the negotiations, we would not call for the dismantling of existing settlements. That was to be resolved as an issue in the ongoing negotiations. Also, President Sadat, Prime Minister Begin, and I agreed on a paragraph in the Camp David accords concerning Jerusalem. It called for, and we still believe, that there should be an undivided Jerusalem, but that those who look upon those places in Jerusalem as holy places, should have unimpeded access to them for worship. This resolution in the U.N. violated those two very important and basic principles. Those issues have not yet been resolved. There is nothing in this resolution at the U.N. that established the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza area. That will be established after a 5 -year interval period, during which full autonomy is enjoyed by the residents of the area. So, the resolution was in violation of my policy. I might say that I have absolute confidence in Secretary Vance. I have seen him days and days and weeks negotiating to achieve the security of Israel and the peace of Israel. It was an honest breakdown in communications between me and the United Nations. I'm responsible for anything that goes wrong in this Govern ment, and I'm also responsible, on occasion, for things that go right. Secretary Vance is responsible for the State Department. But to say exactly how the communications broke down is very difficult to do. But I made it known as quickly as I discovered it, that this resolution did violate the policy and disavowed our vote for it. ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM Q. Mr. President, the other three times that you proposed a new anti-inflation program, you pledged each time that they would help restrain the rate of inflation, and yet we've seen it climb from 5 percent, when you took office, to more than 18 percent now on an annual basis. What assurance can you offer the American people that the plan you announced today will bring down the rate of inflation? THE PRESIDENT. I have absolutely no doubt that the plan that I outlined today, when implemented, will indeed bring down the high rate of inflation which exists today. There are some elements that cause the present high inflation ratewhich is a worldwide problem over which I have no control. One is the price of foreign oil, when we are importing so much of it. As I said earlier, it has more than doubled in price in the last 12 months. In fact, just 1 month ago, the price of energy in our own Nation increased 7/2 percent in 1 month, which is an annual rate of 90 percent. But I can control how much oil is imported at that high price, and we can shift to more plentiful supplies of energy in our own Nation. We have not had a balanced budget in 12 years. We've only had one balanced budget since 1961. But I can guarantee you that we will have a balanced budget in 1981, fiscal year beginning October 1. 487 Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The Nation is aroused now, as it has never been before-at least in my lifetime-about the horrors of existing inflation and the threat of future inflation. Never in the history of our Nation has there been so much of a common commitment and a common discussion and a common negotiation between any President and his administration and the leaders of the Congress. This is a mutual commitment. It's not just something that I'm proposing to Congress with little expectation of success. So, there are several elements, including those I've just described to you, that make it certain, in my mind, that we will have a substantial reduction in the inflation rate during this year-the latter part of this year. And I believe that we'll be under double-digit inflation next year. STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION Q. Mr. President, I'd like to ask you two questions if I could, please, about the SALT process-one general, one specific. The first question is, given the fact this is an election year, do you still intend to push ahead with Senate ratification of SALT? If so, when will you ask the Senate to ratify SALT? The second question deals with the Trident submarine. When that begins sea trials in July, I think under the SALT I agreement you will need to begin decommissioning Polaris submarines to stay within the limits of the SALT I agreement. Will you begin decommissioning Polaris submarines when Trident begins its sea trials, or will you opt for technical violation of the SALT I agreement? THE PRESIDENT. The agreement which we presently have with the Soviet Union, which I intend to honor as long as they reciprocate, is to comply with all the terms of the interim SALT agreement, which is known as SALT I. SALT II has been signed by me and President Brezhnev. I consider it binding on our two countries. It has not yet been ratified. We will observe very closely to make sure that the Soviets comply with this agreement. I will not ask the Senate to ratify SALT II until I have a chance to consult very closely with the congressional leadership on the Senate side, particularly Majority Leader Byrd and others who work with him, both Democrats and Republicans. Because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan it is obvious that we would not be successful in ratifying SALT II treaty at this time. It is still on the calendar. It will not be brought up until after that consultation takes place. I will also continue to consult with congressional leadership as far as compliance with SALT II is concerned. But my present intention, within the bounds of reciprocal action on the Soviet Union and consultations with the Senate and, to some degree, the House leadership, I intend to comply with the provisions of SALT II. Q. Mr. President, I'm a bit confused by that last answer. You both said that you regarded the treaty that you signed as binding on this country and that you would consult on compliance with it. I guess the question then comes down to whether or not the United States, in absence of ratification, would observe the provisions of SALT II and the notion that it's in its own best interests and, I suppose, inviting Soviet comparable action. Is that what you're saying to us? THE PRESIDENT. Ordinarily, when a treaty is signed between the heads of two nations, the presumption is that the treaty will be honored on both sides absent some further development. One further 488 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 development that would cause me to renounce the treaty would be after consulting with the Members of the Senate to determine an interest of our Nation that might cause such a rejection, in which case I would notify the Soviet Union that the terms of the treaty were no longer binding. So, there will be two provisos in the continued honoring of the SALT II treaty. One is that the Soviets reciprocate completely, as verified by us, and secondly, that the consultations that I will continue with the Senate leadership confirm me in my commitment that it's in the best interests of our country to do so. FEDERAL GRANTS TO CITIES Q. Mr. President, you've been accused of buying votes in this particular election. With your efforts to balance the budget, will you continue to favor those particular cities and persons within those cities who favor your reelection? THE PRESIDENT. We have never favored any person or cities who favored my reelection. FISCAL YEAR 1981 BUDGET Q. Mr. President, you submitted your fiscal '81 budget just 7 weeks ago, and then we had the January CPJ figures and everyone was shocked, of course. My question is, why, sir, could you not have anticipated increased inflation and submitted a balanced budget at that time, the kind of cuts that you announced and the kind of package that you announced today and, as you mentioned a minute ago, arouse the country at that time? THE PRESIDENT. Well, circumstances have changed drastically since we completed work on the 1981 budget, even since I submitted it to the Congress in January. At that time there was a gen eral presumption that quite early this year we would be faced-not with rapidly escalating inflation, but with an actual recession. Everyone has been amazed at the strength of our economy, the rapidity with which growth has occurred, of business investments, an actual reduction in unemployment, and other indicators of a very hot economy in spite of the fact that energy prices and other reasons have caused the inflation rate to escalate. So, when circumstances change, as I've just described, we must change our policy. I think that when we submitted this budget in January it was a very stringent budget. When I ran for President, for instance, in 1976, the budget deficit was over 4 percent of the gross national product. The 1981 budget, as submitted, had cut that 4 percent down to about one-half of 1 percent. So, we've been making good progress in cutting down the budget deficit. But now, because of increasing evidence of uncontrollable inflation and uncontrollable interest rates if we don't take more drastic action, we decided to take the drastic action that I described this afternoon. PROGRAMS FOR MINORITY GROUPS Q. Mr. President, the Congressional Black Caucus has labeled your 1981 budget proposal an unmitigated disaster for racial minorities, the poor, and the elderly. And they also say it reflects the level of indifference that the administration has adopted towards the minority community. Could you respond to that? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. That's not an accurate assessment, but I think it's an accurate report that you just gave on their attitude. We've had a very successful first 3 years in increased programs and increased sensitivity to the needs of the dis 489 t. Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 advantaged people in our country, including minority groups. We've had an unprecedented increase in jobs. We've had an unprecedented commitment to the urban areas of our country, inhabited by the poor and quite often by minority groups. We've had a 75-percent increase in educational funds from the Federal Government, primarily oriented toward the disadvantaged children and others. So, we've got an excellent record so far, not only in the allocation of funds and programs for those who need them most but also in the appointment of very knowledgeable and very competent minority representatives, in my administration as a whole, and also to Federal judgeships and other similar positions in the regulatory agencies. Now, in my opinion, the people in our Nation who will most benefit from controlling inflation are the ones who are most damaged by it, and that's the ones on low incomes, on fixed incomes, who have to face day after day an 18- or 20 -percent increase in cost of the things they have to buy on those relatively fixed incomes. There will be some transient inconvenience or disappointment, but it will be much less than the permanent damage to the quality of life of those poor people on the long term if we do not get inflation under control. So, in my judgment the best thing that I could do for the people about whom I am deeply concerned, the disadvantaged and the poor, is to take every step to control inflation. The cuts that we have put into our plans that will be revealed to the Congress very shortly have been worked out by the very liberal Members of the Congress who helped to initiate those programs in the first place. And as we have put together this package, we have had a special sensitivity for those who are most disadvantaged and have minimized the adverse effect on them by the cuts that will be proposed. AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN Q. Mr. President, can you give us some new word on the hostage situation in Iran? Is the administration content to just wait until the parliament is elected, or do you have any plan to resolve this? Do you plan to bring any more pressures on Iran? THE PRESIDENT. We are not content for the innocent American hostages to be held by terrorists for one single day. This is an abhorrent act in direct violation not only of international law but the very Islamic principles which these militants profess to espouse and to support. We have done everything we possibly could in the last 4 months to honor the principles of our Nation, to protect the interests of our Nation, to try to preserve in every way the health and the lives of those hostages, and to work for their freedom. I don't know when they'll be released. We have constant negotiations and attempts to provide continuing communication with the leaders of Iran. I believe that when there's a stable government in Iran, which may possibly occur after the elections-the vote, as you know, began today. But our past few days have been characterized by bitter disappointments, because, in effect, commitments that had been made by the newly elected President and administration of Iran were not honored, because prior to these parliamentary elections they obviously do not have the authority to speak and carry out their own commitment. Whether they'll have that authority after the elections are completed I don't know. I certainly hope so. 490 ----— ~1 ---I --- — PU, Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 14 SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY Q. Mr. President, how much longer before you will feel that you have whipped, to use your phrase, Senator Kennedy's donkey? [Laughter] Will it take the Illinois primary, or New York? At what point do you feel that you will have this job done? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think we've got 35 or 36 primaries, and the rest are caucus States. During this 5-day period, I think, we've got 11 elections. We've done very well recently in those contests, but the acknowledgement of defeat is a judgment to be made completely by my opponents, and not by me. And I have no indication and no expectation that there would be any termination to their election efforts anytime in the near future. IRANIAN IMMIGRANTS Q. Sir, why did we let in over 9,000 Iranians to come here and be citizens of this country after they took our hostages? Was that an accident or what happened? THE PRESIDENT. No, it's not an accident. There's a difference between a great and a free and compassionate democratic nation on the one hand, and other countries from which refugees flee, looking for freedom, looking for the right to worship as they please, trying to escape possible persecution. We have screened the immigrants very closely, and in every instance, they have been determined to have a real, genuine, legal interest and reason for coming to our country. It would not be advisable for us, it would not be humane for us, it would not even be decent for us, in my opinion, when we have an intense confrontationan extremely emotional confrontationwith a revolutionary country like Iran, to refuse to accept refugees who are trying to escape circumstances there and coming to our Nation for a haven. This was a decision made by me, it's in accordance with the American law, and I believe it's in the best interests of our own country to do so. GASOLINE CONSERVATION FEE Q. Mr. President, would you please explain how an oil import fee of four dollars and sixty-some odd cents per barrel, and an eventual 10-cent-per-gallon tax on gasoline will help fight inflation, rather than create more inflation? THE PRESIDENT. The immediate result of that will not be a reduction in inflation. It will be an increase in the inflationary status of our country, as measured by the CPI. But what we must do is to cut down on our excessive dependence on imported oil. This year, we're going to send out of our Nation between eighty and ninety billion dollars of hard-earned American money to foreign countries to buy their oil. As we import that excessive amount of oil, we also import inflation and unemployment. When we reduce our unwarranted demands to buy the existing amount of oil that exists on the world markets, it causes a lessening in demand and therefore tends to hold down prices. I believe that because of our action in cutting down oil imports and conservation measures, combined with that of other major oil-importing countries, we have already seen some moderation of the price of oil. I have no belief at all that 1980 will see anything like the increase in oil prices that resulted in 1979 when demand exceeded the available supply. So, we benefit in two ways: One is keeping the money and the jobs in our own Nation, instead of sending it over 491 Mar. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 seas. And secondly, we help to moderate the worldwide price for energy which will have a major effect in cutting down inflationary pressures in our country in the future. But there will be some transient, temporary adverse effect because of the increase that I will bring about by the conservation fee. MR. CORMIER. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, sir. NOTE: President Carter's fifty-fifth news conference began at 9 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. It was broadcast live on radio and television. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. March 8 The President met at the White House with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. March 10 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -members of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture. The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report of the Community Services Administration. March 11 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget; -Representative Peter W. Rodino, Jr., of New Jersey and Mayor Thomas H. Cook, Jr., of East Orange, N.J.; -Rocco Arizzi, 1980 National Poster Child for the Muscular Dystrophy Association; -Representative Robert A. Young of Missouri; -Representative Robert Garcia of New York. The President transmitted to the Congress the first annual report on the Status of the Weatherization Assistance Program. March 12 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Moon Landrieu, Secretary of Education Shirley Hufstedler, Secretary of Agriculture Bob Bergland, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, Eugene Eidenberg, Deputy Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President, and Mr. McIntyre; -Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, and Dr. Brzezinski; 492 -- I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 — Secretary of the Treasury G. William Miller, Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, and Mr. Eizenstat. The President participated in a briefing on administration policies and programs given for county farm bureau presidents from Ohio in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. The President signed Executive Order 12198, "Prescribing Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1969 (Revised Edition)," which amends the rules of evidence applicable to courts-martial to make them conform as closely as possible to the rules applicable to criminal trials in Federal civilian courts. The text of the Executive order is printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of March 14, 1980. The President transmitted to the Congress the 13th annual report of the U.S.Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program for Calendar Year 1979. March 13 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -former President Gerald R. Ford; -a group of Republican Senators and Representatives; -a group of Democratic Senators and Representatives. The President announced that he will nominate James B. King for reappointment as Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board for a 2-year term. King has been Chairman of the NTSB since 1978. The President announced the appoint ment of William J. Beckham, Jr., Deputy Secretary of Transportation, as Alternate U.S. Representative to the NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society. March 14 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -the Cabinet. The President announced the appointments of Margaret McKenna and Michael Bakalis as Deputy Under Secretaries of Education. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David, Md. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted March 12, 1980 WILLIAM COURTLEIGH GARDNER, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia for the term of years prescribed by Public Law 91-358, as amended, vice Alfred Burka, retired. Submitted March 14, 1980 JAMES B. KING, of Massachusetts, to be Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board for a term of 2 years (reappointment). HENRY BOWEN FRAZIER III, of Virginia, to be a member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority for a term of 5 years expiring July 1, 1985 (reappointment). 493 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released March 11, 1980 Transcript: remarks and a question-and-answer session on the results of the March 11 State Democratic Party primaries and caucuses-by Press Secretary Jody Powell Released March 12, 1980 Fact sheet: Project Head Start Released March 14, 1980 Announcement: appointment of Margaret McKenna as a Deputy Under Secretary of Education Announcement: appointment of Michael Bakalis as a Deputy Under Secretary of Education Advance text: remarks announcing the antiinflation program Fact sheet: anti-inflation program List: attendees at the President's remarks announcing the anti-inflation program ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved March 6, 1980 H.R. 6374 --- —-------- Public Law 96-201 An act to authorize the President of the United States to present on behalf of the Congress a specially struck gold medal to Ambassador Kenneth Taylor. Approved March 8, 1980 S.J. Res. 43 --- —------- Public Law 96-202 A joint resolution to proclaim March 21, 1980, "National Energy Education Day". Approved March 10, 1980 S. 1850 --- —----------- Public Law 96-203 An act to authorize the conveyance of lands in the city of Hot Springs, Arkansas. ACTS APPROVED-Continued Approved March 11, 1980 H.J. Res. 434 --- —------ Public Law 96-204 A joint resolution to authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating April 6 through 12, 1980, "National Medic Alert Week". H.R. 891 --- —---------- Private Law 96-48 An act for the relief of Barbara Laws Smith. H.R. 1559 --- —--------- Private Law 96-49 An act for the relief of Neila Ruiz Hedlund. Approved March 12, 1980 H.R. 3756 --- —-------- Public Law 96-205 An act to authorize appropriations for certain insular areas of the United States, and for other purposes. S.J. Res. 149 --- —----- Public Law 96-206 A joint resolution to recognize the Honorable Carl Vinson on the occasion of the christening of the United States Ship Carl Vinson, March 15, 1980. Approved March 13, 1980 H.J. Res. 493 --- —------ Public Law 96-207 A joint resolution providing for the appointment of William G. Bowen as a citizen regent of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. H.J. Res. 494 --- —------ Public Law 96-208 A joint resolution providing for the appointment of Carlisle H. Humelsine as a citizen regent of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Approved March 14, 1980 H.R. 4337 --- —-------- Public Law 96-209 An act to provide for the transfer of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States to the United States Department of Justice as a separate agency in that Department; to provide for the authority and responsibility of the Department of Justice to supply to the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission certain administrative support services without altering the adjudicatory independence of the Commission; to change the terms of office and method of appointment of the members of the Commission, and for other purposes. 494; --- — - -- -- -1_.. Week Ending Friday, March 21, 1980 Allard K. Lowenstein Statement on the Death of the Former U.S. Representative From New York. March 15, 1980 The senseless and violent death of Allard K. Lowenstein has cut short a life devoted to reason and justice. From the sit-ins to the campuses to the halls of Congress, Al Lowenstein was a passionate fighter for a more humane, more democratic world. In the civil rights and antiwar movements, his eloquent dedication to nonviolent change inspired many thousands of Americans. As my administration's representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and the United Nations Trusteeship Council, he was an effective spokesman for democracy around the world and for justice and reconciliation in southern Africa. I deplore the act of violence which took Mr. Lowenstein's life, and Rosalynn and I extend our deepest sympathy to his children and to the countless friends he made in a life of service to his fellow human beings. NOTE: The former Congressman was fatally shot in his New York law office on March 14. National League of Cities Remarks at the Annual Congressional-City Conference. March 17, 1980 To be here with you this afternoon, to listen to my good friend, President Jessie Rattley, describe the emotional feelings which she has on occasion like this and to listen very raptly to her moving words, to see your expression of welcome and friendship and applause has alleviated at least partly my trepidation-[laughter]about coming to meet with you on this very sobering occasion. It's good to see my old friends. And if you're still friends after my Friday speech, then I know you'll be there when the going gets tough, and I thank you for it. This is not an easy time for me. I would guess the last 2 weeks has been perhaps the most difficult that I've experienced since I've been in the White House. With domestic and international problems and challenges before us as Americans, a time of testing is obvious to us all. What we do in this Nation affects not only our own lives but the lives of almost every human being on Earth. How we react to challenge, how we address difficult problems, how we resolve troubling questions, whether or not we demonstrate unity when we are tested, whether we depart from our principles and our ideals or whether we stand firm and rely on them in a time of trial is watched very closely, not only here in our great Nation but in every nation on Earth. I have enjoyed and deeply appreciated my partnership with you. Two years ago, I began to implement, along with you, the Nation's first comprehensive urban policy, and we've made tremendous progress under this partnership. Together, we've increased Federal grants-in-aid substantially to the State and to local governments, both cities and 495 Mar. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 counties. But equally important, we have made possible new incentives for renewal of spirit and a marshaling, through matching commitments and matching funds, of the tremendous resources available to us from private parts of the free enterprise system of our Nation-all this done for the benefit of the people who live in the communities which you serve and also which I serve. Your constituencies are mine. Your problems are mine. Your opportunities are mine. And the fact that a President of our great country has the kind of relationship with the city and local officials of the same Nation is indeed reassuring, not only to us in this room but to those who look to us for the benefits of that leadership in the future. I'm proud of what we've done, and at a different time I would like to discuss in detail with you the accomplishments of our partnership. But today is an extraordinary time in America. All of our progress, all of the efforts which you and I've made together, all of our renewed hopes are imperiled because of domestic and worldwide inflation, which has escalated dramatically in the last few weeks. Oil prices have increased 109 percent in the last 12 months, worldwide. Last month in our Nation alone, energy prices went up 7V/2 percent in 1 month-a 90 -percent inflation rate in energy. Interest rates have had to climb to stay above the rate of inflation to make borrowing possible at all. And these two factors have ignited a firestorm this year that could permanently change the world economy and could permanently change our way of life. Inflation has indeed burst through its previous limits and threatens to rage out of control. In the last 2 reporting months, for instance, the annualized wholesale inflation rates in Great Britain, in Italy, even in Japan have all exceeded 25 percent. In some other nations it's much higher. In some major nations the inflation rate has been more than 100 percent. Here in our own country, the producer price indexformerly called the wholesale price index-has increased recently at an annualized rate of almost 20 percent. We must act, we must act together, to turn this tide. Nobody knows this better than city officials, because you are caught between skyrocketing prices and relatively frozen local revenues that fall increasingly behind what you need. Each new round of cost increases drives down the purchasing power of the State and Federal funds which you receive. Wage demands, cutback in services, tax protests, business uncertainty, and budget deficits are growing more intense. There has been a virtual collapse of the bond market, which has shut off the long-term credit to cities. Once more, needed capital improvements must wait while buildings and facilities begin to deteriorate. Wherever we look, we see inflation clouding our future. And the fact that America is better off than most other nations is not any particular reassurance to us. Decent health care, home-ownership, business prosperity, a better life for those we serve, for working families, help for the elderly and the poor, justice for those who've suffered from deprivation and discrimination-these and other dreams can and will slip away if inflation continues. Even more importantly, inflation is a threat to our national security. Unless controlled, it will sap our strength, our world leadership, our national unity, and with it, eventually American ideals. That is why, after a torturous and very difficult and extended consultative period, I announced an intensified anti-inflation effort this past week. First, I announced that the 1981 budget 496 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 1 7 will be a balanced budget. Congressional leaders, who met on their own-invited my key advisers in and met frequently with me; sometimes they met 10 hours a day, 6, 8, 10 days without stopping-have pledged themselves to support this commitment of a balanced budget, Democrats and Republicans alike, an unprecedented occurrence in the constitutional history of our Nation. This will be our first balanced budget in 12 years, and since the budget was last balanced, we have added about one half trillion dollars to our Federal debt. This is the second balanced budget in 20 years, since 1961. I also intend to cut immediately this year's allocation of funds and expenditures, and I will veto any bill which threatens this balanced budget for next year. I will use my full Presidential powers to maintain budget discipline and fiscal responsibility on the Federal Government. Second, under the Credit Control Act of 1969, I've empowered the Federal Reserve Board to take action to curb the inflationary expansion of private credit. Americans recently have only been saving 3 percent of their earnings, almost the lowest percentage of saving in the history of our country. Only one quarter, I understand, during the Korean war, did it get this low. Savings rates in other countries like Japan and Germany run 20, 25 percent; in our country only 3 percent. As a result of these challenges and the result of the action I've authorized, the Federal Reserve will restrain consumer revolving credit and other unsecured consumer loans, and impose new restrictions on money market funds and certain financial or commercial banks. Also, the Federal Reserve is undertaking a voluntary program with banks to restrain nonproductive loans. This next statement is important. These restraints will not restrict home mortgages, automobile loans, or credit for small businesses or for farmers. In fact, this kind of restraint on nonproductive lending will encourage the flow of credit for the kinds of productive needs which are important to our country. Third, I'm strengthening our voluntary program of wage and price standards that have involved business and labor and the public sector in the recommendations made to me in the so-called national accord. I consider it extremely important that as we go into these difficult days ahead that a common approach hammered out over a long period of time by public representatives, business representatives, and labor representatives, will be the guiding restraints for us in pay or wage settlements in the future. Last year, these same kinds of voluntary restraints helped keep wage increases well below the price of consumer goods. In fact, overall wage increases in 1979 were lower than they were the previous year in 1978. Strengthening this accord or this partnership can sustain the same kind of moderation through 1980 without the distortions and inequities that always result from mandatory wage and price controls. Fourth, I've imposed a conservation fee on imported oil that will raise gasoline prices 10 cents a gallon. I will propose to Congress a direct gasoline tax to replace this emergency measure. This fee targets only gasoline. It will not increase at all the profits of the oil companies. Gasoline accounts for some 40 percent of all the oil that we use. This fee, by itself, will result in a reduction in gasoline consumption and, therefore, oil imports of 100,000 barrels per day the first year, and after about 3 years will re 497 es ---- - *, Mar. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 duce our gasoline consumption and our oil imports by 250,000 barrels a day. This means that for 1980 we expect our gasoline consumption on U.S. highways to decrease 400,000 barrels per day. And finally, I'm calling for structural changes in our economy to encourage savings and productivity and innovation. I've called on Congress to pass quickly the regulatory reform act, trucking deregulation, and the phasing out of ceilings on savings account interest to encourage small investors to save and to increase the inflationary pressures of consumer credit. When I am absolutely certain that the 1981 budget will indeed be balancedand I am sure that this will be accomplished-I will then, and only then, consider tax reductions further to increase savings, to stimulate productivity, and to lead to increased business investment. Now is a time for discipline for all of us and not a time for promises or for politics as usual. In choosing these anti-inflationary measures, I examined a wide range of options. Page after page after page of ideas and options were carefully assessed. I undertook extraordinary consultations with the Congress, and I sought a proper balance that will not jeopardize our important national goals or eliminate programs that benefit those who are most vulnerable to inflation. But I would like to interlineate here to say that the ones who are the most deprived, the ones whose incomes are lowest, the ones whose incomes are most fixed, the ones who do not have the capacity or the flexibility to move from one place to another or shop extensively for the bargains, who cannot leave a job or leave a community because of the afflictions on them-those are the ones who suffer most from inflation. In the end, there is no sugar-coated pill that can be administered to an economi cally suffering America. What I've advocated is strong medicine; it's bitter medicine. It will mean our first real belt-tightening since World War II, when we were fighting together against fascism. We're fighting today against an invisible enemy, but it is a very dangerous enemy and we are in for a long fight. Nothing short of stern measures will stop inflation from destroying our economy and perhaps even our way of life. There are no easy answers, there are no magic solutions, and anyone who tells you differently is either wrong or dishonest. I will be consulting rapidly, day in and day out, as quickly as I possibly can, with all the leaders of the agencies of the Federal Government, with the key Members of Congress, and with other American leaders like you and your chosen officials. The specific budget reductions which I announce later on this month will affect everyone in this room and all those whom you serve. They go beyond simply eliminating waste. There will be cuts in good programs, in worthwhile programs which I've supported and which you and I have developed and supported together. There will be less Federal aid to cities, but a sharper focusing of what there is in those communities where the need is greatest. Everyone must share in this common effort. There will be less even for defense programs which are not directly related to combat readiness. There are times when all of us, and particularly public officials, have to face painful budget decisions. I ask for your support in imposing and maintaining this fiscal discipline. A balanced budget alone obviously cannot stop inflation right now, but it can help to stabilize financial markets, and it can allow interest rates to moderate, and it can take the pressure off monetary policy. And it can demonstrate that 498 I Ir I I o pmo II Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 17 Washington and the United States is willing to lead. The conservation fee on oil alone will add to everyone's cost of driving-I know that. But along with the energy program which is now nearing passage in the Congress and which will be expedited, it can help slash oil imports. This will not only help our Nation directly but will also lessen demand for scarce oil supplies and tend to stabilize the international petroleum markets. The world simply cannot accommodate another year during which international oil prices more than double. It's our responsibility as the world's greatest consumer of oil to do all we can to reduce our wasteful consumption. I'm deeply grateful for what the American people have done since I've been President. The first year I was in office, we imported 8.8 million barrels of oil every day. We have already cut that a million barrels a day. And with this program, we'll cut it even more. But we have got to stop demanding so much oil from the limited international reservoirs, which drives up prices because of intense competition for scarce supplies. And the loss of our national wealth to OPEC nations has become a torrent that only significant conservation here and increased energy production can stop. We can expect to pay this year $80 billion to foreign countries to buy their oilan average for every family in America of more than $1,500. Just think how many jobs and how much better quality of life for our people could be paid for with $1,500 per family, now going to foreign countries to buy their oil. I have struggled with this problem for the last 3 years. And I remember very well when I said that the energy challenge was the moral equivalent of war-the jokes that were made about it and the scorn that was heaped upon it. But, unfortunately, what we projected then has more and more rapidly come to pass, and we have got to have a common American approach to meet this challenge. Our Nation is the economic leader of the world, and we must not shirk our responsibility. The world is watching us today to see what kind of people we have become. So far, it sees what is obvious to us: We have not been living within our means. We have been spending our savings and spending our capital and going deeper and more dangerously in debt, not just the Federal Government but the American society and American families as well. The world is asking if we have become too self-indulgent. It asks if we can accept responsibility and share among ourselves the necessary sacrifices. And we must ask ourselves the same questions. We must ask if we have the realism and the discipline to live within our means, to recognize that we cannot spend or tax or decree or regulate or legislate our way out of inflation, and to recognize also that it is not going to be a quick task to resolve. It's going to take years to overcome this problem permanently. The early indications from the international markets today in Europe and also in Japan are very encouraging. Gold prices have dropped today. The dollar has strengthened greatly today. Our clear message has been received by our trading partners and friends throughout the world. The domestic markets are cautious, relatively stable, and I am pleased with what has occurred so far. I've brought to you, as responsible American leaders, a stern message. I've not tried to recruit your political approbation, I've not tried to assuage your deep concerns; I've tried to tell you the truth. And I cannot promise you instant or pain 499 Mar. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 less results. The inflation rate may very well go up some more before it starts down. I believe that later on this year it will drop substantially. All the economic advisers agree to this, if you and I together can carry out this program of fiscal responsibility and devote the time-and the patience which will be required to reduce inflation and then to control it. But this message of discipline and the restraint can give hope that we are capable of solving this most serious problem. It can give us hope, in doing this, that we can save something priceless in America-our deep commitment to help each other when we are in trouble. Uncontrolled inflation could shatter that commitment. It could engender among us cynicism, despair, and selfishness. It could rob us of the idealism that makes us a great and compassionate people. Beginning now, let us resolve to fight inflation together, to make those necessary sacrifices that will permit us to lead our people at every level of government. I believe, as the President of the greatest Nation on Earth, that we can do it. It's within us to turn back inflation, to lay the foundation of a bright, and even brighter, future. The permanent benefits to our individual constituents and to our Nation will far outweigh the temporary inconvenience and the transient disappointments. The permanent benefitsthat's what we must work to achieve. Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote, "The lesson of life is to believe what the years and the centuries say, against the hours." The hours tell us the transient message that our future is somewhat troubled, but the years tell us and the centuries tell us that America is strong and that each challenge that we face together makes us even stronger. Let us exercise the realism and discipline of a free people and make that mes sage ring true. Through challenge met with courage in freedom, our Nation will be stronger. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 1:45 p.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. He was introduced by Vice Mayor Jessie Rattley, of Newport News, Va., president of the National League of Cities. St. Patrick's Day Remarks at a White House Celebration. March 17, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. We are honored tonight to have all of you, of course, but particularly to have the Foreign Minister of Ireland. Would you come on up? MR. LENIHAN. Yes. THE PRESIDENT. Great. Thank you very much. MR. LENIHAN. I am very pleased, Mr. President, to present you with a vase of Irish shamrock. It comes straight from the old sod, and it is presented to the President of the United States of America by the Irish Government for whom I have the honor to act in this respect. And a shamrock presentation on St. Patrick's Day is designed to bring great good luck to the recipient. And to Mrs. Carter, whom I admired today in the St. Patrick's Day parade in New York-I said to myself, "Well, if the President is a good politician, there is a better one." [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. Since the shamrock from Ireland brings good luck to everyone, Millie, why don't you take some of it and pass back and let everybody have a piece. This is genuine-and, Rosalynn, you keep your eye on the vase. [Laughter] I've learned a little about the Irish since I've been-[laughter] 500 ~- I I *-It ON —A 0 P — t ON —& 0 Z; P —+ t 0 H m 0 -0 C D m 0 OM" H 0 0 m) C Overleaf: With members of the United States 1980 Winter Olympic team on the South Portico of the White House, February 25. Left: At a meeting with Hispanic ministers in the Oval Office, February 13. Below: Talking with United Nations Secretary-General Waldheim and Secretary of State Vance in the Oval Office, January 6. Above right: Signing the message designating February as Afro-American (Black) History Month in the Cabinet Room, January 15. Below right: In the Oval Office with actress Sophia Loren and House Speaker O'Neill, representatives of the National Alliance for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Maltreatment, January 28. I.I — Left. Discussing the situation in Iran with reporters in the Oval Office, April 1. Below: Welcoming Prime Minister Begin to the White House, April 15. Right: Meeting with President Sadat in the Rose Garden, April 8. ~sa 1- s Ti* s 'L4 -t, I i! 2 , 1 - I i. -4K. I I 1, "I i ";j;"! RV IIIA, Nlpw, I 7 I Z, 0.14 "IIr t 04-3."Al 0 - I 11 Above: At the swearing-in ceremony for Secretary of State Muskie in the East Room, May 8. Left: With Rocco Arizzi, 1980 National Poster Child for the Muscular Dystrophy Association, in the Oval Office, March 11. Right: At the memorial service for American servicemen killed during the hostage rescue attempt in Iran, at Arlington National Cemetery, May 9. n Cal 4 h I. I 7,. tll ".'' Left: With daughter Amy during a St. Patrick's Day celebration at the White House, March 17. Below: Meeting with former President Ford in the Oval Office, March 13. Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 1 7 Well, it is an honor for us to have you here on this delightful celebration of St. Patrick's Day. We had the opportunity to shake hands with all of you and to let you feel welcome here at the White House. The shamrock, as you know, not only has a sense of symbolism to bind all people together on St. Patrick's Day but it also has a deep spiritual significance, not only to those who still live in Ireland but to those whose ancestors lived there and have gone to different places on Earth, particularly to the United States, to build our country into an even greater place. We are grateful, too, that we had a chance to build a special, large shamrock in frontmaybe one of the largest ones that's ever been in the White House, at least the last 3 years. And when I've been in the St. Patrick's Day parades in different places around the Nation, but particularly in Savannah, Georgia, I've always noticed a spirit of brotherhood and affection and excitement and joy and a kind of sense that there's a special pleasure in life that ought to be nurtured and brought out to the surface at least once a year, and kept there the whole year if possible. And if anybody knows how to do it, it's the Irish. And I'm glad St. Patrick's Day comes along to remind all of us Irishmen that we can do it and maintain it. We have a special honoree tonight. The sons of the O'Neill clan were kings in Ulster in ancient days. We have one of their sons here with us tonight as the man that we are honoring. He's a common man. He represents a lot of common Americans who look to him for leadership and also see within him not only a sense of leadership but humility. He's an uncommon leader. He's the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States of America, Tip O'Neill. Tip, we're glad to have you. To those of you who are here from foreign nations, you may not know that the Speaker of the House of Representatives enjoys a very special place under the United States Constitution. He not only presides over 435 Congress Members from all over our Nation but is the third in line of succession to the Presidency itself. It's a distinguished position. It's one that is being formed into kind of a custom in our Nation, a tradition of letting Massachusetts Irish politicians hand it down from one to another. [Laughter] John McCormack handed it down to Tip O'Neill, with one brief interlude, and this is the kind of custom that appeals to all Irish leaders, no matter where they might live. We have a sense, though, that it needs two things: One is longevity which Tip certainly has-and the other one is the ability to survive in a tough political environment and to build up political seniority. It's a kind of commitment that should be nurtured by all Americans. And I'm particularly hopeful that all the Irish politicians of Boston will be able to keep their present position for a long time in the future. [Laughter] There's another special person here tonight-one that I admire and one that I love. Tip has loved her longer. They've been married now for about 40 years, and I'd like to introduce Millie. I understand that this is the first time in the 40 years that Millie has ever seen Tip sober on St. Patrick's Day. [Laughter] As a matter of fact, this is the first time in 40 years that Tip O'Neill and Millie have ever been together on St. Patrick's Day evening. Right, Tip? Right, Millie? [Laughter] At least before the wee hours of the morning. [Laughter] And we're particularly grateful that we were the ones to break up that tradition of being apart on St. Patrick's Day evening. He's been remarkably well 501 Mar. 1 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 behaved tonight so far, and I'm indeed grateful that Millie's here to help me chaperone this evening. We have also a special program now, one that could not do other than appeal to all people who have Irish blood or Irish ideas on St. Patrick's Day evening. The Irish American contribution to America is broad and exciting and delightful and appreciated by all those who live in our great land. I won't go into the great contribution of architecture and sports and politics tonight, but in culture and music we particularly want to recognize the Irish American contribution tonight. How many of you know the famous Irish motion picture director-perhaps the greatest who ever lived-Sean Aloysius O'Feeney? You know? How many of you know him-would you raise your hands? Anybody? Two hands. [Laughter] Three hands. He's known by most of us as John Ford. And he made, as you know, some of the great movies of all time and really learned how to make the western movie into a genuine work of art. One of his famous and favorite actors was named Marion Morrison. How many of you know who Marion Morrison is? A little bit better. John Wayne, right. Not all the Irish who came over here went under a pseudonym, and we're glad that I can mention a few more right now. I think John Wayne is probably the favorite actor of our time. He's a man who is beloved. Recently the Congress authorized the striking of a special medal to commemorate what John Wayne has meant, not only to our Nation but to the world. And we'll be giving that award here-I, as President, on behalf of the Congress-when the medal has been completed. Eugene O'Neill, perhaps the greatest American playwright. F. Scott Fitzgerald, an author who brought into the realiza tion of Americans' minds what the jazz age meant, but made it a perpetual contribution to American literature. Edwin O'Connor, one of Tip's and my favorite authors, who wrote "The Last Hurrah." Tip recommended it to me several years ago. I studied it. [Laughter] It seemed to work for me everywhere except in Boston. [Laughter] And perhaps one of Georgia's greatest authors and contributors to the American literary scene, Flannerv O'Connor. Daniel Decatur Emmett-how many of you know who Daniel Decatur Emmett is? He wrote a very wonderful song forJames Dickey knows who it is. Let me ask James Dickey to stand up-one of the greatest poets alive today, and the only person in the audience who knew that Daniel Decatur Emmett wrote "Dixie." Thank you, Jim. And George M. Cohan, another Irish American, who wrote "Yankee Doodle Dandy." And another tough movie performer, who brought George M. Cohan to the screen. Anybody? Jimmy Cagney, right. Well, I could go on and on, but I won't because I want to save time for a wonderful program tonight. The Irish not only contributed words and music but also wit. One of the great leaders who preceded me here in this White House, John F. Kennedy, was asked one time, "What is your favorite song?" He said, "Well, I think 'Hail to the Chief' has a certain lilt to it." [Laughter] That's not the only thing he and I have in common, by the way. [Laughter] Well, it would be hard to describe what made the Irish great. I think perhaps love of the land is a tradition that was brought here from Ireland and has permeated the consciousness of America. A deep religious faith is unshaken and a characteristic of the Irish; a love of a stable family and a 502 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 18 realization that our society is built on that close family relationship; a love of life. These are the kinds of ideals and traditions which we have seen transplanted to our soil. And they have been nurtured and they have thrived. And I am very grateful tonight to bring to a close my own introduction of the program and my expression of thanks to the Irish by giving a well-known toast, which Tip can recite verbatim: "May the road rise up to meet you, Tip. May the wind be always at your back. May the sun shine warm upon your face, and the rains fall soft upon your fields. And until we meet again, may God hold you in the palm of his hand, and may you be in heaven a half-hour before the Devil knows you're dead." God bless you. NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 8:15 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Refugee Act of 1980 Statement on Signing S. 643 Into Law. March 18, 1980 It gives me great pleasure to sign into law S. 643, the Refugee Act of 1980, which revises provisions for refugee admissions and assistance. This legislation is an important contribution to our efforts to strengthen U.S. refugee policies and programs. The Refugee Act reflects our long tradition as a haven for people uprooted by persecution and political turmoil. In recent years, the number of refugees has increased greatly. Their suffering touches all and challenges us to help them, often under difficult circumstances. The Refugee Act improves procedures and coordination to respond to the often massive and rapidly changing refugee problems that have developed recently. It establishes a new admissions policy that will permit fair and equitable treatment of refugees in the United States, regardless of their country of origin. It allows us to change annual admissions levels in response to conditions overseas, policy considerations, and resources available for resettlement. The new procedures will also ensure thorough consideration of admissions questions by both the Congress and the administration. Moreover, the Refugee Act will help refugees in this country become self-sufficient and contributing members of society. Until now, resettlement has been done primarily by private persons and organizations. They have done an admirable job, but the large numbers of refugees arriving now create new strains and problems. Clearly, the Federal Government must play an expanded role in refugee programs. The Refugee Act is the result of close cooperation between the administration and the Congress, with important support from those who work directly with refugees in State and local governments and private groups. Everyone who worked so long on its passage can be proud of this contribution to improved international and domestic refugee programs and to our humanitarian traditions. NOTE: As enacted, S. 643 is Public Law 96-212, approved March 17. Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980 Statement on Signing H.R. 3398 Into Law. March 18, 1980 Today I am signing into law the "Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980," a meas 503 Mar. 18 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ure that will help maintain the economic viability of our farm economy without contributing to food price inflation. The immediate risk of farm price disasters falls upon farmers. But the longer term risk of the collapse of farm prices falls on consumers, through production interruptions and price increases for meat, milk, and fiber. This bill increases our protections against such interruptions. This bill extends the disaster payment program, which covers a portion of the losses associated with crop failure, and imposes a new limitation on the amount of such payments. The bill also amends, in two significant ways, the landmark Food and Agriculture Act of 1977. First, it adjusts the level of income protection made available to those farmers who participate in the commodity programs authorized by the 1977 act. This adjustment has been made necessary by the very rapid increase in the cost of producing wheat and feed grains. While the level of protection made possible by this authority is still below the total cost of production, it does provide protection for farmers in the event of depressed market prices. And it does this without government action that would raise prices or fuel inflation. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3398 is Public Law 96-213, approved March 18. Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee Executive Order 12202. March 18, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, and in order to establish, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Com mittee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I), a committee to advise on the progress of Federal and State authorities and the nuclear power industry in improving the safety of nuclear power and in implementing the approved recommendations of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-1. Establishment of the Committee. 1-101. There is established the Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee. 1-102. The membership of the Committee shall be composed of five persons appointed by the President from among citizens who do not receive a salary from the Federal government. The President shall designate a Chairman from among the members of the Committee. 1-2. Functions of the Committee. 1-201. The Committee shall periodically report to the President, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare the Committee's advice on the progress being made in improving nuclear safety. The Committee's report shall also advise on the progress being made in implementing those recommendations of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island which were approved by the President (December 7, 1979). 1-202. The Committee shall advise on the extent of progress made by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in effecting management, substantive, and procedural reforms to improve safety. The Committee shall evaluate the recommendations of the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission concerning the possible modification of the responsibilities of the Advisory Committee for Reactor Safety. 1-203. The Committee shall advise as to whether or not the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the nuclear power in 504 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 18 dustry are fulfilling their responsibilities in upgrading the capabilities and training of utility operating and management personnel. 1-204. The Committee shall evaluate the progress being made in making or encouraging technical modifications to power reactors to improve safety, including improved control room design, and evaluate the Federal program in safety research. 1-205. The Committee shall advise on the success of developing a coordinated program to improve worker and public health safety. 1-206. The Committee shall advise on the progress of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in its review of State and local off-site emergency planning and preparedness, and evaluate the progress of State and local governments in establishing emergency response plans. 1-207. The Committee shall evaluate the progress being made in improving public information on nuclear safety and shall evaluate the progress of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in coordinating any Federal response to potential nuclear emergencies. 1-208. To the extent the Committee deems it necessary to carry out its other functions, the Committee shall monitor the activities of Federal and State agencies and the nuclear power industry. 1-209. The Committee shall enter into agreements with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Department of Energy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and other Federal agencies, as well as State agencies and the nuclear power industry on procedures for obtaining the information necessary to monitor their activities and to carry out the Committee's advisory functions. 1-210. The Committee shall include in its reports the Committee's advice as to the adequacy of the information it has received from Federal and State agencies and from the nuclear power industry; and, its assessment of the cooperation it has received from them. 1-211. The Committee shall prepare and transmit to the President, as soon as possible, a report on the progress of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and of the nuclear utilities in upgrading the selection criteria and the training of utility operating personnel. The Committee shall report to the President its other findings, evaluations, and recommendations from time to time as it deems appropriate, but in any event, at least once a year. 1-3. Administrative Provisions. 1-301. The Chairman of the Committee is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation of a staff of such persons as may be necessary to discharge the Committee's responsibilities, subject to the applicable provisions of law, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended, and Title 5 of the United States Code. 1-302. To the extent authorized by law and requested by the Chairman of the Committee, the General Services Administration shall provide the Committee with necessary administrative services, facilities, and support on a reimbursable basis. 1-303. The Department of Energy and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare shall, to the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of funds, provide the Committee with such facilities, support, funds and services, as may be necessary for the effective performance of the Committee's functions. 1-304. The Committee may request any Executive agency to furnish such information, advice or assistance it deems nec 505 Mar. 18 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 essary to carry out its functions. Each agency shall, to the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of funds, furnish the information, advice or assistance requested by the Chairman of the Committee. 1-305. Each member of the Committee may receive compensation at the maximum rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for each day such member is engaged in the work of the Committee (5 U.S.C. 3109 and rules pursuant to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended). Each member may also receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence (5 U.S.C. 5702 and 5703). 1-4. General Provisions. 1-401. The functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended, which are applicable to the Committee, except that of reporting annually to the Congress, shall be performed by the Administrator of General Services. 1-402. The Committee shall terminate on September 30, 1980. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 18, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:10 a.m., March 19, 1980] John M. Slack Statement on the Death of the U.S. Representative From West Virginia. March 18, 1980 Rosalynn and I were saddened to learn today of the death of Congressman John Slack. Throughout West Virginia he will long be remembered as a Congressman who helped the people of his Third District to solve their problems and represented them well in Washington. Those who knew him in his long career in the U.S. House of Representatives will best remember his dedication, integrity, and sense of honor. We wish to extend our deepest sympathies to his wife, Frances, his son, John, his grandchildren, and his brother, William. National Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week, 1980 Proclamation 4737. March 18, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Throughout the history of the United States, our progress as a Nation has been closely tied to our progress in transportation. As the Nation grew, so did its need for mobility. In the last century, this need was well served by expanding networks of railroads and canals. Today, the need is served by a broader range of systems, including motor vehicles and aircraft. The generations of men and women who pioneered these systems stand high in the ranks of those who made America great. But new demands are constantly being made on our capacity to move people and the goods they produce. Today's systems must change if they are to handle the demographic changes and the energy problems of tomorrow. Once again we look to the people in our transportation industry to innovate-and to provide rapid, dependable, safe and efficient transportation to meet the needs of the future. 506 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 1 9 Acknowledging the importance of the U.S. transportation system, the Congress by joint resolution of May 16, 1957 (71 Stat. 30, 36 U.S.C. 160), requested the President to proclaim the third Friday in May of each year as National Defense Transportation Day, and, by joint resolution of May 14, 1962 (76 Stat. 69, 36 U.S.C. 166), requested the President to proclaim the week on which that Friday falls as National Transportation Week. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Friday, May 16, 1980, as National Defense Transportation Day, and the week beginning May 11, 1980, as National Transportation Week. I urge all Governors, appropriate Federal officials, transportation organizations, and the people of the United States to join with the U.S. Department of Transportation in observing this day and week in honor of the vital role that the commercial transportation industry plays in our daily lives, in national defense, and in the future of an energy-secure America. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighteenth day of March in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:09 a.m., March 19, 1980] Federal Advisory Committees Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. March 19, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the provisions of Section 6(c) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Public Law 92-463), I am transmitting the eighth annual report on the status of Federal advisory committees. This report reflects a continuation of the efforts to achieve the objectives I set in 1977: to assure that unnecessary committees are terminated, and new committees are established only when they are essential to meet the responsibilities of the government. At the end of 1979: -The total number of committees was 820; -Although the number of committees required by statute increased (from 312 to 338), the number established under agency authority decreased (from 246 to 222); and -Since the beginning of 1977 the total number of committees has been reduced by 339 (from 1,159). JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 19, 1980. NOTE: The report is entitled "Federal Advisory Committees, Eighth Annual Report of the President Covering the Calendar Year 1979 -March 1980" (Government Printing Office, 144 pages). United Nations Nomination of Joan Edelman Spero To Be U.S. Representative on the Economic and Social Council. March 19,1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Joan Edelman Spero, of New York City, to be the U.S. Representative on the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, with the rank of Ambassador. She would replace Melissa F. Wells, resigned. Spero has been an assistant professor of political science at Columbia University since 1973. She was born October 2, 1944, in 507 Mar. 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Davenport, Iowa. She received a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1966 and an M.A. (1968) and Ph. D. (1973) from Columbia University. Spero is the author of two books and numerous articles on international economics. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Foreign Policy Association. National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs Nomination of Maria C. Bechily To Be a Member. March 19, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Maria C. Bechily, of Chicago, Ill., to be a member of the National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs. Bechily, 31, is president of Ms. Executive Search, an executive search organization specializing in placing women and Hispanic executives. She was previously a counselor and placement specialist for the on-the-job training program of the Chicago Alliance of Business and Manpower Services. National Council on Educational Research Nomination of Robert E. Nederlander To Be a Member. March 19, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Robert E. Nederlander, of Birmingham, Mich., to be a member of the National Council on Educational Research. He would replace Betsy Levin, resigned. Nederlander is president of the Detroit law firm of Nederlander, Dodge & Mc Cauley, P.C., and executive vice president and director of Nederlander Theatrical Corp., owner and/or operator of the largest chain of legitimate theaters in the country outside of New York. He was born April 10, 1933, in Detroit. He received a B.A. in economics in 1955 and a J.D. in 1958 from the University of Michigan. Nederlander has been a regent of the University of Michigan since 1968. He is active in civic, philanthropic, and political affairs. National Commission on Air Quality Appointment of John J. Sheehan as a Member. March 19, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of John J. Sheehan, of Washington, D.C., as a member of the National Commission on Air Quality. Sheehan is assistant to the president of the United Steelworkers of America and legislative director of the AFL-CIO. He is an expert on occupational safety and health as it affects labor. He serves on the American Lung Association's Occupational Health Committee, the National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety and Health, and the board of the Society for Occupational and Environmental Health. President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations Appointment of 11 Members. March 19, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of 11 members of the Presi 508 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 20 dent's Commission on United StatesLiberian Relations. They are: THEODORE R. HAGANS, JR., a Washington, D.C., businessman, developer of the New Fort Lincoln residential community, and president of the National Business League. ROBERT J. LOWEN, president of the Masters, Mates, and Pilots Division of the International Longshoremen's Association. He is a graduate of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy and has been master of U.S. flagship merchant vessels for 15 years. He has worked with Liberian officials to establish training procedures for merchant marine officers. JAMES H. McGEE, mayor of Dayton, Ohio. Dayton is the sister city of Monrovia, Liberia. LEANN J. McGRANAHAN, a student in the doctoral program in agricultural economics at Iowa State University and a former Peace Corps volunteer in Liberia. EUNICE LOCKHART Moss, president of a management consulting firm for small businesses in Milwaukee, Wis., and a former participant in such programs as the Overseas Development Council Transnational Dialogue Project. FRANK E. PINDER, a former official of the U.S. Agency for International Development with extensive experience in economic development in Liberia. THOMAS QUEEN, executive director of California Regional of Oakland, Calif., an investment banking firm. PREZELL R. ROBINSON, president of St. Augustine's College, Raleigh, N.C. He is a former scholar in residence at Nairobi University. RANDALL M. ROBINSON, executive director of TransAfrica, a Washington-based lobby for Africa and the Caribbean. CARLETON M. STEWART, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of American Security Corporation and American Security Bank. He served for 4 years as senior vice president of Citibank for South Asia, Middle East, and Africa. JAMES M. WALL, editor of Christian Century magazine. The President of the Senate has designated Senator S. I. Hayakawa of California as a member of the Commission. On February 22, when the establishment of this Commission was announced, it was announced that Congressman Wil liam H. Gray III will serve as Chair and that Andrew F. Brimmer, an international economist, will serve as Vice Chair. National Energy Education Day Remarks on Signing Proclamation 4738. March 20, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. This event today will have, I think, a far-reaching and beneficial effect on our Nation. And I'd like to read the proclamation before I sign it. It is entitled "National Energy Education Day: By the President of the United States, A Proclamation." [At this point, the President read the proclamation and then resumed speaking as follows.] I will now sign the proclamation and reserve the right to say just a few more words. [Laughter] There are only two ways that we can reduce the imports of oil from foreign countries. One is to increase production of American energy of all kinds-and we have been blessed with tremendous reserves compared to other nations-and the other is to conserve the energy supplies that we have from all sources. We have made some progress. It has not yet been adequate, but it's been steady. We've more than reduced imports by a million barrels a day-and we expect to make even greater progress this year-since I've been in office, in 1977. One of the major opportunities that has not yet been explored is to educate our young people-who can be just as effective, perhaps even more so, than many adults-in the facts about energy, what the opportunities are for conservation, and how they themselves can help. In homes, on the job, in transportation-there is a tremendous opportunity not only for young people to learn but also to educate 509 Mar. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 their parents about the facts concerning how we can solve our energy problem through conservation. A recent analysis has shown that there is an abysmal lack of information within the public school system among the students about basic facts concerning energy. And this designation of a national day for energy education is a very worthwhile commitment because of the facts that I've just described. I particularly want to express my thanks to those who are assembled around me who have supported this initiative from its very beginnings, and also for the Members of Congress who have passed the resolution leading up to this Presidential proclamation. I'm counting on all of you to do a good job. We will certainly help. Charlie Duncan, the Secretary of Energy, who is standing behind me, has a direct responsibility, working with me, to have an increasingly effective national education policy for our Nation on energy. And this program for energy education-particularly in our private and public schools at all grade levels-will be a great addition to the opportunity which our Nation must realize. Thank you, again, very much. SECRETARY DUNCAN. The education of youth on energy issues is just of fundamental overriding importance. And we at the Department of Energy are trying to give some tangible expression to this need by working with some 9,000 teachers in our system, elementary school and high school. We are distributing more than 1 /2 [million] 1 pieces of literature. And this is a major, high priority effort, because nothing is more important than to get energy issues well understood by young people. This is a very important initiative, Mr. President. 1 White House correction. THE PRESIDENT. I want to thank all of you for helping to bring us to this point, and now we'll help you make it all a success. Thanks, again. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:56 a.m. at the ceremony in the Cabinet Room at the White House. National Energy Education Day Proclamation 4738. March 20, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation During the past decade it has become clear that our Nation faces an increasing shortage of its traditional energy sources. This energy shortage and our growing dependence on foreign energy supplies present a serious threat to the national security of the United States and to the health, safety and welfare of its citizens. In an effort to reduce our dependence on foreign energy, we have embarked on a number of programs aimed at the development of new energy technologies. We have also initiated a comprehensive program to educate the Nation, particularly the Nation's youth, about the consequences of the changing world energy supply. In order to focus our attention on this ongoing program of energy education for the young-in both public and private schools and at all grade levels-and in an effort to bring together teachers, school officials and parent groups to help our children understand the current international energy situation, Congress has by Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 43) proclaimed March 21, 1980, as National Energy Education Day. 510 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 20 Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby call upon all citizens and government officials to observe Friday, March 21, 1980, as National Energy Education Day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. I direct all agencies of the Federal Government to cooperate with and participate in the celebration of National Energy Education Day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:52 p.m., March 20, 1980] White House Briefing on Inflation and Energy Remarks to Community Leaders. March 20, 1980 Before I start talking about energy and inflation questions, which I know you've had described to you very well, I would like to say just a word about the Mideast peace effort. Almost exactly a year ago, on the north side of the White House, we had one of the most exciting experiences of my life, when Begin and Sadat and I signed the Mideast peace treaty. At that time we made plans for the carrying out of the negotiations to establish full autonomy in the West Bank, to provide for Israel's security behind recognized borders, to let the Palestinian issue be resolved in all its aspects, and to let Egypt build on the courageous initiative that Sadat took in going to Jerusalem for a better life for their people and to preserve peace in the Middle East. This is still a major commitment of our country. It's a very complicated issue. It's a very difficult negotiating process in which I've been involved now for almost 2 years. It far transcends in importance the political season, and I'm looking forward the first 2 weeks of April to see both President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin to discuss the progress we've made so far, to have consultations with them about the common ground on which they can stand, to identify the remaining issues on which they differ, and then to turn over all this information to the negotiators, who I presume will be present at the discussions here. We will not have a negotiating session with Begin, Sadat, and myself, but we will prepare for continued progress by the negotiators. This is intimately tied in with the Persian Gulf stability, with the threat to the region in Southwest Asia by the invasion of the Soviet Union, and with energy supplies for our country and also with an overdependence of our Nation on imports of oil from foreign countries. There's no way to separate these issues. A strong, a stable, a peaceful, a friendly Israel is crucial to the Nation's security that I represent, and the same thing obviously applies to Egypt. To the extent that we can be successful in realizing the goals established in the Camp David accords, including the resolution of the Palestinian question, that will go a long way toward assuring or reassuring the world about the supplies of scarce energy in the future and the stability of the world's economic system. I'd like to repeat a few things that I'm sure you've already heard from the speakers who preceded me. I'm sure they've made it plain that our Nation's national 511 Mar. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 security is tied in intimately and inseparably with our economic future, and also that energy and inflation cannot be separated one from another. We will this year import from foreign countries more than $80 billion worth of oil, $80 billion of hard-earned American money sent to foreign countries to buy oil that I hope in the future we will not be purchasing. Eighty billion dollars is a hard number to envision. But for every family in the United States this means that $1,500 will be paid to foreign governments for oil. This not only drains our economy of money that could be used to provide investments, jobs, a brighter hope for the future and inflation, but also makes us overly dependent on uncertain supplies of energy when our Nation ought to be much more self-reliant. Again, this is an extremely complicated issue. There are no easy answers, and the inflationary pressures brought about by uncontrollable foreign oil prices on which we are dependent, along with our allies and friends, is a basic cause of inflationary pressures that are now sweeping the world. We're not as bad off as most of our major trading allies, who in the past have had much more emphasis on controlling inflation, perhaps, than we have had to do. But we see, in the last 12 months, energy prices more than doubling, increasing 109 percent, and in our own Nation in the last month in the producer price index we saw energy prices going up 7 /2 percent in 1 month. This is a 90-percent inflation rate. So, you see in dramatic terms, based on these statistics that I've thrown at you, how closely interrelated foreign policy, our Nation's security, energy supplies, and inflation all are. Ours is the leading nation on Earth. Economically, other countries look to us to lay the groundwork for the future and to solve these apparently insoluble problems so that they can mirror in their own future actions what we do. We obviously learn also from other countries. But the burden of the responsibility is on us. We are not only one of the greatest oil-producing countries, we are by far the greatest oil-consuming Nation. There are only two ways that we can cut down on oil imports, very simple. One is to produce more energy of all kinds in our country, and the other of course, is to save energy, not to waste energy, to have an increasing emphasis on conservation. In 1968 we were a net exporter of energy. The first year I was in office, 1977, we imported an average of 8.8 million barrels of oil every day. I hope that by the end of this year we will have cut that rate by at least a million barrels of oil per day. Now, we hope to halve that level of imports by 1990. We've made good progress, as you can see, with the help of the American people, but it's only really been the last 6 or 8 months, maybe 10 months, that there has been a vivid realization on the part of the average American, "I have got to save energy and stop wasting it, not only for the benefit of my country but also for the benefit of my own family, which is heavily burdened by economic problems which are exacerbated when we waste energy that's so dear and so costly." I hope that you will help me with the anti-inflation program that I presented to the Nation in this same room last Friday. We've had remarkable consultations with the leaders of the Congress, unprecedented. One of the top leaders said we've set constitutional history the last 2, 2'/2 weeks, because we have reached a consensus, not only on the fact that the 1981 budget must be and will be balanced but almost entirely on the specifics that will 512 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 20 be included in the budget reductions that are necessary. There are some differences, but compared to the total effort, they are minor. And even today and tomorrow I will be working, hour in and hour out, to reach an agreement not only with the leaders in Congress but with the agency heads in my own administration, who are now being consulted very rapidly. We have about 25,000 line item entries in the United States budget. So, when we make decisions about what can and cannot be cut, we have to get an exact estimate of how much can be saved. And then when we get through with that, we have to balance the budget, in effect, before it's presented to the Congress, because my voice is the final one representing the administration. I would like to say that in addition to balancing the budget, which is only one element, we also are continuing a strengthened price-control program and a wage or salary or pay program, on a voluntary basis, that is strengthened by the fact that we have not only the Government but also the top labor leaders represented, the top business and management leaders represented, and representatives from the public. So, we have a cooperative attitude, committed in writing, as a matter of fact, among these various elements who are decisionmakers, to make sure we don't exceed the goals that we've set for ourselves. And I'm committed to do my best to make sure that wage increases will not exceed the 82-percent average, which is a common commitment of the groups that I've just described to you. On credit, under the law that was passed in 1969, I've authorized the Federal Reserve to act, and they've acted on their own initiative to try to restrain the wildly escalating levels of revolving or consumer credit that don't really apply directly to the productivity of our country. And we're trying to orient those credit restraints to enhance the opportunity for others to borrow money in a highly competitive market. Those who are making productive investments, buying homes, buying automobiles, farmers, small business people-those are the ones that will be benefited. The last thing I'd like to say is that on the long run we've got to increase productivity, the savings of American people that go back into investments to give us an enhanced or stronger economy, and of course, research and development. But I am not going to consider at all any overall tax reduction program until after we are all assured that the 1981 budget will be balanced. Finally, let me say that we must tell the truth. There cannot be any dissembling, any misleading statements, any equivocation, any falsehood, any false hopes raised in the minds of the American people. The credibility of this entire process is crucial to its success. The process is going to be difficult and painful. That is the truth. There are no easy or simple answers, no magic formulae. That's the truth. The people that we're going to help most by controlling inflation are the ones who need it most, the ones on very low income or fixed incomes, the ones that don't have the flexibility to change jobs or to move to a new neighborhood. Those are the ones that will be benefited most by controlling inflation. That's the truth. The fact that we must have cooperative efforts between myself, the Congress, and all of you leaders in our Nation, that is also the truth. There must be an acceptance of the program, an acknowledgement of its complexity and difficulty and a common realization that what we do the 513 Mar. 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 next few months will indeed shape the quality of life for our people. I am absolutely convinced that our Nation is strong enough to succeed. I feel good about the future. I think the latter part of this year we will see the inflation rate and interest rates going down substantially. I don't have any doubt that we'll succeed in having a balanced budget. We are making the adjustments in the budget very carefully to protect those who are most in need and most vulnerable and also to make some accommodation in the recommendations that I will make to the Congress to protect the communities or cities that are most troubled by economic difficulties. We will meet the budget cuts. We will be at least as stringent in the total level of budget reductions as has the Budget Committee in the House, already having announced some of its programs. And the final thing is another truth. We've got two choices: either to exercise self-discipline on the Federal Government, State and local governments, business, industry, private families; or the other choice is to continue to be suffering from an ever-increasing and rampant inflation, which is the most cruel tax of all. Our Nation is so strong and we are so blessed that sometimes we forget those two basic facts. We've got four times as much energy in this country in reserve as all the OPEC nations combined. And with the innovation and the confidence, the educational level, the capital reserves, the freedom that enhances the contribution of each person in our country, we have a chance to change and to improve the American way of living so that we can go through this temporary inconvenience and transient disappointment time and come out not weaker, but stronger. That's my responsibility as President. It's a responsibility of the leaders like Charlie Duncan. who work with me in the Cabinet; it's the responsibility of the Congress, as you well know; it's also a responsibility of all of you. I'm very grateful that you would come here to have this briefing on what problems our Nation faces, but I also want you to go away from here with the realization that when our country has been united-and it certainly is now-we have never faced a major question that we could not answer. We have never faced a major problem that we could not solve. We have never faced a major obstacle that we could not overcome in this greatest of all nations, which I'm determined, along with you, to make even greater in the future. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:22 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. National Medic Alert Week, 1980 Proclamation 4739. March 20, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Emergency medical care, like other elements of our Nation's health care system, depends for its effectiveness on the support of the American people. By contributing to the lifesaving capabilities of rescue personnel and other health professionals, we improve our prospects for continued good health. Today, approximately forty million Americans are afflicted with diabetes, heart conditions, epilepsy, allergies and other medical conditions that are difficult to detect or identify in an emergency. This year, many of these people will become 514 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 21 involved in emergency situations and, because of delays in diagnosing and treating their hidden medical problems, may suffer additional injury or even die. Such tragedies need not occur. For more than two decades, special identification and information services-the oldest and perhaps best known of which is Medic Alert Foundation International-have been helping health and rescue personnel meet the unique emergency needs of people with hidden medical problems. When the victims of medical emergencies are unconscious or otherwise unable to communicate, their medic alert tags and the information services with which they are registered can spell the difference between successful treatment and serious, even fatal, complications. Last year, these tags and services helped save the lives of an estimated two thousand people with hidden medical conditions. Millions of additional Americans can protect themselves and help to improve the effectiveness of emergency medical care in this country by registering with a medic alert service. To focus the Nation's attention on the value of these services, the Congress, by a joint resolution approved February 28, 1980, (H.J. Res. 434) requested that the President proclaim the week of April 6 through 12, 1980, National Medic Alert Week. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week of April 6, 1980, as National Medic Alert Week. I urge all citizens and interested organizations and associations to observe this week with activities that will foster the use of emergency identification and information services in the United States. I invite the Governors of the States and appropriate local government officials to support National Medic Alert Week activities, and I call upon the Nation's mass communications media to spread the message that medic alert services save lives. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:52 a.m., March 21, 1980] Communication Satellite Corporation Nomination of Joan F. Tobin To Be a Member of the Board of Directors. March 20, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Joan F. Tobin, of Washington, D.C., for reappointment as a member of the Board of Directors of the Communication Satellite Corporation (COMSAT) for a 3-year term. Tobin, 36, has been a member of this board since 1978. She is president of Tobin Enterprises, Inc., which holds major or controlling, interests in growth companies, analyzes potential mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships, structures financial arrangements, and actively participates in the management of the component companies. She is also vice president of Tobin International, an export-import business. Meeting With Small Business Leaders Remarks at the Meeting. March 21, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. To open the meeting I'll call on Walt Stults to make a statement, 515 Mar. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and I'll respond when you tell me to. [Laughter] WALTER STULTS. Thank you, Mr. President. Small business supports your program to control inflation. The men and women in this room this morning are the leaders of America's 10 million small business firms. As chairman of the Coalition of Small and Independent Business Associations, Mr. President, I have been asked to tell you that even though several of the actions proposed in your program will force small business to tighten its belt, we are willing to make those sacrifices for the common good. As you know, high interest rates and tight money have driven many smaller firms to the wall. Historically that's a fact, and today the survival of many such businesses is very much in doubt. For all of these reasons we say that for the administration and for the Congress to do nothing to meet today's emergency is the worst possible solution to the devastation of inflation. Small business has always been at the forefront of the struggle to obtain a balanced Federal budget. For that reason we applaud your adjustments, and we shall work with the Congress to make certain that the budget remains in balance through spending cuts alone, with no more taxes. Mr. President, we urge all other segments of the American population to bite the bullet and to assume their fair share of the sacrifice, which is inevitably involved in restoring stability to our economy. As you know, without that stability, longer range efforts to remedy the situation cannot begin. Mr. President, I'd like to call on Bill Anderson. WILLIAM ANDERSON.1 Mr. President, we certainly appreciate the opportunity that you gave small business leaders to help participate in the formulation of your anti-inflation program. We particularly note the courage in rejecting the simplistic panaceas such as mandatory price and wage controls and the Federal pricing controls over oil and gas. Experience has shown these quick fixes do not work and only worsen the underlying economic problems. Furthermore, small business has always come out on the short end of the stick when the Government has attempted to make all the big and little decisions in our complex economic system. And personally, as a small manufacturer from the State of Rhode Island, I read the Wall Street Journal of March 17, commenting on your proposals, and I felt just a little on the side of not so good. Big business and many people who are endorsing radical changes don't realize that often in a radical surgery the surgery's successful but the patient dies, and the patient in most cases is small business. So, we in the small business community applaud you in that we feel that you're sounding more like Jimmy Carter, the candidate of 1960 and the small businessman, than ever before. So, thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. Well, as a small businessman, as a candidate, and as President I have espoused the basic programs that have been so attractive to the small business leaders of this country. Ten million business people play an integral role not only in giving me advice and support, which I need and which our Nation needs, but also in guiding other segments of the economy to support our anti-inflation program. It's not 1 Cochairman of the coalition. 516 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 2 1 been an easy one to put forward. To cut billions and billions and billions of dollars out of a budget that's already been proposed is a difficult task. But in addition to consulting with all of you, even since the announcement last Friday, we have met with more than a thousand leaders in 35 or 40 organizations to tell them about the consequences of action which will be constructive and the adverse consequences of a lack of action. We are very closely working with the congressional leadership, not only with the top leadership that helped us evolve the problem [program] 2 at first but also with the House Budget Committee, whose recommendations very closely parallel our own. They had a good vote yesterday, and I think it bodes well for the seriousness with which the Congress will address this issue. I want to express my thanks to you again for this action and also my admiration for your courage. I hope that you will deal with all your peers, those who look to you for leadership, with your customers, and with the big business community, which in general is supportive of what we are attempting to do. The breadth of the recommendations is very constructive, not just the balanced budget but also to control energy imports, to work on stringent wage and price restraints on a voluntary basis, to cut down on Government regulation, which is a very serious burden for small businesses to carry, and also, by the way, which is highly inflationary. And in addition to that, the credit restraints are being modified as much as possible to encourage productive investment loans for small businesses, farmers, those who are buying homes and automobiles, and away from the speculative type loans which 2 White House correction. compete with you and your needs in an already tight credit market. So, I think the whole program, with your help and advice, has been compatible with your basic philosophy and your longstanding advice to me, and I'm very glad to have you as partners in a program which I believe will be good for our country. Again, thank you. You have my admiration for what you've done. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:56 a.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. White House Briefing on the 1980 Summer Olympics Remarks to Representatives of U.S. Teams. March 21, 1980 First of all, it's a real honor for me to be here with all you famous people. I have a great admiration for you and a deep feeling for you in this time of challenge and disappointment. This is a sad time for all those in our country who are involved in amateur athletics. This past week, as you know, a tragic airline accident occurred in Warsaw, Poland, and 22 members of the U.S. amateur boxing team were killed. It's a tragic occurrence, and our whole Nation was reminded of the value of a human life, and also was reminded of the sacrifice that goes into the training for championship sports. This team went overseas to do its best. They were full of spirit and full of determination to exhibit their own prowess and achievement, and also to represent their country. And they represented us well. And I personally feel the loss, which I know you all share. When we are confronted with stark tragedies such as these, we have to stop 517 Mar. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 for a moment and put our own lives and our own principles, our own emotions, our own commitments, back into perspective; to reassess or to kind of inventory what are the most important things in a human life. This is one of those times. And that's why I've asked you to come to the White House-with some degree of trepidation-to listen to Dr. Brzezinski, to consult with Joe Onek,1 and to meet with me as your President, to discuss a very serious and a very vital matter, one that does directly involve human life, thousands of human lives already lost in Afghanistan, and many more hundreds of thousands of lives that could be lost, unless our Nation is strong enough and is willing to sacrifice, if necessary, to preserve the peace of our country. The highest commitment that I have in my official capacity as President is to preserve the security of the United States of America and to keep the peace. Every decision that I make, every action that I take, has to be compatible with that commitment. Ours is a nuclear age. We have a much more serious prospect now even than existed back in 1936 when the Olympics were held in Berlin. It was serious then. In retrospect it's obvious. I met last week with the Minister President of Bavaria, in Western Germany, who's running for Prime Minister this year-or Chancellor. He said if only the Olympics had not been held in Berlin in 1936 the course of history could have been different. We face a similar prospect now. I'm determined to keep our national interest paramount, even if people that I love and admire, like you, are required to share in disappointment and in personal sacrifice. I don't say that lightly, because my admiration of you and my appreciation of you is very deep and very sincere. 1 Deputy Counsel to the President. But it is absolutely imperative that we and other nations who believe in freedom and who believe in human rights and who believe in peace let our voices be heard in an absolutely clear way, and not add the imprimatur of approval to the Soviet Union and its government while they have 105,000 heavily armed invading forces in the freedom-loving and innocent and deeply religious country of Afghanistan. Thousands of people's lives have already been lost. Entire villages have been wiped out deliberately by the Soviet invading forces. And as you well know, the people in the Soviet Union don't even know it. They do not even realize that 104 nations in the United Nations condemned the Soviet Union for their invasion and called for their immediate withdrawal from Afghanistan. The people of the Soviet Union don't even know it. The Olympics are important to the Soviet Union. They have made massive investments in buildings, equipment, propaganda. As has probably already been pointed out to you, they have passed out hundreds of thousands of copies of an official Soviet document saying that the decision of the world community to hold the Olympics in Moscow is an acknowledgement of approval of the foreign policy of the Soviet Union, and proof to the world that the Soviets' policy results in international peace. I can't say at this moment what other nations will not go to the Summer Olympics in Moscow. Ours will not go. I say that not with any equivocation; the decision has been made. The American people are convinced that we should not go to the Summer Olympics. The Congress has voted overwhelmingly, almost unanimously, which is a very rare thing, that we will not go. And I can tell you that many of our major allies, particularly 518 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 2 1 those democratic countries who believe in freedom, will not go. I understand how you feel, and I thought about it a lot as we approached this moment, when-I would have to stand here in front of fine young Americans and dedicated coaches, who have labored sometimes for more than 10 years, in every instance for years, to become among the finest athletes in the world, knowing what the Olympics mean to you, to know that you would be disappointed. It's not a pleasant time for me. You occupy a special place in American life, not because of your talent or your dedication or your training or your commitment or your ability as an athlete, but because for American people, Olympic athletes represent something else. You represent the personification of the highest ideals of our country. You represent a special commitment to the value of a human life, and to the achievement of excellence within an environment of freedom, and a belief in truth and friendship and respect for others, and the elimination of discrimination, and the honoring of human rights, and peace. Even though many of you may not warrant or deserve that kind of esteem, because you haven't thought so deeply about these subjects, perhaps, the American people think you do, because you are characterized accurately as clean and decent and honest and dedicated. That's why it's particularly important that you join in with us, not in condemnation, even of the Soviet Union, not in a negative sense at all, but in a positive sense of what's best for our country and best for world peace. There must be a firm, clear voice of caution given to the Soviet Union, not just in admonition and criticism of what they have already done to despoil a small and relatively weak country but to make sure that they don't look upon this as an achievement without serious adverse consequences which can then be followed up with additional aggression along the same lines. Since the Second World War the Soviets have invaded successfully and have subjugated and taken away the freedom of people in Poland, in Hungary, in Czechoslovakia, in other countries as well, as you know. But for more than 25 years they did not use their massive forces, after the Warsaw Pact was formed, to go into an adjacent country themselves. They used others to fight the battles for them, the Vietnamese and the Cubans, the North Koreans earlier. This was a radical departure from past Soviet policy, to go in themselves, and it cannot go unmet. I'd like to also point out that you will not be the only ones making a sacrifice. Yours may be the deepest and the most personal to you. I acknowledge that. But the farmers of this country also suffer. Some of you come from farm families. You know how important it is to have stable international markets to sell your products after very doubtful seasons have to be faced and deep debts have to be acquired. Shortly before the election in Iowa, I declared an embargo and cut off 17 million tons of grain that was going to the Soviet Union. And a lot of people said, "The farmers will condemn you, Mr. President. You'll never be successful in the election, in the farm communities." I won the election by more than a 3-to-1 margin, because the farmers felt that, "Although it's a sacrifice for me, I believe in my country, and in a peaceful way we must send the Soviets a clear message that aggression will not be condoned or excused." And I'd like to remind you that everything we have done has been not only for the ultimate purpose of peace but has 519 Mar. 2 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 been done with peace. I've got powerful forces available to carry out my command, military forces, the most powerful on Earth, and I did not exercise any military option. We exercised political options by asking the other nations to join in with us at the U.N. to condemn the Soviet Union, and 103 others did it. And we exercised economic options, which I've just described and I need not repeat. And the other thing that we must do is to stand with our allies and friends and freedom-loving people around the world and say, "We will not go to Moscow and participate in the Olympic games in your capital. We call for the moving of the Olympics or the delay of the Olympics for at least a year, until Soviet troops are withdrawn from Afghanistan, or the cancellation of the games, or either we would not participate." Mr. Onek has been describing to you my commitment to do the best I can to give you Olympic-quality international competition, probably toward the end of August, that will let you participate, representing yourselves, representing our Nation. I am not naive, and I know that there is nothing that I could help to create, even if all other nations on Earth joined with me, that would equal the status of an Olympic gold medal. In my judgment what we are doing is preserving the principles and the quality of the Olympics, not destroying it. It would suit me fine if we had a permanent Olympic site near the original Olympic game in Olympus in Greece. We've advocated that. We've sent a delegation from the White House, along with Prime Minister Karamanlis of Greece to look at a potential site. That would please me completely. It's going to take a while to do it. But I want to be sure that the principles of the Olympics are preserved, not wasted or destroyed or minimized. This is obviously a difficult decision for me to make. It's much more difficult on you. I'm not saying it's worse for me. The last think I would like to say is this: We have many kinds of awards and types of recognition. I'm not an outstanding 10,000-meter runner. [Laughter] But I've been honored by election to the highest elective office in our country, and there will be a difference, not just a subtle difference, between a gold medal that you might win the last part of August in international games that will not equal an Olympic gold medal. I understand that. But there will be an additional award that I will help to emphasize within the bounds of my capacity and authority and influence and status as a President, and that is a special recognition to you that you not only prevailed in a superb international competition of a world championship quality but that you also are honored along with it, having helped to preserve freedom and having helped to enhance the quality or the principles of the Olympics and having helped in a personal way to carry out the principles and ideals of our Nation, and having made a sacrifice in doing it. And I hope that at least in the minds of some of you the medal that you might win in competition and the recognition of a grateful nation will at least partially make up for the sacrifice that you'll have to make this summer in not going to Moscow for the Summer Olympics. I'm very grateful that you came, and I hope that you will help me, and I hope that you will agree, if possible. But this is a free country, and your voice is yours, and what you do and say is a decision for you to make. But whatever you decide, as far as your attitude is concerned, I will respect it. And I will appreciate this opportunity for me as President to meet with vou to discuss a very serious matter as 520 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 equals, as Americans who love our country, who recognize that sometimes we have to make sacrifices and that for the common good, for peace and for freedom, those sacrifices are warranted. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:32 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. March 16 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. March 17 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale. March 18 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore. The President participated in a briefing on administration policies and programs given for members of the National Cattlemen's Association in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. The President participated in a briefing on administration policies and programs given for Members of Congress in the East Room at the White House. The President transmitted to the Congress the 12th, 13th, and 14th annual reports of the National Endowment for the Humanities. The President announced that he has designated two persons as members of the Board of Directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. They are: DEANE R. HINTON, Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs, and LUTHER H. HODGES, JR., Deputy Secretary of Commerce. March 19 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Members of Congress; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President. The President transmitted to the Congress the 1980 National Housing Production Report. The White House announced that President Anwar al-Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menahem Begin of Israel will meet separately with President Carter in Washington during the month of April. The dates of their visits are yet to be decided. The purpose of the meetings will be to review the progress and pace of autonomy negotiations for the West Bank and Gaza. The negotiations are being conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Camp David accords, signed by all three leaders on September 17, 1978. The President announced the appointment of Charles F. C. Ruff as a member of the District of Columbia Law Revision Commission for a 4-year term. He replaces Earl Silbert, resigned. Ruff is U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia. The President announced the appointment of Gerald McBride as a member of the Committee for Purchase From the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped. 521 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 McBride is Assistant Administrator for Acquisition Policy at the General Services Administration. The President announced that he will nominate two persons to be members of the Board of Directors of the Inter-American Foundation. They are: DAVID BRONHEIM, who has been nominated to be Associate Director of the U.S. International Development Cooperation Agency, and WILLIAM G. BOWDLER, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. March 20 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -William C. Verity, Jr., incoming chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States; -Representative John J. Cavanaugh of Nebraska; -Mrs. Carter, for lunch. March 21 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Donovan; -Mr. Moore; -Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Saburo Okita; -Representative Lester L. Wolff of New York. The President participated in a briefing on administration programs and policies given for a group of black ministers in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted March 18, 1980 HERTA LANDE SEIDMAN, of New York, to be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce (new position). LYLE ELDEN GRAMLEY, of Kansas, to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of 14 years from February 1, 1980, vice Philip Edward Coldwell, term expired. Submitted March 20, 1980 JOAN EDELMAN SPERO, of New York, to be the Representative of the United States of America on the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, with the rank of Ambassador. The following-named persons to be members of the Board of Directors of the Inter-American Foundation for the terms indicated: DAVID BRONHEIM, of Connecticut, for the remainder of the term expiring September 20, 1982, vice Carolyn R. Payton, resigned. WILLIAM G. BOWDLER, of Florida, for a term expiring September 20, 1984, vice Viron P. Vaky, resigned. ROBERT E. NEDERLANDER, of Michigan, to be a member of the National Council on Educational Research for the remainder of the term expiring September 30, 1980, vice Betsy Levin, resigned. ROBERT E. NEDERLANDER, of Michigan, to be a member of the National Council on Educational Research for a term expiring September 30, 1983 (reappointment). Submitted March 21, 1980 STEVEN A. MINTER, of Ohio, to be Under Secretary of Education (new position). LYLE ELDEN GRAMLEY, of Missouri, to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of 14 years from February 1, 1980, vice Philip Edward Coldwell, term expired. 522 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Withdrawn March 21, 1980 LYLE ELDEN GRAMLEY, of Kansas, to be a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for a term of 14 years from February 1, 1980, vice Philip Edward Coldwell, term expired, which was sent to the Senate on March 18, 1980. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released March 17, 1980 Advance text: remarks at the National League of Cities Congressional-City Conference Released March 19, 1980 Transcript: remarks and a question-and-answer session on the President's forthcoming meetings with President Anwar al-Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menahem Begin of Israel-by Press Secretary Jody Powell Released March 20, 1980 Announcement: White House ceremony inaugurating the Department of Education on May 7 CHECKLIST-Continued Released March 21, 1980 Announcement: nomination of John S. Martin to be United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved March 17, 1980 H.R. 5913 --- —-------- Public Law 96-210 An act to amend section 502 (a) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936. S. 1792 --- —---------- Public Law 96-211 An act to authorize the President of the United States to present on behalf of the Congress a specially struck gold medal to Simon Wiesenthal. S. 643 --- —----------- Public Law 96-212 Refugee Act of 1980. H.R. 1829 --- —-------- Private Law 96-50 An act for the relief of Loraine Smart and Robert Clarke. Approved March 18, 1980 H.R. 3398 --- —-------- Public Law 96-213 Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980. 523 Week Ending Friday, March 28, 1980 Virginia Democratic Party Caucuses White House Statement. March 22, 1980 The President very much appreciates the strong support shown his candidacy in today's decisive victory in the Virginia Democratic caucus. The President wishes to thank the hundreds of Virginia volunteers whose dedication and hard work made the victory possible. Volunteers always play a major role in the success of any political campaign, but their efforts have been particularly important because of the need of the President to remain in Washington to manage the Nation's affairs. The continuing primaries and caucuses provide voters from across the country the opportunity to express their views on the type of leadership they want for the next 4 years, and the President is grateful for the continued strong preference shown his candidacy in all regions of the country. The victory in Virginia once again increases the percentage of the vote Senator Kennedy would have to gain in subsequent primaries and caucuses if he is to have any hope of attaining the number of delegates necessary to secure the Democratic nomination. Preliminary estimates of the final Virginia vote indicate that Senator Kennedy will now have to capture 62 percent of the delegates in the remaining primaries and caucuses in order to gain the nomination. Prior to today's caucus, the President had 656 delegates, Senator Kennedy had 214 delegates, and there were 59 uncommitted delegates-a total of 929. A total of 1,666 delegates is necessary to win the nomination. First Anniversary of the EgyptianIsraeli Peace Treaty Remarks of the President, Ambassador Ashraf A. Ghorbal of Egypt, and Ambassador Ephraim Evron of Israel at a White House Reception. March 23, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. This is another fine day. Ambassador Ghorbal, Ambassador Evron, friends of my country and of Israel and of Egypt, it's a pleasure to have you back with us. A year ago, many of you joined us here at the White House for a thrilling moment: the signing of a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. We stood in the bright spring sunshine, filled with a hope of a new beginning for a nation which I love here and for two nations in a region which had long been at war. We knew the difficulties ahead, yet we were exhilarated by the prospects for peace. We watched the leaders of two great peoples who had long been enemies embrace each other and embark on a new and a promising relationship-two men of courage, President Anwar Sadat and Prime Minister Menahem Begin. They astonished the world. They had silenced for awhile the voices of cynicism and hatred and despair. They had done the impossible. They had achieved peace. 525 Mar. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 That day culminated a year and a half of patient and often very difficult negotiations following President Sadat's historic visit to Jerusalem. I remember the moment at Camp David-it was a Sunday afternoon-when we suddenly knew that peace was possible. And I remember the moment in Cairo, following my visit to Jerusalem, when we were able to proclaim to the world that a treaty between these two great nations was at last within our reach, and then the ceremony here, bringing to an end 30 years of war. Prime Minister Begin spoke to all of us that day: "Peace unto you," he said. "Shalom, salaam forever." Many things have happened since that day almost exactly a year ago, things which once seemed even beyond dreaming. The borders have been opened. Ambassadors have been exchanged between the two countries, based on full diplomatic recognition. Ordinary citizens have become sightseers in a neighboring land from which they had long been completely excluded. It's no longer harder to travel between Tel Aviv and Cairo than it is between Tel Aviv or Cairo and New York. Israelis and Egyptians in all walks of life have clasped each other's hands on the streets of Jerusalem and in Cairo, Alexandria and Tel Aviv, in friendship. Israel has returned a large part of the Sinai to Egypt, and Egypt has accelerated the normalization process even faster than we had envisioned a year ago. The doubters had history on their side, for these things had never happened before. Yet the practical dreamers also had history on their side as well, for now it has been proven that we need not repeat old patterns of hatred and death, of suffering and distrust. Benjamin Franklin, who negotiated the treaty with England following the American Revolution, said that he had never seen a peace made, however advantageous, that was not censured as inadequate. No treaty can possibly embody every aim of any particular party to a treaty. What a treaty can do, through negotiation and compromise, is to protect the vital interests of each of the parties involved. That's what was done here 12 months ago. We all know that our work is incomplete until the peace can be extended to include all who have been involved in the conflict of the past in the Middle East. We must prove to all people in the Middle East that this peace between Egypt and Israel is not a threat to others, but a precious opportunity. When I stood before the Knesset at a moment when it seemed that the peace treaty prospects had reached an impasse, Prime Minister Begin reminded us that this must be a peace not of months and years, but forever. We've come to the first year. We must now look at the world as it is and find ways to continue living in peace with one another. This treaty between Egypt and Israel is only one step on the way to a comprehensive peace throughout this troubled region. At Camp David, President Sadat, Prime Minister Begin, and I agreed on a second step, which is now underway: negotiations to provide full autonomy to the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza. That concept offers a first real hope for keeping our common pledge-a pledge made by all three of us-to resolve the Palestinian problem in all its aspects while fully protecting the security and the future of Israel. The autonomy talks will lead to a transitional arrangement. Further negotiations will be required after 3 years or so to determine the final status of the West Bank and Gaza. Egypt, Israel, and the United States are now committed to the success of this course that we set for ourselves at 526 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 23 Camp David, a course based on these accords and on United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338. As we all three pledged at Camp David, through these current negotiations Israel can gain increased security, and the Palestinians can participate in the determination of their own future and achieve a solution which recognizes their legitimate rights. For the past 10 months our negotiators have done the patient work of defining these difficult issues. As we meet today, Ambassador Sol Linowitz is in Israel, and he will soon be going to Egypt to help move the talks forward. And next month I will be meeting here with President Sadat and with Prime Minister Begin. It's time for us to review the progress that we've made so far and to discuss the way to move forward even faster. These two summit meetings are not meant to replace the negotiators who have worked so hard and have come so far, but to help them to expedite their vital work. I look forward to seeing these two men once again. They are my friends. In the 13 days at-Camp David and the meetings I've had with them before and since, I've come to know them well. Both the men have deep religious convictions. Both are men whose personal sense of the history of their own nations has shaped their lives since early childhood. It should never be forgotten that after a generation of unsuccessful efforts engaging the talents of a legion of fine statesmen, it took courage and vision to create this first major step toward peace. It will also require courage and vision-perhaps even more-and a commitment to fulfill not only the letter but the spirit of the Camp David accords and to realize our dreams of a permanent peace. The period between now and the completion of the talks will certainly not be easy as we work to resolve some of the most complex and emotional issues in the entire world. Both Egypt and Israel will now be facing difficult decisions in making an effort to answer difficult questions, and they will need patience and understanding-theirs and also ours. Yet in the resolution of these questions lies a great promise for achieving the comprehensive peace which is coveted by Egypt, Israel, the United States, and all people of good will everywhere. The United States will continue to work patiently and constructively with both Egypt and Israel as a full partner in the negotiations. These negotiations presently ongoing are the road to peace. They can succeed. They must succeed. Let me make one thing clear. Domestic politics cannot be allowed to create timidity or to propose obstacles or delay or to subvert the spirit of Camp David, nor to imply a lack of commitment to reach our common goal. This is time when we must continue that political vision that made possible the treaty which we celebrate today. As Prime Minister Begin said here last year, "Now is the time for all of us to show civil courage in order to proclaim to our peoples and to others: No more war, no more bloodshed, no more bereavement." At Camp David, we invited others to adhere to the framework of peace and to join in the negotiations. The negotiations must be based on a commonly accepted foundation. As these talks move forward, let me reaffirm two points. We will not negotiate with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, nor will we recognize the PLO unless it accepts Resolutions 242 and 338 and recognizes Israel's right to exist. And we oppose the creation of an independent Palestinian state. The United States, as all of you know, has a warm and a unique relationship of friendship with Israel that is morally 527 Mar. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 right. It is compatible with our deepest religious convictions, and it is right in terms of America's own strategic interests. We are committed to Israel's security, prosperity, and future as a land that has so much to offer to the world. A strong Israel and a strong Egypt serve our own security interests. We are committed to Israel's right to live in peace with all its neighbors, within secure and recognized borders, free from terrorism. We are committed to a Jerusalem that will forever remain undivided, with free access to all faiths to the holy places. Nothing will deflect us from these fundamental principles and commitments which I've just outlined. As you all know, also, the United States has broadened and has deepened its valuable friendship with Egypt, the largest and the most powerful and the most influential Arab nation on Earth. President Sadat, with his heroism, has brought about profound changes not only in the rest of the world but in Egypt's own internal life. And he has made Egypt a leader among nations in the pursuit of peace. We support Egypt's security and its well-being, and we will work with Egypt to ensure a more prosperous and a peaceful life for the Egyptian people. As President Sadat said at this house a year ago: "Let there be no more wars or bloodshed between Arabs and Israelis. Let there be no more suffering or denial of rights. Let there be no more despair or loss of faith. Let no mother lament the loss of her child. Let no young man waste his life on a conflict from which no one benefits. Let us work together until the day comes when they beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruninghooks." Isaiah, in Chapter 42 in the Bible, says of a great servant of God, "A bruised reed he will not break; a dimly burning wick he will not quench... I have given you, as a covenant to the people, a light to the nations to open the eyes that are blind." Today, as the earth is reborn in springtime after a long winter, we lift high that dimly burning wick of peace before the nations of the world. In its light all can see that, amid the disappointment and the dangers, mankind can still prevail against its own evils, against its own past, against all the efforts that would separate us one from another and make us enemies. We must not be mean nor stingy nor lacking in courage. We must not betray the trust of those whose faith is in us. Down through the centuries the children of Abraham have spoken daily of their longing for peace in their greetings. President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin are children of Abraham, and they are men of peace. I ask your prayers that full peace may yet be ours. I pray that the dimly burning wick which we have lit may yet ignite a blazing flame of peace that will light the world. I and President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin join in with you in our fervent prayer: Peace, shalom, salaam. AMBASSADOR GHORBAL. Mr. President, Mrs. Carter: It's a lovely occasion to be with you, Mr. President, to rejoice at the first anniversary of the signing of the peace treaty. Let me, first of all, convey to you, Mr. President, President Sadat's warm greetings on this very happy occasion. He sends you his appreciation and that of the people of Egypt for making the day which we celebrate very elegant. He is looking forward to being with you in Washington shortly. I am sure we all recall fondly what took place on 26 March, 1979, when you gathered us on the North Lawn to mark an important page in the history of the 528 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 23 Middle East and indeed of the world. A year has passed since three leaders-you, Mr. President, President Sadat, and Prime Minister Begin-in that tri-handshake, opened a new era of hope and peace. Israeli ships have since crossed the canal as Israeli forces started to withdraw from our land. Oil fields were released back to Egypt as El Al planes landed in Cairo with Israeli tourists, receiving a hearty welcome from our people. Ambassadors of Egypt and Israel presented their credentials to the heads of state of Israel and Egypt, in fulfillment of the peace treaty that you helped to bring about. Yes, Mr. President, today is a joyful day, for who could have believed that in such a short span of time all this could have happened, and we live it daily. Commitments by the parties have been diligently met and by each deadline prescribed. Deep in my heart, Mr. President, I feel that this will continue to be the yardstick for the road ahead of us, and further deadlines will equally be met to bring further happiness, not only to ourselves but foremost to those waiting impatiently to see their rights honored, the Palestinian people. President Sadat broke the barrier of distrust and carried, in his visit to Jerusalem, the olive branch of peace. The people of Israel, as many of us witnessed on the TV screen, received that messenger of peace and hope in unprecedented welcome. But, Mr. President, it was you, it was you who stepped in with no hesitation, indeed with full dedication and courage, to bring the parties together at Camp David, to sit with each side, to work with both, to join with your hand in the drafting of what we finally celebrated on that Sunday evening at the White House, the Camp David accords. Again, I recall how you not only crossed Pennsylvania Avenue to Blair House to lunch with the three delegations, on a most pleasant and southern note, to take stock of progress at hand, to hear of the difficulties that lingered, but more so, you have crossed, at short notice, the Atlantic, to both Egypt and Israel, when deadlock risked the attainment of what we all were yearning for. Again, with your perseverance and your dedication, you clinched it all and brought everyone to that historic celebration on the North Lawn to build the first edifice of peace in the Middle East. Today, a stalemate looms on the talks to bring about full autonomy for the Palestinian people in the West Bank and Gaza. You step in and invite President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin for talks to implement what you three already agreed upon. With a heavy agenda of issues at home and problems abroad, you still devote your time and energy to break a deadlock. Mr. President, in this hour of happiness we cannot, all of us, but remember foremost the Palestinian people, who, for a very long period, have equally been yearning to reach their national fulfillment. Full autonomy that allows them to live their lives and direct their affairs in freedom and yet in peace with their neighbors is the only way to go about it. President Sadat, in his address of the signing ceremony of the peace treaty, you may recall said, and I quote, "We must be certain that the provisions of the Camp David framework and the establishment of a self-governing authority with a full autonomy be carried out. There must be a genuine transfer of authority to the Palestinians in their land. Without that, the problem will remain unsolved." With your permission, Mr. President, I wish to pay tribute to Secretary of State Vance. His sense of justice, his patience 529 Mar. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and warmth, his devotion to you and to peace has been of immeasurable assistance to us all. With such a record of success in Camp David in the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, I am sure everyone shares with me the conviction that you, Mr. President, will succeed again in the coming round. In this, you can, as usual, count on our unwavering support. I thank you. AMBASSADOR EVRON. Mr. President, Mrs. Carter, Ambassador Ghorbal, distinguished guests: I am happy, Mr. President, to bring to you today the warm greetings of Prime Minister Begin and the people of Israel. A year ago here in the White House, we cemented the realization of a dream. Throughout the ages, from Biblical days to the modern era of sovereignty and independence, the Jewish people have yearned for peace. Yet our history is tattered with tales of suffering, struggle, exile, and martyrdom. Our ancient land has been blessed all too rarely by the fruits of peace. We are at the outset of a road to a new age in our region. Our success in making this promising beginning is due not only to the faith and courage of our two peoples and their leaders, Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat. What is often and rightly called the treaty of Washington owes so much to the perseverance and dedication of President Carter. His was the task of not allowing the two sides to drift apart, of bridging gaps, of helping create the formula where no common denominator existed, and of overcoming differences that at times seemed irreconcilable. And I want also to join at this moment in the tribute paid by my colleague, Ambassador Ghorbal, to Secretary Vance. We all respect and have the highest re gard for him, and we have the deepest appreciation of his personal contribution to the peace between us and Egypt. Thus, it is a treaty containing benefits and obligations for all of us, for besides the vision of President Sadat and the initiative of Prime Minister Begin and the great risks and heavy sacrifices that he accepted on Israel's behalf, the United States undertook specific and important commitments to ensure that peace can and will, in fact, take hold. Notwithstanding the dangers and burdens involved, the Government and the people of Israel are determined to continue the implementation of the peace treaty and to carry out its obligations as defined in the Camp David accords. That delicately balanced but realistic formula, devised with so much thought and patience, remains the sole framework within which we can jointly achieve the goals we set for ourselves: peace with Egypt, autonomy for the Palestinian Arab inhabitants of Judea, Samaria, and Gaza, and eventually, a peace edifice encompassing all the countries of our region. We, in Israel, are confident that our two partners in this historic venture will be equally true to the definition of Camp David, for that is the only avenue by which we can keep the peace process moving ahead and ensure tranquillity and stability to the Middle East. Our neighbors should realize that hatred, threats, and war serve nothing, but that negotiations leading to coexistence and friendly relations with Israel are beneficial to all sides. Looking at the world around us today, we find that we live in that era when too often narrow, self-serving interests outweigh the values that determine the greatness of nations. Let us-Americans, Egyptians, Israelis-reaffirm our resolve that we shall not be deflected by anyone, be 530 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 24 they old allies or known adversaries, from the path of peace that we have chosen to follow. We have made much progress during the year that has passed. Much more remains to be done. Some of it will not be easy, and there will be no helping hand other than that of the great American democracy. It is in this spirit of renewed hope and dedication that we look forward to the forthcoming meetings of you, Mr. President, with President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin. Mr. President, by hosting this impressive and yet so human gathering to mark the anniversary of the first peace treaty, you are, at once, renewing the commitment of all of us to it and showing the world that good can triumph over evil. Thank you, President and Mrs. Carter, for your gracious hospitality, and thank you all, colleagues and friends, for helping to make this anniversary a memorable occasion. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Let me say just a word. I'm very sorry that we don't have room for everyone to sit down; we had a larger crowd than we had anticipated. But we would like to greet all of you personally, so I've asked the two Ambassadors to join me, just outside in front of the Blue Room. And we'd like to shake your hand as you go into the other room for the reception, for some refreshments. And if you would let us welcome you personally in that way, we would appreciate it. We also need, as I said in the close of my statements, your prayers. We have many difficult unresolved issues among us. All three of us are determined not to fail, but we need the same kind of spirit and the same kind of support that you added to us a year ago, and then a year and a half ago, when we faced defeat, but came through with victory. And I think we'll have peace in the Middle East if you'll help us in every way. Thank you. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:15 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. American Leather Wearing Apparel Industry Memorandum From the President. March 24, 1980 Memorandum for the United States Trade Representative Subject: Determination Under Section 202 (b) of the Trade Act; Leather Wearing Apparel Pursuant to section 202(b) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-618, 88 Stat. 1978), I have determined the action I will take with respect to the report of the United States International Trade Commission (USITC), transmitted to me on January 24, 1980, concerning the results of its investigation of a petition for import relief filed by the National Outerwear and Sportswear Association, the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Worker's Union, the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union, and the Tanners' Council of America, Inc., on behalf of the domestic industry producing leather wearing apparel, provided for in item 791.76 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS). After considering all relevant aspects of the case, including those considerations set forth in section 202(c) of the Trade Act of 1974, I have determined that expedited adjustment assistance is the most effective remedy for the injury suffered by the domestic leather wearing apparel 531 Mar. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 industry, and that import relief is not in the national economic interest. Expedited adjustment assistance is the only positive action that would aid the adjustment process of the industry without being inflationary or possibly causing a further erosion in consumer demand by further increasing prices. Firm adjustment assistance would facilitate the purchase of new equipment and the implementation of new marketing techniques that the industry has stated would be its primary adjustment actions if import relief were granted. The imposition of import relief itself would have an inflationary impact and consumer cost that I consider unacceptable in light of the strong emphasis that this Administration places on its antiinflation efforts. Also, it is not clear that the industry would be in a position to compete once relief expires. I have directed the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor to give expeditious consideration to any petitions for adjustment assistance filed by firms producing leather wearing apparel, by their workers, and by communities impacted by imports of such articles. This determination is to be published in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:18 p.m., March 24, 1980] American Leather Wearing Apparel Industry Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate Transmitting a Report. March 24, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) In accordance with section 203(b) (2) of the Trade Act of 1979, enclosed is a report to the Congress setting forth my determination to direct expedited consideration of adjustment assistance petitions from workers and firms in the U.S. leather wearing apparel industry and my decision that import relief is not in the national economic interest, and explaining the reasons for my decision. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER IMPORT RELIEF ACTION LEATHER WEARING APPAREL As required under section 203 (b) (2) of the Trade Act of 1974, I am transmitting this report to Congress setting forth the action I will take with respect to import relief for leather wearing apparel. On January 24, 1980, the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) reported to me its affirmative finding on injury to the industry under section 201 of the Trade Act. As my action differs from that recommended by the USITC, I have included the reasons for my decision. After considering all relevant aspects of the case, including those considerations set forth in section 202(c) of the Trade Act of 1974, I have determined that provision of import relief is not in the national economic interest for the following reasons: 1. Import relief would have an inflationary impact and a consumer cost that I consider unacceptable in light of the strong emphasis that this Administration is placing on its anti-inflation efforts. 2. There is serious doubt that import relief would help the domestic industry effectively adjust to compete with imports once the relief has expired. 532 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 25 Although relief has been denied, I have directed the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor to give expeditious consideration to any petitions for adjustment assistance filed by firms producing leather wearing apparel, by their workers, and by communities impacted by imports of such articles. NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Walter F. Mondale, President of the Senate. Arthur M. Okun Stetement on the Death of the American Economist. March 24, 1980 The sudden death of Arthur Okun has left me and countless others deeply saddened. A distinguished career has been cut short. Art Okun was a brilliant economist who transcended the artificial boundaries between his discipline and public policy. I relied on him frequently for advice, which he gave honestly and candidly. I especially admired his commitment to economics not as an end in itself, but as a tool to improve the lives of all Americans, especially working people and the poor. Economics was never static to Art. It was instead a forever changing inquiry into our dynamic economic system. To read his works, to discuss problems with him, was to experience the great sweep of his mind and his constant search for practical solutions. Art Okun was a good man and a good friend to many of us. Rosa]ynn and I will miss him, and I extend our deepest sym pathy to his wife, Suzanne, and to his sons. National Institute of Building Sciences Nomination of Eight Members of the Board of Directors. March 25, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate eight persons to be members of the Board of Directors of the National Institute of Building Sciences. They are: RUDOLPH WILLIAM BRAMBERG, JR., of Clearwater, Fla., president of the Bramberg Management Organization, Inc., and Suncoast Investments, Inc.; BLANCA CEDE&O, deputy director of management for the New York City Housing Authority (reappointment); WILLIAM F. FLOYD III, of Atlanta, Ga., vice president of Builders Investment Group (reappointment); WARNER HOWE, of Memphis, Tenn., a consulting engineer who serves as chairman of the building code revision and advisory board for the city of Memphis (reappointment); JOSEPH T. POWER, general president of the Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association and a member of the executive council of the Building and Construction Trades Department; S. EUGENE RUFF, of Harrisburg, N.C., business manager and financial secretary of Local Union 379 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, and president of the North Carolina Building and Construction Trades Council; CHARLENE F. SIZEMORE, of Huntington, W. Va., a statistical engineer who is active in consumer education and other civic affairs (reappointment ); JEREMIAH THOMAS WALSH, commissioner of the New York City Department of Buildings (reappointment). 533 Mar. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero Statement on the Death of the Archbishop of San Salvador. March 25, 1980 I strongly condemn the tragic assassination of Archbishop Oscar A. Romero of San Salvador yesterday. It is a shocking and unconscionable act. Archbishop Romero spoke for the poor of El Salvador, where their voices had been ignored for too long. He spoke for change and for social justice, which his nation so desperately needs. Terrorism cannot silence the archbishop's message of compassion. It cannot and should not intimidate those who seek social justice and democracy. The United States trusts that the Government of El Salvador will move swiftly and effectively to bring the archbishop's assassins to justice. Connecticut and New York Democratic Party Primaries Statement by the White House Press Secretary. March 25, 1980 The President wishes to congratulate Senator Kennedy and all of his supporters on their victories in Connecticut and New York tonight. The President also wishes to express his deep appreciation for all those who worked so hard for the Carter-Mondale campaign in Connecticut and New York under what were rather difficult circumstances. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at 9:55 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States Nomination of Francis L. Jung To Be a Member. March 26, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Francis L. Jung, of Woodbridge, Va., to be a member of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, a new position. Jung has been with the Washington law firm of Dilworth, Paxson, Kalish & Levy since earlier this year. He was born September 3, 1947, in Philadelphia, Pa. He received an A.B. from the University of Dayton in 1969, a J.D. from New England School of Law in 1974, and an LL.M. from Harvard Law School in 1975. From 1975 to 1979, Jung was with the firm of Tanaka, Walders & Ritger. From 1979 until earlier this year, he was with Cladouhos & Brashares. He specializes in international trade matters and has represented clients before the Treasury Department and the International Trade Commission. White House Conference on Aging Remarks at a White House Reception. March 26, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Dr. Sadie Alexander, Dr. Bernice Neugarten, Miss Lupe Morales, former Congressman Waldie, Aaron Henry, my wife, Nelson Cruikshank, also: Every time I make a speech to any group that might listen about the problems or the opportunities or the life or 534 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 26 the excitement of the elderly, either Nelson Cruikshank or my wife or my mother are always there breathing over my shoulder-[laughter]-to make sure I say the right thing and say enough. This is a good day for us. It's a particularly important day for 5,000 Americans. Does anyone have any idea which 5,000 Americans I'm talking about? Yes? AUDIENCE MEMBERS. The ones who reach 65 today. THE PRESIDENT. Right on. Right on. Every day in our great country about 5,000 Americans reach the age of 65. And this is a very important time in their lives. It's a time either of increased choices in their life or a narrow restraint on their life. It's a time for the prospect of warm relationships with their families or their friends, or it's a time of prospective loneliness. It's a time of security and anticipation of a future that's stable, that will meet their needs, or it's a time of uncertainty and insecurity and, perhaps, of fear. It's a time of confidence about the coming days, or it's a time of pessimism about their future life. This question, how Americans approach their 65th year and how they live their lives after the age of 65, will be the subject of the White House Conference on Aging. This is your responsibility along with mine to make sure that the decisions we make, the studies that we complete, the recommendations that are presented to the American public and to the Congress are wise and adequate. A lot of people say that this is the third White House Conference on Aging. As a matter of fact, it's the fourth, because 30 years ago Dr. Oscar Ewing, who was the head of the old Federal Security Agency, which I understand was the predecessor of HEW, convened a national assembly on the aging. Some of you were there. Every 10 years, roughly, since that time, there has been a follow-up conference on the aging. And each, as you know, has built on the work of those who came before it. That conference 30 years ago was primarily designed to assess the present and future problems of the aging without any particular focus; but of course it was designed to build upon the benefits that had been derived from social security. At the 1961 conference, the overriding question addressed was health of the elderly. And out of that conference came the concept of Medicare, which slowly but surely gained wide support, and eventually was enacted into law. The last conference there was a special concentration on problems of minorities, those who have the additional problem not only of being aged but also belonging to groups against which discrimination had been focused. And there was a special study also of the transportation problems of the elderly. But at all of the conferences, of course, income and income maintenance has been a primary consideration. I think, overall, the White House conferences on the aging and their predecessor have a good track record. And I have no doubt that with your advice and with your leadership we'll have a good conference this coming year. This conference will still have to contend with problems like income maintenance and health and transportation and the problems of minorities. But it will also have a special focus on two new problems that have arisen. One is energy, which is going to be a permanent problem. And the other one is the special impact of inflation, which I hope and trust will be a transient aberration in our own country and around the world. These problems combined all together give us a great challenge, important to many millions of people who are not here in this room today, 535 Mar. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 but who will be depending upon those who are in this room today. It'll be a test of our values, our strengths, our wisdom, and I think, our courage and our character as a nation. Twelve days ago I announced an intensified program to deal with the special problems of inflation. Inflation is an economic threat, and it's also a social threat. And those who suffer most from inflation are those whom you will be representing; those who live on small incomes, those who are not particularly mobile, those who have difficulty in shopping habits, those who live on fixed incomes, those who live on uncertain incomes suffer most. And although the inflation rate is higher than our own in most other countries on Earth, we still have an inflation rate in our Nation that is debilitating if it's not arrested and reduced. We must all work together on it, because it impacts on those for whom we are all responsible. In doing this, in dealing with this complex question, we've got to be fair, we've got to be wise, and we must have equity among our people for it to work well and for it to be supported. There's no quick or easy answer. There are no magic solutions. You can't pass a law or issue an Executive order that will deal in any material way with the impact of high costs of energy, which will inevitably be worse in the future, and the resulting inflation rates. We're going to have to exercise some personal discipline and some national discipline as well. That need not be unpleasant. It may even be beneficial, because we'll restudy the priorities that we've established in our own lives in and out of government, and in government at all levels. We can't continue with the illusion that a penny borrowed is a penny earned. This takes us down the wrong path. And I think that you know that the breadth of this challenge will be a great responsibility of us all. We will make recommendations this week, and officially Monday, on the budget changes that will be required to get our Federal discipline demonstrated to the rest of the Nation. We will be careful and we will be sensitive. I've been thinking about this conference and this speech ever since I started working on the budget. I don't want to mislead you. We will make recommendations that are tough, difficult, adequate, fair, effective. Social security will not be touched; neither will SSI; neither will Medicare; neither will the Meals on Wheels; neither will assisted housing; neither will the Council on the Aging; neither will the White House Conference on Aging. But that does not mean that all of you will not have to join with me and the Congress in exercising the discipline that has been basically agreed upon among myself and the leaders of the House and the Senate. The discipline will be quite severe; it will not be pleasant. But I think it's better to face a transient inconvenience and a temporary series of disappointments than to suffer the permanent, debilitating effect of inflation continuing over a long period of time. Our Nation, in a time like this, of strength and blessings and courage and unity, still needs the experience of the elderly. Our older citizens have been through much more difficult times: two World Wars, the Korean conflict, the Vietnam conflict, a great depression; challenges to our ways of life, an end to racial and other discrimination, where the very roots of our Nation were shaken or our own security was threatened. Our present problems, although they're quite severe and they preoccupy me every minute, are not nearly so difficult to face 536 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 26 or to resolve as those that I have just outlined to you. And I think to the extent that we can benefit from the experience of many of those that we will be meeting with and serving in the White House Conference, we can deal with these problems much more effectively and much more wisely. I'm confident that you will come forward from the White House Conference in 1981 with a good assessment and with a good education program for the public and the Congress, and a good program which we can subsequently adopt. We've got, as you well know, first-rate, quality leadership represented among those sitting behind me on this podium. Dr. Sadie Alexander, because of the good judgment of Secretary Pat Harris, will chair the Conference. Dr. Alexander has a long list of superb achievements. She's a wonderful person, as you well know. One among many is that she's the first black woman in this Nation ever to have earned a Ph. D. And she did it in the time when it took not only intelligence, even brilliance, but also a great deal of courage and innovation and spirit and determination. And that acquisition of an advanced degree she has used very wisely, not only for her own self and for those she immediately loves but for all Americans. Dr. Arthur Flemming,' who's not here this afternoon-I think you probably have guessed where he is; he's on the Hill, meeting with the appropriation committees to be sure that our programs are protected. He's participated in all the White House conferences on the aging. He will be the cochair, and his accomplishments and his idealism, his commitment, and his wisdom are unparalleled, I think, in government. And I'm very grateful to him. Dr. Bernice Neugarten, an authority in the field of the aging, will also be one of 1 Chairperson Emeritus, White House Conference on Aging. our leaders. Miss Lupe Morales, who has an outstanding record in addressing the problems of the aging on the one hand, and the consumers on the other, is also one of our leaders. Dr. Ellen Winston, who served with distinction, as you know, as the former U.S. Commissioner on Welfare, will also cochair. With people like these, and many others that I don't have time to mention, I have no doubt that all of you advisers, and me and Rosalynn, the rest of us, will be very successful in this coming effort. I might say in closing that I look forward to a very enthusiastic, and I hope inspirational, and I trust enjoyable, preparation and completion of the White House Conference on Aging, one that will be fruitful to the ones who are looking to us for leadership and service, and to our whole Nation as well. And I might add that I have one other hope, and that is that when you present your recommendation to the President in December of 1981 that I will be here to receive it. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:05 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. In his opening remarks, he referred to Sadie T. M. Alexander, Chairperson, Bernice L. Neugarten and Lupe Morales, Deputy Chairpersons, and Jerome R. Waldie, Executive Director, all of the White House Conference on Aging, Aaron Henry, member of the Federal Council on the Aging, and Nelson H. Cruikshank, Counsellor to the President on Aging. Panama Canal Executive Order 12203. March 26, 1980 CONTINUING APPLICABILITY OF PANAMA CANAL REGULATIONS By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by 537 Mar. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the Constitution and laws of the United States, in order to temporarily extend a delegation of authority to the Secretary of Defense, the last sentence of Section 1-102 of Executive Order No. 12173 of November 29, 1979, is amended to read, "This delegation shall be effective until May 15, 1980.". JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 26, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:51 p.m., March 26, 1980] Democratic Congressional Campaign Dinner Remarks at the Dinner. March 26, 1980 Mr. Speaker, I heard that delightful speech and good introduction. I appreciate it very much. Majority Leader Senator Byrd, Senator Ford, Congressman Corman, Senator Humphrey, distinguished other hosts and executives of labor and business and the Democratic National Committee: It is a distinct honor for me, as President of our Nation, and, as Tip said, as the leader of the Democratic Party, to be here. As Democrats and as politicians, I'm sure a lot of you are wondering what happened in New York and Connecticut yesterday. [Laughter] You're not the only ones. [Laughter] I've spent all day doing a very close analysis, using the most modern, 1980 election techniques, and I have finally come to the conclusion that we won a tremendous victory yesterday. [Laughter] Fritz Mondale and I are very proud of the outcome last night. It's a great victory when you are able to improve. In 1976, I ran for President in the New York primary. I came in fourth, just behind "none of the above." [Laughter] And yesterday we came in second. [Laughter] And it's also a great victory when you learn in the process of political campaigns. I discovered yesterday that States are not exactly the same. The Illinois people seem to be completely enamored with the oil import fee and the reduction of State revenue sharing. I discovered yesterday that New York is quite different. [Laughter] Also you learn about other things not directly related to the campaign. When I first came to Washington a little more than 3 years ago, a good friend of mine, a man whom I admire very much, came up to see me and said, "Mr. President, I know that you are new in your office and I want to give you some advice about foreign affairs. You've just selected Andy Young to represent you in shaping international policy. And let me tell you from the bottom of my heart that I know from experience, having been in Washington for many years, that nobody pays any attention to what happens at the United Nations." [Laughter] I deeply appreciated that advice from my good friend. He happens to be a Senator-very knowledgeable about affairs of the Nation-from Massachusetts. [Laughter] So, because we've improved and because we've learned-a great victory yesterday. As a matter of fact, in New York State there will be two Democratic contests this year. One was yesterday. The other one will be in August in Madison Square Garden. I'm willing to be fair. I'll settle for a split. [Laughter] As a matter of fact, we are thinking about changing the name of Madison Square Garden to Madison Square Rose Garden in August. [Laughter] I think all of you know, in a time of trouble and trial and tribulation and 538 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 26 challenge, it is very good for Democrats to join together, to be partners. I've spent a remarkable month working with the Democratic leadership in dealing with one of the most severe challenges which our Nation has faced, certainly in the last 3 years: the challenge of inflation and the need to slash Federal spending in 1981 to wind up with a balanced budget. These have not been easy sessions. They've been presided over by distinguished Members of the Congress. At first, they were particularly difficult. The attitudes were not quite conducive to cooperation and compromise. The first session, Bob Byrd showed up with a coal miner's helmet and flashed his light in everybody's eyes. Alan Cranston came with his American Legion cap. Senator Stennis came with his admiral's uniform on. Tom Foley came with a straw hat, carrying a pitchfork. And we had a very difficult time getting them to change their uniform and work together, but it wasn't long before they began to see that we shared a common challenge and a common need to address our Nation's problems together. There were a lot of arguments. And everybody seemed to be kind of ill at ease. It was strange to look around the room and see only one man completely relaxed, looking to the future with confidence and with complete complacency. We never did understand why Bob Giaimo felt that way until Monday-[laughter]when he announced that he would not be a candidate for reelection-a great loss for the Nation, as all of you would agree, but it made Bob feel a lot easier toward the future. It's always good for Democrats to get together to share with one another the trials and tribulations and also the enjoyment of one's company and also the excitement about the future of a great Na tion. We do face difficult times, and we also face tremendous common challenges. Sometimes I, as President, get discouraged. I know you do also, because the answers are not easy ones, and the decisions quite often are very difficult. The responsibilities on our shoulders are sometimes very heavy. This afternoon in the East Room of the White House, I met with a groupabout 55 or 60-who will be the cochairpersons and the advisers on the White House Conference on the Aging, which is held every 10 years or so. This will be the fourth session, in 1981. I commented in my brief address to them that there were 5,000 special Americans today. On an average day, 5,000 Americans reach the age of 65. And I thought back about those particular Americans who reached that birthday today. As they began their adulthood and perhaps took on the responsibilities of a family, it was in the depth of a severe depression-perhaps the most severe one that our Nation has ever experiencedin 1935, '36, and '37. But their lives were brightened by a Democratic administration that gave them the TVA and gave them and us the Rural Electrification Administration and gave them the promise of security in their old age, of social security. And as I looked at that group of advisers, some of whom over a period of 40 years had attended four different major sessions when improvements in the lives of the aged in our country had been made, I thought about their own experiences and how much we could benefit from what they have learned about this Nation. They've been through two World Wars, through the war in Korea, the war in Vietnam, that was highly divisive for our country. They've been through the most severe depression that our Na 539 Mar. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tion has ever experienced and the social changes that have taken place in the relationship among American citizens, when racial discrimination, under Democratic leadership, was wiped out of the consciousness of all our citizens. Tremendous challenges, tremendous problems, tremendous questions that had to be resolved-much more severe than any that we face today. Ours pale in comparison to some of those when the very existence of our Nation was threatened and our Nation was highly divided. But with their own courage and with their own unity and with the principles and ideals of our party and our Nation, they've prevailed. And our Nation continued to grow and to increase its strength and to let all Americans have a brighter future and a clearer concept within themselves of their worth as individual human beings. Today, with courage and with unity, we can face the difficult challenges that Tip O'Neill just outlined to you. That's a heritage of Democrats. The most severe economic challenge we have today is inflation. The most severe social challenge we face today is inflation. It's particularly burdensome on Democrats, because our hearts go out to those who suffer most. It's the most cruel tax of all, falling especially on those that are not mobile, who can't move from one community to another or even one grocery store to another, who can't change jobs, who live on frozen salaries, who have to survive on the receipts from fixed savings accounts, and who are particularly afflicted when every year their real income goes down. We, as Democrats, recognize that challenge. And that's why we are trying to exercise now the severe discipline in the Federal Government posture that will be successful in turning the inflation rates down and also set an example for the rest of our Nation. Our Government will take the lead. As Tip O'Neill pointed out, we will have a balanced budget in 1981. We have only had one balanced budget in the last 20 years. And we will balance the budget with a special sensitivity so that we will not damage the people about whom we care most deeply. As I talked to the senior citizens today, I pointed out to them that we are not cutting Medicare, we are not cutting social security, we are not cutting SSI benefits, we are not cutting housing construction assisted by the Federal budget. We are not cutting Meals on Wheels. We are being very careful not to damage the lives of those about whom we feel and for whom we feel responsibility. This is not easy-to deal with inflation. Other nations who are our friends and allies and trading partners are suffering much more severely than we. There are a few who have inflation rates 10 times greater than our own. We're in it together, and we are resolved and we have the courage and a commitment to unity that, in my opinion, is unprecedentedat least since I've occupied the White House. It's closely related to the energy problem. We are not going to get better any time in the foreseeable future, no matter how long we live, with more plentiful energy supplies or with cheaper energy. The last decade has put a terrible affliction on us. The price of energy has been multiplied a thousand percent-it's increased a thousand percent. American oil imports have increased 20 times over in the last 10 years. And as Tip pointed out, in 1 year the price of international oil has increased more than 115 percent; last month, 7'2 percent alone. We are still importing so much oil it hurts to think about it. This year, in 540 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 26 spite of reducing the quantity of oil that we import every day by more than a million barrels a day in the last 2 years, we will still send $80 billion of hard-earned American money to foreign countries to buy their oil. Eighty billion dollars is hard to understand. But it's easier to understand when you realize that on the average, every single American family will expend $1,500 to buy foreign oil. This is not an easy question to answer. But the Congress has dealt with it with tenacity and commitment and also with great political courage, because, again, the answers are not easy. The Democratic agenda that faces us now is one adequate to make us proud. And I think in November we'll present to the people of this country both a list of commitments and a list of achievements that will result in a resounding Democratic victory. Our Nation is at peace, and that is a prevailing achievement of which all Americans are and will be proud. And we've not been satisfied to bring peace to Americans. For the first time in more than 50 years, under seven Presidents who've preceded me, we have not had a single soldier lost in combat, and I pray that we can keep that record. And we are working hard to extend the blessings of peace to others. We have a relatively new presence in Africa. What we've seen lately in the nation of Rhodesia, soon to be Zimbabwe, the institution of a democratic government under the leadership of Great Britain, supported by us and others, that will bring majority rule there and add a sense of dignity to people who have too long been subjugated by racial discrimination. We hope to spread that concept, based on our own principles, to others who've suffered too long. In the Mideast, I am absolutely determined to build on the Camp David accords and the Mideast peace treaty between Egypt and Israel to bring permanent peace to our close friend and ally, Israel, on whose security the American security is based. We share reciprocal benefits when Israel is free, strong, secure, and at peace. And the upcoming negotiations that I will take on with Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat I hope will lead to a culmination of this long effort, succeeding 30 years with four wars and horrible death and destruction and hatred on both sides. We believe in a strong America, because that's the only basis for peace for ourselves and for others. A strong America economically, a strong dollar, a good balance of trade, massive American exports, strong agriculture, a free enterprise system admired by the rest of the world, a solution to energy problems and inflation problems that can be emulated by other countries who look to us with admiration and as the leaders of the Western World. A nation strong militarily, with a defense establishment, a defense capability and a commitment and a will second to none on Earth. A nation strong politically, with alliances strengthened, with 103 nations voting along with us recently to condemn the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan and demanding withdrawal of those troops attempting to subjugate permanently a free and independent and a deeply religious nation. The trends are toward us, under a Democratic leadership-a nation strong morally, ethically, raising high the banner of human rights and not ever violating the principles and the standards and the ethics and the ideals on which our Nation was originally founded. Democrats have never found any incompatibility between two things that 541 Mar. 26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 start with a "c": One is competence in government, and the other one is compassion in government. Competence means that we believe that a government can deliver services to the people who need it efficiently. You can't feed children or care for the elderly or build great cities or a good transportation system or give good schooling with waste and corruption and inefficiency. And you can't have an efficient government that is meaningful unless the government has a heart open to encompass those who depend on us as Democrats for a better opportunity and a better life. Economic opportunities, social justice have always been the hallmarks of the Democratic Party. I'm very proud we've got a good partnership between the President and the Congress and officials in the State and the local governments. I'm determined to tap the strengths and the ideals of America in November. I am determined that we will win in November. And I'm also determined-and perhaps this is even more important-that we Democrats will deserve to win. We don't want to win just because we're the most popular party. We don't want to win just because we occupy the White House. We don't want to win just because we've got an overwhelming majority in the House and Senate. We want to win because we deserve to win, because we represent the American people better, because we believe in competence, but because we believe in love and compassion and concern for those who've had trust in us. And because we're resolved in our hearts never to betray that trust and to live with the principles ever foremost, ever demonstrated in practical, tangible terms, of the oldest and the greatest party on Earth in the finest and best nation on Earth, I believe that's what we'll do in November. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:52 p.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Windfall Profits Tax Legislation Remarks by Telephone With the Senate Majority Leader and the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee on Senate Approval of the Legislation. March 27, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Hello. Very good. Senator Byrd? Yes. Absolutely. Well, I'm glad youYes. It's the same way on this end. I'm glad you've got Russell Long on the phone. Russell, we really appreciate the great leadership you've shown in this very difficult matter. I think this is going to be wonderful news for our country, not only in the fact that we will have $227 billion that can be spent for the well-being of our people, for the low-income families, and for the generation of alternative supplies of energy for public transportation, and also maybe in the future for a genuine income tax reduction, but because this will help, I think, to set the tone in our country for a major commitment that hasn't been adequate so far to resolve the long-term energy problems. And I'm grateful to you, to all the Members of the Congress, and to Senator Byrd for your great leadership. It's good news for the whole country and I think also good news for the whole world. Yes. Well, when we get the mobilization 542 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 2 7 board and security corporation passed that'll be good news too. The bill is effective as of the 1st of March. Is that not right, Russell? That's good. Yes. Very good. I don't know when it'll be coming to me from the Hill. I guess we can find that out after a few days, when the House and Senate leaders decide to sign it. That sounds good. Well, you could leave the ribbons off of this one in order to get it on down here. Well, I hope we'll have a chance to sign it when we can have a group down for a ceremony, because I think it's something that needs to be emphasized to the Nation. Yes, Bob? Well, we have a few here around me in the Oval Office, Bob. I would like to say to the press on your end that the Congress has shown not only great wisdom in the final content to this legislation but also great courage in dealing with one of the most controversial issues that we've had to levy a tax of this kind. Almost a quarter of a trillion dollars over the next 10 years to be used for the benefit of the American people is indeed an achievement of which we can all be proud. And I believe that it leaves adequate resources with the oil industry to expedite even more rapidly their search for and discovery of American supplies of oil and natural gas. And of course, we can be using their receipts from this tax to explore other alternative sources of energy and particularly to expedite the Americans turning toward conservation and the saving of energy. So, in every respect, it's good for our Nation in lessening our dependence on foreign oil imports, in cutting down on inflation, and building up more jobs in our own Nation and setting an example for the rest of the world. So, I'm doubly grateful to all of you, and I hope you'll extend my thanks to all the Members of the Senate, Bob. Good luck to you both, and thank you again. [At this point, the telephone conversation was completed.] It's good news. REPORTER. Is it better late than never, Mr. President? THE PRESIDENT. Well, Russell said he was sorry that it took so long. But I think it came out very well; the final results of the bill was excellent. And we can already start benefiting from the passage of it. And they pledged to me that now they'll turn their attention to the other two major pieces of legislation-the energy mobilization board and also the security corporation-that will expedite the production of alternative supplies of energy. So, I'm very pleased. Thank you. Q. Are you discouraged by the reports out of Iran that the parliament won't take up the hostage crisis now until summer? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I don't think I'll hold a press conference now. NOTE: The President spoke at 12:12 p.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. The White House transcript does not include the Senators' remarks. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Message to the Congress Transmitting Reorganization Plan No. I of 1980. March 27, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am submitting herewith to the Congress Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980, 543 Mar. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 under authority vested in me by the Reorganization Act of 1977 (Chapter 9 of Title 5 of the United States Code). The Plan is designed to strengthen management of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order to foster safety in all of the agency's activities. The need for more effective management of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has been amply demonstrated over the past year. The accident at Three Mile Island one year ago revealed serious shortcomings in the agency's ability to respond effectively during a crisis. The lessons learned from that accident go beyond crisis management, however. They provide the impetus for improving the effectiveness of all aspects of the government regulation of nuclear energy. In my statement of December 7, 1979, I responded to the recommendations of my Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island and set forth steps now being taken to address those recommendations. T stated that I would send to Congress a Reorganization Plan to strengthen the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's ability to regulate nuclear safety. I am submitting that Plan today. The Plan clarifies the duties of the Chairman as principal executive officer. In addition to directing the day-to-day operations of the agency, the Chairman would take charge of the Commission's response to nuclear emergencies and, as principal executive officer, would be guided by Commission policy and subject to Commission oversight. MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS Intensive investigations undertaken since the Three Mile Island accident have revealed management problems at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. These problems must be rectified if the Commis sion is to be a strong and effective safety regulator. -My Commission, called the Kemeny Commission after its Chairman, Dr. John Kemeny, concluded that the underlying problem at Three Mile Island stemmed not from deficient equipment but rather from compounded human failures. This included the inability of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to pursue its safety mission effectively in view of its existing management policies and practices. The Kemeny Commission reported a lack of "closure" in the system to ensure that safety issues are raised, analyzed and resolved. Kemeny Commission-,members also concluded that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission relies too heavily on licensing, and pays insufficient attention to ensuring the safety of plants once they are in operation. -During the course of its investigation, the Kemeny Commission found serious managerial problems at the top of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. It noted that the Commissioners and the Chairman are unclear as to their respective roles. Uncertain, diffuse leadership of this kind leads to highly compartmentalized offices that operate with little or no effective guidance and little coordination. -A recently completed independent study authorized and funded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission itself also found serious fault with the Commission's management and called for a major organizational overhaul. The report states that there is no authoritative manager but, instead, five equally responsible Commissioners who deal individually with office directors who, in turn, head their own "Independent fiefdoms." -Likewise, a recent report of the General Accounting Office notes the failure of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to define either the authority of the Chair 544 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 2 7 man or that of the Executive Director for Operations. The staff lacks policy guidance and top management leadership to set priorities and resolve safety issues. There are unreasonable delays in developing policies to guide the licensing and enforcement activities of the agency. The central theme in all three of these studies is the failure of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to provide unified leadership and consistent direction of the agency's activities. The present statutes contain conflicting and ambiguous provisions for managing the agency. Important corrective actions cannot or will not be taken by the Commission until the laws are changed. Failure to do so constitutes a continuing nuclear safety hazard. The present Reorganization Plan would improve the effectiveness of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission by giving the Chairman the powers he needs to ensure efficient and coherent management in a manner that preserves, in fact enhances, the commission form of organization. COMMISSION Under the proposed Plan, the Commission would continue to be responsible for policy formulation, rulemaking and adjudication as functions which should have collegial deliberation. In addition, the Commission would review and approve proposals by the Chairman concerning key management actions such as personnel decisions affecting top positions which directly support Commission functions, the annual budget, and major staff reorganizations. In carrying out its role, the Commission would have the direct assistance of several Commission-level offices as well as the licensing board, the appeal panel, and the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards. The Plan would not alter the present arrangement whereby the Commission, acting on majority vote, represents the ultimate authority of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and sets the framework within which the Chairman is to operate. CHAIRMAN Under the Plan, the Chairman would act as the principal executive officer and spokesman for the Commission. To accomplish this, those functions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission not retained by the Commission would be vested in the Chairman, who is currently coequal with the Commissioners in all decisions and actions. The Chairman would be authorized to make appointments, on his own authority, to all positions not specified for Commission approval and would be responsible to the Commission for assuring staff support by the operating offices in meeting the needs of the Commission. The Executive Director for Operations would report directly to and receive his authority from the Chairman. Heads of operating offices would also report to the Chairman or, by delegation, to the Executive Director for Operations. Office heads would also be authorized to communicate directly with members of the Commission whenever an office head believed critical safety issues were not being addressed. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's ability to respond decisively and responsibly to any nuclear emergency must be fully ensured in advance. Experience has shown that the Commission as a whole cannot deal expeditiously with emergencies or communicate in a clear, unified voice to civil authorities or to the public. But present law prevents the Com 545 Mar. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 mission from delegating its emergency authority to one of its members. The Plan would correct this situation by specifically authorizing the Chairman to act for the Commission in an emergency. In order to ensure flexibility, the Chairman would be permitted to delegate his authority to deal with a particular emergency to any other Commissioner. Plans for dealing with various contingencies would be approved by the Commission in advance. The Commission would also receive a report from the Chairman or his designee describing the management of the emergency once it was over. ACTIONS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS PLAN Not included in this Plan are two actions that I support in principle but that need not or cannot be accomplished by means of a Reorganization Plan. First the Commission, as part of its implementation of this reorganization, can and should establish an internal entity to help oversee the performance of the agency as it operates under the Chairman's direction. This action does not require a Reorganization Plan. Second, I have consistently favored funding assistance to intervenors in regulatory proceedings. This is particularly important in the case of nuclear safety regulation. I therefore encourage the Commission to include consideration of intervenor funding as part of its review and upgrading of the licensing process, as called for by the Kemeny Commission. I have also requested Congress to appropriate funds for this purpose. This activity cannot be authorized by a Reorganization Plan. NO ADDED COSTS This proposed realignment and clarification of responsibilities would not re sult in an increase or decrease of expenditures. But placing management responsibilities in the Chairman would result in greater attention to developing and implementing nuclear safety policies and to strict enforcement of the terms of licenses granted by the Commission. Each of the provisions of this proposed reorganization would also accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in 5 U.S.C. 901 (a). No statutory functions would be abolished by the Plan; rather they would be consolidated or reassigned in order to improve management, delivery of services, execution of the law, and overall operational efficiency and effectiveness of the Commission: By Executive Order No. 12202, dated March 18, 1980, I established a Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee to advise me of progress being made by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the nuclear industry, and others in improving nuclear safety. I am confident that the present Reorganization Plan, together with the other steps that have been or are being taken by this Administration and by others, will greatly advance the goal of nuclear safety. It would permit the Commission and the American people to hold one individualthe Chairman-accountable for implementation of the Commission's policies through effective management of the Commission staff. Freed of management and administrative details, the Commission could then concentrate on the purpose for which that collegial body was created-to deliberate on the formulation of policy and rules to govern nuclear safety and to decide or oversee disposition of individual cases. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 27, 1980. 546 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 27 REORGANIZATION PLAN No. 1 OF 1980 Prepared by the President and submitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled March 27, 1980, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 9 of title 5 of the United States Code. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SECTION 1. (a) Those functions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Commission", concerned with: (1) policy formulation; (2) rulemaking, as defined in section 553 of title 5 of the United States Code; (3) adjudications, as defined in section 551 (6) and (7) of title 5 of the United States Code; shall remain vested in the Commission. The performance of any portion of those functions may be delegated by the Commission to a member of the Commission, including the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Chairman", and to the staff through the Chairman. (b) (1) With respect to the following officers or successor officers duly established by statute or by the Commission; the Chairman shall initiate the appointment, subject to the approval of the Commission; and the Chairman or a member of the Commission may initiate an action for removal, subject to the approval of the Commission: (i) Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, (ii) Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, (iii) General Counsel, (iv) Secretary of the Commission, (v) Director of the Office of Policy Evaluation, (vi) Director of the Office of Inspector and Auditor, (vii) Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Members of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, (viii) Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Members of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Panel. (2) The Chairman shall also initiate the appointment of the Members of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards which shall take effect upon the approval of the Commission. The provisions for appointment of the Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards and the term of the members shall not be affected by the provisions of this Reorganization Plan. (c) The Commission shall act as provided by subsection 201 (a) (1) of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended (43 U.S.C. 5841 (a) (1)) solely in the direct performance of functions of the Commission, described in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, and only when such functions have not been delegated pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. (d) Each member of the Commission shall continue to appoint, remove and supervise the personnel employed in his or her immediate office. SECTION 2. (a) All other functions of the Commission, not specified by section 1 of this Reorganization Plan, are hereby transferred to the Chairman. The Chairman, in the performance of such functions, shall be the principal executive officer and shall: (1) exercise all of the executive and administrative functions of the Commission, including the appointive powers of the Chairman as provided by this Plan and the supervision of per 547 Mar. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 sonnel employed under the Commission; (2) distribute business among such personnel and among administrative units and offices of the Commission; (3) determine the use and expenditure of funds of the Commission; and (4) prepare and submit to the Commission for its consideration and approval(i) proposals for the reorganization of the major offices within the Commission; (ii) the budget estimate for the Commission; and (iii) the proposed distribution of appropriated funds according to major programs and purposes. The Chairman as principal executive officer shall be governed by the general policies of the Commission and by such regulatory decisions, findings, and determinations, including those for reorganization proposals, budget revisions and distribution of appropriated funds, as the Commission may by law, including this Plan, be authorized to make. (b) The Chairman shall be responsible for assuring that the staff under the Chairman's direction is responsive to the requirements of the Commission in the performance of the functions continued in the Commission by section 1 of this Reorganization Plan. (c) There is hereby transferred to the Chairman the function of appointing and removing, without any further action by the Commission, all officers and employees under the Commission other than those whose appointment and removal are specifically provided for by subsections 1 (b) and (d) of this Reorganization Plan. In exercising such function, the Chairman shall consult with other members of the Commission as the Chairman deems appropriate. (d) The Chairman shall delegate the function of appointing, removing, and supervising the staff of the following offices or successor offices to the respective head of such offices: General Counsel, Secretary of the Commission, Office of Policy Evaluation, Office of Inspector and Auditor. The Chairman shall delegate the function of appointing, removing and supervising the staff of the following panels and committee to the respective Chairman thereof: Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Panel and Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards. SECTION 3. (a) Notwithstanding section 1 of this Reorganization Plan, there are hereby transferred to the Chairman all the functions vested in the Commission pertaining to an emergency at a particular facility or concerning materials licensed or regulated by the Commission, including the functions of declaring, responding, issuing orders, determining specific policies, advising the civil authorities and the public, directing and coordinating actions relative to such emergency incident. (b) The Chairman may delegate the authority to perform such emergency functions, in whole or in part, to any of the other members of the Commission. Such authority may also be delegated or redelegated, in whole or in part, to the staff of the Commission. (c) In acting under this section, the Chairman, or other member of the Commission delegated authority under subsection (b), shall conform to the policy guidelines of the Commission. To the maximum extent possible under the emergency conditions, the Chairman or other member of the Commission delegated 548 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 27 authority under subsection (b) shall inform the Commission of actions taken relative to the emergency. (d) Following the conclusion of the emergency, the Chairman, or the member of the Commission delegated the emergency functions under subsection (b), shall render a complete and timely report to the Commission on the actions taken during the emergency. SECTION 4. (a) The Chairman may make such delegations and provide for such reporting as the Chairman deems necessary. The head of any component organization within the Commission may communicate directly to the Commission, or to any member of the Commission, whenever in the view of such officer, a critical problem of public health and safety or common defense and security is not being properly addressed. (b) The Executive Director for Operations shall report to the Chairman and shall be responsible for such functions as the Chairman shall direct. (c) The functions of the Directors of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, and Nuclear Regulatory Research of reporting directly to the Commission is hereby transferred so that such officers report to the Chairman, or as directed by the Chairman. The function of receiving such reports is hereby transferred from the Commission to the Chairman. (d) The heads of the Commission level offices or successor offices, of General Counsel, Secretary to the Commission, Office of Policy Evaluation, Office of Inspector and Auditor, the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel and Appeal Panel, and Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards shall continue to report directly to the Commission and the Com mission shall continue to receive such reports. SECTION 5. The provisions of this Reorganization Plan shall take effect October 1, 1980, or at such earlier time or times as the President shall specify, but no sooner than the earliest time allowable under section 905 of title 5 of the United States Code. Generalized System of Preferences Executive Order 12204. March 27, 1980 AMENDING THE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Title V of the Trade Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 2066, 19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.), as amended by Section 1111 of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 315), Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 2073, 19 U.S.C. 2483), and Section 503 (a) (2) (A) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 251), and as President of the United States of America, in order to modify, as provided by Section 504(c) of the Trade Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 2070, 19 U.S.C. 2464(c)), the limitations on preferential treatment for eligible articles from countries designated as beneficiary developing countries, to adjust the original designation of eligible articles taking into account information and advice received in fulfillment of Sections 503(a) and 131-134 of the Trade Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 2069, 19 U.S.C. 2463; 88 Stat. 1994, 19 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) and to modify the designations of beneficiary developing countries in accord with my notifications to the Congress of 549 Mar. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 September 28, 1979, and March 3, 1980, and in accord with technical changes in the identification of certain beneficiary developing countries, it is hereby ordered as follows: SECTION 1. In order to subdivide existing items for purposes of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202) are modified as provided in Annex I, attached hereto and made a part hereof. SEC. 2. Annex II of Executive Order No. 11888 of November 24, 1975, as amended, listing articles that are eligible for benefits of the GSP when imported from any designated beneficiary developing country, is amended by substituting therefor the new Annex II attached hereto and made a part hereof. SEC. 3. Annex III of Executive Order No. 11888, as amended, listing articles that are eligible for benefits of the GSP when imported from all designated beneficiary countries except those specified in General Headnote 3 (c) (iii) of the TSUS, is amended by substituting therefor the new Annex III, attached hereto and made a part hereof. SEC. 4. General Headnote 3(c) (iii) of the TSUS, listing articles that are eligible for benefits of the GSP except when imported from the beneficiary countries listed opposite those articles, is amended by substituting therefor the General Headnote 3(c) (iii) set forth in Annex IV, attached hereto and made a part hereof. SEC. 5. General Headnote 3(c) (i) of the TSUS is modified(a) by deleting from the list therein of independent countries designated as beneficiary developing countries for purposes of the GSP "Afghanistan", in order to withdraw from Afghanistan the status of a beneficiary of the GSP, (b) by deleting from the same list, "Ethiopia", in order to withdraw from Ethiopia the status of a beneficiary of the GSP. (c) by adding, in alphabetical order, to that list of independent countries "Ecuador". "Indonesia", "Uganda", and "Venezuela", and to the list of designated nonindependent countries and territories "Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) ", in order to designate these same countries as beneficiaries of the GSP, and (d) (i) by deleting from the list of designated beneficiary nonindependent countries and territories "Dominica", "Gilbert Islands", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent", and "Tuvalu", and (ii) by adding, in alphabetical order, "Dominica", "Kiribati", "Saint Lucia", "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", and "Tuvalu" to the list of designated independent countries. SEC. 6. General Headnote 3 (d) (i) of the TSUS is modified(a) by deleting from the list of least developed developing countries (LDDC's) "Afghanistan", (b) by deleting from the same list "Ethiopia", (c) by adding, in alphabetical order, "Uganda" to that list. SEC. 7. In order to provide staged reductions in the rates of duty for those new TSUS items created by Annex I to this Order, Annex III to Presidential Proclamation 4707 of December 13, 1979, is amended by Annex V to this Order, attached hereto and made a part hereof. SEC. 8. In order to provide special treatment for the least developed developing countries (LDDC's) with regard to TSUS items 727.11 and 727.12, Annex IV of Presidential Proclamation 4707 of December 13, 1979, is amended by Annex VI to this Order, attached hereto and made a part hereof. 550 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 27 SEC. 9. Whenever the column 1 rate of duty in the TSUS for any item specified in Annex I to this Order is reduced to the same level as the corresponding rate of duty inserted in the column entitled "LDDC" by Annexes I or VI of this Order, the rate of duty in the column entitled "LDDC" for such item shall be deleted from the TSUS. SEC. 10. Annexes III and IV of Presidential Proclamation 4707 of December 13, 1979, are superseded to the extent inconsistent with this Order. SEC. 11. Effective March 31, 1981, Annex II to Executive Order No. 11888, as amended, is further amended by adding, in numerical sequence, the following TSUS item numbers, created by section (B) of Annex I of this Order: 740.11, 740.12, 740.13, 740.14, and 740.15. Also effective March 31, 1981, Annex III to Executive Order No. 11888, as amended, is further amended by deleting current TSUS item 740.10. SEC. 12. The modifications to the TSUS made by Annex I of this Order shall be effective with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on and after the effective dates specified therein. SEC. 13. The amendments made by Annexes II, III, and IV of this Order, and the modifications made to General Headnotes 3(c) (i) and 3(d) (i) of the TSUS by sections 5(c) and 5(d) and section 6(c), of this Order, respectively, shall be effective with respect to articles both: (1) imported on and after January 1, 1976, and (2) entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on and after March 30, 1980. SEC. 14. (a) The amendments made by Sections 5 (a) and 6 (a) of this Order shall be effective on May 2, 1980. (b) The amendments made by Sections 5 (b) and 6(b) of this Order shall be effective on the date of publication of this Order in the FEDERAL REGISTER. SEC. 15. The amendments made by Annexes V and VI of this Order shall be effective on March 30, 1980. JIMMY CARTER The White House, March 27, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:33 p.m., March 27, 1980] NOTE: The annexes are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of March 28, 1980. The Cyprus Conflict Letter to the Speaker of the House and the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. March 27, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:) In accordance with the provisions of Public Law 95-384, I am submitting the following report on progress made during the past 60 days toward the conclusion of a negotiated solution of the Cyprus problem. Unfortunately, the intercommunal talks remain in recess. I am, however, hopeful that the recent intensive effort of the Secretary General of the United Nations will bring both parties on Cyprus back to the negotiating table. Through his representatives on Cyprus, Secretary General Waldheim has suggested a specific format under which both sides might be able to resume talks. While there has not yet been agreement on the suggested format, I believe the Secretary General has proposed a reasonable program that will enable the two sides to begin to discuss their concerns and to face the issues of substance that divide the island. The Foreign Minister of Cyprus was in Washington, February 5-7 for meetings 551 Mar. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 with Secretary Vance and other State Department officials. In these discussions, we made clear our continuing support for Secretary General Waldheim's efforts to resume the intercommunal talks. We told the Foreign Minister that we believe both sides to the Cyprus dispute should concentrate on issues where there is some measure of agreement and begin to build a settlement on that common ground. For years, the people of Cyprus have been unable to reach a political accommodation that satisfies both communities. The Secretary General of the United Nations is offering them a way to sit down together and search for understanding. Achieving a settlement at the negotiating table will not be easy. But achieving a settlement will be impossible unless both sides are willing to engage in meaningful discussions. The United States is firmly committed to the early resumption of the intercommunal talks and will continue to support the Secretary General's efforts. We are convinced that only face-to-face negotiations between the communities will lead to a just and lasting peace. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Frank Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. National Conference of State Legislatures Remarks at the Advisory Conference. March 28, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Speaker pro-tem Dick Hodes, Senator Ross Doyen, legislative leaders from around the country: And particularly my good friend Al Holloway, the president pro-tem of the Georgia Senate and my former floor leader when I was Governor-he got me in a lot of trouble and got me out of a lot of trouble during the 4-year period. Al, I'm glad to see you again. Before I begin my prepared remarks, I would like to make an announcement and a comment. As you know, we have had voluntary wage and price restraints or guidelines in place for a year and a half. They've done a much better job than has generally been recognized. Last year for instance, wage increases went up about 4 or 5 percent less than the inflation rate, as a matter of fact less than was the case in 1978. Most major U.S. corporations have also pledged their cooperation with the voluntary price restraints. Several large firms that received notices from the Council on Wage and Price Stability that they were out of compliance took immediate action to reduce their prices in order to comply with the price standards. Among them was Sears Roebuck, who reduced prices in the whole catalog and even gave refunds to people in their open stores. And Warner-Lambert was another, Faberge was another one. And other companies have cut their prices to come into compliance even before they received notices from us that their prices exceeded the guidelines. Among them were Alcoa Aluminum Company of America, the Greybor Electric Company, Scott Paper Company, and others. But I was disappointed today to learn from Bob Russell, the Director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability, that one major oil company, Mobil, has refused to take corrective action to bring their own prices into compliance with the price guidelines. Mobil's overcharges to their customers in the third quarter of this past year exceeded $45 million. They were asked to bring corrective action by 552 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 28 reducing their prices now in order to return on future sales what they have overcharged in the past. But so far, including this morning, they have refused to cooperate and to meet those price standards. It's difficult for me to understand Mobil's position at a time when most business firms are acting responsibly to observe the price standards that are so important to our Nation. The Council on Wage and Price Stability currently is looking into compliance with other companies, including several other oil companies. It's only fair to the American consumer and to those businesses who are acting responsibly for the public to know about companies who refuse to cooperate in this taking of reasonable action to comply with the volunteer standards. I come before you today, responsible leaders of our country, at a time of great challenge not only for our own Nation but, indeed, for the entire free world. Abroad, among other challenges I have to face personally along with you as American citizens-turmoil in Iran, aggression in Afghanistan, and many other issues that are important to all our people-while our resolve is firm, we must act carefully and we must act in concert with other nations. At home we face the great challenge of inflation, fueled by excessive dependence on imported or foreign oil. But here at home we are free to act as America needs us to act, and we must choose to act for America now. We have to make hard choices, as individuals and as governments, and as a nation. Our future security literally depends upon the implementation and the observance of discipline on ourselves now. In the last 10 years we've had a series of economic shocks that have indeed disturbed the entire world. Oil prices have increased more than 1,000 percent. American oil imports have been multiplied 20 times over. In the past single year, 1 year, oil prices have increased more than they have since oil was first discovered. Americans this year will pay more than $80 billion to foreign countries for imported oil. $80 billion is hard to understand, but that amounts to more than $1,500 on the average for every single family in the United States, money that we could now not use to increase American productivity, to provide jobs, to reduce American taxes, to reduce inflation. And energy, as you know, permeates our economic society. It affects the cost of everything we buy, everything we produce, everything we build, everything we transport. Inflation is certainly not limited to this country. Every industrial country is suffering, and some of the developing countries are suffering even more. The wholesale price index for the latest month, for instance, in Japan was up 27 percent. In West Germany it was up 20 percent. In Great Britain, 18 percent. In Italy, 46 percent. This knowledge that other nations share this problem does not make it any easier for us, but it emphasizes the importance to us not only to take action to benefit our own country but to set an example for the rest of the world to emulate. Our country is in a better position to deal with inflation than are most others. We have more than one-sixth of all the world's energy reserves in a widely diverse way. Our land produces bountiful crops beyond the dreams of most nations. We are blessed with great underlying strengths economically and socially and politically that let us tap the great opportunities of a free people in a free enterprise system. But sometimes in the past we have been so strong and so confident that we thought that those very strengths could make us immune from restraints on our lives, problems like energy shortages, problems like high inflation, that often we have seen beset other nations when we ourselves 553 Mar. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 were fortunate enough not to be so severely affected. We are fortunate still, but we are not immune. We must face reality, and we must regain control of our own destiny. Two weeks ago I put forward a tough program to combat inflation in this country. I took the difficult step of imposing a conservation fee on imported oil. We must reduce imported oil. The action I took will save us 100,000 barrels per day the first year, at the end of the first year, and after 2 or 3 years, 250,000 to 300,000 barrels per day of oil will be saved. I also used my authority under the Credit Control Act of 1969 to put restraints on credit. Revolving credit, often used by individual citizens of our country, has increased in 2 years more than 225 percent, more than tripled. This is the first time a President has ever invoked this authority, and I did that because we absolutely must discourage unnecessary borrowing and encourage saving. Americans now save about 3 percent of what we earn, the lowest level of savings in more than 30 years. Other countries save as much as 25 percent of the earnings of the individual citizens. Next Monday I will present to the Congress a balanced budget, the first time in 12 years. We've only had one balanced budget in the last 20 years. But my responsibility does not end there. All of us must fight to make sure this budget and your budgets stay balanced. We who serve in the government, at whatever level, must set an example for the rest of the country by proving that we can enforce self-discipline on ourselves. I want to acknowledge your own sustained and continuing support. I know you've been long voicing your concerns about fiscal responsibility, not only for States but for local and the Federal Gov ernment as well. We know from hard experience that the closer we come to balancing budgets the greater the pressures and the temptations to abandon that goal. We must not be moved, and together we will not be moved. For Fiscal Year 1981, beginning in October of this year, we will have a balanced budget for the Government of the United States of America, and you can depend on that. Federal budget reductions must be approved without delay, but at the same time I intend to consult very closely with State and local government leaders to consider three things. First of all, which levels of government are best suited and best equipped to carry out particular functions. This needs to have a reassessment. I need you to help me with it. Second, how can we possibly consolidate categorical programs aimed at reducing administrative and overhead costs and therefore costing less money for the same services, while we continue to meet our responsibilities to provide equitable service and protection for those within our society who are most vulnerable and who need protection most? And third, how can we consider the fiscal and the economic impact which is often imposed on State and local government-in the past at least, without consultation with you-in carrying out new or existing or proposed Federal programs? In hammering out a balanced Federal budget, I have made three commitments to our Nation: first, to ensure fairness; second, to protect the most distressed or needy Americans; and third, to preserve our Nation's security. I intend to keep those commitments, and I also intend to keep my commitment to control inflation. Most of you have lived with balanced budgets throughout your careers in public life. I had the same experience as a 554 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 28 State senator-I was on the appropriations committee-and later as the Governor of our State. State constitutions, many of them, prohibit deficit spending. Georgia can only have deficit spending if the State is being invaded, and as long as Alabama behaves themselves, we'll keep the budget balanced in Georgia. [Laughter] You know how difficult that can be when so many dedicated, responsible people, benevolent interest groups, come to you and push worthwhile projects or ideas or proposals that you just cannot afford. And you know what it is to say no when its so much easier politically to say yes. Well, we just cannot afford to play politics with our Nation's economy or our Nation's currency. We can't both pound the table for restraint on the one hand and make politically expedient promises on the other, because America cannot afford it. The people want us to be strong. Inflation hurts everyone-the housewife, the wage earner, the student, the home buyers, the homebuilders. Small business and farmers are particularly vulnerable to the wage-price spiral and to very high credit terms. Lower income people will be hurt some by budget cuts. But the people who suffer most from inflation now are those very same people, the ones who have very low incomes, who are not, quite often, very well educated, who are not mobile, who can't shop around for bargains, who never buy anything wholesale, who live on fixed incomes, and who are timid and fearful because their economic status is not secure. Inflation is the cruelest and most regressive of all taxes, and that's a tax that I'm determined to cut this year, in 1980. We are making distinctions with a scalpel, not a meat-axe, between functions that the government absolutely must continue to perform at both the Federal and local levels, and programs and services that may be desirable but simply must be reduced or deferred or canceled. We are not abandoning our urban policy, local revenue sharing, Urban Development Action Grants, mass transit, summer job programs. We are not abandoning the helpless. We're making adequate but prudent, intelligent, careful reductions and deferrals, tightening the belt where it will hurt the people about whom we are most concerned the least. This does not mean the cities will be exempt. It does not mean that social programs will be exempt from the cuts. We are trimming social services with minimum adverse effect to the poor. Our youth employment initiative will go forward. We are not cutting back on social security. We are not cutting back on Medicare or aid to dependent children or the 25-percent increase in subsidized Federal housing, because the housing industry particularly needs help right now. We have done our best to protect those key programs, but we will have to do something on many programs, which is not pleasant and which it would be easy to try to avoid. I wish I could promise you quick results, but inflation has been building up now for more than 10 years. The average inflation rate for the last 10 years has been more than 8 percent. It will not go away overnight or in a few days or a few weeks. As you know, the consumer price index will continue to register the large increases that must be passed through now from the extraordinary increases in energy and home financing costs for the next few months. You know as well as I do that there are no quick or easy answers, no painless corrective actions. Mandatory wage and 555 Mar. 28 Mar. 28Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 price controls pretend to be all three of those, but in fact they are none of the above. I do not have wage and price control authority. I do not want wage and price control authority, and the Congr-ess is not about to pass legislation to give any President mandatory wage and price control authority. Such controls would require a massive Federal bureaucracy and massive dislocations in our economy. It would put a terrible squeeze on working families, whose wages likely would be frozen, who would be faced with uncontrollable price increases in food, in imported oil, and other necessities of life which could not be controlled in price under any reasonable proposal. Controls would not even do a good job in temporarily hiding the symptoms of inflation and would certainly do no-thing to address the causes of inflation. Indeed, they would very likely become a substitute, a false substitute, for taking corrective action, which might prevent taking that corrective action which is needed. Controls, mandatory controls, are not a solution to inflation. They are an evasion of responsibility to cure inflation. The actions I'm taking to balance the budget and cut down on excessive consumer financing are very serious. They are designed to dampen the dangerous expectation that inflation will continue indefinitely, that government will continue to spend more than it takes in, and that there will be an atmosphere of irresponsibility prevailing in the fiscal life of our economy. That psychology of inflation has convinced far too many Americans that a dollar borrowed is a dollar earned. It has encouraged Americans to buy now and pay later. It's rewarded speculators. It has penalized savers, and I intend to stop these trends. One of the most important things to remember today is that the time has passed when the different branches of government or the different levels of government can shift responsibility back and forth. The time has passed when one branch or level of government can talk about inflation and expect the other branches of government to act, even in an election year. This is no time for political cowardice or demagoguery. We must stand firm, we must resist political pressures, and we must tell the truth. We must realize that there is no more a rich Uncle Sam with a bottomless bag to hand out goodies, but that Uncle Sam is all of us. The time has come for us to act together, not with a slogan or idol or false promises, but with a courageous and consistent and tenacious policy, and a common purpose. When I send the balanced budget up to Capitol Hill next week, Americans will need your help. You and I, every one of us right here in this room today, must guide this Nation safely down from the dangerous precipice of inflation. And together that's exactly what we are going to do. I'd like to close my remarks by quoting a thought from our first President, George Washington. His words are as relevant today as they were when he spoke them almost 200 years ago. He said, "If to please the people we offer what we ourselves disapprove, how can we afterwards defend our work? Let us raise a standard," he said, "to which the wise and the honest can now repair." That is a philosophy that has always stood our Nation in good stead when we faced difficult questions, serious problems, or apparently insurmountable obstacles. A unified America has never failed,3 and the problems that we face now are much less than many that we have faced in our own lifetimes and certainly in the history of our own great country. I hope that in facing this problem of inflation that you will join 556 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 28 with me as partners and make, as I often say, the greatest nation on Earth even greater in the future. Thank you very much. I didn't know before Dick announced it that I was going to take questions, but I'll be glad to take a couple if you don't mind. Yes? Q. Mr. President, I'm a Carter/Mondale supporter, and I followed what Congress apparently is going to cut. It's not certain at all what your proposals are going to be, because the specifics are not before us now. What I would like to say is, as one of your supporters, I think it would be tragic if the poor are asked to bear a further burden in this war on inflation. They're drafting the wrong people, and I hope that no social programs are cut. I'm sure that they're not all perfect, but to start talking about day care centers and fuel assistance programs and CETA programs and food stamp programs and nutritional programs is, as I say, drafting the wrong people. And I hope that you will resist any congressional attempts to do that, and I sincerely and respectfully hope that your own budget does not make those cuts. THE PRESIDENT. Some of those programs will be cut. We have worked for the last month with the leadership in the House and Senate, encompassing a broad range in the political and economic spectrum of the Congress, including the authors of many of those programs that you described. I would say that the proposals that have already been revealed to the leaders in the budget committees of both the House and Senate are well understood by them. And we will present the final revised '81 budget to the Congress on Monday. We have worked literally around the clock to get this done. I have consulted personally with more than 300 Members of the House of Representatives, with the subcommittee chairmen of the House and Senate Appropriations Committee, with the key leaders, Democrats and Republicans, in both Houses, with the leaders in the budget committees, and also with interest groups, Governors, mayors, members of your own organization, in the State legislatures and constituency groups, homebuilders, and others. We have had to revise about 14,000 line item entries in the '81 budget. And as you know, when I present the budget to the Congress, it can't be just hazy concepts or approximate answers; it has to be down, balanced to the nearest penny. And that document will be presented to the Congress on Monday. Some of the programs you described will be cut. But as I said, we have tried as best we could-successfully, I believe-to protect those who are most needy in our society. And we've done it not with a meat-axe, but with a scalpel. I think you'll be pleased when you see the results. Q. Mr. President, given your understandable and appropriate call for discipline, and given the fact that we in New Jersey-and I am a Carter supportersince '76 have had budget and spending limitation attacks all across the country. Given what you've just said about a meat cleaver approach, is it fair as we see one set of proposed cuts, but only $875 million is being cut in administration overhead, and yet $1,700,000,000 in State revenue sharing is being meat-axed out of the budget? THE PRESIDENT. The administrative cuts are more than you describe, because they are scattered throughout the government. For instance, we are putting on a freeze in Federal Government hiring for 3 months. We will cut back 20,000 personnel who are employed by the Federal Government between now and October 557 Mar. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 of this year. The State revenue sharing funds have been incised from the budget by us, in a delicate way. [Laughter] And we will advocate that part of those funds, particularly those that were passed through formally to the local governments, will be retained and targeted specifically on the communities that are most in need. I might also say that we have tried to modify the other programs, for instance, in credit restraints, to protect those that add most to our own economy and who can honestly say they've been affected most adversely. The homebuilding industry has been protected as much as possible. Credit restraints are not being imposed on people who are buying homes and automobiles. And we are trying to exclude the impact of those credit restraints on small businesses and on farmers, because they are highly vulnerable to those changes. And as you well know, we have had some substantial reaction in the marketplace. The dollar has strengthened tremendously. Gold has dropped. Silver dropped because of this and other reasons, as you know, and I think now the market has fairly well stabilized-at least it is today. You can't control what happens in those international markets, but they have been highly approving of the action that we've taken. It's going to be a steady, consistent, and persistent effort. I will not consider, by the way, any reduction in taxes until after I am convinced that the 1981 budget will be balanced. The breadth of the program is far beyond the balancing of the budget. But I don't think any program would have been credible, no matter how far-reaching it might have been, had we not exercised self-discipline on ourselves in balancing the Federal budget. It's a symbolic thing, but it's also a substantive thing to do it. When I was running for Presidentthank you for your support,- both of youin 1976 we had a deficit of more than $66 billion, which was about 4Y/2 percent of our gross national product. Even with our original '81 budget we had cut that 4%2 percent down to six-tenths of 1 percent deficit as a percentage of the G.N.P. And now, of course, we'll have a zero deficit. This will mean that the Federal Government will not be borrowing any appreciable amount of money after April 15, this year, and we will not be borrowing any new money throughout the fiscal year 1981. We will remove a lot of pressure or competition in the credit markets, which will make it easier for other borrowers to get the limited funds which will be available. We expect substantial reductions, in the near future, we hope, in interest rates and inflation rates-certainly, I hope, by the end of this year. I would like to see it done before the first week in November if possible. [Laughter] And I think next year we intend to see additional help. But it's not pleasant to have cuts like this, and I think the Congress has been extraordinarily courageous. Many of the proposals were originated, I would say, by the Congress, but we've had a very close, perhaps even an unprecedented degree of cooperation. Maybe one more question. Q. Mr. President, I guess I'd better say I'm on the other side of the aisle. THE PRESIDENT. Very good. Q. I was curious, where you've talked about using the scalpel approach. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. In the States, we've oftentimes had the argument of States rights, that the States should be handling a certain area. What would be your attitude, were a group like this to be able to reach a con 558 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 28 sensus opinion-the Federal role and the Federal system-if we were to assume a certain role, what would your attitude be toward doing away with the program area and all the rules and regulations that are concomitant to that? THE PRESIDENT. The three proposals that I outlined earlier, that we are going to address with the help of many of you and with the representatives of Governors and mayors and local officials, were proposed to me by Governor Busbee of Georgia after he consulted with other Governors. He pointed out, I think quite accurately, that the Governors are not overjoyed at the decision we made on State revenue sharing, LEAA funds, and others. But he thought that if we could sit down during this year, knowing that you can't change the definition of categorical grants and so forth as peremptorily as you can change the budget, and address those three particular items: how to define more advisedly the responsibility of the Federal Government on the one hand, the State Government on another, and then the local governments, reassess that whole program; how to redefine how many of the programs that the Federal Government puts on your shoulders and on local governments' shoulders that require very large expenditures on your part to administer the programs after they are initiated, which you did not anticipatethis was a constant problem for me when I was Governor-and third, again in a very sensitive way, protecting the interests of those who might be affected adversely, to see which of the categorical grant programs can be consolidated to save on administrative cost and also to make them be more effective in the delivery of services for the same allocation of funds. Now, that's a sensitive issue because, as you know, many recipient groups are very proud of the categorical grant applying directly to them, and mayors are much more cautious about consolidation of programs than are State legislators and Governors. But I think the addressing of those three basic issues, along with the more rapid reductions in the 1981 budget, will be beneficial to our country in the long run. I might say in closing that I'm very grateful that you would let me come over here. I enjoyed two terms in the Georgia State Senate and learned a lot from it. I enjoyed one term in the Georgia Governor's office and learned a lot from it. And the last few months, I have thought a lot more of those two original jobs that I did sometimes during my political career. [Laughter] Thank you very much for letting me be able to speak to you. NOTE: The President at 1:30 p.m. in the Colonial Room at the Mayflower Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to State Speaker pro-tem Richard S. Hodes of Florida, president-elect of the National Conference of State Legislatures, and State Senator Ross Doyen of Kansas, vice president of the National Conference. 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow Memorandum on Prohibition of U.S. Transactions With Respect to the Olympic Games. March 28, 1980 Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce Subject: Prohibiting Transactions with respect to the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of 559 Mar. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the United States, including the Export Administration Act of 1979, 50 U.S.C.A. app. sec. 2401 et seq., and for the purpose of carrying out my decision against any United States participation in or aid to the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow, I hereby direct the Secretary of Commerce, by appropriate regulations and to the extent he deems appropriate to carry out the purposes of this directive, to prohibit the export to the U.S.S.R. directly or indirectly of any goods or technology by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States which are in connection with such Games, and to prohibit payments or transactions which are in any way related to arrangements involving or requiring such exports, where such payments or transactions could provide financial support for such Games. I am taking this action in the foreign policy interests of the United States, and I hereby determine in accordance with the Export Administration Act of 1979 that the absence of the export controls imposed by this Order would be detrimental to the foreign policy interests of the United States and that reasonable efforts have been made to achieve the purposes of such controls through alternative means. All powers and authorities conferred upon me by the Export Administration Act of 1979 to impose foreign policy controls are hereby delegated to the Secretary of Commerce or any person, agency or instrumentality designated by him to carry out the purposes of this directive. In carrying out his functions and responsibilities under this Order, the Secretary of Commerce shall consult, as appropriate, with other government agencies and private persons. JIMMY CARTER 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow White House Statement on Prohibition of U.S. Transactions With Respect to the Olympic Games. March 28, 1980 The invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union and the continuing interference by the Soviet Union in the internal affairs of that country constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. An overwhelming majority of the U.N. General Assembly, including countries of varying political and religious persuasions, economic strength, and geographical circumstance, have joined in a condemnation of the Soviet Union's aggression. In response to the Soviet action, the President has taken certain national defense measures. He has also imposed a number of restraints on normal economic, cultural, and political exchanges with the Soviet Union. These have included an embargo on grain and other agricultural products, an embargo on phosphate shipments, and the application of more rigorous restrictions on the export of high technology and other strategic commodities. With respect to the Moscow summer Olympics, the President has announced that neither he nor the American people would support the participation in the Olympics by the U.S. Olympic Team, and he has urged U.S. businesses not to participate in or contribute to the holding of the summer games in Moscow. The President is now taking additional steps to make clear the United States Government's firm opposition to participation in the Moscow summer games. He has 560 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 28 today directed the Secretary of Commerce to take the following actions: 1. To deny all pending validated license applications for goods and technology to be used in support of or in connection with the summer Olympic games in Moscow; 2. To revoke all outstanding export licenses for Olympic-related exports that have not already been shipped; 3. To impose validated license controls on all exports not now requiring validated licenses to be used in support of or in association with the summer Olympic games in Moscow. No such licenses shall be granted; 4. To prohibit other transactions and payments associated with all Olympicrelated exports. Among other transactions, the order will bar NBC from making any further payments or exports under its contracts relating to the United States television rights for the Olympic games. (NBC has previously announced that it would not exercise these rights if no United States team took part in the games.) NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the statement to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. ORT Centennial Day, 1980 Proclamation 4740. March 28, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The Organization for Rehabilitation through Training was founded by Jews in Czarist Russia on April 10, 1880, to give technical instruction to Russian Jews and allow them to enter the industrial workforce for the first time in their history. In the course of the following century, the Organization gradually expanded its scope to include vocational training and technical education for unskilled men and women of many races and religions on several continents. On its 100th Anniversary, ORT is the largest voluntary, nongovernmental job training program in the world. By providing training in over 100 trades-including transportation, education, engineering, mining, agriculture, hygiene, public health, and commerce-ORT has helped more than two million people in their efforts to overcome poverty. The Organization has been a thread of hope even under the harshest of circumstances. It continued to function in the Warsaw ghetto until the very morning of the 1943 uprising. Among its other proud achievements, ORT can count the rehabilitation of survivors of Nazi persecution in the DP camps of postwar Europe as well as its recent collaboration with the Agency for International Development on programs to modernize Third World countries during the Decade of Development. Today, as ORT celebrates its centennial, its basic educational network extends to 24 countries and serves 100,000 students in 700 schools. It has helped to lay foundations of individual pride and self-sufficiency all over the world, and the consistent quality of its performance has been an inspiration and an indispensable aid to progress. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, call upon all Americans to join me in observing April 10, 1980, as ORT Centennial Day. 561 Mar. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-eighth day of March in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:32 p.m., March 28, 1980] National Bicycling Day Proclamation 4741. March 28, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Bicycling is finally breaking away in this country, making racers and riders out of a hundred million Americans. Whether they are huffing up mountain roads on vacation or commuting a few miles to work every day, bicycle riders are using their energy to save our energy, while their pumping legs mean pumping hearts and better health. One of the most energy-efficient forms of transportation known to man, bicycle riding is bound to become even more popular in the energyconscious, health-conscious future. The Congress, by joint resolution (H.J. Res. 414), has authorized and requested the President to designate the first day of May, 1980, as National Bicycling Day. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby declare May 1, 1980, National Bicycling Day. I call upon the people of the United States and interested groups and organizations to observe that day with appropriate ceremonies and events. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have here unto set my hand this twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:30 a.m., March 31, 1980] Federal Trade Commission Statement on Signing H.J. Res. 514 Into Law. March 28, 1980 The failure over the last 3 years to provide the Federal Trade Commission with an authorization has seriously disrupted the important consumer protection and antitrust activities of the agency and has caused great uncertainty for its 1,700 employees. I expect and hope that the HouseSenate conference, now meeting, would complete its work on a new authorization bill before this latest continuing resolution expires. I reiterate the commitment that I have previously made not to allow this agency to be picked to pieces by special interests and underscore my intention to veto any bill which cripples the ability of the FTC to protect the consumers of this country. NOTE: As enacted, H.J. Res. 514 is Public Law 96-219, approved March 28. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. 562 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 March 22 The President met with members of the National Security Council at Camp David, Md. March 23 The President returned to the White House from Camp David. March 24 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Ruben Bonilla, president of the League of United Latin American Citizens, and Lupe Saldana, chairman of the G.I. Forum; -Mrs. Georgia Neese Clark Gray, of Topeka, Kans. The President participated in the presentation of the National Space Club's Goddard Memorial Trophy to Robert A. Frosch, Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, on behalf of the NASA Voyager Project team. March 25 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -members of the American Agricultural Editors' Association; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The President attended a reception for members of the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers union in the State Dining Room at the White House. The President participated in a briefing on administration policies and programs given for Members of Congress in the East Room at the White House. March 26 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -the Democratic congressional leadership; -members of the Senate Appropriations Committee; -Mr. Moore; -Vice President Mondale, Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski. March 27 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -the Cabinet; -Mr. Moore; -representatives of the health care industry, to discuss medical care costs; -Representative Robert W. Edgar of Pennsylvania. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from California in the East Room at the White House. March 28 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Mr. Jordan, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; The President attended a reception for members of the National Urban Coalition on the State Floor of the White House. The President transmitted to the Con 563 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 gress the 1978 annual report on Mine Safety and Health Activities. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted March 24, 1980 JOHN S. MARTIN, JR., of New York, to be United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York for the term of 4 years, vice Robert B. Fiske, Jr., term expired. Submitted March 26, 1980 FRANCIS LEON JUNG, of Virginia, to be a member of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States for the term expiring September 30, 1980 (new position-P.L. 96-209). The following-named persons to be Members of the Board of Directors of the National Institute of Building Sciences for the terms indicated: For terms expiring September 7, 1980 RUDOLPH WILLIAM BRAMBERG, JR., of Florida, vice Robert F. Schmitt, term expired. S. EUGENE RUFF, of North Carolina, vice Charles H. Pillard, term expired. For a term expiring September 7, 1982 JOSEPH T. POWER, of Virginia (new position). WILLIAM F. FLOYD III, of Georgia (reappointment). WARNER HOWE, of Tennessee (reappointment). CHARLENE F. SIZEMORE, of West Virginia (reappointment). JEREMIAH THOMAS WALSH, of New York (reappointment). For a term expiring September 7, 1982 BLANCA G. CEDENO, of New York (reappointment). For terms expiring September 7, 1983 RUDOLPH WILLIAM BRAMBERG, JR., of Florida (reappointment). S. EUGENE RUFF, of North Carolina (reappointment). NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted March 28, 1980 STEPHEN J. FRIEDMAN, of New York, to be a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 5, 1981, vice Roberta S. Karmel, resigned. JOHN DAVID HOLSCHUH, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. ANN ALDRICH, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. GEORGE WASHINGTON WHITE, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released March 24, 1980 Fact sheet: Goddard Memorial Trophy Released March 25, 1980 News conference: on the Connecticut and New York Democratic Party primaries-by Press Secretary Jody Powell Released March 27, 1980 Fact sheet: Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980 Released March 28, 1980 Announcement: nomination of John David Holschuh to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio Announcement: nomination of George Washington White to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio Announcement: nomination of Ann Aldrich to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio Announcement: memorial service for members of the U.S. National Boxing Team killed in Warsaw, Poland, on March 14 564 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 CHECKLIST-Continued Released March 28-Continued Transcript: White House statement on prohibition of U.S. transactions with respect to the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow (as read by Press Secretary Jody Powell) ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved March 24, 1980 S. 2225 --- —---------- Public Law 96-214 An act to provide that receipts from certain sales of items by the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate to Senators and committees and offices of the Senate shall be credited to the appropriation from which such items were purchased. Approved March 25, 1980 S. 1454 --- —----------- Public Law 96-2 15 An act to authorize the voluntary interservice transfer of officers between the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Armed Forces, to authorize advance payments of pay and allowances to officers of such corps under the same conditions that apply to advance payments to members of the Armed Forces, and to provide officers of such corps ACTS APPROVED-Continued Approved March 25-Continued the same unemployment compensation benefits that apply to members of the Armed Forces. Approved March 27, 1980 S. 1682 --- —----------- Public Law 96-216 An act to amend the Act of August 9, 1955 (69 Stat. 539) (25 U.S.C. 415), as amended, to authorize a 99-year lease for the Moses Allotment Numbered 10, Chelan County, Washington. S. 2222 --- —----------- Public Law 96-217 An act to extend the time for commencing actions on behalf of an Indian tribe, band, or group, or on behalf of an individual Indian whose land is held in trust or restricted status. Approved March 28, 1980 H.J. Res. 414 --- —------ Public Law 96-218 A joint resolution authorizing the President to proclaim May 1, 1980, "National Bicycling Day". H.J. Res. 514 --- —------ Public Law 96-219 A joint resolution making additional funds available by transfer for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, for the Federal Trade Commission. H.R. 2782 --- —-------- Private Law 96-51 An act for the relief of John H. R. Berg. H.R. 4013 --- —-------- Private Law 96-52 An act for the relief of Jozef S. Widerski. 565 Week Ending Friday, April 4, 1980 Special Panel for Employment Discrimination Cases Nomination of James E. Jones, Jr., To Be Chairman. March 29, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate James E. Jones, Jr., of Madison, Wis., to be Chairman of the Special Panel which was created by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 to resolve conflicts between the Merit Systems Protection Board and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in employment discrimination cases. Jones has been a professor of law and industrial relations at the University of Wisconsin since 1969. He was born June 4, 1924, in Little Rock, Ark. He received a B.A. from Lincoln University in 1950, an M.A. from the University of Illinois in 1951, and a J.D. from the University of Wisconsin School of Law in 1956. From 1951 to 1953, Jones was an industrial relations analyst for the U.S. Wage Stabilization Board. He was with the U.S. Labor Department from 1956 to 1969, serving as a legislative attorney, as counsel for labor relations, as Director of the Office of Labor Management Policy Development, and as Associate Solicitor for the Division of Labor Relations and Civil Rights. Jones has been a professor of law and industrial relations at the University of Wisconsin since 1969 and is considered an expert in both civil service and civil rights law. He has been on the staff of the Institute for Research on Poverty since 1970 and has been director of the Center for Equal Employment and Affirmative Action at the University's Industrial Relations Research Institute since 1974. From 1971 to 1973, he was director of the Industrial Relations Research Institute. Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act Extension Statement on Signing S. 2269 Into Law. March 30, 1980 I am pleased to sign into law today S. 2269, to extend the economic emergency loan program through September 1980 and to increase the capital available under that program by $2 billion. The Farmers Home Administration's economic emergency loan funds are now exhausted. The operating credit that farmers need to plant their spring crops is extremely tight. The need to renew and extend this program is critical. In a period of overall fiscal restraint and economic sacrifice, it is important that we not allow the economic viability of our agricultural sector to be undermined. This measured response, in combination with the actions Secretary Bergland is taking to purchase wheat and feed grains, will provide needed relief. I have directed Secretary Bergland to ensure that these loans are primarily used to cover operating expenses and that they go where credit is tightest and to those farmers who need it most-in many cases, 567 Mar. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 farmers who could not produce another crop without this assistance. I want to take this opportunity personally to thank Chairman Talmadge of the Senate Agriculture Committee and Chairman Foley of the House Agriculture Committee for their dedicated leadership in securing passage of this bill. NOTE: As enacted, S. 2269 is Public Law 96 -220, approved March 30. Budget Revisions Remarks at the Message Signing Ceremony. March 31, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. As I prepare to sign the 1981 budget revisions, I would like to say that it's a very gratifying experience for me. Since we submitted the 1981 budgetwhich in itself was quite stringent, as everyone has found who has attempted to modify it downward-we were predicating our decisions then on the prospects for a very early recession and some continued moderation in the inflation rate. In the last few weeks, though, not only in our own Nation but throughout the world, there has been an extraordinary increase in the inflation rate, and the anticipated recession has not materialized. We've had unprecedented consultations with the Members of the Congress, both parties, obviously in the House and Senate, and with several hundred of them who have come here for personal briefings by me. There is a definite commitment, a sense of not only determination but confidence that we will succeed in having a balanced budget, with an appreciable surplus, as a matter of fact, for 1981. This balance in the budget has been brought about not by increasing revenues or taxes, but by reductions in expendi tures. This will be the first balanced budget that our Nation has had in 12 years, and only the second balanced budget in the last 20 years. Symbolically, it's extremely important in our anti-inflation program, and tangibly it is also very important, because it exercises self-discipline on the part of the Federal Government and it sets an example for the rest of our country to emulate. We've been very cautious in evolving these reductions in expenditures to make sure that they are broad in their scope, that they do encompass all elements of the budget, and are not concentrated on any particular portion of the recipient groups. They involve reductions in operating expenses, reductions in Federal overhead and personnel, administrative costs. The Defense Department is being required to reduce their expenditures by a billion dollars to absorb some of the increased burdens put on them by the activities in the China Sea and otherwise. We have made sure that these cuts are fair. We've dealt very closely with mayors, with Governors, and with the leaders of constituency groups in the last few weeks, to make sure that there is an equitable reduction and, particularly, with care being demonstrated by everyone that those who are most in need in our economy are treated with a special consideration. Although the poor and the deprived and those living on fixed incomes suffer most from inflation, we wanted to be very care[ful] not to slash those programs that deal so materially with the more unfortunate in our society. We have a real fight ahead. It is not going to be an automatic thing that we succeed, but I'm absolutely determined that we shall succeed. I will exercise my authority on rescissions and deferrals in the 1980 budget. I'll exercise my authority as President to veto bills that I consider to be 568 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 31 a threat to a balanced budget. And I will exercise my influence to ensure that the Members of the Congress who've already pledged their support will carry out those pledges along with me. There are no quick or easy answers to the inflation pressures on us. A balanced budget, in itself, is not adequate. The broad range of anti-inflation efforts are important, but I believe that our Nation can succeed in controlling inflation in the months ahead. It's important for the credibility of our entire anti-inflation effort for the budget to be balanced. And I'm extremely grateful to the members of the administration who are assembled here behind me, and to the leaders in the Congress who have worked so hard to cooperate with us on this series of reductions which would give us a balanced budget for 1981. This document will be transmitted to the Majority Leader and to the Vice President and to the Speaker of the House today. And I'm glad now to sign it officially, as President, with the full expectation it'll help us with our anti-inflation effort. [At this point, the President signed the copies of the message.] Jim, would you like to add a word? MR. MCINTYRE. Mr. President, I'd like to thank my staff and the cooperation we've received from the Cabinet in making this exercise possible. It's tough to cut any budget-particularly after you have gone through a budget season, to just move right into another one is very tough on all of us in the administration. But there was tremendous cooperation and a tremendous amount of spirit from the administration in putting this budget together. THE PRESIDENT. Jim, I thank you. Bill, would you like to say a word? SECRETARY MILLER. Mr. President, this has been a very important milestone in the fight against inflation. I think the points you've made need to be emphasized, particularly the point that there was such intense consultation with Congress. I think that gives assurance that this will not just be a proposal from the President but will achieve something that's eluded Presidents and Congresses for quite a while. I personally want to commend you for your leadership in making this possible. THE PRESIDENT. Well, everybody has worked very hard on this revision. I think that by far the most outstanding work has been done by OMB, who had to deal with, in effect, three budgets simultaneously: the early stages of the 1982 budget, the present stages of the '80 budget with rescissions and deferrals, and obviously with the 1981 budget, which I've just signed, as revised. Jim, I want to thank you for the good work you've done not only within the Office of Management and Budget but also with the Congress, on the Hill; and Bill, the Treasury; and my other economic advisers, I think you've done a good job. MR. MCINTYRE. Thank you, sir. THE PRESIDENT. Good luck to you. SECRETARY MILLEr. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, again. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Budget Revisions Message to the Congress Transmitting Revisions to the Fiscal Year 1981 Budget. March 31, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: During the first two months of the year, inflation took another sharp upward leap, both in the United States and abroad. 569 Mar. 31 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Actual prices and interest rates worsened, along with expectations about future inflation. Continued price increases of the size we have experienced would do grave harm to American society and the American economy. OPEC's December oil price discussions in Caracas proved inconclusive, and world oil price increases were far beyond expectations. But inflation outside of the energy sector also rose. The American economy continued to be unexpectedly strong. Consumer demand and business investment remained at higher levels than predicted. Since the Federal Reserve continued, correctly, to restrict the growth of the money supply, the surge in inflation and credit demands produced a sharp upward spiral in interest rates. To reverse these dangerous trends, I announced a five-point anti-inflation program. This program consists of spending cuts necessary to balance the budget for 1981, additional restraints on credit, wage and price actions, further energy conservation measures, and structural changes to enhance productivity, savings, and research and development. These measures are interrelated and interdependent. Taken together, they will be more than the sum of their parts. They will not reduce inflation immediately, but together they will produce a significant decline in inflation as the year progresses. At the center of this policy is my decision to cut Federal spending so as to balance the 1981 budget. In January, I submitted to the Congress a budget for 1981 that provided for substantial restraints on Federal spending and the lowest deficit in 7 years. After adjustment for inflation, the 1981 spending level was virtually level with that for 1980. It was a budget that followed in every respect the policies of restraint I have set during the past three years. However, in view of the continued high level of economic activity, and what has recently happened to inflation and interest rates, I have had to consider new policies. I must now ask the Congress and the American people to support a revised budget that is even more restrained and austere. Let me first explain the extraordinary way in which my budget reduction proposals have been developed. The budget, as it is finally enacted, is-as it should be under our Constitution-the joint product of the Congress and the executive branch. Because of the great importance we attach to reduced spending, the leadership of the Congress and I have done everything within our power to reach general understandings in advance on reduction proposals. I and senior members of my Administration met with Members of the Congress hour after hour, literally day and night, in order to reach consensus. The importance of cutting spending to achieve a balanced budget was never seriously in dispute. But agreements on the approach necessary to achieve this balance were not easy to reach. They could be worked out only through a lengthy and sometimes tedious process of consultation. The revision of the 1981 budget that accompanies this message describes my proposals for increased budget discipline. The principal actions are: -deferral, reduction, or cancellation of most of the new and expanded programs originally proposed in the 1981 budget; -a cut in expenditures for personnel, operations, and maintenance throughout the government; -an immediate limitation on Federal civilian employment, and rigid maintenance of employment ceilings to ensure that there will be at least 20,000 fewer 570 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 31 Federal employees by the end of fiscal year 1980 than there are now; -a reduction in ongoing spending programs throughout the Federal Government; -re-emphasis of the savings and revenue measures submitted in the January budget, including hospital cost containment, Federal pay reform, and cash management reforms; -defense efficiencies and savings that do not affect military readiness and are consistent with my continued commitment to real increases in defense spending; -a 15% reduction in the use of consultants throughout the Federal establishment; and -a freeze on basic salary increases for senior executive branch officials and members of the White House staff. These budgetary decreases are being supplemented by a series of actions taken by the Federal Reserve to achieve greater restraint on the expansion of credit in the private sector. Some of these actions have been taken under the authority granted by the Credit Control Act of 1969. The measures taken by the Federal Reserve will help to reduce inflation by slowing the growth of business loans and some forms of consumer credit. In addition to the actions of the Federal Reserve on private credit, the Administration will increase restraint of Federal credit programs: -Federal loan guarantees will be cut by $4 billion in fiscal year 1981. -My new system to control Federal credit activities will be strengthened by expanding significantly the amount of Federal insurance and guarantee activity subject to limits within the system. I urge the Congress to include Federal credit limitations in the concurrent budget resolutions. These measures will enable the Federal Government to control more effectively total lending and loan guarantee activity. As part of this anti-inflation program, I have used my existing authorities to impose a gasoline conservation fee on imported oil. In the budget revisions, I am proposing to replace this fee with an ad valorem equivalent gasoline tax that, at current prices, will yield 10 cents per gallon. I am also proposing the withholding of taxes on interest and dividend payments at the source to ensure that Federal income taxes owed on those payments are in fact paid, and paid promptly. The resulting receipts will not be used to balance the 1981 budget. They will not be used as a substitute for necessary spending cuts. Rather, these receipts will give the budget, which will be balanced independently of these sources of income, a margin of safety. This will ensure that the budget will remain in balance if estimates change in a way that cannot be predicted now. REVISED BUDGET OUTLOOK [In billions of dollars] 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 Budget receipts....................... 465. 9 532. 4 628. 0 724. 8 837. 8 Budget outlays...................... 493. 7 568. 9 611. 5 683.3 759. 0 Surplus or deficit (-).......... -27. 7 -36. 5 16. 5 41. 5 78. 9 Budget authority..................... 556. 7 665. 8 691. 3 777. 3 849. 1 571 Mar. 3 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Success in reducing spending to achieve a balanced budget will require prompt action by the Congress. To achieve substantial outlay savings for 1981, the Congress must act before the fiscal year begins. I particularly urge prompt and constructive action on rescissions of 1980 budget authority, so as to produce outlay reductions at least equal to my proposals. I also urge prompt enactment of proposals to modify certain programs that now have two automatic inflation adjustments a year so that they conform to the normal practice of annual adjustments. I will do everything in my power to ensure that my budget proposals are realized. I repeat that I intend to veto any legislation that threatens the spending reductions required for a balanced budget. I will use the powers available to me to defer spending or to rescind funds. If adequate steps are not being taken by the Congress to achieve the required fiscal restraint, I intend to seek from the Congress a temporary grant of extraordinary budget restraint powers. We are not alone in facing recent rapid inflation at annual rates nearing 20%o. Wholesale prices have been increasing at annual rates in excess of 25% in Italy, Great Britain, and Japan. Even in Germany increases have been over 13%. Many other countries are responding as we are, by reevaluating their budgets and seeking reductions. There are no quick or easy answers to this worldwide inflation. It is deep-rooted, the result of many forces built up over the past decade and a half. No single measure-by itself-will stop inflation. My five-point program to strengthen the fight against inflation has as an essential element the spending reductions needed for a balanced 1981 budget. Those who say that we cannot stop inflation simply by balancing the 1981 budget miss the point. Balancing the budget is not a cure-all, but it is an essential element in the more comprehensive program. I believe that no overall anti-inflation program can work until the Federal Government has demonstrated to the American people that it will discipline its own spending and its own borrowing-not just for one year or two, but as a long-term policy. JIMMY CARTER March 31, 1980. NOTE: The President's message is printed in the report entitled "Fiscal Year 1981 Budget Revisions, March 1980" (Government Printing Office, 81 pages). Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 Remarks on Signing H.R. 4986 Into Law. March 31, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. This morning we are assembled in the White House to take action which will have far-reaching, beneficial effects on our Nation. Not only will it help to control inflation, but it will also strengthen our financial institutions, our thrift institutions and commercial banks, and in addition to that it will help small savers and address more effectively the relationship of the Federal Reserve System with the banks throughout our Nation. Let me begin with some commendations. I think Bill Miller deserves a great deal of credit for having pursued this effort, even when the prospects for success were very bleak, first of all as Chairman of the Federal Reserve System, and later of course as Secretary of the Treasury. We have had good support in the Congress 572 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 3 1 from' Bill Proxmire, from Henry Reuss, from Fred St Germain, who's here this morning with us. And also, to make it nonpartisan, or bipartisan, I'm particularly grateful that Bill Stanton, Jake Garn, and many others have come this morning to commemorate this historic event. As you can well imagine, in legislation of this breadth and importance, many others played a crucial role, and I'm very grateful to all those who had a part. This is a moment of great gratification to me and, in addition, to the feeling of gratitude to persons that I've just described. Last spring we began to become more and more concerned about the issues that affected our Nation as inflation was beginning to build up and as the rate of savings in our country was constantly dropping. I recommended to the Congress a landmark financial reform bill, which I will be signing in a few minutes into law. This is not only a significant step in reducing inflation, but it's a major victory for savers, and particularly for small savers. It's a progressive step for stronger financial institutions of all kinds. And it's another step in a long but extremely important move toward deregulation by the Federal Government of the private enterprise system of our country. We've already had remarkable success in deregulation in the airline industry, this in financial institutions; we hope that the Congress will soon pass the regulatory reform act and that we can have success in the deregulation of the rail industry, trucking industry, and the communication industry. As you know, under existing law, which this bill will change, our banks and savings institutions are hampered by a wide range of outdated, unfair, and unworkable regulations. Especially unfair are interest rate ceilings that prohibit small savers from receiving a fair market return on their deposits. It's a serious inequity that favors rich investors over the average savers. Today's legislation will gradually eliminate these ceilings and allow, through competition, higher rates for savers. It provides an orderly transition for institutions to develop new investment powers. Most significant of all, perhaps, it can help improve our Nation's very low savings rate. Now not much more than 3 percent of earnings go into savings, perhaps the lowest rate in the last 30 years. And of course, this small savings rate has been a major factor in increased inflation. This encouragement of savings is important not only to consumers but also to financial institutions in the breadth of our financial system. The new law will permit institutions to prevent or to overcome the previous wide cyclical changes and swings and to develop a more stable deposit base. This can help ensure steadier flow of credit for productive uses, especially housing. It can keep down financing costs and, again, help defuse the pressing burden of inflation. This law assures the ability of a strong and independent Federal Reserve to manage the Nation's monetary affairs by encouraging bank membership in the Federal Reserve System. And finally, this law makes possible a broad range of new services for consumers and makes major progress toward giving savings institutions the investment powers to pay fair and competitive rates and to meet housing credit needs. These services include interest-bearing checking accounts, automatic transfer services at commercial banks, share drafts at credit unions, and remote service units at thrift institutions. Our financial system today, as you know, is the envy of the entire world. The continued strength and competitiveness 573 Mar. 31 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 of all sectors of this system, and indeed the entire free enterprise system of our Nation, is a high priority for my administration and for the Congress. In accordance with this new law, we will begin immediately the study of actions that can ensure the continued vitality of our thrift institutions and, in accordance with the law, will make that report available to the Congress later on this year. We have accomplished some major changes with strong congressional support. In the final analysis, it's the entire American public who will benefit. And now I'd like to sign into law this remarkable and very far-reaching and basic new bill that will accomplish these benefits for the American people. And my thanks again to all those who've had a part in this effort. [At this point, the President signed the bill.] SECRETARY MILLER. Mr. President, this is indeed landmark legislation, the most important legislation dealing with banking and finance in nearly half a century. Like most important legislative actions, it has been the work of many people; it has taken considerable time to forge a program of such breadth and scope and importance. And I must say that I have been impressed in my 2 years in Washington in dealing with this subject at the tremendous cooperation between the administration, the congressional leadership, and the private sector in working out this important new program. This act, as the President has pointed out, establishes the first time in our history a central bank for the entire Nation. And it makes major reforms in improving the competitive environment and the security arrangements and the services which financial institutions can provide for the public. It helps the institutions, it strengthens our financial system, and it favors all Americans and all consumers. It is not the end of the road-because there will be continuing needs-but it is a modernization that prepares our economic system to deal with the issues of the eighties and nineties, moving from the sixties and seventies into the new world we must deal with, in continuing to wage the war against inflation. I certainly want to express my appreciation to all those who worked with me in making it possible, and I am most appreciative of the opportunity to be here today. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Last May, and even a few months ago, the prospects for successful passage of this act was very doubtful. I think the teamwork that went into this effort, by Bill Miller, Paul Volcker, and others, is extremely significant. But I would particularly like for the group, in closing, to recognize the remarkable courage and tenacity and confidence that exemplified the work of the key Members of Congress, who are assembled here on the platform with me. Theirs is the gratitude that we owe, and I want to let them know how much we appreciate this remarkable achievement. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:33 a.m. at the signing ceremony in the East Room at the White House. As enacted, H.R. 4986 is Public Law 96-221, approved March 31. Death of Jesse Owens Statement by the President. March 31, 1980 The news of the death of Jesse Owens saddens our Nation. Perhaps no athlete better symbolized the human struggle against tyranny, poverty, and racial bigotry. His personal triumphs as a world-class athlete and recordholder were the prelude 574 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Mar. 31 to a career devoted to helping others. His work with youth athletics, as an unofficial ambassador overseas and as a spokesman for freedom, are a rich legacy to his fellow Americans. Rosalynn and I send our deepest condolences to his wife and children and to the countless friends he made in a lifetime of service. Import Quota for Upland Cotton Proclamation 4742. March 31, 1980 ESTABLISHMENT OF A SPECIAL LIMITED GLOBAL IMPORT QUOTA FOR UPLAND COTTON By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation 1. Section 103(f) (1) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as added by section 602 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (91 Stat. 913, 934; 7 U.S.C. 1444(f) (1)), provides that whenever the Secretary of Agriculture determines that the average price of Strict Low Middling one and onesixteenth inch cotton (mircroaire 3.5 through 4.9), hereinafter referred to as "Strict Low Middling cotton," in the designated spot markets for a month exceeded 130 per centum of the average price of such quality of cotton in such markets for the preceding thirty-six months, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President shall immediately establish and proclaim a special limited global import quota for upland cotton. The amount of such quota is to be equal to twenty-one days of domestic mill consumption of upland cotton at the seasonally adjusted average rate of the most recent three months for which data are available and is to remain in effect for a ninety-day period. 2. The Secretary of Agriculture has informed me that he has determined that the average price of Strict Low Middling cotton in the designated spot markets for the month of February 1980 has exceeded 130 per centum of the average price of such cotton in such markets for the preceding 36 months. The Secretary's determination was based upon the following data: (a) The average price of Strict Low Middling cotton in the designated spot markets for the month of February 1980 was 80.66 cents per pound. (b) The average price of Strict Low Middling cotton in the designated spot markets for the 36 months preceding the month of February 1980 (February 1977 through January 1980) was 60.34 cents per pound. 3. Twenty-one days of domestic mill consumption of upland cotton, which is any variety of the Gossypium hirsutum species of cotton, at the seasonally adjusted rate of the most recent three months for which data are available (November 1979-January 1980) is 244,030,605 pounds. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and Statutes of the United States of America, including section 103(f) (1) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as added by section 602 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, and in order to establish a special ninety-day limited global import quota for 244,030,605 pounds of upland cotton, do proclaim that Part 3 of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States is hereby modified by inserting in numerical sequence the following temporary provision: 575 Mar. 31 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 "Item Article Quota quantity 955. 07 Notwithstanding any other quantitative limitations on the importation of cotton, upland cotton, if accompanied by an original certificate of an official of a government agency of the country in which the cotton was produced attesting to the fact that cotton is a variety of the Gossypium hirsutum species of cotton, may be entered during the 90-day period April 3, 1980 through July 2, 1980. 244,030,605 pounds". IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:38 p.m., March 31, 1980] American Hostages in Iran Remarks to Reporters. April 1, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. As I'm sure you realize, we have been seeking a positive development in Iran and have had in mind the transfer of the American hostages from control of the militants to the care and protection of the Iranian Government. If this action had not been taken, or is not taken, we were considering additional sanctions against Iran and had notified the Iranian Government of that fact. This morning, the President of Iran has announced that the hostages' control would be transferred to the Government of Iran, which we consider to be a positive step. In light of that action, we do not consider it appropriate now to impose additional sanctions. We will monitor the situation very closely. We would like to see this positive development continue, and our foremost consideration and our constant effort will be devoted to the hostages and their return to this country and to freedom. Q. Mr. President, are you now assured that the hostages will, in fact, be transferred, and if so, when? Is that a factor in your decision today? THE PRESIDENT. We have no assurance that this will be done except that the President of Iran has announced that it will be done. Q. When do you think they'll be actually released and home and safe? And will you meet the conditions that Iran has laid down in terms of no involvement, no conspiring, or whatever they are saying? THE PRESIDENT. We do not consider it necessary at this time to impose additional sanctions, but that is always an option open to us. The best assumption now is that the President of Iran is speaking for his government and that the hostages will indeed be transferred to the care and the protection of the government itself. Q. Well, do you know when they'll be actually released, I mean, brought home? THE PRESIDENT. I presume that we will know more about that as the circumstances develop. We do not know the exact time schedule at this moment. Q. Are we now willing to wait in this posture until the parliament convenes and takes up the hostage issue there? THE PRESIDENT. Well, we want the 576 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 hostages to be released completely as soon as possible. I think the only thing I can say now is, based upon the statement of the President of Iran, that the hostages will be transferred to the care and protection of the Iranian Government. And if that is carried out, then I see no reason to impose additional sanctions against Iran at this time. We will assume that the President will carry out the commitment that he has made early this morning, and if that assumption is proven to be accurate, then I do not intend to impose additional sanctions. Q. Have you agreed to the conditions set by Bani-Sadr-no hostile action by the United States, no provocation and no propaganda? THE PRESIDENT. We will maintain the present restraints on trade that have already been imposed against Iran, including the holding of their assets in our country and the prohibition against any trade with Iran. But I do not consider it appropriate at this time to impose additional sanctions, since we have had, in response to our earlier message, an answer from the Government of Iran through their President that the control and the protection and the care of the hostages will be transferred from the militants to the government. Q. What did you actually threaten, and do you think that your threats were the cause of the breakthrough? THE PRESIDENT. I'm sorry? Q. I said, what did you actually threaten, and do you think that your threats were the cause of the breakthrough? THE PRESIDENT. We had decided to impose additional sanctions, and this fact was made known both to the public and to the Government of Iran. This was done about a week ago, and the Iranian Government has considered the entire situation, as have we. The President of Iran has made a positive step by announcing that the control of the hostages and their protection and care would be shifted to the Iranian Government, and because of that positive step, we do not intend to carry out additional sanctions against Iran at this time. REPORTERS. Thank you, Mr. President. NOTE: The President spoke at 7:20 a.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO Remarks at the National Conference. April 1, 1980 Thank you very much, President Bob Georgine and my friends in the building and construction trades. I come to speak to you in a time of intense commitment on the part of all Americans to resolve successfully the challenges that present themselves to us. I was scheduled to be with you yesterday afternoon, but we were required, because of late developments in Iran, to have a National Security Council meeting. And then I met, following that, with the leaders of the House and Senate from the Democratic and Republican parties. As you know, the President of Iran announced early this morning that the American hostages will be transferred from the militants to the care and the protection of the Iranian Government. We have had good messages out of Iran before. This action, if taken, will be a positive step, and as the announced transfer takes place, we will defer imposing additional sanctions which we had planned to take for the time being. We will 577 Apr. I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 continue the existing sanctions that have already been in effect against Iran. We will continue to work for the earliest possible release of the innocent American hostages. And this afternoon, I would like to set the record straight on one issue. No one in the Government of the United States has apologized to anyone in the Government of Iran because-[applause]-and the reason is that we have nothing for which to apologize. And another point I'd like to make, to set the record straight: We have not condoned nor expressed any understanding of or approval of the seizure by the militants of the innocent American hostages in Tehran, nor will we ever condone or approve of the seizing of our hostages in Tehran. We are going through some difficult times together; there's no need for me to try to mislead you about that. But we must remember that in spite of these challenges, questions, problems, obstacles, we still live in the greatest and the strongest nation on Earth, and we can meet, together, even the most serious possible challenges that lie before us. Overseas, we face threats to our Nation's security, and at home, we face very serious threats to our economic security and to the well-being of many Americans. Now is not the time to throw stones at one another nor to try to find scapegoats. We need to act courageously and in concert with one another. These threats challenge us to act together in a challenge of patriotism. I can think of no more patriotic men and women than those in the American labor movement. You prove it today, and you have always proved it throughout the history of our country. Our overriding concern, above everything else, must be our national securityour military security, our energy security, and our economic security. There is no more powerful force for peace than the United States of America-a beacon for freedom and for human rights, committed to world peace for all, and strong militarily. And our military power today is second to none on Earth, and as long as I am President and share this commitment of the American people, the United States will stay this way. I want to express a concern to you, however. For the last 15 years, Soviet defense spending has been growing at a steady and a very rapid rate. Until 1977, real defense spending in the United States had declined for 8 straight years. That has now been reversed, and we are rapidly making up lost ground that occurred in those years. We are and we will remain ready to defend our vital interests wherever they are threatened. In Iran, we have been restrained and patient. And patience is not an ordinary characteristic of American people, but we place a high value on human life, on the human lives of 53 innocent Americans, and we also place a high value on their personal freedom. It is not a sign of weakness when a powerful nation like ours is patient in order to preserve precious American lives. I have worked day and night, literally. I was up this morning at 4:30, and this has not been the first time that we have worked during the night for the safe release of these innocent Americans who are held hostage. But our patience is not endless, and the Iranian Government must realize that failure to bring this outrage to an end is directly contrary to the best interests not only of ourselves and the hostages but also contrary to the best interests of the Iranian people. In that same region, Iran and other nations of the world face the ominous threat of Soviet aggression. Led by the United States, almost all nations, 104 of us, have 578 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 condemned the invasion of Afghanistan and have called for the Soviets' withdrawal of their troops from that peaceloving and deeply religious country. We have made and we are making the Soviets pay a high economic and diplomatic price for their miscalculation. They have underestimated the strength and the courage of the freedom fighters in Afghanistan; they have underestimated the condemnation that has fallen on them from the Moslem countries of the world; and they have underestimated the strength and the resolve and the tenacity and the commitment of the American people to stand firm against this unwarranted aggression. We will stand firm. We will not yield. We want and we expect our allies and other nations on Earth to join us. But in any case we will be forceful and persistent and let the beneficial influence of our great Nation be exerted for peace and for freedom. I have served clear notice that any attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force. When I took office a little more than 3 years ago I pledged to work tirelessly for peace. I would like to remind you that our Nation is at peace. I would like to remind you that every action we have taken has been effective action, but it has been peaceful action for ourselves and for others. We have accomplished much. The Panama Canal treaties, peace between Egypt and Israel-and I will be meeting with President Sadat next week and the following week with Prime Minister Begin to continue that process of bringing peace to that troubled region and enhancing the security of Egypt and Israel and therefore enhancing the security of the United States. We have normalized relations with China, a billion people, more than a fourth of the entire population of the world. And we have preserved the good relationships that we have long enjoyed with the people on Taiwan. We've opened up a new era of relationships, good relationships with the people of the Third World, and we have made a bold and consistent drive for human rights. But we must remember that peace ultimately rests on our unity and our strength and our resolve. We cannot waver. Winston Churchill once called World War II the unnecessary war, because the Allies did not stand up to aggression until it was too late. We cannot allow another such mistake. I would like to point out to you again something that you also know. Security overseas requires security at home. Our world leadership, on a continuing basis, depends upon our overcoming the problems of energy and inflation. The most important domestic challenge and responsibility that we have is to reduce inflation and the high interest rates that inevitably accompany high inflation. These economic problems are the worldwide consequences of enormous and unprecedented increases in the price of energy. In the last year alone, the price of energy has increased more than all time in history, even since oil was first discovered. The fact that other nations share the same burdens or worse ones is of little comfort to us in the United States. This is a time for a wise and resolute action, and for courage and unity again as a strong nation. Last week, the Congress enacted the key to our Nation's first comprehensive energy policy, the windfall profits tax. Last year, I pledged to you in San Diego that with your help we would get that tax. 579 Apr. I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Bob, that's one more commitment that you and all your members and the Congress have helped me to meet. The windfall profits tax will finance not only a massive drive for energy security for our country but one of the biggest construction projects in the history of the world. In the next 10 years at least $227 billion, which will result in reduced oil company profits, but increased profits for the American people-a lot of that benefit will come to you and your members. We have worked hard for the last 3 years to develop a national energy policy since I made my first major speech on this subject-exactly 3 years ago this month-which will reduce our excessive dependence on foreign oil. Saying this many times does not lessen the importance of these figures. We are now spending every week for imported oil more than $1.7 billion. That's hard to understand, but it amounts to an average of $1,500 for every single family in the United States this year, and more than $1,000 for every household in the United States. Instead of security, this enormous purchase of oil from overseas costs us in inflation, it costs us in unemployment, and it also means that we have the constant threat of other nations cutting off oil supplies and damaging our Nation's security. Now, with a new, effective energy policy, we can begin to keep that money here and to invest in American industry and to hire American workers, and in the development of American energy we can control our supplies and no one else can embargo them. You and I learned long ago that conservation of energy is important, but conservation by itself is not enough. We must start now and build an energy base for the 21st century, and we have the construction workers right here to build that base for the United States. When future generations look back on these days, I want them to Know this period as the time we turned our energy problems around and therefore addressed directly and effectively our economic problems. I'm determined to build a future of which we can be proud, a secure future. And I want to build it with your help, and that also means controlling inflation, which jeopardizes our economic security. I do not need to tell you and you do not need to tell me how bad inflation is or that many of its causes are beyond our control. Inflation is worldwide, lately reaching extremely high levels, even in countries like Japan, Great Britain, Italy, France, West Germany. High inflation has persisted at an average rate of 8 percent or more during the last dozen years in our country in order to gain its present force. But at its core, inflation can be controlled, but only if we act courageously and with persistence over a longer period of time. Rather than detail to you the anti-inflation program that I unveiled or described 2 weeks ago, just let me describe briefly the principles that I have followed. First, we had to take tough action to jolt an inflation rate that is explosive. Inflation this year has threatened to break through its previous limits and get completely out of control if we had not acted. Some have said the action was too forceful, but had we been excessively timid, then our attempts would have been fruitless. Second, these measures require discipline and self-restraint, and there is no avoiding this reality. There are no easy answers. There are no magic solutions. There are no legislative shortcuts which can simply by law outlaw inflation. Third, uncontrolled inflation, unfortunately, hits many people much harder than others. Inflation is an inconvenience 580 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 for the rich, but it is disastrous, as you well know, for working families, for the poor, and for the elderly. More than anyone else they need our help, your help and mine, in the fight against inflation. And finally, the American people need and expect leadership, and I might say that the Congress has been remarkably cooperative during these recent days. The American people expect honesty. They want to be told the truth. They expect fairness, equity, and they expect discipline from their own government. A government that comes up short and borrows the difference year after year after year cannot expect to tell others that they must live within their means. That's why I sent the Congress yesterday our Nation's first balanced budget in 12 years, the second one in 20 years. I did have to reduce or to delay some programs for which both you and I have worked hard. But we acted with sensitivity and with special compassion for those who are most in need. I've asked Americans to work together and to share responsibility. Last fall you signed with me a national accord of voluntary action on your part to help fight inflation. It has been very effective, and I'm grateful for your help and your leadership. You've taken some heat for restraining wage demands, but because of your cooperation, wage increases have not been the cause of this speedup in inflation. I need your continued restraint this year. In return, I pledge a tough, expanded, monitoring program to come down hard on unjustified price increases. Over the last year and a half most major corporations, like most of organized labor, have pledged cooperation with our voluntary wage and price program. The items which have been extraordinarily high in price have been things like food and energy, over which it is very difficult to exercise control. Several large firms have been cited by the Wage and Price Stability Council, and they've taken responsible action to reduce prices so as to comply with the price standards. I made a telephone call to the president of Sears Roebuck one afternoon because they were out of compliance, and I said, "Tomorrow morning I'm calling a press conference to let the American people know about this problem." And he said, "Mr. President, would you just give me a couple of hours before?" And I waited, and he called back in a responsible way and said, "We're reducing all the prices in our catalog. We're refunding overcharges, and in our open stores we're taking action also to comply with the price guidelines." Warner-Lambert has done the same, Faberge, and others that I could name. Other companies have cut their prices even before they were cited by the Council on Wage and Price Stability, including companies like the aluminum company [ALCOAI,1 the Greybor Electric Company, Scott Paper, and others. But a few have not cooperated. Some companies in your industries have been found out of compliance, including Ideal Basic Industries and National Gypsum Company. A number of oil companies have also been cited for noncompliance-the Charter Company, Murphy Oil, and Crown Central Petroleum. You may have read over the weekend that one major oil company, Mobil, has refused to act to bring itself back under the price standard, although Mobil's overcharges to their customers in the third quarter of last year alone amounted to over $45 million. This company was asked to trim prices on future sales long enough to bring itself back into compliance, but it refused. 'White House clarification. 581 Apr. 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 It's difficult to understand the attitude of these firms when our Nation needs help in controlling inflation and when most businesses are acting responsibly to observe the price standards of the anti-inflation program. It's only fair for the American public to know which companies refused to take reasonable action to comply with the volunteer standards. More than anyone in this country, you understand that our hard-won economic gains are at stake. In 3 years, as Bob Georgine pointed out, working together we have created in this country a record-setting 9 million new jobs-9 million more people at work than there were 3 years ago, a million more construction workers at work-because of our mutual commitment to jobs. I'd like to point out to you that between 1977 and the projected budget of 1983, we will have committed several hundred billion dollars-probably in the neighborhood of half a trillion dollars-to programs that directly put people to work by building new facilities and by providing vital services. But we cannot continue to send $80 billion overseas to pay for foreign oil indefinitely and still expect real progress towards full employment. That tremendous drain of capital saps our ability to create new jobs and contributes to high inflation and high interest rates. I'm committed to full employment. But I know that we must have energy and anti-inflation programs that permit us to sustain full employment over the long term. It's up to us to solve inflation. It's up to people who are committed to full employment and economic justice, like all those assembled here in this room. We must act together with the full knowledge that if we fail, somebody else will try to solve this problem who do not have our commitment to jobs and to economic justice. During this election year, we are hearing again from people whose solution is to destroy the gains that have been made for the working people of America. Last week, in the Senate a move was finally defeated which would have called for the additional budget cuts above and beyond those that I recommended yesterday of between $25 billion and $30 billion. This resolution was signed originally by 49 of the 100 Members of the Senate. It was defeated. But you can see the pressures that are coming if you and I are not successful in this common effort. These people are ready to dismantle programs that have taken decades to build. They are ready to cripple the right of workers to organize and to bargain collectively, to cripple workers' rights to a safe workplace, to a minimum wage, and to protection from hardships. They have already tried, as you well know, to repeal Davis-Bacon, but we stopped them. And if they try again, we will stop them again. And we also need some mutual work and some competence and sustained commitment to take care of some unfinished business. This Nation needs, and I support, labor law reform. This Nation needs, and I support, common situs legislation. And the last point I want to make is that in this election year, we also hear the easy promises-the promises that appeal to a particular audience at a particular time-that wage and price controls are the easy and the painless answer, when we know they've failed in the past and when we know how easy it is to freeze wages, but how difficult it is to freeze the prices of the necessities of life, like food and energy. We hear that we can just shut down our entire nuclear industry, and there are audiences eager to hear that, who are well organized and who play a major role in 582 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 some of the elections taking place throughout our country. We hear that we can freeze oil prices permanently, stopping the progress that is being made now in conservation and in the development, with your help, of United States energy production. And we hear that we need to take some actions against Russia, but only such actions that do not require any sacrifice and do not cost anything. In short, we hear all kinds of easy answers, that nobody has to give up anything anytime to pay for everything that we want. You and I, having direct responsibility for leadership, do not have the luxury of making easy promises. We must face the world as it is. That is what courageous Americans must do every day of our lives. That is what Americans have always done. In a time of crisis or challenge or difficulty, Americans want leadership, and they want it from us. I grew up, as a boy, in a region that was transformed by that kind of leadership. Part of my life-the first 14 yearswas before we had TVA and REA and the rest of the New Deal programs. But I saw those programs and others like social security and housing and public works give new hope and a new life to millions of Americans. In the last 3 years, working with you, I've been determined to strengthen those programs and put workers back on the job, and we've done that together. I am just as determined with your help-with some sacrifice required on a transient basis and with some temporary disappointments, yes-to control inflation in this country. I'm determined that we sustain the America that has international security, energy security, and economic security so vital in the 1980's. This is a decade of decision. It's a decade of challenge. And I think we ought to remember that it is our decade-it's your decade and mine. We must meet the challenges not with whining and complaining, not with trepidation about the future nor with fear, but with courage. We cannot flinch. I need your help and the Nation needs your help to make the dreams of the greatest nation on Earth come true. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 12:38 p.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Mother's Day, 1980 Proclamation 4743. April 1, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Each year, we set aside a special day of celebration to thank this Nation's mothers for the role they play in our lives. Mother's Day 1980 finds the always demanding role of being a mother made even more complex by the choices modern women have that were not available to women of previous generations. Today's mothers are involved in every aspect of business, politics, education, sports, the arts, the sciences, and government, and yet they still remain at the core of this Nation's greatest natural resource-the American family. Whether they seek careers or work full time in the home, mothers contribute immensely to our Nation's future by shaping the character of our children. That is why our observance of Mother's Day is so important. It provides us not only with an opportunity to honor our own mothers, but also to thank all the women who make this Nation stronger 583 Apr. 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 through their tireless devotion to their children. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby request that Sunday, May 11, 1980, be observed as Mother's Day. I direct Government officials to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings, and I urge all citizens to display the flag at their homes and other suitable places on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 9:51 a.m., April 2, 1980] Freight Rail Industry Deregulation Legislation Statement on Senate Approval of the Legislation. April 1, 1980 The Senate today passed the Railroad Transportation Policy Act of 1980 by a vote of 91-4. I want to congratulate Chairmen Howard Cannon and Russell Long and Senators Robert Packwood and Nancy Kassebaum for their leadership on this bill. The railroad industry has suffered economic hardship over the past several decades. A major reason has been overregulation by the Interstate Commerce Commission. This legislation will provide needed relief from this costly and counterproductive regulatory burden, and will enable the railroads to better serve shippers through innovative rate and service offerings. At the same time, it provides adequate safeguards for captive shippers concerned about railroad rate increases. A sound railroad transportation system is essential to the economy and to our national energy goals. I applaud the Senate for its action, which is vital to the financial health of the railroad industry. I call on the House to move promptly in removing unnecessary regulation of this essential industry. Wisconsin and Kansas Democratic Party Primaries Statement by the White House Press Secretary. April 1, 1980 The President would like to express his deep appreciation to the voters of Wisconsin and of Kansas for the very important and very strong support shown his candidacy today. He's also asked that I express his personal thanks to the many hundreds of volunteers in both those States who helped to make these two important victories possible. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at 10:13 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 Remarks on Signing H.R. 3919 Into Law. April 2, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. We are here this morning to celebrate a great victory, and it's a victory for every single American citizen. The fight to have the windfall profits tax signed into law has been won at last, and the keystone of our national energy policy 584 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 for which we have waited so long is now in place. Exactly 1 year ago this week, I first proposed the windfall profits tax to the Congress and to the people. I did it because I knew that it was necessary for our country and the people in it to benefit from the decontrol of oil prices, which is so crucial, both to the conservation of energy and to the development of United States sources of energy. And I want to thank all those who are assembled here today for the great work they have done. A little later I'll recognize specific ones, but I particularly want to call out those that knew in the Congress that our mutual commitment would be necessary if we were ever to produce new oil, to conserve oil, and to apply our genius to finding alternative sources to oil in this future that lies before us. We have in the past been actually subsidizing the consumption of excessive amounts of energy; therefore exacerbating an already bad problem, holding high the import of oil from foreign countries. And at the same time we believed when we initiated this effort that through this fair tax we could divert the unearned profits of the American oil companies to our poor, to improving rapid transit, urban transit, to providing new energy sources, and to conservation of energy. But many politicians and many in the press said that we could never get such a bill passed because of the powerful influences that had been focused against it. We knew that we could realistically get this tax only if we had the courage to do what all the experts advised and what I myself believed, and that is to go ahead with gradual decontrol of oil prices in our country. We planned the two together as part of one policy. And today they are joined together in one energy policy for America. Today, determined effort on the part of many people have won this victory. We have faced political attacks, we have faced special interests' pressures, and we have triumphed. That's why the final passage of the windfall profits tax means so much to all of us here. It's proof that through patience and firmness the Government of our great Nation can prevail over the most serious obstacles focused by special interests and by political timidity on the part of some. I'm proud to tell the American people today that the windfall profits tax is no longer just a promise; it is indeed a fact. Now this victory brings us to the verge of enacting the national energy policy in its entirety that I've been working on since I made my first energy proposals to the country exactly 3 years ago and characterized the prospective problem as the moral equivalent of war. We anticipated then that by 1985 that we would have an intersection of the amount of oil available in the world with the amount of oil being demanded in the world. In other words, the demand would equal or exceed supply. That event occurred last year, and the enormous inflation pressures that exist in our country and others is a direct result of the lack of an adequate American energy policy in previous years. At last now, America will have both the incentive and the means to produce more oil here, to conserve more oil here, and to replace more oil here with alternative forms of energy. I especially congratulate Senator Byrd, Senator Long, Congressman Ullman, Congressman Conable, and many other Democrats and Republicans, and the members of the staff of the Ways and Means Committee, the Senate Finance Committee, and the Joint Committee on Taxation for their hard work and their 585 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 dedication under the most trying and difficult circumstances in developing this crucial legislation. The issues involved here were extremely complicated and the debate sometimes was heated, yet they persevered and they acted in the best interests of our country. I also want to thank Governor Brendan Byrne, standing behind me, from New Jersey, the cochairperson of the citizens committee for a windfall profits tax, and especially the 40 labor unions who joined in with this effort to make the windfall profits tax possible. This citizens committee brought together a powerful and a forceful and effective coalition to help my administration with a fair tax by educating the public concerning the benefits to be derived from this action. Many on the committee gave tirelessly of their time and their experience and their influence. And they've shown that the public can be heard, and when the American public is heard clearly, it will prevail. When I proposed this tax I indicated that the revenues should be used for three basic purposes: one, to assist low-income households in bearing the burden of rapidly increasing energy costs; secondly, to improve the transit systems of our country, including not only rail but also buses and subways, and even the sharing of rides in other rubber-tired vehicles; and third, the development of alternative supplies of energy. We have placed a special emphasis on conservation. We must not lose sight of these three basic goals if we are to overcome inflation and the risks to our national security caused by our overdependence on foreign oil, which is now comprising almost half the total oil that we use. We must mount a massive effort to develop American energy resources and do it now and without delay. Our country, as you all know, has abundant coal resources. We must convert our electric utilities to coal and other fuels, away from oil. We must find ways to turn coal into gases and liquids which can substitute directly for oil and for natural gas. We must and will make our homes and our apartments, our businesses and factories, our vehicles more energyefficient. The windfall profits tax will provide us with revenues to carry out these goals and these purposes so important to every one of us. We must get on with the job of developing solar energy and other renewable forms of energy, such as gasohol, wind, wood, and water. Again, the windfall profits tax will provide us with the resources to carry out these purposes. The conference report of the windfall profits tax provides guidance on the use of the $227 billion which will now be available for our country for these purposes. It is important to point out that all of the expenditures of the funds raised by the windfall profits tax do require specific authorization and appropriation by the appropriate committees of the Congress through the normal legislative process. This provides both the administration and the Congress adequate flexibility from year to year to determine exactly how these funds will be used for the best interests of our country. For low-income assistance, for mass transit, alternate forms of energy-these purposes must be met. The legislation gives us guidance that a substantial portion of the tax, 60 percent, might be used for income tax reductions, or in the absence of that action by the Congress, to reduce the national debt. As I've said before, the first priority in the congressional deliberations this year is to have a balanced budget for the fiscal year 1981, and we will have that balanced budget. Once the Congress has demon 586 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 strated its resolve in meeting this goal of a balanced budget, then we consider, through the normal legislative processes, tax reductions. But we must not be deterred that the first order of business is fighting inflation. Inflation is in an 18 -percent level-an 18-percent tax on being alive. And that is a tax that we have to cut first, the tax of inflation, and this victory today has proved that by standing firm, we and the American people can prevail. The windfall profits tax also provides vitally needed funding for our program to reduce and to assist the low-income people with their burdens in meeting the rising cost of energy. We are a compassionate nation, and we will not ignore the needs of those who are hardest hit by rising OPEC prices. The bill I'm signing into law today is an historic step to the Nation's energy security, but we have still several pieces of unfinished business before the Congress that must be passed. The conference report on the energy mobilization board, designed to cut redtape and speed decisionmaking in our country on critical energy projects, must be completed. The House and Senate conference must also complete work on the omnibus legislation which provides for a synthetic fuels corporation, for energy conservation, for the development of solar energy, biomass. And the areas of difference, as you know, between the House and Senate have now been narrowed considerably, but apparently we still have a long way to go. This is crucial legislation, these two bills which should be passed now without further delay. Winning passage of this fair and equitable law makes me confident that we can and will act together in a positive spirit to take on other tough battles in the struggle to defeat inflation and to improve our Nation's security. We know that that will not be easy. The passage of this bill has not been easy, especially with all the clever slogans and the quick deceptions and the call for magic or simple solutions that have been put forward in this election year. But the American people know that it is always easier to attack a plan than to create a plan. It's always easier to destroy a consensus than it is to create a consensus. It's always easier to serve a partisan interest rather than to serve effectively the national interest. We would not have arrived here today to celebrate this victory for America if we had looked for easy ways out or if we had attempted to mislead the American public. Now, armed with the resources of the windfall profits tax, I know we can finish the task of making our great Nation, the United States of America, an energysecure nation. That's our goal. We've taken a major step today to accomplish that goal. Thank you very much, and now I'll sign the legislation. [At this point, the President signed the bill.] SENATOR ROBERT BYRD. Mr. President, a year ago, the pundits were saying that a windfall profits tax would never be passed. As a matter of fact, I heard on television that it was dead a year ago. But the pundits also said that the Wright brothers couldn't fly. [Laughter] This is a very important occasion. And it wasn't easy, as you have said so correctly, but this represents the centerpiece of our energy policy. And it also is an example of bipartisanship at its best and legislative compromise. I congratulate you for your patience and for the leadership that you demonstrated, Mr. President. I congratulate Russell Long for the statesmanship and the courage that he demonstrated. I congratulate all the others who had a part, 587 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 both in the administration and in the Congress. Mr. President, this bill represents good energy policy and wise public policy. It is an important step, but it's just a step, and other steps need to be taken. And you have properly enumerated them, and we intend to continue to work until the day comes when those objectives too will have been achieved. THE PRESIDENT. The Speaker's not here to represent the House, but he's worked very hard on this bill. I would like to call, however, on the chairman of the Ways and Means Committee in the House, Congressman Al Ullman. REPRESENTATIVE ULLMAN. Thank you, Mr. President. I want to first commend my Committee on Ways and Means, that worked hard to originate this legislation. We passed it in the House last June, of last year. And also the members of the conferees, Senator Long-this was one of the toughest conferences that I've ever participated in. And I want to say that it took a bit of statesmanship on the part of some of the people who had very special concerns and interests in this legislation. Mr. President, it's not often that you can pass a tax that is not levied on the American people. And I think that's a point, that in this whole legislation the world price of oil will set the prices that the American consumers will pay, and this is a tax that is merely levied against the producers, and it's phased out in order to prevent windfall profits. This is a very important milestone, and I want to commend you, Mr. President, Secretary Miller, and the others that have been working with us so diligently through the months. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Senator Long is customarily modest, and he has suggested that we call on someone in his committee to speak for the committee, because it was a broad-based effort. And I think he's asked that Bill Bradley be called upon to say a word. SENATOR BRADLEY. Mr. President, playing a small role in the passage of this legislation, in my first year in the United States Senate, has been important and instructive to me. I think that our chairman, chairman of the Finance Committee, Senator Long, was in a very difficult position and, I think, performed the role of chairman in a remarkably effective and fair way. I think the leadership that Senator Byrd demonstrated is the example of the kind of leadership that we need as we face the complex energy problems that you've so clearly delineated that are before us in the months ahead. And passage of this legislation and your signing it today makes me proud to be an American, and I think it's a significant achievement for your administration and your efforts and effectiveness. THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to call on Governor Brendan Byrne to make a few comments from the perspective of the citizens' committee which he headed. No one will ever know the amount of effort that was put forward by this group. They were all volunteers; they worked without ceasing; they worked quietly, but they worked effectively. And they marshaled the influence and support of the American people to help me and the Congress make this wise decision. Brendan Byrne. GOVERNOR BYRNE. Thank you very much, Mr. President. A lot of Governors have been looking for the opportunity to speak from a White House platform. [Laughter] One of them dropped out last night, I understand-[laughter]-another one may take a little longer. I'm proud to be here, proud to follow my Senator. We've got a Senator from 588 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 New Jersey you can look up to. [Laughter] I almost wish that the President hadn't called on me, because now I have to try to identify all of the people here who helped in the citizens' coalition. THE PRESIDENT. Just let them stand up. GOVERNOR BYRNE. If they would all stand up? THE PRESIDENT. Sure. GOVERNOR BYRNE. Okay. Marilyn, can you get them all to stand up? Everybody who is here from the committee, representing the committee, who helped usTHE PRESIDENT. Everybody on the committee, stand up. GOVERNOR BYRNE. And Ruth Hinerfeld in the League of Women Voters, and Bob Georgine, the American Association of Retired Persons, and so many others, APTA [American Public Transit Association]-now I'm in trouble, right? [Laughter] But I just wanted to say that this was a genuine effort by a lot of people for the right cause. I want to again express my admiration for this President. There are those, as you know, if the President were to walk across the Potomac this morning, would headline that the President can't swim. [Laughter] There are those who criticize because you were supposed to get this passed by Christmas, and it's Easter; and that it is a couple of billion short of what he targeted. But one of our papers in New Jersey called this Jimmy Carter's greatest victory. Another paper editorialized against windfall profits tax with a black border around the editorial, the first time maybe in the history of that newspaper. This is a great victory. It's a great victory because a lot of people worked very hard to make it so. Most of all, it's a great victory because we have a President who's been determined to see what's right for this country and to do what's right. I'm very proud of him, very proud to have been head of the committee that in some small way achieved this great victory. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. It would be appropriate to call on many other people this morning, because so many have played a role in this important victory. And there were times when the prospects were very discouraging, but the patience and tenacity was instigated by a sure knowledge that this legislation, however complicated and however difficult and however fraught with political pitfalls, was important for our Nation. And to conclude the remarks this morning, I would like to call on the Secretary of Treasury to come and say a word this morning. Bill Miller. SECRETARY MILLER. Thank you, Mr. President. This indeed is a giant step forward on two counts: This represents a major component in forging the national energy policy, the new national energy policy, which will hasten the day when we achieve greater self-sufficiency and reduce our dependence upon the uncertain and fragile lines of supply of foreign oil; and second, because we shall never win the war against inflation until we deal with the energy issue. And so, this is a very important milestone on the way to solving the inflation problem. Mr. President, when I was sworn in last August as the 65th Secretary of the Treasury, and you asked me to work upon this matter, I thought you were contemplating the 66th Secretary. [Laughter] But I must say it has been a great sense of privilege and pleasure for me to work on it, to be assisted in my task, under your leadership, by Secretary Duncan, who cannot be here today, and the whole Department of Energy; Stuart Eizenstat, the entire White House staff-all of the administration has worked in teamwork that 589 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I've not seen in any comparable situation. I think it is a great commendation to your leadership, to the commitment and dedication of the administration, and I'm proud and privileged to be a part of it. It is a giant step, but only a step, and so I think we now need, on behalf of you, those of us who have responsibilities, to now carry forward and take the other steps in combination with the Congress, the private sector, to achieve this energy independence, energy self-sufficiency which you've outlined this morning. Thank you for including me this morning. THE PRESIDENT. As those of you who studied the legislation know, it's effective the first of last month, March 1, so Bill will have a particularly interesting and exciting and gratifying experience the next few days in beginning to collect-[laughter]the receipts. And I think this is a major step toward not only controlling the excessive dependence on foreign oil and making our own Nation more self-sufficient but holding down the price of international oil. The decisions made by OPEC will be determined to a major degree by how much we can lower our excessive demands of a limited supply of international oil. And of course, this will help to alleviate, on a worldwide basis and particularly for our own country, the increasing pressures of inflation. I think we're going to see some good news on inflation in the next few months. Again, thank you all for being here. It's a great day for our country. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:34 a.m. at the signing ceremony in the East Room at the White House. As enacted, H.R. 3919 is Public Law 96-223, approved April 2. International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Convention Message to the Senate Transmitting an Amendment. April 2, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for the advice and consent of the Senate to ratification, an Amendment to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, done at Washington March 3, 1973. The Amendment will provide a legal basis for Parties to the Convention to provide it with necessary financial support. By helping to place the financing of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora on a sound and permanent basis, the Amendment will strengthen its effectiveness. The report on the Amendment by the Department of State is enclosed for the information of the Senate. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora provides for the control and monitoring of international trade in species endangered, or likely to be endangered, by extinction. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora text does not, however, explicitly provide for the funding of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Secretariat activities by its Parties. So far the United Nations Environment Program has provided this support. However, the United Nations Environment Program has decided to begin to decrease its support in 1980 and to terminate it by the end of 1983. In March 1979 the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild 590 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 Fauna and Flora Parties adopted interim financial regulations under which the Parties would begin to provide the necessary support. But some Parties require an Amendment to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora text providing explicit authority for Party funding in order to give them a legal basis for making contributions under the new financial regulations. Consequently, the Parties held an extraordinary meeting in Bonn on June 22, 1979, and adopted the necessary Amendment. Under the Amendment, the Parties' authority to adopt financial provisions is made explicit by adding the words "and adopt financial provisions" to Article XI 3 (a), which deals with the functions of the Conference of the Parties. Under this Amendment and the interim financial regulations the United States could make voluntary contributions to help support the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. I urge the Senate to act favorably on this Amendment at an early date. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 2, 1980. International Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979 Message to the Senate Transmitting the Agreement. April 2, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for the advice and consent of the Senate to ratification, the International Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979, adopted at Geneva October 5, 1979. The Agreement was signed on behalf of the United States of America on January 8, 1980. The report of the Department of State is enclosed for the information of the Senate. The Agreement seeks to stabilize natural rubber prices without disturbing longterm market trends and to foster increased natural rubber supplies at reasonable prices. Natural rubber prices have traditionally displayed considerable instability, with strong rises-notably in 1951, 1955, 1960 and 1973-74-followed by sharp and sudden declines. This instability has not only destabilized producers' incomes and complicated national planning for the developing exporting countries, it has also contributed to inflation in industrial countries. In addition, it has discouraged needed long-term investments in natural rubber production. This is particularly important to the United States, which as the world's largest consumer of natural rubber has a substantial interest in helping to assure adequate future supplies of this commodity. The Agreement provides for the establishment of an international buffer stock of 550,000 metric tons of natural rubber to be the instrument for price stabilization. The stock will be used to defend a price range and insure consistency with longer term market conditions. The financing of the buffer stock will be shared equally between importing and exporting members. Each government's share will depend upon its votes in the Organization as determined by net exports or imports. The share of the United States will be between 12.5 and 15.5 percent of the total, depending on the number of governments that become parties to the Agreement. To meet the financial obligations arising from our membership, $88 million has been included in the FY 1981 budget. The Agreement is to become effective on or after 591 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 October 1, 1980, when governments accounting for sufficient net exports and net imports have ratified the Agreement or agreed to apply it provisionally. It will remain in force for five years from the date of the Agreement's provisional or definitive entry into force (whichever occurs first), but may be terminated earlier or extended for up to two more years. In addition, provisional operation of the Agreement without subsequent definitive entry into force is limited to 18 months. Upon termination of the Agreement, the United States' contribution and share of the Agreement's assets will be refunded within a period not to exceed three years. The Agreement should provide substantial benefits for consumers of natural rubber. The buffer stock is sufficiently large to provide adequate protection for both the maximum and minimum levels of the price range, thereby providing balanced protection for all members. Exporting members will attempt to ensure continuous availability of natural rubber supplies to consumers, and the Council may make recommendations to members on ways to avert potential shortages. Finally, by moderating price increases during periods of high demand, the buffer stock could also help to reduce inflationary pressure on the prices of manufactured rubber products. The Agreement is consistent with our broad foreign policy objectives. It demonstrates our willingness to negotiate commodity agreements where practicable and in the interest of industrialized and developing countries. It constitutes a significant achievement in the North-South dialogue. It will also strengthen our relations with ASEAN, since natural rubber is particularly important to four of its membersMalaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore-which account collectively for nearly 90 percent of the world trade in natural rubber. For all of these reasons, I urge the Senate to give this Agreement prompt consideration and its advice and consent to ratification. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 2, 1980. Petroleum Import Adjustment Program Proclamation 4744. April 2, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation In March 1979, the Secretary of the Treasury, having conducted an investigation of imports of petroleum and petroleum products in accordance with Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), concluded that such imports were entering the country "in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security." This finding confirmed the results of previous investigations conducted in 1959 and 1975. The high level of the Nation's consumption of gasoline is the single most important cause of our dependence on foreign oil. At the same time, our consumption of gasoline can be reduced with less serious consequences to our economy than if similar action were taken with respect to other petroleum products, such as home heating oil. Consequently, the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of the Treasury have advised that I take action to reduce oil imports by imposing a fee on imports of 592 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 crude oil and gasoline and by establishing a program intended to ensure that the burden of the crude oil fee falls on gasoline. The Secretary of Commerce concurs. I agree with their advice. To counter this threat to the national security of the United States, I deem it necessary to act pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act to adjust crude oil and gasoline imports through imposition of a gasoline conservation fee on imports of crude oil and gasoline and a system of passing the cost of this fee through on the price of gasoline in a manner consistent with and in furtherance of the objectives of the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973 (15 U.S.C. 751 etseq.). Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), and the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.), do hereby proclaim, effective March 15, 1980, that: SECTION 1-1. Gasoline Conservation Fee SEC. 1-101 (a). Except as otherwise provided in this Proclamation, no crude oil (except crude oil which is exchanged in accordance with the provisions in the next to last sentence of Section 4(b) (1) of Proclamation 3279, as amended) or gasoline may be entered into the United States unless it is by or for the account of a person to which a license has been issued by the Secretary pursuant to this Proclamation and the entry is made in accordance with the terms of this Proclamation and of such license. (b) Unexpired and unused licenses, or portions thereof, issued pursuant to Proc lamation 3279, as amended, for the entry of crude oil and gasoline may be used for the purpose of entering those respective products through April 23, 1980; provided, that the entry is otherwise made in accordance with the terms of this Proclamation and that payment is made for all applicable gasoline conservation fees. SEC. 1-102(a). Upon application, the Secretary shall issue licenses subject to the gasoline conservation fees provided for in this paragraph. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a) (2) of this section, such licenses shall require, among other appropriate provisions, the payment of the following gasoline conservation fees: (A) With respect to the entry of crude oil, such fee shall be $4.62 per barrel; (B) With respect to the entry of gasoline, such fee shall be equal to the dollar per barrel amount of the gasoline entitlement determined in accordance with Section 2-1 of this Proclamation for the month in which the entry was made, which amount shall be published by the Secretary on or about the fifteenth day of the second month after the month of entry. (2) Gasoline conservation fees shall not be applicable with respect to the following types of entries: (A) Crude oil which is entered into the United States for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program by the Department of Energy, or by any other person certified by the Department of Energy as acting on its behalf; (B) Gasoline produced in the U.S. Virgin Islands or a U.S. Foreign Trade Zone which has incurred a gasoline entitlement obligation in accordance with Section 2-1 of this Proclamation. (b) All monies received under this section shall be deposited into the Treasury 593 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 of the United States. The Secretary shall credit to a deposit fund account a portion of the monies received under the terms of this section to be drawn upon by the Secretary for the payment of refunds of gasoline conservation fees. All other amounts shall be credited to miscellaneous receipts. Balances credited in the deposit fund account and not required to be reserved for payments hereinafter provided for shall be transferred at the end of the fiscal year to miscellaneous receipts. SEC. 1-103(a) (1). Except as provided in paragraph (a) (2) or (a) (3) of this section, applications for licenses subject to payment of a gasoline conservation fee under Section 1-102 (a) (1) of this Proclamation shall not be considered unless they are accompanied by payment in the following amounts: (A) For licenses for the entry of crude oil, such payments shall be in the amount equal to the number of barrels for which the license is to be issued multiplied by $4.62. (B) For licenses for the entry of gasoline, such payment shall be in the amount equal to the number of barrels for which the license is to be issued multiplied by $4.35. Upon the determination of the actual fee, in accordance with section 1-102 (a) (1) (B) of this Proclamation, for the month in which an entry is made, an adjustment of the amount paid shall be made in accordance with Section 1 -104(a) (1) of this Proclamation. (2) In lieu of prepayment in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section, an applicant for a license may submit (A) a bond with a surety on the list of acceptable sureties on Federal bonds, maintained by the Bureau of Government Financial Operations, Department of the Treasury (Department of the Treasury Circular 570) or (B) other security acceptable to the Secretary; provided, that for all subsequent entries made pursuant to the license received, payment shall be made for the applicable gasoline conservation fees. Bonds or such other security shall be posted for the amount chargeable under the license, unless the applicant has made timely payment of any fees imposed pursuant either to this Proclamation or to Proclamation 3279, as amended, for the twelve previous calendar months in which the applicant was obligated to pay fees, in which case bonds or such other security may be posted for fifty percent (50%) of the total amount chargeable. (3) Payment of gasoline conservation fees by or for the account of a department, establishment, or agency of the United States shall be accomplished by transfers, as appropriate, from appropriation accounts available to such department, establishment, or agency. (b) Separate licenses shall be issued for crude oil and gasoline and for entries subject or not subject to payment of gasoline conservation fees. (c) Licenses issued for crude oil and gasoline under this section shall be valid for a period of one year following the date of their issuance unless such licenses have been completely used prior to that time. A license shall be considered to be issued on the date the license is signed by the Secretary. SEC. 1-104(a) (1). With respect to licenses for the entry of gasoline issued upon prepayment of gasoline conservation fees, the Secretary shall refund such prepaid fees by an amount equal to the difference between the actual fee for the month in which the entry was made and the prepaid amount of $4.35, multiplied by the number of barrels entered; provided, that the actual fee for the month in which the entry was made is less than $4.35 per barrel. In the event the actual fee exceeds $4.35 per barrel, the licensee 594 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 must make payment for the difference. (2) The Secretary is further authorized to refund fees paid or to reduce fees owed, in whole or in part: (A) where the licensee prepaid the fees and failed to use the license issued to him; (B) where the license fee has been improperly charged. (b) (1) All applications for such refunds or reductions based on entries of crude oil and gasoline must be filed with the Secretary by the end of the sixth month following the month in which the entry was made. (2) Applications for refunds of fees for any unutilized portion of a prepaid license shall not be acted upon until the license has been received by the Secretary. Such applications must be filed with the Secretary within six months of the expiration date of the license. (c) Refunds or reductions made pursuant to this section shall be made without interest, and in no case may the total of the refunds or reduction claimed exceed the amount of the fees paid for the licenses. SEC. 1-105 (a). For the purposes of this Proclamation, crude oil or gasoline shall be deemed to have "entered" the United States when it is released for immediate delivery, or entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, whichever occurs first as evidenced by the dates on Customs Form 3461, 7501, or 7505, as appropriate, or successor forms. (b) Licenses shall be presented to the District Director of Customs at a point of entry to be selected by the licensee and shall remain in Customs custody until fully utilized or expired, whereupon they shall be returned by the Customs Service to the Secretary. SEC. 1-106(a). No license shall be required in connection with the entry into the United States of crude oil or gasoline which is transported from one point in the United States to another such point through a pipeline that passes through a foreign country. If, incidental to such transportation, the crude oil or gasoline is commingled with or displaced by foreign crude oil or gasoline, no license shall be required for the entry of quantities of like kind and quality equivalent to those which left the United States. (b) In the event the volume of a particular shipment of crude oil or gasoline entered pursuant to a license exceeds, by five percent (5%) or less, the volume stated as remaining on the license against which the crude oil or gasoline is being entered, the Customs officer may permit the entry of the excess without license but in such an event he shall notify the Department of Energy. The licensee must, within ten days of such entry, remit payment for any gasoline conservation fees applicable to such excess. (c) Customs officers are authorized to permit entry, without license, of quantities not to exceed 550 U.S. gallons of gasoline or 100 barrels of crude oil which otherwise would be subject to the payment of a fee, where the quantities entered are certified as: (1) constituting samples for testing or analysis; (2) included in shipments of machinery or equipment and intended for use in connection therewith; or (3) baggage entries. SEC. 1-107(a). Unless the Secretary directs otherwise, payment of fees shall be accomplished by wire transfer to an account specified by the Secretary, in accordance with such payment instructions as he may prescribe, or, at the licensee's option where the payment is for an amount less than $1,000,000.00, by delivery to the Secretary of a certified check 595 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 or a cashier's check payable to the order of the Treasurer of the United States. (b) Payments in accordance with Sections 1-101(b), 1-103(a) (2) and 1-104 (a) (1) must be received by the last day of the second month following the month in which an entry is made if that day is a business day, and if not, by the end of the next business day. SECTION 2-1. Gasoline Entitlements SEC. 2-101. For each month beginning with March of 1980, the Secretary shall calculate the "total national fee." The total national fee for a particular month shall be the total amount of the gasoline conservation fees payable for all crude oil entered by all persons in that month. SEC. 2-102. The price of a gasoline entitlement for each month shall be equal to the total national fee for that month divided by the total number of barrels of gasoline production in that month for which gasoline producers must purchase gasoline entitlements, as adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with Section 2-103 of this Proclamation. SEC. 2-103. In order to correct for reporting or calculation errors, overpayments, underpayments, and similar occurrences in any month, the Secretary in one or more months subsequent to that month may adjust either or both the price of a gasoline entitlement and the number of gasoline entitlements issued to or required to be purchased by persons. SEC. 2-104. For each month beginning with March 1980, the Secretary shall issue to each person who entered, during that month, crude oil subject to a gasoline conservation fee pursuant to Section 1-102 (a), a number of gasoline entitlements equal in value to the total amount of gasoline conservation fees for crude oil entered in that month that were paid or are payable by that person pursuant to this Proclamation. SEC. 2-105 (a). Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, with respect to its gasoline production in any month beginning with March 1980, a gasoline producer must purchase gasoline entitlements equal in number to the number of barrels of its gasoline production in that month. (b) If in any full calendar month the per barrel amount of any additional levy imposed by Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands after the effective date of this Proclamation on gasoline consumed in its jurisdiction or produced in its jurisdiction for consumption therein is at least equal to $4.20 or the value of a gasoline entitlement for that month, whichever is less, the number of barrels of gasoline production for which a gasoline producer must purchase gasoline entitlements for that month shall be reduced by the number of barrels of that producer's gasoline production in that month which is subject to the levy. (c) A person which is issued gasoline entitlements for any month pursuant to Section 2-104 must sell each such gasoline entitlement to a gasoline producer required to purchase gasoline entitlements for that month. SEC. 2-106. On or about the fifteenth day of the second month following any particular month beginning with March 1980, the Secretary shall publish a list which shall set forth the number of gasoline entitlements which each gasoline producer must purchase and which each person issued entitlements must sell for that particular month. Such purchases and sales shall be completed by the last day of the second month following that particular month. The Secretary may direct persons that have not purchased or sold the required number of entitlements within that time to purchase or sell such required number of entitlements from or to a person with reciprocal requirements. 596 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 A person which in a particular month must both purchase and sell entitlements may purchase them from itself. SEC. 2-107. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy Regulations, no portion of any cost of a gasoline conservation fee imposed under Section 1-1 of this Proclamation may be considered under the Energy Regulations as a cost or part of a cost of crude oil, as that term is defined in the Energy Regulations, or any petroleum product, except as provided in Sections 2-108 and 2-109 of this Proclamation. For purposes of such sections, gasoline conservation fees shall be deemed to have been paid at the time that actual payment of such fees has been made to the Secretary, except that, in the case of an entry made pursuant to a prepaid license, payment of the fee may, at the option of the licensee, be deemed to have been made at the time of entry. SEC. 2-108. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy Regulations, any person that is not a refiner shall be deemed to have incurred an increased product or acquisition cost for gasoline in any particular month in an amount equal to the sum of (a) the amount of any gasoline conservation fees paid by that person in that month for gasoline entered into the United States, less the amount of any refunds with respect to licenses for gasoline that person has received pursuant to Section 1-104, and (b) the amount paid by such person during that month for gasoline entitlements; provided, that, prior to May 15, 1980, no person shall increase the price of gasoline as a result of such increased acquisition or product costs pursuant to this section. SEC. 2-109. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy Regulations: (a) (1) A person that is a refiner may add to its BIt factor for gasoline (its increased purchased product costs as described in Section 212.83 of the Energy Regulations) for any month an amount equal to $4.20 multiplied by the number of barrels of gasoline subject to the gasoline conservation fee which that refiner entered into the United States in the month two months prior to such month. Any increases in gasoline prices that are allowed as a result of such addition to the BIt factor shall not be made prior to May 15, 1980. (2) If, in any month beginning with June 1980, the amount of gasoline conservation fees on gasoline paid by a refiner in the month immediately preceding that month was greater or less than an amount determined by multiplying $4.20 by the number of barrels of gasoline subject to the gasoline conservation fee which were entered into the United States by that refiner in the month three months prior to that month, the difference shall be added to or subtracted from, respectively, that refiner's BIt factor for that month. (b) (1) A person that is a refiner may add to its AIt factor for gasoline (its increased crude oil costs as described in Section 212.83 of the Energy Regulations) for any month an amount equal to $4.20 multiplied by the number of barrels of that refiner's gasoline production in the month two months prior to that month. Any increases in gasoline prices that are allowed as a result of such addition to the AIt factor shall not be made prior to May 15, 1980. (2) If, in any month beginning with June 1980, the amount paid by a refiner for gasoline entitlements purchased in the month immediately preceding that particular month was greater or less than an amount determined by multiplying $4.20 by the number of barrels of that refiner's gasoline production in the month three 597 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 months prior to that month, the difference shall be added to or subtracted from, respectively, that refiner's AIt factor for that month. (3) The amount added to or subtracted from the A~t factor pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the "gasoline tilt" provision found in the last sentence of the first paragraph of Section 212.83 (a) (2) (iii) (C) of the Energy Regulations. SECTION 3-1. Administrative Provisions SEC. 3-101 (a). The Secretary is delegated authority to provide for the administration and enforcement of this Proclamation. The Secretary shall, from time to time, in consultation with the Secretaries of Commerce, State, and the Treasury, and other Federal agencies as appropriate, review the status of imports of crude oil and its primary derivatives in respect to the national security. In this connection, he shall inform the President of any circumstances which might indicate the need for further Presidential action under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended. (b) The Secretary is delegated the authority to adjust, from time to time, the amount of the gasoline conservation fee specified in Section 1-102(a) (1) (A) of this Proclamation in order to ensure that, as closely as practicable, the value of a resulting gasoline entitlement approximates $4.20. (c) All departments and agencies of the Executive Branch of the Government shall cooperate with and assist the Secretary in achieving the purposes of this Proclamation. SEC. 3-102 (a). Persons applying for licenses pursuant to Section 1-1 of this Proclamation shall submit such information and make such reports as the Secretary determines necessary to fulfill his responsibilities under this Proclamation. (b) By the fifth day of the second month following any particular month, beginning with May 5, 1980 for March 1980, each gasoline producer shall report to the Secretary its gasoline production for that month. A person with gasoline production in Puerto Rico or in the U.S. Virgin Islands in any month shall report separately its gasoline production in Puerto Rico or in the U.S. Virgin Islands in that month and the portion of such production which is produced for consumption in Puerto Rico or in the U.S. Virgin Islands. (c) The Secretary may require a person subject to the reporting requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section to report any additional information determined by the Secretary to be necessary to ensure that the objectives of this Proclamation are attained. (d) A person required under this Proclamation to submit any report to the Secretary shall correct any errors contained in that report by filing an amended report as promptly as possible but not later than the last day of the eighth month following the month for which the report was filed. SEC. 3-103 (a). A person subject to any reporting requirement under Section 3-103 of this Proclamation shall prepare and maintain at its principal place of business sufficient records, including but not limited to records specifically required by the Secretary, to document its compliance with the provisions of this Proclamation. (b) All records required to be maintained pursuant to this Proclamation shall be retained for a period of three years. SEC. 3-104. The Secretary may initiate and conduct audits and investigations relating to the scope, nature, and extent of compliance by any person subject to any provision of this Proclamation. SEC. 3-105 (a). In addition to any other remedies or penalties available to enforce this Proclamation or Proclamation 3279, 598 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 as amended, the Secretary may revoke or suspend, in accordance with the provisions set forth in Subpart T, Part 205, of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, licenses issued to any person that violates the terms of this Proclamation or Proclamation 3279, as amended. In addition or in the alternative, and notwithstanding the provisions in Section 1-103(a) (2) of this Proclamation, the Secretary, in his discretion, may require that any person that violates the terms of this Proclamation post bonds for license fees in the full amount chargeable or prepay all license fee amounts in order to receive a license. (b) In the event a person fails to fulfill an obligation arising under Section 2-1 of this Proclamation, that person shall be subject to the remedies and penalties available under the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973. SEC. 3-106. For purposes of this Proclamation, the following definitions shall apply: "Crude oil" means a mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in natural underground reservoirs and which is liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating processes, and does not include natural gas products. It also includes the initial liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. "Energy Regulations" means Parts 210, 211 and 212 of Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations. "Gasoline" means gasoline as that term is defined in Section 212.31 of the Energy Regulations, which definition, for purposes of reference, is as follows: "all of the various grades, other than aviation gasoline, of refined petroleum naphtha which, by its composition, is suitable for use as a carburant in internal combustion engines." "Gasoline entitlement" means the proportionate share which each barrel of gasoline production for a particular month bears to the total gasoline conservation fees payable for that month. "Gasoline producer" means that person which first manufactures a volume of gasoline by refining, blending or any other process. "Gasoline production," for a particular gasoline producer in a particular month, means the total number of barrels of gasoline manufactured by refining, blending, or any other process in that month by that gasoline producer in the United States, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and a U.S. Foreign Trade Zone. Where incremental volumes of gasoline are manufactured through the addition of substances to gasoline for which gasoline entitlement obligations have already been incurred, only the incremental volumes of gasoline, less any volumes of alcohol, are gasoline production. For March 1980, a gasoline producer's gasoline production shall be determined by multiplying the number of barrels of that gasoline producer's gasoline production in March 1980 by 17/31; provided, that in the event a gasoline producer can demonstrate that the actual number of barrels of gasoline produced by that gasoline producer in the period March 15 through March 31 was less than 17/31 of that gasoline producer's total gasoline production in March 1980, that gasoline producer may report actual volumes of gasoline production for the period March 15 through March 31. Gasoline manufactured by a gasoline producer on behalf of another person shall be included within the gasoline production of the gasoline producer unless the other person is a refiner, in which case the gasoline shall be included within the gasoline production of the other person. "Person" means any natural person, or a partnership, association, consortium or any other entity whether organized for a business or other purpose, or a department 599 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 or other governmental unit of a state, territory or the Federal Government. A person shall include a parent organization and the consolidated and unconsolidated entities which it directly or indirectly controls. "Refiner" means refiner as that term is defined in Section 212.31 of the Energy Regulations. "Secretary" means the Secretary of Energy or his delegate. "United States" means the fifty States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, but not U.S. Foreign Trade Zones. SECTION 4-1. Conforming Amendments SEC. 4-101. Section 1 of Proclamation 3279, as amended, is amended by the addition of a new paragraph (f) to read as follows: "(f) Except with respect to licenses issued pursuant to the next to last sentence of Section 4(b) (1) of this Proclamation, all licenses issued pursuant to this Proclamation which could be utilized to enter crude oil or gasoline pursuant to another Proclamation shall expire effective 12:01 a.m., April 14, 1980. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Proclamation, no licenses shall be issued hereunder on or after that date for the entry of any crude oil, unfinished oils, or finished products governed by another Proclamation during any period in which a fee of $0.00, as provided in Section 3 of this Proclamation, is in effect." SEC. 4-102. Section 1 (e) of Proclamation 3279, as amended, is amended by deleting the comma appearing after the word "Proclamation" and by adding the words "or any other Proclamation governing the entry of crude oil, unfinished oils or finished products," to immediately follow the word "Proclamation". SEC. 4-103. Section 8 of Proclamation 3279, as amended, is amended by deleting the period at the end of the next to last paragraph and by adding at the end of that paragraph the following words: "; provided, that the system of issuing allocations and licenses with respect to exchanges under Section 4(b) (1) of this Proclamation shall remain in effect during any period in which a fee of $0.00, as provided in Section 3 of this Proclamation, is in effect." IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this second day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:40 a.m., April 2, 1980] National Conference of Artists Remarks at a White House Reception. April 2, 1980 One of the great pleasures of being President is to be able to live in this house-[laughter]-with the beautiful art works which have become a part of this historic place, the White House. When Rosalynn and I grew up in Plains, Georgia, we learned about music on the radio and with some old 78-rpm records, and we learned about art and beauty primarily from books, except for God's world, that we could observe with our own eyes. But since we've come here to live, we've had a new dimension for both art and music here in the White House. Another of the special privileges of a President is being able to meet outstanding Americans who are famous in their own right because of notable achievements, and to visit with them and to have 600 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Ar Apr. 2 part in honoring their achievements for our country and their contributions. A third privilege, of course, has been to work with the National Endowment for the Arts in broadening the base of support of what the Federal Government does for arts and music in this country. We have tried to encourage artistic endeavors by Americans of all kinds in the communities throughout our country. The administration has increased the Endowment's challenge grants to 281 arts institutions in 41 States, I understand, Livingston, and we've also expanded the fellowship program for individual artists who might otherwise have not been encouraged or not been recognized. And Livingston Biddle has established an office, as you know, of minority concerns within the Endowment in recent months. The relationship between government and art must necessarily be a delicate one. It would not be appropriate for the government to try to define what is good or what is true or what is beautiful. But government can provide nourishment to the ground within which these ideas spring forth from the seeds of inspiration within the human mind. This nourishment has also been the work of the National Conference of Artists from the time it was founded in Atlanta University in 1958, at the suggestion of one of the artists and educators we are honoring today, Margaret Burroughs. I think we have to recognize too that the Conference has served to make known the works of many African American artists, and to preserve and continue the African cultural traditions, both here in America and indeed around the world. All artists speak from a special time and place, from a personal inner experience, and at their best, from a broader vision that transcends and enlarges the understanding of human beings, of themselves, of other human beings, and of the world in which they live. As you know, this is a special month and a special week. Galleries throughout the Washington area are currently featuring black artists, and the Corcoran is exhibiting art works this week of each of the 10 artists who will be honored here today. Mayor Marion Barry has proclaimed this African-American Visual Artists Week, which provides a wonderful opportunity in this new decade to recognize the fine work which, quite often in the past, has not been given adequate recognition. The artists we are honoring here today all were part of the special story of black Africans in this century. Half of them, I'm proud to say, were born in the South. 'And some of them were formed in the cultural life of New York and Chicago; quite often in the poorer areas of those communities, but at particularly creative times. Many have brought to their work and to us the pain and the vitality and the joy of the tragic changing into the triumphant black experience of recent decades in their work. Their styles and materials are as varied as the history which is covered by their years, expressed in their works. Some stood at the forefront of emerging new styles; others renewed old forms and built on them to express their vision of black America and of the human condition. Several have made a name for themselves not only as artists but also as teachers, leading the way for new generations of artists who can make us all proud in this country. All have practiced their art through the moving and often wrenching decades when black Americans were struggling for freedom. Many of these artists were expressing their protest against discrimination with their paintings, with their sculpture, with their sketches, murals, 601 Apr. 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 illustrations, long before the protest hit the streets and long before there was any political action or judicial action. These artists often did not receive recognition for their work, which they deserved, or the opportunities they need to develop their own talent, because their development of art was not under optimal conditions. But they pressed on. And they are here today, in the White House, being honored by me as President and by you as admirers of theirs. And that's proof that they have won that difficult battle. So, their victory is a double one, one in art and the other one in life. It's thus a double victory for all of us Americans. And on behalf of us all, I'm extremely proud to welcome and to honor this group today. I'd like to call out the names of those being honored. As you know, some are present, some are represented here, some are not represented here. But I'd like to call the names out of those who have been honored. Richmond Barthe, sculptor. I've been admiring his work lately. As you may know, those of you who see the Social Security Building on occasion, he sculpted the eagle on the front. He was born in 1901 in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, and he currently lives in Pasadena, California. Romare Bearden, painter who is not present and is not represented here, I understand. But this famous painter has been recognized since the 1940's as a leading abstractionist, born in 1912 in Charlotte, North Carolina, and currently lives in New York City. Margaret T. Burroughs. As you know, she's a painter, sculptor, a writer, an educator, and a founder, because she was one of the founders of the National Conference of Artists at Atlanta University, as well as the Dusable Museum in Chicago. She was born in St. Rose Parish in Louisiana, and she currently lives in Chicago. Ernest Crichlow. Ernest is, as you know, a painter, an illustrator, and a graphic artist. He's the founder of-is it the Saints Gallery in New York City, and he was born in 1914 in that city. He currently lives in Brooklyn, New York. The next is Lois Mailou Jones. Ms. Jones is a painter, a designer, an illustrator, and also an educator. And she has mixed Haitian emphasis with the black experience. As a black woman she's overcome many barriers in her life. She's a professor emeritus at Howard University, born in Boston, Massachusetts, and who currently lives in Washington, D.C. The next is not present and not represented, I understand: Jacob Lawrence, a painter whose paintings highlight the toil in the building of black America. He's a member of the Council of the National Endowment for the Arts. He was born in 1917 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and he currently lives in Seattle, Washington. The next artist is not here but is represented: Archibald Motley, Jr., painter. Who is representing Mr. Motley? He has preserved for America the realism of what black America was in a time of racial isolation. Born in 1891 in New Orleans, he currently resides in Chicago, Illinois, and is represented by his son, Archie Motley. The next one, of course, is present: James Lesene Wells. He's a painter and an educator, and particularly a printmaker. As a matter of fact, he's referred to as the dean of printmakers. I'm especially glad that he was born in Atlanta, Georgia. [Laughter] And I'm also glad and proud, as a Washingtonian, that he currently lives in Washington, D.C. The next one is represented by his widow and by his children. His widow is Mrs. Frances White; his children, Jessica and Charles. And I would like to recognize Charles White. He's a painter, a graphic artist and an educator. Will his 602 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 3 family please stand? Mr. White's remarkable contribution to the visual culture is now deeply a part of American art. He was born in 1918. He died last October in Chicago. He lived in Los Angeles, California, and we are very proud to have his family here with us today. The next is represented by his nephew, Dr. Ray Bennett, and I would like to recognize Hale Woodruff. Is Dr. Bennett here? Hale Woodruff is a painter, printmaker, a muralist, and educator. He's recognized especially for the range of his talent to paint anything and anybody. He was born in 1900 in Cairo, Illinois, and he currently lives in New York City. I think that all of you know the quality of the work that we are recognizing today and the difficulty under which this remarkable talent has developed. And I'm especially grateful, as a southerner and as a President, that in the evolution of their own expression of the deep commitment of human beings, courage under difficult circumstances, triumph over tragedy, a constant expression of courage, and the exemplification of the finest development of the human mind, to show us what we are, what we might be. It's a distinct honor for me to be here, to recognize this remarkable group of Americans. Thank you very much for letting me take part in this ceremony. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:34 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. General Accounting Office Act of 1980 Statement on Signing H.R. 24 Into Law. April 3, 1980 I have today signed into law H.R. 24, the General Accounting Office Act of 1980. This legislation is the product of extensive discussions between the executive branch and the Congress. The passage of this law reflects the importance we all place on sound auditing practices within the Federal Government. This act is another in a series of laws sponsored by Representative Brooks and Senator Glenn to assure that the taxpayers' dollars are spent as the Congress has directed. This legislation involves complex issues with constitutional implications, and its passage required negotiations in good faith by all parties. I am confident that this cooperative spirit will extend to the implementation of the act's provisions. The General Accounting Office Act of 1980 will for the first time permit the GAO to audit most of the confidential expenditures made by agencies, which are now authorized solely by the signature of the President or agency head. While this legislation requires that the GAO determine whether an expenditure has been made as, authorized by law, it also stipulates that confidentiality must be maintained. For instance, the specific details of and the identities of individuals involved in law enforcement investigations need not be disclosed to the GAO in order for it to carry out its statutory responsibilities. Audits of certain highly sensitive financial transactions of the Department of State must also be conducted with utmost confidentiality. In addition, this act establishes procedures by which the GAO may gain access to the documents and records of Federal agencies, contractors, and grantees, and it provides for judicial enforcement of the GAO's written requests and subpenas. A third major feature of the act establishes a formal procedure by which congressional leadership may recommend individuals to the President for appointment to the positions of Comptroller General and Deputy. Because the General Accounting Office is the Congress main 603 Apr. 3 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 auditing and investigating agent, the recommendations of the congressional leaders will be of particular assistance to the President in his selection of nominees for these positions. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 24 is Public Law 96-226, approved April 3. Regulatory Reform Legislation Statement on Approval by the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee. April 3, 1980 I am delighted that the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee has approved the bill to reform regulatory procedures (S. 262). The unanimous vote of the committee this morning means that we have taken another major step toward making regulations more cost-effective and more efficient. I hope that the Congress will take quick action to pass the legislation. It is an important part of our long-range program to minimize the inflationary impact of Federal regulations on the Nation's economy. Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act Statement on Signing H.R. 4996 Into Law. April 3, 1980 I am pleased to sign into law H.R. 4996, a bill to restore the Federal trust relationship and Federal services and benefits to the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah. The bill requires that within 2 years, the Secretary of the Interior develop and submit to the Congress a plan for the enlargement of the tribe's reservation, including the acquisition of not more than 15,000 acres of land. In developing the plan, the Department of the Interior will study closely the needs of the tribe for enlargement of its reservation and make every effort to meet those needs without the expenditure of public funds. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 4996 is Public Law 96-227, approved April 3. National Nursing Home Week, May 11-18, 1980 Message of the President. April 3, 1980 Frail and vulnerable people should have a primary place in the minds and hearts of all Americans. Many of them turn to nursing homes for the support and care they cannot find elsewhere. On the occasion of National Nursing Home Week, I salute the hundreds of thousands of persons who give of themselves unselfishly in serving our senior citizens. I also applaud and congratulate those facilities which aspire to the highest ideals of this service. Care of the frail and vulnerable is not always easy, but those who have provided it unstintingly and with devotion know that it has its rewards. There is nothing more reprehensible than the exploitation of those who are defenseless. We therefore owe our special thanks to those in the health care field who consistently work to improve the quality of life of nursing home inhabitants. On this occasion I call upon the American people to make our nursing homes an integral part of our communities. The conditions that prevail in them should reflect the compassionate concern of community groups, families, churches, service and labor organizations and private individuals. And the quality of attention they provide should be a credit to the 604 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 3 professionals who staff them and a source of pride to all who are associated with them. National Nursing Home Week gives all of us-those who manage and work in nursing homes, friends of nursing home residents and those who share the concerns of their communities-the opportunity to rededicate ourselves to setting and perpetuating the highest standards of care for those who must make these institutions their home in their declining years. JIMMY CARTER Commission on Civil Rights Nomination of Three Members. April 3, 1980 The President today announced three persons whom he will nominate as members of the Commission on Civil Rights. They are: MARY FRANCES BERRY, associate professor of history at Howard University and former Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare for Education. Berry, 42, was chancellor of the University of Colorado before she was appointed Assistant Secretary of HEW in 1977. She resigned from HEW earlier this year. BLANDINA CARDENAS RAMIREZ, director of development at the Inter-Cultural Development Research Association in San Antonio. Ramirez, 35, was Director of the Children's Bureau at HEW from 1977 to 1979 and was previously director of the Center for the Management of Innovation in Multicultural Education in San Antonio. JILL S. RUCKELSHAUS, who was Special Assistant to the President for Women's Affairs from 1972 to 1974. Ruckelshaus, 43, is active as a speaker on women's rights and was a delegate to the 1975 and 1977 National Conferences for Women. She serves on the advisory board of the National Women's Political Caucus. National Consumer Cooperative Bank Nomination of Frank B. Sollars To Be a Member of the Board of Directors. April 3, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Frank B. Sollars, of Washington Court House, Ohio, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the National Consumer Cooperative Bank, a new position. Sollars, 58, is a farm owner and operator in Fayette County, Ohio, and president of Sollars Brothers Corp., which manufactures farm equipment. He is on the board of directors of the Fayette County Bank and is chairman of the board of directors of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. Sollars is past president of the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation and a past director of the Ohio Chamber of Commerce. Overseas Private Investment Corporation Nomination of Dean R. Axtell To Be Executive Vice President. April 3, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Dean R. Axtell, of Park Forest, Ill., to be Executive Vice President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. He would replace David Gregg, resigned. Axtell has been president of DESA Industries Division of AMCA International Corp., a manufacturer of consumer and construction products. He was born April 11, 1927, in Kenosha, Wis. He received a B.B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1950 and became a certified public accountant in 1953. From 1955 to 1974, he was with the firm of Inland Ryerson Construction Products 605 Apr. 3 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Co., initially as an accountant and finally as vice president for building systems, then vice president for operations. From 1974 to 1976, he was vice president and general manager of Varco-Pruden Division of AMCA International Corp. United Nations Appointment of Robert E. Kaufman as U.S. Deputy Representative on the Economic and Social Council. April 3, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Robert E. Kaufman as Deputy Representative of the United States on the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. Kaufman has been economic and commercial officer in Brussels since 1977. He was born October 29, 1930, in New York City. He received a B.S. from the University of North Carolina in 1951 and an M.B.A. (1954) and LL.B. (1958) from New York University. He served in the U.S. Air Force in 1953 and from 1954 to 1956. Kaufman joined the Foreign Service in 1959 and served in Maracaibo, Caracas, Paris, Brussels, and at the State Department. From 1969 to 1971, he was political officer (USEC) in Brussels, and from 1971 to 1973, he was special assistant to the Counselor of the Department of State. From 1973 to 1977, he was economic and commercial officer in London. Commission on Presidential Scholars Appointment of June K. Goodman as a Member. April 3, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of June K. Goodman, of Danbury, Conn., as a member of the Commission on Presidential Scholars. Goodman is chairperson of the Connecticut Commission on the Arts and vice chairperson of the Connecticut Board of Education. She is executive director of the Danbury Music Centre and is a former elementary and high school science teacher. United States Air Force Academy Board of Visitors Appointment of Two Members. April 3, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of two persons as members of the Board of Visitors to the United States Air Force Academy. They are: ROBERT LIST, Governor of Nevada (reappointment); and WESLEY WENTZ POSVAR, chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh, who was on the faculty of the Air Force Academy for 10 years and served in the Air Force for 21 years. Digest of Other White House announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. March 29 The President met at the White House with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. March 30 The President met at the White House with Mr. and Mrs. Harry Metrinko of Olyphant, Pa., parents of Michael J. 606 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Metrinko, who is being held hostage in Iran. March 31 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Representative William J. Hughes of New Jersey; -the National Security Council; -Democratic and Republican leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives. April I The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Representative John D. Dingell of Michigan and members of the House Conference Committee on the energy mobilization board; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison. April 2 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of the Treasury G. William Miller, John P. White, Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President; -Mr. Moore; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President. In an Oval Office ceremony, the President presented the American Cancer Society's Courage Award to Otto Graham, Athletic Director of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. The President participated in a briefing on administration policies and programs given for Members of the Senate in the East Room at the White House. April 3 The President met at the White House with: -David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -Mr. Moore; -representatives of retail food and drug chains; -Secretary Miller, Paul Volcker, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Mr. Schultze, and Mr. Kahn; -the University of Louisville basketball team, 1980 NCAA champions. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David, Md. The President has signed a determination that the provision of Export-Import Bank financing to the People's Republic of China would be in the national interest. The White House announced that at the President's invitation, Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira of Japan will pay an informal visit to Washington April 30 -May 1. The Prime Minister will confer with the President and other administration officials. Following his stay in Washington, the Prime Minister will visit Mexico and Canada. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. 607 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted April 2, 1980 SAMUEL JAMES ERVIN III, of North Carolina, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. WILLIAM CAMERON CANBY, JR., of Arizona, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, vice Ozell M. Trask, retired. CHARLES L. HARDY, of Arizona, to be United States District Judge for the District of Arizona, vice Walter E. Craig, retired. MILTON IRVING SHADUR, of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois, vice Hubert L. Will, retired. FRANK J. POLOZOLA, of Louisiana, to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Louisiana, vice Elmer Gordon West, retired. CLYDE S. CAHILL, JR., of Missouri, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri, vice James H. Meredith, retired. Submitted April 3, 1980 ROBERT P. AGUILAR, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. THOMAS KENDALL MINTER, of Pennsylvania, to be Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education, Department of Education (new position). F. JAMES RUTHERFORD, of the District of Columbia, to be Assistant Secretary for Educational Research and Improvement, Department of Education (new position). MARY FRANCES BERRY, of Colorado, to be a member of the Commission on Civil Rights, vice Mrs. Frankie Muse Freeman, resigned. JILL S. RUCKELSHAUS, of Washington, to be a member of the Commission on Civil Rights, vice Manuel Ruiz, Jr., resigned. FRANK B. SOLLARS, of Ohio, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the National Consumer Cooperative Bank for a term of 3 years (new position). DEAN R. AXTELL, of Illinois, to be Executive Vice President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, vice David Gregg III, resigned. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released March 31, 1980 Fact sheet: Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 News conference: on the fiscal year 1981 budget revisions-by James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, and Secretary of the Treasury G. William Miller Transcript: announcement on the President's schedule and the situation in Iran-by Press Secretary Jody Powell Released April 1, 1980 Statement: on the situation in Iran-by Mr. Powell Announcement: nomination of Samuel James Ervin III to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit Announcement: nomination of William Cameron Canby, Jr., to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit Announcement: nomination of Clyde S. Cahill, Jr., to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Missouri Announcement: nomination of Charles L. Hardy to be United States District Judge for the District of Arizona Announcement: nomination of Frank J. Polozola to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Louisiana Announcement: nomination of Milton Irving Shadur to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois Announcement: creation of a task force to consider Federal policies affecting Maine potato growers Released April 2, 1980 Fact sheet: Proclamation 4744, Petroleum Import Adjustment program Fact sheet: National Conference of Artists Released April 3, 1980 Fact sheet: the President's meeting with representatives of retail food and drug chains Announcement: nomination of Robert P. Aguilar to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California 608 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved March 30, 1980 S. 2269 --- —---------- Public Law 96-220 An act to extend the Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act of 1978, and for other purposes. Approved March 31, 1980 H.R. 4986 --- —------- Public Law 96-221 Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980. Approved April 1, 1980 H.R. 2797 --- —------- Public Law 96-222 Technical Corrections Act of 1979. Approved April 2, 1980 H.R. 3919 --- —------ Public Law 96-223 Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980. ACTS APPROVED-Continued Approved April 2-Continued H.J. Res. 463 --- —----- Public Law 96-224 A joint resolution designating the week of October 5 through October 11, 1980, as "National Diabetes Week". Approved April 3, 1980 H.J. Res. 520 --- —----- Public Law 96-225 A joint resolution to extend by 60 days the expiration date of the Defense Production Act of 1950. H.R. 24 --- —--------- Public Law 96-226 General Accounting Office Act of 1980. H.R. 4996 --- —------- Public Law 96-227 Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act. S. 1515 --- —---------- Public Law 96-228 An act to authorize the striking of Bicentennial medals. 609 Week Ending Friday, April 11, 1980 Sanctions Against Iran Remarks Announcing U.S. Actions. April 7, 1980 Ever since Iranian terrorists imprisoned American Embassy personnel in Tehran early in November, these 50 men and women-their safety, their health, and their future-have been our central concern. We've made every effort to obtain their release on honorable, peaceful, and humanitarian terms, but the Iranians have refused to release them or even to improve the inhumane conditions under which these Americans are being held captive. The events of the last few days have revealed a new and significant dimension in this matter. The militants controlling the Embassy have stated they are willing to turn the hostages over to the Government of Iran, but the Government has refused to take custody of the American hostages. This lays bare the full responsibility of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the Revolutionary Council for the continued illegal and outrageous holding of the innocent hostages. The Iranian Government can no longer escape full responsibility by hiding behind the militants at the Embassy. It must be made clear that the failure to release the hostages will involve increasingly heavy costs to Iran and to its interests. I have today ordered the following steps. First, the United States of America is breaking diplomatic relations with the Government of Iran. The Secretary of State has informed the Government of Iran that its Embassy and consulates in the United States are to be closed immediately. All Iranian diplomatic and consular officials have been declared persona non grata and must leave this country by midnight tomorrow. Second, the Secretary of the Treasury will put into effect official sanctions prohibiting exports from the United States to Iran, in accordance with the sanctions approved by 10 members of the United Nations Security Council on January 13 in the resolution which was vetoed by the Soviet Union. Although shipment of food and medicine were not included in the U.N. Security Council vote, it is expected that exports even of these items to Iran will be minimal or nonexistent. Third, the Secretary of Treasury will make a formal inventory of the assets of the Iranian Government, which were frozen by my previous order, and also will make a census or an inventory of the outstanding claims of American citizens and corporations against the Government of Iran. This accounting of claims will aid in designing a program against Iran for the hostages, for the hostage families, and other U.S. claimants. We are now preparing legislation, which will be introduced in the Congress, to facilitate processing and paying of these claims. Fourth, the Secretary of Treasury [State] and the Attorney General will invalidate all visas issued to Iranian citizens for future entry into the United States, effective today. We will not reissue visas, nor will we issue new visas, except for 611 Apr. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 compelling and proven humanitarian reasons or where the national interest of our own country requires. This directive will be interpreted very strictly. In order to minimize injury to the hostages, the United States has acted at all times with exceptional patience and restraint in this crisis. We have supported Secretary-General Waldheim's activities under the U.N. Security Council mandate to work for a peaceful solution. We will continue to consult with our allies and other friendly governments on the steps we are now taking and on additional measures which may be required. I am committed to resolving this crisis. I am committed to the safe return of the American hostages and to the preservation of our national honor. The hostages and their families, indeed all of us in America, have lived with the reality and the anguish of their captivity for 5 months. The steps I have ordered today are those that are necessary now. Other action may become necessary if these steps do not produce the prompt release of the hostages. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 3: 10 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Diplomatic Relations With Iran Memorandum From the President. April 7, 1980 Memorandum for the Secretary of the Treasury In connection with my decision today to close Iranian diplomatic facilities in the United States, I am directing that the Uniformed Division of the Secret Service provide any assistance necessary to the Secretary of State and the Attorney Gen eral in order to make my decision effective, including control of movement of persons and property into and out of Iranian diplomatic facilities in the District of Columbia. JIMMY CARTER Economic Sanctions Against Iran Executive Order 12205. April 7, 1980 PROHIBITING CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS WITH IRAN By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1631), in order to take steps additional to those set forth in Executive Order No. 12170 of November 14, 1979, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States referred to in that Order, and in furtherance of the objectives of United Nations Security Council Resolution 461 (1979) adopted on December 31, 1979, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. The following are prohibited effective immediately, notwithstanding any contracts entered into or licenses granted before the date of this Order: (a) The sale, supply or other transfer, by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, of any items, commodities or products, except food, medicine and supplies intended strictly for medical purposes, and donations of clothing intended to be used to relieve human suffering, from the United States, or from 612 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 7 any foreign country, whether or not originating in the United States, either to or destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity in Iran, any other person or body in Iran or any other person or body for the purposes of any enterprise carried on in Iran. (b) The shipment by vessel, aircraft, railway or other land transport of United States registration or owned by or under charter to any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or the carriage (whether or not in bond) by land transport facilities across the United States of any of the items, commodities and products covered by paragraph (a) of this section which are consigned to or destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity or any person or body in Iran, or to any enterprise carried on in Iran. (c) The shipment from the United States of any of the items, products and commodities covered by paragraph (a) of this section on vessels or aircraft registered in Iran. (d) The following acts, when committed by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in connection with any transaction involving Iran, an Iranian governmental entity, an enterprise controlled by Iran or an Iranian governmental entity, or any person in Iran: (i) Making available any new credits or loans; (ii) Making available any new deposit facilities or allowing substantial increases in non-dollar deposits which exist as of the date of this Order; (iii) Allowing more favorable terms of payment than are customarily used in international commercial transactions; or (iv) Failing to act in a businesslike manner in exercising any rights when payments due on existing credits or loans are not made in a timely manner. (e) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in any service contract in support of an industrial project in Iran, except any such contract entered into prior to the date of this Order or concerned with medical care. (f) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in any transaction which evades or avoids, or has the purpose or effect of evading or avoiding, any of the prohibitions set forth in this section. 1-102. The prohibitions in section 1 -101 above shall not apply to transactions by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States which is a non-banking association, corporation, or other organization organized and doing business under the laws of any foreign country. 1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated, and authorized to exercise, all functions vested in the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the purposes of this Order. The Secretary may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the Federal government. 1-104. The Secretary of the Treasury shall ensure that actions taken pursuant to this Order and Executive Order No. 12170 are accounted for as required by Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1641). 1-105. This Order is effective immediately. In accord with Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1641) and Section 204 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1703), it shall be immediately 613 Apr. 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 transmitted to the Congress and published in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JIM MY CARTER The White House, April 7, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:18 p.m., April 7, 1980] Economic Sanctions Against Iran Message to the Congress Reporting on the U.S. Actions. April 7, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: Pursuant to Section 204(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1703, I hereby report to the Congress that I have today exercised the authority granted by this Act to take certain trade, financial and other measures against Iran and its nationals. 1. On November 14, 1979, I took the step of blocking certain property or interests in property of the Government of Iran, its instrumentalities and controlled entities and the Central Bank of Iran. At that time the United States Embassy in Tehran was occupied and American personnel were being held hostage there in flagrant violation of international law. In addition, Iran had threatened suddenly to withdraw its assets from United States banks, to refuse to accept payment in dollars for oil, and to repudiate obligations owed to the United States and to United States nationals. Iran's actions attacked the foundations of the international legal order as well as the stability of the world economy and the international monetary system. 2. The extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States, which I determined existed on November 14, continues today. The United States has used every diplomatic and legal means available to it to end this extraordinary threat, but without avail. Iran has ignored or rebuffed a decision by the International Court of Justice, resolutions by the Security Council of the United Nations and efforts by the Secretary General of the United Nations and others to resolve the underlying problems. 3. In light of the above, it is necessary for me to order the following to be prohibited: (a) The sale, supply or other transfer, by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, of any items, commodities or products, except food, medicine and supplies intended strictly for medical purposes, and donations of clothing intended to be used to relieve human suffering, from the United States or from any foreign country, whether or not originating in the United States, either to or destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity in Iran, any other person or body in Iran, or any other person or body for the purposes of any enterprise carried on in Iran. (b) The shipment by vessel, aircraft, railway or other land transport of United States registration or owned by or under charter to any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or the carriage (whether or not in bond) by land transport facilities across the United States of any of the items, commodities and products covered by subparagraph (a) of this paragraph which are consigned to or destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity or any person or body in Iran, or to any enterprise carried on in Iran. (c) The shipment from the United States of any of the items, products and commodities covered by subparagraph (a) of this paragraph on vessels or aircraft registered in Iran. 614 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 7 (d) The following acts, when committed by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in connection with any transaction involving Iran, an Iranian governmental entity, an enterprise controlled by Iran or an Iranian governmental entity, or any person in Iran: (i) Making available any new credits or loans; (ii) Making available any new deposit facilities or allowing substantial increases in non-dollar deposits which exist as of the date of the Order; (iii) Allowing more favorable terms of payment than are customarily used in international commercial transactions; or (iv) Failing to act in a businesslike manner in exercising any rights when payments due on existing credits or loans are not made in a timely manner. (e) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in any service contract in support of an industrial project in Iran, except any such contract entered into prior to the date of the Order or concerned with medical care. (f) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in any transaction which evades or avoids, or has the purpose or effect of evading or avoiding, any of the prohibitions set forth above. Attached is a copy of this Executive Order which I am transmitting pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1641 (b). 4. The prohibitions in paragraph 3 above shall not apply to transactions by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States which is a non-banking association, corporation, or other orga nization organized and doing business under the laws of any foreign country. 5. The above measures are being taken in furtherance of the objectives of Resolution 461 adopted by the Security Council of the United Nations on December 31, 1979, and would have been specifically mandated by the Security Council on January 13, 1980, but for a veto by the Soviet Union. 6. This action is taken with respect to Iran and its nationals for the reasons described in this report. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 7, 1980. Iranian Aliens Executive Order 12206. April 7, 1980 AMENDMENT OF DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY WITH RESPECT TO ENTRY OF CERTAIN ALIENS INTO THE UNITED STATES By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Section 215 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1185), and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. Amendment. Section 1-101 of Executive Order 12172 of November 26, 1979, is amended by deleting "holding nonimmigrant visas,". 1-102. Effective Date. This order is effective immediately. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 7, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:19 p.m., April 7, 1980] 615 Apr. 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow Mailgram to the President of the United States Olympic Committee on U.S. Participation in the Games. April 5,1980 To Robert Kane: I want to emphasize to you my firm and considered judgment that the House of Delegates of the U.S. Olympic Committee should vote Text week not to send American athletes to the summer Olympic games in Moscow. The continuing Soviet aggression and brutality in Afghanistan has shocked and horrified nations and people the world over. It jeopardizes the security of the Persian Gulf area and threatens world peace and stability. In these circumstances, a USOC decision to send a team to Moscow would be against our national interest and would damage our national security. It would indicate to the Soviets-and to the entire world-that the U.S. lacks the resolve to oppose Soviet aggression. It would be perceived as a vindication of the Soviet action, and you can be sure that the Soviets would so portray it. It would weaken the international Olympic movement. There are times when individuals and nations must stand firm on matters of principle. This is such a time. If we clearly and resolutely show the way, other nations will follow. The American people will applaud a USOC decision not to send a team to Moscow. So will the Congress which voted overwhelmingly to oppose U.S. participation at Moscow. I believe such a decision by the USOC will bring enhanced support for the USOC's efforts thereafter on behalf of the interests of American athletes. I ask you to join me, the U.S. Congress, and the American people in the decision not to participate in Moscow this summer. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER [Robert Kane, President, USOC, Teagle Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853] NOTE: Similar mailgrams also were sent to the members of the House of Delegates of the U.S. Olympic Committee. The text of the mailgram was released on April 8. Extension of the Reorganization Act of 1977 Statement on Signing H.R. 6585 Into Law. A pril 8, 1980 I have today signed into law H.R. 6585, which extends the President's reorganization authority under the Reorganization Act of 1977 for one more year, until April 6, 1981. The Congress has acted swiftly in extending this authority. I commend Representative Brooks and Senators Abraham Ribicoff and Jim Sasser for their leadership in facilitating its passage. During the last 3 years, the reorganization plan has proved to be a valuable tool to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of Federal agencies. The extension of this authority for another year provides both the President and the Congress with the ability to deal with organizational problems in the Federal Government that can only be met through joint executivelegislative action. In the last 3 years, nine reorganization plans have gone into effect. Those plans dealt with: (1) reorganizing the Executive Office of the President; (2) establishing the International Communication Agency; 616 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 8 (3) strengthening the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; (4) replacing the Civil Service Commission with the Office of Personnel Management and the independent Merit Systems Protection Board; (5) establishing the Federal Emergency Management Agency; (6) carrying out the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA); (7) establishing the Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System; (8) establishing the International Development Cooperation Agency; and (9) reorganizing our international trade functions under the new Office of the United States Trade Representative. A 10th reorganization plan would improve the effectiveness of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. That plan, which was developed as a result of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island, is now under consideration by the Congress. Again, I commend the Congress for its responsive action in passing this legislation. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 6585 is Public Law 96-230, approved April 8. Visit of President Anwar al-Sadat of Egypt Toasts at the Dinner Honoring the Egyptian President. April 8, 1980 PRESIDENT CARTER. First of all, let me welcome everyone here. In our great country we have a lot to be thankful for. I won't take my entire time to describe the blessings that we have in the United States, but one of the blessings that we have tonight is to have two very close friends to come and visit us, along with their family and their official family, from Egypt. Sometimes when people walk in a home, there's an instant feeling of warmth and friendship and common purpose and even a degree of love. And that's the way we feel when the Sadats come to visit us at the White House. That's not the only thing I'm thankful for. Every day when the election progresses through its long and tortuous route, I'm thankful that one man is not running against me in the United States. [Laughter] How would you like to run against Anwar Sadat-[laughter]-for President of the United States? I would guess that he's possibly the most popular man not only in our country but in most parts of the world, because he has demonstrated in his own life, in a unique and exemplary way, statesmanship, understanding of others in a strong and compassionate and self-confident manner, and the epitome of political courage. When he decided in his own fashion to make an historic trip to Jerusalem, it transformed the attitude of the world. There was a shock that went through society in almost every nation on Earth and a thrill that one person could change instantly a discouraging and even debilitating deadlock, which had given four wars in 30 years. It's hard to think back now on those troubled times, because so much has changed in the last 30 months-a time when Israel was hated and despised by almost all Arab governments, when no Arab leader had the temerity to even meet with or talk to or recognize diplomatically or 617 Apr. 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 acknowledge the right of Israel to exist. And President Sadat decided to change all that. And he was received with gratitude and friendship and with courage by Prime Minister Begin and the people of Israel. A lot has happened since then, and the response has been extraordinary-an unprecedented achievement of an accord, an agreement, a mutual commitment between Israel and Egypt after 13 days of intense negotiations at Camp David, when the limit of, I would say, human commitment and tenacity and perseverance and patience was tested. And we came out with a signed document that laid the groundwork for the future. I have reread this document lately, and it's filled not only with achievement but with promise. It would be inconceivable that we would let this promise slip from our grasp and end the hopes and the confidence and the aspirations of two troubled peoples, and indeed the entire world, with failure. It's inconceivable. It's important for us to remember that peace between Israel and Egypt is not a threat to others. It's a possibility for the realization of the hopes of the Palestinians and the hopes of all Israel's neighbors and, indeed, all the nations of the Arab world to live in peace and to slowly but inevitably remove hatred from their hearts and to seek for common understanding. It's not easy. No one claims that it's easy. It hasn't been easy so far. But it's important. The two countries have set May 26 as a goal date for the consummation of the expectations at Camp David, and I think we should not forget the promise, that still exists in a live and vital way, of success. I just summarized on a piece of paper the basic elements of the Camp David accords. It's a brief document. And I would hope that all of you might get a copy of it and just read it over, because it's indeed extraordinary. It specifies that the U.N. Security Council Resolution 242 will be a basis for future negotiations in the relationships between Israel and all her neighbors. It expresses a firm commitment to the respect for the territory and the independence and the integrity and the sovereignty of all nations and the right for them to live in peace behind recognized and secure borders. It specifies that the relationship that's now developed between Israel and Egypt should not be confined to those two nations, but the same kind of thrust should extend to the relationship between Israel and all her neighbors. It's a foundation for future success with nations that so far have not chosen to take advantage of this wonderful opportunity. This document specifies the organization of a self-governing authority in the West Bank and Gaza, derived through free elections held by the people who live in those two troubled areas. And with the establishment of a self-governing authority, Israel has agreed to withdraw the military government and the civilian administration associated with it, and then to withdraw all her troops from the occupied territories, and then the remainder of those troops to be located in specified security locations. The people of those two territories are granted autonomy, and as Prime Minister Begin said many times in the presence of President Sadat and me, not just autonomy-full autonomy. Full autonomy, he said many, many times. It's important for us to know that the agreement calls for a strong local police force and for that local police force to be interrelated with law enforcement officials in Jordan and in Egypt and in other surrounding countries. It's important for us to remember that security arrangements should be agreed upon, that there should be a recognition of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian 618 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 8 people, that the Palestinians have a right to participate in the determination of their own future, and that the Palestinian question should be resolved in all its aspects, and that the nations involved-that is, Egypt, Israel, we, and others-should provide for the resolution of the problem of the Palestinian refugees. You can see how far-reaching this document is, and Prime Minister Begin, President Sadat, and I are pledged to carry out all these agreements on our word of honor and on the honor of the nations that we represent. It's a solemn commitment which cannot be lightly ignored or violated. The world now may be skeptical about the prospects of success, but the world is not nearly so skeptical now as it was before Camp David or before the peace treaty was signed between Israel and Egypt. We've overcome difficulties in the past, and the United States plays a full role in assuring that the negotiations now underway will be successful. A week from now, Prime Minister Begin will be here. And he has the same commitment to the success of this effort as is shared between President Sadat and myself. We cannot afford to fail, because of these two nations committed to peace and led by courageous men who are determined not to fail. Tonight, I would like to propose a toast: To the people of Egypt, a proud and ancient nation which has provided leadership for the world through many generations, and for its great leader, President Anwar Sadat, his lovely wife, and all the human characteristics that are so fine and noble which they represent. And I'd like to propose a toast to peace. PRESIDENT SADAT. My dear friend, President Carter, Mrs. Carter, dear friends: Thank you for your kind words and genuine hospitality. As you well know, it is always a pleasure for us to visit your great country and work with you for the noble cause of peace and friendship among nations. The historic steps we have taken together on the road to peace constitute the most positive contribution to that cause. We are determined to pursue our mission until a comprehensive settlement is achieved. This was our pledge when we started together, and it remains our firm commitment. If a comprehensive settlement was a necessity at the time we began our endeavor, it is an absolute must today. The talks we held today confirmed my confidence in your unwavering commitment to justice and morality. You have demonstrated once again your sensitivity to other people suffering a denial of rights. You have proven your determination to stand firm by your commitments. You set a shining example for genuine concern and unselfish concern for peace and stability in every corner of the world. You fully realized the interdependence and community of interests between all nations today. As ever, you shouldered your responsibility with vision and courage. In the weeks and months ahead, we shall continue to work together for the consolidation of peace. We shall spare no effort in our concerted drive to effect a genuine change in the West Bank and Gaza. A real transfer of authority must take place, and a new era of reconciliation should begin. This would be in the interest of all nations, not the Palestinian peoples alone. No one benefits from the continuation of occupation and the perpetuation of conflict. No one profits from the escalation of tension and the deepening of suspicion, suspension, and distrust among those who live in the same region. Everyone stands to 619 Apr. 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 gain from a just and lasting peace in the cradle of civilization. I am happy to say that we are quite satisfied with the development of our cooperation in various fields. This is greatly appreciated by every Egyptian. We are determined to intensify the creative exchange between our peoples for the good of all nations. Such a healthy and sound relationship, based on mutual respect and trust, can promote a higher degree of universal understanding and cooperation. It sets a model for human interaction and solidarity with those who believe in the oneness of the destiny of man. Let us pledge to continue this march and reinforce our friendship in every possible way. Dear friends, permit me to ask you to rise in a tribute to our great friend, President Jimmy Carter, and Mrs. Carter, to all of you present tonight, to every American who lent us his support and understanding, and to the ever-growing friendship between our nations. God bless you all. NOTE: President Carter spoke at 8:07 p.m. in the State Dining Room at the White House. Older Americans Month and Senior Citizens Day Proclamation 4745. April 9, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Each year since 1963, the month of May has been designated as our Nation's special time for both honoring our older citizens and assessing their present needs. It is my deep belief that not only the form, but the meaning, of that tradition must be observed throughout America. Since I became President, my Administration has worked hard-and successfully-to improve the quality of older persons' lives by enhancing their physical and material security and by providing greater opportunities for them to continue utilizing their skills and experiences. We have firmed up the financial base of the Social Security system and are continuing to monitor closely the revenue needs of this most fundamental social program. We have worked with the Congress to pass the Older Americans Act, which will unify and improve the administration of services. We have pressed for stronger laws to protect older people against discrimination in the job market and in the allocations of Federal resources, and we have streamlined the enforcement of those laws. We have also taken the initiative to end age discrimination in employment opportunities. However, significant changes are taking place in our population which raise new issues, and highlight new aspects of existing issues. A decline in the birth rate, along with improvements in health care, are moving us toward a society in which more Americans, and a higher proportion of Americans, will be older. The implications of this gradual but certain shift will be felt by all segments of society. Answers must be found to a host of questions which have just begun to be asked, let alone resolved. * How can America be assured that the talents, creativity and experience of its older citizens are adequately tapped through opportunities for salaried employment, self employment and work as volunteers? * How do we identify and support more policies, both public and private, which 620 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 9 further the independence and dignity of older people? * How can we target resources to meet the health and social needs of older persons with special problems, without perpetuating the myth that most elderly are frail or helpless? * How can we expedite the transfer of new knowledge from the remarkable advances of biomedical, social and behavioral research? * How can we focus public policy on the needs and resources of the elderly? * How can we assure that elderly members of minority groups are full participants in America's progress on behalf of the aged? * What is the proper role of government at federal, state and community levels in assuring services and opportunities for older citizens, while encouraging the work of private organizations and the caring support of families? Now is the time to renew a national discussion on these and related issues, through local, state and regional meetings leading up to the White House Conference on Aging in 1981. The forums must involve Americans from all segments of our society: business, labor, educational, cultural, religious, political and community leaders; specialists working with the aged; and, most important, older people themselves. I therefore urge that community forums be held throughout the Nation during May, to begin the process which will culminate in a thoughtful, productive and enduringly beneficial White House Conference in 1981. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate May 1980 as Older Americans Month. I ask all Americans to participate in the activities and discussions marking this special period, so that America can be strengthened and enlightened by the result. I further designate May 8, 1980, as Senior Citizens Day in honor of older Americans. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:26 p.m., April 9, 1980] National Consumer Education Week Proclamation 4746. April 9, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation America's economy is the largest and most complex in the history of the world. It offers an unparalleled choice of goods and services. For our economy to work best for our people, all of us must have the information and knowledge we need to make intelligent decisions as consumers. Every citizen can benefit from knowing more about consumer laws, rights, and avenues of redress. Many people-including the young, the elderly and the poorneed help in learning about buying skills, financial management, resource conservation methods, and self-help or alternative solutions to economic constraints. In addition, educated consumers can do much to ensure genuine competition, increased productivity, higher quality, and lower prices in the marketplace. 621 Apr. 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Many good programs for consumer education, public and private, are now in place. But we need a more comprehensive and coordinated approach. Just as our democratic political system needs wellinformed citizens, our free economy needs well-informed consumers who can participate effectively in the marketplace partnership among consumers, government, and business. Schools, governments, consumer organizations, labor unions, and businesses all can play a role in meeting this challenge. I call upon each of these sectors to examine closely how, individually and collectively, they can initiate and support consumer education. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning October 5, 1980, as National Consumer Education Week. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:27 p.m., April 9, 1980] Visit of President Sadat of Egypt Remarks to Reporters Following a Meeting. April 9, 1980 PRESIDENT CARTER. Again our Nation is honored and pleased to have President Anwar Sadat come here representing the great nation of Egypt. His personal courage and his understanding of difficult issues, his patience in negotiations, and his very sound advice and wisdom which he shares with me, all are very helpful to our Nation in seeking peace not only in the Middle East but throughout the world. The closeness of our diplomatic relations and between our peoples is indeed reassuring to us as Americans. We've had perhaps the most far-reaching discussions this last 2 days, in my own experience as President, concerning many issues that affect our two nations. We have concentrated especially on further progress for peace in the Mideast between Israel and all her neighbors. This is a good exploratory opportunity for us to define the issues more specifically and to detect any differences that might exist between ourselves and the people of Egypt. We are preparing now for a visit next week with Prime Minister Begin, who will be here with representatives of his government, and we expect this to be another step toward the realization of the hopes and expectations spelled out so plainly and specifically in the Camp David accords: the realization of security for Egypt and security for Israel, peace between all the nations in the region, a recognition of sovereign rights, a recognition of Israel's security behind recognized borders, a recognition of the realization of the Palestinian rights, the recognition that the Palestinians must have a voice in the determination of their own future, a resolution of the refugee question. All these elements, described so well in the Camp David accords, are our common goals. These talks have been constructive. And of course no decisions could be reached yet, because Prime Minister Begin and the Israelis must be carefully consulted as well. The United States will continue to play a major role in these discussions, as necessary. And I look forward to seeing 622 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 9 Prime Minister Begin when he arrives next week. We have kept him informed-I have-about the progress of our own talks here, and we have shared with him the basic elements of our discussion. I will be making a full report to Prime Minister Begin following President Sadat's departure, and after Prime Minister Begin's visit, I will, of course, make a full report to President Sadat. I'd like to ask now our distinguished guest to say a word. We are honored, again, to have him here, and I'm deeply grateful for what he adds to my ability to lead this country. President Sadat. PRESIDENT SADAT. In the last 2 days we have discussed and explored all possible alternatives to give momentum to the peace process. Let me tell you this in all candor: A year before, we signed here the treaty between Egypt and Israel. Every party has fulfilled his obligations scrupulously. But as I said, in all candor, we could have never achieved this without the help of President Carter and the American people behind him. At this moment there are lots of difficulties and new developments in the area where we live, namely, Afghanistan, Iran, the threat to the gulf. All this, in my view, should enhance the efforts for reaching an agreement upon the full autonomy for the Palestinians; that has been the material of the second document *of Camp David. As you know, the Palestinian question is the core and crux of the whole problem in the Middle East and the ArabIsraeli conflict. And let me add that with the help of the United States, with the help of President Carter and his decision and his principles, I'm sure we can reach agreement and overcome all the difficulties, like the difficulties we faced before. President Carter's decision to act as full partner was a turning point in the history of this conflict, and it was behind all the achievements that we have reached in the last 2 years-that no one could have believed it could happen in a matter of 2 years, after such a long time in this dispute. Let me seize this opportunity and express my gratitude for my dear friend, President Carter, and for the very warm sentiments of the gallant American people, whom I am proud of being their friend. And as I promised before, I shall never let you down. Thank you very much. NOTE: President Carter spoke at 11:45 a.m. on the South Grounds of the White House. Visit of President Sadat of Egypt White House Statement. April 9, 1980 President Sadat and President Carter have completed 2 days of extensive talks in which they reviewed carefully and in depth a wide range of issues, including the Middle East, Southwest Asia, Africa, and the remaining issues in the current autonomy negotiations. The talks were held in the spirit of the close relationship which President Sadat and President Carter have developed along with Prime Minister Begin in working together to bring peace to the Middle East. Both leaders reaffirmed their conviction that the Camp David agreement and the subsequent peace treaty between Egypt and Israel have produced the first tangible steps, after decades of conflict, toward achieving real peace in that troubled area of the world. President Carter praised the scrupulous implementation of the peace treaty, at times even ahead of schedule, noting that both President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin have proved to the 623 Apr. 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 world their dedication to sparing their people the agony of war. In their discussions, the two Presidents asserted again their joint determination to pursue to successful conclusion, within the Camp David framework, the current autonomy negotiations as another step toward a comprehensive peace settlement in the Middle East. They focused on ways to accelerate the peace process and to resolve the remaining issues in the negotiations. President Carter plans to pursue these discussions in an equally thorough examination next week with Prime Minister Begin. The two Presidents reaffirmed that the objective of the parties is to do everything possible to reach agreement by the May 26 goal set out in the agreement which President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin sent President Carter at the time they signed their peace treaty. They were joined for their discussions on the Egyptian side by the Minister of Defense and War Production, General Kamal Hassan Ali; the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Dr. Butrus Butrus Ghali; the Ambassador to the United States, Dr. Ashraf Ghorbal; and First Under Secretary and Director of the Office of the Vice President, Dr. Usoma al-Baz. The American side was also represented by the Vice President; Secretary of State Cyrus Vance; the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski; the Personal Representative of the President, Ambassador Sol Linowitz; Ambassador to Egypt, Alfred Atherton; the Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, David Aaron; Assistant Secretary of State Harold Saunders; and National Security Council staff member, Robert Hunter. Caribbean/Central American Action Remarks at a White House Reception. April 9, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Governor Graham and members of the board of trustees of the Caribbean/Central American Action, ladies and gentlemen: It's a great opportunity for us to be together, and it's a pleasure for me to welcome you here to the White House. We have before us an exciting and extremely important new enterprise. I know you've spent time today discussing what might be accomplished in the future and some of the elements that comprise the circumstances under which we will be working together, not only among ourselves but with literally thousands of other Americans who share our interest in the Caribbean region, including the islands and the countries of Central America. Tonight marks what I think will be a significant new effort to forge bonds of friendship between the people of the United States of America and our neighbors to the south. Bob Graham has named this group Caribbean/Central American Action, and the emphasis, as you well know, is on the word "action." This is important to us, because what we do will go far beyond good intentions or even good speeches or public statements. We're looking for results, exemplified by lasting friendships both between nations and between people. This action group represents a coming together of two concerns: first, our shared concern about the vital importance of the entire Caribbean region-that concern and interest has been growing lately-and secondly, a recognition that the friendship on a people-to-people basis must be the 624 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 9 foundation for any progress that we envision taking place. Let me say just a few words about each one of these aspects of our interest. The United States is one of a large number of nations and peoples who are washed by the waters of the Caribbean. We are a Caribbean nation just as surely as we are an Atlantic nation or a Pacific nation. Geographically, it's not only the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, but it's also other States as well; Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas are Caribbean States. The cultures of our regions enrich one another-language, shared music, a common interest in sports, a common historical background, a common realization of the opportunities for the future. The ties of blood kinship are very strong, and this can be a basis on which we predicate future progress. Members of the same immediate family share citizenship and residence here in our country and citizenship and residence in every other one of the nations in the Caribbean region. We recognize the extreme strategic importance of the region. This is not of importance only to the United States, but every one of the nations in whom we are interested also must share that common strategic interest and importance. Our security is related one to another. The waters of the Caribbean touch more than 20 independent nations and more than a half-dozen dependencies. And as you know, the formation of new nations has been an almost explosive and a very exciting event in the last few years, and in the next few years as well. Except for us and Venezuela, Mexico, and Colombia, the other nations are relatively small, but each one is important in its own right. The economies of this area are quite vulnerable to international or global price structures and actions taken on a multinational basis outside the region. Many of these countries are heavily dependent on one or two or very few commodities. And when the prices for their products are set outside the borders of their own country, there is a tendency to blame all domestic problems on outside forces. This causes people to want to lash out or to distrust outsiders. It creates instability, and it also makes possible the intrusion of alien forces into a country who do not have the best interests of the people as a prime consideration. The exploitation of dissatisfaction and the desire for change is a recognized fact. These factors have created an open avenue for Cuban adventurism-a Cuba supported by and encouraged by, financed by the Soviet Union. We tend to misunderstand the threat of Cuba. Certainly they contribute to violence and instability in the Caribbean region, but the real threat of Cuba is that they claim to offer a model to be emulated by people who are dissatisfied with their own lot or who are struggling to change things for the better. Cuba's promise, as you well know, is an empty one, just as Cuba's claimed independence is a myth. The inability of Cuban leaders to breathe one critical word of Soviet imperialism, even refraining from criticizing the Soviets' actual invasion of Afghanistan, shows a total absence of independence on the part of Cuba. As you know, the Soviets prop up Cuba's bankrupt economy with an infusion of several millions of dollars every day. Moreover, Cuba is the only nation on Earth, I believe, that is more dependent on one major commodity now than it was 20 years ago. The stagnation there is debilitating indeed. And we see the 625 Apr. 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 hunger of many people on that island to escape political deprivation of freedom and also economic adversity. Our heart goes out to the almost 10,000 freedomloving Cubans who entered a temporarily opened gate at the Peruvian Embassy just within this week. We have a concern, yes, about Cuba's threatening role in the Caribbean, but our overriding interest is not to respond to threats of this kind. Our overriding interest must be the well-being, the unselfish relationship between Americans of all kinds and the people who live in that troubled region, but important region. They're not the only ones who are troubled. Our country, as you well know, shares the same problems, the same troubles of excessive dependence on outside energy, on excessive inflation rates, on relatively high unemployment rates, on a common desire for security, on a struggle to exemplify in our own lives the principles and ideals which we hold so precious. We're not a big brother setting a perfect example in a perfect society for others who are less fortunate than we. We share with our neighbors to the south the same basic problems and also, most importantly, the same basic opportunities. This is a time when people who suffer under dictatorships of the left and the right want a free voice to express their displeasure and their urging for change, and we are concerned when they're deprived of a right to speak or to act in their own best interest. Democracy is a vital force in the Caribbean region. We want to encourage that vital force. We've seen tangible evidence in the Caribbean and the South American region of an improvement in the turnirg toward democracy by many peoples there; in the Dominican Republic, for instance, in the 1978 electionfirst time in the history of that country when there had been a peaceful change of administration brought about by open and free elections. In Saint Vincent and Saint Kitts/Nevis, the recent elections have also demonstrated that democracy works. In some, there've been temporary setbacks-in Suriname and in Grenada, for instance-but we hope that that interruption will be temporary. I'd like to say that Central America, as contrasted with the Caribbean, is going through an even more turbulent time right now, when political polarization increases. The advocates of peaceful and democratic change become the targets of both extremes from the right and the left. This is happening in El Salvador. We're deeply concerned about occurrences there. It could happen other places. The Government of El Salvador is struggling with some very significant reforms in land ownership-one of the most sweeping land reform efforts that I have ever witnessed. And of course we know that this is an effort that both extremes of the right and left would like to see fail. The challenge to us is to refrain from unwarranted intervention in the internal affairs of any other country, but in a completely proper and open way to help those who want to improve their own lifestyle, their own freedom, and their own economic well-being. We ourselves are undergoing very rapid change. We're trying to reverse our dependence on imported oil. We are one of the players on the international scene, along with other countries. We're seeking to alter our ideas and develop better relationships with countries in the developing world. Throughout my own Presidency, we have increased our interest in democratic principles, human rights, and the individuality and the recognition of the importance of each particular country in this troubled region. 626 Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980 Ar Apr. 9 Since I was inaugurated, we have more than doubled aid to the Caribbean region. When the Congress completes action on the present aid program, which I think will pass, we will have nearly quadrupled our aid to Central America. And as you all know, this is a time of extraordinary budgetary restraint. In addition to these bilateral efforts, we have encouraged the formation and worked very closely with 30 other nations and 15 international institutions to provide additional economic help for the Caribbean region-working with the World Bank and others. Multilateral assistance has increased fourfold between 1976 and 1980, from $1 10 million to more than $400 million in that brief period of time. In short, we have put a high priority on a better aid program for the Caribbean region and for Central America. Our values and our concerns require that we play an active role in this region. We've done a lot as a government. I need not go down any more details, but I would like to say that the relationship between our countries is shaped very slightly by actual, tangible, definite government action. In many nations of the south, the "U.S. Government" itself is at least partially suspect-likely without good reason, on occasion with reason. And that's what makes it so important for us to expand what the Government can do in a limited way at the Federal level and encompass other elements of American life who can act more definitively and more effectively to magnify the beneficial influence of our great country among the nations and the peoples in the Caribbean region. The talent, the scientific knowledge, the educational ability, the wealth, the technology of our country is not focused in the Federal Government. It's focused in farmers and workers and businesses and universities, in local governments; it's focused in churches; it's focused among civic groups who have a benevolent character. This is where the real strength of our country lies, and this is an opportunity for tapping the treasure -of what the United States is to reach the goals that you are defining in this new entity. That's why we're here today. I might say that we don't want to supplant the outstanding groups already devoted to similar purposes. We are not going to create a new bureaucracy. We're going to try to coordinate, as best we can, those groups already doing such a wonderful job, build on them, and bring in other thousands of Americans to help us with this common purpose. We're interested in dignity, development, and democracy. Dignity, to be derived in the hearts and minds of hundreds of thousands of our neighbors who knowv for a fact, because we are sincere, that we value them, that we want them to have a better life, that we want them to trust us with good reason, not because we have any selfish intent to exploit them as a customer or even as a political ally, but because we know for certain that they and we share common opportunities and common purposes. Development, not in the form of huge projects perhaps, but communitytype interrelationships that can be derived only with a clear understanding of their opportunities and their needs-here again, there is no way to separate the mutuality of benefit to be derived. And democracy, not trying to foist on others an exact replica of our own government, but to demonstrate by how we act and what we do that our way of life, based on freedom., based on the value of the individual, is worthy of free adoption 627 Apr. 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 by others through their own exercise of their own judgment. Many of you have spent a good part of the day discussing these issues; I know that. But we ought not to forget that everyone here ought to be the core of an enlarging group to encourage diversity of ideas and actions. Each one of you can very quickly think of 10 different organizations or 100 different people that might very well be interested in a particular aspect of people-to-people relationships that would build on friendship, or a business or other relationship that would give us mutually a better life. And I hope that the universities and the churches and the professional groups and others will search diligently for new opportunities for the future. I happen to be particularly interested in the Friendship Force, because Rosalynn and I organized it while I was Governor of Georgia. We had a sister state in Latin America, and we would send back and forth every year two or three hundred Georgians to live in private homes, and that same state would send two or three hundred of their people to live in the private homes in Georgia. It never got a nickel of any government money, and it provided an exciting new dimension of knowledge of one another. And we've tried to bring that now to the Federal level. Obviously, there are many other ideas that can be built upon or created. The Partners of the Americas have tremendous experience that can permeate this entire organization, all aspects of what we do, for the better. And of course, the Sister Cities program is another that can be expanded rapidly to encompass the people who live in the Caribbean region. A mission on agriculture is now underway, with Dr. E. T. York heading it up. And I hope that all these groups and many others will make a beneficial impact among our people and to the south. The last point I want to make is this: We ought always to remember and let our thoughts and our actions exemplify the fact that the benefits to be derived are reciprocal. We're not embarking on this effort to do other people a favor as a handout from a more rich and more powerful neighbor. We should remember that this is a two-way street or a three-way street. We could get many people involved in these kinds of programs. It's a mutual exchange. If we are to speak to others, then we must be equally eager to listen. If we are to teach, we must be equally eager to learn. And if we are to deliver, then we must also be willing to receive, which may perhaps be the most difficult of all. I've written every one of the heads of state in this region. I've met with several groups here at the White House and over in the Cabinet Room. The response has been very enthusiastic. I think the Caribbean, including us and other nations, are ready for accomplishment of these goals. We want to reach out and make sure that we don't fail. This is a time when we can let this effort exemplify the finest aspects of American life. And if and when our effort is successful, then it can serve as a pattern, modified considerably or slightly, for the beneficial extension of American hands of warmth and hearts of friendship to other people throughout the world. It's kind of a test case. With your leadership and your support, with full participation by me when you request and the entire administration here, I have no doubt that we will succeed. This is not a government program; it is your program. And I hope that each one of you will feel equally as responsible for leadership and for inspiration and for 628 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 0 innovation as I myself feel or as your leader, Bob Graham, feels. There is no limit to what we can achieve together, and I stand ready and eager to help in any way possible. Thank you very much. GOVERNOR GRAHAM. Mr. President, those words captured the spirit of the challenge that is before us. This is a classic example of an idea and time meeting at the present moment. The enthusiasm which has been demonstrated by the trustees, the citizens, those who have indicated a desire to support this effort today, is illustrative of that American spirit that we hope to capture and mobilize and direct towards the common good of the peoples of this great section of our planet. We are going to be looking to the men and women who are here today and many others to provide the tangible and the intangible resources that will make this project successful. We have talked previously with some of you about the kinds of concerns that we have and the needs that we have. We hope that you will be attentive and generous in your response. NOTE: The President spoke at 6:04 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Governor Bob Graham of Florida is chairman of Caribbean/Central American Action. United States Ambassador to Uganda Nomination of Gordon R. Beyer. April 10, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Gordon R. Beyer, of Marathon, Fla., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Uganda. The Embassy at Kampala was officially reopened in June 1979, and Beyer would be the first Am bassador there since the resignation of Thomas Melady and the closing of the Embassy in 1973. Beyer has been a Foreign Service officer since 1957 and is currently Director of the Office of East African Affairs, at the State Department. He was born October 13, 1930, in Chicago, Ill. He received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1952 and an M.A. from Northwestern University in 1953. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1953 to 1955. Beyer joined the Foreign Service in 1957 and was posted in Bangkok, Yokohama, Mogadishu, and at the State Department. He attended the National War College in 1971-72. From 1972 to 1975, he was Deputy Chief of Mission in Dar es Salaam, and from 1975 to 1977, he was Deputy Director of Egyptian Affairs at the State Department. In 1977 he was Middle East liaison officer with the U.S. delegation to the U.N. General Assembly. He has been Director of the Office of East African Affairs since 1978. Department of Labor Remarks at the Dedication of the Frances Perkins Building. April 10, 1980 Thank you, Ray, for your introduction and a chance to be here on this delightful occasion. Susanna and Tomlin Coggeshall, Senator Levin and other distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen: This is a beautiful day in Washington, and I think it's the kind of day that can open our hearts to one another and also to the significance of this occasion. Looking back at the history of our Nation, it's significant that from time to time there came upon the American scene an 629 Apr. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 outstanding and courageous and farsighted and sensitive human being who literally transformed for the better the life of all Americans. Nobody deserves this ceremony and this honor more than Frances Perkins. We can be proud to name the Department of Labor Building after one of America's most remarkable public servants, who was also a strong advocate of social and economic justice, as we all know. We should also remember that this dedication is a token of our appreciation and the payment of an enormous debt to her, on the 100th anniversary of her birth. In her life Frances Perkins saw our Nation transformed from official indifference to one which was mobilized to fight for and to cherish the rights of American working people, the well-being of the poor and the elderly, individual human rights, and world peace. She was a witness to momentous change, and she was a prime agent of that change. She helped to carry out a remarkable revolution, a revolution which did not abolish our institutions or our way of government; instead, she noted, it was a revolution of a change in habits-our habits of thought and our habits of acting. Many of us know the details of her life: her work with Jane Addams in the Settlement House, the Triangle fire, her central role in the New Deal, the first woman ever to serve in the Cabinet, and the longest tenure of any Secretary of Labor before or since-certainly up until the present time, Ray. [Laughter] In those years she was known as Madame Secretary, and the whole country knew her by that title. She once earned the compliment that she is "the best man in the Cabinet," and she savored the irony of that comment. Few people who have served in this Nation have touched our lives more directly. The social programs which we take for granted now have come from her struggles and from her achievements. She called the Social Security Act "the measure which is nearest to my heart." She was its chief architect and its chief advocate. Social security, the minimum wage, overtime pay, unemployment compensation, the Works Progress Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the first Federal requirements for workplace safety, and an end to job discriminationthese were just a few of her many accomplishments. She was intensely devoted to the New Deal. Its idea, she said, and I quote, was that "all the political and practical forces of the community should and could be directed to making life better for ordinary people." She knew how to get that done, and she did. She firmly believed in democracy in its strictest definition sense. And she once said that the way to run the country is to let the people move and follow their own good sense. The people as you know, did not let her down. Her ideas, many of which were once thought to be radical, have become part of our basic social fabric; they have become now our ideas. She did not demand reforms overnight, but she understood the ebb and the flow of history, in which justice sometimes advances slowly. She took to heart Franklin Roosevelt's conviction that the trend of civilization itself is forever upward. "A line drawn through the middle of the peaks and the valleys of the centuries," he said, "always has an upward trend." Finally, in her last years, the early 1960's, she witnessed another upwelling of the American conscience-the civil rights 630 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 0 movement and the beginnings of the Great Society. These efforts and our efforts today vindicate her optimism, that despite the peaks and valleys of history, we are proceeding upward. Underlying the good works of Frances Perkins was a deeply religious spirit. She believed it was our obligation to God to seek social and economic justice. She worked with people of all faiths to carry out that obligation, which she felt so deeply. In recent years it has been fashionable among some to disavow the New Deal and the Great Society as being out of date. Some problems have changed, certainly, and we must constantly search for new approaches. But let none of us forget what the New Deal accomplished, that it transformed the face and the heart of America, that its basic tenet is one of an active government. And it's just as valid today as it was then. We know that our future is full of its possibilities still. I grew up in a region that was dramatically affected by the New Deal. I was 14 years old when TVA and REA let us have lights in our home and ease the drudgery, from before sunrise to after sunset, of the life of almost all American farmers. I saw those programs and others, like social security and housing and public works, give new life and new hope to millions of Americans. In later years, I saw civil rights legislation and court decisions and the Great Society programs further transform life in the South, where I live. That progress is obviously not unique to any one section of our country. This is a rich legacy of accomplishment and an obligation to continue the work which was begun five decades ago. I'm proud to be among the Presidents who have taken this obligation seriously, and I reconfirm my own commitment to the social and the economic justice and the idealism to which Frances Perkins devoted her life. Let us remember her for a lifetime of service, but let us also remember her by carrying out the ambitions and the painstaking work that she set out for us to accomplish. This would indeed be the highest form of gratitude that we could express to this remarkable woman, who served all of us and our Nation so well. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:20 a.m. on the steps of the Frances Perkins Building. In his opening remarks, he referred to Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall and Susanna and Tomlin Coggeshall, daughter and grandson of Frances Perkins. Prior to his remarks, the President, Senator Carl Levin of Michigan, and Mrs. Coggeshall assisted Secretary Marshall in unveiling a replica of the plaque dedicating the building to the memory of Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945. The plaque will be placed at the Third Street ceremonial entrance to the building. American Society of Newspaper Editors Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session at the Society's Annual Convention. April 10, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Bill Hornby, Tom Winship, other editors, ladies and gentlemen: First of all, I want to express my thanks to you for fitting me into your very busy schedule. I presume the reason you did it was that you have Senator Kennedy talking to you and Dr. Brzezinski speaking to you, Henry Kissinger speaking to you, and you wanted at least one speaker without an accent. [Laughter] 631 Apr. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 As you may know, for the last 2 days I've been meeting with President Sadat of Egypt. I've been very eager to get him out of the country before he decides to enter the late Presidential primaries. [Laughter] I think I'd rather run against anyone in this country than he. Let me say at the beginning that our meetings these last 2 days have been very significant. President Sadat's historic visit to Jerusalem initiated the process of peacekeeping which finally culminated in the Camp David accords. And through his efforts and those of Prime Minister Begin, with whom I will meet next week, we have already achieved one resulting miracle-a treaty of peace between Egypt and Israel. Its terms are being honored meticulously by both sides. Now we are engaged in negotiating to ensure peace and security for Israel and her neighbors, and for full autonomy for the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. We come to these current talks, in which we are already participating, encouraged that the full agreements carried out at Camp David, with a solemn commitment from all three nations, will also be fully honored, as has the treaty between Egypt and Israel. President Sadat and I talked of many issues. I was not surprised to find him sharing my own thoughts and my own concerns and my own ideas about the course of international events. I would like to discuss with you today some of the most urgent imperatives of American foreign policy, with special emphasis in one particular area of the world. It's important that we take a hard, clear look together, not at some simple world, either of universal good will or of universal hostility, but the complex, changing, and sometimes dangerous world that really exists. It's not one world, but many. It's no longer a world that is structured and controlled by competition among colonial powers. It's a more complicated world, where national, religious, and ethnic assertions are fragmenting old boundaries and old alignments. It's a world of conflicting ideologies, of unequal wealth, and of uneven resources. It's a world in which the capacity for destructive violence is at once alarmingly dispersed to every single small terrorist band and awesomely concentrated in the nuclear arsenals of the superpowers. It's in just such a changing world-uncertain, suspicious, shifting, searching for balance-that we pursue peace and security, not only for ourselves in this great Nation but for every human being on Earth. We have so much youthful vitality that we sometimes forget that we are a mature nation in the best sense. We've been a democratic republic now for two centuries, and we are the strongest nation on Earth. But we live among challenges which are, every day, a test of our maturity and our will and the skill of the American people to deal with rapidly changing and unpredictable times. In many languages and out of many unfamiliar cultures, other peoples constantly ask America for a response to myriad and often conflicting concerns. Nations ask us for leadership, but at the same time they demand their own independence of action. They ask us for aid, but they reject any interference. They ask for understanding, yet they often decline to understand us in return. Some ask for protection, but are wary of the obligations of alliance. Others ask for firmness and certainty, but at the same time they demand flexibility required by the pace of change and the subtlety of events. The world asks with impatience for all these 632 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 0 things at once. They ask for them today, not tomorrow. Nowhere do we face the challenges I've just described more directly than we do in Iran. No single situation so aggravates the American people, so tests our maturity, so tries our patience, so challenges our unity, as does the continued captivity of American hostages in the Tehran Embassy. No other single event seems so clearly to mirror the disorder of our times. This disregard for diplomatic propriety and for international law is a special threat to the small nation, the weak nation, the nation without economic or military or political power or influence. And it also comprises a part of the competing pressures on a great and a powerful nation like ours. This crisis calls on us to act with courage and also with wisdom that will both produce results and preserve life. I'm deeply proud of the steady strength that has been demonstrated in America in dealing with the irresponsible Iranian authorities, who've been unwilling to act or unable to carry out their frequent, solemn commitments. The leaders of the Iranian Government lack the cohesion and resolve to bring order to their own chaotic land or to decide on a basis for ending this illegal detention of hostages, which has created international crisis. For long months, ours has been a restraint of strength, despite outrageous provocation. I do not regret that restraint, which was designed to protect American lives and to explore with Iranian Government officials and with United Nations officials and with mediators working with us a way to resolve this crisis peacefully. But it has become necessary, because Iran would not act in accordance with international law and with their own interests, for us to act again. The steps I've taken this week-to end diplomatic relations and to impose sanctions-are firm and substantive, and we hope that they will be persuasive. America will continue the careful and considered exercise of its power. We will pursue every, and I repeat, every legal use of that power, to bring our people home, free and safe. But the hard, sad reality is that a small number of zealots, engaged in a power struggle within Iran, are using the innocent American hostages for their own advancement, with serious adverse consequences to all Iranian people. In the interests of the people of Iran and of their possible future as a unified and peaceful nation living in freedom, it is imperative that the Iranian Government resolve this crisis. Every day that the crisis continues, Iran is further isolated from the rest of the world. Every day that the American Embassy remains a prison pushes Iran further into lawlessness, down and down the spiral of disorder. With a return of rationality, international lawlessness need not be Iran's fate; bankruptcy, political as well as moral, need not be Iran's future. If interference from outside is a threat, the threat does not come from the United States. The challenge in that area of the world-as in some others-comes from the intersection of two historic trends. One is the rising demand for development and for self-determination which is felt, and deeply felt, throughout what we call the Third World. The United States responds with sympathy to that demand. The other trend is Soviet expansionism, which we are determined to oppose. In 1946 the United States stood firm against Soviet occupation of northern Iran, against Soviet-sponsored subversion in Greece, against Soviet demands on 633 Apr. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Turkey. Historically, American strength has been used to help the countries of the Persian Gulf area to protect their stability and to retain their own sovereignty. The reality of the world today is that Moscow exploits unrest, not to address the discontent that underlies that unrest, not to overcome the inequalities that give rise to unrest, but to expand its own dominion and to satisfy its imperial objectives. In Afghanistan, the Soviet Union has revealed for the world the hypocrisy of its courtship of the Third World. It has shown that it will not be deterred by principle or decency or by international law or by world public opinion or by the opposition of freedom-loving and patriotic Afghanis. And it has made this known in a region which is at once politically volatile and economically crucial. The subjugation of Afghanistan represents the first direct intrusion of Soviet armed forces beyond the borders of the Warsaw Pact nations since the Second World War. The explosiveness of this region, its great natural wealth, and the Soviet willingness to use the armed forces which have been developed during the Kremlin's enormous military buildup during the last 15 years are what combine to make the invasion of Afghanistan so unsettling to the future of international peace. In Southwest Asia, unstable and uncontrollable forces are at work. The Soviets have, with their invasion, disturbed these forces of historic, religious, economic, and ethnic conflict that are beyond the control of the Soviets and that could lead to much more serious direct confrontation with other nations who have vital interests in this region. Nor can the world turn away from the harsh truth that the occupation of Afghanistan is marked by appalling inhumanity. We must not forget and our allies and other nations must not forget that today, at this moment, every day, the Soviet Union is violating human standards of decency and violating human rights in the grossest kind of way. Hundreds of Afghan freedom fighters are dying every week, some in brutal mass executions. Entire villages are being wiped out. More than 800,000 people have fled the country. Terror tactics, including the use of chemical weapons, are the trademark of the ruthless attempt to crush Moslem resistance and to install a Soviet form of peace-a peace of brutal armed suppression. Earlier this year, 103 other members of the United Nations joined us in condemning the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and demanding the immediate withdrawal of the invading forces. Soviet citizens have never been informed of this United Nations action. This unprecedented condemnation was significant, but because of the principle at stake, because of the nation's importance to Western security, because of the savagery of the Soviet assault, which continues till now, and because of the Soviet Union's use of its own troops directly in such a conflict, it's imperative that we continue to meet the challenge of the invasion with calm and unshakable resolution. The measures that I've ordered are designed to enhance peace. They include the embargo on further grain sales, tightened controls on high technology trade, limitations of fishing in United States waters, strengthening of our naval presence in the Indian Ocean, intensification of our development of rapid deployment forces and our capacity to deploy them and to use them, and our offer to assist states in the region to maintain their own security. These are necessary steps on a course which we must and we will persist. 634 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 10 We cannot know with certainty the motivations of the Soviet move into Afghanistan, whether Afghanistan is the purpose or the prelude. Regardless of its motives, there can be no doubt that the Soviet invasion poses an increased threat to the independence of nations in the region and to the world's access to vital resources and to vital sealanes. But our interest in peace and stability in the region goes far beyond economics. We cannot wish away the fact that conflict and tension in the region could endanger the broader peace. And if the invasion of Afghanistan does indeed foreshadow a pattern of Soviet behavior, then for the coming years Americans must accept the truth that we are in for challenging and very difficult times. In this ever more interdependent world, to assume that aggression need be met only when it occurs at one's own doorstep is to tempt new adventures and to risk new and very serious miscalculations. Our course is clear. By responding firmly, we intend to halt aggression where it takes place and to deter it elsewhere. Let me underline for you this most vital point in our policy. America and Americans are not motivated by relentless hostility, by a desire for indiscriminate confrontation or a return to the cold war. But for America simply to accept Soviet occupation and domination of Afghanistan as an accomplished fact would be a cynical signal to the world that could only encourage further aggression, further tension, and further danger to world peace. It is America's responsibility to register, and register in concrete terms, our condemnation of the Soviet invasion for as long as that invasion continues. It is extremely important that we not in any way condone Soviet aggression. We must recall the experience of 1936, the year of the Berlin Olympic games. They were used to inflate the prestige of an ambitious dictator, Adolf Hitler, to show Germany's totalitarian strength to the world in the sports arena as it was being used to cow the world on the banks of the Rhine. The parallel with the site and timing of the 1980 Olympics is striking. Let me call your attention to one compelling similarity between the Nazi view of the 1936 Olympics as a propaganda victory and the official Soviet view of the 1980 summer games. I'd like to read to you a passage from this year's edition of the "Handbook for Party Militants," issued in Moscow for Soviet Party activists, and I quote: "The ideological struggle between East and West is directly involved in the selection of the cities where the Olympic games take place. The decision to award the honor of holding the Olympic games to the capital of the world's first socialist state is convincing testimony of the general recognition of the historic importance and correctness of the foreign policy course of our country, and of the enormous service of the Soviet Union in the struggle for peace." Let me repeat a part of that: "The decision to award the honor of holding the Olympic games to the capital of the world's first socialist state is convincing testimony of the general recognition of the historic importance and correctness of the foreign policy course of our country, and of the enormous services of the Soviet Union in the struggle for peace." A few weeks ago I met with American athletes in the White House. I explained the Soviet stake in the Olympics and the moral and political reasons why the United States will not send a team to the Moscow games. I understand the sacrifice 635 Apr. 1 0 Apr. 10Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 that has been asked from these men and women for the sake of the security of their country and their world; the Soviet leaders certainly understand it. But for our not sending a team to Moscow, this is far more than a symbolic gesture; it's a direct repudiation-in the phrase of their own propaganda handbook-of the "correctness'' of their foreign policy. Under Olympic principles-and this is very important-athletes represent their -nations. Athletes who are not part of a national team cannot compete in the Olympics. The United States does not wish to be represented in a host country that is invading and subjugating another nation in direct violation of human decency and international law. If legal actions are necessary to enforce the decision not to send a team to Moscow, then I will take those legal actions. All of these decisions do require sacrifice, and I've acted to assure that the burdens of those sacrifices are shared as equally as possible among all Americans. The American people have demonstrated that they are willing to bear their share of the burden, but it is also vital that the burden of sacrifice be shared among our allies and among other nations. Neither we nor our allies want to destroy the framework of East-West relations that has yielded concrete benefits to so many people. But ultimately, if we continue to seek the benefit of detente while ignoring the necessity for deterrence, we would lose the advantages of both. It is essential that our intentions be absolutely clear. The measures we've taken against the Soviet Union since the invasion will remain in effect until there is total withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. Then, and only then, we would be prepared to join with Afghani stan and her neighbors in a guarantee of the true neutrality and noninterference in Afghanistan's internal affairs. We support the restoration of a neutral, nonaligned Afghanistan,' with a government that would be responsive to the needs and the wishes of the people of that country. Although the Soviets have talked about the withdrawal of their troops, they have actually shown no interest in such proposals. There are no signs at this time of a Soviet withdrawal. As a matter of fact, within this last week, we have proof that the Soviets are moving additional troop units across the border into Afghanistan. We must be prepared to hold our course and to impose the costs of aggression for as long as this is necessary. We thus face what could be a protracted time of strain in East-West relations. To enhance stability as much as possible in this predictable and difficult period, we will continue to maintain a stable military balance, both through our own steady defense modernization and through negotiated arms limits that are equitable and verifiable. This objectivea stable balance-is advanced by the SALT II treaty. In a period of heightened tensions, it is all the more important that we have reliable constraints on the competition in strategic nuclear weapons. SALT is an integral part of our national security policy. I remain committed to the ratification of this treaty, and the United States intends to abide by its obligations under international law and to take no action inconsistent with its intent or purpose, so long as the Soviets act with similar restraint. The course we pursue, therefore, in this turbulent world is steady, firm, and fair. It's the course of a strong, stable nation 636 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 0 practicing mature restraint, but insisting on justice-the policy we pursue in Iran. It's the course of a resolute nation, hopeful of good relations, but determined to deter aggression-the course we pursue in dealing with the Soviet Union. It's the course of the peacemaker-the same role to which the United States is committed in the Middle East and indeed throughout the world. It's the course of an understanding nation, sensitive to the tides of change and to the rights and the needs of all people-America's rightful approach, proper approach to the revolutionary climate in which a new world is now coming to life. Our mission is to promote order, not to enforce our will. Our mission is to protect our citizens and our national honor, not to harm nor to dishonor others; to compel restraint, not to provoke confrontation; to support the weak, not to dominate them; to assure that the foundations of our new world are laid upon a stable superpower balance, not built on sand. This is a worthy mission for a great nation, for a caring people, and for loyal friends. It is the historical mission of the United States of America. And the United States of America will fulfill this mission. Thank you very much. QUESTIONS MODERATOR. While our panel is taking its position, we'd like to acknowledge the presence today of Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs. We're looking forward to hearing you tonight, Doctor. Our panel of questioners today will be Mr. Charles Bailey of the Minneapolis Tribune., Michael O'Neill of the New York Daily News, and Robert Healy of the Boston Globe. The first question will come from Mr. Healy. SITUATION IN IRAN Q. Mr. President, I have two questions on your speech. You referred to frequent and solemn commitments made by the Iranian Government officials. What were these commitments, and who made them? And on Soviet expansion, is there any connection, or have you found any connecttion, between the Iranian militants that are holding the hostages and the Soviets, and have you given any diplomatic recognition to this by way of communications with the Soviets? THE PRESIDENT. The commitments were made directly to us and through intermediaries that several things would happen: first, that frequent and adequate visits could be made to the American hostages to determine their physical and their psychological well-being, to assure that they were getting adequate medical care and were living under conditions that were humane. We also had firm commitments, including a report to us from the highest Iranian officials in the Government, that through a unanimous vote within the Revolutionary Council, as approved by the students and approved by Khomeini, that the hostages would be transferred from control of the terrorists-students to the Government itself. These kinds of commitments were made from time to time. And invariably, before the commitments were carried out, they were either aborted, or those responsible for carrying them out, through timidity, failed to keep their commitments. I cannot say that we have proof that the terrorists who hold the hostages in the compound are controlled by the Soviet 637 Apr. 1 0 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Union. The Tudeh party in Iran is relatively small in number. In recent months they have been highly supportive of Khomeini and the mullahs and those that are close to him, possibly as a political ploy to seek some better treatment from the Ayatollah Khomeini. The Soviets in recent weeks have had a very strong and constant radio propaganda effort going into Iran, expressing their approval of the actions taken by the militants in the compound. We complained to the Soviet Union strongly and repeatedly, and for awhile that propaganda effort was assuaged. In recent days, however, it has built up again. MODERATOR. Mr. O'Neill. Q. Mr. President, continuing on the issue of the hostages, you said in your speech just now that you will use every legal power that you have to free the hostages, and the other day in your formal statement, you said that other actions may be necessary if the hostages are not promptly freed. Two questions: What kind of legal power are you thinking about using, and two, what do you mean by "prompt"? What is the timetable, if you will, for the actions that you might take, and particularly in the light of the very violent threats that are now being made by the militants? THE PRESIDENT. Mr. O'Neill, I think it would ill-advised for me as President, having the ultimate authority and responsibility for the Nation's actions, to spell out in any sort of detail an exact time schedule or exactly what options are available to us. Under international law, however, since we are an aggrieved nation, caused by not only the action of terrorists but also having the terrorist actions condoned by and even supported by the Government, the breadth of the rights that we have to take action to redress this grievance is quite extensive. Q. Well, on the subject of, for instance, allied support, we are getting conflicting reports as to whether or not they are going to support us or not. What kind of specific commitments are you getting from them to either withdraw their envoys or to apply similar sanctions as you have applied? THE PRESIDENT. Through my own personal messages, either with cables or on the telephone, I have relayed my urging to the allies to give us their full support. The support has been, on occasion, effective. On other occasions, we have been disappointed. Recently, since the effort that has been made to have the hostages transferred or released has been ineffective, we have increased our effort to get the allies to act on their own initiative to seek the release of the hostages. I talked to some of the European leaders very recently. Yesterday and today, the Foreign Ministers of many nations met in Lisbon. They have decided to go to the Iranian officials to demand that the hostages be released immediately and to insist upon a time schedule for the release of the American hostages. Options that are available to them if such action is not forthcoming would have to be chosen by those autonomous and independent nations and their leaders. We have suggested such things as the imposition of the sanctions as voted by the U.N. Security Council, blocked legally by the veto of the Soviet Union, and also the withdrawal of their diplomatic personnel from Iran, or possibly the breaking of relations with Iran. I cannot tell you what those allies and other friends of ours might actually do, but we are putting as much proper effort as possible to induce the allies to act strongly and in a concerted way, hope 638 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 10 fully to break the present deadlock and to resolve the crisis. MODERATOR. Mr. Bailey. POSSIBILITY OF TAX CUTS Q. Mr. President, I'd like to ask a question or two on domestic economic matters. What will you do if the Congress votes this summer or fall to cut taxes, as some are suggesting? Your aides, administration people have said there can't be a tax cut until there is assurance that the fiscal '81 budget will be balanced, and yet that kind of assurance can't be available until toward the end of the budget year. Does that mean no tax cut this year? And if Congress passes one, will you veto it? THE PRESIDENT. If the Congress should pass tax legislation absent a sure commitment, enough to satisfy me, that the budget for 1981 will be balanced, yes, I would veto such legislation. FISCAL YEAR 1981 BUDGET Q. On the budget-you've sent up two budgets this year-why didn't you cut the budget when you originally submitted it instead of doing it a couple of months later? What had changed so much in so short a time? And when you did announce the changes, why weren't they more specific? Why didn't you propose some more painful cuts, such as cutting the cost-of-living increases and social security payments? THE PRESIDENT. When we proposed the budget in January, which was prepared, as you know, in November or early December, there was not nearly so severe a prospect of escalating inflation, and we genuinely thought at that time that the prospect of an immediate recessionary trend was inevitable. Since January, after we had a couple of months to consider a rapid and unexpected increase in the inflation rate with a commensurate increase in interest rates, and also because we saw that the economy was much stronger than we had anticipated, it became obvious to me that a more stringent anti-inflation emphasis should be placed upon the American economy. I might point out that the 1981 budget as originally proposed was a very stringent budget. The present attempts to cut it further are proof of that. In 1976, for instance, we had a deficit in the Federal Government budget that was equivalent to more than 4/2 percent of our gross national product-4V/2 percent. The '81 budget as originally proposed had a deficit equivalent to only sixtenths of 1 percent of the gross national product. So, good progress had been made during that interim in cutting down the size of the deficit. We also had seen a rapid expansion of credit, particularly consumer revolving credit, that needed to be curtailed. The savings rate for Americans had reached the lowest point in 30 years, and this was another indication of action that needed to be taken. Another factor that presented itself was an unanticipated increase in imported oil prices, the international oil prices, which went up about 120 percent in a 12-month period. It went up more in 1979 than in all the previous times since oil was discovered. And the impact of this, and the aftermath of it now that's rolling through our economy, was to some degree higher than anyone could possibly have anticipated. The last point is that there is a worldwide crisis of high inflation and high interest rates. And we're trying to induce a concerted effort, not only in our own country, where we've had some success in 639 Apr. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 cutting down oil consumption and oil imports, but to try to get our allies and other trading partners to take similar action. So, these are some of the changes that did take place. I think the actions that we took are well advised. Now the House Budget Committee and the Senate Budget Committee have considered how to make possible a balanced budget. My judgment is that the soundest approach to this is the recommendation that we've made to the Congress. I hope that the Congress, in it wisdom, will agree with that assessment. MODERATOR. Mr. Healy. U.N. RESOLUTION ON ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS AND JERUSALEM Q. Mr. President, I have a couple of political questions. Why did you let Secretary Vance take the fall for the U.N. resolution vote on the Israeli settlements? Shouldn't you have fired him or taken responsibility yourself, as Eisenhower did with the U-2 and Kennedy did with the Bay of Pigs? THE PRESIDENT. Cy and I considered that there was enough blame or culpability to go around, and we both took a maximum amount. [Laughter] Politically speaking-and as I said to news peoplepersonally, I'm responsible for anything that goes on in our Nation. It would obviously have been better, in retrospect, for me to study very carefully the text of the U.N. resolution for which I approved a positive vote. My understanding was that there were no references in the text at all to Jerusalem and that we would clearly make sure that the world understood that we did not favor demanding publicly the dismantling of the existing settlements. Those two items had been discussed between me and Begin at Camp David, and Sadat understood our position. And I feel now, and felt then, that for us to be clearly on the record as favoring those two parts of the resolution are in contradiction to the further peace prospects that we are now pursuing. But it was a matter of Cy Vance being responsible for what happened at the State Department. I'm responsible for everything that happens in the Government, including the error that was made. PRIMARY ELECTIONS Q. On another point, Mr. President, you've been accused of manipulating foreign affairs for political advantage. There was a White House celebration of the Camp David accord 2 days before the New York primary, when in fact the actual anniversary date was the day after the New York primary. There was a 7:18 a.m. press conference to announce the breakthrough on the hostages the day of the Wisconsin primary, and the next day that fell through. Your pollster, Pat Caddell, said that the press conference had a big impact on the Wisconsin primary; your Press Secretary, Jody Powell, said it did not. Which one is right? And what do you say to your critics about this? THE PRESIDENT. I think Jody is right. [Laughter] And I think the results of the New York primary proved that holding of a reception at the White House on a Sunday afternoon to commemorate the anniversary of the peace treaty did not materially affect the outcome of the voters' decisions in New York. Anyone who said that I have contrived recent events in foreign policy to gain reelection obviously don't understand the political process. If I could contrive international events to help me in the election, I would have made several differences in what has actually occurred. MODERATOR. Mr. O'Neill. 640 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 10 CRITICISM OF AMERICAN LEADERSHIP Q. Mr. President, you spoke rather eloquently a minute ago about Soviet expansionism. Governor Reagan suggested earlier this week and others have charged rather forcefully that there would never have been an Iran, never have been an Afghanistan and the kind of Soviet expansionism that we're talking about currently, if the world leaders had not really lost confidence in American leadership and American resolution during your administration. They cite, for example, inaction in Somalia, Ethiopia, Yemen, and flip-flops on such things as the Soviet troops in Cuba and the U.N. vote on Palestine. What's your response to this kind of fundamental criticism? THE PRESIDENT. I think the people in the Kremlin would agree completely with what Mr. Reagan has said-that the invasion of Afghanistan was not the fault of, nor the responsibility of, President Brezhnev and the Politburo, but was the responsibility of the President of the United States. That's obviously a ridiculous claim that could only damage our own Nation's prestige, coming from a responsible person, and help the Soviets in their claim that they had adequate provocation from this country to take this unwarranted action. And I'm sure the same response would come from the terrorists who hold our hostages captive in the American Embassy in Tehran. I think they would agree with candidate Reagan that this was really not their responsibility or their fault, but the United States is somehow culpable for this abhorrent and inhumane action. So, I do not agree at all with the premise which predicated those statements, but I'm sure that our enemies or our abusers in the Kremlin or in the compound among the terrorists would agree completely. Q. I'm not exactly sure that their intention was to say that you are in collaboration with the Kremlin here; I think the argument isTHE PRESIDENT. I don't maintain that they claim that I was in collaboration. But what I say is that that line of argument, that an invasion of a sovereign country with 100,000 troops or the taking over of a compound with innocent American hostages is somehow the fault of the United States or its President, is completely fallacious and does not help our country and does not help us resolve those issues that are so important for us to resolve. Q. No, but the basic line of argument is somewhat different. They're saying that if we have a long history of inaction, inability to deal effectively with our commitments around the world, that that then leads and misleads other world leaders, particularly in the Soviet Union, to believe that they can take actions with impunity without expecting to get any kind of retaliation from the United States. I think that's the basic argument. And it traces back to this charge that there is this sense among a lot of world leaders of weak leadership in the White House, in the United States during this particular critical period around the world. Now, that contributes to these miscalculations by other national leaders. THE PRESIDENT. Mr. O'Neill, your interpretation of what they might have meant when they said this or that is interesting to me, but I find it still lacking in conviction. The record is that our Nation has always stood firm and resolved against aggression. The Soviets have used their surrogates to go into nations with troops, ostensibly at the invitation of the host government. This occurred in Angola, as you well know, with Cuban troops, I think in 1975-1976. It has occurred before and since then, when the Soviets invaded 641 Apr. I10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Czechoslovakia, when they invaded Hungary, when they took over East Germany, took over Poland. I don't believe that anybody could say that was because the United States was weak or vacillating. We have made steady progress, in my judgment, in expanding the beneficial impact of our Nation throughout the world. The Communist government philosophy and what occurs within those nations is not attractive enough to gain adherents without the use of violence or force. It's not an accident that East Germany has a wall built around it. It's not designed to keep people out of East Germany; it's designed to keep people in East Germany. And had the Soviets been successful in selling to one of their neighbors, in Afghanistan, the attractiveness of a totalitarian government under Communism, similar to what exists in Moscow, then they would not have had to put 100,000 troops into an innocent country to subjugate those people and to force them to accept a puppet government. This week we have seen in Cuba a bankrupt nation, kept alive economically, by the skin of their teeth, only with the infusion of 3 or 4 million dollars a day from the Soviet Union. When they temporarily opened the gates in the Embassy in [of] Peru, 10,000 Cubans filled that Embassy to escape political persecution and economic deprivation in Cuba. So, for anyone to claim that it is actions of the United States or a failure of democracy or the failure of a President that has caused these kinds of forceful actions, in the absence of convincing ideological truths that have changed the shape of the world, that's a completely fallacious example. Our resolve is steady. NATO is strong. We've got many new friendships. Our country is now building up, for the first time, our military forces after a long, steady decline. We have very good interrelationships with our allies. Our efforts toward peace are very sound and progressive and successful. I have no apology at all to make for our country or for the administration which I head. MODERATOR. A final question from Mr. Bailey. RESPONSE TO SOVIET AGGRESSION Q. Mr. President, somewhat along the same line, you spoke today of how we are responding firmly-by responding firmly we intend to halt aggression where it takes place and to deter it elsewhere. I think one of the things that troubles a lot of people is that speaking specifically now of our reaction to the Soviet incursion into Afghanistan, aside from our not going to the Olympics, which has a moral force, but which will not stop the games, and aside from our not selling grain to the Soviets, who do seem able to obtain it elsewhere-in dealing with a country which does not appear to be swayed by moral considerations in international affairs, what else can we do to halt aggression? Is there anything else that we can do, beyond the moral force of whatever policies we espouse? THE PRESIDENT. As President I have available to me the resources of the strongest nation on Earth, economically, politically, and militarily. The judgment that I have to make when we're faced with a challenge or with a responsibility is to decide which of those powers or forces that exists substantially at my command to be executed. When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, I decided to exercise the economic and political authority of this country, and not &42 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 0 to go to war and to exercise what military resources we have. Politically, we went to the United Nations, along with other countries, and in an absolutely unprecedented fashion, an overwhelming portion of the nations of the world, including some nations that are subservient to the Soviet Union or dependent upon the Soviet Union, voted to condemn the Soviets and to call for the withdrawal of their troops from Afghanistan. Thirty-four Moslem nations-not all of whom are our friends at all, some very closely aligned with the Soviet Union-voted unanimously to condemn the Soviets and demand that the Soviets withdraw. I made a speech to the Joint Session of the Congress, State of the Union speech, and spelled out the commitments that we would make to maintain steadily, even if we have to stand alone, the economic constraints, our absence of participation in the Olympics, and so forth. We are inducing-I think we'll have substantial success-other nations to join us in these restraints. We go further than other nations, but we are the leader of the world. We're not as vulnerable as some others are to economic or political pressure put on them by the Soviet Union, because of proximity and because of our innate strength. So, I think it's necessary for us to go a little further than the other countries. I don't believe there's any doubt in my mind or in most people's minds that a very clear signal has been sent to the Soviet Union: Your action in Afghanistan is condemned; it will not be accepted; the status quo will not be revived that existed prior to Afghanistan; and further aggression by you will result in the possible exercise of additional authority and power by the United States and other countries above and beyond economic and political actions. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 1:31 p.m. in the Center Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. In his opening remarks, the President referred to William Hornby, former president, and Thomas Winship, president, American Society of Newspaper Editors. Department of Transportation Nomination of Thomas G. Allison To Be General Counsel. April 10, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Thomas G. Allison, of Seattle, Wash., to be General Counsel of the Department of Transportation. He would replace Linda Heller Kamm, resigned. Allison has been with the Washington, D.C., law firm of Preston, Thorgrimson, Ellis & Holman since 1979. He was born April 7, 1946, in Sacramento, Calif. He received an A.B. from the University of Kansas in 1968 and a J.D. from the University of Washington School of Law in 1972. In 1971 and 1972, Allison was a Rule 9 public defender in Seattle, Wash. From 1972 to 1974, he was staff counsel to the U.S. Senate Commerce Committee. From 1974 to 1977, he was transportation counsel to the Senate Commerce Committee and was responsible for transportation legislation and oversight coming within the jurisdiction of the committee. From 1977 to 1978, Allison was chief counsel of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. From 1978 to 1979, he was general counsel to the Senate Appropriations Committee, 643 Apr. 10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and in 1979 he served as special counsel to Senator Bill Bradley. Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust Proclamation 4747. April 10, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Thirty-five years ago, in the closing days of World War II, U.S. Armed Forces liberated the Dachau concentration camp in southern Germany. Words can hardly convey the shock and horror the world felt on seeing the victims-both the living and the dead-of the Nazi program of deliberate genocide. Dachau and the other death camps, Buchenwald, Auschwitz, Treblinka and the others, were the machinery used by the Nazi regime to perpetrate the Holocaust-the systematic, state-sponsored extermination of six million Jews and the murders of millions of other people. The Holocaust was a crime virtually without equal in history. It has left deep moral scars on all humankind. No one who participated in the liberation of those camps or who knows their history can ever forget them-least of all the 250,000 survivors who found a home and built a new life in this country after the war. During my trip to Israel, I visited Yad Vashem, the Israeli memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. I vowed then, and I repeat now, that the world must never permit such evil to occur again. We must study the record of the Holocaust and learn its lessons. We must never forget the terrible fruits of bigotry and hatred, and continually rededicate our selves to the principles of equality and justice for all peoples. In recognition of the magnitude of those crimes against humanity, the Congress of the United States, by joint resolution (S.J. Res. 97), has authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation designating a week of remembrance. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate April 13 through April 19, 1980 as "Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust." I ask the American people to observe this solemn anniversary of the liberation of Dachau with appropriate study, prayers and ceremonies, as a tribute to our determination to eliminate the hatred that produced such horror from the face of the earth. On the recommendation of the President's Commission on the Holocaust, I also ask the people of the United States to observe International Holocaust Commemoration Day on April 13, 1980. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:40 p.m., April 10, 1980] Meeting With Governing Mayor Dietrich Stobbe of Berlin White House Statement. April 11, 1980 The President met this morning with Governing Mayor Dietrich Stobbe of Ber 644 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 1 lin for a discussion of the current international situation. The President explained U.S. policies concerning Afghanistan, Iran, and EastWest relations in the light of the Afghanistan and Iranian crises. In reply, Governing Mayor Stobbe stressed the need for the closest cooperation between the United States and the European Allies in response to these crises. Governing Mayor Stobbe briefed the President on the situation in Berlin, and the President stressed the United States firm commitment to the city's freedom and prosperity. The President reiterated his determination that a United States team will not participate in the Moscow Olympic games. Governing Mayor Stobbe expressed his view that German participation in the Moscow games would be inconceivable in the absence of the United States. 25th Anniversary of the Salk Polio Vaccine Statement by the President. April 11, 1980 April 12 is the 25th anniversary of the field trials of the Salk vaccine, which led to the elimination of massive polio epidemics in this country. In 1955 there were almost 30,000 cases of polio in the United States, while last year there were only 26-16 of them in unvaccinated communities. Through the entire decade of the 1970's, the number of reported cases of polio was less than on any single day in the frightening summer of 1955. This remarkable accomplishment was possible because the March of Dimes, in one of the most dramatic examples in history of concerted voluntary effort, mar shaled the concern and resources of our Nation to help finance the development of the first polio vaccine by Dr. Jonas Salk and conducted the mass field trials necessary to prove its safety and effectiveness. One of the things that has always set America apart is the willingness of our people to join together to solve their problems, to volunteer their time and effort and resources to help each other and strangers far away. On this 25th anniversary we acknowledge our debt to all who had a part in one of medical science's greatest achievements-the scientists who first cultured the polio virus, Dr. Salk and the doctors who conducted the field trials, those who continued the work into massive immunization programs, and all the thousands of volunteers who made their work possible. Council on Wage and Price Stability Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. April 11, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with Section 5 of the Council on Wage and Price Stability Act, as amended, I hereby transmit to the Congress the twentieth quarterly report of the Council on Wage and Price Stability. The report contains a description of the Council's activities during the third quarter of 1979 in monitoring both prices and wages in the private sector and various Federal Government activities that may lead to higher costs and prices without creating commensurate benefits. It discusses Council reports, analyses, and filings before Federal regulatory agencies. It 645 Apr. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 also describes the Council's activities of monitoring wages and prices as part of the anti-inflation program. The Council on Wage and Price Stability will continue to play an important role in supplementing fiscal and monetary policies by calling public attention to wage and price developments or actions by the Government that could be of concern to American consumers. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 11, 1980. Weizmann Institute of Science Remarks on Receiving an Honorary Degree From the Institute. April 11, 1980 LORD SIEFF. Mr. President, it's my privilege on behalf of all of us here, on behalf of the members of the Weizmann Institute, to take part, together with my colleagues and Professor Sela, in conferring on you an honorary doctorate from the Weizmann Institute of Science. We salute you as the architect of the Camp David agreements, a major and vital step in the long and difficult road to peace in the strife-ridden Middle East. It was my privilege to work for over 25 years with Chaim Weizmann, scientist and statesman, first President of Israel. He was the creator and the founder of the Institute. He believed that the Institute was one of the bridges over which peace would pass to the benefit of Israel and her neighbors. Without the support of the people of this great country, the Institute would not have flourished as it has, nor made the contribution it has to the benefit of Israel and mankind. I know I speak for us all when I say thank you for what you are doing and wish you success in your untiring and continuing efforts to achieve a secure and lasting peace for Israel and her neighbors. There are huge problems still to be overcome, but who, 3 years ago, would have thought we would have come so far? That we have come so far is in no small measure, Mr. President, due to you, and we all owe you our thanks and appreciation. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Lord Sieff. LoRD SIEFF. It's my pleasure to now introduce Professor Sela. PROFESSOR SELA. Mr. President, it is a rare privilege and, of course, a profound personal pleasure for me to represent the scientific staff of the Weizmann Institute on this moving and significant occasion, the conferring by the Weizmann Institute of Science of a Ph. D. honoris causa upon the President of the United States, Mr. Jimmy Carter. It is in their name that before presenting you with this degree, Mr. President, I should like to say a few words regarding the role that science can and should play in the establishment of what an earlier United States President, Thomas Jefferson, described some 150 years ago, as the possibility of "peace, commerce and honest friendship between nations long at war." In the course of the current complex, often painful, and most wearing negotiations to transform the dream of peace between Egypt and Israel into a lasting reality, some of the components essential to that peace seem to have been lost sight of, both in Israel and Egypt, and elsewhere. One of these is the contribution to be made on behalf of the burgeoning peace by the scientific and educational institutions of the nations that are party to it. Mr. President, today, as you honor us by accepting the highest distinction that 646 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. II this Institute can bestow, let me reaffirm that the Weizmann Institute will do its best to serve the cause of peace, so scientific exchange of genuine and concrete benefit to the State of Israel, to Egypt, and to those of the Arab states that may one day join us both-not exchange for its own sake, not exchange to score points, not exchange in which one nation opts for the role of benefactor while the other is cast as beneficiary, not exchange in a spirit of philanthropy, nor for purpose of propaganda, but exchange resulting from a serious and a realistic evaluation as to where and how and when collaborative scientific and educational projects can and should be launched. Among the 400-odd basic and applied research projects now underway at the Weizmann Institute, there are many that may add substantially both to the caliber and to the scope of the new relationship for which you, yourself, have labored so hard and for so long. This includes Weizmann Institute research into solar energy and into the possible use of plants and photosynthetic bacteria for the production of fuel; Weizmann Institute research into water resources, into water management and distribution, and into the soundest, most cost-effective uses of desalination; Weizmann Institute research into the physiological basis of fertility regulation, so vital in the development of safe and effective methods of population control; Weizmann Institute research into wheat evolution, genetics, and breeding, in order that bigger, better, and more nutritious grains can be developed; Weizmann Institute research into the parasitic diseases that cripple and kill millions throughout the world. Because scientists everywhere share a commitment to the search for truth, because scientists everywhere hold in common a deep belief in the workings of the unencumbered human imagination, and because science is perhaps the only truly international pursuit, we at the Weizmann Institute are confident that together with our colleagues in the Middle East and in the Western World, we can help mold that better future of which you once spoke so eloquently and fervently in Jerusalem and upon which, since then, so much has been staked. With your permission, I shall now read the citation accompanying the award to you of a Weizmann Institute honorary degree: "On this, the 30th anniversary year of the Weizmann Institute of Science, the Executive Council, at the instance of the Scientific Council, hereby confers on Jimmy Carter, President of the United States of America, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy honoris causa, in recognition of his unparalleled role in the historic negotiations that have led to the making of peace between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel, and, in which, with consummate skill, limitless patience, and a profound grasp of the complexity of the Middle Eastern conflict, he paved the way to a new era of amity and development between these two countries; of his unfaltering commitment to the cause of democracy and the preservation of civil rights throughout the world; and of his deep and abiding appreciation of the importance of science and scientific research in the advancement of human welfare everywhere. Michael Sela, President, Rehovot, Israel, October 24, 1979." May I please give you this scroll? THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. First of all, let me express my deep appreciation for the honor that has been bestowed upon me, and also the honor of having all of you come here to the White House to participate in this ceremony. As 647 Apr. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 a President, I am deeply impressed with what the Weizmann Institute has done and what its founder, the first President of Israel, has contributed not only to your great nation but also to the entire world, It's not a coincidence that not only your first President but two of your Presidents have been scientists. And I think it's not a coincidence either, that because of the tremendous contribution of his.own scientific knowledge and experience to the cause of peace during the Second World War, your first President, Weizmann, earned the gratitude of the British and others and led directly or indirectly to the foundation of your great country. On the edge of a desert is the Weizmann Institute, devoted not only to scientific pursuits but also to the enhancement of peace and to the preservation of basic moral principles. Scientific achievement without morality can be extremely dangerous. The Holocaust resulted from such a juxtaposition, with the Nazis having superb scientific capabilities but not having the moral foundation to guide their achievements in a proper fashion. I hope and I pray that we can be successful in having a comprehensive peace in the Middle East. This week, President Sadat has been here to add his contribution to the progress that's already been made; next week, Prime Minister Begin will be here to join with me to continue that progress. The issues at stake are indeed momentous, not only for the preservation of Israel and its security but also because of the hope that we have that, in the future, Israel can live at peace and in a spirit of harmony and brotherhood with all her neighbors. This has been, as you say, a difficult and a frustrating process. No one would deny those two facts. But I think the immense courage and the sensitivity to one another-and the deep desire of the people of Israel and Egypt-has permitted Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat to make the progress they have made. I'm very pleased to bask in their glory and to derive some benefit from the accomplishments which they have made. Again, let me say that I am deeply honored to be associated with such a fine institution of education and research. And as progress is made in your country in agriculture, in health, in energy, in the basic research and development of all scientific endeavors, we are closely related to you. There will be a tremendous mutual investment and benefit from science and also, we can enhance the status of human beings as we devote our attention to human rights, to basic morality, and to peace. Thank you again. You've honored me; I'm deeply grateful. NOTE: The presentation ceremony began at 1:30 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. The Rt. Hon. Lord Sieff of Brimpton, O.B.E., is chairman of the international board of governors of the Institute, and Professor Michael Sela is president of the Institute. Meeting With Leaders of Ethnic and Fraternal Organizations Remarks During a White House Briefing. April 11, 1980 I just got an invitation to go back to Polish Hill, and I'm looking forward to it. [Laughter] One of the most exciting aspects of being President is to see from the vantage point of the White House and the Oval Office how different our Nation is from one community to another and how different it is from one family to another and one State to another, and at the same time, how, over a period of five or six or 648 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 11 eight generations or just a period of a few years, that difference, that diversity among American people can be welded into a nation of constantly increasing strength. I have a problem and an opportunity to deal with both domestic and foreign affairs on a daily or an even hourly basis. Obviously this strength, based on family, helps me with every single domestic issue that I face. And the diversity of our country, above all other nations on Earth, is of tremendous help to us in establishing and carrying out foreign policy, because people of different ethnic groups in our country have close ties of friendship and love and blood kinship to every nation on Earth. Your coming here, representing fraternal organizations, is extremely helpful to me, because it's a reminder of what our Nation has gone through in the past. Either you personally or your families, including my family, when they came here, felt a sense of alienation or loneliness, of doubt about the future, close ties to the home country-mostly in Europe, many in Asia and other places in our world-but with a sense of adventure, confidence in the future, and a need for help. No matter how powerful or rich or influential a family may have been in a mother country, a new arrival in our Nation needed to understand the new home, how to live, how to vote, how to speak the language, how to get along with different kinds of neighbors, when quite often in the country from which they came there had been a homogenous group, people almost all alike. And that transition from a new immigrant to a strong, confident, productive, cooperative American citizen was quite often made with the help of the fraternal organizations, because they were comprised of people who had been through the same experience. Neighborhoods in our country are so dear and so valuable in accommodating rapidly changing circumstances in our modern America. Even among groups from Poland or Czechoslovakia or Italy or Great Britain or China or Japan, who have now become very stable, and where there is very little in-migration now, have to deal with changing circumstances. We live in a dynamic world. What happened yesterday, what happens today, is very unlikely to happen tomorrow in exactly the same fashion. Our country is faced with tests of strength and tests of courage and tests of our national will and national unity on a daily basis. We've been tested lately by the capture and the holding of American hostages in Iran, by the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet troops. We are being tested by the first realization that our Nation does have limits on energy supplies, and we face an unprecedented level of inflation which has swept the world. Those tests would cause us much more fear about the future had we not been through much more severe tests in the past successfully. We've been through a Great Depression, two World Wars, the Korean war, social changes that have transformed the attitude of one person toward another, a very divisive Vietnam war, when many people didn't support what our Government was doing. And we survived all of that, because there is an innate strength and an innate resiliency in our country and an ability, therefore, to accommodate challenges and to deal with rapid change. Obviously the first responsibility is in the individual human being. An important part of our country's philosophy is that each individual is important, and 649 Apr. 1 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 that individual's right to be different is important-to speak, to learn, to work, to travel, to worship as one chooses, not as someone else tells him or her, not as the government demands. So, that pride in individuality and human freedom is an important and integral role that Americans can enjoy. And of course, the next step is within the family. I would say that within our ethnic communities, which have been pretty coherent and kept as they have been for a long time, there's a special characteristic of the love and appreciation of the value of families. That's important. It brings about cooperation. It brings about a willingness to sacrifice. It brings about unselfishness. It brings about a respect for authority. It brings about a sense of discipline, even within the bounds of personal freedom. It brings about the love of a grandmother or grandfather, that doesn't exist even in some Americans in these changing times. One of the things that I mention quite often is a statement made by a very wise philosopher who said he never could understand how a father could take care of 12 sons and 12 sons couldn't take care of one father. [Laughter] And this kind of obligation, that's mutual, between grandparents and parents on the one hand and children on the other, is a kind of cement that binds us together. And when you go from a person to a family to a neighborhood, then you reach a kind of a governmental level; maybe not an organized government, with a mayor or a councilman or a commissioner or a judge, but where people have to get together, maybe in a schoolhouse on Friday night or maybe in a church on Sunday morning. And you kind of say, "What's wrong with our community, and what can we do to make it a better place to live, and how can we take care of a problem; how can we realize an opportunity?" And that's where the foundations of our government are. The Federal Government can do a lot of things. We can protect those aspects of America that I've just described, but also we can offer help to a neighborhood to act on its own-very important. My wife spends a major part of her time dealing with neighborhoods. How do you make the schools better? How do you care for mentally retarded or mentally afflicted Americans? How do you make the life of senior citizens more secure and pleasant and productive? How do you assure that homes are built where they're needed? How do you assure that crime is controlled? How can you assure that a working person can get to and from the job with a minimum of delay and most efficiently? How can you make sure that we don't waste energy now that it's become so important? How can you make sure that a community can keep jobs available with new investments and be dynamic and aggressive and not shrivel up and die? How can you make sure that change strengthens us, instead of making us weak? How can you keep confidence in the future when we face problems that we all recognize? Those are aspects of a neighborhood that can be strengthened by a wise government. And the important part in a democracy is that there must be a twoway street. It's not the government giving a handout or giving directives or writing regulations or even delivering services, and let that be the end of it; it's the feedback that's important. When a wise person says this program is not working, it could do better that way, or there's a waste here, or there are some people whose needs are not being met, and then when that comes back to Washington, through a Congressman, through a Sena 650 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 1 1 tor, through a Governor, through a mayor, directly to a President, then our whole country is strengthened. So, I'm deeply grateful to you for what you have represented in the past, what you represent now, and I think even more for what you will represent in the future. And the same uncertainty and the same shock or rapid change that took place when those immigrants, including some of you, first came to our country still take place on a daily basis in a strong, dynamic, changing, unified, free nation. And that's why I'm not afraid of the future for our country, because when America has been unified, when our people are bound together in a common purpose, we have never faced a question that we could not answer, and we have never faced a problem that we could not solve, and we have never faced an obstacle that we could not overcome. I look upon you with a great deal of admiration and a great deal of personal appreciation, as the 39th man who's lived in this house-the 38th because Washington didn't live here; 39th President-seeing the strength of our country and, in a democracy, the value of the individual human being, who is proud, confident, free, filled with love for his family, his neighborhood, and for the greatest nation on Earth. I would like to say one other thing. I know you are having a busy afternoon. But I would like to ask you, as a favor to me, to let me stand just outside the door, and I would like to shake hands with everybody here and get a photograph with you, if you don't mind. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:03 p.m. in the East Room at the White House during a portion of a briefing given by administration officials on domestic and foreign issues. National Institute of Education Nomination of P. Michael Timpane To Be Director. April 11, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate P. Michael Timpane, of Arlington, Va., to be Director of the National Institute of Education (NIE). He would replace Patricia Graham, resigned. Timpane has been serving as Acting Director of NIE since 1979 and was Deputy Director from 1977 to 1979. He was born November 27, 1934, in Troy, N.Y. He received a B.A. (1956) and M.A. (1964) from Catholic University and an M.P.A. in education policy, government, and economics from Harvard University in 1970. Timpane served as special assistant to the Deputy for Civil Rights in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower from 1964 to 1968. From 1968 to 1972, he worked in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare for Planning and Evaluation, serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary and Director of Education Planning in 1971 and 1972. From 1972 to 1974, Timpane was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in the economic studies program. From 1974 to 1977, he was on the staff of the Rand Corporation in Washington, where he served as director of the Center for Educational Finance and Governance. Special Adviser to the President Appointment of Alfred H. Moses. April 11, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Alfred H. Moses, of McLean, Va., as Special Adviser to the 651 Apr. 11 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 President. He replaces Ed Sanders, resigned. Moses will serve without compensation and will retain his partnership in the Washington law firm of Covington & Burling. Moses was born July 24, 1929, in Baltimore, Md. He received an A.B. in international relations from Dartmouth College in 1951. He attended graduate school at the Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs at Princeton University, 1951-52, and received a J.D. from Georgetown Law Center in 1956. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1952 to 1956 as an officer assigned to the National Security Agency as an analyst in Chinese affairs and military communications. Among other activities, he has served as vice president and chairman-designate of the executive committee of the American Jewish Committee. Farmer-Owned Grain Reserve Statement on Signing S. 2427 Into Law. April 11, 1980 Today I am pleased to sign into law S. 2427, a bill to give the Secretary of Agriculture additional authority to help ensure that America's farmers do not bear an unfair share of the economic burden associated with the suspension of grain exports to the Soviet Union. Under current law, farmers who do not participate in our voluntary acreage setaside programs, when such programs are in effect, are not eligible to place their wheat and corn in the farmer-owned grain reserve. A set-aside program was in effect for 1979 crops of both wheat and corn, but the outlook for corn prices was favorable enough in late 1978 and early 1979 so that participation was low. Less than one-fourth of the crop acreage was entered in the program. As a result, much of the corn now in farmers' bins is not eligible for the farmer-owned reserve. Some of that grain was previously destined for export to the Soviet Union. From the point of view of the Nation's interest, it is better for farmers to enter this grain in the reserve than to dump it on the market or sell it to the Commodity Credit Corporation. This law would permit a limited amount of that grain to move into the farmer-owned reserve. Farmers who participated in the voluntary 1979 program will retain a very significant advantage. They will continue to have unlimited access to the reserve throughout the period of eligibility of their grain, and they will not be required to pay interest on the price support loans they receive for grain in the reserve. The special entrants under this law will pay one year's interest, and only a limited amount of special entry grain will be permitted, on a first-come-first-served basis. I believe this action will benefit all farmers, both those who participated in the 1979 programs and those who did not. It will help the Secretary maintain market prices and thus fulfill my pledge that the economic conditions grain producers face in 1980 will be unchanged by the Soviet grain suspension. Furthermore, this additional authority will permit us to fulfill that pledge at lowest cost to the Government. The bill has two other important features. It permits corn to be sold for alcohol fuel production at the reserve release price, rather than the higher price required by current law, and it relaxes the restriction on the size of individual loans that can be made for farm storage facilities. The latter feature complements the other actions we have taken to expand 652 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and improve the farmer-owned grain reserve. I want to compliment the Congress on its speed. This measure was first discussed with Senator Talmadge on March 6. The House completed work on the Senatepassed bill on April 1. Without the strong and effective support of Chairman Talmadge and Chairman Foley, such quick action would not have been possible. NOTE: As enacted, S. 2427 is Public Law 96-234, approved April 11. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. April 7 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. The President met at the White House with his national security advisers. April 8 The President met at the White House with: -Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; -President Leopold Sedar Senghor of Senegal. The President transmitted to the Congress the 13th annual report on the Operation of the Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965. April 9 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -professional baseball player Pete Rose, honorary chairman of the 1980 Savings Bonds Campaign, and Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Chairman of the Interagency Committee for the Purchase of United States Savings Bonds; -Charles H. Pillard, president of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. The White House announced that the President has appointed Charles L. Brown, chairman of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, as United States National Chairman for United Nations Day, 1980. The White House announced that the President has signed an order which designates the Secretary of Labor and the Administrator of Veterans Affairs as members of the Federal Council on the Humanities. The President declared a major disaster for the State of Louisiana as a result of severe storms and flooding during the period March 26-31, which caused extensive property damage. April 10 The President met at the White House with David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. The White House announced that at the request of the President, Vice President Walter F. Mondale will address the United States Olympic Committee House of Delegates in Colorado Springs, Colo., on April 12, when the delegates are expected to vote on the issue of U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. April 11 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary 653 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Brown, Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -representatives of the chemical industry; -a group of editors and broadcasters (transcript will be printed next week); -Air Force One pilot Col. Lester C. McClelland, who is retiring from the Air Force. The President announced the appointment of Rebecca W. Hanmer, Regional Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency for Region IV, as a Commissioner representing the Federal Government on the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted April 9, 1980 JAMES HARRY MICHAEL, JR., of Virginia, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October, 20, 1978. JAMES EDWARD SHEFFIELD, of Virginia, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. Submitted April 10, 1980 ROBERT E. HERZSTEIN, of the District of Columbia, to be Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade (new position). CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. 654 CHECKLIST-Continued Released April 7, 1980 Advance text: remarks announcing U.S. sanctions against Iran Released April 8, 1980 Announcement: remarks at a White House reception for Caribbean/Central American Action, and information about the group Released April 9, 1980 Announcement: nomination of James Harry Michael, Jr., to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia Announcement: nomination of James Edward Sheffield to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia Released April 10, 1980 Advance text: remarks at the annual convention of the American Society of Newspaper Editors Released April 11, 1980 Announcement: nomination of Ruth Bader Ginsburg to be United States Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Announcement: nomination of Jerre S. Williams to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit Announcement: nomination of W. Earl Britt to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of North Carolina Announcement: nomination of Patrick F. Kelly to be United States District Judge for the District of Kansas Announcement: nomination of Walter Herbert Rice to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio Announcement: nomination of S. Arthur Spiegel to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved April 7, 1980 H.R. 2676 --- —------- Public Law 96-229 Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1980. H.R. 2318 --- —-------- Private Law 96-53 An act for the relief of Casimir Jan Kray. Approved April 8, 1980 H.R. 6585 --- —-------- Public Law 96-230 An act to extend the reorganization authority of the President under chapter 9 of title 5. Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ACTS APPROVED-Continued Approved April 8-Continued S.J. Res. 131 --- —------ Public Law 96-231 A joint resolution designating April 10, 1980, as "ORT Centennial Day". Approved April 10, 1980 H.R. 5794 --- —-------- Public Law 96-232 An act to designate the building known as the Federal Building in Evansville, Indiana, as the "Winfield K. Denton Building". ACTS APPROVED-Continued Approved April 10-Continued S.J. Res. 97 --- —------ Public Law 96-233 A joint resolution designating April 13 through April 19 as "Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust". Approved April 11, 1980 S. 2427 --- —----------- Public Law 96-234 An act to encourage greater participation in the farmer-held reserve program for corn and wheat, and for other purposes. 655 Week Ending Friday, April 18, 1980 Petroleum Import Adjustment Program Proclamation 4748. April 11, 1980 TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS TO PROCLAMATION 4744 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), and the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.), Proclamation 4744 is hereby amended as follows: Section 1-101. Section 1-104 of Proclamation 4744 is amended by renumbering paragraph (a) (2) as (a) (3), and by the addition of a new paragraph (a) (2) to read: "(a)... (2) With respect to the entry of gasoline subject to the payment of a fee, the Secretary shall refund fees paid or reduce fees owed by the amount of any additional levy which results in a reduction in entitlements obligations as set forth in Section 2-105(b) of this Proclamation and which is imposed and collected by Puerto Rico on such entries that are consumed in Puerto Rico; provided, that, with respect to each barrel, such refunds or reductions may not exceed the amount of the actual fee for the month in which the entry was made." Sec. 1-102. Section 2-105(a) of Proclamation 4744 is amended by revising the phrase "paragraphs (b) and (c)" to read "paragraph (b) ". Sec. 1-103. Section 2-109 of Proclamation 4744 is amended to read: "Sec. 2-109. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy Regulations: "(a) (1) A person that is a refiner may add to its BIt factor for gasoline (its increased purchased product costs as described in Section 212.83 of the Energy Regulations) for use in determining any current month's prices an amount equal to $4.20 multiplied by the number of barrels of gasoline subject to the gasoline conservation fee which that refiner entered into the United States in the month two months prior to such month. Any increases in gasoline prices that are allowed as a result of such addition to the BIt factor shall not be made prior to May 15, 1980. "(2) If, in any current month beginning with June 1980, the amount of gasoline conservation fees on gasoline paid by a refiner in the month immediately preceding that month was greater or less than an amount determined by multiplying $4.20 by the number of barrels of gasoline subject to the gasoline conservation fee which were entered into the United States by that refiner in the month three months prior to that month, the difference shall be added to or subtracted from, respectively, that refiner's BIt factor for use in determining that month's prices. 657 Apr. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 " (b) ( 1 ) A person that is a refiner may add to its A1t factor for gasoline (its increased crude oil costs as described in Section 212.83 of the Energy Regulations) for use in determining any current month's prices an amount equal to $4.20 multiplied by the number of barrels of that refiner's gasoline production in the month two months prior to that month. Any increases in gasoline prices that are allowed as a result of such addition to the Ait factor shall not be made prior to May 15, 1980. "(2) If, in any current month beginning with June 1980, the amount paid by a refiner for gasoline entitlements purchased in the month immediately preceding that particular month was greater or less than an amount determined by multiplying $4.20 by the number of barrels of that refiner's gasoline production in the month three months prior to that month, the difference shall be added to or subtracted from, respectively, that refiner's AIt factor for use in determining that month's prices. "(3) The amount added to or subtracted from the Ait factor pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the "gasoline tilt" provision found in the last sentence of the first paragraph of Section 212.83 (a) (2) (iii) (C) of the Energy Regulations." Sec. 1-104. Section 3-103 (a) of Procmation 4774 is amended by revising the phrase "Section 3-103" to read "Section 3-102". Sec. 1-105. Section 4-101 of Proclamation 4744 is amended by revising the phrase "April 14" to read "April 24". IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independ ence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:26 a.m., April 14, 1980] NOTE: The proclamation was announced on April 12. Interview With the President Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Editors and Broadcasters. April 11, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Let me say, first of all, that I'm grateful that you would come to the White House for a meeting with some of my own advisers and also to give me a chance to spend a few minutes with you discussing some of the issues that are important to me and to you and to our country. ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM One of the overwhelming concerns that all of us share is to control the extremely high inflation rate. We're doing this through a multitude of actions with which you're all familiar, some requiring congressional concurrence, some that I've initiated on my own, and some requiring cooperation from labor and business. This morning, for instance, I met with the leaders of the chemical industry, a basic industry for our Nation and one within which both prices and profits have been very high in recent months. I asked this industry to join with us in a voluntary program to restrain their price increases during the next few months to increase the effect of this voluntary restraint, which is so urgently needed. Earlier, I met with representatives of 658 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 12 the chains of stores who sell food and the owners and managers of the chains of stores which sell drugs. We have 21 chains, for instance, having more than 5,000 stores, who have volunteered to freeze their prices, ranging anywhere from 30 days to a few months. We had a favorable response this morning from the chemical industry. And this is the kind of additional impact that we believe will result in a substantial lowering of the inflation rate in just a few months. We've got some beneficial trends that are taking place now, which we believe will bring good results. Obviously, there are many other things which concern me as President. I have been involved with the test of our Nation in Iran and Afghanistan, in dealing with the Mideast peace negotiations and, of course, with the energy question and others on the domestic scene. It might be good now for us to take what time we have available to answer your questions on specific issues. I'll try to keep my answers brief and concise and clear. QUESTIONS INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE PRESS Q. Mr. President, yesterday, newspapers were upset because the CIA Director, Admiral Turner, admitted that in some extreme cases he would use newspapermen as agents. He said he has to approve the case; it must come before him, and he must approve it. And the New York Times' Dave Rosenfeld and Gene Patterson of the Fort Lauderdale paper and John McMullen of the Miami Herald were very upset about this and said it casts danger upon their foreign correspondents, because they'll be thought of as agents. THE PRESIDENT. I think that Admiral Turner also said that he is not using any newsQ. He said he'd approved three, but before they had used it, the circumstances had changed and they didn't need them. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. We have a question, obviously, in how to announce publicly what we will and will not do. And there's a similar question with people like clergymen or schoolteachers and others. In a rapidly changing international situation, where on occasion our Nation's own security or existence might be threatened, we do not want to publicly foreclose the option of taking certain action that might be necessary. But I think Admiral Turner expressed the policy accurately. We are not now using any newspeople. This would be done on extreme circumstances, and the personal approval of either Admiral Turner or myself would be required. U.S. AND SOVIET MILITARY STRENGTH Q. Mr. President, there's a great deal of concern, I think, in the country over our defense posture, with many conflicting reports. How would you characterize our relative strength with the Soviet Union's in strategic and conventional strength? THE PRESIDENT. I would say superior. But we have a very serious concern about the buildup rate of Soviet military capability over the last 15 years. They have been increasing their expenditures for military capability at an average annual compounded rate of 3 or 4, sometimes 5 percent; whereas up until 1977, our own Nation's expenditure for defense in real terms had been going downward. We now have a comnnitment, not only in our own country but among our allies, to in 659 Apr. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 crease our expenditure for defense in real terms above and beyond the inflation rate. It's very difficult to compare our country with the Soviet Union on the number of troops, the number of tanks, the number of planes, and so forth, because it's such a complicated interrelationship. I'll give you a couple of examples. One is that when you compare the total number of troops marshaled now for defense in the Western alliance-that is, in NATO-and compare them with the total number of troops marshaled by the Soviet Union, we compare very favorably. I think we have a few more troops. If you only compare American troops with Soviet troops, the Soviets would have more than we. In addition, I would say at least a fourth of the Soviet troops and military equipment, weapons, would have to be marshaled along the Chinese border and not devoted to the western border of the Soviet Union looking toward Europe. This is an important consideration that clouds the issue. Another one is that the Soviets have probably spent $100 billion in an air defense system for their continental territory. This is an expenditure which we have not made, because we do not think it's necessary. And we also think that the Soviet massive expenditure for this purpose has not been well advised, looking at the situation from their point of view, because we still believe that our upcoming cruise missiles, our present bomber capability could penetrate this air defense system with relative impunity. There is another series of questions. We have probably four or five times the economic capability among ourselves and our allies compared to the Soviet Union and its allies. We have almost unbelievably easy access collectively to the oceans, whereas the Soviets have a very narrow access to the oceans in most respects. So, I would say that, in balance, on military capability, economic capability, political influence, we are superior to the Soviet Union in every respect. But we have been extremely concerned, to summarize, because the Soviets are building up their military capability so rapidly that we have been in danger of their overtaking us and acquiring, from their perception, from our allies' perception, from my own, and from the world, a superiority, which we are determined to prevent. SITUATION IN IRAN Q. Mr. President, Ed Tobias, WTOP Radio in Washington. Given the situation as it stands today and the reaction of our allies to your request for sanctions against Iran, how likely is it that we'll have to take some sort of military action in the Persian Gulf area? THE PRESIDENT. Well here again, we have been extremely patient. We've tried to use the services of our own direct negotiations, via public statements, intermediaries, such as some of the European communities and their embassies, the United Nations, and some private citizens, to negotiate with the Iranians to secure the release of the hostages. On a number of occasions, we have had the absolute, firm commitment from top Iranian officials that the hostages would be transferred from control of the terrorists to the Government and then released. These promises have not been honored, either because they were not made in good faith or because of timidity or incapability on the part of the officials to deliver what they promised. We obviously have reserved for ourselves the right to use any means per 660 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 12 mitted under international law. And since we are a seriously aggrieved party, with our own nationals being held and our own Embassy grounds being taken, this would not foreclose the option of using military force if I decide it's necessary. Q. How likely is that? THE PRESIDENT. I would rather not comment any further. SOVIET GRAIN EMBARGO Q. Mr. President, a few months ago, when the embargo was put on, farmers across the country seemed in strong support of that, and as grain prices have dropped off, we have less of support. How effective has the grain embargo been to date, because they are concerned that some of that grain may be still getting there via Third World countries? THE PRESIDENT. It's been effective. We don't know what the Soviets' production will be this year from their winter grain crop and their present highly delayed plantings, but we think it's been very effective. The amount of grain that I did prevent being shipped amounted to about 11 million tons. We estimate that about 6 million of those tons 1 have been substituted by the Soviet Union through additional purchases, sometimes at a very highly escalated price. This means that about 11 million tons of grain which the Soviets had counted upon acquiring from us will not be going to the Soviet Union. We've done everything we possibly could, as you know, to maintain the stability of the grain markets since the first part of January, when we imposed the 1 That is, of the 17 million tons that would have been shipped to the Soviets from the United States, but were blocked by the President's order. [White House clarification.] restraint on sales to the Soviet Union. We can't guarantee that markets will be frozen indefinitely, no matter what the vicissitudes of the international production and demands might be. Lately the markets have strengthened to some degree. We have replaced, through increased sales efforts, a great amount of the grain that would have gone to the Soviet Union. For instance, the first 2 months of this year, after the imposition of the restraints, we had a 36-percent increase in total grain shipments from our Nation above and beyond what we shipped the first 2 months of 1979. And we estimate that we've had more than 10 million tons of additional grain sold, which we had not counted upon being sold prior to the imposition of the partial embargo on shipments to the Soviet Union. I would say, therefore, that we have perpetrated against the Soviet Union a substantial reduction in the amount of grain that they are able to acquire, and we have minimized, as best we could, adverse effects on the American grain market. And we have increased and will have another banner, recordbreaking year in 1980 on total grain exports. Q. How long will you keep the embargo on? THE PRESIDENT. As long as the Soviet troops are in Afghanistan. SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN Q. Mr. President, what effect do you expect the sanctions that you're imposing against Iran to have? THE PRESIDENT. It's hard to quantify the impact. The Iranian economy is in very bad shape. The shipment of oil from their country is at a very low level. In the last few months, it has averaged less than a million and a half barrels of oil per day, 661 Apr. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and in the last week or two, it has been much lower than that. Their military capability has been attenuated severely. Not only have we stopped the shipment of military equipment and spare parts to the Iranians, but also. many of our European allies have joined in this embargo of similar equipment. It's hard to predict that unilateral sanctions on the part of the United States would be adequate to force them to release the hostages. I think our experience so far has indicated to the contrary. We still have additional capability of imposing punitive action or coercive action against Iran short of exercising our military options. We are considering what we will do next. If we can induce our European allies, the Japanese, and others to join with us in the imposition of sanctions and in the imposition of diplomatic restraints, then of course it will greatly magnify the impact of all those sanctions collectively. HOUSING INDUSTRY AND INFLATION Q. Mr. President, on the housing problem, you've stated that you would not like to see further problems with the housing industry. I come from lower Delaware, and they're most concerned about the bill by Representative Al Ullman which recently passed in the House, which would eliminate the tax exempt status for the low-interest home mortgage bond program. Senator Joe Biden of Delaware, among others, is trying to see that that bill is defeated in the U.S. Senate. I'm wondering if you have a position there. And if it does pass the Senate, would you veto it in line with your promise to try and make sure the housing industry does not suffer further with the high interest rates? THE PRESIDENT. If the bill passes, I would not veto it. Let me say that we are very concerned about the housing industry. We've taken a lot of action since I've been in office to enhance the strength of the housing industry, and with some substantial degree of success. In spite of very high comparative interest rates and inflation rate during the last couple of years, the rate of homebuilding has been sustained at a level, almost 2 million homes per year. It is low at this time. With the money market certificates, we have helped to minimize the adverse impact on the homebuilding industry compared to what it would have been in previous years. It's important on a long-term basis that we lower the inflation rate and lower the interest rates and not do something of a transitory nature that might not have any permanent beneficial effect. As we impose credit restrictions, for instance, we specifically excluded home buyers from those credit restraints. And as you put a limit on how much money is borrowed by others in this country for a given amount of money available to be loaned, it means that the home buyers, and therefore the home builders and sellers, are given special and favorable consideration. That has been done by us, not only in the houses themselves but also in major items that go into a home-the durable goods, like refrigerators, stoves, and the furnishings for a home. In addition to that, when we get the Federal Government out of the borrowing business, which we intend to do in fiscal year 1981, beginning in October, you move a heavy competitor for those longterm loans from a limited supply of money available. And that, again, will open up to the homebuilding industry an easier access to credit. 662 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 12 The last point is that we have been especially interested in keeping Government-assisted homebuilding levels very high. I think all of you recognize how difficult the task has been to balance the 1981 budget. We've had severe reductions in some programs. In spite of that, we'll have a 25-percent increase in 1981, compared to this year, in federally assisted housing, and we'll sustain that at a 300,000-home level. So, we are moving as strongly as we can to minimize the adverse effect on the homebuilding industry under present, very difficult circumstances. But the overriding beneficial effect will be to get inflation under control, I hope this summer, at a much lower level than it is now and with the commensurate lower rates. SUPPORT FOR AFGHAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS Q. Mr. President, have you any intentions of helping the Afghans in some way fight the Soviet troops there? THE PRESIDENT. That's a difficult thing for us to do or to discuss. The Soviets, I am sure, have been extremely surprised at the tenacity and the courage of the Afghan freedom fighters. There's been an extraordinary circumstance there in that there have been heavy defections from the Afghan armed forces by those who favor liberty and freedom more than accepting the subjugation of the Soviet invaders. As they have defected from the Afghan forces, they have taken with them large quantities of weapons and ammunition. This has been a very effective source of supply of weapons for the Afghan people. In addition to that, even some who still stay within the Afghan armed forces are supplying part of their ammunition to the freedom fighters themselves. I don't think there are any American weapons at all in Afghanistan. I think there have been a few grenades, I understand, found in Afghanistan, but those were derived from previous sales made to Iran in years gone by. So, my own judgment is that it's proper for us to both conduct and to discuss aid that we are giving to the refugees. And there are now probably 650,000 refugees in Pakistan, out of Afghanistan, and maybe more than 100,000 more in Iran and other countries-maybe a total of 800,000 or more. We can give aid to them and support. But I think the Afghan freedom fighters are doing very well on their own in getting weapons away from their own previous armed forces and also perhaps some from the Soviet invaders. U.S. PARTICIPATION IN SUMMER OLYMPICS Q. Mr. President, Alan Grigsby, from the Register-Star in Hudson, New York. If the United States takes legal action against the citizens who intend to go to the Soviet Union to participate in the Olympics, what difference is there between our country and a totalitarian country, such as the Soviet Union, which orders a boycott by its citizens in other countries-Olympic? THE PRESIDENT. Well, in the first place, our country is not invading an adjacent, freedom-loving, deeply religious country to punish them with death and executions and destruction and the deprivation of their independence. That's one difference. As you probably know, I have the authority under existing law to prevent trade and commerce with other nations when we consider our own country's security to be at stake. And any action that I might take to restrict Americans from participating as competitors in the Olympics would be completely within the law as it presently exists. I don't anticipate having to 663 Apr. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ask the Congress for additional legislation to permit this restraint. Under the principles of the Olympics, under their bylaws and constitution, athletes do not go to the Olympics and participate in competition except as part of a national team. It has never been part of the Olympics for an individual athlete who may be a superb competitor to go to the Olympics on his or her own and say, "I want to represent myself and participate in the Olympics." My authority is limited to the prohibition, if I choose to exercise it, of Americans participating to represent our country. I have made my position Jear. The Congress, with an almost unanimous decision by the House and also the Senate, has expressed its position on this issue. So, you have the administrative and the legislative branches of Congress expressing accurately what the American people feel. In addition, I think all the public opinion polls have shown-and this is a secondary matter, but it's significantthat the American people, in addition to the President and the Congress, the American people, by more than a 2-to-1 majority, do not favor an American team going to Moscow and, in effect, giving an imprimatur of approval of Soviet aggression and domination, through aggression, of Afghanistan. ENERGY SOURCES Q. Mr. President, my name is Tom Koenninger of the Columbian in Vancouver, Washington. This is a picture of Mount Saint Helens erupting. It represents one potential new source of energy. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. We can use all we can get. [Laughter] Q. I'd be glad to donate it to you. Are there other forms of energy which the administration is researching right now which we have not yet heard about? 664 THE PRESIDENT. I can't say that there are any that you have not heard about, because I think the full gamut of possibilities for energy have been adequately considered. But we obviously have a major effort on energy sources that have not been fully publicized. One that I had to consider just this morning was the level of funding for fusion research, which can give us a clean, hopefully safe, inexhaustible supply of energy in the future if it is successful. We're doing a lot of research, as you know, at different places around our Nation, at Princeton, at MIT, and I think one of the California I think California-Cal Tech, I believe. Is it? Cal Tech. And then we are considering also, at the Hanford Works Site in Washington, additional efforts for fusion power. That's just one of the ones that we are considering. Obviously the easiest and best source of energy is to save and to eliminate waste. We're making good progress in that respect-more efficient automobiles, more efficient trains. One that the Japanese are working on is a train system with suspension based on a magnetic field, so there's practically no friction and you can get the same amount of passenger or ton miles for about 15 to 20 percent of the energy expenditure. Solar energy is still the best and the longest term inexhaustible supply, both from growing crops and directly from the Sun, and of course, in an indirect way, hydropower and the power of the tides and the ocean, growing crops-all come from the Sun. But I think the different possibilities have been at least revealed to the public. But with changing circumstances, different elements would be more highly publicized as they become more and more feasible, both scientifically and economically. Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 12 Ms. BARIO.2 Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Maybe one more question. ECONOMIC POLICIES Q. George Winters, with a Wichita television station. Russ Meyers, the chairman of the board, Cessna Corporationduring the past month he's laid off about 3,500 to 5,000 workers. During one of the layoffs, he said these layoffs are directly a result of your economic policies. And he blasts you quite heavily. Do you accept that blame? THE PRESIDENT. Well, yes, I accept the blame for everything that goes on in this country. [Laughter] I would like to get the credit for the greatness of our Nation as well. [Laughter] It's hard for a President to try to say that he's not culpable or to blame when something goes wrong in our Nation, but obviously the economic forces that sweep the world are the fault of no particular person. I don't think it's constructive in a time of economic challenge or difficulty or crisis to try to throw rocks at one another and to find some scapegoat on whom to blame this extremely complicated circumstance. Inflation is the biggest culprit. We've had good success in bringing down the Federal deficit; we've made as much progress as any other nation on Earth in trying to reduce the import of foreign oil, which is a heavy contributing factor; and so forth. We've worked very closely with industry in trying to control the inflation rate and to deal with the economic circumstances. We still have a very strong economy, by the way. There are some particular elements of the economy that cause me concern. The automobile construction industry is one. Three years ago I sat around this table here with the top executives of 2 Patricia Y. Bario, Deputy Press Secretary. all of the American automobile manufacturing companies, trying to urge them in the strongest possible terms to build a smaller, more efficient, automobile with a cleaner exhaust. They told me that it was impossible either to build or to sell that kind of automobile because the American public would not accept it. And when we told them that foreign manufacturers were likely to take over the market, they took very strong issue against it. Now the American manufacturers can sell every single efficient automobile they can manufacture, and the transition from the large gas-guzzlers over to the smaller cars is taking place. That's the kind of thing that I'm sure concerns the automobile industry. Another very important example now is the steel industry. I'm extremely concerned about the steel industry; I was 3 years ago when I first came into this office. We consulted with steel. We had a very low production rate then, I think about 78 percent. Now it's up at 88 percent. We're using 88 percent of the total capacity of the steel plants in this country at this point. We had a very high level of imports from foreign countries. We've now reduced the level of imports of steel from foreign countries by 2 million tons per year, which is a substantial improvement. The profit margin in 1979 for the entire steel industry, compared to 1977 for the steel industry, has been multiplied 60 times over, which means that the steel industry has much more to plow back into improved plants. We were concerned about dumping, and we strengthened the antidumping laws. As a matter of fact, the lawsuits that are now being filed by U.S. Steel on antidumping can be expedited by the very law that was passed by the Congress and 665 Apr. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 signed by me in 1979. And we will use, for instance, the trigger price mechanism, which we put forward at the urging of the steel industry, whenever we consider it to be feasible, either when the antidumping suits are resolved successfully or when it's withdrawn. The trigger price mechanism stands there as an opportunity for us to use, when and if we see it's desirable. So, in the steel industry, in energy, in the control of inflation, in the small airplane construction business, we're doing the best we can to control the economic forces that sweep this country and indeed sweep the entire world. But the thing we ought not to forget is that we're all in it together, and it doesn't help to try to find some particular groupthe government or business or labor or the consuming public or OPEC or our trade partners in Japan or Europe-on whom to focus the blame. The best thing to do is to search a way to utilize the tremendous, unequaled natural and human resources of this country and continue to build for the future. Our future is bright, not because I'm President, but because of the innate character of the American people, the free enterprise system that we have, the individuality which we prize, the innovation, the research, the development of our university system and our scientific capabilities, and the natural resources that we have in supplies, access to transportation, good climate, rich land, mineral deposits. You know, we have all the advantages. So, this temporary problem that the world shares on economics, primarily derived from a rapid increase in energy, is something that we can accommodate and handle.and manage, and ultimately may even-from which we can derive benefit, much better than any other nation on Earth. So, I don't look to the future with anything except anticipation. I believe if we work together and don't try to further fragment our country, we'll be successful. I'm completely confident about that. Thank you very much, everybody. NOTE: The interview began at 2:04 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. The transcript of the interview was released on April 12. District of Columbia Housing Revenue Bonds Statement on Signing H.R. 3824 Into Law. April 12, 1980 I have today signed into law H.R. 3824, which allows the District of Columbia City Council to delegate its authority to issue housing revenue bonds to its housing finance agency and exempts the bonds' revenues from the congressional appropriations process. In addition, this bill would allow the District to issue housing revenue bonds which are tax exempt. In the 1981 budget which I sent to the Congress in January, I recommended legislation to restrict the use of tax-free mortgage subsidy bonds to certain limited circumstances. Multifamily housing revenue bonds can serve an important and desirable function. But if permitted to grow without restriction, single-family revenue bonds would direct little of the money to the families who need it most. Further, the bonds contribute to inflation by increasing the Federal deficit, adding to demand for housing, and frustrating efforts of the Federal Reserve Board to restrict expansion of credit. The House has already passed H.R. 5741, which implements some of my recommendations. I 666 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 12 continue to support legislation along these lines. I have signed H.R. 3824 so that the District of Columbia may compete on an equal basis with other States and localities in the housing bond market. Any broader bond legislation that is subsequently enacted should apply equally to the District and the rest of the Nation. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3824 is Public Law 96-235, approved April 12. Emergency Board To Investigate a Railway Labor Dispute Executive Order 12207. April 12, 1980 CREATING AN EMERGENCY BOARD To INVESTIGATE A DISPUTE BETWEEN THE PORT AUTHORITY TRANS-HUDSON CORPORATION AND CERTAIN OF ITS EMPLOYEES A dispute exists between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of the United States and Canada. This dispute has not heretofore been adjusted under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended; and The dispute, in the judgment of the National Mediation Board, threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree such as to deprive a section of the country of essential transportation service: Now, THEREFORE, by the authority vested in me by Section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, as amended (45 U.S.C. 160), it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. Establishment of Board. There is established a board of three members to be appointed by the President to in vestigate this dispute. No member of the board shall be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in any organization of railroad employees or any carrier. 1-102. Report. The board shall report its finding to the President with respect to the dispute within 30 days from the date of this Order. 1-103. Maintaining Conditions. As provided by Section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, as amended, from this date and for 30 days after the board has made its report to the President, no change, except by agreement, shall be made by the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, or by its employees, in the conditions out of which the dispute arose. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 12, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:27 a.m., April 14, 1980] Emergency Board To Investigate a Railway Labor Dispute Announcement of the Establishment of the Board. April 12, 1980 The President announced today the creation of Presidential Emergency Board No. 193 to investigate and make recommendations for settlement of a current dispute between the Port Authority TransHudson Corp. (PATH) and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of the United States and Canada (BRC). The President, by Executive order, created the Emergency Board on recommendation of the National Mediation Board. A strike against PATH threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree such as to-deprive a sec 667 Apr. 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tion of the country of essential transportation service. PATH normally handles between 150,000 and 160,000 passenger trips each weekday between New Jersey and New York City, which conveyance represents 75 percent of all rail travelers entering New York from New Jersey; the other 25 percent is carried by Conrail services. Although it appears that a tentative settlement has been reached in both the New York City transit dispute and the Long Island Rail Road negotiations, those settlements must still be ratified by the unions' membership, and full service may or may not be immediately restored. The impact of a PATH work stoppage would contribute to serious transportation disruption in the metropolitan area. Consequently, the President invoked the emergency board procedures of the Railway Labor Act, which in part provide that the Board will report its findings and recommendations for settlement to the President within 30 days from the date of the Executive order. The parties must then consider the recommendations of the Emergency Board and endeavor to resolve their differences without engaging in self-help during a subsequent 30-day period. 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow Statement by the White House Press Secretary on a Vote by the U.S. Olympic Committee House of Delegates. April 12, 1980 The President welcomes the strong vote of the United States Olympic Committee House of Delegates not to send a United States team to the Moscow Olympics in light of his advice that to send a team would be contrary to our national in terest. The President has authorized me to say that this advice will not change by May 20 or at any time thereafter. For all practical purposes, therefore, the House of Delegates vote means that the United States will not send a team to Moscow. As the Vice President stated today, the President and the Congress will support the USOC efforts to strengthen its financial position. They will also give appropriate honor and recognition to the American athletes who are making the sacrifice of not competing in Moscow. Now that the USOC has made clear that it will not take part in the Moscow games, we are confident that other leading nations of the free world will join in this demonstration that no nation is entitled to serve as host for an Olympic festival of peace while it persists in invading and subjugating another nation. Interview With the President Question-and-Answer Session With Foreign Correspondents. April 12, 1980 Q. Mr. President, sir, we appreciate very much your having us here in the Oval Office, and we are most grateful that you are willing to take some time to answer our questions. THE PRESIDENT. It's a pleasure. IRAN U.S. SUPPORT FROM ALLIES Q. Mr. President, it's apparent there's great disappointment in this country over insufficient support of your policy in the Iran crisis. What is it exactly that you want your European allies to do? 668 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.1 Apr. 13 THE PRESIDENT. I think the most important aspect of the Iranian and the Afghanistan problems is not the disappointment that we feel with our allies, but the consistency and unanimity that we all share, in this country and in Europe, about the threat to peace that has been put forward, not only by the Soviet aggression in Afghanistan but by the terrorist attack on our Embassy and its officials in Iran. There has been a unanimous condemnation of these two acts as a threat to peace. Our country has obviously moved forward much more aggressively in Iran, because our people are directly involved. We have tried for the last more than 5 months, through every peaceful means, through every diplomatic means, to bring about a resolution of this crisis, to protect the honor and integrity of our country, and to secure the safe release of our people back to freedom. We've now found that because of many reasons the Iranian Government, what there is of it, has not been able to deliver on their commitments to transfer the hostages to safe care and then to release them altogether. We do need the full and aggressive support of our allies. What we ask specifically of them is that they carry out now two basic proposals. One is to honor the sanctions against Iran that were voted and supported by all of them in the United Nations Security Council earlier this year. The final action of the U.N. Security Council was stopped by a Soviet veto. And secondly, if this should prove to be unsuccessful,. then to join us in strong diplomatic moves against Iran, to show them that we all do stand together in this condemnation of terrorism, a threat to our country, to all of them, and particularly the smaller nations who don't have the economic or political or military power to protect its interests. U.S. OPTIONS TO FREE THE HOSTAGES Q. Mr. President, with reference to what you just said, Mr. Brzezinski, and I quote, in a statement last Thursday, said that "if all the allies gave their solidarity, such solidarity could render unnecessary the application of other measures." But that means that if they don't give their full solidarity, you'll think of enforcing other measures. Which ones, and when? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we do, and we don't have much time left. The American people are ready and eager to see this matter resolved. Under international law we are a seriously aggrieved party, and we have a breadth of options available to us-economic, diplomatic, military options as well. To the extent that the allies can join with us in making effective the diplomatic and economic pressures that might cause the Iranians to release the hostages, then we can forgo the requirement that we take additional, stronger action. We prefer to keep our action nonbelligerent in nature, but we reserve the right to take whatever action is necessary to secure the safe release of our hostages. TIMING FOR RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES Q. You said, Mr. President, you have not much time. Can you give us an idea of timing? THE PRESIDENT. Well, it's not a matter of many weeks or certainly not a matter of months. It's not appropriate for me now to set a specific date. But we have sent to the heads of nations, all of those represented by you, a specific date, at which time we would expect this common effort to be successful. 669 Apr. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 U.S. RESPONSE TO INJURY TO THE HOSTAGES Q. Mr. President, Mr. Powell said yesterday that the next moves won't be military. But if the militants take action against the hostages-physical action or a trial-what will be your action? THE PRESIDENT. Our action would be very strong and forceful and might very well involve military means. What Mr. Powell said is consistent with my policy that we do intend to exhaust not only our own diplomatic and economic action-and there are other actions of an economic nature that we can take against Iran-but also to exhaust the common effect of concerted action on the part of our allies, which we have requested very clearly both privately and publicly. And following that, we will be required to take additional action which may very well involve military means. But if our hostages are injured or if any of them are killed, then we would not delay in taking much stronger action of an incisive nature. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN Q. Mr. President, yesterday the European Foreign Ministers have been received by President Bani-Sadr, and they hinted the possibility of a sanction. Is that step enough for you? THE PRESIDENT. I think I've answered that question already by saying that economic sanctions, as supported by all of your nations in the U.N. Security Council, would be one of the steps, and we would expect additional diplomatic steps to be taken unless an immediate favorable response is received from the Iranians. I have talked to the leaders of the 'Jody Powell, Press Secretary to the President. countries represented here-some within the last 2 or 3 days, some within the last 2 or 3 weeks-and have made it plain to them that the experience that we have suffered with the Iranians is constant misleading statements, constant delay, constant failure to carry out commitments made, either because of a deliberate attempt to mislead or because of timidity and a failure to have authority enough to carry out a commitment even if it was made in good conscience. But I think that we have now an opportunity, if strong and concerted action is taken by our allies in Europe and our friends and supported by additional economic measures that we are now contemplating, to avoid the military action or other stronger belligerent action that would be always an open option for us. THE NATIONAL INTEREST AND RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES Q. Mr. President, in pursuing what you've said is an aggressive or a more aggressive policy towards Iran, and if we also were to join in with you in that, aren't you not only failing to get the hostages back but also driving Iran and its oil into the arms of the Russians? THE PRESIDENT. I don't think anyone could find fault with me because I have not been adequately patient. We have seen 53 innocent Americans held by terrorists, first of all, and then later supported by and condoned by the official Government of Iran in complete contravention to every standard of human decency and morality and in contravention of diplomatic procedures and international law. This has been a situation condemned on two occasions by the entire membership of the U.N. Security Council; the International Court of Justice has confirmed this opinion. 670 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.1 Apr. 13 And we have been extremely patient. Our patience is running out. And if I have been criticized in my own country for any aspect of my behavior, it's been because we have been too patient, not too precipitous. Q. Yes. I wasn't really questioning that you've been too patient. I was suggesting, now that you've switched from the patience to a course that is pushing up against Iran, that you might get to a point now where you would have to, say, choose between the American national interest and the lives of the hostages. How would you choose in a situation like that? THE PRESIDENT. I have tried to avoid making that choice, and I think it would be inappropriate for me in a public forum to describe what I have done. But I don't think that, at least at this date, we have taken any action or made any decision that is inimical to our Nation's best interest and also to the interest of the hostages and their lives. Obviously, the paramount interest has to be what's best for our Nation and its security, but we are trying to honor that commitment without endangering the lives of the hostages. THE HOSTAGE SITUATION AND THE CAMPAIGN Q. In grappling with this crisis, have you ever come to the point, in your heart, where you thought you should devote all your time to it and not seek a second term of office? THE PRESIDENT. I don't see any incompatibility between the two. I have devoted an enormous amount of time to the hostage question. It never leaves my mind for any waking moment. It's a question and a problem that permeates the consciousness of our entire Nation. What we have tried to do is to act with moral decency, with restraint, with sensitivity about the revolutionary and chaotic nature of the situation in Iran, to protect our Nation's interest, to honor as best we could the sensitivities of other countries, and to protect the lives of the hostages. This is a very complicated question. At the same time, obviously, I have to deal with the normal matters that fall on the shoulders of a President here in the Oval Office, and in addition, I have been managing the campaign for reelection. But I have never let the Iranian question suffer because of unwarranted attention to a campaign effort. THE MODERATE FACTION IN IRAN Q. Have your decisions to break off diplomatic relations and to enforce sanctions been based on the belief that the moderates in Tehran can be written off? THE PRESIDENT. No. Some of the moderates in Tehran, I think, have made an honest effort to secure the transfer of the hostages from control of the terrorists and subsequently to achieve their release to freedom. Quite often we have been informed, on several occasions, that the Revolutionary Council has made a unanimous decision to make this transfer, that the transfer was approved by the militants in the compound, and we have been informed by the top Iranian officials that this action had the approval of Khomeini himself. Subsequent events have proven that this degree of unanimity which seems to be required under President Bani-Sadr's government has not been achieved. It has been a very frustrating experience, but we've not written off any element of possible support that might be available to make the crisis come to an end. 671 Apr. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN THE SOVIET INVASION Q. Coming to another subject, Mr. President, Afghanistan: You surely knew what was going to happen; you surely knew about the buildup. Why didn't you warn anyone, and by warning, maybe prevent it or have the Russians think twice about it? THE PRESIDENT. I didn't know what was going to happen.2 Q. You were not informed that there was buildup at the border with Afghanistan? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we obviously had extremely good intelligence about the placement of Soviet troops around the border of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. They had been there for a long timemonths, even years, some of them. We also knew about the increased Soviet presence in Iran [Afghanistan] of military personnel, in the nature of a few hundred. It was only Christmas Eve when a massive airlift began to move strong Soviet troops into the area around Kabul, and it was only a day or two later, as you know, when the Soviets had the leader of Iran [Afghanistan], President Amin, assassinated, along with some of the members of his family. This was the first time that the Soviets had used their own very powerful military forces for an invasion of a neighboring country since the Warsaw Pact itself was formed. It was an unprecedented action on their part, therefore, for the last quarter-century. I have tried since I've been in this 2 The President misunderstood the last part of this question. Beginning as early as October 1979, the United States did publicly and privately warn the Soviet Union against invading Afghanistan. [White House clarification.] office not only to strengthen the constant moral commitment of this Nation and to strengthen that commitment in the part of other nations-human rights, the preservation of democracy, the honoring of international borders, the effectuation of peace among disputing parties-but also to increase our military strength, in NATO and in other places in the world. I think we've been successful in that. What is required now, with this gross violation of the principles of detente and this gross violation of human decency and the principles of international law on the part of the Soviet Union, is a clear message to them, unified if possible, that they will not be permitted to continue this invasion with impunity, that the consequences of their invasion will be very severe for them. I had, in the most powerful nation on Earth, the options of acting economically or politically or militarily. We chose to exercise, along with many other nations, a political and economic route and to hold in reserve stronger action in the future, if necessary, to preserve peace in that troubled region. A hundred and four members of the United Nations joined in condemning the Soviet invasion, calling for their withdrawal. They have not withdrawn. As a matter of fact, within the last few days they have moved additional major military units into Afghanistan. They are in direct violation of international law, and they are also threatening the advantages of detente, now and in the future. To the extent that the Soviets are convinced not only that the United States is going to take economic action against them but other nations as well will take action against the Soviet Union-to that extent we believe that ultimately they will withdraw from Afghanistan. But they 672 Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980Ap.1 Apr. 13 have certainly shown no evidence at this stage of any inclination to withdraw their forces. They are steadily building up their forces instead. PRESENT INTERNATIONAL SITUATION Q. Mr. President, Chancellor Schmidt said yesterday that the comparison between the present international situation and the situation which led, after Sarajevo, to the First World War, is not totally wrong. Nobody wanted war; nobody was able to avoid it. What do you think of that? THE PRESIDENT. Chancellor Schmidt is a very wise statesman, and I think he's analyzed the situation accurately. To the extent that an unclear signal is sent to an aggressor nation, to the extent that a stepby-step increasing escalation of aggression is permitted by the rest of the world, the temptation comes for that aggression to reach proportions such that the vital interests of other countries are not only endangered but severely damaged. We've got a volatile situation in the Persian Gulf-Southwest Asian region under any circumstances. And for the Soviets to exercise their massive military power to completely subjugate another nation, to kill literally thousands of its people every week, to wipe out villages, is a clear signal to the rest of the world that they have no regard for the advantages of detente and that they are not willing to live in accordance with international law. And I believe that unless we let a clear signal go to the Soviet Union that we allies stand united in not only condemnation of this action but that we are going to take firm actions to show the Soviets that they will suffer because of it, that might lead to increasing encroachment by the Soviet Union against other countries. U. S. FOREIGN POLICY Q. Four years ago your campaign message was an act of faith. You were speaking of love and friendship between nations, and we were moved by this. But won't you be forced by the events of the eighties to speak in totally different terms? THE PRESIDENT. No, the terms are not totally different. It's the Soviet action which has violated moral principles and human decency and international law. It's the Iranian terrorist action which has violated moral decency and international law and human principles. We have combined a commitment to peace, a commitment to morality, the protection of human rights, the honoring of good relationships with all countries in every aspect of foreign policy that we pursue. This has been exhibited in our effort in the Middle East to bring about peace, to honor democratic principles and majority rule in Africa, the opening up of China to new friendship with our country, and in other areas around the world. At the same time, however, we have seen that it is necessary to have a strong and consistent strengthening of the military capability of the United States and our allies. Six to 10 years ago there was a feeling in even my own Democratic Party that NATO could be partially abandoned, that we could draw down at least half our troops or maybe, some advocated, all the troops and that we could let our military strength deteriorate. I have reversed that. And I think we've had extremely good response from the members of NATO who've now committed themselves to a long-term defense commitment, also made a decision on the theater nuclear force, which was difficult for some nations in Europe, who've committed themselves to build up the budget 673 Apr. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 allocation for defense purposes on a steady, moderate, but sustained basis. So, the relationship between strong moral commitments to human decency and human rights on the one hand and strong and adequate and predictable and sure and steady buildup in our military capability to match an enormous buildup in the Soviet Union are, I think, completely compatible one with another. SOVIET AGGRESSION AND DETENTE Q. Mr. President, after the invasion of Afghanistan, you said in a television interview then, and I quote: "My opinion of the Russians has changed more drastically in the past week than in the previous 3 years." Now, are you saying that you believe the Russians never themselves believed in detente? THE PRESIDENT. I think the Soviets would like to avoid any sort of major confrontation with powerful nations like ourselves, including all those represented here. The Soviets have shown a consistent inclination to extend its own influence, through violence, into other areas of the world. They've done this primarily through surrogates. In Vietnam now, they are encouraging the Vietnamese to invade and to subjugate and to destroy the fabric of the nation in Kampuchea. In Angola, through their surrogates, the Cubans, they have 30,000 to 40,000 troops there to prevent the full expression of free will by the Angolan people to choose their own government. In Ethiopia, as you know, there are several thousands of troops there by the Cubans, supported financially and otherwise by the Soviet Union. What happened in Afghanistan was, as I said earlier-this is the first time in more than a quarter of a century when the Soviets have used massive troops of their own to invade and to dominate a freedomloving, deeply religious, and independent nation. They now have more than 100,000 heavily armed troops devoted to the subjugation of Afghanistan. And this is a radical departure of the Soviet Union from their more recent policy as far as using military force is concerned. STATE OF EAST-WEST RELATIONS Q. But in suggesting that there can't be any normal East-West relations until they've now withdrawn from Afghanistan, aren't you in fact suggesting that we really have to return to a sort of semipermanent cold war? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I would hope that our clear commitment to avoiding any acceptance of the status quo while the Soviets are involved in the violation of international peace and international law would send a clear signal to the Soviet Union that the consequences of their action will be severely adverse to themselves. As you know, the leaders of some of your nations have made direct appeals to the Soviet Union to withdraw their troops and to establish a nonaligned or independent or neutral country or government in Afghanistan acceptable to the people of that country. We would support this effort. But the Soviets, contrary to the assurance given to me by Brezhnev and given to, I know, at least, President Giscard by Brezhnev, have not withdrawn their troops. In my judgment, they have no inclination to withdraw their troops at this time; they've shown no evidence of that. And only by the Soviets realizing, finally, that they cannot prevail in this unwarranted aggression will they be induced to restore the previous boundaries and to let Afghanistan have a peaceful 674 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 13 nation with a government of their own choosing. I would prefer that the government and the nation be nonaligned. There is another very important, tangible, and symbolic action that we must take without delay, and that is to make it clear to the world that we will not send our nation and our nation's flags to Moscow for the Summer Olympics while the Soviets are invading Afghanistan. This is a morally indecent act on their part, and I cannot imagine the democratic or freedom-loving nations adding an imprimatur of approval to the Soviets' invasion by sending teams to the Moscow Olympics. Our Olympic team will not go to Moscow, and my hope and expectation is that the other nations represented here will take similar action. ALLIED REACTIONS TO SOVIET ACTIONS Q. Getting back to the problem of detente, we are, of course, close allies, and there's no doubt about it. But we have different positions; we in Europe live close on the East-West border. And do you take into account the fact that America may live with a serious deterioration of East-West relations, but Europe, particularly Germany, is much more strongly affected. THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I am very clear in my knowledge of that difference. Each country has a different problem and a different need to have -an independent reaction to the threats that do present themselves to us all. We know very clearly that Germany is a divided nation with 16 or 17 million people living under communism, a totalitarian government imposed upon them. We recognize the vulnerability of Berlin. We recognize the importance of trade, exports in particular, to Germany, which are greater than our own dependence upon exports. I recognize all those things. But still, we feel that within the bounds of complete independence of a decision by each govenment to make, that a consistent approach must be made to the Soviet Union to let them know that we do want to have arms control, we do want to have the advantages of detente, but we are not going to accept armed aggression in a vital area of the world-where the interests of Europe are much more seriously threatened even than our own, because of a heavier dependence on exported oil from that region-and that further aggression will be severely met by a more consistent and a more forceful action. This is what we advocate. Exactly what action we have taken, at substantial sacrifice to us, we do not expect that to be exactly mirrored by action among other nations. Farmers are very similar to one another all over the world. I happen to be a farmer. We have taken action to eliminate 17 million tons of grain sales to the Soviet Union. This was a difficult decision for me to make, particularly in an election year. But I think the American farmers have decided, as demonstrated by votes in key agricultural States, that they are willing to make this sacrifice, a financial sacrifice, in order to let the signal go clearly to the Soviet Union. So, I believe that if we want to have peace, want to have future trade, want to have a perpetuation of the advantages of detente, if we want to have a consistent commitment to controlling weapons and to lessening tensions in the world, we have got to respond effectively and forcefully and, I believe, peacefully to Soviet aggression when it's so blatant and so immoral as is taking place at this very moment in Afghanistan. 675 Apr. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 1980 SUMMER OLYMPICS Q. Mr. President, coming back a moment to what you said a moment ago about the American team is not going to Moscow. Does this mean that you may apply those legal measures to prevent them to go, and will you expect the European countries to do the same? THE PRESIDENT. I have had indications from all of the European leaders represented by you distinguished news reporters that we share a common commitment not to add our voice of approval to Soviet aggression by going to the Moscow Olympics. The U.S. Olympic Committee has already made a public statement quite early this year-I think in February or March-that they would honor the decision made by me and an almost unanimous vote in the U.S. Congress in both Houses and also by overwhelming public opinion in this country that we should not attend the Moscow Olympics because of the invasion. I have no doubt that the U.S. Olympic Committee will make this decision. Q. But then you will enforce, legally, if some athlete will try to go on his own. As I understand, France and England have such a situation. THE PRESIDENT. Well, my understanding of Olympic rules and principles is that athletes are not recognized for competition in the Olympics representing themselves, that they must represent a nation. And therefore, a decision made by a nation's government or a nation's Olympic committee is a final decision, and individual athletes are not recognized as competitors in the Olympics. Q. Yes. Mr. President, public opinion in Europe is not so sure that boycotting the Olympic games will be an effective measure to challenge the Russian invasion of Afghanistan. Europe agrees with your ultimate aim in Afghanistan, but it doesn't necessarily agree with the means you suggest. It feels that going to the games and boycotting only the parade and all the ceremonial events will be more effective with the Russians. Wouldn't you agree? THE PRESIDENT. NO, I don't agree with that at all, but obviously each nation would have to make its own decision. We're not trying to force our will upon others, but we make our position clear. The Soviets have, obviously, a great interest in the propaganda benefits to be derived for itself by an expression of participation with them in the Olympics in Moscow. Their own official publications and handbooks say that the granting to Moscow of a right to have the summer Olympics is an endorsement, in effect, of the Soviet foreign policy and a recognition of the peaceful nature of the Soviet Government. I think for a country to go to Moscow to participate in the summer Olympic games, to raise its flag in the Olympic stadium when the host government is engaged at that moment in an unwarranted and inhumane invasion of a free and independent country is abhorrent to the moral principles on which democracy is founded. I feel very strongly about this subject, and I believe that the overwhelming number of American citizens do as well. The opinion of Europeans may or may not be different; I have no way to know that. But I know that it will be a very difficult problem for the Soviet Union to explain to the rest of the world and to explain to its own citizens why 20 or 30 or 40 or 50 or maybe 70 other nations refuse to participate. As a matter of fact, when the United Nations voted earlier this year to condemn the Soviet Union, I think 104 countries voted in this way. The Soviet 676 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 13 citizens never knew about the outcome of the United Nations condemnation. The Soviet Government is misleading its own people. My own judgment is that many Soviet citizens do object to invasion of other countries, do object to a direct threat to peace that might bring great adverse consequences to themselves. And I believe that this would be a very clear signal to the world and to the Soviet people that the Soviets have made a serious mistake in Afghanistan. I don't claim that not going to the Summer Olympics will be the single factor that would result in a withdrawal of their troops, but I believe that going to the Soviet Union is, in effect, an endorsement of the invasion and an endorsement of the violation of morality, human decency, and international law. Q. Mr. President, I wanted to get you right, there, on the numbers you think countries might not be going; you said 50 or 60 or 70. Is that just a hope on your part, or do you have some indication? Because I think if as many countries as that were to boycott, it would possibly effect arrangements in all countries. We have a problem in Britain, where we're split right down the middle. The Government supports your boycott totally, and the British teams want to go. Public opinion is not so sensitized as in America. Probably most of the public think they should go. But if you could bring some evidence that as many countries as that would stay away, I think it would have an effect. THE PRESIDENT. Well, the evidence is in the final action. I think I gave a broad range of countries who might join us. I think 20 or 30 nations have announced already that they would not go. Q. As many as that? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. And the question is: How many of the European countries will go to the Olympics, and how many are willing to announce their decision, hopefully, as early as possible? I know that the Olympic Committee in Great Britain has announced that they prefer to go, but that they would assess future developments before they make a final decision. My understanding is that one of those future developments that they would assess is the willingness of the Soviet troops to be withdrawn from Afghanistan. I have no expectation at all that prior to the deadline date for the acceptance or rejection of the Moscow Olympics invitation-I think the 24th of May-that Soviet troops will be withdrawn. The contrary is the evidence. They are increasing their military involvement in Afghanistan. And it may be that when your own Olympic Committee assesses this fact that they might reverse themselves and decide not to send a team. I have seen news reports that some of your superb athletes, whom I admire very much, have announced that they would like to go individually. I understand that the International Olympic Committee rules do not permit an athlete competing on his or her own, that it must be part of a national team. But we are seeing very shortly the evolution of commitments. We have private assurances from some other nations that they will join in the boycott of the Olympics, but I am not trying to speak for them. They can speak for themselves. Q. The Olympic question is just one example of diversity between the United States and Europe. You expect the Europeans to follow suit. Is it a surprise to you, Mr. President, that there is what you might call a lack of solidarity, if no proper and real consultation prior to your an 677 Apr. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 nouncement of the boycott has taken place? THE PRESIDENT. Well, let me correct the premise that seems to be the basis for your question. In the first place, there is no evidence that there are differences between us in whether we will or will not go to the Olympics. The U.S. Olympic Committee is going to decide very shortly, maybe today, that they will or will not go. Other Olympic committees will be deciding in the future. I don't think we'll have any clear evidence of either complete compatibility or incompatibility before May, when the final decisions are made. There is a sharp difference of opinion in my own country. The athletes themselves, many of them, do prefer to go to the Olympic games. I believe the U.S. Olympic Committee itself, the Congress, the American people, and myself do not believe that we should go to the Olympics. And my statement to you is that we will not go. On your other premise, we do not expect compliance with a decision made by us because we demand unanimity or demand some sort of action by other countries. Each country must make its own decision. We make our position very clear, and it's predicated not on what other nations might do, but on our own decision. If all of the nations go to the Moscow Olympics, we will still not go. But each country, including your own, must make that decision for itself. I think in action concerning Iran we have let our allies and our friends know very clearly what our position is. We've tried to keep them informed about action that we would take before it was taken. Sometimes it's not necessary or advisable to have complete consultation, because events change so rapidly that that's not possible, and sometimes we need to take unilateral action without complete consultation with anyone. But I would guess that in my own administration, in the last 3 years, we've had at least as good consultation as has ever been the case with our European allies, and particularly during a time of peace. DIVERSITY OF NATIONS Q. Mr. President, but just about that: You said that the allies have freedom of choice, and yet Thursday you were a little bit disappointed about the fact that the allies ask for protection, for leadership, and then they want to do whatever they want, which puzzles a little bit, with due respect, sir, our governments, about American foreign policy-some lack of communication, some mistakes, like the one Ambassador McHenry did at the United Nations. Now, don't you think that this makes all our governments think that such a government is accident prone, incident prone? THE PRESIDENT. I think every government makes mistakes. And I would guess that there have been decisions made by all of your countries and their governments that didn't get my immediate approval or the approval of the American Congress or the approval of the American people or the approval of the American media. We live in a pluralistic society, and each country is strong, forceful, independent, and also each country has a different perspective, depending upon its particular relationships with its neighbors and with other countries around the world. We expect that diversity. We're not the Warsaw Pact, where complete conformity is demanded and achieved within a group of nations. We recognize the necessity for diversity, and I think this diversity is very beneficial. For instance, Germany has taken the leadership in strengthening the economy 678 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.1 Apr. 13 of Turkey. We follow this leadership, with appreciation of the initiative that Germany has taken. The French have been extremely effective in some elements of development of democratic principles and the protection, for instance, of the integrity of Zaire. Great Britain has done an extraordinarily good job, in my opinion in bringing about majority rule in Rhodesia, soon to be Zimbabwe. We look to Italy to help us with the entire Mediterranean area and to give me advice on how we can better have a policy for the southern regions of NATO. So, each country is different. We have taken the leadership in the Mideast. Some of our decisions, some of our policies have been criticized within your own countries and also, I might say, within my own country. But we've made good progress: the present situation in the Mideast, with peace between Egypt and Israel, the two most powerful nations, the two nations aligned with the West, the two nations who are very strong, stabilizing factors there, and the present effort to move forward now with the preservation of Palestinian rights in the West Bank/ Gaza area, of full autonomy there, the realization of a solution to the refugee problem, the enhancement and protection of the security of Israel behind recognized borders-this effort is the only one that has a chance for success. And even those who have criticized our own effort, for instance, in this particular instance have not put forward any alternative proposal that might even get the attention or participation of the parties who are in dispute. Obviously this is sometimes a fumbling, sometimes a disappointing, sometimes a frustrating, sometimes a highly argumentative relationship; all of these efforts were. But we're making progress. And we recognize the independence and the autonomy and difference among our countries. But the common bind which holds us together, a belief in freedom, a belief in democracy, a belief in basic human morality, the preservation of human rights, a common, strong commitment to security-these kinds of things are much more important than any small differences that might exist among us as each nation tries to do the best it can to protect its own interests and to enhance those principles that I've just outlined to you. MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATIONS Q. But you yourself, Mr. President, wish to see the Camp David agreement fully implemented. Unfortunately we seem still very far away from that end. How do you intend to make Mr. Begin change his mind? THE PRESIDENT. We all change our minds. I think it would be a mistake for me at this point to predict what's going to happen in the future. I'll be meeting with Prime Minister Begin this next week; I met with President Sadat this week. If you would go back 2 years at the situation then and compare what has been accomplished during this period, it is indeed almost a miracle. Then no Arab nation would even speak to Israel nor recognize its right to exist nor negotiate with it. Now we have the most powerful Arab nation of all recognizing Israel as a country; ambassadorial exchanges have been made; the borders are open; trade is being enhanced and negotiating taking place on a daily basis. The commitment has been made by Prime Minister Begin himself to grant full autonomy to the Palestinians on the West Bank, to resolve the Palestinian question in all its aspects, to give the Palestinians 679 Apr. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 a voice in the determination of their own future. These are the kinds of things that were inconceivable 2 years ago. I know how difficult it was for Prime Minister Begin to agree, for instance, to withdraw from the Sinai and to commit himself to give up oil wells that were vital to Israel's security and also to agree that the Israeli settlers in the Sinai would be withdrawn in the next phase. The Egyptian-Israeli treaty has been honored meticulously by both sides. And I don't anticipate any ease of success in future negotiations between Israel, Egypt, and all her neighbors, but we're making the best effort we can. And there have been very good and very profound concessions made on both sides in an effort to achieve peace in this vital area of the world. ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS Q. Mr. President, with the settlement policy, particularly on the West Bank, your Government has told Israel that you oppose that, and yet they go on snubbing you, if you like, even humiliating the United States by keeping on the settlements, like even in Hebron and so on. Why don't you actually take a step like reducing aid to Israel by the amount that it costs for the settlements? THE PRESIDENT. We have a respect for Israel's independence and autonomy as a nation, just as we respect the independence and autonomyQ. But the West Bank is not an independent nation, is it? THE PRESIDENT. The decision made by Israel in their Government is worthy of respect as an independent nation, just as we respect the right of Great Britain to disagree with us, or other nations as well. Our position on the settlements is very clear. We do not think they are legal, and they are obviously an impediment to peace. The Israeli Government, however, feels that they have a right to those settlements. Under the Camp David accords, the Israelis have committed themselves to withdraw their military government and its civilian administration and then to redeploy military forces in selected security locations. When and if this is done, in my judgment, the basic question of the settlements will effectively be resolved. The Israelis will still maintain that Jewish citizens, Israeli citizens have a right to live wherever they choose. As you know, many Arabs live in Israel itself. But the ultimate status of the West Bank and Gaza is to be negotiated among Israel, the people who live in the region, the Jordanians, and the Egyptians. And this is what has been already prescribed in the Camp David agreement. There are obviously very strong differences of opinion between Israel and her neighbors, and between Israel and us on this particular instance, but we have to honor those differences and work as best we can to resolve those differences peacefully. U.S. MILITARY STRENGTH AND THE DRAFT Q. Mr. President, can America regain credibility militarily without reintroducing the draft system? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, of course. I don't think, again, the premise of your question is well founded. We have no absence of credibility militarily. Our Nation is the strongest nation on Earth militarily. We have been concerned for the last 15 years by the extraordinary buildup in Soviet military strength. Year by year they have had a substantial real addition in commitment in their budget to their 680 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 13 military forces. In the last 3 years, beginning in 1977, we have joined with our allies, including your country, in building up the strength of our own nations to match that extraordinary additional threat from the Soviet Union. We are, at the same time, pursuing an effort to control weapons, including nuclear weapons. The SS-20, which is a severe threat to all the nations represented here except our own-it can't reach us yet-is to be matched now, finally, by an increase in theater nuclear force commitments. We consider this a very strong step forward. We are maintaining an adequate military force without a draft. I see no reason to have a draft. We will commence registration this year in order to prepare for some eventuality in the future that might bring about a military crisis calling for a dral't, but whether we have a draft or not is not important issue at all as far as the overall strength of our country is concerned. ECONOMIC SUMMIT IN VENICE Q. Mr. President, changing the subject-in the context of your slight dissatisfaction about the behavior of the allies, how do you consider the possibility of success to our many economical problems at the forthcoming economic summit in Venice at the end of June? THE PRESIDENT. Well, we all share the same basic problems: an extraordinary threat to our own security because we are so heavily dependent on imported oil; an almost unprecedented level of inflation, certainly within this generation; the threat that as we control inflation in the future effectively that the unemployment rate will go up in our nations; the need to avoid protectionist steps in international trade; the proper treatment of the less developed countries, who are often dependent on a single commodity and haven't let the advantages of a technological world be extended to them. These kinds of problems are common among us, and it's extremely beneficial to me-I'm sure it's beneficial to the other participants in the economic summitsto share these problems with one another. In Venice, I think we'll have another opportunity to discuss these problems. I think we've made very good progress in the other three summits with which I have been involved, and I have no doubt that the beautiful setting in Venice and the hospitality of the Italian people and the common realization of our purposes and challenges and opportunities will make this next summit conference also effective. MIDDLE EAST NEGOTIATIONS Q. Mr. President, you refer to the French action in Africa. What about the Middle East? President Giscard d'Estaing has made a statement, and it looks like the European countries agree with his conclusions. According to your opinion, is that policy helping or damaging your own policy in that situation? THE PRESIDENT. I don't agree with the statements made by President Giscard d'Estaing, but I certainly recognize his right to make them. And I'm not sure that all of the European countries agree completely with what he has said. In my opinion, the best opportunity for the realization of our hopes, which are common among all of us, in the Mideast, surrounding Israel, rests in the further progress to be envisioned under the Camp David accords. It is a basis for an adequate peace settlement for Israel and all her neighbors. I don't believe that President 681 Apr. 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Giscard d'Estaing has put forward an alternative negotiating process, that would be acceptable by the parties in dispute, that might replace the Camp David accords. The Palestinians have legitimate rights, which we are trying to honor. They have a right to a voice in the determination of their own future. These two statements, among others, have been recognized by not only ourselves and the Egyptians but also by the Israeli leaders, including Prime Minister Begin. So, I believe that it would be better for the European countries to give us a chance to continue the Camp David process unless there is a clear vision or delineation of a preferable alternative, and I see no prospects of this being put forward. Some have moved toward a recognition of the PLO. We have no intention of recognizing the PLO nor of negotiating with the PLO until they first acknowledge the effectiveness and authenticity of the United Nations Resolution 242 and also recognize Israel's right to exist. This is a clear policy of ours which will be honored. But we are as determined as others to see the refugee question resolved, full autonomy established in the West Bank/ Gaza, a secure Israel, recognized borders, and peace. Q. Thank you very much, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. It's been a pleasure. NOTE: The interview began at 9:11 a.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. Participating were Fred Emery of the British Broadcasting Corp., Winifred Scharlau of North German Television (ARD), Andre Celarie of French Television's Antenna 1, and Antonello Mareschalchi of the Italian RAI-TV. The transcript of the interview was released on April 13. Cuban Refugees in the Peruvian Embassy in Havana White House Statement. April 14, 1980 The President remains deeply concerned for the safety and freedom of the 10,800 Cubans who are seeking asylum in the Peruvian Embassy in Havana. In the last year and a half, the Cuban regime has released over 3,900 political prisoners, and President Carter has implemented a program which permitted these prisoners and their families to come to the United States. This program will bring a total of more than 10,000 Cubans to the United States. In dealing with the immediate problem in Havana, the United States fully supports the efforts of the five countries of the Andean Pact to bring about a quick, humanitarian solution. The problem of Cuban refugees is one for all the Americas as well as the world. The President is encouraged by the efforts of several Latin American and European nations to give tangible help to the victims in the crisis. The decision made by Costa Rica to serve as a staging area for the refugees to assure a rapid evacuation is an important one, and we welcome it. As a contribution to this international effort, under the authority of the Refugee Act of 1980 and after consultations with the Congress, the President has decided to admit from one-quarter to one-third, or up to 3,500, of the Cubans who have sought asylum in the Peruvian Embassy. These people will be admitted according to the requirements of the act. The United States, moreover, calls on other nations in the region and elsewhere to make their own contributions without 682 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 14 delay. This humanitarian crisis requires an immediate international response. The world also looks to Cuba to assure humanitarian conditions for the refugees pending their evacuation and to cooperate with Peru and international organizations to facilitate the prompt, safe, and peaceful exit of the Cubans from the Embassy. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the statement to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. United States Tax Court Nomination of Three judges. April 14, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate three judges of the U.S. Tax Court for reappointment for 15-year terms. They are: C. Moxley Featherston, who has been a judge of the U.S. Tax Court since 1967. Featherston, 65, was designated Chief Judge of this court by his fellow judges in 1977 and redesignated in 1979. He was with the Tax Division of the Justice Department for 20 years, including service as a trial attorney, Chief of the Review Section, and Assistant for Civil Trials. William M. Fay, who has been on this court since 1961. Fay, 64, was with the Internal Revenue Service for 13 years and served as Assistant Regional Counsel of the IRS before his appointment to the Tax Court. Charles R. Simpson, who has served on this court since 1965. Simpson, 58, was with the Internal Revenue Service Chief Counsel's Office from 1952 to 1965 and served as Director of that office from 1964 to 1965. National Farm Safety Week, 1980 Proclamation 4749. April 14, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Every year hundreds of thousands of farm and ranch residents suffer unnecessary injury, and sometimes disability and death, from accidents on the farm. The annual cost of these accidents totals several billion dollars. But statistics do not reveal the depth of personal loss and grief experienced by the injured and their families. Though progress has been made in many areas of farm accident control, more can be done. Safety leaders have demonstrated that accidents and injuries can be effectively reduced by greater caution in work habits, by consistent use of protective equipment, and by careful planning for emergencies. A safer agricultural environment will be more productive and better able to meet the tremendous food and fiber needs of our people in the decade ahead. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate the seven-day period beginning July 25, 1980, as National Farm Safety Week. I urge the Nation's farmers and ranchers to adopt safe and sensible work practices and to remove unnecessary home and workplace hazards. Further, I call upon those who serve agricultural producers to become full partners in farm and community safety efforts. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independ 683 Apr. 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 8:46 a.m., April 15, 1980] Emergency Board To Investigate a Railway Labor Dispute Appointment of the Membership. April 14, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of the three members of Presidential Emergency Board 193 to investigate and make recommendations for settlement of a current dispute between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp. (PATH) and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of the United States and Canada. The members are: Arthur Stark, of New York City, who will serve as Chairman. Stark is an arbitrator who has served on other Presidential emergency boards. He is a former executive director of the New York State Board of Mediation and has served as president of the National Academy of Arbitrators. Thomas G. S. Christensen, of New York City. He is a professor of law at New York University and has served on Presidential emergency boards in the past. Clara H. Friedman, of New York City. Friedman is an arbitrator who serves on the permanent panel for New York State and Civil Service Employees Association and New York State and American Federation of State, County, and Municipal employees. She is a former project director for the New York City Rand Institute. The Board will report its findings and recommendations for settlement to the President within 30 days from the date of the Executive order, which was issued April 12, 1980. The parties must then consider the recommendations of the Emergency Board and endeavor to resolve their differences without engaging in selfhelp during a subsequent 30-day period. Consultations on the Admission of Refugees Executive Order 12208. April 15, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the Refugee Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-212; 8 U.S.C. 1101 note), the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.), and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. Exclusive of the functions otherwise delegated, or reserved to the President, by this Order, there are hereby delegated the following functions: (a) To the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, or either of them, the functions of initiating and carrying out apropriate consultations with members of the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and of the House of Representatives for purposes of Sections 101 (a) (42) (B) and 207(a), (b), (d), and (e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1101(a) (42) (B) and 1157(a), (b), (d), and (e)). (b) To the United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, the functions of reporting and carrying on periodic discussions under sections 207(d) (1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. 1-102. (a) The functions vested in the 684 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 15 United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs by Section 1-101 (b) of this Order shall be carried out in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. (b) The United States Coordinator shall notify the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and of the House of Representatives that the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, or either of them, wish to consult for the purposes of Section 207 (a), (b), or (d) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. The United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs shall, in accord with his responsibilities under Section 301 of the Refugee Act of 1980 (8 U.S.C. 1525), prepare for those Committees the information required by 207 (e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. 1-103. There are reserved to the President the following functions under the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended: (a) To specify special circumstances for purposes of qualifying persons as refugees under Section 101 (a) (42) (B). (b) To make determinations under Sections 207(a) (1), 207(a) (2), 207(a) (3) and 207(b). (c) To fix the number of refugees to be admitted under Section 207 (b). 1-104. Except to the extent inconsistent with this Order, all actions previously taken pursuant to any function delegated or assigned by this Order shall be deemed to have been taken and authorized by this Order. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 15, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12: 10 p.m., April 15, 1980] Continuation of Emergency Building Temperature Restrictions Proclamation 4750. April 15, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation I find that continued implementation of the Emergency Building Temperature Restrictions, Energy Conservation Contingency Plan No. 2, is required in the national interest. This Plan was transmitted by me to the Congress on March 1, 1979, and approved by resolution of each House of Congress in the manner provided by law. This Conservation Plan was implemented by me nine months ago because it was clear in view of unstable world production of crude oil that we could not rely on imports to meet our normal demand. Worldwide production of crude oil now is at levels even below those of the comparable period last year. We have had to terminate crude oil imports from Iran, and have experienced increased uncertainty about the level of continued crude oil supplies from other producing countries. Because of the actions of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and the tensions between Iraq and Iran, the threat to the stability of commerce in the countries of the oil-producing Persian Gulf has increased. This shortage of reliable supply has resulted in continued high U.S. dependence on insecure crude oil imports, which have experienced rapid price increases, substantially increasing our inflation rate and creating a major adverse impact on the national economy. These effects are likely to be of significant scope and duration, 685 Apr. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and may be exacerbated by additional shortages which, should they occur, are likely to be of an emergency nature resulting from interruption of the supply of foreign petroleum. The risk to the Nation from this reliance on insecure oil imports has not diminished since the Plan was implemented nine months ago. Under applicable law the finding that a shortage of energy supply requires implementation of the Plan must be considered anew nine months after it was made. I therefore renew the finding and determination contained in Proclamation No. 4667 of July 10, 1979 under sections 201 (b) and 3(8) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6261 (b), 6202 (8) ). Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including section 201 (b) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6261 (b) ), do hereby proclaim that: Sec. 1-101. The finding and determination under sections 3(8) and 201(b) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6202 (8), 6261 (b) ) contained in Proclamation No. 4667 of July 10, 1979 are hereby renewed. Sec. 1-102. This Proclamation shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress. Sec. 1-103. The provisions of the Emergency Building Temperature Restrictions, Energy Conservation Contingency Plan No. 2 (44 FR 12911 of March 8, 1979) and the regulations thereunder, or any amendments thereto, shall continue in effect until January 16, 1981, unless earlier rescinded. Sec. 1-104. In accordance with the provisions of this Plan and the regulations thereunder, the Secretary of Energy is hereby authorized to continue the ad ministration of the program in all respects. In WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:26 a.m., April 16, 1980] Visit of Prime Minister Menahem Begin of Israel Toasts at the Dinner Honoring the Prime Minister. April 15, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. If I could have your attention for a minute, I'd like, first of all, to welcome all of you to the White House. We're extremely delighted to have our guests from Israel come here to see us again, particularly Prime Minister Begin and his lovely wife. Mr. Prime Minister, as you may know, this is an election year in the United States. I don't know if the word has gotten to Israel yet. [Laughter] But I have noticed that when Prime Minister Begin and I agree, we both prosper, not only in public acclaim but also politically; when we don't quite agree, neither one of us benefits substantially. [Laughter] Lately, for instance, my own policies have caused him some trouble, as you may have noticed a month or so ago, on the West Bank of the Jordan. And I might say that our disagreement also caused me some trouble on the east bank of the Hudson River. [Laughter] When Prime Minister Begin comes in to the White House, it's an experience not only of a personal pleasure but also with the realization of the making of history. 686 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. I15 There are a few people in this world who, because of personal courage and integrity and deep commitment and sensitivity to others and tenacity, are able to change the course of human events. And obviously, our visitor tonight, Prime Minister Begin, is one of those men. This is an historic house, and the friendship that binds our two countries together and the tremendous achievements of this great statesman, I think, make a good confluence of both pleasure and history. Monday will be the 32d birthday of the nation of Israel. I can't be in Israel. I wish I could. I am sending, Mr. Prime Minister, my mother to represent me on that delightful occasion. As you know, 2 years ago we were together on the South Lawn of the White House to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the founding of the State of Israel. On that occasion, I thought that it would be good for our Nation to commemorate with the large group of American Jewish citizens and all of us, the 220 million of us, the terrible historic lesson that we learned from the Holocaust. Since then, the committee has been to Israel and to some of the devastating locations in Europe to assess how our own Nation might commemorate this historic and blighting event in the passage of human life and through human history. We've now appointed the Holocaust commission to establish a proper memorial in our country, and outgrowth directly of the 30th anniversary event on the South Lawn of our White House. I think it's obvious that when Prime Minister Begin was elected Prime Minister, and obviously for the 25 or 30 years prior to that, many people said it is impossible to bring peace to Israel, and particularly between her and her most powerful Arab neighbors. Prime Minister Begin proved those people to be wrong. It's been less than 2%2 years-its hard to believe since the historic meeting between Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat in Jerusalem, an act that literally shook the world and inspired all human beings to believe that peace was indeed possible, even among the most historic and bitter of enemies. It was less than a year following that when Prime Minister Begin met with President Sadat at Camp David and came forward with an agreement, the Camp David accords, that was announced here in the White House one Sunday afternoon. This agreement is now the basis for our current search for a comprehensive peace in the Middle East. It's founded on the principles espoused in U.N. Resolution 242. It calls for an honoring of the sovereignty and the territorial integrity and the political independence not only of Israel but of all nations in the Middle East. It's committed to the proposition that each nation there, with a special emphasis on Israel, has a right to live in peace behind recognized and secure borders. This accord or agreement, signed with our word of honor and with our Nation's honor, calls for the establishment of a self-governing authority among the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza area. It calls for Israel, after the establishment or inauguration of this selfgoverning authority, to withdraw their military government, the civilian administration, and then calls for a withdrawal of Israeli armed forces and a redeployment of them to specified security locations. It calls for a strong police force among the people who live on the West Bank and Gaza area, with proper liaison to be established with the adjacent police forces 687 Apr. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 in Israel, Jordan, and Egypt. It calls for a preeminent recognition of the need for all of us to guarantee the security of Israel and her neighbors. It calls for the recognition of the legitimate rights of the Palestinians. It calls for the Palestinians' right to participate in the determination of their own future. It calls for us to resolve the Palestinian question in all its aspects. And it calls on us to resolve the refugee problem. This combination, which was carefully hammered out between Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat at Camp David, is still the binding document under which we are presently engaged in further pursuit of peace. It's almost impossible, again, to believe that 13 months ago Israel and Egypt were in a state of war, a state that had continued over a period of 30 years. And last year, at this same place, the White House of the United States of America, that peace treaty was signed. It has been observed meticulously. And I might add my voice to President Sadat's in saying that Israel has honored the difficult terms of this treaty with truthfulness and with honor and, I might add, with generosity. Its terms were very strict, but those terms have been met not grudgingly at the last minute, but.ahead of time, and with an extra expression of a common commitment to peace. Israel has already withdrawn from more than two-thirds of the Sinai, and in a time when oil is particularly precious, has relinquished oil wells that were on acknowledged Egyptian territory but were developed by, discovered by Israel. We have guaranteed Israel to meet their needs for oil in the future if their supply should be interrupted and, of course, our country will carry out this commitment meticulously as well. Now there's full diplomatic relations, recognition of each other, an exchange of ambassadors, open borders. Tourism is building day by day betwen these two ancient enemies who are now friends. This is an exciting time, and we have made a lot of progress. Now we are moving to the next step —how to carry out those detailed, complicated, very carefully negotiated agreements at Camp David; how to define the self-governing authority; how to set up the procedure for the elections. They are difficult issues; we acknowledge them to be so. Last week, President Sadat was here with me. We discussed those difficult issues. Today, with Prime Minister Begin, we've discussed them as well. As we walked toward Prime Minister Begin's car at noon today, we both acknowledged-I started to say admitted-we both acknowledged that we've had even more difficult times in the past. But when he and I and President Sadat have set our mind to overcoming an obstacle or answering a difficult question, so far-and I knock on wood-we have never failed. It would be a tragedy, having come this far, to fail. As I said earlier, Prime Minister Begin represents those characteristics that can ensure success, and those characteristics are shared by his heroic partner in this effort, President Sadatcourage, sensitivity, tenacity. And I think that this will bode well for the world in the future. I might say in closing that our Nation also has a special relationship with Israel, a relationship built on mutual respect and admiration, a shared past and a shared future, a realization that one of the most vital aspects of the security of the United States of America is a strong, free, independent, peaceful, and secure Israel. We have made commitments in the past to Israel that are vital to them. We have committed ourselves never to negotiate with nor recognize the PLO until after 688 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 15 the PLO has acknowledged U.N. Resolution 242 as a basis for peace and also recognized Israel's right to exist. We have expressed ourselves strongly and forcefully and consistently as being opposed to the establishment of any independent Palestinian state in the West Bank area, and we believe very stronglyand I'm sure Prime Minister Begin shares this belief-that Jerusalem should be undivided and that all should have access to the worship places there. I might close by saying that we believe that together we can continue to achieve a just and a lasting peace for all in the Middle East and, a little more than a year ago, when we signed the historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, Prime Minister Begin said, and I'd like to quote his words in closing: "Peace unto you, shalom, salaam, forever." I'd like to ask all of you to rise and join me in a toast: To the brave and free people of Israel in one of the world's great nations, and to a courageous and enlightened, farsighted and successful leader of those free people, Prime Minister Begin, and his lovely wife. THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President, Mrs. Vance, your excellencies, ladies and gentlemen: The President just said that when we agree, we both prosper. Therefore, I would like to say immediately that I agree with the President that Jerusalem should remain undivided. [Laughter] Ladies and gentlemen, this is a unique week in our life. It started with Remembrance Day of the greatest tragedy that ever took place in the annals of mankind since God created man, and man let loose the Devil. And it will end with the greatest victory a persecuted, ancient people achieved through the sacrifices of its best men during the rule of our independence in the land of our forefathers. We use the word "Holocaust." What does it mean? Nothing more than a word, but the wound will not be healed for generations, many generations to come. We lost 1 million and half a million of our children. We lost our sages, our professors, our doctors, our rabbis, our brains, our hearts, our beloved ones. Such is the wound in our hearts, and there it will be to the last day of our lives. But there is the command to live, the divine command to overcome, to continue, to struggle for a just cause until it wins the day. And therefore, after the tragedy we struggled, we gave sacrifices, and with God's help, we won the day and a country of our own and means to defend our people. During this memorable week, I look around and see the world in turmoil and liberty in danger. In Iran, the most reactionary revolution that ever happened in the history of mankind took place. Customs and laws which were sacrosanct for ages, not only in time of peace but even during war, are being trampled underfoot with incomprehensible dark fanaticism and absolutely intolerable blind hatred. There are the hostages there, for the last 5 months. Perhaps I can say that no other nation in the world understands the American people these days better than our nation does. Nobody can understand as we do what it means to see our sons and citizens kept hostage, threatened with their lives, getting ultimata which we cannot fulfill, and look upon the families who spend sleepless nights and restless days thinking of their dear ones, longing for them-loving wives and mothers. We feel deeply for the President, who is so preoccupied with this human and hu 689 Apr. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 manitarian question, and for all the American people. As I spent a certain period of my life in Russia-not, as the previous Soviet Ambassador in our country before they severed diplomatic relations with us told me, "not in too good conditions"[laughter] -some people ask me, "In your opinion, you know the Russians, what would they have done?" I gave an unequivocal answer: The very same day, they would have marched on Tehran, and they wouldn't have given a damn for the hostages. They would have conquered Tehran. The Khomeini army is a mob. It's no match for any army, not for the Soviet army. But this is the difference: The American people tries every avenue, accepts patience and pain, just to make sure that the hostages come back home alive and well. We have had such experiences-how many, how many. Our children were taken hostages, not only our men. And just 10 days before I came to this great country, five of our children were taken hostage and threatened with death, and one boy, 2 /2 years old-I saw the little coffin that I will never forget-got killed. Four other children-1 year, 2 years old-babies-were saved by our soldiers. In the spirit of self-sacrifice which our army has got in itself, with their blood, 11 boys-1 1 soldiers-were wounded, several of them severely. One of them got killed. Four children were saved, although wounded. Wounded children, hostages. This is the first reason why we are so grateful to the President that he found time to invite President Sadat and me and my colleagues, and to deal with our problems of the Middle East and the bilateral relations we have, although his mind is with the hostages and their families, as the mind of all the American people is. At such a juncture, to find time for such talks is a measure of devotion and of moral greatness. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in one of the most dangerous and serious moves after the Second World War. Some people compare it with the invasion into Czechoslovakia in August 1968. It's not a true comparison. It is a fact that Czechoslovakia went through a horrible tragedy. The Czechs and the Slovaks started to breathe some freedom under the man, who is already forgotten, Dubcek, and that beginning of liberty was crushed by the tanks of the Warsaw Pact countries. But still, Czechosolvakia was in the Soviet orbit, and then the famous-or infamous Brezhnev doctrine was created, which even Yugoslavia and Rumaniatwo Communist countries-did not recognize; no country in the world ever recognized. Afghanistan never was in the orbit. It is a neighbor of the Soviet Union, of the so-called socialist countries. It was invaded. It's an ancient people, a fighting people. They do fight the huge Soviet army of more than 100,000 soldiers; they resist, as any proud people should, an invader. But to the world, there is a grave danger every day. Through Baluchistan, the Soviet army can reach the Indian Ocean in no time, and there is no real force to stop them there. Iran may become a Communist country any time. We know the tactics. There is the Tudeh party, the most servile to Moscow except the French Communist party well organized, the only really organized group in Tehran. And they, the Communists, support Khomeini with his fanaticism because, since the days of Lenin, the Communists developed a theory which is called a revolutionary situation. It means strikes, disorders, fights in the street, demonstrations, and in this atmosphere-they used to say power lies on the 690 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 15 street; bow and take it. Then they take it. And with the long border between Iran and the Soviet Union-1,500 miles-who can stop it if such a thing happens? And it may happen any time, any day. Therefore, we live in a dangerous period. But there is one solace: Free nations can, if they wish to, stand together. Mr. President, the great people of the United States have got many allies throughout the world, but I would say, looking out of experience into this world, that there are two categories of American allies: the first are allies, and the second are reluctant allies. May I tell you that Israel belongs to the first category. Mr. President, we are a small nation, but may I have the chutzpah to say[laughter]-a courageous nation. No, no, no-not me, the nation is courageous. It is conceived in courage and born in fight and reborn in resistance to tyranny, to oppression. And we are your ally. In good and in bad days, we stand by you and stand with you, and we shall always be together and defend liberty so that tyranny never wins its night. Under these circumstances, may I ask the following question: Should Israel be weakened or should it be strengthened? I know your attitude towards the socalled Palestinian state ruled by the PLO. That organization is bent on the destruction of Israel. They will not destroy Israel. How can they? They never will. But they are bent on it. They wrote about this destruction brazenly. They never changed it, not one word. But even a corridor leading to such a Palestinian state would be a mortal danger to us. No peace. Peace is lost and permanent bloodshed, more even than in Lebanon, much more. And therefore, we must be very careful, very careful. There are some who say, especially in Europe, that now, after the Soviet in vasion into Afghanistan-and as there is oil in the Earth beneath the surface of the sheikdoms, which only the free West could have taken out because otherwise it would still be beneath the surfacesome people say that now we must find favor with the Islamic world, with the Arab world, even at the expense of Israel. They say so, cynically. This is called expediency. And with our experience of our generation in the thirties in Europe, we do know now that expediency is not a realistic policy; to the contrary, it takes revenge on those who sacrifice ideals for the sake of expediency. At Israel's expense, at the expense of our security, of the lives of our children-I believe that the United States will never, under no circumstances, adopt such a policy. And as we are your ally, the United States is our ally, and we will always stand together. Israel shouldn't be weakened. Israel fulfilled a very serious role, I say so without boasting, with every government it had, under all governments in the Middle East, to stop Soviet expansionism indirectly and directly. I remember when there was a threat of Syrian invasion into Jordan with Soviet help. We were askedit is now disclosed in two books written by two Americans-to bring about the putting to an end of that danger, and we put it to an end. And there is another example, which I prefer not to mention tonight. We really fulfilled the role, and we can do so in the future. May I also say with humble pride, the army of Israel is not the worst in the world. So, Israel should be strengthened, for Israel's sake-it deserves, we suffered so much, we lost so many-but also for the sake of the free world-should be strengthened, mustn't be weakened under any circumstances. 691 Apr. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 This is the reason why we did so much for peace. Yes, last year and a month ago we signed the peace treaty. Now I think I will ask a rhetorical question. Nobody is going to answer it, but I will put it, and I, myself, will reply to it. Who is the architect of the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel? And the answer is, the President of the United States, Mr. Jimmy Carter. It was the turning point in the annals of the Middle East. Let us imagine a state of war for 31 years-five wars, five meetings on the battlefield. The Secretary of State, who is here, will remember how moving was that human scene which we shall never forget, when wounded soldiers of Egypt and Israel met at El-Arish, together with the President of Egypt and me and the Secretary. And the invalids who bodily suffered in the wars embraced each other, shook hands, and said to each other, as the President of Egypt and I said to each other, "No more war. We shall never again raise arms against each other." Could there be more beautiful words than those simple words? "No more war. We shall not raise arms against each other." We also gave proof to the oldest of philosophical teasers: that every war is avoidable. What is absolutely inevitable is peace. Peace must come. We gave sacrifice for it. The President already mentioned it, therefore, I will not repeat-that oil well, that our oil fields, with the help of an American company, but with the toil of our men-how much toil did we invest in it? Now we get the oil, that quantity, but how much do we have to pay for it? You better don't ask. [Laughter] And every month, the prices go up. But you should also remember this: Out of that money we all pay-and every several months, more and more-there goes a million dollars per day for a terrorist organization with a Nazi philosophy, called PLO. And all of us share in that million unwillingly, but in fact. And for 9 months, the whole burden of fulfillment of the peace treaty commitments was on our shoulders. We did it. We fulfilled it. To the date, to the day, to the dot. Now there is a mutual commitment of normalization of relations. Again, both sides do it honorably. Now, there is the question. May I, Mr. President, quote you and, through this quotation, requote myself. There is the question of the full autonomy for the inhabitants of Judea-Samaria, in my language, the proper language-[laughter]and the Gaza District. And we want to keep what we promised-what we wrote and what we signed-full autonomy for our neighbors. We'll deliver them in peace and in human dignity and in justice and in liberty. We don't want to oppress them. We don't want to oppress anybody. You should know that in the Bible, scores of times it is written, love a stranger, don't do any wrong to a stranger, because you were strangers in Egyptnot in Egypt of President Sadat, another Egypt-much older one. But this is written in the Bible. We don't want to do any wrong to anybody. We never want to do any wrong. We just came to the land of our forefathers. And therefore, we want to grant, to give them, to ensure them this full autonomy. And we shall do so. There are difficulties conducting negotiations. My dear friend, Dr. Burg, the Minister of Interior, who is here, is the head of the negotiating team-all of you know him now; he's a wonderful man, mighty sense of humor, which we need very badly sometimes, a sage-and they achieve much, not enough yet. We now face difficult issues. But we 692 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 15 shall solve them. We want to have it solved by the 26th of May, as we promised each other as a goal, not as a deadline. We believe in lifelines, not in deadlines. So, we shall do our best. Before I came here, there were rumors in the American press and also in the Israeli press, Mr. President, that pressure is going to be exerted on me and my colleagues. And God knows what is going to happen in the Cabinet Room when we meet. As we already met, and we talked for hours on end, I can attest that nothing happened in the Cabinet Room, and no pressure was exerted and no confrontation took place. And the Cabinet Room, as it became a familiar place to me[laughter]-was the same Cabinet Room in which all of us felt friendship for each other, understanding for each other. And together we looked for solutions and for formulations, and all the brains worked. And on both sides sat some brainy people who did their best and who will do so in the future. So, there is hope that we may meet the date. If we don't, the sky is not on our heads; we shall continue negotiating until we reach the agreement which is necessary. We want it with all our heart, and we shall honor it as we do honor the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty and all its commitments. The people of Israel will next week celebrate, as the President said, the day of independence, when glory came back to our ancient people, when we got our parliament, our government, our army-all the attributes of sovereignty in the land of our forefathers. From generation to generation, this day will be always a great holiday in our hearts, amongst our people. But during the holiday, we shall also always remember our friends-remember you, Mr. President, and all of you dear friends, leaders and representatives of the great American people. We shall stand together, and together we shall labor for liberty, so that it will win the day and triumph in the world. I raise my glass to the great American people, which is the guarantee to the success of liberty throughout the world; to the President of the United States, my dear friend, who contributed so much to peace in the Middle East between Egypt and Israel and, in the future, between other neighbors and Israel. I say to all of you, as it is our tradition, Lechayim. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:12 p.m. in the State Dining Room at the White House. Trucking Industry Deregulation Legislation Statement on Senate Approval of the Legislation. April 15, 1980 The Senate has passed a landmark trucking regulatory reform bill. For 40 years, complex, detailed Federal regulations have tied up the trucking industry, stifling competition and raising prices. This bill will cut away most of those rules. It will increase competition, conserve energy, improve service to small communities, and eliminate arbitrary and inefficient restrictions on the routes truckers can drive and the goods they can carry. By voting to retain the provision fully deregulating processed food, the Senate took an immediate step to hold down food prices. The Congress has already passed farreaching deregulation laws covering airlines and banking. Reform legislation covering railroads, communications, paperwork reduction, and the regulatory process is moving forward. This is the 693 Apr. 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980 broadest regulatory reform program in history, and the trucking bill is a vital element. The Congressional Budget Office recently estimated that this bill will save $5 billion to $8 billion per year-an average of $70 to $100 for every household in America. It will cut almost one-half a point off the Consumer Price Index by 1985. We need those savings, and I urge the House to act promptly on this legislation. I congratulate Senators Cannon and Packwood and their colleagues on this achievement. Visit of Prime Minister Begin of Israel Remarks to Reporters Following a Meeting. A pril 16, 1980 ITHE PRESIDENT. Good morning, everybody. First of all, I would like to say that it's been a delight to have Prime Minister Begin and his team from Israel here to discuss matters of common interest between our two countries, and particularly to emphasize the issues that are being resolved to carry out all the terms of the Camp David accords. Following my meeting last week with President Sadat, those issues were identified, and the possible differences were also delineated. I can say that this has been a very constructive and a very productive talk between myself and Prime Minister Begin. We believe that we will now have a concerted effort during this next 40 days to conclude the agreement between Israel and Egypt, with our full participation,5 by May the 26th. That is our goal. And the meetings will be held, at Prime Minister Begin's suggestion and with the approval of President Sadat, in Egypt and in Israel with, as I say, full participation by the United States. So, we are delighted at the progress that has been made. We have a long way to go before final agreement. Our goal is to conclude it by May the 26th, and I think we have made good progress toward that goal. I'd like to introduce now my good friend and a distinguished visitor, one that we honor in every way, Prime Minister Begin, representing the great nation of Israel. THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you, Mr. President. I wish to express my thanks to the President for his invitation and for the time we spent together, either privately or with our colleagues and advisers in the Cabinet Room and held very serious talks. Usually in our time, when you say that the talks were conducted in friendship and frankness, people immediately say, "Oh, that proves that there were great differences of opinion between them." Therefore, I will not say those words. I will state very simply-and it is absolutely truthful we had very good talks, thanks to the atmosphere created by the President, in the Cabinet Room,. and we also held private talks, the President and myself. I think we made real progress. And all of us concerned will do their utmost to bring about an agreement which will make possible to install the full autonomy for the Palestinian Arabs, inhabitants of Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza District, and assure Israel's security, as all of us are interested in. And therefore, we'll make a special effort in Egypt and in Israel, dividing the 40 days left until that date into two. And we shall negotiate not only intensively but daily, almost every hour, with very short intervals, and so there is a hope, indeed, that we may reach that goal. Of course, we are all 694 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 16 human and, perhaps, if there is a necessity to continue for a while, we of course will do so gladly. And therefore, I leave now Washington, again in a spirit of faith, and I want to again reiterate our deep friendship for the American people, the United States, for the role they play in the world. I want to express my wish that very soon the hostages come back home from Iran and rejoin their families, and that all of us men who believe in liberty stand by it and defend it successfully. The relations between the United States and Israel are important from this point of view, and therefore we not only cherish them, we are going to develop them in the future as well. Mr. President, my colleagues and I are very grateful to you and to your colleagues for the wonderful hospitality you extended to us during the 2 days in Washington. Thank you very much. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Mr. Prime Minister. Good luck to you. Thank you so much. There will be a joint communique issued. NOTE: The President spoke at 12:05 p.m. on the South Grounds of the White House. Budget Rescissions and Deferrals Message to the Congress. April 16, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, I herewith report 53 proposals to rescind a total of $1,472.7 million in budget authority previously provided by the Congress. In addition, I am reporting 21 new deferrals totalling $6,916.4 million. These rescission proposals and deferrals are an integral part of my recently an nounced anti-inflation program, and will help achieve a balanced Federal budget in 1981. The details of each rescission proposal and deferral are contained in the attached reports. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 16, 1980. NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescissions and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of April 16, 1980. National Volunteer Week Memorandum From the President. April 16, 1980 Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies Subject: National Volunteer Week Because of the deep commitment to voluntary action that Mrs. Carter and I share, I am pleased to join in the observance of National Volunteer Week, April 20-26, 1980. In order to meet the serious economic and social challenges that our country faces today, citizens and communities must take more responsibility for themselves and for each other. This effort requires the help of the millions of volunteers and volunteer organizations across this nation. Voluntary citizen action is one of the cornerstones of our democracy. Americans have always been willing to lend their talents and energies to assist their communities, their nation, and the world. They have volunteered as individuals, they have volunteered through religious and community organizations, and they have volunteered by the tens of thousands through the government programs ad 695 Apr. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ministered by ACTION. There is no area of American life-health care, education, the law, housing, religion, the arts, civil and human rights-that has not been strengthened by citizens willing to donate their time and energy to the benefit of others. I urge every Federal agency to participate in National Volunteer Week with activities that salute and promote volunteerism and self-help. I know that many Federal employees already do volunteer work in their communities. I encourage you to highlight their achievements with appropriate recognition, and to encourage others to follow their example. Participation in National Volunteer Week will once again affirm our belief that citizen involvement in all aspects of our national life is essential to the health and well-being of the democracy we live in. JIMMY CARTER Decontrol of Marginal Oil Wells Executive Order 12209. April 16, 1980 BASE PRODUCTION CONTROL LEVEL FOR MARGINAL PROPERTIES By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.), and notwithstanding the delegations to the Secretary of Energy in Executive Order No. 11790, as amended by Executive Order No. 12038, and in order to permit the conversion to new oil status of all old oil production from marginal oil wells effective April 1, 1980, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order No. 12187 of December 29, 1979, is amended to read as follows: "1-101. For purposes of the pricing regulations adopted pursuant to the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, with respect to the months of January, February and March 1980, the base production control level for marginal properties shall equal 20 percent of the total number of barrels of old crude oil produced and sold from the property concerned during calendar year 1978, divided by 365, multiplied by the number of days during the month in 1978 which corresponds to the month concerned." "1-102. For purposes of this Order, the term "marginal properties" has the same meaning as that term under the crude oil pricing regulations adopted pursuant to the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended." "1-103. The Secretary of Energy may, pursuant to Executive Order No. 11790, as amended by Executive Order No. 12038, adopt such regulations as he deems necessary or appropriate to conform the crude oil pricing regulations to this Order.". JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 16, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:36 a.m., April 17, 1980] Administration of Arms Export Controls Executive Order 12210. April 16, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by the Arms Export Control Act, as amended 696 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 16 (22 U.S.C. 2751, et seq.), and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered that Executive Order No. 11958, as amended, is further amended, in order to make additional delegations of authority, as follows: 1-101. Section 1 (c) is amended to read as follows: "(c) Those under Section 21 of the Act, with the exception of the last sentence of subsection (d) and all of subsection (i), to the Secretary of Defense.". 1-102. Section 1 (f) is amended to read as follows: "(f) Those under Sections 24, 27 and 28 of the Act to the Secretary of Defense. The Secretary of Defense, in implementing the functions delegated to him under Section 27, shall consult with the Secretary of State.". 1-103. Section 1 is amended by adding the following new subsection: "(o) Those under Section 43 (c) of the Act to the Secretary of Defense.". JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 16, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:37 a.m., April 17, 1980] United States Sinai Support Mission Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. April 16, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit herewith the Ninth Report of the United States Sinai Support Mission. It covers the Mission's activities during the six-month period ending April 1, 1980. This Report is provided to the Congress in conformity with Section 4 of Public Law 94-110 of October 13, 1975. The Peace Treaty that Egypt and Israel signed in Washington on March 26, 1979, called for the United States to continue its monitoring responsibilities in the Sinai until January 25, 1980, when Israeli armed forces withdrew from areas east of the Giddi and Mitla Passes. This mission was completed on schedule and to the satisfaction of all parties. Trilateral talks in Washington in the fall of 1979 resulted in an ad referendum agreement that the United States, using the Sinai Field Mission, would verify certain military constraints-specified in Annex I of the Treaty-in the area of the Sinai west of the interim Buffer Zone. Subsequent negotiations among the three parties will, when completed, specify the details of this agreement. Administration officials have been in touch with appropriate Congressional committees on various aspects of this United States undertaking and will provide Congress with all agreements and understandings to which the United States is a party, as soon as they become available. This year's funding of the Sinai Support Mission is authorized under Chapter 6, Part II of the Foreign Assistance Act, "Peacekeeping Operations." At my request, the Congress restored $6 million of the Sinai Support Mission funds for FY1980, to cover anticipated outlays associated with the new United States task in the Sinai. In addition, I approved a request for an additional $3.9 million to provide the Sinai Field Mission with the use of aircraft to carry out its verification assignment. Appropriate notices have been submitted to Congress regarding the proposed transfer of funds. The American peacekeeping initiative in the Sinai has been a highly successful 697 Apr. 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 one to date. I urge the Congress to continue its support for this Mission as part of the larger United States effort to promote a permanent peace in the Middle East. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 16, 1980. NOTE: The report is entitled "Report to the Congress-SSM: United States Sinai Support Mission" (23 pages plus appendices). General Revenue Sharing Program Message to the Congress Transmitting Legislation. April 16, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am transmitting to Congress today legislation titled the "Local Government Fiscal Assistance Amendments of 1980." This legislation authorizes a five-year extension of the general revenue sharing program for local governments. It amends and extends the current authorization for the general revenue sharing program, which expires on September 30, 1980. In my January budget, I indicated that I would support a $6.9 billion extension of the General Revenue Sharing program, with full participation by the States. Since that time, inflation has accelerated considerably and it has become imperative that we restrain Federal spending and balance the Federal budget. I therefore am proposing today that the revenue sharing program be extended only for local governments. I also am recommending that funding for the program be reduced to the transitional level of $5.1 billion in the next two fiscal years and $4.6 billion in fiscal years 1983 through 1985. When the general revenue sharing pro gram was first enacted in 1972, State and local governments confronted significant fiscal needs. Many States and localities faced growing demands for services, which they were unable to finance with their own tax resources. At the same time. Federal revenues were expected to grow rapidly, providing the resources for additional aid to States, counties and cities. Today the economic situation is quite different. Most State governments are stronger fiscally than they were just a decade ago. They have broader and more responsive tax systems, which have produced rapid growth in revenues. In the last decade alone, State government revenues have grown sixty percent faster than the Gross National Product. Some States, as a result, have accumulated substantial budget surpluses. While the fiscal condition of the States has improved substantially, many local governments continue to have difficulty financing essential services with their own tax resources. These cities, counties and towns are squeezed between growing demands for services and shrinking tax bases. This fiscal squeeze is particularly severe for the cities and counties with large numbers of poor or disadvantaged citizens. Finally, the high rate of inflation has made it necessary to restrain Federal spending and balance the Federal budget. As a result, the Federal government does not have sufficient resources to meet all of the demands on its budget. These changes in the economy make it essential that Federal policies and programs be adapted to current requirements. We need to achieve a balanced budget and disciplined restraint in Federal spending. We need to recognize the fiscal resurgence of the States and ask them to join us as full partners in solving our domestic problems, including the fight 698 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 against inflation. And we must face the fact that many local governments confront responsibilities beyond their capacities, and that Federal assistance must go to those with the greatest needs. This legislation embodies my commitment to a strong and vital Federal system and responds to the need for greater fiscal responsibility at all levels of government. The legislation retains the most important features of the current revenue sharing program. -I am proposing that the program be funded for a full five years and that entitlements to local governments are continued on the same basis as the current law. This long-term extension will allow cities, counties, and towns to plan their budgets for several years and to use Federal funds efficiently. -I am proposing that the flexibility provided to local governments in the current revenue sharing program be retained. This will ensure that revenue sharing funds are distributed with minimal administrative cost and little red tape. It will also allow local governments to be responsive to local needs, rather than to priorities set in Washington. -Finally, I am proposing that the citizen participation and anti-discrimination provisions of the current program be reauthorized in their entirety. This will ensure continued progress in making local government more accessible and responsive to all citizens. The legislation I am transmitting also includes important changes in the current program. These changes will make the revenue sharing program more responsive to the needs of local government and more consistent with the current economic situation. First, I am proposing that the States no longer receive general revenue sharing assistance. While I recognize that this rec ommendation will cause difficult adjustments in a few States, it reflects the improved fiscal health of the States and the need for greater fiscal responsibility and a balanced Federal budget. Second, I am proposing that $500 million be added to the local share of general revenue sharing in each of the next two years. This $500 million of transitional assistance is intended to help local governments adjust to reductions in State aid resulting from the discontinuation of revenue sharing for the States. The $500 million will be concentrated in the States that provide the greatest amount of aid to their local governments. Without these funds, many cities and counties will be forced to lay off essential workers or to raise already high property tax rates. Third, I am proposing modest changes in the intrastate formula for allocating general revenue sharing funds. These changes will provide increases in aid to local governments with large numbers of poor and disadvantaged citizens and with very high tax burdens. They will help reduce the large disparities that exist between wealthy and poor communities in many States. Finally, I am proposing that local governments that receive revenue sharing aid be audited every two years. This provision will facilitate continued improvement in local government financial management practices. During my Administration, we have built a new partnership between the Federal government and State and local governments. This partnership has brought new vitality to our Nation's States, counties and cities. It has provided consistent and stable funding for critical State and local needs. And it has given State and local officials an opportunity to help shape the legislation that affects them. 699 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 My proposals for renewing general revenue sharing strengthen the partnership that we have forged in the last three years. I hope Congress will join me in this effort. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 16, 1980. NOTE: The text of the message was released on April 17. Visit of Prime Minister Begin of Israel White House Statement. April 17, 1980 Prime Minister Begin and President Carter have completed 2 days of extensive talks, following the talks with President Sadat last week, on the remaining issues in the autonomy negotiations and on global security and the situation in the Middle East. These talks were held in the traditional spirit of friendship and close cooperation which characterizes relations between the United States and Israel. President Carter reaffirmed the longstanding American commitment to the security and well-being of Israel and to the achievement of a just and lasting peace between Israel and its neighbors. Prime Minister Begin reiterated Israel's warm friendship for the United States and its strong support for the firm role of the United States in helping to preserve the security and independence of the states of the Middle East. The President and Prime Minister consider that these talks have been helpful in advancing the autonomy negotiations. They reaffirm their dedication to the Camp David agreement of September 17, 1978, their satisfaction over the smooth implementation of the treaty of peace be. tween Israel and Egypt of March 26, 1979, and their determination to pursue to successful conclusion, within the Camp David 'framework, the current autonomy negotiations as another step toward a comprehensive settlement in the Middle East. They reiterate their view that lasting peace can be achieved in the Middle East only through a comprehensive settlement. Prime Minister Begin reaffirmed the objective set out in his and President Sadat's letter to President Carter of March 26, 1979, to do everything possible to reach agreement by May 26, 1980, the 1-year goal they set for themselves in that letter. President Carter reaffirmed the determination of the United States to do everything it appropriately can to assist Israel and Egypt to achieve that goal. To this end, it has been agreed, following consultations with the Government of Egypt, that the negotiating delegations of Egypt, Israel, and the United States will meet for accelerated negotiations in both Israel and Egypt, beginning before the end of April in Herzliya. Prime Minister Begin and President Carter affirmed the determination of their two countries to continue to work closely together in every sphere and, in particular, in the joint effort they have undertaken together with President Sadat to bring a just, lasting, and comprehensive peace to the Middle East. The Prime Minister and the President were joined for their discussions on the Israeli side by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yitzhak Shamir; the Minister of Interior, Yosef Burg; the Ambassador of Israel to the United States, Ephraim Evron; and their advisers. On the American side the President was joined by the Vice President, Walter Mondale; the Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance; the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski; the Per 700 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 sonal Representative of the President for the Middle East negotiations, Sol Linowitz; the Ambassador of the United States to Israel, Samuel Lewis; and their advisers. National 4-H Club Remarks to Delegates Attending the Club's 50th Anniversary Conference. April 17, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Hi, everybody. How many of you know how long the 4-H has been in existence? DELEGATE. Since 1902. THE PRESIDENT. 1902. I'm very grateful to be with you today, here in truly an historic place. As you know, all the Presidents who've served this country have lived in this house behind me except George Washington, and the White House was finished when the second President was serving his term. I'm delighted to have the representatives here of the 4-H, who represent 5'/2 million young people and more than a million others who work closely with the 4-H members themselves. As I began to think about what to talk about, coming out here to meet with you young people, who represent such a fine character of American life, I thought about the long time-this is your 50th anniversary-I thought about the long time that you've represented unchanging American values in a changing worldvalues like learning from doing, values like cherishing a family, values like caring for a community, values like leadership, regardless of age, and values like honesty and decency and integrity and compassion and concern. Those things don't change. And they're particularly kept alive, in my judgment, by young people who are bright and fresh, not burdened down with doubt and concern, but have a fresh hope for the future. And those who are burdened down with concern and who are discouraged are wrong. Those who have a bright hope for the future, particularly in our county, are right. I know that about a fourth of the members who are represented at the conference are from urban areas, but those same values are extended in those environments, just as they are on the farm. As a farmer myself who now lives in an urban area-[laughter]-I would like to point out that of all the success stories I know in our country in economic terms, the number one success story is in agriculture. God has blessed us, as you know, with unbelievably fertile land and with natural resources far beyond the dreams of any other people on Earth, and we've taken good care of that land over which we have stewardship. We have the best diet, the most plentiful supplies of food. We also serve as a benevolent distributor of food and feed products, of fibers, wood products, to other people throughout the world. I've seen good progress made in recent years. In the last 3 years, since I've been here, farm income has gone up tremendously. We have set world records for export of American agricultural products to foreign countries every year since I've been in office. We've taken the Federal Government's nose out of the affairs of farm families in an unprecedented way. And we've had an opportunity also to let farmers control their own business, to store their own products on their farm, in an unprecedented fashion, and then to market their products when it is most advantageous to them, rather than being at the mercy of the middlemen, who sometimes 701 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 take advantage of changes in the market, when the farmer has, in the past, had to sell their crops just during the harvest time. I don't want to mislead you. As you well know, we've got problems in our country, serious problems for agriculture. Farmers are faced with very high inflation rates, like all of us are, and they're especially burdened with extremely high interest rates. We're doing all we can about it. The Federal Reserve Board, for instance, today acted to make sure that they're extending seasonal credit to farmers on an extended basis in banks of all sizes. And this will help farmers to get credit, as it goes up and down with the seasons, in a much more effective fashion than we had anticipated. We've approved lately $2 billion in emergency loans, which is being administered now in a very fast fashion. And we're taking other action to make sure that the farm families are protected as much as possible from this blight of inflation and high interest rates that really permeates almost the entire world. I would like to point out to you that a President and every member of 4-H and your families and counselors and those around you have to make difficult decisions in times which try our patience and times which try our courage and times which test American unity. I spend a lot of time, day and night, worrying about the 53 Americans who are held in Iran and trying to deal with the changing circumstances there to ensure that we protect our national honor and the principles of our Nation and also protect the lives of those hostages and work toward a thing that we value very highly, and that's freedom. We're also concerned recently, from Christmas Day, with the unwarranted invasion by the Soviet Union of the small, relatively defenseless, freedom-loving, deeply religious country of Afghanistan. We've tried to marshal support for political and economic action, not only in our own country but also from around the world, to prove to the Soviet Union that they cannot invade a country like this without suffering very serious adverse consequences. We've taken some powerful action, along with other nations, but we've done it in a peaceful fashion. We've not only kept peace for ourselves, but we've tried in the Mideast, for instance, to bring two people formerly filled with hatred-Egyptians and Israelis-to a spirit of friendship and cooperation and a mutual search for accommodation, with open borders and trade and tourism and exchange of their leaders. Week before last-last week, as a matter of fact-President Sadat was here meeting with me, as you know, and this week Prime Minister Begin was here meeting with me. And it is in our interest to have peace in the Middle East. But the point is, we can use the power and the prestige and the strength of our Nation as a superpower to feed other people, to keep our own people strong, to keep peace on Earth, to protect principles that are dear to all human beings, and to bring peace to others. I know you face the next few years with a concern about the problems, but this is not anything new. Those, when I was a child, who faced the 1930's saw coming the worst depression this Nation has ever suffered. Those who were your age in 1940 were faced with the Second World War, when literally millions of people were killed in a brutal battle that lasted 4 years. The 1950's-we were faced then with a war in Korea and with the times that tried us. In 1960 racial disturbances tore our cities apart and separated the North 702 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 from the South and blacks from whites, and we had extreme violence; 1970 -the highly divisive Vietnam war that separated not only people in Vietnam but separated one American from another, as we searched for a way to keep the peace and to repair the damage that had been done by that war, and then Watergate later on. These kinds of things have tested every generation of young people, and the present problems are not as bad as any of those that I've outlined to you as we enter the year 1980, not as bad as '70, '60, '50 '40, '30. And I would like to point out one last thing. When our Nation has been under the most difficult circumstances, that's when our strength has been most apparent. When the American people are united and can see a challenge clearly, we have never failed to answer a difficult question, to solve a difficult problem, or to overcome an apparently insurmountable obstacle. Our country is so strong and so blessed that we ought to be on our knees thanking God for what we have in this country. And there's one final blessing that I haven't mentioned strongly enough. Some of you've seen actually or seen the pictures of the wall that separates East Berlin from West Berlin. You've seen boatloads of people leaving Vietnam and other parts in Indochina; you've seen people crammed, 10,000 in the Peruvian Embassy in recent days in Cuba-all trying to find one thing. Does anybody know what it is? DELEGATES. Freedom. THE PRESIDENT. Freedom, trying to find freedom. And the thing that makes our Nation strong is that we have that freedom. It's the freedom to differ; it's the freedom that comes with the emphasis placed on individuality; it's the right for us to use whatever talent we have as we see fit. It lets us accommodate change rapidly; it lets us roll with the punches and come up again to fight for an even greater future for our country. I'm grateful to you for coming here. I'm also grateful to you for the outcome of the public opinion poll that I read about Monday. [Laughter] Ten to one, you know, is pretty good. [Laughter] And I'm also grateful for the fact that I share a lot with you in my own past, when I was young, and I'm also grateful that as President I share a future to make the greatest nation on Earth even greater in the years ahead. Thank you very much. God bless all of you. NOTE: The President spoke at 12:24 p.m. on the South Lawn of the White House. Following the President's remarks, Deputy Secretary of Agriculture Jim Williams spoke to the group. Delegates Kenneth Guin of Alabama, Carol Noble of Nebraska, and Robert Sherrad, Jr., of North Carolina presented the President with a report prepared by 4-H members, a commemorative plate, and a T-shirt for Amy Carter. Their remarks are included in the transcript. Generalized System of Preferences Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. April 17, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: Herewith is my report to Congress on the first five years' operation of the U.S. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). This report is required by Section 505 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2465). The report reviews the major provisions and regulations which govern the 703 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 administration of the U.S. GSP. An analysis of the impact of the U.S. program on the economies of developing countries and on the U.S. economy is included in the report, along with a comparison of the U.S. program with those of the other major developed countries. The report also reviews the operation of the GSP competitive need limits and the distribution of benefits among developing countries. Finally, the report outlines certain modifications designed to improve the overall operation of the program. These will be introduced this year. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 17, 1980. NOTE: The 187-page report is entitled "Report of the President on the U.S. Generalized System of Preferences." THE PRESIDENT'S NEWS CONFERENCE OF APRIL 17, 1980 SITUATION IN IRAN THE PRESIDENT. Since last November, 53 Americans have been held captive in Tehran, contrary to every principle of international law and human decency. The United States began to implement a series of nonviolent but punitive steps, designed to bring about the release of our hostages. In January, we received information and signals from the Iranian authorities that they were prepared to enter into serious discussions to bring about the release of the hostages. At that time the United States decided to defer additional sanctions, and then these discussions resulted in commitments from the top authorities in Iran, including a transfer of the hostages to Government control, to be followed by their release. These commitments were not fulfilled. Earlier this month, April the. 7th, I announced a series of economic and political actions designed to impose additional burdens on Iran because their Government was now directly involved in continuing this act of international terrorism. This process is moving forward. We've imposed economic sanctions, and we have broken diplomatic relations with Iran. Recently a number of other nations have recalled their ambassadors, and these countries are now considering sanctions they may be prepared to invoke in the near future. Even while these deliberations continue, officials in Iran talk about not resolving the hostage issue until July or even later. We are beyond the time for gestures. We want our people to be set free. Accordingly, I am today ordering an additional set of actions. First, I am prohibiting all financial transfers by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to any person or entity in Iran, except those directly related to the gathering of news and family remittances to the hostages.* As of today, any such transaction will become a criminal act. Second, all imports from Iran to the United States will be barred. Third, I intend to exercise my statutory authority to protect American citizens abroad by prohibiting travel to Iran, and by prohibiting any transactions between Americans and foreign persons relating to such travel or the presence of Americans in Iran. Again, this authority will not now be used to interfere with the right of the press to gather news. However, it is my *The sentence should end with the word "remittances." [White House correction.] 704 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 responsibility and my obligation, given the situation in Iran, to call on American journalists and news-gathering organizations to minimize, as severely as possible, their presence and their activities in Iran. Fourth, I am ordering that all military equipment previously purchased by the Government of Iran, which I had previously impounded, be made available for use by the United States military forces or for sale to other countries. And finally, I will ask Congress for discretionary authority to pay reparations to the hostages and to their families out of the more than $8 billion in frozen Iranian assets in the United States. These assets will be available to satisfy contract and other commercial claims of American firms against Iranian Government entities and to reimburse claims of the United States for the heavy military and other costs we have incurred because of Iran's illegal actions. If a constructive Iranian response is not forthcoming soon, the United States should and will proceed with other measures. We will legally forbid shipments of food and medicine, and the United Nations Charter, as you know, stipulates interruption of communications as a legitimate sanction. Accordingly, I am prepared to initiate consultations with the member nations of Intelsat [International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium] to bar Iran's use of international communications facilities. The measures which I am announcing today are still nonbelligerent in nature. They are a continuation of our efforts to resolve this crisis by peaceful means. The authorities in Iran should realize, however, that the availability of peaceful measures, like the patience of the American people, is running out. I am compelled to repeat what I have said on previous occasions: Other actions are avail able to the United States and may become necessary if the Government of Iran refuses to fulfill its solemn international responsibility. The American hostages must be freed. Let me say just a few words about our economy before I answer questions. THE NATIONAL ECONOMY We have been going through difficult times with high inflation and with extremely high interest rates. We are taking steps to bring these under control, and we are beginning, after only a month of the anti-inflation programs being announced, to make some progress. However, we are now entering a very difficult transition period when recent economic statistics suggest that our economy has slowed down and has probably entered a period of recession. I believe that any recession will be mild and short, but I'm deeply concerned about how it affects the people of our country. When I see automobile plant closings or a sharp drop in housing construction or very high interest rates for farmers during the planting season, I know the pain and I know the disruption and the heartache that lie below the cold statistics. But I also know that we cannot substantially reduce interest rates and we cannot make jobs secure until we get the inflation rate down. A month ago, I set a series of tough anti-inflation measures. The Congress has been doing an excellent job in carrying out its part by cutting down the prospects for Federal spending, leading toward a balanced budget for next year. If we maintain self-discipline, all of us, this program will work to cut inflation, to reduce interest rates, and to restore the conditions for healthy growth, both in jobs and in economic output. 705 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Certain sectors of our economy, of the American people, are particularly hard hit, and within our budget constraints, we are taking steps available to meet those hard times for them. For farmers-a new emergency credit bill, higher target prices for wheat and corn, and opening up of farm reserves to those previously unable to participate in the storage of grain. This will provide some relief for them. For housing, I will support an effort to expand the section 235 program, which will build an additional 100,000 units, again within our budget spending limits. To sustain employment for autoworkers, we are working to encourage more overseas automakers to invest here in the United States. Honda has already announced a large plant. Just today, the makers of Datsun announced their plans to construct a very large plant in the United States. And I hope to sign a bill soon that will enable Volkswagen to open a plant in Michigan. Between this fiscal year and next, we are budgeting over a billion dollars extra to provide trade adjustment assistance to tide the autoworkers over until new jobs can be provided for them, as American automobile manufacturers produce more of the energyefficient automobiles which are now in such great demand by the American consumer. We've been working with the Nation's food and drug chains and we now have more than 6,500 food stores and more than 2,500 drug sales outlets who have committed themselves to voluntary freezing of prices on literally thousands of basic items. In the last several weeks, interest rates have begun edging down, and yesterday they fell more steeply, but they are still very high. And there will be no substantial nor sustained reduction in interest rates until the growing demand for credit is assuaged and until we get inflation under control. But-and this is very important-the next couple of months, in spite of the good news recently, we will continue to see bad news on inflation. There are some cost increases still in the pipeline that have not yet been reflected in prices to the consumer. After that, starting early this summer, the chances are very good for a sizable drop in the inflation rate. We should have much smaller increases in energy prices this year compared to last year, and mortgage interest rates should no longer be rising-indeed, I hope to see them fall. There are no quick and easy answers, but there is no reason for fear or despair. Our programs are good, our American economy is strong and sound, and our people are united and determined to meet these challenges together. QUESTIONS IRAN: SANCTIONS, DEADLINES, AND ALLIED SUPPORT Q. Mr. President, what have you accomplished with these sanctions so far? And have you set a deadline before summer for a new belligerent stand? And also, do you have any reason to believe that the allies are going to back up our actions, or are they fair weather friends? THE PRESIDENT. From the very beginning of the crisis in Iran, brought about by the seizure of our hostages, I have had two goals in mind from which we have never deviated: first of all, to protect the interests of our country and its principles and standards; and secondly, and along with it on an equal basis, to protect the lives of the hostages and to work as best I could under the most difficult possible circumstances to secure the release of our hostages safely and to freedom. 706 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 We have had three options available to us: economic, political, and military. So far, we have only exercised the economic and the political measures-in the Court of Justice, in the United Nations, in our own economic actions which are now inflicting punishment on Iran's economy, and in the marshaling of support among other countries. I can't predict to you exactly what other nations will do. In recent days, I have communicated with almost all of the major nations' leaders, asking them to take peaceful action, economic and political, to join with us in convincing Iran that they are becoming increasingly isolated from the rest of the civilized world and increasingly vulnerable to dissension and fragmentation within and to danger from without, particularly the Soviet Unionthe north of Iran. Recently, our allies and friends have withdrawn their ambassadors to decide what they should do in the future. I understand from some of the leaders that next week they will have another meeting to decide what further steps to take, now that Bani-Sadr, the President of Iran, and others have refused to take action to release the hostages after our allies had demanded directly that Iran take this action. If this additional set of sanctions that I've described to you today and the concerted action of our allies is not successful, then the only next step available that I can see would be some sort of military action, which is the prerogative and the right of the United States under these circumstances. IRAN: POSSIBILITY OF FOOD EMBARGO Q. Mr. President, why didn't you embargo food right now, as some of us had been led to believe you had already decided to do? THE PRESIDENT. We have considered extending the embargo to food and drugs, which is obviously an item that we could include. We, first of all, are complying with the United Nations Security Council definition of sanctions, and we are encouraging, now, our allies to take similar action. Secondly, because of decisions made by us, the attitude of the American people, the attitude of shippers of food and drugs, this trade is practically nonexistent. As I pointed out to you today, unless there is immediate action on the part of Iran, these items and the interruption of communications are still available to us for a decision by me. MOBIL OIL COMPANY Q. Mr. President, after Mobil was cited as out of compliance with voluntary wage and price guidelines, they still received two multimillion dollar Federal contracts. This seems to indicate that sanctions against noncompliance, especially with regard to the oil companies, can be waived. My question, sir, is: Are further sanctions being considered against the Mobil Oil Company and other companies, and if so, when will that announcement come? THE PRESIDENT. The previous contracts given to Mobil were decided before Mobil was cited by the Council on Wage and Price Stability. Sanctions against Mobil are being considered. We are negotiating now with Mobil on a daily basis to try to force them, through persuasion and because of the pressure of public opinion on Mobil, to refund to the American people the overcharges that resulted from their pricing policies in 1979. 707 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 We have not yet been successful in convincing Mobil to comply with these voluntary price standards so important to the American people and, in my judgment, so important to the stature and the reputation of Mobil Oil as a responsible member of the American economic community. I cannot predict to you what Mobil will do. If they do not act, we will continue to let the American people know about the irresponsibility of Mobil, and we will also take actions, as necessary, to restrain Mobil, within the bounds of the law, from benefiting from Government contracts. IRAN: AMERICAN MILITARY OPTIONS Q. Mr. President, there's been some ambiguity, perhaps partly deliberate, about the circumstances and timing of military measures, if they are to be taken, against Iran. One element of that ambiguity was a remark you made in an interview with the European television last week that suggested that if our allies support us sufficiently in taking sanctions, then it might be less necessary for you to take unilateral military measures. My question is, to what extent does the timing of military measures depend on what our allies do, and to what extent does it depend simply on the Iranian response? THE PRESIDENT. It depends on three factors. One is the effectiveness of the accumulation of economic and political sanctions that we have taken against Iran. Secondly, it depends upon the effectiveness of the sanctions to be imposed upon Iran by other nations in the world, including some of our key allies. And thirdly and most importantly, of course, it depends upon the response of Iran to these actions and the condemnation of the rest of the world. I do not feel it appropriate for me to set a specific time schedule for the imposition of further actions, which may include military action, but it's an option available to me. I think our key allied leaders understand the timeframe under which we are acting and making our plans, and their decisions next week, I think, will be colored, perhaps, by the messages that I have exchanged with them, both by cable and by direct telephone conversations, which continue. HAMILTON JORDAN Q. Mr. President, there have been reports that you have designated Hamilton Jordan as your special envoy on Iran to negotiate on the hostages and that, generally, he has become one of your top foreign policy advisers. Could you explain to us some of these new functions of his and his qualifications for them, and also confirm a report that on one or more of his secret missions he wore a wig and other disguises? THE PRESIDENT. I've never known about any disguises or wigs. Hamilton is not one of my major foreign policy advisers. He does not claim to be an expert on foreign policy. Hamilton is very valuable to me in the proper interrelation of foreign policy decisions with domestic decisions. He does attend most of our highlevel discussions on both domestic matters and foreign policy matters. Almost every member of the White House staff who is involved directly or indirectly in international affairs and, also, those in the State Department and, perhaps, even those in the Justice Department have been involved at various times in the attempt that we have made to convince the Iranian Government and their officials to release the hostages. This does include Hamilton, but he's not designated exclusively at all to play this role. 708 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 IRAN: TIMING FOR RELEASE OF HOSTAGES Q. Mr. President, you mentioned that there's a statement from Iranian officials that they may not consider the hostage question until July. Without talking about a deadline, is that acceptable? Could it go on that long? THE PRESIDENT. I would think that would be an excessive time for us to wait. IRAN: EFFECTS OF BLOCKADE ON ALLIED OIL SUPPLIES Q. Mr. President, despite the compelling objective of obtaining the release of the hostages, what is the possibility that a future military action by the United States, even including a blockade, might be too high a price to pay in terms of the damage to the Allied oil supplies and the further risk of war? THE PRESIDENT. That's a balance that I will have to assess and on which make the ultimate decision. I have not discussed specific military steps with our allies that I might take. I think they are familiar, through news reports and through just commonsense analysis of those available to us, that the interruption of commerce with Iran is a kind of step that would be available. We announced in November, I think November the 20th, that this was one of those steps that we would reserve for ourselves to take in the future. I think we used the phrase, "interruption of commerce with Iran." It would be severe in its consequences for Iran and much less severe for any particular customer of Iran. Because of sanctions against Iran and because of the fragmented nature of their own economic system and because of their inability to buy adequate spare parts and continue their exploratory operations of the production of oil, their shipments of oil in the in ternational markets have dropped precipitously. So, a total interruption of Iranian oil shipments to other countries would not be a devastating blow to those countries. It would certainly be an inconvenience; it would certainly be serious. And we have been trying to avoid that kind of action, and we are still attempting to avoid that kind of action. But I cannot preclude that option for the future if it becomes necessary. IRAN: TIMING OF U.S. ACTIONS WITH PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES Q. Mr. President, some of your critics, especially those who work for Senator Kennedy, have suggested that your announcements and actions on Iran, many of them seem timed to influence the Presidential primaries. They cite the announcement the morning of the Wisconsin primary and I'm sure will point out that today's announcements and this press conference come just a few days before the Pennsylvania primary. What's your response to that? THE PRESIDENT. I would like for you to look at the calendar since the first of January and find a time that wasn't immediately before or immediately after primaries. As you know, we have 35 primaries this year in a period of about 5 months, which is an average of 7 primaries per month. And I have never designed the announcement of an action to try to color or modify the actions of voters in a primary. These occurrences are too serious for our Nation. And the particular instance to which you refer in Wisconsin was a time when we had negotiated for many weeks in anticipation of such an announcement that the hostages would be transferred to control of the Government and subsequently 709 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 released. That decision came through official action by the Iranian Government, the Revolutionary Council. President Bani-Sadr made the announcement himself early in the morning our time, about noontime Iranian time. It was a completely appropriate time for it to be announced. But I do not make, and have not made, and will not make decisions nor announcements concerning the lives and safety of our hostages simply to derive some political benefit from them. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PRESIDENCY Q. Mr. President, it seems a lot of people we've seen don't find your effectiveness too great these days. We find this in the polls and elsewhere. And at least, it's not as high as they'd like, as good as they'd like. My question is this: Is the job today of being President too big, too complex for a President, any President? Are there too many factors outside of your control to be effective? THE PRESIDENT. The job is a big one; there's no doubt about that. Under any normal circumstances, being President is not an easy task. The greatness and strength of our country, the support of the American people, the derivation, through democratic processes, of authority and responsibility and the ability to act is a reassuring thing to me and all my predecessors who've served in this office and lived in this house. This year, almost in a unique way, we've had additional responsibilities. I think it's been 25 or 30 years, for instance, since an incumbent Democratic President had to run a political campaign while he was in office. I don't deplore that. The right of my opponents to run is theirs. But that's an additional complicating factor. It was obviously an additional burden for our entire Nation, not just for me, to have American hostages captured in Iran and to have the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan, which was a departure from 25 years of policy on their part not to use their own military forces to cross the borders into a previously undominated country. The combination of these three factors, in addition to very high interest rates and inflation rates, brought about primarily by worldwide escalation in oil prices, has made this an extremely difficult job even compared to normal times. I don't deplore it; I'm not trying to avoid the responsibilities. And I believe that the action of the American people so far during the electoral process has not been a complete endorsement of what I have done or what I have accomplished. But I think the results so far, compared to what was anticipated 6 months ago, in spite of these unpredictable kinds of crises that have afflicted our Nation, have been very gratifying to me and an indication that the American people are fairly well satisfied. We've got problems, yes. But I am not despairing, and I am not fearful; I don't think the American people should be either. IRAN: PROHIBITION ON TRAVEL Q. Mr. President, do the sanctions that you announced today, sir, bar the families of hostages and other humanitarianminded Americans from traveling, assuming of course that the terrorists will allow them into the Embassy? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, it would unless they had received a specific permit either from the State Department or the Attorney General [Treasury Department].* * White House correction. 710 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Q. Mr. President, you have just recently encouraged foreign automakers to invest in plants in this country, presumably to hold more jobs here. But in recent days the autoworkers are complaining they've lost a significant number of jobs. They are suggesting putting restrictions on foreign imports, at least as a short-term remedy, and they're planning to be here and lobby for this. I wonder how you feel about restrictions on imports. THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to respond to your question without it being characterized as a criticism of anyone. I remember the first few months that I was President, sitting in the Cabinet Room, over just adjacent to the Oval Office, talking to the leaders of the American automobile manufacturers, manufacturing firms, all of the leaders there, all the firms represented, encouraging them to comply with the impending legislation in the Congress to require the production of small and efficient automobiles for the American market. Their unanimous reply was that this was an inappropriate thing for them to do, that the market was not there for the small and efficient automobiles. Subsequent events, which could not be completely predictable, have shown that the American people are now demanding, in order to conserve energy, the small and efficient automobiles, precisely the kind of car that we were encouraging them to make 3 years ago or more. At this moment every single small, efficient automobile that can be produced by American manufacturers have a ready market. Because they are now in a transition period from the large gasguzzling automobiles to the manufacture of the small and efficient cars, there is a very difficult time for employment and American production, because the market is not there for the big, heavy, inefficient automobiles. So, to replace the number of cars that Americans could be producing that are small and efficient that are not being produced, foreign imports are coming in at a very high level. There are several things that we could do: prevent those foreign cars from coming in, deprive the American consumer from buying them, which would drive up the price of domestically produced small cars enormously or would result in Americans having to buy the large and inefficient gas-guzzlers which they do not want. I think that would be ill advised. So, we are trying to carry over, as best we can, during this transition phase minimal damage to the American automobile worker, as I described in my statement, encouraging the American manufacturers to shift toward the small and efficient cars as rapidly as possible and, as an additional thing, encouraging Volkswagen and other foreign manufacturers to come into the United States, to employ American automobile workers, highly trained, to produce the foreign-designed cars during that period. Later, I have no doubt that the American manufacturers, who are highly competent and who make superb vehicles, will rapidly shift to the small and efficient cars. When they do, I think the foreign imports, even those manufactured here, will have a much more competitive market. But I cannot freeze, now, imports of the small foreign cars that American consumers want, just to protect an industry that is now transferring its attention to the small cars to be manufactured here. 711 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 IRAN: SOVIET ACTIONS TO COUNTER e BLOCKADE Q. Mr. President, I would like to get back to the subject of Iran, if we might. There have been published reports that the Soviet Union has already taken some steps to counter the effects of a boycott or a blockade, should you decide to take that route as the days go on. There are reports that truckloads of various food supplies and other commodities are already coming across the Soviet border into Iran. Do you have any independent confirmation of this, Mr. President, and don't you think, if it is true, this would undermine any future type of a naval blockade? THE PRESIDENT. The fact is that, I guess, historically there has been a fairly substantial level of trade between the Soviet Union and Iran. Before the recent revolution, there were plans afoot for substantial increased shipments of natural gas from Iran into the Soviet Union in exchange for the barter of goods and perhaps hard cash. The rail lines and the road system which interconnects Iran and the Soviet Union are quite limited in their capacity. They may be used now at capacity; I don't really know the specifics about that. But I think that the quantity of goods that would be interrupted by a possible blockade, which I'm not predicting now specifically will take place, could not possibly be filled or replaced by the limited transportation routes by land, either from Turkey or Iraq or the Soviet Union, certainly not from Afghanistan, at this time. THE NATO ALLIANCE Q. Mr. President, I was wondering, sir: Is it your belief the American people will continue indefinitely to provide the main defense of Western Europe, when there's a story in the papers this morning that showed pluralities in both West Germany and Britain now oppose backing the United States in a future dispute with the Soviet Union? THE PRESIDENT. The United States has never provided the majority of or the overwhelming portion of troops or fighting equipment in Europe for the defense of Western Europe against the Warsaw Pact. The number of troops that America has, in all, in the European theater is about 300,000. We and our NATO Allies combined have, I think, more than 2 million. I don't remember the exact figure. We have always provided the strategic nuclear umbrella for the protection of Europe, and we've had direct control, as you know, over most of the tactical nuclear weapons. I saw results of a poll today from Germany that showed that over 80 percent of the people in West Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, favor a boycott of the Moscow Olympics by the Federal Republic of Germany. I think the NATO Alliance is as strong now as it has been in any time, in my memory, since the war. Under very difficult economic circumstances, the major nations in the Alliance have committed themselves to a real growth in defense expenditures. Under heavy pressure, propaganda efforts by the Warsaw Pact nations, the Allies voted last December to go ahead with a modernization of theater nuclear forces-a very difficult decision. And my own personal relationship with the leaders in those countries, both the heads of state and military and diplomatic, show a very strong commitment to the Alliance and a very strong support for us. I have sometimes been disappointed at the rapidity of action and the substance of the action taken by some of our allies in the Iranian and the Afghanistan question. 712 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 But we look at things from a different perspective. We are much more invulnerable than they are to any sort of conventional attack. Germany, for instance, is a divided country. Seventeen million Germans live under Communist rule in East Germany, and Berlin is especially exposed. Most European countries have a much higher dependence on foreign trade than do we. But I think within the bounds of the limitations and difference of perspective, although I have sometimes been disappointed, I think they have performed adequately. And I believe recently, the last few days, and I believe next week, we will see a strong rush of support to join us in the boycott of the Moscow Olympics, which will be a heavy propaganda and psychological blow to the Soviet Union in condemnation of their invasion. And I believe their support for us in Iran will prove that the premise of your question, that we don't have their support and cooperation, is inaccurate. INFLATION AND A BALANCED BUDGET Q. Mr. President, a question on inflation: Did you tell a group of Democratic Congressmen a few weeks ago that you realized that your balanced budget would have only a very small impact on the inflation rate, less than one-half of 1 percent? And if you did tell them that, can you really expect, if the inflation rate stays high, the kind of decrease in inflation that you're talking about? If the balanced budget doesn't really do it, can you really expect them, when OPEC looks at that, when the financial markets look at that, could you expect the kind of decrease in interest rates and oil prices that you were talking about earlier today? Isn't it much more likely that we'll have a recession and with continued high inflation, continued high interest rates, and come out of it with a higher basic rate of inflation than we have now, as happened in '74, '75? THE PRESIDENT. That's a complicated question. I'll try to answer it briefly. It is true that by itself, in direct effect, a $15 billion reduction in Federal expenditures, compared to more than a $2 trillion economy, would involve less than a half of 1 percent. But in my judgment, as I told the congressional leaders assembled in this room, without a clear demonstration of self-discipline on the part of the Federal Government brought about by reduced expenditures and a commitment to a balanced budget, any other anti-inflation components would be fruitless, because we have got to convince the American people, the financial community, business community, labor community, individual citizens, that we ourselves here in Washington running the Government are going to be responsible and not overspend and do our share to get the Federal Government out of the borrowing business in 1981, in order to induce them to join us in a common team effort. I do believe that we are already seeing some results. In my opinion, the recent news on interest rates, not just the prime rate but most other interest rates, have shown an encouraging turn. I can't predict that it's going to be permanent; I don't want to mislead anyone. But if we can have a limit, a fairly substantial limit, say, a 20-percent increase in OPEC [overall]* energy costs, and some reductionsay, 2 percent-in mortgage rates on homes, we anticipate a substantial reduction in the inflation rate within the next few months. I'm talking about a reduction of maybe 8 percent or more. Those are *White House correction. 713 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 two big "ifs," but I don't think they're beyond the realm of expectation. So, I do believe that a concerted commitment on the part of the American people to the program that we have outlined, and some of them have volunteered to assume, will be effective and that we will have a reduction of interest rates and inflation, and at the same time, we will keep our economy strong. I have a very good feeling about the future this year, about controlling inflation and reduced interest rates. MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATIONS Q. Mr. President, in the last 10 days, Mr. President, you've talked with the leaders of Israel and Egypt at length about their negotiations on Palestinian autonomy, and you've said, today in fact, that the problems look less formidable now. Can you tell us where the give is and where you see the hope that these two parties might reach agreement by May 26 or any other time in the near future? THE PRESIDENT. I am not able and have never been able to speak for Egypt or to speak for Israel. The negotiation is basically between those two countries. We have faced much more formidable obstacles in the past than we presently face, both prior to the Camp David accords and also prior to the Mideast peace treaty conclusion. Now we are carrying out the Camp David agreement. When I discuss these matters with President Sadat oj Prime Minister Begin, they have never deviated one iota from the exact language and the exact provisions of the Camp David accords. It's looked on almost as a sacred document. There are differences of interpretation about what is actually meant by "a refugee" or what is actually meant by "full autonomy" and so forth. But we're now in the process of negotiating how much authority and power and influence and responsibility to give to the self-governing authority, how exactly it will be composed-those are the two basic questions-and how that selfgoverning authority is to be chosen. And once that's decided, Israel is completely ready to withdraw their military government, the civilian administration, to withdraw their own forces and to redeploy them in specified security locations, and to let those new duties and responsibilities be assumed by the Palestinian Arabs who live in the West Bank/Gaza. That will be a major step forward. And if we can accomplish that, then the details of exactly how to administer water rights and exactly how to administer land and how to administer other specific elements of security, like controlling terrorism, which are now the difficult issues being negotiated, I think will be resolved without delay. FRANK CORMIER [Associated Press]. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President's fifty-sixth news conference began at 4:01 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. It was broadcast live on radio and television. Sanctions Against Iran Executive Order 12211. April 17, 1980 FURTHER PROHIBITIONS ON TRANSACTIONS WITH IRAN By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, including Section 203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, 714 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 17 Sections 1732 and 2656 of Title 22 of the United States Code, and Section 301 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1631), in order to take steps additional to those set forth in Executive Order No. 12170 of November 14, 1979, and Executive Order No. 12205 of April 7, 1980, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States referred to in those Orders, and the added unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States created by subsequent events in Iran and neighboring countries, including the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, with respect to which I hereby declare a national emergency, and to carry out the policy of the United States to deny the use of its resources to aid, encourage or give sanctuary to those persons involved in directing, supporting or participating in acts of international terrorism, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. Paragraph 1-101 (d) of Executive Order No. 12205 is hereby amended by the addition of a new subparagraph (v) as follows: (v) Make any payment, transfer of credit, or other transfer of funds or other property or interests therein, except for purposes of family remittances. 1-102. The following transactions are prohibited, notwithstanding any contracts entered into or licenses granted before the date of this Order: (a) Effective immediately, the direct or indirect import from Iran into the United States of Iranian goods or services, other than materials imported for news publication or news broadcast dissemination. (b) Effective immediately, any transactions with a foreign person or foreign entity by any citizen or permanent resident of the United States relating to that per son's travel to Iran after the date of this Order. (c) Effective seven days from the date of this Order, the payment by or on behalf of any citizen or permanent resident of the United States who is within Iran of any expenses for transactions within Iran. The prohibitions in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section shall not apply to a person who is also a citizen of Iran and those prohibitions and the prohibitions in section 1-101 shall not apply to a journalist or other person who is regularly employed by a news gathering or transmitting organization and who travels to Iran or is within Iran for the purpose of gathering or transmitting news, making news or documentary films, or similar activities. 1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed, effective fourteen days from the date of this Order, to revoke existing licenses for transactions by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States with Iran Air, the National Iranian Oil Company, and the National Iranian Gas Company previously issued pursuant to regulations under Executive Order No. 12170 or Executive Order No. 12205. 1-104. The Secretary of the Treasury is delegated, and authorized to exercise, all functions vested in the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to carry out the purposes of this Order. The Secretary may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the Federal government. 1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury shall ensure that actions taken by him pursuant to the above provisions of this Order, Executive Order No. 12170 and Executive Order No. 12205 are accounted for as required by Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1641). 715 Apr. 17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 1-106. The Secretary of State is delegated, and authorized to exercise in furtherance of the purposes of this Order, the powers vested in the President by Section 2001 of the Revised Statutes (22 U.S.C. 1732), Section 1 of the Act of July 3, 1926 (22 U.S.C. 211a), and Section 215 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1185), with respect to: (a) the restriction of the use of United States passports for travel to, in or through Iran; and (b) the regulation of departures from and entry into the United States in connection with travel to Iran by citizens and permanent residents of the United States. 1-107. Except as otherwise indicated herein, this Order is effective immediately. In accord with Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1641) and Section 204 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1703), it shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress and published in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 17, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:51 a.m., April 18, 1980] Sanctions Against Iran Message to the Congress Reporting on Further Prohibitions on Transactions With Iran and Transmitting an Executive Order. April 17, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: Pursuant to section 204(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 50 U.S.C. 1703, I hereby report to the Congress that I have today declared a further national emergency and exercised the authority granted by this Act to im pose further prohibitions on transactions with Iran. I am enclosing a copy of an Executive Order I have issued today making this declaration and exercising these authorities pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1641 (b). 1. The circumstances necessitating the exercise of this authority are the continuing events in Iran, including the actions and omissions of the Government of Iran in violation of its obligations under international law, which caused me to declare a national emergency on November 14, 1979, and to take the action set forth in Executive Order No. 12170 of November 14, 1979, and Executive Order No. 12205 of April 7, 1980, and the additional unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States created by events subsequent to November 14, 1979, in Iran and neighboring countries, including the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. 2. The events in Iran and neighboring countries threaten the strategic and vital interests of the United States. The occupation of the United States Embassy in Tehran and the taking and holding of American citizens hostage there and the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan are flagrant violations of the international order upon which the security of all nations and international peace are based. Such actions in a region of such vital importance to the United States, and most of the world, constitute a grave threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States. 3. For these reasons, I find it necessary to prohibit the following: (a) Effective immediately, the direct or indirect import from Iran into the United States of Iranian goods or services, other than materials imported for news publication or news broadcast dissemination. 716 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 18 (b) Effective immediately, any transaction with a foreign person or foreign entity by any citizen or permanent resident of the United States relating to that person's travel to Iran after today. (I am simultaneously authorizing the Secretary of State to institute passport and departure controls to restrict travel to Iran by citizens and permanent residents of the United States.) (c) Effective seven days from today, the payment by or on behalf of any citizen or permanent resident of the United States who is within Iran of any expenses for transactions within Iran. The prohibitions in paragraphs (b) and (c) will not apply to a person who is also a citizen of Iran or a journalist or other person who is regularly employed by a news gathering or transmitting organization and who travels to Iran or is within Iran for the purpose of gathering or transmitting news, making news or documentary films, or similar activities. 4. Effective immediately, I have also amended Executive Order No. 12205 to prohibit payments, transfers of credit or other transfers of funds or other property or interests therein to any person in Iran, except for purposes of family remittances. This prohibition also does not apply to news gathering activities. 5. I have also directed the Secretary of the Treasury, effective fourteen days from today, to revoke existing licenses for transactions by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States with Iran Air, the National Iranian Oil Company, and the National Iranian Gas Company previously issued pursuant to regulations under Executive Order No. 12170 or Executive Order No. 12205. This will have the effect of closing down the offices in the United States of those entities. 6. In addition, I have ordered that all undelivered military equipment and spare parts purchased by Iran through the Department of Defense under the Arms Export Control Act now be distributed to our own Armed Forces or transferred to other buyers. The delivery of these defense articles was suspended in November 1979, and they are presently in storage or in the procurement pipeline. 7. This action is taken with respect to Iran and its nationals for the reasons described in this report. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 17, 1980. United States Ambassador to Zimbabwe Nomination of Robert V. Keeley. April 18, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Robert V. Keeley, of Winter Park, Fla., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Zimbabwe. Keeley is currently Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, a post he has held since 1978. He was born September 4, 1929, in Beirut, Lebanon. He received an A.B. degree from Princeton University in 1951, and he served in the U.S. Coast Guard from 1953 to 1955. Keeley joined the State Department in 1956 and has served in a variety of positions in the United States and overseas. His foreign assignments have included posts in Amman, Bamako, the Congo, Athens, Kampala, and Phnom Penh. From 1974 to 1976, he served at the State Department as Deputy Director of 717 Apr. 18 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the Interagency Task Force for Indochina Refugees. From 1976 to 1978, he was U.S. Ambassador to Mauritius. Keeley is a member of the American Foreign Service Association. He received a Superior Honor Award in 1975 and a Presidential Citation in 1976. United States Ambassador to Qatar Nomination of Charles E. Marthinsen. April 18, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Charles E. Marthinsen, of McLean, Va., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to the State of Qatar. He would replace Andrew Killgore, resigned. Marthinsen is currently Director of Egyptian Affairs at the State Department and has been a Foreign Service officer since 1955. He was born May 18, 1931, in Jersey City, N.J. He received a B.A. from Gannon College in 1953. He served in the U.S. Army from 1953 to 1955. After joining the Foreign Service, Marthinsen was posted in Dacca, Beirut, Jidda, and Damascus. He was political and economic officer in Cairo from 1967 to 1969 and served as an international relations officer at the State Department from 1969 to 1970. Marthinsen was political officer in Tripoli from 1970 to 1973 and attended the National War College in 1973-74. From 1974 to 1978, he was a personnel officer at the State Department. He has been Director of Egyptian Affairs since 1978. Counselor to the President on Aging Appointment of Harold L. Sheppard. April 18, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Harold L. Sheppard, of Bethesda, Md., as Counselor on Aging. He replaces Nelson Cruikshank, resigned. Sheppard has been senior research fellow and director of the Center on Work and Aging at the American Institutes for Research in Washington, D.C., since 1975. He was born April 1, 1922, in Baltimore, Md. He received an M.A. degree from the University of Chicago in 1945 and a Ph. D. degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1948. From 1947 to 1959, Sheppard was an associate professor of sociology at Wayne State University. He was staff director of the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging from 1959 to 1961. From 1961 to 1963, he was Assistant Administrator for Operations at the Commerce Department's Area Redevelopment Administration. From 1963 to 1975, he was a staff social scientist at the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, where he dealt particularly with older Americans in the work environment. Department of the Interior Nomination of Clyde O. Martz To Be Solicitor. April 18,1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Clyde O. Martz, of Denver, Colo., to be Solicitor of the Department of the Interior. He would replace Leo Krulitz, resigned. Martz has been a 718 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 partner with the Denver law firm of Davis, Graham and Stubbs since 1969. He was born August 14, 1920, in Lincoln, Nebr. He received an A.B. from the University of Nebraska in 1941 and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1947. From 1947 to 1962, Martz was a professor of law at the University of Colorado. He was with Davis, Graham and Stubbs from 1962 to 1967. From 1967 to 1969, he was an Assistant U.S. Attorney General. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. April 12 The President met at the White House with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. April 14 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Missouri in the East Room at the White House. The President transmitted to the Congress the formal request for budget revisions to implement the budget reductions announced on March 31. The White House announced that the President has selected Governor Averell Harriman and Ambassador Andrew Young as cochairmen of the delegation to represent the United States at the Zimbabwe independence ceremonies in Salisbury, April 17 and 18. The delegation will depart midday Tuesday, April 15. Also in the delegation will be: Delegates CONGRESSMAN STEPHEN SOLARZ of New York; CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM GRAY of Pennsylvania; MAYOR MAYNARD JACKSON of Atlanta, Ga.; ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR AFRICAN AFFAIRS RICHARD MOOSE. Members of the Official Party DOROTHY HEIGHT, National Council of Negro Women, New York, N.Y.; WAYNE FREDERICKS, Ford Motor Co., New York, N.Y.; ALBERT PRICE, Texas State senator, Beaumont, Tex.; GOLER BUTCHER, Assistant Administrator for Africa, Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.; FRANK DROZAK, AFL-CIO, acting president, Seafarers International Union, New York, N.Y.; JERRY FUNK, National Security Council staff member, Washington, D.C. April 15 The President met at the White House with Dr. Brzezinski. Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of the Federal Republic of Germany telephoned the President to discuss the situations in Iran and Afghanistan. The White House released the President and Mrs. Carter's net worth statement as of December 31, 1979, and 1979 joint income tax return. April 16 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -the Democratic congressional leadership; -Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers; 719 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -representatives of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights to discuss proposed fair housing legislation. The President declared a major disaster for the State of Arkansas as a result of severe storms and tornadoes on April 7, which caused extensive property damage. The White House announced that former Secretary of State Dean Rusk will serve as the President's special representative in greeting President Ferdinand E. Marcos of the Republic of the Philippines on his arrival April 19 in Honolulu to address the American Newspaper Publishers Association. April 17 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Todd Gibbs, of Scottsville, Ky., the National Cystic Fibrosis Poster Child. In the afternoon, the President hosted a reception for the National Conference of Black Mayors on the State Floor of the White House. The President announced that he has accorded Herbert J. Hansell the personal rank of Ambassador during his tenure as Senior Adviser to the United States Representative to the West Bank and Gaza Strip autonomy negotiations. Hansell has held this position since earlier this year and was previously Legal Adviser of the Department of State. April 18 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Representative Tom Harkin of Iowa; -Mr. Moore. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted April 14, 1980 GORDON ROBERT BEYER, of Florida, a Foreign Service officer of Class two, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Uganda. RUTH BADER GINSBURG, of New York, to be United States Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit, vice Harold Leventhal, deceased. JERRE S. WILLIAMS, of Texas, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit, vice Irving L. Goldberg, retired. PATRICK F. KELLY, of Kansas, to be United States District Judge for the District of Kansas, vice Wesley E. Brown, retired. W. EARL BRITT, of North Carolina, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of North Carolina, vice John D. Larkins, Jr., retired. WALTER HERBERT RICE, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, vice Timothy S. Hogan, retired. S. ARTHUR SPIEGEL, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, vice David S. Porter, retired. The following-named persons to be judges of the United States Tax Court for terms expiring 15 years after they take office: C. MOXLEY FEATHERSTON, of Virginia (reappointment). WILLIAM M. FAY, of Pennsylvania (reappointment). CHARLES R. SIMPSON, of Illinois (reappointment). Submitted April 18,1980 ROBERT V. KEELEY, of Florida, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Zimbabwe. CHARLES E. MARTHINSEN, of Virginia, a Foreign Service officer of Class two, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the State of Qatar. 720 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted April 18-Continued GEORGE Ross ANDERSON, JR., of South Carolina, to be United States District Judge for the District of South Carolina, vice James Robert Martin, Jr., retired. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released April 14, 1980 Transcript: announcement of action by Phillips Petroleum Co. to comply with the antiinflation program price standards-by Press Secretary Jody Powell; news conference by R. Robert Russell, Director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability CHECKLIST-Continued Released April 18, 1980 Announcement: nomination of George Ross Anderson, Jr., to be United States District Judge for the District of South Carolina ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved April 12, 1980 H.R. 3824 --- —------ Public Law 96-235 An act to amend the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act to authorize the Council of the District of Columbia to delegate its authority to issue revenue bonds for undertakings in the area of housing to any housing finance agency established by it and to provide that payments of such bonds may be made without further. approval. 721 Week Ending Friday, April 25, 1980 Interview With the President Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters From Pennsylvania. April 18, 1980 UNEMPLOYMENT Q. Mr. President, the unemployment rate has risen some 5.8 percent last November, to 6.2 percent in March. Since then, there have been sizable layoffs in the auto industry and the steel, with more layoffs expected. And my question is, how high are you willing to let the unemployment rate go before you shift from an economic policy of restraint to a policy of expansion? THE PRESIDENT. Well, for the last 18 months or more, the unemployment rate has been almost exactly 6 percent. It has been up and down, maybe two-tenths of 1 percent from that figure. Any unemployment is of deep concern to me. It is more than just statistics. It has effect on a family that has been laid off because of a slowdown; in the construction industry of homes, because of high interest rates; automobiles, because of a shift in the types of cars we make in this country; farmers, with the high charges on energy. There is no particular level at which we can shift our basic thrust. We are trying to sustain our economic growth at a small but moderate level and, at the same time, get the extraordinary inflation rate and interest rate down. It is unbearable to continue much longer with an 18-percent inflation rate and interest rates even higher. I think the proposals that were made to the Congress and to the American people to very carefully, very cautiously, very moderately restrain the economy to bring the inflation under control will not have a strong, adverse effect on the economic growth and jobs. We do have a few industries that have already been severely hurt. I have named the two that are most immediate in the consequences; that is automobile production and housing. Farming is not profitable at this moment, but we believe that in the summertime, we will have a reduction in the inflation rate and in interest rates. On steel, this has been one of the biggest challenges and efforts that my administration has made. The steel industry was in desperate straits when I took office. Profits were practically nonexistent. We have seen steel profits go from a few million dollars to $1.3 billion last year-20 times greater than they were before. We have seen steel capacity, total steel plants in this country, go up from, I think, 78 percent to about 88 percent now, and we have brought down imports since 1977 about 2 million tons per year. That doesn't mean that we don't still have problems in the steel industry. The antidumping effort that we are now undertaking in conjunction with the steel industry has been permitted in an expedited form by the actions that we took on the trade bill, and also working very closely with the steel industry who have met here in my office. So, we are trying on a broad base to take cautious measures, and we will try to monitor these developments on a daily basis and accommodate change if it takes place. 723 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Q. You can't say, if your unemployment gets, let's say, to 7 percent, that that is the time-or 8 percent? Are you saying that you would still concentrate on getting inflation down first, even if unemployment rose to such-to those levels? THE PRESIDENT. I can't give a formula like that. There is no trick formula to deal with this extremely complicated question. I might add one addition to my answer, and that is that as we have restrained our Federal spending in order to bring the budget into balance and to control inflation, we have not done anything to reduce, for instance, youth employment. We still are going forward with a major youth employment bill. And I think it is good to point out that in the last 3 years, we have cut the unemployment rate two full percentage points-that is 9 million net new jobs, 430,000 of them in Pennsylvania. But we are trying in these budget cuts and in balancing the budget not to interfere with job opportunities. And we are focusing attention where it is most needed and not having a broad base-very extensive general programs. Q. Maybe just one brief followup. Is it your belief, perhaps, that the recession will be, as you said yesterday, mild and short and that you do not expect unemployment to rise, let's say, to 7 percent? THE PRESIDENT. I think our projections show that the unemployment rate is likely to go up as high as 7 percent at the time of the end of this year. By that time, we believe, however, that the inflation rate and the interest rates will drop enough to have stimulated the economy to put people back to work. And then, at that time, with a balanced budget and reductions in Federal expenditures assured, we would be planning for a tax reduction to improve productivity and to control inflation at the same time. IRAN: TIMING OF ANNOUNCEMENTS WITH PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES Q. I would like, Mr. President, to ask you about charges of some of your critics that you timed some of your news announcements to coincide with primaries. I know you were asked this yesterday, but I would like to focus specifically on that 7 a.m. press conference on the day of Wisconsin. Wasn't that an extraordinarily unusual time for a press conference? And wasn't it unusual to have given an optimistic report, that very soon later proved unfounded, when you yourself so often cautioned against false expectations? THE PRESIDENT. I would be glad to explain to you why, if you like. I will repeat what I said yesterday. Q. Well, on that specific incident. THE PRESIDENT. We had a meeting in the Oval Office that morning, beginning at 5, because of the extraordinary circumstances that surrounded the developments up until that time. The Iranian Revolutionary Council and the terrorists and the President of Iran had all given me word, and it had been made public that a decision would be made about whether or not the hostages would be transferred. At noon, Iranian time, Bani-Sadr, the President, was to make his speech announcing their decision. He announced that the hostages would be transferred to the control of the Government, the first step to their ultimate release. I think the news media was alerted, and all of my administration was alerted; in fact, the entire world's attention was focused on Iran. And I think it was a completely appropriate thing for me to announce to the American people what the decision of Iran was. We have always looked upon any pronouncement from Iran, from a frag 724 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 mented section of authorities, as being highly suspect. But this was the first time that we had had a triple commitment to progress: the President, the Revolutionary Council, and the militant terrorists themselves. WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS Q. To go back to the economy, Mr. President, in Pittsburgh, our polls indicate the public expects wage and price controls to be applied at some point. You have just mentioned that there will not be a trick formula for some sort of relief. Could you give us your current thinking on wage and price controls? THE PRESIDENT. The same as it has always been. This is the kind of proposal that is politically attractive, until you assess the consequences of it. It is a simple, apparently easy solution to a very complicated and disturbing situation, with inflation rates high. The Congress would never pass it. No substantial group of Members of the House or Senate have introduced or pushed such legislation, to my knowledge. The fact is that even those who advocate wage and price controls admit that you cannot control interest rates, you cannot control the price of energy based on imported oil, you cannot control the price of food, and this applies to other basic necessities of life. The easiest thing to control is wages, and if a working family in this country has its wages controlled and then has to buy the necessities of life that cannot be controlled, this puts the greatest hardship on those least able to bear the hardship. That is why it is inconceivable to me that, aside from a national emergency such as war, that the Congress or a President would be willing to impose wage and price controls. STEEL INDUSTRY WAGES Q. My followup, Mr. President, has to do with the steel settlement, and there seems to be some disagreement as to what that will work out to. If it is as high as 40 percent over 3 years, would we expect a statement from the Council [on Wage and Price Stability] on that? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, if a steel settlement should be a violation of the wage guidelines, then there certainly would be a statement. My understanding so far, on the first analysis, is that the settlement is not in violation of the guidelines, but it will take several weeks to analyze the data completely. My belief is that both the steel workers and the steel industry were thoroughly familiar with the wage guidelines, and their beliefs are that the guidelines have been honored. But I don't have the ability, at this point, pending an analysis, to make a final judgment on it. FEDERAL AID FOR PENNSYLVANIA CITIES Q. Mr. President, some people in Philadelphia think you turned your back on the city this year. You haven't visited there since 1976. You have closed such installations as the Frankfort arsenal. The mayor, Bill Green, says your budget cuts will cost the city $40 to $50 million. And now the mayor is endorsing your opponent there, Ted Kennedy, and there is talk that you might even retaliate against the city later in other ways. How do you answer that kind of criticism? THE PRESIDENT. I think I can answer fairly well by saying this: In the first place, I am deeply grateful for what the Pennsylvania people have done for my administration: the advice, the counsel, the consultation-and the support, I might add parenthetically, that they gave me in 1976 at a crucial time. 725 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 When the hostages were seized, we were on the way toward going to Philadelphia for a townhall meeting, as you may know. It was already scheduled and was imminent. It is unfortunate that we couldn't go there. I have been to Pennsylvania many times since I have been PresidentI think 10 times for different reasons, ranging from the Three Mile Island incident to a blizzard in Pittsburgh, and for other reasons as well. I think it would be good to review just briefly some of the increases that we have given to Philadelphia just in the last 3 years. We have worked very closely with the local officials, in particular, throughout the country, and the overwhelming number of mayors in the Nation have endorsed me because of the close cooperation. And I think we have had a cooperative attitude even among mayors who were not politically supportive, both Bill Green and his predecessor. In Philadelphia, for instance, the EDA grants under my administration, compared to what they were previously, have gone up over 300 percent. The Small Business Administration grants have gone up over 240 percent. The mass transit grants have gone up 88 percent. On a statewide basis, those same figures-EDA grants, over 50 percent; small business grants, over about 75 percent; mass transit grants, more than 120 percent; highway grants to Pennsylvania, more than 130 percent. And the same would apply to Pittsburgh and other cities. We patterned our entire urban program after recommendations made by mayors themselves and, for that reason, the allocation of funds has grown and the cooperation that has existed has been extraordinary. I would never punish Philadelphia or any other city because the mayor or other officials did not endorse me politically. The two major city mayors who have endorsed my opponent were in Chicago and Philadelphia, but I would not let that interfere with my responsibility to the people of those two cities, who are my constituents as well. One of the most difficult battles that we had with the Congress and other interest groups was to put the Saratoga into Philadelphia for repairs. This preserves between 8,500 and 9,000 jobs and will probably add about 2,500 new jobs during this multihundred million dollar overhaul. And this is a very important matter. But I have never let any sort of political considerations affect my support for and service to people of a city and never will. Q. I understand that when you aid distressed cities to make up for inflation cuts, New York State is supposed to get $14 billion and Pennsylvania is only supposed to get $4 billion. Have you read those figures, and are you familiar with those figures? THE PRESIDENT. No, those figures are not accurate at all, but the additional amount of money we are advocating should come to-to come to the cities around the country-the $500 million extra above what the House and Senate budget committees have advocated would bring $14 million to Philadelphia alone$14 million. Q. $14 million? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. I have a similar question dealing with Scranton, the paper I'm representing today. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. Scranton, like a lot of cities, is worried about the budget cutting, both in your proposal and in the ones in Congress. They rely heavily on CETA. They have a large UDAG grant. T'hey are applying for funds for a major development downtown, and it may be stopped; they're not 726 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 sure. They also rely heavily, the city budget, on their share of State revenue sharing funds. There's a real possibility of a tax increase to supplement their income at a time when they're being hit by, like everyone, recession and inflation. I guess they're wondering and want me to ask you why you think, given all these problems, why should the budget be cut, especially at these times? THE PRESIDENT. We all share the same problems. I am in the same boat, as President, that your Governor's in-and the different mayors. I've been reading news stories recently, for instance, out of Philadelphia. I know Bill Green is desperately trying to cut budget expenditures in a fair and equitable way, and that's what I'm trying to do. We have given to the Congress a very well balanced proposal to bring about a balanced budget for 1981. My prediction to you is that the local and State officials who are concerned about-the same people who are concerned to me-will be up here before too many weeks go by, fighting for the administration proposal as a substitute for the proposals passed by either the House or the Senate budget committees, because our proposals do include substantial commitments to the kinds of programs that you just described. This would include, for instance, the $500 million that would be allocated, in addition to local revenue sharing, to cities of all sizes who have a special need. And the targeted assistance that we are now working to get in the 1980 budget, $250 million, will again go to the communities in our country, regardless of size, who are most adversely affected by the high interest rates and high inflation rates. We have a very fine record, I think, in the UDAG grants. This is a program that we initiated, and we have not cancelled the UDAG program. We have had to cut back to some degree, but I don't want to mislead anyone. I can't give you a commitment that no one will have to have a reduced allocation of Federal funds. We have to be cautious and united and have to show self-discipline in bringing about restraints on expenditures, in order to cut down the inflation rate. And it's a common approach that has to be shared by all Americans. But there will be people who want their own particular allocation of funds to be left untouched. Many of them may not want to vote for me because of the decisions I made. But when our Nation has a problem on housing or transportation, on agriculture, on steel, on coal, on cities, on any other element of our life, that the problem winds up here on this desk-and the same problems relate to national defense, the same problems relate to American hostages, the same problems relate to national security-the problems wind up on this desk, and I am the only person who is elected in this Nation that can match all those problems with possible solutions, tap the tremendous strength and resources of our Nation and make judgments accordingly. And I make my recommendations on budget matters to the Congress, and they act with their particular insight. But I can't promise you an easy solution to very difficult problems. It would be misleading. INTEREST RATES Q. You mentioned last night that part of your anti-inflation program was working. THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think so. Q. And it's a real problem in the Scranton area and other parts of the State, of course, and other parts of the country, in homebuilding, with the interest rates spiraling. Is there any progress 727 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 that you've seen yet in Pennsylvania and other States in that regard or that you see coming up? You mentioned, I think, something last night about the possibility of interest rates going back down. Do you know how soon and by how much? THE PRESIDENT. We think the interest rates, in general, peaked the 4th of April. The trends since then have been generally downward. Most of the interest rate reductions have preceded the prime rate and, in addition to that, we have increased substantially the federally assisted housing program for 1981 in the revised balanced budget proposal, an increase of 25 percent next year compared to this current year, a total of 300,000 federally assisted units. In addition, yesterday I announced that we would have, we would support, a program that would give us 100,000 more homes. That's a 10-percent increase, even above the rate that we're building homes now. That would be in addition to the 300,000 units I have just described to you. Getting the Federal Government out of the borrowing business and taking the pressure off revolving credit and other borrowers from a limited supply of funds will open up opportunities that have not previously existed to homebuilders and home buyers for that limited amount of financing. So, I think that all these actions that I've taken have been carefully designed to protect the homebuilding industryand small business and farmers, in particular-in tiding them over this high interest rate period. Q. What is the average rate of homeowner's loans going to be in another year, say? What is the interest rate people can count on if they want to buy a home, say, in the next year or two? THE PRESIDENT. I can't answer that question. We think the interest rates next year will be below the 10-percent level and what the-I mean that's inflation rate, excuse me. I don't know what the interest rates might be, but I noticed an article this morning in the Washington Post, that for the first time, home mortgage interest rates had dropped a half percentage point. This is a good trend in the right direction that's compatible with other trends in the broad financial markets. IRAN AND THE SOVIET UNION Q. Mr. President, how concerned are you that the economic and diplomatic sanctions against Iran and the military action, if it comes to that, will drive Iran into the Soviet orbit? And a second part of the question is, what would you do if Soviet troops, which are now on the border of Iran and more active, in larger numbers than usual, moved into Iran? THE PRESIDENT. We do have a concern, obviously, that Iran stay united and secure and free and independent as a nation. We share that desire with the people of Iran, even including those that have condoned the taking of our own hostages. We have cautioned Iran directly and through every possible intermediary about the adverse consequences on their own Government and on their own nation if they continue this act of international terrorism against the American hostages. This is a concern that's been expressed by the United Nations Security Council, unanimously, twice, by the International Court of Justice, and by the general world opinion. Now, of course, our allies are beginning to decide that because of the threat to their own interests and the supplies of oil from the Persian Gulf region, that they themselves should apply cautionary sanctions against Iran. I don't know what their actions will be next week. I don't think it would be appropriate for me to describe to you all the options 728 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 that we would have militarily if a Soviet invasion took place. It would be even more serious than was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and you know what our actions have been there, and you know the condemnation of the world has been aroused against the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union, in my opinion, would suffer very severe consequences of a broad kind if they should invade another country. SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY Q. Mr. President, if you're to defeat Ted Kennedy in Pennsylvania next Tuesday, and given the fact that John Anderson may run as an independent, and it seems that your likely Republican opponent will be Ronald Reagan and that he is growing in strength, do you think it might soon be appropriate for Ted Kennedy to get out of the race so that the party can bind up to face a stiff challenge in the fall? THE PRESIDENT. I don't have any way to influence what Senator Kennedy might do or might not do. What I've been doing this year, in addition to my regular duties and the extraordinary duties brought about by the Iran and Afghanistan crises, is to try to run the campaign as best I could-not in carefully selected States, but nationwide. Next Tuesday, we have Missouri and Vermont and Pennsylvania choosing delegates. We've done the best we could in all the primaries and caucus States so far, and this is the way I'll continue to do. But-I'd like very much to win Pennsylvania-but I can't predict it, because I've had to make some very unpopular and difficult choices in recent weeks, and I am familiar and deeply concerned about the same things that concern the Pennsylvania voter. But I can't predict what will happen after the Pennsylvania primary if I win or lose. My only source of information about Senator Kennedy's plans are from him, personally, and he says he will stay in the race until the end, and I presume he will. REPRESENTATIVE JOHN ANDERSON Q. Do you share the assessment of some of your supporters that an Anderson candidacy would hurt you more than it would hurt Mr. Reagan? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I personally think that the two-party system is the best approach. We've had a lot of third party candidates run in the past. I don't know, at least in my political memory, when they have had an effect on the outcome of the election. I noticed a CBS poll the other night on television that showed that with Anderson not in the race, and in the race, the relationship between me and Governor Reagan did not change. But the volatility of the American voter this year has been demonstrated time and time again, and I have no way to know what might be happening many months in the future. I also am not assuming that either Governor Reagan nor I will be the nominee. We've got a long way to go yet, and I think that we'll just have to wait and see. IRAN: MILITARY OPTIONS, THE SAFETY OF THE HOSTAGES, AND THE NATIONAL HONOR Q. Mr. President, one more question on Iran. Would you employ military force in that situation even if you knew you were endangering or, perhaps, would cost the hostages' lives? THE PRESIDENT. We have two interrelated concerns that can't be separated: One is to protect the national honor and the interest of the United States, and the other is to protect the lives of the hostages 729 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and to secure their freedom. And it's not possible in my own mind to separate those two, nor do I attempt to separate them. So far, we have been successful in two of those elements-protecting our Nation's honor and the lives of the hostages. We have been unsuccessful in gaining their freedom. This is a constant preoccupation of mine. I never spend a waking moment without being concerned about those hostages and their families. But I can't separate the two, one from another. Q. Are you saying there'll come a point where national honor is more important than the hostages' lives? THE PRESIDENT. What I have said isto you just then-I don't see how I could separate the two and say one is more important than the other. The hostages are in danger, and they have been in danger since the very beginning. There have been some very radical statements made by the militants in recent weeks, concerning the death of the hostages and so forth, that have not been contradicted immediately by either the Government officials or Ayatollah Khomeini. In the past, when the terrorists made some threat of that kind, either the President of the country or Khomeini have always immediately made a contradictory statement. That change in apparent attitude there concerns me deeply, but I am not predicting, of course, that the hostages will be killed or injured. I hope and pray that they won't. IRAN: EFFECTS ON THE PRESIDENT'S PRIMARY CAMPAIGN Q. Mr. President, from the reports I get from some of our local politiciansyou've had a number of them down at the White House and some on the phonesand I know this is the pattern that we've seen in other States where there are primaries, and we'd all agree that this is political activity and fair game. But it raises a question, I think, in the minds of the voters in Philadelphia-if you have time for that kind of political activity, why don't you have time to come out on the stump and sell your programs in person? THE PRESIDENT. There are many times when I have spare minutes or hours when there is no particular decision I have to make about international affairs or domestic affairs and, during those times, at my own convenience, I can place a few phone calls or many phone calls at the time and talk to people throughout the country. I do this and have done it ever since the first day I was in this office, not just during the campaign year. It's difficult for me to schedule ahead of time a full day's trip away from Washington, 3 weeks in advance or more, and then expect to keep those appointments. That's one element of the problem. The other one is I consider this Nation to be in a state of crisis just as much today as it was in the first week in November when our hostages were captured. I'm the symbol of our country. We are trying to convince not only American people but also leaders of nations around the world that they should not forget that 53 American hostages are being held by terrorist kidnapers at this very moment and that their freedom is gone and that their lives are in danger. For me to resume campaigning as though no crisis existed and to resume business as usual as though the hostages were not in prison would be, I think, contrary to the best interests of the hostages. It's important for the world to know that Americans and the American President and the American Congress and the American news media and all of our allies and friends are deeply concerned about 730 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 these hostages, and that's another very important reason why I have not campaigned as I ordinarily would have, and as I would like to, and as would be very beneficial to me politically. It has certainly not helped me politically in the last few weeks or months to be away from Pennsylvania, where I could be campaigning among the people who are going to vote in the primary. Q. How many points do you think it would be, Mr. President, if you were to visit Pennsylvania over the last couple of months? Is that gaugeable? THE PRESIDENT. I hope good. In 1976 I was all over PennsylvaniaQ. Right. THE PRESIDENT in every mediumor large-size community, and on the farms, and in the bottom of the coal mines, and everywhere else. And I think it helped me a great deal to overcome what appeared to be an insurmountable obstacle at the beginning. So, it is obviously good for a candidate to be on the scene. But I just feel that I have to take that political sacrifice now in order to maintain my duties here to the hostages and to the country. Q. But might there come a time, if the situation persists through the fall campaign, that you might abandon that position? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I've always left that option open. And if a crisis should arrive in this Nation somewhere, and it requires the presence of the President, even tomorrow, I'll have to make a judgment accordingly. But just to resume normal activities, I believe, would be contrary to my concept of duty. RUPERT MURDOCH Q. While we're talking about the campaign, a couple of the editors who I was talking to before I came down mentioned recent stories about the loan to Murdoch. There's also a Senate committee thinking about holding hearings on this. Given the chronology of the loan being granted, how do you feel? I tried to see if you had commented on this before. I don't know what you have to say about this. Do you think there was politics involved? Are you concerned? Are you going to be doing anything about this? Are you just-would you rather wait and see what the Senate comes up with? THE PRESIDENT. At the time Mr. Murdoch came to visit me, I had never heard of any loan that might go to any business in which he was involved at all. And during the time he was with me, and subsequently, neither he nor anyone who represents him has ever mentioned any loan of any kind to me. And none of the people involved in the Eximbank decision consulted with me on any loan for Mr. Murdoch, and I have never advocated any loans for Mr. Murdoch or for any other person with whom I am acquainted under these circumstances. MR. POWELL.1 Maybe one more question. SENATOR KENNEDY AND THE DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION Q. Senator Kennedy's people have spoken of a scenario at the convention where they come into the convention and try to change the convention rules and swing your delegates to their side. Have you heard of and thought of this script? THE PRESIDENT. I've heard of it. I hadn't thought much about it. I am a Democrat, and I've always voted for Democrats, and if I'm not the nominee I intend to support the Democratic nomi1Jody Powell, Press Secretary to the President. 731 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 nee. It does concern me that Senator Kennedy has refused to say that he would support me and Fritz Mondale if we are the nominees of the party. It also concerns me that Senator Kennedy said that he would not abide by the rules of the party, which have been evolved over 10 or 12 years of a massive reform effort long before I got involved, became involved, in public affairs at the national level. For a candidate to say that he will disrupt the convention, try to change the basic rules of the electoral nominating procedure, subvert the will of the voters of States like Pennsylvania who will decide how many delegates I get and how many the other opponents get is, I think, a mistake. I don't know if he will go through with it should the occasion arise, but that's his present plan as expressed through the news media, and I don't believe the Democrats will permit that kind of thing to happen. I saw a similar situation arise in 1968, when Vice President Humphrey got a majority of the delegates and the nomination, but because of the divisive nature of the convention, it was very difficult for him to mount an adequate campaign with a unified party and with the support of former Senator Gene McCarthy and others who had challenged him at the convention. That's what we would like to avoid at the time of this convention, and if Senator Kennedy or someone else should get more delegates than I, my hope would be to unite the party and to face the challenge of the Republican opposition in November, and I would hope that he would do the same. His statements to the contrary do cause me concern. STEEL INDUSTRY Q. Mr. President, I know Milt asked you about steel trigger pricing, and I think you answered, but I am not sure if I do understand. Are you considering reimposing that, if that's the right word? I'm sorry. Milt knows much more about this than I do. Did I fail to understand something you said or is there something stirring on this? THE PRESIDENT. Well, we evolved the trigger price mechanism at the urging of and with the cooperation of the steel industryQ. Right. I understand. THE PRESIDENT. and the steel workers themselves, as a substitute for the antidumping effort that they were contemplating early in my administration. Q. Right, right. THE PRESIDENT. We notified U.S. Steel, the primary one, that if the antidumping suits were filed, that it would not be feasible to continue both trigger price mechanisms and antidumping suit efforts at the same time. As you know, now, the Commerce Department has certified the legitimacy of the antidumping suits, and we are now working with the U.S. steel industry to prevent further dumping of European steel in the American market. If the court should throw out that suit because it fails, or if U.S. Steel should withdraw the suit, we will immediately reinstitute the trigger price mechanism to prevent dumping of European steel in the American markets. I might point out one other thing. Q. All right. I'm glad I asked. THE PRESIDENT. The present antidumping suit and procedure being followed by U.S. Steel is under the expedited procedures that were negotiated primarily by Bob Strauss, when he was the Special Trade Representative. So, my administration has consistently supported the prevention of dumping, and I think, recently in Pittsburgh, the president of U.S. Steel certified exactly what I have just told you, that it's a cooperative effort and 732 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 that he's well satisfied with the past and present commitment of this administration of preventing dumping of foreign steel in this country. Thank you all very much. NOTE: The interview began at 2 p.m. in the Oval Office. Participants were Sandy Grady, Philadelphia Bulletin, Paul Taylor, Philadelphia Inquirer, Ted Knap, Pittsburgh Press (Scrips-Howard News Service), Milton Jaques, Pittsburgh Post Gazette, and Dan Haar, Scranton Times. The transcript of the interview was released on April 21. Interview With the President Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters From the Westinghouse Broadcasting Company, Inc. April 18, 1980 PRESIDENTIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND THE CAMPAIGN MR. UDWIN. Mr. President, as the recession worsens and as the situation in Iran perhaps also becomes more dangerous, when does the point arrive when it's more important to the American people in the primary States, including Pennsylvania, for you to be out there speaking to them directly than to follow your policy of staying in the White House and not campaigning until the hostages are released? THE PRESIDENT. We've got an extraordinary collection now, unfortunately, of both domestic and foreign policy matters that are extremely important to our country. In many ways they are interrelated. The Iranian hostages crisis, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan threatens the Mideast and the Persian Gulf region, from which comes a lot of our energy, our oil, and the oil prices, that more than doubled last year, have a direct impact on the in flation rate here and, therefore, interests rates. So, I think that it's good for the American people to remember two things. One is that during a time of crisis there is only one spokesman for our Nation. To me, this day the holding of 53 Americans as hostages by terrorist kidnapers is just as much a crisis as it was the first of November, when they were captured, and it's important for the American people and the rest of the world to know that we are not going back to business as usual and that this Nation is in a state of crisis, determined to get those hostages home. Secondly, it's important for the American people to realize that almost all of the problems and complications that address our society today eventually wind up on my desk in the Oval Office. And I think it's important for the American people to realize that I'm there on the job, working with not only foreign allies on international affairs but also with the Congress, with the steel industry, with the coal industry, with the housing industry, with the automobile industry and others who come into the White House, in a concentrated fashion, to help me work out solutions to these problems. So, as long as these crises do exist, I think it's better for me to stay here and not revert back to business as usual. The last point I'd like to make in answer to that question is it hurts me politically not to be out there, where I would love to be, campaigning among the communities and among the people who are going to be voting and are already voting in the primary elections. It's obviously preferable for a candidate to be there. I don't know how much this cost me in votes and delegates, but I think at this time it's better for me to take that political sacrifice, accept fewer votes and fewer delegates, in order to carry out my duties as President. 733 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 IRAN: PAST U.S. RELATIONS M4R. UDWIN. Mr. President, is there no acceptable way for the United States perhaps to sacrifice some pride and to say something or do something regarding the situation in Iran to acknowledge misbehavior, or whatever it would be, by the United States in the past, that even though it might hurt our national pride temporarily, it might achieve the release of the hostages and perhaps do the greater good of keeping us out of, potentially, even a war? THE PRESIDENT. I don't think anybody could have been more patient or more understanding or more determined to explore every possibility of getting our hostages released than I have. If I've been criticized most for any one aspect of the Iranian crisis, it's being too patient and too understanding, not only of terrorists who are now holding kidnaped victims who are innocent but also, recently, of a government of a nation, unprecedented in human history, who actually condone and support this act of international terrorism. There have obviously been mistakes made in the past in dealing with Iran. We've made mistakes in dealing with all nations on Earth, and they've made mistakes in dealing with us. It's inevitable in complicated international affairs. But I am not going to apologize to a group of terrorists who have besmirched our own Nation and violated every standard of international decency and international law. To bring our Nation to its knees for a false apology is something that I will never do. ADMINISTRATION'S ECONOMIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS MR. BURNS. Mr. President, I'd like to take you back onto the political trail. Many of the voters in Pittsburgh are asking-and primary day is on Tuesdaythey're asking that with the inflation going sky high, the economy in a tailspin, thousands out of work, and us looking less than lustrous overseas, why should you be reelected as the President. THE PRESIDENT. I think we've made outstanding progress in the last 3 years in our international affairs and also domestically. I'd like to remind you of the circumstances that existed in Pittsburgh area 3 years ago, when I first came into office. The U.S. steel industry was in a debilitated condition. The utilization of steel plants in this country then was much less than 80 percent, about 78 percent; today the steel industry is utilizing 88 or 89 percent of its capacity. In 1977, the first year I was in office, the total profit of the entire steel industry was just a few tens of millions of dollars, less than $30 million; this past year the profits of the steel industry-$1.3 billion, a tremendous increase. In 1977 steel imports were 2 million tons more than they were last year. We do have problems with the steel industry, but we've made tremendous progress. Another point: on employment, we have added 9 million net new jobs in this country since I've been in office, 430,000 of those in Pennsylvania alone, almost a 10-percent increase in employment in Pennsylvania. The agricultural industry has been improved. We have averaged so far, in this first 3 years, almost 2 million homes constructed per year, an unprecedented achievement for 3 years running. We do have very serious problems-I don't want to mislead anyone-with high inflation and, therefore, high interest rates. We have now put forward an antiinflation program, very carefully designed, 734 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 not to mislead the American people and to protect those that are most dependent on government. This is a worldwide problem, high inflation. It's brought about by the fact that in 1979 energy prices, primarily OPEC oil prices, increased 120 percent, more in 1 year's time than had been the case in all the time since oil was first discovered in Pennsylvania at the very initiation of the oil age. So, we are trying to accommodate these shocks to our economy as best we can. It's necessary for us to act together. We have recently seen the beginning of a downturn in interest rates. And if OPEC price increases will just be moderately high this year, like 20 percent, and if we can bring home mortgage rates down just 2 percent, which is a very reasonable expectation, then in the next 2 or 3 months we'll see a substantial reduction in the inflation rate, maybe 8 or 10 percent, with interest rates coming down behind them. But we've got to go through a period of transition here from extraordinary, high inflation and interest rates, brought about by OPEC oil prices, down to a stable rate where we can rejuvenate our economy, which is already hurt, but still surprisingly strong in spite of these problems. RECESSION MR. BURNS. Do you feel we are actually in the recession now, Mr. President? THE PRESIDENT. I think the first stages of it. A technical definition of a recession is when you have two succeeding quarters with a negative growth. We've not had two succeeding quarters with a negative growth. In fact, we had a small positive growth even last quarter. But all of my economists think that we're in the initial stages of a slight recessionary period. This is unfortunate, and my heart goes out to people who are in certain in dustries that are being severely hurt. But I think it's a transition period, that we hope will be brief and will let us get inflation under control and keep our economy strong. STEEL INDUSTRY AND ANTIDUMPING SUITS MR. BURNS. Mr. President, I'd like to take you back for a moment to the steel business. THE PRESIDENT. Good. MR. BURNS. You were speaking of what your administration has done for the steel business. Well, steel industry leaders seem to disagree with you and appear at some times to even be angry, now with the trigger price system being abolished by your administration. And back in a Pittsburgh suburb, Aliquippa, in 1978 you said, "We have put the trigger price system into effect, and we're not going to have to worry about that anymore." THE PRESIDENT. Yes. MR. BURNS. Now, many of the leaders of the steel industry feel that you abolished the trigger price system out of disliking U.S. Steel's filing suit on the dumping charges. THE PRESIDENT. No, that's not true at all. In 1977 we were faced with a rash of antidumping suits. My administration was absolutely determined to reduce the amount of steel dumped in the American markets by European manufacturers. We met with the steel industry, both the manufacturers and the steel workers, and very carefuilly worked out the trigger price mechkaism as a substitute for the antidumping suits. In the last few months U.S. Steel, the only company in the country, decided to reinstitute those same antidumping suits. That's their right under the law. We informed them ahead of time, many weeks ahead of time, that we would rather work 735 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 out this dumping problem with the trigger price mechanism instead of the antidumping suits. They decided to go ahead. It's inconceivable, impractical to have both the antidumping suit with my administration giving full support to it, and also have the trigger price mechanism at the same time. We have encouraged the Commerce Department to help with the antidumping effort, and the Secretary of Commerce has confirmed the fact that there is justification for the antidumping suits. We are now working very closely with U.S. Steel, as a matter of fact, in Pittsburgh last week, in the presence of Bob Strauss and others. The president of U.S. Steel confirmed the fact that the Carter administration was working very closely with the steel industry in the antidumping suits now to try to hold down dumping. MR. BURNS. That was Mr. Roderick. THE PRESIDENT. That's right. He said this himself. If something should happen in the next few weeks or months, if U.S. Steel should withdraw its suits or if the courts should find that the suits are not well founded, we would immediately go back to the trigger price mechanism to protect this country against dumping. I might add one other thing. If the antidumping suits go ahead, then it's proceeding under an expedited procedure, put into effect by Bob Strauss when he was our special trade negotiator, to let this dumping be stopped as quickly as possible in the Federal courts. So, we are cooperating completely with the steel industry to hold down foreign imports into this country and particularly to prevent dumping of steel in this Nation below its cost of production in Europe. PHILADELPHIA AND MAYOR BILL GREEN MR. SHEERAN. Mr. President, I'd like to take you across the State, to Philadel phia. Does Bill Green's endorsement of Senator Kennedy annoy you or bother you or upset you? THE PRESIDENT. No. MR. SHEERAN. Does it mean anything? THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously when a very popular man like Bill Green endorses an opponent, it causes me concern. I would prefer that he endorse me. There have been two major city mayors that have endorsed my opponent; one was Mayor Byrne in Chicago, and the other is Bill Green in Philadelphia. The people of Philadelphia and Chicago are my constituents just as much as they are Bill Green's or your Governor's. I'm concerned about them. In this last 3 years, since I've been in office, we've not had the strong support even of Bill Green's predecessor, as you know. But we've had an extraordinary increase in economic development funds for Philadelphia, mass transit funds for Philadelphia, small business loans for Philadelphia, transportation funds for Philadelphia. We've not let Philadelphia suffer, and we will not. MR. SHEERAN. Will they stop because of Bill Green's endorsement of Senator Kennedy? THE PRESIDENT. Absolutely not. MR. SHEERAN. You're not going to take any umbrage? THE PRESIDENT. No, sir. POLICY DIFFERENCES WITH SENATOR KENNEDY MR. SHEERAN. Your commercials in the campaign, they seem to be focusing on Senator Kennedy's character and not the accomplishments of your administration. Why is that? THE PRESIDENT. I don't believe that's the case. Now, there is a necessity in a political campaign to point out the differences between two candidates. I don't 736 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 believe that we have referred to Senator Kennedy's character at all. MR. SHEERAN. I mean indirectly. THE PRESIDENT. Well, there is a legitimate duty that I have, as an incumbent and also as a candidate, to point out the differences between us. I'll take a quick example on the inflation rate. Senator Kennedy advocates a procedure of wage and price controls that will not work. It will never get through the Congress. There is no responsible group of Members of the House or Senate that think that wage and price control authority can get through the Congress. It's a ridiculous proposal. Senator Kennedy himself would tell you, you cannot control the price of imported oil or energy, you cannot control the price of food, you cannot control the interest rate charges and other basic necessities of life. One thing that you can control is wages, under a law, a wage and price mandatory law; you can control wages. And if the average working family in Philadelphia or throughout this country has their wages frozen and do not have all the necessities of life, prices frozen, that's the very family that will suffer, and for us to point that out is legitimate. There's one more point I'd like to make on this inflation issue. We have advocated a. balanced budget. Senator Kennedy is w ell known as the largest spender perhaps in the history of the United States Senate, arnd the only reductions in expenditure that I know he has advocated is cuts in the defe nse budget. This is exactly the wrong time to cut our Nation's ability to defend itself, with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and with the Iranian question as well. We need to strengthen our Nation's defenses within the bounds of a balanced budget and giving very careful attention to those \who need it. So, it's' a legitimate political duty that I have to point out those kinds of differences between me and my major opponent. SENATOR KENNEDY AND THE DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION MR. UDWIN. Mr. President, Senator Kennedy's advisers sound as though they've pretty much made up their mind that they'll go to the floor of the convention this summer even without nearly having a majority of the delegates-in other words, that you would have thembut that they would be prepared to wage a divisive floor fight, to split the loyalties, first, of individual delegates to where a delegate might have a natural inclination to be quite liberal, as we perceive Senator Kennedy to be, but would be pledged to and planning to support you. and that this might be an avenue, through credentials fights or other ways, to keep alive a contest against you. Do you think that that is a likelihood? Are you preparing for it? And do you even see a more sinister possible purpose to where he would be willing to wage that kind of a fight, which could cost you, the nominee, eventually the Presidency, but leave him perhaps ready to inherit the party for 1984? THE PRESIDENT. I've seen these reports that Senator Kennedy would not abide by the decisions made in the primaries, like in Pennsylvania or the caucus States, but would try to subvert the present rules and overthrow the procedures when the convention meets in New York. These Democratic Party rules are the result of about 10 years, at least, of reform to make sure that the convention members, the delegates, actually and accurately represent the desires of the people back home who elected them. Most of these reforms were instituted long before 737 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I became President, long before I even got involved in national politics. And for any candidate to say ahead of time, which apparently Senator Kennedy and his advisers have, that he'll try to overthrow this entire procedure just because he did not get a majority of the delegate votes, I think it's contrary to the best interests of the party. I saw this happen in 1968, when Hubert Humphrey had a majority of the delegates going in and coming out of the convention in Chicago. Gene McCarthy and others tried to disrupt the convention and to take away the nomination from Senator Humphrey. They did not succeed. But when Senator Humphrey came out of that divided convention with the nomination, he was so wounded by a divided party that he was not able to win the election, and Richard Nixon became President. This could happen coming out of the convention, in New York, if there is a deliberate disruption of the procedures. Another thing that concerns me very much about the existing situation is that Senator Kennedy has refused to say that he would support me and Fritz Mondale in the November election even if we get the nomination. This doesn't help the Democratic Party; it obviously helps the Republican prospects for victory in November. I am willing, eager to support the Democratic nominee in November, no matter who it is. I have never in my life voted for a Republican, and I don't intend to. And I know that what the Democratic Party stands for, regardless of the identity of the nominee if he's chosen at the convention, represents more accurately what I want than a Republican Party that might be headed by Ronald Reagan. So, Senator Kennedy's refusal to abide by the present rules of the Democratic nominating process and his refusal to say that he will support me and Fritz Mondale if we get the nomination those two facts do concern me very much. REPRESENTATIVE JOHN ANDERSON MR. UDWIN. Speaking, Mr. President, of candidates who may not be willing to support the choice of their party, apparently Congressman John Anderson, a Republican, is about to become an independent candidate for the Presidency, presumably not winning the nomination from Ronald Reagan. The conventional wisdom in this town and it has been wrong before-is that it would take more votes away from the Democratic candidate for such a candidacy than from the Republican. How do you feel about it, and what can you do about it? THE PRESIDENT. I think anybody in this election year who tries to predict a week ahead of time what's going to happen is really kind of foolhardy. I don't think the electorate has ever been more volatile and quick to change their opinion than has been evidenced this year. I don't know what Congressman Anderson will do. The history of our Nation, certainly in my memory, has been that those third-party type candidacies, after somebody has been unsuccessful in the two major parties, have not been successful at the beginning and, secondly, have not changed the outcome of the general election. I don't know what will happen this year, but I don't want to worry about that. MR. UDWIN. You don't accept the idea it would hurt you more than Ronald Reagan, let's say? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I was watching, I think, one of the news broadcasts the other night, I think a New York Times/ CBS poll. And of course polls change 738 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 every week. But it did show that with Anderson in the race and with Anderson out of the race, there was no change at all between the outcome between myself and Governor Reagan if we should be the candidates. PENNSYLVANIA PRIMARY MR. SHEERAN. You said earlier that by staying in the White House, it hurts you. Does it hurt you enough to lose Pennsylvania? THE PRESIDENT. That may be the case. But even if I lose an important and major State like Pennsylvania by not abandoning my duties here in the White House and going out to campaign, as I would love to do, I will just have to take that. MR. SHEERAN. I get the feeling that you may have resigned yourself to losing Pennsylvania. THE PRESIDENT. Well, I hope I don't lose, and we're doing the best we can to win. MR. SHEERAN. Am I getting the wrong feeling, or do you think you're going to lose? THE PRESIDENT. It looks very close, and I can't predict the outcome. SENATOR KENNEDY MR. BURNS. Mr. President, in your statement were you inferring that Senator Kennedy in his primary campaign is playing dirty pool or even dirty tricks, so to speak? THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't think so. MR. BURNS. Then you were referring to what he might attempt to do at the convention, I suppose. THE PRESIDENT. Well, those are reports that have been widely disseminated by his own people, and I was responding to a question asked. I hope that he won't go through with that kind of plan. Nothing would please me better than to have the Senator state today, "I will abide by the rules of the Democratic Party, and I will support the nominee chosen by the convention." I think that would put all these kind of rumors and uncertainties and problems aside. That would be my preference. PENNSYLVANIA PRIMARY MR. BURNS. How much importance do you put in the Pennsylvania primary, Mr. President? THE PRESIDENT. I know how important it was to me in 1976. In fact, I lived in Pennsylvania for a long time, and all of my supporters and relatives, even large numbers of people from Georgia, came up to help me there. And I would say that it was one of the turning points of the 1976 campaign. It's important this time. Pennsylvania is a large bellwether State, and the people are intensely interested in issues. It's fairly representative of the rest of the, Nation, and what happens there will be very significant, even beyond the difference in the delegates. So, I would love to win, but I cannot predict that I will win. I might say that I have had to make some very difficult and controversial and even unpopular decisions in recent weeks, and that will have an effect, too. MR. SHEERAN. Do you think if Senator Kennedy wins in Pennsylvania, that will change his whole campaign around and give him the so-called momentum? THE PRESIDENT. It's hard to say. I won overwhelmingly in Chicago; it didn't help me much in New York the next week. [Laughter] And as you know, Senator Kennedy won overwhelmingly in New York; it didn't help him much in Wiscon 739 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 sin and Kansas the following week. So, I think it's too rapidly changeable a year to predict that. MR. SHEERAN. What about Philadelphia itself? Does Bill Green's endorsement mean any votes, or is it just a headline? THE PRESIDENT. No, I would guess it would mean votes. MR. SHEERAN. Do you think it will mean the difference in Philadelphia between you and the Senator? THE PRESIDENT. We're not giving up there. We're doing the best we can there. But I don't have any polling data or specific information about what might be the trend in Philadelphia. I would hope that people would listen to this broadcast and make a decision to vote for me. [Laughter] MR. SHEERAN. The early polls seemed,to have you ahead, and then things have turned around. Do you think it's people reacting to what you're doing here or reactin g to the Senator's campaigning there, or why' has he pulled up, in other words? He seem s to be doing a lot better in Pennsylvania. THE PRESIDENT. There are things that are happening that affect people's lives that are not pleasant: our hostages are being held, the Soviets in Afghanistan, the inflation rate is hig.h, the interest rates are high. Those things obviously do not help an incumbent, no matter how hard he might try to solve theste problems. They are difficult problems. Thcre are not easy, cheap, quick answers, and l't's misleading to insinuate that there are. And also, it obviously helps fcor a candidate as attractive as Senator Keiinedy to be spending 10 or 12 days in the pthiladelphia area expressing his views and having contact with people personally. MR. SHEERAN. Don't you feel helpless, though? He's out there, andTHE PRESIDENT. I would rather be out there. PUBLIC OPINION POLLS MR. BURNS. Mr. President, just how much do the polls affect you personally, particularly if they're unfavorable? Do you allow that to bug you? THE PRESIDENT. No. MR. BURNS. No? THE PRESIDENT. NO. I never have lost any sleep at all, even over matters much more important than public opinion polls. I've just done the best I could, made decisions whether they were popular or not, and so far, have done well in politics. Nobody predicted that my declaring a grain embargo against the Soviet Union and reducing American exports 17 million tons just a few days before the Iowa caucuses would help me in the farming areas. It was not an easy thing for me to do. But in general, I believe the American people, so far this year, have understood my problems and that they are their problems, have understood the difficulty of these times, which we all share, have confidence in the strength of our Nation, in the long run, and believe that I'm doing the best I can and the Congress is doing the best it can to resolve these questions with a minimum adverse effect on the American people. That's all I can hope for, and so far, I've not been disappointed. IRAN: COMMITMENTS TO PROTECT THE AMERICAN EMBASSY MR. BURNS. Mr. President, getting back to Iran then for just a moment, at the time that the decision was being made to allow the Shah to come to the United States for medical treatment, were any steps taken to perhaps evacuate or beef up the guard at the United States Embassy in Tehran? Was anything done about the Emb:assy at that time, when you were thinking of allowing the Shah back in this country? THlm PRESIDENT. Yes. A year before the 740 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 Shah came to this country, we had over a thousand people assigned to the Embassy in Tehran; it was one of the largest embassies in the world. After the Shah was overthrown by the revolution, we reduced that number down, as you know, to 53 when the hostages were captured. And we also went in and completely renovated the Embassy and strengthened it considerably. There is no embassy in the world built like a fortress enough to withstand an armed attack unless you have the protection of the foreign country where the Embassy is located. We had direct commitments, even after the Shah came to this country for medical treatment, from the Prime Minister of Iran and from the Foreign Minister of Iran that our Embassy would be defended. And on that basis, we were surprised, but we were not able to defend the Embassy when the attackers took it.and the Government, in effect, looked the other way. Recently there's been a different circumstance, where these terrorists have offered to let the hostages be released to the Government, and the Government, in effect, has refused to accept them because they could not get a unanimous vote. So, in effect, now you have the legitimate constitutional Government of Iran officially condoning and even supporting this international act of terrorism. This is what concerns us so deeply. But we did the best we could, with a careful and reasonable approach, to minimize the prospect of the hostages being taken and the Embassy taken over, but we could not defend it with the support of the Government going to the terrorists instead of protecting us as they should have. IRAN: NUMBER OF AMERICAN HOSTAGES MR. BURNS. You mentioned 53, Mr. President. There are only 50 in the Embassy itself, are there not? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. There are 50 in the Embassy, and 3 others are in their state department, their Foreign Ministry. IRAN: U.S. RELATIONS AND RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES MR. UDWIN. Mr. President, are there times when you try to read the minds of those who are holding our hostages and figure what is it they really hope and actually believe that they could achieve at this stage? What do you come up with when you try to do that? And do you believe that these hostages will come out of there alive? THE PRESIDENT. I pray several times a day that the hostages will survive and be returned to freedom. Iran is a fractured country. The President of Iran, the Foreign Minister of Iran want the hostages released, because they want to repair what's happening in Iran to their own country. The Ayatollah Khomeini does not want the hostages released. I've had several reports lately that he says that -the hostages would not be released until after this election year is over in the United States. Other officials in the Revolutionary Council have said that the hostages would not be considered for release until July or August. As you know, they are delaying even the election of their parliament, which will ultimately make the decision. So, you have a range of people who want to get the hostages out now and who did not think they should ever be released, including their own President, and you have other people who do not want the hostages to be released within the next 5 or 6 months. MR. UDWIN. What do you think they could have in mind at this stage? THE PRESIDENT. There's an intense hatred of the United States of America 741 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 itself, brought about by the last 30 years of administration by the Shah, who was a friend of our country during all those years, beginning even when President Eisenhower was in office. And I think that burning hatred of the United States and of the Shah is combined in the minds of some, like the Ayatollah Khomeini. These terrorists inside our Embassy compound are followers of his, and I would guess that among the couple of hundred who are involved now in the holding of our hostages, there would be differences of opinion among them. We derive every possible degree of information and advice and counsel among professors and former residents of Iran who specialize in Islamic thinking and in the Iranian attitudes, to try to pattern my own actions. And I have spent hundreds of hours, literally, studying Iran and the composition of its people and the religious and political attitudes, the character of specific people who are involved, so that I could make the proper judgments accordingly. MR. SHEERAN. Are you sorry you didn't go in militarily right away? THE PRESIDENT. No. MR. SHEERAN. Right afterTHE PRESIDENT. No. We've gone through a period of giving Iran every possible opportunity to resolve this crisis without bloodshed and without military action. We've been patient, exceptionally patient. On occasion we have had direct, unequivocal promises that the hostages would be turned over to the Government and later released, even from the Revolutionary Council and the terrorists and the President, all at the same time. But then the Ayatollah Khomeini reversed all of them and refused to release the hostages. THE PRESIDENT'S LEADERSHIP RATING MR. SHEERAN. One light question-a lot of us have seen Bo Derek's movie, "10." Have you? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I have. MR. SHEERAN. Okay, how do you give yourself a rating, 1 to 10 —[laughter] —in leadership? What number are you? THE PRESIDENT. I would rather not answer that question that way. MR. SHEERAN. You'd rather not? THE PRESIDENT. No. I'm not a completely unbiased analyst-[laughter]-and I think my assessment of what we have done under difficult circumstances would probably be higher than the average, and it would probably not be completely accurate. But I think we've done a good job. MR. SHEERAN. You're not going to claim a 10, though? THE PRESIDENT. No, but I would claim that we've done the best we could. MR. UDWIN. Thank you, Mr. President. NOTE: The interview began at 2:40 p.m. in the Map Room at the White House. Participants were Gerald E. Udwin, bureau chief of the Washington, D.C., news bureau, Bill Burns of KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, Pa., and Dick Sheeran of KYW-TV in Philadelphia, Pa., all from the Westinghouse Broadcasting Company, Inc. The transcript of the interview was released on April 21. Interview With the President Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters From Pennsylvania. April 19, 1980 INFLATION AND INTEREST RATES Q. I have a couple questions from a man on our staff who specializes in the economy, and I must apologize-you 742 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 know how these economic types are-they are long questions. At the press conference on Thursday, you said that soaring inflation and extremely high interest rates were brought about almost entirely by worldwide escalating oil prices. The overwhelming majority of private sector economists and many government economists have said the OPEC increases are simply a smokescreen and that the administration is doing nothing to improve America's lagging productivity, which is commonly held to be the major cause of soaring inflation. Excluding energy, food, and housing costs, inflation is still running at about 9 percent, which Federal Reserve Board people say is entirely too high. What is your opinion? THE PRESIDENT. I agree there is a lot of difference between a 8- or 9-percent level and the 18 percent that we have experienced. The energy inflation rate at this point, even after OPEC price increases have not been very high the last few months, is still running 90 percent per year. And it is obvious that energy has an impact on the economy that is far greater than just the price of oil or its direct products like gasoline, because petroleum products permeate the entire economic structure of our Nation. They contribute to higher fuel costs, high transportation costs, higher production costs for any product that uses petroleum as a basic raw material. My own Chairman of the Economic Advisers says that mortgage interest rates and energy comprise about 8 or 9 percent of the total inflation rate that we are experiencing now. And he also states that if we can hold OPEC price increases in 1980 down to a 20-percent increase, which is still a substantial increase, and cut mortgage interest rates 2 percent, that we are likely to have an 8- to 10-percent reduction in the inflation rate later on in the summer. So, there is no doubt that other factors are involved and that we do have an underlying inflation rate of around 8 or 9 percent, which is too high. But at least that is not a devastating inflation rate as contrasted with the 18 percent that we presently experience and the 19 percent interest rate. I noticed that mortgage interest rates dropped a half percent this week in the Washington area and, as you know, the prime bank rate yesterday dropped from 20 percent down to 19V/2. This is a good trend in the right direction. We hope it will be maintained, but that is no guarantee that it will. THREE MILE ISLAND Q. Up around our way, Three Mile Island is a formidable piece of our lives every day, as you well know. Are you willing to cut through the redtape which exists-Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of Energy-making available to us people like Harold Denton, whom you made available before? You know how the Oak Ridge and Argonne laboratories, which are under the DOE, sort of have been creating an interdepartmental task force to let us clean up this mess and get back to normal living again. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know, since the Three Mile Island accident occurred, I have been quite active in trying to do everything possible to understand the subject and also to act where necessary. I went into the Three Mile Island area and into the control room itself immediately after the accident to learn and to demonstrate that there was no immediate threat to the people who lived 743 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 there when there was deep concern among the people, understandably. Following that, I appointed the Kemeny Commission to look into all aspects of the Three Mile Island accident, and also nuclear power generation throughout the country, and they made more than 40 recommendations to me that I have begun to implement. Part of that implementation is to reorganize the Nuclear Regulatory Commission so that it can be more effective in the future, and that reorganization plan is now before the Congress. They will act within the next few weeks, and my belief is that they will act affirmatively on my recommendations. We have put, as the paramount issue above everything else, the safety and the health of the people in the area and, along with that, of course, a commitment to tell them the truth-not to let there be any misleading statements made by any, either Federal or private, entity. The Environmental Protection Agency is representing me in making sure that any action taken is safe and well-advised. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission itself, as you know, is an independent agency over which I do not have direct control. But I think that what we have learned from the Three Mile Island accident will not only help people in Pennsylvania be more safe in the future, but I don't have any doubt that it will affect not only our own Nation, in every State, but the world has learned that nuclear power must be made safer in its design, the building, the operation, and the maintenance and the supervision of all nuclear powerplants. I think we have moved effectively so far, and I can tell you and the people who live in your area that we will continue to, under my direct observation and under my control, as much as the law will permit. Q. Well, our problem right now, sir, is almost more acute than it was at the time you visited the plant. The venting of the krypton-80 gas has become a major issue. Mr. Denton, whom you so kindly sent up then, is about the only calming force-we call him a combination of Sam Ervin and Catfish Hunter. THE PRESIDENT. Well, he was my immediate adviser in the immediate aftermath of the accident, and now he is representing, still, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. And the Environmental Protection Agency, Doug Costle, represents me officially and legally in making sure that any action is the safest and the surest to protect all those around that area. Q. There would be no objection if they had to call in the Energy people? THE PRESIDENT. No objection at all. Any people that are involved directly or indirectly are being coordinated now much more effectively than in the past. IRAN: HISTORICAL PARALLELS, THE SAFETY OF THE HOSTAGES, AND THE NATIONAL HONqOR Q. Mr. President, turning for a minute to Iran, I just wondered, as you assess what to do in Iran, do you draw upon any kind of historical parallels between either the Pueblo incident or the Mayaguez, and in light of the increasing calls for action on the part of your Republican opponent, is there going to be a point where the lives of the hostages might become less important than national honor? THE PRESIDENT. I have studied all the previous occurrences in my lifetime where American hostages have been taken-in Mongolia, when President Truman was in office, and the Mavayaguez incident under President Ford, and the Pueblo incident under President Johnson-to learn how they reacted and what the degree of success was, and also the legalities involved 744 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 in dealing with countries that either directly or indirectly participated in the holding of hostages. Until recently, the Government professed not to play a responsible role in the holding of the American hostages, that it was being done by-they call them students, I call them terrorists-who were not controlled by the Government. But in the more recent weeks, the terrorists themselves had announced they would turn over the hostages to the Revolutionary Council if it so demanded. At one time, the President and also the Chairman of the Revolutionary Council, Bani-Sadr, did announce early one morning, our time, that the hostages would be transferred to the Government control and that the militants and the Ayatollah Khomeini had agreed. Then two members of the Revolutionary Council decided to change their position, and the entire effort fell through, contrary to what we had expected. This puts the Government directly involved in condoning and supporting the holding of the hostages, since they have refused to accept the hostages when the militants offered to turn them over. The other part of your question about the relationship between our national interests, the national honor on the one hand, and the hostages' lives on the other has never been separated in my mind. The two are directly interrelated. If I should do anything to lessen the importance paid by us to the hostages' lives and safety and freedom, it would obviously be a reflection on our own Nation's principles, that we value a human life, we value human freedom, that we are a country with compassion, and that we are not callous about the value of the lives of those 53 hostages. So, I have never tried to separate what was best for the hostages on the one hand, from what is best for our country on the other, and I don't intend to. IRAN: AMERICAN MILITARY OPTIONS Q. What are the military options in Iran, other than a blockade, and are we close to war? THE PRESIDENT. No, we are not close to war. Ever since November the 20th, we have announced that we reserve the right to take whatever actions are available to us under international law. We are the subject, as a nation, through our Embassy, of invasion of American territory-the Embassy compound is American territory American nationals, citizens, have been captured by international terrorists. So, under international law, we have the right to act as we choose to redress those grievances, just as though our continental United States was invaded. I have so far been extremely patient, and I have been pleased and somewhat surprised at the patience of the American people because they know that the hostages' lives are at stake. Our assessments of possible military action ought not to be discussed directly and individually by me and specifically by me, but I think the statements that we have made ever since November have been that we would reserve the right, for instance, to interrupt commerce going to and from Iran. I think that is as far as I would like to go at this point. IRAN: TIMING FOR RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES Q. How did you find out that the hostages might be held until after the November elections, the story we are reading in today's paper? THE PRESIDENT. We have had reports from other nations, diplomats, that in 745 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 their conversations with Khomeini's closest advisers, he has stated that this was one of his objectives. And it now appears that the Iranian parliament may not even be having elections until maybe a month from now, the middle of May or even later. Following that, the parliament would have to be organized for the first time in Iran's history, and some of the clerics who are likely to control the Majles, as it is called, have stated that they would be in no hurry to consider the subject of the American hostages. What we are trying to do is to expedite this process in every possible way, through our own restraint or sanctions against Iran and through the actions that our allies might take as well. There will be decisions made among other countries, important trade partners of Iran and friends of ours, within the next week or 10 days, and I think if Iran sees that they are not only suffering from a breach with us, but face the prospect of being further and further isolated in the world from the other civilized nations, that this would be an additional factor that might induce them to act more quickly. IRAN: THE HOSTAGE SITUATION AND THE CAMPAIGN Q. Mr. President, in view of this report that the Ayatollah does intend to keep them captive until November, would this free you up for a bit of campaigning, let's say, before June 3d-California, Ohio, New Jersey? Also, would it free you or would you consider yourself able to leave the area for, say, an economic speech in a place like Detroit? THE PRESIDENT. I've never foreclosed the option at all of moving around the United States to carry out the duties of my office. I have refrained, and will for the foreseeable future, from carrying out-just assuming that the situation is normalQ. Yes. THE PRESIDENT. and as a partisan candidate. Q. That's why I separated the two. THE PRESIDENT. I know. Well, I have refrained from the latter. I have not foreclosed the option on the former for two reasons. One is that there's an extraordinary circumstance of very serious crises that afflict our Nation now-the Iranian crisis, which we've just covered, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the necessity for me to act as a world leader and coordinating, as best I can, America's relation with all other nations throughout the world who want to help us, in varying degrees of importance, the very high inflation rates and interest rates which are impacting adversely on our economy, the dealing with Congress on matters of supreme importance, like energy. These kinds of things, collectively, do require my presence here in the White House more than they have any time before in my Presidency, or maybe even in a few preceding Presidencies, at least. The other facet of the question is I am the only spokesman for our country, as its elected President, and it's important to me and to the hostages to have America continue to focus our attention on the plight of those hostages and convince the rest of the world that for us, at least, this is just as much a crisis as it was the first week they were captured. If I should resume business as usual, I don't think there's any doubt that the press and the American public and our European allies and others whom we are trying to get the support of, would assume that this is not really a very important matter anymore, that we are willing to accept the status quo and continued incarceration of the hostages. So, I want to keep this a major issue in the 746 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 consciousness of American people. If I assumed the role of a routine political candidate, then I think that would be deleterious to that goal. I might say that I recognize that, certainly at this point and for the last month or 6 weeks, it's been very harmful to me politically not to have been out campaigning in New York and Connecticut and Pennsylvania, obviously, and other States. I like to campaign. I would love to get away from here and shake hands and have townhall meetings and go into coal mines and just areas where people have an intense interest in politics. This would be very helpful to me. All of the political analysts, I presume almost all the news media, believe that this is a harmful thing now. It may have been that in January or February it was helpful to be the focus of the Government on the crisis. But I think lately, it's obvious that I'm losing votes and losing delegates that I could have gotten otherwise if I was an active candidate. But in my judgment, my duties require me to be here now, and I do not want to lessen the attention given to the hostages. U.S. RESPONSE TO THE SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN Q. Mr. President, on Afghanistan, can we look for more American cutoffs of sales of goods and technology to Russia in addition to boycotting the Olympics? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know, we've cut back 17 million tons of grain that the Soviets very badly needed, and we believe that they will only be able to replace maybe 5 or 6 million tons of that, which will leave them 10 or 12 million tons short. This will mean that the Soviets will be severely restrained on their production of all meat products. This grain was primarily to be used as feed for livestock. We have refused to let the Soviets fish in American waters, and they have a very heavy fishery commitment in the past. We have stopped the sale of all major products to the Soviet Union, like the construction of major plants, and any high technology equipment is forbidden to be sold to the Soviet Union much more strictly than it was in the past. In addition, we require an individual item approval now on equipment going, for instance, to the Soviet energy producing industry. And I think the greatest psychological blow to the Soviet Union will be an effective Olympics boycott. It is going to be-the Soviet people don't even know, through their Government, that 104 nations condemned the Soviets' invasion of Afghanistan and called for their withdrawal from Afghanistan. The Soviet people do not know that the world is expressing extreme displeasure against the Soviets' invasion and occupation of Afghanistan. It's going to be very difficult for the Soviets to explain the Olympic boycott, particularly if we are joined by other nations like Germany, France, Japan, China, and Canada. They may explain away an American absence from the boycott-I mean from the Olympics-as an expression of displeasure or a military action to eliminate detente and return to the cold war, but they cannot explain if 10, 20, 30, 50 nations join in the boycott. And so, I think that this combination of steps that we have taken has impressed the Soviet Union with the seriousness of their action. The other point is that the Soviets have also grossly underestimated the commitment and fighting capability of the Afghan freedom-fighters. The Soviets had anticipated a quick mop-up of any military opposition to their invasion, the es 747 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tablishment of a puppet government, and then, perhaps, a major withdrawal of Soviet troops in just a few weeks. That has not happened. As a matter of fact, the Soviets are at this moment still building up their military troops in Afghanistan and have conducted their operation with a gross violation of human rights, including some very horrible atrocities. So, the total combination of this effort is to convince the Soviets that they cannot invade another country with impunity, that the adverse consequences of this invasion are very serious. INFLATION AND PRODUCTIVITY Q. Mr. President, what has your administration actually done to get at the real cause of inflation, which many economists believe is lagging productivity? THE PRESIDENT. It's good to remember that the increase in productivity of our country has not continued, but the productivity of the American workers is still the highest in the world. This is a fact which is very seldom mentioned. We would like to see the rate of productivity continue to increase and for our economy to continue to grow. Ever since I've been in office, the American economy has always surprised us by its strength. And even though in November, December, January, February, almost all economists were predicting an immediate and quite severe recession, the figures, even in the last day or two, on the gross national product of our country indicate that the economy is still growing and not shrinking, as is the case in a recession for two succeeding quarters. But we do have indications now that are fairly certain that we are entering a recessionary period. We want to make sure that this recession, when and if it comes, will be mild and will be brief. What preys on my mind constantly is the adverse effect, the damage, to individual American people and their families by the consequences of inflation and the consequences of recession. The actions that I have taken with the full cooperation of the Congress to control inflation is already beginning to have some effect. And I need not repeat what I said earlier about the prospects for good news in the summertime if those two provisions are met. There are two or three industries that are being severely hurt. One is, of course, the homebuilding industry, and we have taken actions to correct that. The second one is the automobile industry, and they're going through a phase of shifting from gas-guzzlers to more efficient automobiles in our country. We're doing everything we can to help with that change. The farmers are facing very high costs and also very high interest rates. INFLATION AND AGRICULTURE Q. Won't that fuel inflation again with farmers having the costs that they have now? Doesn't that have to work its way through the economic cycle the next year? Aren't we going to face enormous food price increases next year as a result of what's happening right now? THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't believe so. Q. With the enormous interest rates that farmers have to pay to buy seed? THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't think so. What we've done since I've been in office, working very closely with the farmers, is to increase enormously both exports of American agricultural products and also the storage of large quantities of American grain on the farm. We have a very good reserve supply of grain on the American farms at this time, and our exports this year, even including the effect 748 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 2 1 of the Soviet embargo, will be extremely high compared to any previous year. We'll set an alltime world's record for exports. We anticipate, before this year is over, a substantial reduction in the inflation rate. And the present grain and livestock prices, in spite of very high inflation rates in recent months, are very low. As a matter of fact, we suspect that the farmers had it too low. Q. When you say it's a substantial reduction, can you give us a number? Can you say x percent? THE PRESIDENT. I've already given you a number, that if-I will repeat myselfI think if you look at the transcript of the answer to the first question, you will see that I was talking about an 8 percent or more reduction, if these two things are carried out. I'll be glad to repeat it if you want me to. DEMOCRATIC PARTY PRINCIPLES Q. Mr. President, I have a political question and a political followup, if I may. For the first time in your life and our generation, people are saying that the Democratic Party is not qualified to manage the fiscal affairs of this country. They used to say that about Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, and they, of course, elected Franklin Roosevelt. But I was interested-I'd like to get your views on the subject. I assume you disagree, of course, and I'd like to get your views on it. This week in Harrisburg, Senator Kennedy said that you are trying to out-Republican the Republican Party and that if the Democratic Convention in New York follows your lead and nominates you, the people will buy the real thing instead of a carbon copy. What he is saying, without saying it in so many words, is that you would lose to Governor Reagan; he could beat Governor Reagan. Would you address yourself to that-assuming that Governor Reagan is the Republican nominee? THE PRESIDENT. Apparently, so far, the American Democrats disagree with what Kennedy has said. Looking at the delegate total makes that obvious. I'm not predicting what's going to happen in the future. What has fueled inflation, among other things, is excessive government spending and enormous deficits. When I ran for President in '76, the deficit was $66 billion, about 4'/2 percent of our GNP. We're cutting it down now to a balanced budget in '81, and even the '80 budget as originally proposed was about one-half of 1 percent of the GNP. Senator Kennedy is well known to be the biggest spender in the Senate, possibly the biggest in the history of the Senate, and that directly fuels inflation. If all of his proposals had been carried out since he's been [in] the Senate-and I'm thankful that they haven't-the deficit would be enormous, and the inflation would have been extremely high, even without an OPEC price increase, possibly. So, it's good for the American people to remember that those who advocate enormous Federal programs to meet the desires of every audience would directly fuel inflation to a catastrophic degree. Also, the steps you take to control inflation are important. The only reduction that I know of in Federal spending that the Senator has advocated is a major cut in defense at the very time, in my judgment, when we do not need to weaken our country's defense. As far as the opinion of Americans concerning the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, on the other hand, I think that's a decision that would be made favorably to the Democrats in November. We have inherited a very serious problem economically. Three years ago, when 749 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I came into office, the steel industry was on its knees. It's been greatly improved in productivity, utilization of plant capacity, of reductions in foreign imports. It still has problems, but they're working with the industry direct to correct them. We've put 9 million new jobs among the American people, I think 431,000 new jobs in Pennsylvania alone in the last 3 years. We've averaged home construction almost 2 million homes, units, built per year. And this is the kind of Democratic economic policy that's given us a continued strong economy, in spite of enormous inflation brought about by OPEC price increases. The final thing I'd like to say is that you've got to have some way to meet international and domestic challenges without equivocation and without misleading the American people. There are no easy answers; there are no magic solutions. There are economic problems that pervade the entire world. We have some candidates who are advocating simplistic solutions. Senator Kennedy, for instance, says all you've got to do is have gasoline rationing and all of our energy problems would go away. Well, he's advocating as a goal, 11 gallons of gasoline per automobile. And people that have to travel to and from work need to stop and think, what will that mean to their livelihood? The working people will be the ones to suffer, particularly those in the suburban and rural areas that have to drive. He's advocating wage and price controls. No other responsible person in Congress will back this ridiculous proposal. Wage and price controls, even according to Senator Kennedy, would not include imported oil energy prices, it would not include interest rates, it would not include the price of food. The basic necessities of life would not have their prices controlled, even under Senator Kennedy's proposal. What would be controlled is the same thing that's always been controlled very rigidly, and that's wages. So, the average family, working family particularly, would have its wages frozen without any possibility of having prices of the things that it has to buy controlled at the same time. So, the misleading statements that are made during a political campaign, most of them don't work on a permanent basis. There may be some transient, temporary benefit derived from a particular audience that hears its hopes answered magically by some sort of response from a candidate, but in the cold analysis of what has got to be done, there is no painless solution, there is no quick solution, there is no magic solution, there's no law you can pass to eliminate inflation. And I believe the American people's judgment is so sound that they will penetrate the false claims, misleading claims, and get to the truth of the matter. I would just like to say finally, in answer to this question, that the people have been extraordinarily sound and patient and wise in dealing with the Soviet Union, in dealing with the Iranian problem, in dealing with inflation, in dealing with high interest rates. It's unbelievable almost, looking back on political history, that an incumbent President could have done as well as I have, particularly not out campaigning. But I think the American people see that we're in it together. It takes a team effort to correct it, and there's no doubt in my mind that a majority of the American people will support a Democratic nominee in November. SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY Q. Would you like to make big people of us by telling us that Senator Kennedy is putting self above country? THE PRESIDENT. No, I wouldn't want to say that, because I think he's just as patriotic as I am. But it doesn't help un 750 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 der difficult times like this-you know, when I had to decide just before the Iowa caucus to impose a grain embargo, it was obviously not a good thing to do for Iowa farmers to lose 17 million tons of sales. My Democratic opponent was against grain embargo. We have — I don't know what his position is on the Olympics boycott, he's been on both sides of this issue. When we decided to advocate registration for the draft, even to register young men for the draft, he's opposed to that. There has to be some firmness in our Nation's commitment in standing up for our own principles, our own rights, and there has to be some requirement that the leader of our country take action and make decisions even if they're unpopular temporarily. But I believe the soundness of the American people and their judgment will prevail. NOTE: The interview began at 9:50 a.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. Participants were Saul Kohler, Harrisburg News, Gil Delaney, Lancaster Intelligencer-Journal, and Joyce Hoffman, Allentown Sunday CallChronicle. The transcript of the interview was released on April 21. Department of Education Nomination of Daniel B. Taylor To Be Assistant Secretary for Adult and Vocational Education. April 21, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Daniel B. Taylor, of Lexington, Mass., as Assistant Secretary of Education for Adult and Vocational Education. Taylor is currently senior lecturer at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in Cambridge, Mass., a position he has held since July 1979. He was born October 2, 1933, in Connellsville, Pa. He received a B.A. degree from the University of Iowa in 1957, an M.A. degree from West Virginia University in 1962, and an Ed. D. degree from West Virginia University in 1965. He served in the U.S. Army from 1954 to 1956. Taylor taught high school in Connellsville, Pa., from 1958 to 1963. From 1964 to 1965, he served as administrative assistant to the superintendent of schools in Plainfield, N.J. From 1965 to 1966, he was assistant superintendent of schools in Wood County, W. Va., and from 1966 to 1970, he was superintendent of schools there. From 1970 to 1979, he was State superintendent of schools for West Virginia. Presidential Medal of Freedom Announcement of the Recipients of the Award for 1980. April 21, 1980 The President today announced the 1980 recipients of the Nation's highest civilian honor, the Medal of Freedom. Four of the 14 medals will be awarded posthumously. The Presidential Medal of Freedom was initiated in 1945 to recognize Americans who have made an especially meritorious contribution to "(1) the security or national interests of the United States, or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or other significant public or private endeavors." The awards ceremony is scheduled to take place at the White House on June 9. The recipients are: ANSEL ADAMS, photographer; The Late RACHEL CARSON, scientist and author; 751 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 LUCIA CHASE, director, American Ballet Theater; The Late HUBERT HUMPHREY, Vice President, U.S. Senator, and mayor; ARCHBISHOP IAKOVOS, Greek Orthodox Church of North and South America; The Late PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON; CLARENCE MITCHELL, JR., retired director of the NAACP's Washington bureau; ROGER TORY PETERSON, ornithologist, author; ADM. HYMAN RICKOVER, Director, Division of Naval Reactors, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and Deputy Commander for Nuclear Propulsion, Naval Systems Sea Command; BEVERLY SILLS, coloratura soprano, general director, New York City Opera Company; ROBERT PENN WARREN, writer, Pulitzer Prize winner; The Late JOHN WAYNE, actor; EUDORA WELTY, author, Pulitzer Prize winner; TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, playwright. Department of Housing and Urban Development Nomination of A. Russell Marane To Be a Member of the Board of Directors of the New Community Development Corporation. April 21, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate A. Russell Marane, of Atlanta, Ga., to be a member of the Board of Directors of the New Community Development Corporation. He would replace William J. White. Marane is currently a consultant at the Department of Housing and Urban Development and is a former Regional Administrator of HUD for region IV. He was born September 17, 1939, in Chattanooga, Tenn. He received a B.B.A. from the University of Tennessee in 1964 and took graduate studies in public administration at Memphis State University. From 1969 to 1971, Marane was urban renewal director for the Chattanooga Housing Authority, where he was responsible for the planning and execution of three urban renewal projects. From 1972 to 1974, he was chief planner for Collredo Associates, a planning consultancy firm in Memphis. From 1974 to 1977, Marane was assistant vice president of Hensley-Schmidt, an Atlanta consulting engineering firm. He was responsible for the firm's business development program and for managing the firm's urban and environmental planning division. He was Regional Administrator of HUD for region IV from 1977 to 1979. International Year of the Child Remarks on Receiving the Final Report of the National Commission. April 21, 1980 JEAN YOUNG. Mr. President, first of all, we greet you. We're delighted to be here with you, the commissioners, the honorary commissioners, the staff, and, most importantly of all, the children. We have with us a few of the representatives of the United States, these children and young people-David Barron, Judy Andrews, Steve Dunne, Todd Grant, and Coral Watt. And these young people would like to present to you, first, their action report. THE PRESIDENT. Very fine. Miss WATT. Mr. President, we are very pleased to present to you the book "No Time for Mud Pies." Please don't judge this book by its cover, since it contains a lot of serious ideas and recommendations. This report summarizes the efforts of 25 young people, aged 10 to 18, serving on the Childrens' Advisory Panel to the National Commission on the International Year of the Child. The major areas covered include fear and violence, educa 752 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 tion, social problems, and a proposal for a national chamber of youth. These issues are of major concern to young people throughout the country. MR. DUNNE. These recommendations are the result of two intense meetings and long deliberations by the Panel. We genuinely hope you will consider our report carefully and will take specific actions as a result of our report. Adults and young people really need to listen to each other and hear each other more often. We hope you will become more aware of the effect of your decisions on young people in this Nation, and that everything you do changes the world that we will inherit. Miss ANDREWS. Mr. President, we'd like to present this book to you with concern and love. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. I appreciate this. Can I say a word? MRS. YOUNG. Okay, in just a minute. [Laughter] We have the full Commission report we'd also like to present to you. THE PRESIDENT. Okay. MRS. YOUNG. This document was done exclusively by the young people, and the Commission also did a little bit of work. [Laughter] Childhood evokes for most of us images of joy and laughter and play of bright, healthy children surrounded by a warm and loving family. But the harsh realities of life for millions of children, not only around the world but also here in the United States, contrasts starkly with those images, as you well know. During 1979, the International Year of the Child, the National Commission undertook to become the eyes and ears of the American people on issues affecting children. Now as we give voice to what the people said through this document, we do not profess to have found all the answers, but we know we have asked the right questions. The basic one is: Can we afford to neglect the needs of children? And the answer from everywhere came: No. We are not calling our report a final report. There was nothing final about the Year of the Child. It was only a beginning. In these pages, we share with you some of the many marvelous efforts of individuals and groups to observe the Year of the Child. The challenge is to continue what they have begun. We issue this challenge to you, Mr. President, as leader of our Nation and primary architect of our national policy. We also issue the challenge to each and every citizen of this great Nation to assume new responsibility for assuring the well-being of all of our children. In making our recommendations we fully understand national budgetary concerns. But our task was not to formulate an entire national agenda, establish a timetable, or plan every step along the way. Our role has been, above all, to speak on behalf of children. This report is about what children need. Our Nation has no responsibility more important than this. After thoroughly examining this document, I hope you will feel, as we do, how urgent it is for you and Congress to set concrete goals and timetables for beginning to accomplish some of the recommendations that we have set forth. Your demonstrated commitment, through initiatives you are already supporting, persuades us that you can be successful in making important changes in the lives of all our children. These recommendations come from Americans all over this country. We heard the people. They are out there. They are indeed prepared to support you. Mr. President, we, the National Commission, present this document with humility and with our deep, abiding commitment to children everywhere. And we would like 753 Apr. 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 to express personal thanks to you and Mrs. Carter, your staffs; to our deeply committed commissioners, honorary commissioners, executive director, and our staff; to the thousands of unheralded volunteers throughout the country; and a special thanks to all the children everywhere, including my own. And we would also like to give you this token of remembrance. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. There are more than 1 /2 billion children in the world and much more than 50 million children in our own country, who have benefited greatly during this last year from the commitment and dedication and unselfishness of people like Jean Young and representatives of more than 150 nations, who've worked together to bring the world's attention to the special problems and opportunities of additional attention being given to children and their problems and the chances they have to live a better life. People in our embassies all over the world have participated, as well, in this United States analysis of what could be done during the International Year of the Child. I know that as a parent myself, Rosalynn and I look at Amy with a great deal of love and also hope, that in the future her opportunities will be even greater than they are already in our great country. We've got serious problems, however. We have special programs before the Congress now, some derived from this analysis and some derived from other sources-a special CHAPS program to give better health care for children, particularly preventive health care; a steady and diagnostic action, particularly for the poor children, to make sure they don't become afflicted with preventable diseases; and our youth initiative, which will provide many hundreds of thousands of jobs for young people in the future, above and beyond what we do already. Next year, as one of the recommendations here, I intend to declare a special day or week for the recognition of the problems of the children, and we also will make sure that our Commission on the Arts and Humanities will honor the best public broadcasting programs that will emphasize the problems of the children. Livingston Biddle has already been eager to work on this, along with the Vice President's wife, Joan. And I think this effort to continue both the public awareness and the tangible benefits from the International Year of the Child studies will be of great benefit not only to children but to all citizens of our country. In closing, let me say that I'm particularly grateful that not only adults but young people participated in this study. It keeps us humble, and it keeps our feet on the ground when we have to have our own premises and theories challenged by the young ones that we hope to serve and hope to benefit. So in closing, Jean, let me express my deep thanks to you. This committee, particularly in our country, has functioned under some very severe difficulties. When I went to the United Nations more than a year ago, to spend a day working on problems of the entire world, I was invited to go to Jean's apartment. She spent a lot of time telling me about problems with the International Year of the Child movement. And we formed a close partnership there, and ultimately we prevailed over the obstacles that presented themselves. But her tenacity and her courage, combined with that of many others, has made this event and this study a very good success. This is not the end of our country's commitment to young people. More than a million American children suffer every year directly from abuse and neglect. 754 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 21 More than 10 million young American children suffer from inadequate health care of a tangible and specific form. These kinds of abuses can be corrected. And I'm grateful again to be part of an effort that I believe will bring benefits to our Nation now, and for many years in the future. Thank you again. Good luck to you. You all did a good job. NOTE: Jean C. Young, Chairman of the National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979, spoke at 1:38 p.m. at the ceremony in the Cabinet Room at the White House. United States Ambassador to Mexico Remarks During a Meeting With the U.S. Ambassador. April 21, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. I would like to say to the press and to the American people that we are very delighted to have Dr. Julian Nava here, who will be our new Ambassador to Mexico. No one who understands international affairs, particularly with our neighbors, would underestimate the importance of this assignment. Dr. Nava has devoted his entire professional life to studying the interrelationships among people in the North American continent. He's a specialist on Mexican-American affairs. He is, by the way, the first person of Mexican descent to serve in this capacity. And he will bring to this extremely important post not only a knowledge of the language but also a knowledge of the history that binds our peoples together and the importance of this relationship between two great countries. We do have many problems that exist between our two countries and, of course, the opportunities outweigh the problems. Economically, politically, we are closely bound together. Trade opportunities are just beginning to be felt by the people of the two nations on an equal basis and, of course, Mexico is playing an increasingly important role in international affairs throughout the world. To have a strong and able and knowledgeable spokesman in Mexico City, representing our Nation, will be of great benefit to our own country. And I'm very grateful that Dr. Nava has agreed to take this important post. Buena ventura y vaya con Dios. [Good luck, and may God be with you.] AMBASSADOR NAVA. Muchas gracias, Senor Presidente. THE PRESIDENT. Would you like to say a word, Mr. Ambassador? AMBASSADOR NAVA. Thank you. I feel deeply honored by the selection made by the President of me as the United States Ambassador to Mexico. I have communicated to friends on this side of the border and on the other side of the border that, notwithstanding many of the unresolved questions and issues that lie ahead, the most important single question in my mind is: What is the real question to ask? And I believe it may very well be how in the Western Hemisphere sister republics, sister democracies, dedicated to an open life and government representative of and respectful of the rights of individuals, can advance each others' interests in a mutually respectful manner. And therefore, knowing Mexico well and knowing my own country well, it will be one of the most significant undertakings in my life to be the personal representative of the President of the United States in one of the most important countries with which we have relations in today's world. Thank you very much, Mr. Presidentand my family, my wife, Patricia, Carmen and Katie and Paul, are all going to be 755 Apr. -21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 representatives of the United States in Mexico. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. SECRETARY VANCE. Let me just say that we are fortunate, indeed, to have Dr. Julian Nava as our Ambassador to Mexico. This, as the President has said, is one of the key posts in the Foreign Service. It is one of the largest posts. It has a multitude of complex problems to deal with, and our relationship with Mexico is of paramount importance to us. So, the person that we have in this post is of the utmost importance to our Nation, and we are fortunate, indeed, to have Julian taking on this job. AMBASSADOR NAVA. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. NOTE: The President spoke at 3: 02 p.m. in the Oval Office at the White House, where he met with Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Ambassador Nava, and Robert Krueger, Ambassador at Large and Coordinator for Mexican Affairs. Following the meeting, a reception honoring the new Ambassador was held in the Roosevelt Room. Earlier in the day, Ambassador Nava was sworn in at the State Department. United States-Malta Treaty on Income Taxes Message to the Senate Transmitting the Treaty. April 21, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for Senate advice and consent to ratification, the Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Malta with Respect to Taxes on Income, together with a related exchange of notes, signed at Valletta on March 21, 1980. For the information of the Senate, I also transmit the report of the Department of State with respect to the Treaty. For the most part, the Treaty follows the pattern of the United States model income tax convention, although there are some deviations from the model to accommodate Malta's status as a developing country. For example, in the Treaty, business profits of an enterprise of one country may be taxed by the other only if they are attributable to a permanent establishment in the other country. However, the definition of a permanent establishment is somewhat more broadly drawn in the Treaty than in the model convention. The Treaty contains the usual rules relating to real property income, shipping income, capital gains, the treatment of entertainers, students, teachers, pensioners and governmental employees, and nondiscrimination and administrative cooperation. The accompanying exchange of notes sets forth certain understandings between the two Governments. I recommend that the Senate give early and favorable consideration to the Treaty and give advice and consent to its ratification. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 21, 1980. United States Tax Court Nomination of Two Judges. April 22, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate two persons to be judges of the United States Tax Court for the terms of 15 years. They are: Sheldon V. Ekman, of Westport, Conn., who is presently a partner in the New York City law firm of Reavis & McGrath. Ekman was born March 12, 1920, in Manchester, N.H. He received a B.A. degree from Harvard in 1939 and an LL.B. degree from Harvard Law School 756 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 22 in 1942. From 1945 to 1950, he was a trial attorney with the Internal Revenue Service. From 1950 to 1969, he was with the firm of S. D. Leidesdorf & Co., and since 1969 he has been with Reavis & McGrath. Since 1979, Ekman has served as adjunct professor of law and taxation at New York University, and he is chairman of the advisory committee of the New York University Institute on Federal Taxation. He would replace William Drennen, who has retired. Edna Gaynell Parker, of Arlington, Va., who has been a special trial judge of the U.S. Tax Court since 1977. Parker was born October 30, 1930, in Johnston County, N.C. She received a B.A. degree from New Jersey College for Women in 1953 and an LL.B. degree from George Washington University in 1957. She was a law clerk to the late Judge Madden and the late Chief Judge Jones of the U.S. Court of Claims from 1957 to 1959 and from 1960 to 1969, she was a trial attorney with the Justice Department. From 1969 to 1977, she served as an administrative judge on the Contract Appeals Board of the Transportation Department. She would replace William Quealy, who has resigned. United States Air Force Academy Appointment of Two Members of the Board of Visitors. April 22, 1980 The President today announced that he has appointed two persons to be members of the Board of Visitors of the United States Military Academy, for terms expiring December 31, 1982. They are: William Park Lemmond, Jr., of Prince George, Va., an attorney in private practice and military aide de camp to the Gov ernor of Virginia; and Harry W. Low, of San Francisco, a judge of the Superior Court of California. Lemmond will replace Douglas P. Bennett, whose term has expired, and Low will replace Robert Kaufman, whose term has expired. Visit of the King and Queen of Belgium Toasts at a Luncheon Honoring King Baudouin I and Queen Fabiola. April 22, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. This is indeed a great pleasure and an honor for us to have all of you as guests with us at the White House, and particularly to welcome distinguished visitors, Their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians, King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola. Twenty-one years ago, as a matter of fact, His Majesty came to our country for his first visit. A year later, he came back and brought his Queen. And since then, they've been frequent visitors to our country. With friends like these, it's obvious that fond memories and strong friendships are built. And this is a special occasion, when we face a world which is rapidly changing, where intense rivalries, sometimes hatreds, are focused, where the past is difficult to understand and the future almost impossible to predict, to have a stable factor in our lives, built on mutual understanding, mutual commitment, mutual principles, and a common belief in a secure future built on strong friendships. We were honored in 1978-my wife and I and members of our Governmentto visit with Their Majesties in Brussels. It was a delightful experience. We had a long and very intimate and very productive conversation. I don't think the world 757 Apr. 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 events since then were the result of that conversation; we won't be responsible for that. [Laughter] But we learned a lot from one another and had a chance to enjoy the hospitality of the Belgian people. This is a special visit for Their Majesties and the distinguished Ministers from Belgium to come here, because this is a celebration of their 150th anniversary of the founding of their nation as an independent and united entity. However, our friendship with the Belgian people and with their country goes back far beyond, earlier than 150 years ago. As a matter of fact, as early as 1803, the United States had one of its Government agencies in the port city of Antwerp, and 17 years later, in 1820, we established our first consulate there. And then 10 years later we celebrated with the Belgians their formation of a nation. This has been a very productive relationship for us. We were very delighted, as a very senior and statesmanlike and mature nation of 53 or 54 years, to welcome this new nation into existence[laughter]-and we've enjoyed a good big brothers, equal relationship since then. I'm very grateful to know that we have this friendship with the Belgian people. We had an opportunity Sunday night to see the most remarkable exhibitions of fireworks combined with lovely music in an inspirational event that I've ever seen in my life. We had large groups of Americans who were here, both as residents of Washington and as tourists, who saw the initiation of this celebration of art and culture in an exhibit that will be going across our country as the "Belgium Today" exhibit for the next 6 weeks. I think it's good for us to look back upon the last 150 years and realize that the strong friendship, that has been so mutually beneficial, has never flagged. We've been through difficult times to gether. We've been through two devastating World Wars as comrades in arms, when our soldiers fought shoulder to shoulder for the preservation of freedom and liberty. We were committed together, we suffered together, we triumphed together because of the courage of the people who fought for us and for a common and secure future. We learned in that time the value of strong alliances, and we learned in that time the devastating impact of divisiveness and of a lack of commitment and of a lack of will to preserve the peace. Now, with the NATO Alliance and with the Belgians as our close and staunch allies, we again are committed to peace through strength, and it's very reassuring to us to know that the preservation of the peace is paramount for us all. We believe in the idea of diversity in a context of unity. We honor one another in the difference in perspective, in the difference in geographical location, a different relationship with our immediate neighbors, and different goals among our people. But that diversity is well understood, and it's built on mutual respect and a realization that within the concept of unity that right to diversity can be nourished and enjoyed. I would like to say that we also share with Belgium a realization of the value of a major city which is a crossroads of the diplomatic and the economic world. In Brussels and in New York, in Washington and in Geneva, and in only a very tiny additional number of cities in the world is this advantage realized. And through this interrelationship among nations that takes place within the breast of a city can come, among the people surrounding that city in a nation, a concept of understanding one another and a concept of differences that can divide people, but can be harnessed if wisdom and patience and 758 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 23 generosity and unselfishness is present for a common purpose of realizing beneficial common goals. When His Majesty was in this house on his first visit 21 years ago, he said, "We stand together in peace for peace." And that statement has been the guiding commitment which has been so beneficial to our people since that time. In a time of challenge, with armed invasion threatening the peace of Southwest Asia, with terrorism a constant preoccupation of statesmen and leaders and the people, with economic threats to the security and the wellbeing of our people, those kinds of prospects strengthen us in our common commitment and let us realize much more vividly the value of amity and of mutual support and of cooperation. Again, let me say that all of us welcome Their Majesties to our Nation. And I would like to ask all of you to rise and join me in a toast: To Their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians, to a great nation, built on courage and a desire for peace, and to the people whom they lead. THE KING. Mr. President, first of all, I wish to thank you and Mrs. Carter for the wonderful hospitality that you have so kindly extended to us on this beautiful spring day. I wish also, Mr. President, to convey to you my heartfelt thanks for the kind words you have just expressed to the Queen and myself and towards my country. It is important to us that our two nations maintain the excellent relations which many years of close cooperation have unceasingly strengthened. The harsh lessons of our history have led us to enter the Alliance, and Belgium is aware of the immense benefits of the security resulting from its NATO membership. Within such an organization, friendship cannot exist without solidarity, and in times of hardship, one judges the solidity of both. Our country does not ignore this fact. At the present time, the United States suffers the consequences of a flagrant violation of international law. Other disturbing events appear elsewhere in the world. No doubt, Mr. President, that Belgium understands fully the importance of what is at stake and also knows where its duty lies. I ask you, ladies and gentlemen, to raise your glass to the health of the President and Mrs. Carter and to the prosperity of the United States of America. NOTE: The President spoke at 1: 36 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Department of Education Nomination of Edwin W. Martin, Jr., To Be Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. April 23, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Edwin W. Martin, Jr., of McLean, Va., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, a new position. Martin has been Deputy Commissioner for the Education of the Handicapped at the U.S. Office of Education (USOE) since 1974. He was born September 3, 1931, in Oceanside, N.Y. He received an A.B. from Muhlenburg College in 1953, an M.A. from the University of Alabama in 1955, and a Ph. D. in speech pathology from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. From 1955 to 1957, Martin was an instructor in the department of speech at the University of Alabama, and from 1960 to 1966, he was codirector of the speech and hearing clinic there. In 1966 he served as director of the U.S. House of Representatives ad hoc subcommittee on the handicapped. 759 Apr. 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Martin has been at USOE since 1967. He served as Deputy Director of the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped from 1967 to 1970 and as Director of that office and Associate Commissioner of Education from 1970 to 1976. Sanctions Against Iran Statement by the White House Press Secretary on a Decision by the European Community. April 23, 1980 I have a brief statement on the action yesterday by the European Community. We welcome the EC Nine Foreign Ministers' decision to support our efforts to free the hostages by invoking the sanctions against Iran embodied in the U.N. Security Council resolution, vetoed by the Soviet Union last January. Some of the European Community member states will require legislation. to give effect to sanctions, and they have undertaken to obtain that legislation by May 17. We are hopeful that the necessary legislation will be promptly enacted so that the nations will be able to carry out their commitments to impose sanctions unless decisive progress has been made toward releasing the hostages, which we assume means release from Iranian control. In the meantime, diplomatic staffs will be reduced, and visas will be required for Iranians traveling to EC countries. Military sales will be banned. We are awaiting the necessary parliamentary action as we give great importance to the joint action of all the European Community countries in this effort. I just might add to that, that this action by the European Community does underscore to the Iranians the extent to which continuing to hold the hostages isolates them in world opinion. NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at 12:30 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Petroleum Import Adjustment Program Proclamation 4751. April 23, 1980 AMENDMENT TO PROCLAMATION 4744 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), and the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.), Proclamation 4744, as amended, is hereby amended as follows: Section 1-101. Section 3-101 of Proclamation 4744, as amended, is amended by redesignating paragraph (c) and (d) and by the addition of a new paragraph (c) to read: "(c) The Secretary may make such adjustments to the requirements imposed by this Proclamation, as are necessary to prevent special hardship; provided, however, that no such adjustments shall be made with respect to the obligation to purchase or sell entitlements imposed by Section 2-1 of this Proclamation or the obligation to pay the gasoline conservation fees required by Section 1-1 of this Proclamation." IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand on this twenty-third 760 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 24 day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:20 p.m., April 23, 1980] Energy Mobilization Board Legislation White House Statement on Action by the House and Senate Conference Committee. April 23, 1980 The President is pleased with the progress that was made today in conference committee on the energy mobilization board (EMB). It now appears that a sound and workable bill will soon be on the President's desk. The tentative conference committee agreement meets the criteria the President set forth for an effective EMB: -Consolidated judicial review to prevent years of delay in duplicative court suits; -"Streamlining" provisions to cut through procedural redtape; -An effective "grandfather" provision to keep critical national energy projects from being brought to a standstill by changes in law and regulation adopted after construction begins. The conference compromise also contains provisions authorizing substantive law changes through an expedited legislative procedure-for no more than 12 projects per Congress, under limited circumstances and after full review by appropriate congressional committees and the Congress as a whole. While the administration has consistently opposed bypassing the normal legislative process for sub stantive law changes and continues to hold that position, we believe that this procedure, which fully protects the right of congressional committees to approve proposed changes in substantive laws, comes so close to the normal legislative process that its inclusion should not be a reason for further delay in enacting a bill. The President appreciates the effort of Senators Johnston, Jackson, and Domenici, together with Congressmen Dingell, Staggers, Brown, for their leadership on this important energy legislation. Interview With the President Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Editors and Broadcasters of Harte-Hanks Communications. April 23,1980 THE PRESIDENT. I think for the first couple of minutes the national press will come in, and then we'll have a chance for questions. What I habitually do in these sessions is to outline in just a few words some of the key issues that are important to me as President at this time, and then spend the rest of the period answering questions from you. THE NATIONAL ECONOMY I think today I'd like to emphasize the concern that we have about the economy, which is a burning issue for me and for the Congress and for the entire Nation. We have put forward, a number of weeks ago now, a very strong and, I believe, ultimately successful anti-inflation program, with five major components, one of which puts the responsibility on the Congress to cut down Federal spending by roughly $15 billion, leading toward a balanced budget for 1981. And of course, credit restraints and other ac 761 Apr. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tions have also given the Nation a message that we are indeed able and willing and determined to impose self-discipline, not only on the Federal Government but also the ancillary parts of our economic society that can shape the tone of transactions in the future. We've recently seen results of this effort and other trends. I think you noticed that the prime rate was dropped this morning a full half percentage point by some of the leading banks. Ordinarily this action is decided on Fridays, and in general, since April 4, we've seen a reduction in interest rates; everything except the prime has been quite rapidly coming down. We don't know what the ultimate trends will be, but we are having some beneficial signals. The other part of it, however, is that we are faced with increasing constraints on the economy and its growth and also with serious problems in the housing and automobile industry and, perhaps, a few others. Farmers are heavily impacted by high interest rates. We've taken actions in all three of these areas and others to try to minimize the damage to American homes, American families, as we go through a transition period from extremely high inflation and interest [rates] to a tighter and slower growing American economy. This is a worldwide problem, with high inflation, high interest rates. And the crux of the matter, as some of you know who are from Texas, is how we handle the energy question. I hope in a few weeks the Congress will have completed all of its major legislative tasks concerning developing for our country a national energy policy with phased deregulation, a decontrol of both oil and natural gas, and some commitment to conservation and to the development of alternative forms of energy. I'd be glad to answer any questions that you might have on these or other matters, and then I would like to save about 5 minutes toward the end so that I can greet every one of you individually and maybe get a photograph. QUESTIONS IRAN: EFFECTS ON THE PRESIDENT S PRIMARY CAMPAIGN Q. Mr. President, I'm Dick Gorrell from Anderson, South Carolina. Could the close race in Pennsylvania and the results of the Vermont caucus be a sign that voters are rejecting your Rose Garden campaign, and will you now face the voters in person in Texas and in other States? THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't intend to campaign during the primary season until we've resolved the hostage question. I'm not trying to project a tie vote in Pennsylvania as a victory; I understand that with about 30 or 40 thousand votes still to be counted, there's only a 3,000 vote difference. But I think that because of the very adverse economic news and the problems with the Iranian Government holding our hostages, terrorists holding our hostages, that that strong a show of support for me is actually encouraging. We, last night, won 60 delegates in Missouri. I think Senator Kennedy got 10, and 7 are undecided or uncommitted, and we are likely to get some of those in the future. And it was almost exactly a tie in Pennsylvania. We lost by, I think, two delegates in New Hampshire [Vermont].' So last night we had another strong show of support, and looking at the mathematics of it, Senator Kennedy would have to get a little over 70 percent ' White House correction. 762 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 24 of all the remaining delegates, including those in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas, in order to get a majority of the delegates. So, I was not discouraged last night. I think it was a very strong show of support under the circumstances. And I think in order to take care of a very complex international and national series of crises that, coincidentally, are on us at the same time, and to maintain the commitment in our Nation to dealing with the Iranian situation as a crisis equal to what it was when the hostages were first taken, that it's better for me to stay here and not campaign during the primary season. DEMOCRATIC PARTY CAMPAIGN Q. Mr. President, Bob Rhodes, Corpus Christi. With Senator Kennedy's intention to stay in the race all the way through the convention, can the candidate who finally emerges survive that deep division in the Democratic Party, or are you on some kind of a death wish? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think the answer is yes, I can survive. The Democratic Party has a history of sharp divisions or divisiveness taking place during the primary contests, and most of the time, even throughout our Nation, Democratic candidates have done well. I have no fear of that. I think it is important to point out that we are committed to abiding by the rules of the Democratic Party and, also, I will honor the judgment of the American people and support the nominee if it should not be myself. And I hope that eventually Senator Kennedy will make the same decision, that is, to abide by the Democratic Party rules and to support me and Fritz Mondale if we are the nominees of the party. I think that we'll prevail in November, the Democratic nominees. We don't yet know who will be the Republican candidate. Governor Reagan is ahead, but this is a volatile year, and rapidly changing attitude among voters has been evident from one week to another. So, I look forward to the rest of the primary season and to the general election season with a great deal of anticipation and confidence. Q. Does it bother you that as an incumbent President you are being challenged by someone from your own party? THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I would prefer to have it otherwise. [Laughter] This is the first time in more than 30 years, I might point out, that a Democratic incumbent President has had to take care of the duties of the office, which are formidable, and also at the same time run a primary campaign. It obviously complicates my life; it's difficult. But I think the issues are being debated, and although we are in a period of adverse economic news every week, we've still done very well under the circumstances. If you think back 8 months ago or 9 months ago, there was a general belief that I would be defeated handily if Senator Kennedy decided to be a candidate. I think the results since then have proven otherwise, so I have a feeling of gratitude to the American people and confidence that I can win this year. IRAN: U.S. SUPPORT FROM ALLIES Q. Jennifer Allen, Corsicana, Texas. Mr. President, is the kind of support we're beginning to receive from our allies, such as Japan and Great Britain, sufficient to effect the eventual release of the hostages in Iran, and, if not, how long and how far are we willing to go it alone? THE PRESIDENT. Well, we've not really gone it alone up until this point. We've had two unanimous votes in the U.N. Security Council to condemn the Iranian action and to encourage them to release 763 Apr. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the hostages. We had a vote in the Security Council to impose very rigid sanctions against Iran, and the vote was unanimous except that the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia cast negative votes, which has the effect of a veto. But during that period of time, we had the support of our allies and their willingness to impose the sanctions if we chose. We've gone through phases of trying co negotiate the release of our hostages peacefully and without any confrontation with the Iranian officials. Even as short as a few weeks ago, the Revolutionary Council, the President of Iran, the Foreign Minister of Iran, even the terrorists who are holding our hostages, announced that they would be transferred from the control of the hostages [terrorists]2 to the Government. And we made this announcement to the American people following a public address by the President of Iran, Bani-Sadr, to that effect. Subsequently, two members of the Revolutionary Council reversed their positions, and unanimity no longer prevailed, and the Ayatollah Khomeini made a decision that they would not be released. But we've gone through these phases, and I think that our allies have been patient along with us. Recently, I have specifically asked the allies to go ahead and take action of a diplomatic and an economic nature, to be defined by them, to encourage the Iranian Government officials to work toward the release of the hostages and their return to freedom, so that we could end this crisis and protect the hostages as well. I think the action taken by the European Community yesterday-although I would prefer that they had taken stronger action and more immediate action-is 2 White House correction. compatible with their systems of government, and although some of the nations were willing to go further and quicker, there is an advantage in their maintaining unanimity among them. I think their action, whatever it is, is more effective with the whole community being in favor of it. I think that best summarizes my response. They are independent and autonomous and very proud nations, and we have not made any ultimatums to them and not tried to embarrass them. I think they are giving us support, as has been made public, that's best under the circumstances. IRAN: U.S. OPTIONS FOR THE RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES Q. You said that the process with Iran has gone in phases. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. What phase would you foresee coming next? THE PRESIDENT. Well, the last economic actions that we took-to stop all transactions with Iran and the visiting back and forth from Iran, and the preceeding actions that we took shortly before that-to break diplomatic relations with Iran, and to impose restraints on visas, and also to impose economic sanctions officially and to, in effect, set aside $8 billion or more of their money for future claims by private citizens, the Government, or corporations in our Nationall were very serious matters and actions. And that's one thing that we'd like to see impress itself upon the Iranian Government officials. The other, of course, is our being joined by our allies. And the realization in Iran that they are becoming increasingly isolated, at least from the Western World, I hope will have a sobering effect on them. 764 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 24 We have to reserve the option to take other action if we deem necessary. And I don't think it would be appropriate for me to go any further than to refer back to the November 20 statement that described the options that we have, including-I think the phrase was "interruption of commerce." But we are an aggrieved party, and it's important that the American people not forget that militant terrorists, with the permission and encouragement of the official Government of Iran, are holding captive innocent American citizens in violation of every international law, diplomatic processes, and human decency. It's a crime, and to me it's just as much a crisis now as it was the first week the hostages were captured. IRAN: THE SAFETY OF THE HOSTAGES AND THE NATIONAL HONOR Q. Mr. President, I'm Paul McGonigle from KOY-AM, Phoenix. At what point may we have to make a decision-the lives of the hostages may have to be jeopardized to take action to bring this to an end? THE PRESIDENT. That's a judgment the President will have to make. And I've been faced with that question every day, and I've tried to make the best judgment I could under the changing circumstances about how to protect the integrity and the honor and the interest of our Nation and, combined with that, the lives and safety of the hostages and work toward the hostages' release. I don't think that we've violated the honor of our Nation; I don't think we've violated our commitment to protect the lives and safety of the hostages. We have not been successful, obviously, in securing their release, but I can't give you a time schedule. I think that would be inappropriate. If I had a time schedule worked out in my mind, I don't think it would be good to reveal it. Q. Is there an action that might precipitate something like that? THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously a change in the status of our hostages, either a partial release to control of the Government itself or any sort of punitive action against our hostages, have been two factors that I've had to consider from the beginning. I think the second of those was described in the November 20 statement, which we drafted very carefully. Every now and then I have to go back and remind myself of the original threats: that the hostages would be tried as spies and would be executed, and later, that our Nation would be tried as a criminal nation. And we've issued very stern warnings about that. Lately there have been some stirrings of political fragmentation in Iran, with the riots on the campuses and so forth. And there have also been some disturbing statements made by the terrorists; for instance, if Iraq invades Iran this would be a puppet of the United States, and the hostages would be executed. They've made those statements just within the last few days, and there was not any immediate counterstatement made by either Khomeini or the Government officials. Earlier in the captivity, whenever the terrorists said anything about physical abuse or threats of death against the hostages, either Khomeini himself or some other person would almost automatically say, "We do not intend to have any physical harm to the hostages." So, it's a very complicated and very sensitive subject and one that we've tried to keep before the consciousness of the American people in an accurate and not 765 Apr. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 misleading way. But I cannot foreclose any options available to our country, and I think that I've described it as best I can to you. THE PRESIDENT S SCHEDULE Q. Mr. President, we have a lot of questions that we could ask you on policy, but I think one of our major-I'm Jim Blount from Hamilton, Ohio, by the way-one of our major concerns is how you, as a person, are facing this job at this time-the frustrations and pressures. What do you do to relax? How do you keep your composure and live with the frustrations? What are some of the things that don't come across in a press conference like this normally? THE PRESIDENT. Well, I guess God gave me a character and a temperament that doesn't cause me to lose control of myself. I'm easygoing, and I've never stayed awake at night because of worry. I have good people with whom I can consult. And I think any President is reassured, under crises that may be much more severe than the one we face now, by the inherent strength of our Nation and, in a democratic process, the closeness with which I can deal with the American people and the understanding that I have of their desires. I think the Congress has been extremely supportive of me. Personally, I get up at 5 o'clock most mornings, get over here at 5: 30, work a couple of hours or read, before my day starts officially. I had a breakfast this morning at 7:30. And then I meet during the day with visiting delegations, you and others. I had representatives from the Methodist general conference that came in this morning. I meet with Members of Congress, and I try to get through with my workday around 4:30 or 5 o'clock and spend the rest of the day with my family. And then at night, quite often, I have to read or study. I have an average of 350 pages of official documents each day that come to my desk for study and for action. I'm a very fast reader and take care of that without any problem. And then for recreation, I run every day. My wife runs a couple of miles with me, and then I run longer after she drops out. We play tennis, sometimes; in the winter, I do cross-country skiing. I take a lot of exercise. I have a good, solid life. On occasion we go to Camp David. I haven't been there lately, but that's always a time to get away from this place. Q. What would be on your agenda of reading, for personal reading, or do you have such aTHE PRESIDENT. Yes, I read two or three books a week. I'm kind of a fast reader. Sometimes biographies, sometimes-I ordinarily read most of the books on the best seller list, plus some of the — I read a lot of biography about my predecessors at the White House. [Laughter] It makes me feel a little better to know that Roosevelt and Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson and others had some tougher times than we did, and also it gives me a feeling of reassurance to see that our Nation has gone through much more severe crises than we face right now, successfully, and the innate strength of this Nation is a very reassuring factor. So, I get along well and don't get excited or disturbed about things, except when I'm thinking deeply about what to do concerning Iran, or what action to take to control inflation, or how to deal with the combination of inflation and high interest rates, and Iran and Afghanistan and energy and running an election campaign, and I get quiet or walk off by myselfmy wife knows that I'm kind of studying about-I didn't mean to belabor the answer. But we have a good, solid family 766 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 24 life, which really helps me a lot, and adequate time for recreation and exercise and to be with my family. EFFECTS OF INFLATION ON THE ELDERLY AND POOR Q. Bob Moore, Middlesex News, Framingham, Massachusetts. I'd be dying to ask you on politics, but I'll ask you something that's connected with it, anyway. THE PRESIDENT. Whatever you want to ask. Q. With the present transition period where we're trying to get-save on the budget and so forth-there are still the high interest rates and the inflationTHE PRESIDENT. That's true. Q. which makes it particularly difficult for the very old. And people think in terms of day-to-day, and I'm just wondering, is there anything, any hope you can hold out that sometime in this immediate future that you have some plans to take care of that sort of a situation? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. I think it's good for us to remember that 25 percent of our Federal budget is for the elderly. Secondly, in the budget reduction proposals, there has been not a penny reduced in social security, SSI, and so forth. We also have an indexing system built into many of the programs for the elderly and for the afflicted and for the very poor, so that as the inflation rate goes up, the Government payments to them increase at least as much as the inflation rate. It's a very costly thing to the Federal Government, but I think it's a very important thing for those who are particularly vulnerable to inflation. And the last point I'd like to make is that the people who suffer most from inflation are not wealthy people, like a President with a $200,000-a-year salary, or newspaper editors who are also in a very high income-[laughter]-but they're the people who have a low income and who have a fixed income derived from savings of their own. Quite often these are the most vulnerable people, and if a family is, say, Spanish-speaking or black and very poor, living in a dilapidated area of a major city and they want to buy a refrigerator or a stove or a television set, they probably pay top price. I can probably find a way to buy it wholesale and so forth, but they can't. And when they buy groceries, they really don't have a very highly competitive supermarket from which to buy groceries. They quite often go to a corner grocery store where the prices are very high and where, if their social security check or something comes in late, they can get 2 or 3 days of credit. So, they pay extremely high prices, even above what a competitive type family can pay. So, I don't have any apology to make for the reductions in the Federal budget designed to bring down the inflation rate, because I think the people who think they will suffer most from budget reductions are the very ones who will benefit greatly when we are successful in bringing down the inflation rate. I believe that we will see, during this summer, substantial reductions in the inflation rate, and we are already seeing fairly good trends downward in the interest rates. I can't predict success, but I do the best I can with it. Ms. BAR10. Thank you, sir. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you all. I really have enjoyed it, and I'm sure you'll have a chance to ask the questions you didn't get to me to other people during the day. It's been a pleasure talking to you. NOTE: The interview began at 1: 35 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary. The transcript of the interview was released on April 24. 767 Apr. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jewish Heritage Week Proclamation 4752. April 24, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Ever since the first Dutch Jew set foot in New Amsterdam in 1654, Jews have been contributing bountifully to the culture and history of our country. Indeed, the history of the Jewish people in America goes all the way back to the Jewish scientists and mariners who helped Columbus reach the New World. Later, Jews took an active part in the War of Independence, in the settlement of the West, and in the dynamic expansion of American technology. In medicine, education, trade, the law, politics, the labor movement, religion, motion pictures, athletics, literature, and more, the Jewish people have richly endowed America and the American way of life. American Jews have made their heritage-a heritage of struggle for freedom, knowledge, and human dignity-part of the inheritance of all Americans. In recognition of this contribution, and in an effort to foster understanding and appreciation of the cultural diversity that has made America great, Jewish Heritage Week is celebrated each spring throughout the United States. This April is a particularly appropriate month because it contains events of special significance to the Jewish calendar-Passover, the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Israeli Independence Day, Solidarity Sunday for Soviet Jewry, and the Days of Remembrance of Victims and Survivors of the Holocaust. Therefore, the Congress of the United States, by joint resolution, has requested the President to proclaim April 21 through April 28, 1980, as Jewish Heritage Week (H.J. Res. 474). Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning Monday, April 21, as Jewish Heritage Week. I call upon the people of the United States, Federal and local government officials, and interested organizations to observe that week with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and programs. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day of April in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 10:42 a.m., April 24, 1980] Department of Education Nomination of Cynthia G. Brown To Be Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights. April 24, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Cynthia G. Brown, of Washington, D.C., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Civil Rights, a new position. Brown has been Principal Deputy Director and Deputy Director for Compliance and Enforcement at the Office of Civil Rights (OCR), Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, since 1978. She was born March 18, 1943, in Plainfield, N.J. She received a B.A. from Oberlin College in 1965 and an M.A. in public administration from Maxwell Graduate School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University in 1966. From 1966 to 1970, Brown was with OCR as a civil rights specialist in elementary and secondary education for 768 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 24 Texas and Louisiana, assistant to the Chief of the Education Branch, Division of Program Planning and Development, and Special Assistant to the Director of the Division of Elementary and Secondary Education. From 1970 to 1975, she was a program associate with the Children's Defense Fund of the Washington Research Project, Inc., where she was responsible for oversight of Federal education programs affecting poor and minority students. From 1975 to 1977, she was codirector of the Federal Education Project of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, which provides basic information and technical assistance to parents, community groups, and school officials. From 1977 to 1978, Brown was Deputy Director of OCR for Compliance and Enforcement. She is the author of several articles on school desegregation. Community Services Administration Nomination of Richard John Rios To Be Director. April 24, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Richard John Rios, of Shingle Springs, Calif., to be Director of the Community Services Administration. He would replace Graciela Olivarez, who has resigned. Rios has been director of the California State Office of Economic Opportunity since 1978. He was born April 24, 1942, in San Jose, Calif. He received a B.A. from San Jose State College in 1968. From 1968 to 1971, Rios was director of the Multi-Cultural and Educational Opportunity Program & Services at De Anza College in Cupertino, Calif. From 1971 to 1978, he was executive director of Economic & Social Opportunities, Inc., in San Jose. Rios is chairman of the National State Economic Opportunity Office Directors Economic Development Committee. He is a member of the National Hispanic Political Caucus and the Mexican American Political Association. United States Naval Academy Appointment of Two Members of the Board of Visitors. April 24, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of two persons as members of the Board of Visitors to the United States Naval Academy. They are: Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr., secretary of state of Ohio, a former Ohio State senator, and a 1963 graduate of the Naval Academy; and Salvatore R. Gerbasi, an attorney in private practice in Nassau County, N.Y., and village justice of the Incorporated Village of Munsey Park. Conveyance of the Michigan Army Missile Plant Remarks on Signing H.R. 6464 Into Law. April 24, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. On too rare occasions, a President has an opportunity to perform a duty which is pleasant and productive for everyone concerned, and that is the case with House Bill 6464, which has been promoted and sponsored by Congressman Nedzi and by Senator Levin and by other Members of the House and Senate. This is an extremely important piece of legislation. In this time of transition 769 Apr. 24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 in our automobile industry when we are changing the habits of American buyers, it's extremely important not only to have confidence in and support for the tremendously strong and ingenious domestic automobile manufacturers but also to work closely with the members of the UAW and others who are associated directly with the production of automobiles in our Nation. This is a bill which will transfer, in a very expeditious way, the Army Missile Plant in Sterling Heights, Michigan, from the Army, which will have no further use for it in just a few months, to the organization in Michigan, the Michigan Job Development Authority, responsible for employment and for jobs that are productive and helpful. This transfer will then result in the ability of the authority to sell the property to Volkswagen, who will expedite the modification of this facility into a modern automobile production plant. We hope to see the first automobiles roll off their assembly line in-August of '82? MR. MCLERNON. Yes, sir, '82. THE PRESIDENT. August of '82. And we also expect to see at least 4,000 new employees go to work in this plant. In return for this transfer, the Job Authority will construct for and deliver to the Federal Government two office buildings, and if there is any net profit in the exchange, that would come to the American Government. So, everyone benefits. The Federal Government will benefit, and our Nation will benefit, and of course, we hope that Volkswagen and those who are employed by and benefited in this particular area of Sterling Heights will also benefit greatly. This is one of the examples when you can almost literally have a change of swords into plowshares, where a missile production plant, no longer needed, is designed to produce automobiles. I would like to say, in closing, that this transition period is important, to maintain employment, to strengthen our domestic production with American manufacturers, to welcome into our country foreign manufacturers like Volkswagen, and also to increase export capability of our country, to foreign nations, of automotive machinery including, of course, automobiles themselves. I would like to thank again Mayor Dobry for coming with his entire council body and also the city manager and others, and to thank Senator Levin and Congressmen Nedzi, Blanchard, Dingell, Carr, Bonior, and others, for having played such a major role in the passage of this legislation. It would be a mistake for me to close without acknowledging a very sad occasion, and that is Congressman Nedzi's announcement that he will not be a candidate for reelection. My hope is that he will change his mind. If he doesn't decide to do so, he will have completed a wonderful and beneficial service to the 14th District of Michigan since 1961. And I'm grateful to all those who are assembled here. And all of you have my best wishes for a rapid conclusion of a wonderful opportunity for Sterling Heights, for Michigan, for our Nation, for Volkswagen, and for all others concerned. Thank you very much. SENATOR LEVIN. Thank you very much, Mr. President. As you so well put it, this is one of those bills that really benefits everybody. It benefits the taxpayers by saving the Army at least $5 million a year. It benefits the workers, of course, in Michigan and over 30 other States. Just everybody, literally, benefits by this bill. It's great to be here with Senator Riegle, other Members of the House, of course with Jim McLernon from Volkswagen, the Sterling Heights mayor and 770 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 25 members of the council and the city attorney and city manager. I think they took up half the plane getting here. [Laughter] And we want to thank you for your role in making this legislation possible and in helping us to pull a rabbit out of a hat. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. I might say that there was a lot of competition, as you can well imagine, for a major industrial installation of this kind, and because of the wonderful work of the Sterling Heights community and the congressional delegation, Volkswagen did decide to accept this offer. There were many competing offers, and I'm very grateful it turned out this way. I might say that we did not intercede among the States competing. I would personally have liked to see Georgia considered a little more. [Laughter] But you won on your own merits. And I think another reason that this area was chosen is because Michigan has such a tremendous reservoir of trained, dedicated workers in the automotive industry and a history behind that that brings credit to you and to our country. REPRESENTATIVE NEDZI. Mr. President, thank you very much for your generous comments about me personally. But I would be remiss if I didn't underscore what Senator Levin just mentioned about the cooperation that we received from you and your staff, the Pentagon, the Department of the Army-all working in concert, cooperating. And there were countless calls, countless memoranda, meetings of all sorts. The bill, on the surface, seems relatively simple-everybody wins-and yet we had a very difficult time persuading people of that fact. And thanks to you. THE PRESIDENT. There were a few other State delegations that did not particularly want to see this bill passed. [Laughter] SENATOR LEVIN. And I think, as it turns out, that even they are satisfied that they will benefit. THE PRESIDENT. Oh, I think so; the whole country will. SENATOR LEVIN. Particularly Ohio, for instance, to pick one, is a major beneficiary of this. [Laughter] And I'm not running from Ohio. [Laughter] MR. McLERNON. I left Cincinnati to attend the meeting today. I was giving a speech in Cincinnati when I found out you were going to sign the bill and came here. So, I have no arguments. THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think they were the last two in close competition, were they not? MR. McLERNON. That's right. THE PRESIDENT. And I think after the Ohio delegation discovered that the basic decision had been made, they were also supportive of the legislation. As a matter of fact, in the Senate it passed with a voice vote with no opposition. Well, congratulations to you all. It's nice to see our entire Nation benefit. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:16 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. James McLernon is president of Volkswagen of America, and Anthony Dobry is mayor of Sterling Heights, Mich. As enacted, H.R. 6464 is Public Law 96-238, approved April 24. Rescue Attempt for American Hostages in Iran White House Statement. April 25, 1980 The President has ordered the cancellation of an operation in Iran which was underway to prepare for a rescue of our hostages. The mission was terminated because of equipment failure. During the subsequent withdrawal of American personnel, there was a collision between our aircraft on the ground at a 771 Apr. 25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 remote desert location in Iran. There were no military hostilities, but the President deeply regrets that eight American crew members of the two aircraft were killed and others were injured in the accident. Americans involved in the operation have now been airlifted from Iran, and those who were injured are being given medical treatment and are expected to recover. This mission was not motivated by hostility toward Iran or the Iranian people, and there were no Iranian casualties. Preparations for this rescue mission were ordered for humanitarian reasons, to protect the national interests of this country, and to alleviate international tensions. The President accepts full responsibility for the decision to attempt the rescue. The Nation is deeply grateful to the brave men who were preparing to rescue the hostages. The United States continues to hold the Government of Iran responsible for the safety of the American hostages. The United States remains determined to obtain their safe release at the earliest possible date. Rescue Attempt for American Hostages in Iran Address to the Nation. April 25, 1980 Late yesterday, I cancelled a carefully planned operation which was underway in Iran to position our rescue team for later withdrawal of American hostages, who have been held captive there since November 4. Equipment failure in the rescue helicopters made it necessary to end the mission. As our team was withdrawing, after my order to do so, two of our American aircraft collided on the ground following a refueling operation in a remote desert location in Iran. Other information about this rescue mission will be made available to the American people when it is appropriate to do so. There was no fighting; there was no combat. But to my deep regret, eight of the crewmen of the two aircraft which collided were killed, and several other Americans were hurt in the accident. Our people were immediately airlifted from Iran. Those who were injured have gotten medical treatment, and all of them are expected to recover. No knowledge of this operation by any Iranian officials or authorities was evident to us until several hours after all Americans were withdrawn from Iran. Our rescue team knew and I knew that the operation was certain to be difficult and it was certain to be dangerous. We were all convinced that if and when the rescue operation had been commenced that it had an excellent chance of success. They were all volunteers; they were all highly trained. I met with their leaders before they went on this operation. They knew then what hopes of mine and of all Americans they carried with them. To the families of those who died and who were wounded, I want to express the admiration I feel for the courage of their loved ones and the sorrow that I feel personally for their sacrifice. The mission on which they were embarked was a humanitarian mission. It was not directed against Iran; it was not directed against the people of Iran. It was not undertaken with any feeling of hostility toward Iran or its people. It has caused no Iranian casualties. Planning for this rescue effort began shortly after our Embassy was seized, but for a number of reasons, I waited until now to put those rescue plans into effect. To be feasible, this complex operation had to be the product of intensive planning and intensive training and repeated re 772 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 25 hearsal. However, a resolution of this crisis through negotiations and with voluntary action on the part of the Iranian officials was obviously then, has been, and will be preferable. This rescue attempt had to await my judgment that the Iranian authorities could not or would not resolve this crisis on their own initiative. With the steady unraveling of authority in Iran and the mounting dangers that were posed to the safety of the hostages themselves and the growing realization that their early release was highly unlikely, I made a decision to commence the rescue operations plans. This attempt became a necessity and a duty. The readiness of our team to undertake the rescue made it completely practicable. Accordingly, I made the decision to set our long-developed plans into operation. I ordered this rescue mission prepared in order to safeguard American lives, to protect America's national interests, and to reduce the tensions in the world that have been caused among many nations as this crisis has continued. It was my decision to attempt the rescue operation. It was my decision to cancel it when problems developed in the placement of our rescue team for a future rescue operation. The responsibility is fully my own. In the aftermath of the attempt, we continue to hold the Government of Iran responsible for the safety and for the early release of the American hostages, who have been held so long. The United States remains determined to bring about their safe release at the earliest date possible. As President, I know that our entire Nation feels the deep gratitude I feel for the brave men who were prepared to rescue their fellow Americans from captivity. And as President, I also know that the Nation shares not only my disappoint ment that the rescue effort could not be mounted, because of mechanical difficulties, but also my determination to persevere and to bring all of our hostages home to freedom. We have been disappointed before. We will not give up in our efforts. Throughout this extraordinarily difficult period, we have pursued and will continue to pursue every possible avenue to secure the release of the hostages. In these efforts, the support of the American people and of our friends throughout the world has been a most crucial element. That support of other nations is even more important now. We will seek to continue, along with other nations and with the officials of Iran, a prompt resolution of the crisis without any loss of life and through peaceful and diplomatic means. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 7 a.m. from the Oval Office at the White House. His remarks were broadcast live on radio and television. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. April 19 The President met at the White House with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. April 20 The President amended a major disaster declaration for the State of Louisiana that was granted on April 9 as a result of 773 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 severe storms and flooding which began on March 26. The President declared major disasters for: -the State of Mississippi as a result of severe storms, flooding, mudslides, tornadoes, and high winds, beginning on or about March 28, which caused extensive property damage; -the State of Alabama as a result of severe storms, tornadoes, and flooding, beginning on or about April 12, which caused extensive property damage. April 21 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Richard F. Celeste, Director of the Peace Corps. April 22 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Senator Thomas F. Eagleton of Missouri; -Mr. Moore; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget; -representatives of women's organizations. The President announced that he has appointed Byung H. Nam, of New York City, as a member of the Commission on Presidential Scholars. Nam, 57, is professor of education at Pace University in New York. The White House announced that on June 24 it will sponsor a meeting with rural women as part of a process of consultation initiated in December 1979, when the President announced the small community and rural development policy. April 23 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Robert Carswell, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, R. Robert Russell, Director of the Council on Wage and Price Stability, John P. White, Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Mr. McIntyre; -Mr. Moore; -a delegation from the United Methodist Conference; -Vice President Mondale, Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Barbara Tuchman, selected as the 1980 Jefferson Lecturer in the Humanities by the National Endowment for the Humanities; -a group of Democratic Congressmen from agricultural States, to discuss farm issues and the economy. April 24 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -senior members of the House and Senate conference committee on the Federal Trade Commission reauthorization legislation; -Shimon Peres, chairman of the Israeli Labor Party; -Mr. Moore; 774 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -representatives of the metal and metal products industries; -Vice President Mondale; -a group of Hispanic leaders, to discuss the administration's anti-inflation program; -William Faust, majority leader of the Michigan State Senate. In a ceremony in the Oval Office, the President received diplomatic credentials from Ambassadors Barry Bertrand Lucas Auguste of Saint Lucia, Reginald Lightbourn Wood of the Bahamas, Serge Elie Charles of Haiti, Cecilia Mildred Nana Tau of Lesotho, Francisco Aquino Herrera of El Salvador, and Yoshio Okawara of Japan. April 25 The President met at the White House with: -Vice President Mondale, Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Deputy Secretary of Defense W. Graham Claytor, Jr., Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -a bipartisan group of congressional leaders, to discuss the attempt to rescue the American hostages in Iran; -leaders of the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted April 21, 1980 CLYDE 0. MARTZ, of Colorado, to be Solicitor of the Department of the Interior, vice Leo M. Krulitz, resigned. ALBERT H. BOWKER, of California, to be Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education, Department of Education (new position). Withdrawn April 21, 1980 D. CLIVE SHORT, of Nebraska, to be United States Marshal for the District of Nebraska for the term of 4 years, vice Ronald C. Romans, term expired, which was sent to the Senate on March 20, 1979. Submitted April 22, 1980 A. RUSSELL MARANE, of Georgia, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the New Community Development Corporation, vice William J. White, resigned. EDNA GAYNELL PARKER, of Virginia, to be a judge of the United States Tax Court for a term expiring 15 years after she takes office, vice William H. Quealy, resigned. SHELDON V. EKMAN, of Connecticut, to be a judge of the United States Tax Court for a term expiring 15 years after he takes office, vice William M. Drennen, retired. Submitted April 23, 1980 THOMAS GEORGE ALLISON, of Washington, to be General Counsel of the Department of Transportation, vice Linda Kamm, resigned. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released April 22, 1980 Announcement: White House meeting with rural women on June 24 Released April 23, 1980 Transcript: statement on the European Community decision to impose sanctions against Iran, as read by Press Secretary Jody Powell, and news conference by Mr. Powell and Richard N. Cooper, Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs 775 Administration of Jimnmy Carter, 1980 CHECKLIST-Continued Released April 24, 1980 Fact sheet: act authorizing conveyance of the Michigan Army Missile Plant Announcement: action by Mobil Oil Corp. to comply with the anti-inflation program price standards ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved April 22, 1980 H.R. 6029 ------------- Public Law 96-236 An act providing for the implementation of the International Sugar Agreement, 1977, and for other purposes. ACTS APPROVED-Continued Approved April 24, 1980 H.J. Res. 474 ---------- Public Law 96-237 A joint resolution to authorize and request the President to issue a proclamation designating April 21 through April 28, 1980, as "Jewish Heritage Week." H.R. 6464 --- —-------- Public Law 96-238 An act to authorize the Secretary of the Army to convey to the Michigan Job Development Authority the lands and improvements comprising the Michigan Army Missile Plant in Sterling Heights, Macomb County, Michigan, in return for two new office buildings at the Detroit Arsenal, Warren, Michigan. 776 Week Ending Friday, May 2, 1980 Presidential Commission on World Hunger Statement on the Commission's Report. April 26, 1980 The Report of the Presidential Commission on World Hunger represents a challenge to all Americans. I commend the members of the Commission for their comprehensive analysis and thoughtful proposals. As Chairman Sol Linowitz has noted, few of the measures recommended by the Commission will be easy, and many of the most important will take time. Some will be difficult to implement quickly in the face of fiscal restraints imposed by our fight against inflation. But I agree with the Commission that our national security and our fundamental values compel us to mount a growing effort to build a world without hunger. I intend to make that effort. I have today directed the appropriate departments and agencies of the Federal Government to examine promptly the Commission's proposals and to recommend to me both immediate and longer term action. The Commission's report will be a spur to new achievement; it will not gather dust in the files. I intend to share the Commission's basic message with other national leaders in June at the economic summit conference in Venice, where I will make specific proposals for collective action. I urge the Congress and all Americans to join me in a renewed commitment to mobilize the world's resources in a larger, more effective, and continuing effort to overcome world hunger. NOTE: The report is entitled "Overcoming World Hunger: The Challenge Ahead, Report of the Presidential Commission on World Hunger-March 1980" (Government Printing Office, 251 pages). Rescue Attempt for American Hostages in Iran Letter to the Speaker of the House and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate Reporting on the Operation. April 26, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) Because of my desire that Congress be informed on this matter and consistent with the reporting provisions of the War Powers Resolution of 1973 (Public Law 93-148), I submit this report. On April 24, 1980, elements of the United States Armed Forces under my direction commenced the positioning stage of a rescue operation which was designed, if the subsequent stages had been executed, to effect the rescue of the American hostages who have been held captive in Iran since November 4, 1979, in clear violation of international law and the norms of civilized conduct among nations. The subsequent phases of the operation were not executed. Instead, for the reasons described below, all these elements were withdrawn from Iran and no hostilities occurred. 777 Apr. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 The sole objective of the operation that actually occurred was to position the rescue team for the subsequent effort to withdraw the American hostages. The rescue team was under my overall command and control and required my approval before executing the subsequent phases of the operation designed to effect the rescue itself. No such approval was requested or given because, as described below, the mission was aborted. Beginning approximately 10:30 AM EST on April 24, six U.S. C-130 transport aircraft and eight RH-53 helicopters entered Iran airspace. Their crews were not equipped for combat. Some of the C-130 aircraft carried a force of approximately 90 members of the rescue team equipped for combat, plus various support personnel. From approximately 2 to 4 PM EST the six transports and six of the eight helicopters landed at a remote desert site in Iran approximately 200 miles from Tehran where they disembarked the rescue team, commenced refueling operations and began to prepare for the subsequent phases. During the flight to the remote desert site, two of the eight helicopters developed operating difficulties. One was forced to return to the carrier Nimitz; the second was forced to land in the desert, but its crew was taken aboard another of the helicopters and proceeded on to the landing site. Of the six helicopters which landed at the remote desert site, one developed a serious hydraulic problem and was unable to continue with the mission. The operational plans called for a minimum of six helicopters in good operational condition able to proceed from the desert site. Eight helicopters had been included in the force to provide sufficient redundancy without imposing excessive strains on the refueling and exit require ments of the operation. When the number of helicopters available to continue dropped to five, it was determined that the operation could not proceed as planned. Therefore, on the recommendation of the force commander and my military advisers, I decided to cancel the mission and ordered the United States Armed Forces involved to return from Iran. During the process of withdrawal, one of the helicopters accidentally collided with one of the C-130 aircraft, which was preparing to take off, resulting in the death of eight personnel and the injury of several others. At this point, the decision was made to load all surviving personnel aboard the remaining C-130 aircraft and to abandon the remaining helicopters at the landing site. Altogether, the United States Armed Forces remained on the ground for a total of approximately three hours. The five remaining aircraft took off about 5:45 PM EST and departed from Iran airspace without further incident at about 8:00 PM EST on April 24. No United States Armed Forces remain in Iran. The remote desert area was selected to conceal this phase of the mission from discovery. At no time during the temporary presence of United States Armed Forces in Iran did they encounter Iranian forces of any type. We believe, in fact, that no Iranian military forces were in the desert area, and that the Iranian forces were unaware of the presence of United States Armed Forces until after their departure from Iran. As planned, no hostilities occurred during this phase of the missionthe only phase that was executed. At one point during the period in which United States Armed Forces elements were on the ground at the desert landing site a bus containing forty-four Iranian civilians happened to pass along a 778 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 27 nearby road. The bus was stopped and then disabled. Its occupants were detained by United States Armed Forces until their departure, and then released unharmed. One truck closely followed by a second vehicle also passed by while United States Armed Forces elements were on the ground. These elements stopped the truck by a shot into its headlights. The driver ran to the second vehicle which then escaped across the desert. Neither of these incidents affected the subsequent decision to terminate the mission. Our rescue team knew, and I knew, that the operation was certain to be dangerous. We were all convinced that if and when the rescue phase of the operation had been commenced, it had an excellent chance of success. They were all volunteers; they were all highly trained. I met with their leaders before they went on this operation. They knew then what hopes of mine and of all Americans they carried with them. I share with the nation the highest respect and appreciation for the ability and bravery of all who participated in the mission. To the families of those who died and who were injured, I have expressed the admiration I feel for the courage of their loved ones and the sorrow that I feel personally for their sacrifice. The mission on which they were embarked was a humanitarian mission. It was not directed against Iran. It was not directed against the people of Iran. It caused no Iranian casualties. This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the President's powers under the Constitution as Chief Executive and as Commander-in-Chief of the United States Armed Forces, expressly recognized in Section 8 (d) ( 1 ) of the War Powers Resolution. In carrying out this operation, the United States was acting wholly within its right, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, to protect and rescue its citizens where the government of the territory in which they are located is unable or unwilling to protect them. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Warren G. Magnuson, President pro tempore of the Senate. The text of the letters was released on April 27. Rescue Attempt for American Hostages in Iran Message for the Memorial Service for the Eight Airmen Who Died During the Operation. April27, 1980 I grieve with you for eight fine men who died in the service of America. You have as consolation in your sorrow the memory of their lives. These airmen were your family, your friends and fellow workers, and the job they gave you in their lives can help, in memory and in time, to cover the wound of their deaths. To me and to their country they have left an equal gift: the legacy of their daring spirit. It is the quality which Pericles, some 2500 years ago, marked in the soldiers of his city, when he said: "When Athens shall appear great to you, consider that her glories were produced by valiant men and by men who knew their duty, by men who felt the urgings of honor when they came to act." These men of your family, of America's family, acted for our nation's honor. Their bravery and their free acceptance of great hazards in the line of duty ennoble not just them but all of us. 779 Apr. 27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I pray with you, in memory of them, for the freedom of 53 other Americans in Iran, for the freedom our eight brothers lived to defend and died to try to win. And I pledge myself, in their memory and for all of us, to the other cause worthy of their daring spirit-the cause of a lasting peace for a free America. NOTE: The President's message was read by Maj. Gen. Robert Bond of the U.S. Air Force at the memorial service held in Niceville, Fla., for Capt. Richard L. Bakke, Capt. Hal Lewis, Sgt. Joel C. Mayo, Capt. Lynn D. McIntosh, and Capt. Charles T. McMillan II of the U.S. Air Force and Sgt. John D. Harvey, Cpl. George Holmes, Jr., and Staff Sgt. Dewey L. Johnson of the U.S. Marine Corps. Cuban Refugees Statement by Vice President Walter F. Mondale. April 27, 1980 At the President's request, I chaired a meeting Saturday with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Deputy Secretary of State, and heads of other U.S. departments concerned with the very serious humanitarian problem we are confronting with the plight of growing numbers of Cuban refugees. There is no better proof of the failure of Castro's revolution than the dramatic exodus which is currently taking place. At the same time, we are witnessing a callous, cynical effort by Castro to play on the emotions of the Cuban American community in the United States, to lure members of this community into extraordinarily dangerous and unlawful boat trips, with the very real threat of loss of life at sea. Castro has evaded his responsibility to his citizens and has broken the commitment he made earlier to help with an orderly, prompt, and humane evacuation of refugees. The President has directed U.S. Navy and Coast Guard units in the region to render all possible assistance to those at sea. We call upon the Cuban American community, which has contributed so much to our country, to respect the law and to avoid these dangerous and illegal boat passages. The world will hold Castro responsible for the safety of these Cubans. Cuba must agree to a policy that permits the orderly, safe, and humane evacuation of refugees. We have stated before, and I repeat again, that the United States will contribute to this international effort. I would point out that if Castro wants to expel his people, let him begin by releasing the plantados-those brave Cubans in Boniato prison. These people have suffered for their freedom. The moment they are released, we will have aircraft standing ready to bring them to freedom. The Deputy Secretary of State and other administration officials also met Saturday with leaders of the Cuban American community to continue our consultations. We will continue to give the highest priority to this humanitarian problem. Hostages in the Dominican Republic Embassy in Bogota, Colombia Letter to Colombian President Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala on the Release of the Hostages. April 27, 1980 Dear Mr. President: I am deeply thankful that the siege at the Dominican Embassy has ended with the release of all the hostages. Your firm and patient leadership has achieved its goal: a dignified and peaceful solution. I am particularly grateful for your dedication to the hostages' safety and welfare during the long and delicate negotiations. 780 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 28 As you know, the United States unequivocally condemns all terrorists acts. I am pleased that our two governments have been able to work so closely together in this common struggle. A continued united effort by all governments is vital if terrorist violence around the world is to be curbed. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: On February 27, Colombian terrorists seized the embassy and took as hostages 57 persons, most of whom were diplomats attending a reception there. Over a 61-day period, most of the hostages were released. On April 27, as the result of an agreement the Colombian Government negotiated with the terrorists, U.S. Ambassador to Colombia Diego C. Asencio and the remaining hostages were flown to Havana, Cuba, and released. Hostages in the Dominican Republic Embassy in Bogota, Colombia Letter to U.S. Ambassador to Colombia Diego C. Asencio on His Release. April 27, 1980 Dear Mr. Ambassador: I was delighted to learn of your safe release today. You and your family have been in my thoughts and prayers since your ordeal began 61 days ago. Your courage, resilience, and strength of spirit are a source of pride for all Americans. You have represented America with distinction and dedication. Rosalynn and I join in sending you warmest greetings, and best wishes upon your return to freedom. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: Following his release in Havana, Cuba, Ambassador Asencio flew to Homestead Air Force Base, Fla. The text of the letter was released on April 28. Department of State Exchange of Letters on the Resignation of Cyrus R. Vance as Secretary. April 28, 1980 To Secretary of State Cyrus Vance I accept your resignation with regret, but with deep appreciation for your dedicated and effective service to me and to our country. As mentioned in your letter, we have had notable accomplishments under your leadership as Secretary of State. I share your pride in what has been achieved. Because you could not support my decision regarding the rescue operation in Iran, you have made the correct decision to resign. I know this is a matter of principle with you, and I respect the reasons you have expressed to me. You leave your post with the admiration and best wishes of a grateful nation. Our close friendship and partnership during challenging times have been a source of strength and reassurance to me. I look forward to your continuing advice and counsel on matters of importance to the United States-our country, which you have served so well. Your friend, JIMMY CARTER Monday, April 21 Dear Mr. President: I have the greatest respect and admiration for you and it is with a heavy heart that I submit my resignation. It has been a privilege and a high honor to serve you and our nation. I look with pride and satisfaction at the many actions and new directions which have marked our foreign policy under your leadership. The Panama Canal Treaty, the Camp David Accords, the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty, normalization of relations with the Peoples Republic of China, the strength 781 Apr. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ening of our military forces and our alliances, the negotiation of the SALT II Agreement, the Zimbabwe settlement, and the new thrust and direction given to our relations with the nations of the third world are several of these major steps. I know how deeply you have pondered your decision on Iran. I wish I could support you in it. But for the reasons we have discussed I cannot. You would not be well served in the coming weeks and months by a Secretary of State who could not offer you the public backing you need on an issue and decision of such extraordinary importanceno matter how firm I remain in my support on other issues, as I do, or how loyal I am to you as our leader. Such a situation would be untenable and our relationship, which I value so highly, would constantly suffer. I shall always be grateful to you for having had the opportunity to serve. I shall always have for you the deepest respect and affection, and you know you can count on my support for your continued leadership of our nation. Respectfully yours, CY NOTE: On April 28, Press Secretary Jody Powell read the letters to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House and stated that Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher would serve as Acting Secretary. United States-Canada Agreement on Civil Uses of Atomic Energy Message to the Congress Transmitting a Protocol Amending the Agreement. April 28, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit to the Congress, pursuant to Section 123 d of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2153 (d)), the text of the Protocol Amending the Agreement for Cooperation Concerning Civil Uses of Atomic Energy Between the United States and Canada, along with the accompanying Agreed Minute. The proposed Protocol is accompanied by my written determination, approval and authorization, and by the Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement concerning the Protocol. The joint memorandum submitted to me by the Secretaries of State and Energy, which includes a summary of the provisions of the Protocol, and the views of the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission are also enclosed. The purpose of the proposed Protocol is to extend the present agreement (which expires on July 14), to modernize and expand the framework for peaceful nuclear cooperation between the two countries, and to strengthen the provisions for shared non-proliferation policies and the nuclear supply policies of the United States and Canada. On our part, these policies include the requirements set forth in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978. In my judgment the United StatesCanada Agreement for Cooperation, as proposed to be amended, meets all statutory requirements. I am particularly pleased to transmit such an agreement with Canada, one of the strongest supporters of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and of international nonproliferation efforts generally. The proposed Protocol reflects the desire of the Government of the United States and the Government of Canada to update the framework for peaceful nuclear cooperation between our two countries in a manner that recognizes our common non-proliferation goals as well as the singularly close and extensive relationship between 782 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 28 the United States and Canada in the peaceful applications of nuclear energy. The proposed Protocol will, in my view, further the non-proliferation and other foreign policy interests of the United States. I have considered the views and recommendations and statements of the interested agencies in reviewing the proposed Protocol and have determined that its performance will promote, and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to, the common defense and security. Accordingly, I have approved the agreement and have authorized its execution and urge the Congress to give it favorable consideration. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 28, 1980. United States-German Democratic Republic Consular Convention Message to the Senate Transmitting the Convention. April 28, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I am transmitting, for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification, the Consular Convention between the United States of America and the German Democratic Republic signed at Berlin on September 4, 1979. I am also transmitting, for the information of the Senate, the report of the Department of State with respect to the Convention. The signing of this Convention is a significant step in the process of improving and broadening the relationship between the United States and the German Democratic Republic. Consular relations between the two countries are not now the subject of a modern formal agreement. This Convention will establish firm obligations on such important matters as free communication between a citizen and his consul, notification of consular officers of the arrest and detention of their nationals, and permission for visits by consuls to nationals who are under detention. I also transmit for the information of the Senate a separate exchange of letters, signed on September 4, 1979, setting forth the understanding of each side that consular officers of the sending State have the right of access under Article 39 of the Convention to persons who are citizens of the sending State. It is a generally accepted principle of international law that each State has the sovereign right to determine acquisition, maintenance and loss of its citizenship. I welcome the opportunity through this Consular Convention to improve the relations between the two countries and their nationals. I urge the Senate to give the Convention its prompt and favorable consideration. JIMMY CARTER The White House, April 28, 1980. National Energy Conservation Days, National Transportation Week, 1980 Proclamation 4753. April 28, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The security of our Nation and the vitality of our economy are dependent on our wise use of limited energy resources. Transportation consumes half of our petroleum fuel. As a Nation we have begun to conserve, but we can do much 783 Apr. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 more-by using public transit, by joining carpools and vanpools, by driving efficiently, and by observing the 55 mile-perhour speed limit. Public transit plays an important role in the life of our cities by providing an energy-efficient means of commuting, by helping to relieve congestion, by improving air quality, and by helping to revitalize our downtown areas. Public transit is the best, and sometimes the only, means of transportation for many of our elderly, our poor, and our very young. The national maximum 55 mile-perhour speed limit is a proven way to save lives and energy. If all motorists obeyed the law, we would save almost 6 billion gallons of motor fuel each year. Compliance with the law also saves lives. For the three years before the 55 mile-per-hour speed limit became law annual fatalities averaged more than 54,000. For the following three years the average dropped to 45,000, proving that the law has been the single biggest factor in reducing highway fatalities. The immense expenditure for individual driving adds to inflation, seriously affects our balance of payments, and threatens our standard of living. Careful selection, operation, and maintenance of our vehicles can reverse the trend in operating costs for all of us and reduce the need for imported oil. Ridesharing has enormous energy-saving potential and can reduce substantially our Nation's dependence on imported oil. Currently, 52 million people drive alone to work. If these drivers joined together in sharing the ride, at least 26 million cars would be removed from our congested highways, and we could save an additional 22.7 million gallons of fuel each workday and help improve our air quality. In view of the contributions of these measures to the conservation of our energy resources, Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, designate Monday, May 12, 1980, as National Public Transit Day Tuesday, May 13, 1980, as National Drive 55 Day Wednesday, May 14, 1980, as National Driver Efficiency Day, and Thursday, May 15, 1980, as National Ridesharing Day. I urge all Governors, appropriate Federal officials, transportation organizations, and the people of the United States to join with the U.S. Department of Transportation in observing these days in recognition of the vital role that transportation plays in our daily lives and in the future of an energy-secure America. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:01 p.m., April 28, 1980] Mental Health Month Statement by the President. April 28, 1980 Mental illness exacts a terrible toll on our people. The President's Commission on Mental Health found that as many as 25 percent of Americans may suffer from depression, anxiety, or some other form of emotional disorder at any given time. The victims may be children as well as adults, country people as well as city dwellers, the powerless as well as the powerful, the ordinary man and woman next door as well as the person subjected to extraordinary outside pressure. 784 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 28 Yet millions of people are still afraid or ashamed to seek the help and support that can cure a mild disturbance and prevent its becoming a serious disability. In its final report, the Commission concluded that we must devote more time and energy to the understanding and prevention of mental illness. During May-Mental Health Monththe National Mental Health Association will embark on a permanent, nationwide campaign to teach Americans how to reduce and cope with psychological stress, one of the most serious and costly threats to the health of our people. The National Mental Health Association, composed of a million volunteers working through 850 State and local affiliated organizations, has worked for better mental health care ever since it was founded in 1909. I urge all Americans to cooperate with the Association during May by opening their minds to a better understanding of mental health and of the ways to recognize, reduce, and deal with unhealthy stress. Regulatory Reform Statement on Receiving a Report From the Regulatory Council. April 28, 1980 I have today received a report from the Regulatory Council summarizing reform actions taken by executive and independent regulatory agencies since 1978. The report outlines more than 130 reform initiatives undertaken by executive and independent agencies. I am pleased to receive the report, and I thank the Regulatory Council and its Chair, Douglas Costle, for preparing it. Since I took office, this administration has been working to eliminate unneeded regulations and to reduce the burdens imposed by those we do need. Regulatory reform can make it possible to achieve important regulatory goals, such as clean air and water, safer workplaces and products, and an end to discrimination, more effectively and at less cost than in the past. When competition is held back by Federal regulatory intervention, the result is higher prices. Working with Congress, we have pushed forward the broadest economic deregulation program in the history of this Nation. Total or partial deregulation is underway for the airlines, crude oil and natural gas, and financial institutions. I am now working with Congress to reduce regulation in the trucking, railroad, and communications industries. In the meantime, as this report demonstrates, the departments and agencies responsible for these industries have taken steps to enhance competition under their existing authority. The benefit to our Nation from these efforts is clear. Deregulation of the airline industry, for instance, has saved consumers $5 billion over the past 2 years. Trucking deregulation will save, by the Congressional Budget Office's estimate, about $8 billion a year. During the past 3 years, I have used my authority as President to improve and streamline the overall process of regulation and to reduce paperwork requirements by 15 percent. I am working with Congress to complete action this session on my regulation reform act. I am pleased that this report demonstrates the strong commitment to regulatory reform of the men and women I appointed to manage the regulatory system. 785 Apr. 28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 San Antonio, Texas Remarks and an Informal Exchange With Reporters After Visiting the Five Men Injured During the Rescue Attempt for American Hostages in Iran. April 28, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. I just had the high privilege and honor of visiting five brave men-Americans who were willing to offer their lives for the freedom of their fellow Americans who are being held hostage in Iran: Airman Bill Tootle, Staff Sergeant Joseph Beyers, Lieutenant Jeffrey Harrison, Major Leslie Petty, Major James Schafer. Every one of these men expressed to me immediately their gratitude for a chance to participate in this rescue operation and their immediate offer to continue in every possible way, including a repetition of the offer of their lives, to secure the safety and the freedom of the hostages. All of them are doing well. Two of them are seriously injured, but recovering satisfactorily from their burns. And our Nation owes to them a great debt of gratitude and appreciation and respect and admiration for their willingness to sacrifice in the highest call of their chosen profession. This has been a long and difficult time for our Nation. But we are reinspired and rededicated to freedom and the responsibilities of a free nation in a democracy by the self-sacrificial and heroic attitude of these men. I am overwhelmed with emotion when I look at and speak to these men. And I'm filled with a sense of abhorrence and horror at the actions of Iranian officials in recent days, who violated all principles of humanity and decency by exhibiting the bodies of the fellow warriors of these brave men in Iran. They did not and could not bring dishonor on those who fell in the performance of their duty. They only brought dishonor on themselves, and they indicated by this inhumane act of displaying these bodies the kind of people with whom we have been dealing to try to secure the freedom of our fellow Americans. This is a proud and great nation. We want peace with all. We believe in treating others with respect and with good will and with decency, but with strength. And we are as determined and as deeply committed now as we have ever been to secure the freedom of our fellow Americans. Thank you very much for letting me appear before you to express the feelings and the appreciation of a grateful nation to the officers and men whom I have just had the honor to visit. Thank you very much. REPORTER. Mr. President, how badly does Secretary Vance's resignation hurt you and also hurt the efforts to free the hostages? THE PRESIDENT. Secretary Vance is a fine and dedicated man who has served me and served this Nation well. He leaves his post with a series of great accomplishments behind him, with an offer to help me in any way I ask him in the future, and with my gratitude and friendship intact. His departure did not have any adverse effect at all on the efforts to rescue the American hostages. Q. Excuse me, sir, I was asking about the future. THE PRESIDENT. Nor will it have any impact on the future. Q. Do you have any idea of the whereabouts now of the hostages or when the bodies will be returned to the United States? THE PRESIDENT. I don't know when the bodies will be returned. What we know about the whereabouts of the hostages, I think, would best not be discussed. Q. What can we do next, sir? What can we do in Iran? 786 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 29 THE PRESIDENT. I can't say. Q. So, that means that you do know? THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:25 p.m. outside the Brooks Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston, after visiting Staff Sergeant Beyers, Lieutenant Harrison, and Majors Petty and Schafer. While at the Center, the President also met with members of Sergeant Beyers' and Major Petty's families. Earlier, the President had visited Airman Tootle in Wilford Hall of the U.S. Air Force Medical Center at Lackland Air Force Base. Energy Conservation in Transportation Remarks at a White House Briefing. April 29, 1980 I'd like to thank all of you personally, first of all, for coming to this event this afternoon. I know that you're deeply interested in the energy security of our Nation, and I know that there are many other important issues which are of great concern to you as leaders in your own community and in your own professions. The disappointing events in Iran have been of great concern to our Nation, and I know they must encompass a large part of your consciousness and your thoughts during these troubling days. As President and Commander in Chief, I have been very proud lately of the strength of our Nation, the unity of our country, the commitment of our people, the heroism of our warriors who offered their lives for the concept of freedom and for the freedom of our American hostages. This evening I have a press conference, and I'll discuss these and other issues of importance to our conutry at that time. But I would like to say that I am abso lutely sure that I made the right choice in sending the rescue mission into Iran, and the men who went have expressed their personal thanks to me for giving them this opportunity to serve their country. This afternoon, because of the importance of our subject, I want to move directly into it. It concerns you and every human being who lives in this country. And we must not forget that the recent events in Afghanistan and Iran and the Middle East, our relationship with our allies around the world, economic problems which are faced by our Nation and others, are all directly related to the subject which we will discuss this afternoon. There is no single action that I can think of that all Americans can take that would be any more beneficial than to come to the conclusion that energy is a precious and a scarce and an expensive necessity of life. To put it bluntly, we must not let America be held hostage to foreign oil. We must conserve it, eliminate waste in every possible way we can. Our country is at one end of a 12,000 -mile supply line, and half the oil that we use is on the other end of that supply line. Energy security is a vital link, also, between national military security on the one hand, and economic security at home. Our dependence on imported oil this year will cost us $90 billion. That's more than $400 for every man, woman, and child in this country, and it's more than the net income of all the Fortune 500 combined. Oil imports are the greatest single factor in the high inflation which afflicts our country. Oil imports hurt our balance of trade, it hurts our productivity, it hurts our unemployment rate, it hurts the value of our dollar. For the last 3 years, as you know, I've been fighting without letup, working with the Congress and with many of you, to evolve for our country a comprehensive national energy policy, which we have 787 Apr. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 never had. We've almost reached that goal. There's a clear legal basis now for the deregulation of our major energy sources over a phased, careful, proper interval. We've got the windfall profits tax now signed into law and implemented. The Energy Security Corporation and the Energy Mobilization Board legislation is well on the way to conclusion by the conference committees, and I hope that within the very near future-just a matter of weeks-we will have concluded this very difficult, very onerous, very divisive task which the Congress has assumed for itself. America will at last have the means to increase production in this country of oil, natural gas, coal, of solar power, and other alternative energy sources, and to have a major emphasis on conservation. It's a comprehensive program; it has to be, because it's such a massive problem. We have clarified issues which have never been adequately debated before. We have a much clearer concept now of the problem and of the possible solutions to that problem. Our Nation is highly educated compared to what it was 2 years ago or 3 years ago concerning the problems relating to energy and the special blessings which our country has in our energy reserves. But we will never reach our goals of energy security without a nationwide determination to use energy more efficiently. For 3 years, I have been advocating repeatedly that the best energy that we can describe or encompass is that which we save, which we do not waste. It's the quickest, cheapest, cleanest way to increase the reserves of energy which we actually need to consume. And we're at last seeing some good results. As you know, in our country in the past, in most countries still, there has been a rapid escalation from one year to another in the amount of total energy consumed, particularly oil. Last year we saw a 5-percent reduction-this year compared to last year-in oil consumed. But perils abroad and the high prices at home still make it clear to all Americans, including, I know, all of you assembled here, that we must do more. I believe that if we can launch successfully a clear, dedicated, persistent effort that will involve literally millions of Americans, that we can finally achieve the purpose that we've endorsed. We can accomplish a 25-percent reduction in energy used for transportation, for heating and cooling buildings, and for industry. On March the 14th, I directed the Secretary of Energy to develop an intensified national energy conservation program which would involve every level of government, business, labor, private citizensin fact, every citizen-in conserving America's energy. At the same time, I set a goal of reducing our average daily gasoline consumption by 400,000 barrels per day in 1980 alone. That's an annual savings of about $6 billion. The first of these efforts, developed with the cooperation of Secretary Goldschmidt, Department of Transportation, concentrates on transportation, and followup programs will extend to family residences, buildings of all kinds, and to farms. Buildings will be primarily relating to HUD, under Secretary Landrieu, and farm conservation will be primarily the responsibility of Secretary Bergland. Commerce Secretary Klutznick is working closely with this group to encourage broad participation by businesses in their operations and within their buildings themselves. We're trying to make this effort available to all parts of the Nation, with a series of regional meetings and 788 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 29 training programs which will educate the public. Transportation is our first priority not by accident, but because gasoline accounts for approximately 50 percent of all the oil that we use in this country. Less driving and better driving are simply commonsense ways to save money and to help our own country. The initial conservation approaches are designed for ridesharing and for driving efficiency. This, again, is a challenging and a complicated subject. By ridesharing I don't mean just carpools and vanpools, but subscription buses and public transit and also the absence of the use of any motorized vehicle. This morning, for instance, more than 52 million Americans drove to work alone. That's 156 million empty seats going to places of employment every day. If just half these commuters had doubled up, the country could have saved 14.7 million barrels of gasoline this day. That's 375,000 barrels of oil. Last fall, I appointed a national task force under Secretary Goldschmidt to develop ridesharing programs for the public and private sectors. Mayor Tom Bradley is the chairman. Governor Grasso, Thornton Bradshaw, and other members of the task force have been working on this program effectively and with a great deal of determination. Some organizations have already instituted payroll deductions to make it more convenient for their employees to commute by public transit. Some have developed extensive carpools and vanpool programs. They can do more, and others can certainly join this effort. Here are some of the other important efforts that we are encouraging: driver training; trip planning; improved vehicle mileage, operation, and maintenance; and compliance with speed limits. It's esti mated that a well-tuned, well-driven, fuelefficient car with properly inflated tires can use up to 20 percent less gasoline. It also makes good sense to save money by walking and by riding bicycles to nearby shopping centers or for short trips, especially if the employees and the stores provide proper facilities. Individual good sense and common good are one and the same thing. Many of you here already have programs, I know, to encourage such savings, and I urge you to redouble your efforts. I also urge others to get started now. As we enter our heaviest driving season of the year, I call on all members of the private and the public sectors to encourage ridesharing and transit use, promote better driver efficiency, and to inform the public, through various means of education and promotion and advertisement, of the methods and the advantages of conservation. I'm specifically asking each one of you to commit to the specific goals that are set for your organization in the material that you've been given. Some of these goals are to establish a 20-percent participation by all employees in a business; if you already have a good program, to increase by 20 percent the number of employees who are participating. We call this the 20/20 program. It will promote fuelefficient motoring by individual motorists and also by vehicle fleets. I hope that you will conduct information programs to teach your own employees and teach the general public about how they can realize savings through better driving habits and to appoint an energy conservation manager in each company or firm or goverment entity in order to be specifically responsible for carrying out these goals. I ask that you respond by May 15 to the question 789 Apr. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 naire that we have included in this material given to you, pledge forms, just saying that you will set an example, as leaders, in initiating this transportation conservation program. And I would like to have a complete report through Secretary Goldschmidt by Labor Day, and again at the end of this year. Along with the transportation effort, we're also focusing on ways that the farmers can cut production costs and increase income through fuel-saving devices. Fuel now represents about 17 percent of the total expenditure on expenses of a farm. If, in 1980, farmers were able to just save 5 percent of their energy consumed through conservation practices, their net farm income would be increased $425 million, and 10 million barrels of oil could be saved. We'll also launch very shortly another parallel effort on building weatherization. We've already been doing experiments under a Federal agency to take choice buildings, carefully selected, in specific communities around the Nation, to see which kinds of weatherization programs are the most effective per dollar in saving energy. I know that business, again, labor, all citizens, can participate. To produce a high level of citizen participation and to publicize progress, I'm establishing a President's award program for energy efficiency. The first awards will be designed to recognize those who've done the best job in saving energy in transportation. A council for energy efficiency will represent all sectors of our society in encouraging efforts to achieve energy efficiency overall. The most difficult, single job in the entire crucial effort in our country to save energy and to give us better national security is to convince every single Ameri can that he or she, as just one individual, can take action that will truly be significant. The cumulative effect of that is profound, but it's difficult to convince every person that their small part can be meaningful. This is not an easy thing to do. I'm not asking anyone in this room to do anything that I will not attempt to accomplish under my responsibility in the Federal Government. Secretary Duncan and Administrator Freeman of GSA-they are the Federal Government's management arm-have assured me that the Federal Government will undertake the same accomplishments of goals that I'm asking you to take yourselves. But it's your cooperation that the Nation needs most. There is no way that the cumulative impact of the entire Federal Government, with all its programs, can come close to meeting the achievements that are possible in the private sector. Well, in concluding, let me say that the 250 groups represented here today, as dedicated and competent leaders, trusted by your peers and by your subordinatesand by your employers, if the heads of your corporations are not here today-can pyramid into literally thousands of groups and represent literally millions of Americans. For transportation in particular, our goal is to reach every single driver in the United States. And for our conservation effort in its general terms, including homes and agriculture and business, our goal is to reach every single citizen in this country. The benefits to our country will be great. The consequences of failure will also be profound. I have never known in history our Nation to fail if it could identify a problem clearly and unite in the effort to solve that problem. My own assessment, after 3 years of intense effort, 790 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 29 sometimes frustrating effort, is that the American people have finally been aroused to recognize the problem of limited energy resources. Interrupted supplies, uncertainty among foreign producers, and inevitable past, present, and future increases in the cost of energy are indeed powerful motivating forces. As President, my time is valuable, as is yours, and I come here recognizing that this forum this afternoon is important enough for a President to spend his time preparing for it and working on it. And I hope you'll see the task that I've asked you to assume in the same light, not let your efforts be limited simply by carrying out very narrowly, in your own immediate circle of responsibility, the details of what is in even that material that you've had, but to let your own influence be exerted through meetings similar to this that you might call in your own community or in your own trade organizations to magnify as tremendously as possible your own beneficial impact on shaping the future of our country. It is imperative that our country's security be guaranteed. It's imperative that our Nation's economic future be protected. And the key element in both those requirements is to make us less dependent upon uncertain supplies of foreign oil, and the effectiveness with which we are able to marshal a commitment of all Americans to stop wasting energy is the easiest, the simplest, the most effective but, at the same time, most challenging task before us. We can join what's best for each person in saving money and having a better life, what's best for our Nation and its life in the future, by having a sound economy and a secure nation through energy conservation. You've got a partner in the Oval Office who has a high motivation to work with you, and I'm sure I can depend on each one of you, as qualified and dedicated and patriotic Americans, to do the best you can in this important, common endeavor. We cannot afford to let our Nation down, and I'm sure that you will not disappoint us. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 1:48 p.m. in the East Room at the White House to a group of business and labor leaders, State and local officials, and executives of trade associations. Presentations by Secretary of Energy Duncan and Secretary of Transportation Goldschmidt and a panel discussion followed the President's remarks to the group. Department of State Remarks Announcing the Selection of Senator Edmund S. Muskie as Secretary. April 29, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. I'm extremely pleased to announce to the Nation that Senator Ed Muskie has accepted my offer to become our next Secretary of State. Senator Muskie brings to the senior position in a President's Cabinet years of experience in foreign policy, a very deep and profound knowledge of our country, the esteem and respect of his fellow Senators, sound judgment and integrity which will be a great asset in this challenging position. His extensive knowledge of foreign affairs will be a very valuable asset as he joins Warren Christopher, who will be the Deputy Secretary of State, and their partnership will be a great benefit to our entire Nation. This will provide continuity for our foreign policy and give us the strength and wisdom which is necessary in this important post. 791 Apr. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 I'm very grateful this afternoon that Secretary Vance has joined us. He has served with distinction and with honor. The constructive accomplishments of his administration as Secretary of State have brought credit not only to him but to our Nation as well. Our country has always benefited in times of trouble when strong men and women have come forward to serve. I'm very glad that the strength and vision of Senator Ed Muskie will now be applied to the tasks that face us all-the challenge of defending our Nation's honor, of promoting our national interest, of providing leadership throughout the world, and maintaining our country at peace. It's a distinct pleasure and honor for me to introduce to this group and to our Nation, Senator Ed Muskie, who will be our next Secretary of State. Ed, congratulations to you. SENATOR MUSKIE. Thank you very much, Mr. President, for that generous expression of confidence. You notice I didn't say thank you for the appointment; I'll reserve that judgment until later. But in any case, it is a pleasure to have this-and a privilege-to have this opportunity of service in a new field in the months ahead. I've got to say at the outset that I leave the Senate with very genuine regret. It has been my home and my life for more than 20 years. I hope that I've contributed something to making it a better institution. May I say, secondly, that to follow in the footsteps of a close friend and a man for whom I have the most profound respect is a silver moment. Cy Vance has been a dedicated and effective world leader. He has left a legacy of good will and concern for the welfare of all people. He has dedicated himself to the endless search for peace. The world is in turmoil. The issues are complex. But I believe that in this instability the United States must be perceived as stable and as a source of strength in the free world. As Secretary of State, I will devote my full energies to achieve these goals. I respond to this challenge with genuine hope. America remains a land of great opportunity. If these are dangerous times, they are also times of uncommon opportunities. I harbor no doubt that the great majority of Americans share that view and will sacrifice to that end, and I cannot stand in the wings when so much is at risk and so many have raised questions about the country's sense of purpose. And so let me end as I began: first, to thank the people of Maine for their unstinting support for many years, and to recognize a great contribution already made by Secretary Vance, and my thanks to the President for an awesome but a stimulating challenge as I face the months ahead. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Mr. Secretary. NOTE: The President spoke at 5 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House. Following his remarks, Senator Muskie answered reporters' questions, and the question-and-answer session is included in the press release. THE PRESIDENT'S NEWS CONFERENCE OF APRIL 29, 1980 RESCUE MISSION FOR AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN THE PRESIDENT. Before answering questions this evening, I would like to say a 792 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.2 Apr. 29 few words about the rescue mission in Iran. I share the disappointment of the American people that this rescue mission was not successful, and I also share the grief of our Nation because we had Americans who were casualties in this effort to seek freedom for their fellow citizens who have been held hostage for so long. But I also share a deep pride in the commitment and courage and the integrity and the competence and the determination of those who went on this mission. They were prepared to do their duty, and they did their duty. I can think of no higher compliment for a Commander in Chief to pay to brave men. It was my responsibility as President to launch this mission. It was my responsibility to terminate the mission when it ended. This was a decision that was shared completely by the field commander in charge of the rescue team and by the officer in charge of the overall force that was involved in the rescue effort. There is a deeper failure than that of incomplete success, and that is the failure to attempt a worthy effort, a failure to try. This is a sentiment shared by the men who went on the mission. Sunday I met with a large group of men who were the core of this effort., and yesterday I visited, in San Antonio area, the five men who were most seriously wounded. They all shared a common message to me and to the American people. The first message was one of regret, deep regret, that they failed to carry out the mission as planned. The second one was an expression of thanks to me for giving them the honor to attempt to deliver to freedom the American hostages. And the third was a request, expressed almost unanimously by them, to be -permitted to try again. Our Nation does face serious challenges, serious problems, and the meeting of those challenges and the solution of those problems require sacrifice. Sometimes we who are safe consider the sacrifices to be onerous,5 but I forgot those sacrifices when I looked into the face of these men who are not only willing but eager to give their lives as a sacrifice for others, whom they did not know personally, but in a determination to grant freedom to them. Our goal in Iran is not to conquer; neither was theirs. Their goal was not to destroy nor to injure anyone. As they left Iran, following an unpredictable accident during the withdrawal stage, with eight of their fellow warriors dead, they carefully released, without harm, 44 Iranians who had passed by the site and who were detained to protect the integrity of the mission. This is in sharp comparison to the goulish action of the terrorists and some of the Government officials in Iran, in our Embassy this weekend, who displayed in a 'horrible exhibition of inhumanity the bodies of our courageous Americans. This has aroused the disgust and contempt of the rest of the world and indicates quite clearly the kinds of people with whom we have been dealing in a peaceful effort to secure a resolution of this crisis. They did not bring shame and dishonor on those fallen Americans; they brought shame and dishonor on themselves. We will continue to try for a peaceful solution. As we see the consequences of the actions that we've already taken, economic and diplomatic actions continue to punish Iran, a nation that is suffering from economic deprivation and from political fragmentation because they persist in this inhuman act. We will not forget our hostages, and we will continue to take whatever steps are 793 Apr. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 necessary and feasible to secure their safe release and their return to their homes and to freedom. I'd be glad to answer questions. Mr. Cormier [Frank Cormier, Associated Press]. QUESTIONS POSSIBILITY OF FOREIGN POLICY SUMMIT MEETING Q. Mr. President, would you consider an early summit meeting with your principal allies, who seem to seek some reassurance about the basic thrust of your foreign policy? And I'm talking about a meeting prior to the Vienna [Venice] summit in June. THE PRESIDENT. No, I see no need for this. There is no doubt among our allies about our basic foreign policy, nor have they indicated any such doubt to me. I'm sure of that. When we do meet in Venice in June, the primary purpose of this annual meeting is to discuss economic mattersenergy, inflation, unemployment, the development of our common resources and a better life for our people. But we have an adequate time for political discussions and for discussions about diplomatic matters, and I see no urgency nor need to meet prior to that time. TIMING OF HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, after so many months of restraint, why did you undertake a mission that involved, endangered so many lives, a mission that you said was not feasible all along? And with all due respect, has national pride taken precedence over the safety of the hostages, that is the need to end this problem? THE PRESIDENT. No. I think the time that we chose was a proper time. We devoted those months of our hostages' incarceration to repeated and varied diplomatic efforts directly and through intermediaries, through the United Nations, through our friends and others. We were promised repeatedly by Iranian officials, by the President, the Prime Ministers, Foreign Minister, by a unanimous vote of the Revolutionary Council, even by the terrorists themselves, that the hostages would indeed be released by the terrorists and turned over to control of the Government, at which time further steps could be taken to secure their complete release and their return home. Beginning back in November when the hostages were first taken, we began preparations for a rescue mission which would have had to be undertaken had the hostages been injured in any way. At the time we began final plans for this particular rescue mission, we had concluded repeated exercises and training of both men and equipment and technique and procedure and had honed it down to a fine operation, which everyone believed had a good chance for success. Had we waited later, it would have been much [more] difficult to conclude the mission successfully, because of the increasingly short nights and because of the prevailing winds being likely to change, making strong headwinds against our planes and helicopters, and because the temperature of the air made it much more difficult to lift large loads required in this long and very complicated process. So, we exhausted every peaceful procedure; we waited until the proper moment; we could not logically have waited much longer. And I think the decision was made properly. 794 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 29 TERMINATION OF HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, this is a Monday morning quarterback question. THE PRESIDENT. It's not the first one, but go ahead. Q. This is from the side that says you went too far: What were the odds on the success of the mission? And then the second question, that you didn't go far enough: Why didn't you press ahead with only five helicopters, overrule the guy on the ground? THE PRESIDENT. I think the mission had to be planned with an optimum number of both men and with the equipment they required in order to ensure secrecy, incisiveness, staying on a very rigid schedule, accommodating unforeseen circumstances. And at the time the mission was terminated, we did it with great regret. There had been a prior understanding among all of us involved in the detailed planning that if we got below six functioning helicopters, the mission to actually go in for the rescue attempt would have been very doubtful of success and ill-conceived. The recommendation came back from the refueling operation in the desert area that since they were down to only five helicopters, that the mission should not be undertaken-the actual rescue attempt. The commanding officer of the entire operation agreed, made this recommendation to me, and I agreed myself. The people who were on the ground in charge of the rescue team were extremely eager, courageous, dedicated, and determined to succeed. When they recommended that it not be done, that was a major factor in my decision. But I made the final decision. IRANIAN GUILT AND RESOLUTION OF HOSTAGE SITUATION Q. Mr. President, you said a great nation like the United States can be forgiving of its enemies without losing face or bringing insult on itself. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. In view of the painful bloodshed and loss of life suffered by so many Iranian people under the Pahlavi rule, by the 53 hostages and their families, and now by the families of the American soldiers killed in the rescue attempt, isn't there some honorable way that the mutual sorrow of the Iranian people and now the American people can resolve this crisis without further confrontation? Can you now, will you now, make a gesture to the people of Iran so that the bloodshed and suffering can be put behind after 27 years? THE PRESIDENT. It's important for American people and for all the world to realize the tremendous restraint that we have demonstrated. We have tried every possible and feasible effort to resolve this crisis by humanitarian and peaceful means. We are still continuing those efforts. The fact is, though, that a horrible crime, as measured by international law, by diplomatic custom, and against humanity itself, is being perpetrated at this very minute. The 53 hostages being held are not guilty of any crime. The crime is being committed by terrorists who are kidnaping innocent victims, sponsored by and approved by Government officials themselves. In two votes in the Security Council of the United Nations, unanimous votes, Iran was condemned for this action. And in the International Court of Justice, that decision was confirmed. We have nothing against the Iranian people, and we still want to see this is 795 Apr. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 sue resolved successfully and peacefully. But there is no guilt that I feel on behalf of our Nation for what occurs in Iran. We were very careful on this particular operation to cause no harm or injury or death to any Iranians. It is a very troubling thing for me that Americans, because of an accident, did lose their lives and were injured. They were not met by any Iranian forces. No Iranian officials discovered the presence of the American rescue team until several hours after the last one had left Iranian soil. So, we want this issue to be settled, but we cannot deal with inhumane people who have no respect for international law, who violate the tenets of their own religion, and who persecute innocent people who are American citizens and deprive them of their freedom for 6 months. There is no equality about it at all. We are eager to see this issue resolved, but Iran is the nation which is committing a crime. We have tried to settle this in accordance with international law and peacefully, and we will continue to do so. AMERICANS KILLED DURING HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, you have noted that Iranian leaders joined in the desecration of the bodies of American servicemen. THE PRESIDENT. Yes, that's right. Q. Do you think that this will affect our negotiations to try to free the hostages, and what effect do you think it will have? THE PRESIDENT. The man who supervised the desecration of the bodies was a member of the Revolutionary Council. I think it is accurate to say that other members of the Iranian Government did publicly condemn this abhorrent act and have now promised to deliver the American bodies to intermediaries, to be delivered, ultimately, back to our country. We hope that this commitment will be kept, and I pray that it will. But the fact that the terrorists participated in the desecration is an indication of the kind of people they are and a vivid indication of the difficulties that we have experienced in getting what seems to be required-a unanimous decision by terrorists, the top officials, the Revolutionary Council, and the Ayatollah Khomeinibefore this crime can be terminated. Judy [Judy Woodruff, NBC News]. SITUATION IN IRAN AND OTHER PRESIDENTIAL RESPONSIBILITIES Q. Mr. President, why have you permitted the taking of the hostages in Iran to continue to monopolize your time and your attention, when there are other international crises that are equally important to the security of this country and when your preoccupation with what has happened in Iran only seems to make the Iranian leaders more stubborn? THE PRESIDENT. There is no way that I could possibly confine my activities or my attention to one single facet of American life or diplomacy to the exclusion of others. It has been a major preoccupation of mine and the American people that these hostages are held. But we've had to deal with simultaneous domestic and international problems concurrently. We have, for instance, met, I think as forcefully as is practicable and advisable, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, mounting economic sanctions against the Soviet Union, marshaling support of other nations for the boycott of the Olympics, letting the Soviets know, with 104 members of the U.N. condemning their action in the invasion of Afghanistan. I've spent a great deal of time the last couple of weeks, for instance, continuing 796 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 29 our negotiations for peace between Israel and Egypt and the establishment of autonomous government in the West Bank and Gaza area. I've worked on inflation problems in our Nation and also on the problem of employment and the dealing with the diplomatic relationships of a routine nature with other countries. So, we have an ongoing program in this Government that is being well cared for. It's unfortunate that the hostage situation has been the human kind of concern that has been dominant in our consciousness even when we were doing our duties in other matters. NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER AND SECRETARY OF STATE Q. Mr. President, there seems to be a growing impression in this town that your National Security Adviser is gaining influence at the expense of your Secretary of State, even speculation that that may have been a factor in Mr. Vance's resignation. Would you care to comment on this? THE PRESIDENT. That's an erroneous report. I think we have a very good and proper balance of advisers who comprise the National Security Council, who work with me on military and foreign affairs. I think that Secretary Vance expressed, as an honorable man, very meticulous in his language, his reason for resignation. I regretted his decision. Under the circumstances, I think it was the proper one. But never in the past and never in the future while I'm here will there be any unwarranted intervention in the carrying out of the foreign policy under the aegis of the State Department. But I reserve the right to receive advice and counsel from my advisers. That's the best way I can make the proper decision once I have all the facts and all the advice that I seek. Mr. Schorr [Daniel Schorr, Cable News Network]. PHASES OF HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, you've been widely applauded, judging by the polls, for having made this effort with regard to freeing the hostages. And it seems to me that if there are any lingering misgivings among the American people, it is among those who wonder whether the whole plan could have worked without serious danger to some of the hostages and perhaps to our international interests. Secretary Vance has been too meticulous, in your words, to have expressed objections, but he's supposed to have had objection to the whole operation. Within the limits of security, could you tell us enough about the further planned phases of this operation, so that Americans will understand that it could have worked? THE PRESIDENT. It would be inadvisable for me to describe the operation beyond the point that actually did occur. We had intended to place the rescue team in an isolated region within a proper distance of Tehran. And then if everything was satisfactory, if they were undetected, if there was no apparent change in the circumstances within the compound itself, if the weather conditions warranted and equipment was in a satisfactory condition, only then were we to undertake the actual rescue operation. There's a general consensus, with which I think no one disagrees, that the actual rescue operation would have been the easiest of the three phases; the most difficult, the intrusion into Iran and the placement of those forces; and the second most difficult, the actual extraction of our hostages and men from Iran after the rescue itself from the compound. 797 Apr. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 But the details of what would have been undertaken is something that I would prefer not to comment on since it did not occur. MINORITIES AND THE ECONOMY Q. Mr. President, on the economy, the U.S. economy is basically in a recession, and to black Americans that means that we're in a depression. I'm wondering if you would consider naming an advisory team or a special commission to look into resolving some of the problems of blacks in this depressionary state. THE PRESIDENT. We have such an advisory group, made up of both black Americans who serve in positions of authority and others who happen not to be members of minority groups, who work intimately on this problem in a continuing way. The decisions to be made in an economy that is suffering from too high interest rates and too high inflation rates is a very complicated one. We have made our decisions based on as thorough an analysis as we could within the Government and with the advice and the counsel of many around the Nation who are not part of the Federal Government. This includes, for instance, the mayors of some of our major cities, who happen to be black, and other minority groups, like those who speak Spanish. I think the most cruel kind of suffering that is perpetrated economically on a minority citizen and others is the combination of unemployment in a community and inflation, which afflicts every American who is employed or not. I think the proposals that we have put forward, early last month, to arrest the inflation rate and to start driving down inerest rates and the inflation rate is going to work. And we have carefully targeted programs that have not been disturbed, to maintain as high a level of employment as possible during this transition phase from a rapidly growing economy with extremely high inflation and interest rates, to one that is growing not so fast, where employment does tend to creep up and requires Government programs focused upon that unemployment problem. It's not going to be an easy transition phase, but we've already seen interest rates start dropping very rapidly lately. I think the inflation rate is going to go down this summer, if we are moderately fortunate, and we're going to do the best we can to prevent any adverse effect on those who suffer from unemployment at the same time. Mr. Schram [Martin J. Schram, Washington Post]. SECRETARY OF STATE VANCE AND HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, I'd like to follow up an earlier question. Were there aspects of the military plan that we are not familiar with that perhaps provided the basis for Secretary Vance's dissent-perhaps air strikes-and if not, could you tell us what your understanding is of just what his dissent was about? THE PRESIDENT. I think it would be better to ask him about the specifics. I think I can say accurately that Secretary Vance preferred that we not take any kind of action inside Iran that might have had any connotation of a military nature. His preference was to wait longer instead of mounting the rescue operation. But I made the decision based on the overwhelming recommendation and concurrence with other advisers. I have no doubt at all in my mind that it was the right decision. 798 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 29 Had the operation been successful or even had it been concluded without complete success, it would have ended a continuing crisis that is destabilizing for the people of Iran, that's causing them immense political and economic suffering at this very moment, and it would have made unnecessary the upcoming economic pressures on Iran, which will be much more severe when our major allies impose those same kinds of economic sanctions on Jran the middle of next month. It woul q also have meant that we could have bee un rise storing Iran as an accepted n tsion ini thke world structure and remove the reasons for condemnation of thenrs. So, in my opinion the operation had a very good chance of success..nd it would have brought to a conclusion this unfortunate holding of our hostages and ended what is a very destabilizing political situation in that region of the world. Q. Mr. President, could I follow up on that? THE PRESIDENT. You may. Q. Just to be specific, there was no other aspect of the plan with which we are not familiar that provided the basis of his dissent; it was just a broad and general dissent? THE PRESIDENT. I believe that's accurate, but you might want to follow that up with Secretary Vance later. But I believe that to be a completely accurate statement. RISKS OF HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, following up on your statement just now, when you were planning the rescue attempt, did you believe that all the hostages could have been removed from Iran safely, or did you feel that some could have been killed in the process? And secondly, do you think that the United States would be better off to end the crisis now, even if it means extreme danger to the hostages? THE PRESIDENT. Obviously an operation of this kind would have had some risk, but we were convinced that the hostages could be removed successfully and safely. HOSTAGE SITUATION AND PRESIDENT S POLITICAL PROSPECTS Q. Mr. President, does it seem to you that if you cannot resolve this crisis soon it may cost you your renomination or reelection? And does it seem to you that, as Harry Truman said and as you have said, the buck stops there, that that would be a fair judgment? THE PRESIDENT. The political connotations of the holding of our hostages is not a factor for me. I've had to make decisions that on occasion might very well have been unpopular, and some that I have made may prove to be well advised in the judgment of the American people. But I've had to make those decisions under the most difficult circumstances, dealing with a nation's leaders who cannot speak for their own country and who constantly change their position and even constantly change their own identity. But I see no relationship to this effort that I am continuing with the prospects or lack of prospects of political benefit to me or approval in a political circumstance. EFFECT OF SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN Q. Mr. President, as we look at the situation in Ilan in terms of what they may understand you might do, what have you led Iran's leaders to believe would happen if they harmed the hostages? Do you think such fear is saving the hostages' 799 Apr. 29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 lives now? And if there is such fear, does that encourage you to refrain from further military action that could endanger them? THE PRESIDENT. In November, I think it was November the 20th, we were constantly hearing from the terrorists who held our hostages that they would be immediately tried for war crimes and executed. We spelled out to the public, and therefore to Iran, the extreme adverse consequences to them if such action should be taken, without being overly specific, but letting them know that there would be serious consequences for their nation and their people. We specifically spelled out one step in that process short of military action, and that was the interruption of commerce to Iran. Our Nation is firm in its resolve. It's remarkably united. Our people have been surprisingly patient. But I don't think there's any doubt among the leadership in Iran, in the Government or among the terrorists themselves, that it is to their advantage not to physically harm the hostages whom they hold. And I hope they will be convinced as time goes by-not much time, I pray-that the adverse consequences of the action that we have already taken, with diplomatic and political isolation and with economic sanctions, is fragmenting their own structure of government and dividing their own nation and preventing Iran from making the progress that was envisioned when they had the revolution itself. It's a remarkable commentary on this fragmentation that in spite of the deep commitment of their new constitution, the Ayatollah Khomeini, and their public officials, they have not even been able to hold an election in Iran after months of effort. So, I believe that being joined by our allies in similar kinds of economic sanc tions might very well be a factor that would bring the Iranians to realize that it's much better for them to release the hostages unharmed and to resolve this crisis. U.S. MILITARY CAPABILITY AND HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, can you tonight assure the American people that there is no connection between the inability of the American military to retain highly skilled maintenance and technical personnel and the abnormally high failure rate of the helicopters on the rescue mission? And in a broader sense, does this high failure rate worry you if it came to a showdown between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the Persian Gulf? THE PRESIDENT. There is no connection, because we focused the enormous resources of our Nation and its elaborate military capability on this particular equipment that was used in this operation. Had there been some shortage of either technicians or spare parts or maintenance capability, it would not have been permitted in the particular case of the helicopters, the C-130's, or the equipment the men took in for the rescue operation. So, there is no connection between those at all. SENATOR EDMUND S. MUSKIE Q. Mr. President, could you explain why you appointed Senator Edmund Muskie to succeed Cyrus Vance, when Senator Muskie has limited foreign policy experience and holds only a secondary position on the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate? THE PRESIDENT. Senator Muskie has more than 20 years experience in the Senate. He's been heavily involved in foreign affairs there as a member, as you 800 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 30 point out, of the Foreign Relations Committee. He's played an active role in nationwide campaigns throughout this country as a Vice-Presidential candidate and also as a Presidential candidate himself. He's familiar with our entire Nation. I think he's highly sensitive about the aspirations and ideals of our country that ought to be mirrored in its foreign policy. He's also had a remarkable position in the Senate as the chairman of the Budget Committee, where every single proposal made for the expenditure of Federal funds in the foreign affairs field or the military field or the domestic field has to come before his committee for careful analysis before it goes to the appropriations committees. So, because of that broad range of experience and the esteem with which Ed Muskie is held in this country by Democrats and Republicans and, indeed, because of his international reputation, I consider him to be extremely well qualified to serve as Secretary of State. MR. CORMIER. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Frank. NOTE: The President's fifty-seventh news conference began at 9 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. It was broadcast live on radio and television. White House Briefing for Civic and Community Leaders Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session. April 30, 1980 ENERGY AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY THE PRESIDENT. I know you've had a very excellent briefing so far on both economics and energy, but I thought I would take a few minutes to put these issues in perspective for you from the point of view of the Oval Office of the President. When we face each day here in Washington in the Government of the greatest nation on Earth, responsible for a multitude of issues, there is no way to separate one from another. Energy, inflation, interest rates, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the holding of our hostages in Iran, possible peace in the Middle East, dealing with the problems in Africa, moving forward with legislation on a broad basis, for budget matters both in defense as contrasted with and cooperative with domestic programs-they all fit in together in a common package. Our country is faced with some very serious challenges, very serious problems, difficult issues. But the overall impression I have is a nation of strength, a nation of unity, a nation of commitment, a nation of confidence, a nation of determination, and a nation with a history of not ever yielding to despair and not ever being willing to give up in a common effort to overcome whatever obstacle presents itself to us. We've been through much more difficult times in the past, and we have never failed, and there is no concern in my mind about the prospect of failure to meet these challenges which are so apparent to us now. We do have extremely high inflation rates, very high interest rates. They are intimately tied to OPEC decisions on oil price. And as you know, in the last 16 months oil prices have increased 150 percent. This has been an extraordinary shock not only to our own domestic economic structure but to those of other nations around the world who are much more dependent on imported oil than are we. To put in perspective how much we are dependent on imported oil, it's about 801 Apr. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 50 percent of the amount that we consume. We will spend this year about $90 billion in foreign countries to buy their oil. This amounts to about $400 for every man, woman, and child in our country. And as I said before, it's more than the total net income of all the Fortune 500 business corporations in our country. This is a drain of American assets of money that could be used to hold down the inflation rate, to redress our balance of trade problems, and to provide jobs and a better life for American people. There are only two ways to deal with the energy problem. One is to save energy, to quit wasting energy, to be more conservation minded, not on a broad, uncertain, nonspecific basis, but in our own lives-in our homes, going to and from work, on the job-to save energy. And the second thing, to cut down imports, is to produce more energy at home-oil, natural gas, coal, solar power, geothermal energy, hydroelectric energy, and of course, those kinds of energy that we can derive from coal and from shale deposits and other things with which our Nation is enormously blessed. So, we've got the facilities in our country and we've been blessed with the natural resources in our country to solve our problems. We also have freedom in our own lives and in our free enterprise system, which gives us an opportunity to tap a wonderful educational system, the innovation and entrepreneurship that have let our Nation overcome business and economic problems in the past and be kind of a cutting edge for the rest of the world in technological advances that will open up vistas of a better life for us that we can't even dream about now. I might point out, too, that conservation, which seems to be kind of an onerous or restricting thing, can be an exciting thing. It need not reduce the quality of life of American people to ride more efficiently to and from work or to stop a drafty house from leaking energy out in the wintertime or to keep a house naturally cooler in the summertime or to have a family closer together, walking or running or riding on short trips together rather than taking a big car and riding two blocks to and from the nearest shopping center. So, we can have a better life at the same time we stop wasting money, and also, of course, we can save money for ourselves and help our Nation at the same time. I think we've made remarkable progress already since the anti-inflation effort was mounted, announced, the first part of March. It's not going to be an easy thing. There are no magic answers. You can't legislate inflation and interest rates down. There has to be a general sense among the financial community leaders of our Nation, the business and labor leaders of our country, government leaders at all levels of government, and average citizens that we are indeed going to succeed and, therefore, we need not build our lives' plans on rapidly decreasing value of money, rapidly increasing prices of products. I think that realization is setting in. We have had remarkable reductions in interest rates, as you know; the last few weeks, a precipitous drop in interest rates. Home mortgage rates are going to go down. And I think by this summertime, if we are reasonably fortunate, we will have additional reductions in the inflation rate to bless our people. At the same time, we need to be sure that we don't let unemployment go up too much. And by the focusing of existing Federal programs and not cutting them back, we can provide jobs for those who need them most. 802 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 30 The Mideast, the Persian Gulf region provides about 90 percent of all the oil that's sold for export in the world. It's a 12,000-mile pipeline from there to here and from there to other countries on Earth. And when there is a disturbance in the Middle East, when there is a Palestinian problem in the Middle East not resolved, when there's enmity between Egypt and Israel or between Israel and her neighbors, or when there's an unstable Iran or an invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, this aggravates our Nation's energy problems, because our security, both military and economic security, is predicated on an adequate supply of energy. There is no way to separate one from another. We've got strong allies. We are now in a mood in this country to recognize, for the first time, that there are limits on what Americans can use. Energy will be a precious thing in the future, precious in that it will be increasingly scarce, precious in that it will be more costly. It's an exciting challenge to us to deal with this problem together. We need not be afraid. We need not search for scapegoats. We need not turn one against another. We need not be selfish and grasp for some privilege within a society of which we are all a part. So, my report to you is one of confidence and a call for unity and a call for personal commitment and a reasonable amount of sacrifice. Those are characteristics of great Americans, not famous Americans, but average, great Americans in a family home, on a job, caring for one another, proud of our opportunities to participate in the political and economic structure of our country. I'd be glad to answer a few questions for you now. QUESTIONS REVENUE SHARING PROGRAM Q. Mr. President, it has been mentioned that the revenue sharing program would be severed. I represent-I'm a city councilman as well as a county commissioner of a small town. THE PRESIDENT. Where about? Q. Dyersburg, Tennessee. Hopefully, if those programs are severed, the administration will carefully consider a phasing out gradually over, say, a 5-year period of time, to give the small governmental officials the time to adjust and to try and work out our budgets. And we'd certainly appreciate your consideration on that, sir. THE PRESIDENT. There will be no reduction, if my recommendations are carried out, in the local portion of revenue sharing that goes to cities and counties. You can depend upon that. I think the Congress will abide by that recommendation. And of the revenue sharing money that has been going to States, we're asking for $500 million each year for 2 years to continue to go not to the States, but passed through to the local governments to help tide over that slight reduction for the next 2 years. PRESIDENT S RESPONSIBILITIES AND TRAVEL PLANS Q. Mr. President, out of the problems and challenges in life, we all know, come many opportunities. In view of the most recent developments in Iran, is there a chance that the people can see you, that you can be with them and you can get out in the countryside, you can get out in the States and be with us? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know, it's been a long time that I have stayed in the White House, under extraordinary cir 803 Apr. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 cumstances that have demanded my presence here and which still demand almost all of my time. But times change, and a lot of the responsibilities that have been on my shoulders in the past few months have now been alleviated to some degree. I'm determined that I will always keep before the American people, vividly in our minds and hearts, the plight of the American hostages. But we now have completed a rescue operation which was complicated and which was, unfortunately, not successful. We have now convinced our major allies around the world to join us in an effort to convince the Iranians that it's to their advantage to resolve this hostage crisis at the earliest possible moment. We have completed our economic sanctions or actions against the Soviet Union as a result of their invasion of Afghanistan, and we are inducing dozens and dozens of other nations to join with us in a boycott of the Moscow Olympics this summer, an issue that was severely in doubt a few months ago. We're trying to convince the Soviets that they made a mistake by going into Afghanistan, that they will suffer the consequences of it, and they ought not to depend upon armed aggression to carry out their purposes in that part of the world. We've also completed the anti-inflation proposals to the Congress, and they seem to be well on the way to being accepted, not only there but within the financial community and the Federal Reserve Board and also among the people of this country. I can't predict immediate success, but the trend is in the right direction. And of course, the energy legislationthe windfall profits tax and, I think, the energy mobilization board-is now in good shape. We're working on the last piece of legislation. We will have very shortly, in my opinion, a comprehensive energy policy for our country for the first time. None of these challenges are completely removed, but I believe they are manageable enough now for me to leave the White House for a limited travel schedule, including some campaigning if I choose to do so, in order to explain to the American people how these things can be brought to a successful conclusion and to receive at firsthand, as I have in the past through the Vice President, my family, and others, direct opinions of the American people. So, I will, in the next few weeks, in a limited way, travel more than I have been doing in the past. U.S. MILITARY CAPABILITY AND HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION Q. Mr. President, I come from a rural area in Tennessee, and the reaction of people to the rescue attempt was pride in your courage in ordering the mission and pride in the men who went on the mission. But there was deep concern and a feeling of frustration over the maintenance problems that caused the mission to be scrubbed and a feeling perhaps that we've lost our maintenance skills in the military. Would you comment on that please, sir? THE PRESIDENT. I'll be glad to. I might say, first of all, that I don't deserve any credit for any degree of courage. The only thing I risked was some criticism that I didn't handle it well or that I was not a decisive leader or that I was incompetent and some adverse fallout, maybe, from the electorate on primary days. That's absolutely insignificant as contrasted with the courage shown by the men who were not only willing but eager to lay down their lives-and some did-for the freedom and the safety of the American people. So, the credit ought to go to those who undertook the mission. 804 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 30 There is no question in my mind that the degree of maintenance and the capability of our equipment was very good. There is no other nation on Earth, including the Soviet Union, who could possibly have even attempted such a mission-the placement of our forces in the Indian Ocean with two major carrier task forces, the careful planning and training that was required, the travel of 600 land miles, nonstop flight in the dark, through storms, over mountains, into an isolated area of the jungle [desert],' where night vision devices were required to land, the sure knowledge from aerial surveillance that this was a proper place to land, when none of these people had had a chance to practice there. These kinds of extremely complicated technical problems did strain the equipment. And it's obvious that no one anticipated this high a degree of failure in the helicopters, at least two mechanical failures and some problem with the other that had to turn back to the carrier. It was unpredictable, and we had bad luck as far as the number that were afflicted. But it's no reflection on our country. And I can assure you that those helicopters were the finest that could be designed. They were not designed for that kind of mission. They were minesweepers, and they had been converted. And the crew had trained in the same kind of helicopters in many instances, simulating that mission that was not succesful. And the maintenance of those helicopters was done by the finest, best trained maintenance people that we have in this country, perhaps in the world. So, you need not be concerned about that. It was highly likely to succeed. There was just an unfortunate set of circum1 White House correction. stances that caused us to interrupt the mission. Our country is the only one that could have possibly tried that kind of mission. EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS AND FEDERAL BUDGET Q. I'm a city councilman in a small city to the north of here called Baltimore. [Laughter] First, the people that I've talked to certainly support your actions to attempt the rescue of the hostages. And I'm not going to be a Monday morning quarterback and say you should've done this, that, or the other; I'll offer my services in the future, if you ever decide to[laughter]. A concern we have, I think, with your current budget-and it's one, I think, that all major cities feel-is that we have a very, very high unemployment rate of blacks, [inaudible], teenagers, and we're very much afraid that cutbacks in the programs will exacerbate the conditions that exist in unemployment in that group of people. THE PRESIDENT. Let me say that this is a matter that's been of great concern to us also, that in this transition phase from high inflation and high interest into a slower growing economy, with a recession, I think, already commenced, to minimize the impact of a recession on the unemployment rate. We're very proud of what's been done in this last 3 years, with a net increase of 9 million new jobs, at least a million of those going to minority employees. And we hope to maintain that. In the budget revisions, we have not cut back on employment programs. We still have scheduled, for instance, a million youth jobs for this summer. The CETA jobs-400,000-are still intact. As a matter of fact, we are 805 Apr. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 adding a youth program that, if passed by this year's Congress, can add a large number of additional jobs in the future. We've also not cut back on programs like social security, SSI benefits, Aid for Families with Dependent Children, Meals on Wheels. Those kind of things have not been cut back. On housing, which is a heavily afflicted industry, we are increasing substantially our federally assisted housing units-a very large increase in money involved for 1981 fiscal year compared to this year. We've got a 25-percent increase, not a decrease, in federally assisted housing next year compared to this year. And in addition to that, we'll add another hundred thousand units, under the 235 program, which will have low interest loans. I think, on top of all that, we'll see a decrease in mortgage rates now that interest rates are coming down. I would like to ask all of you who are interested in the same question to compare my budget, for which we're going to scrap as hard as we can in the Congress, with either the House Budget Committee's recommendation or, even worse, the Senate Budget Committee's recommendation. We've got a tough battle on our hands. And those of you who are interested in employment, those of you who are interested in housing, those of you who are interested in the elderly and the poor, those of you who are interested in the cities had better join in with us on the same team to protect the budget that I proposed to the Congress, because it's under severe attack. Votes are being taken this day, and other votes tomorrow and perhaps carried over till Monday in the House, that could cut another $5 billion out of those very programs that are of concern to us. My proposal, I believe, is a well-balanced proposal, and as this process goes on this year, we're going to fight as hard as we can to protect it. And we need your help very badly. Maybe one more question-on the aisle, over there. STRENGTH OF UNITED STATES Q. Mr. President, over the past few years, there seems to be a growing sense of frustration in that we have seemed to have lost a hold on our ability to influence events. The Soviet Union seems to push us around with impunity and other smaller countries, too. Is there a crisis of will, a crisis of our political institutions and their ability to handle themselves, or what do you think is the most single problem that you should be addressing yourself to? THE PRESIDENT. No, there's no loss of will. And I think that we ought to stop every now and then and not only inventory what we have but also think about what we have accomplished. Ours is a nation of great strengtheconomically, politically, militarily, and as I say every time, I think morally and ethically as well. We're a nation of not decreasing, but growing strength. We've got allies that are loyal to us. They have a new commitment, for instance, to strengthen NATO, to stand firmly in Japan-I'll be meeting with the Prime Minister of Japan tomorrow-with Australia, New Zealand, our other major military treaties. We have gained tremendously in the last few years. I'll just give you two or three examples, that will not be confined just to my own administration. It hasn't been too long ago that the largest, most powerful, most heavily populated Arab country was a close associ 806 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Apr. 30 ate and friend and a dependent of the Soviet Union; that's Egypt. Egypt is now a very close, firm, solid friend of ours. The Soviets lost, we gained, the largest, most influential, most powerful, richest black nation on Earth-Nigeria. When I became President, it was strongly oriented away from us, toward the Soviet Union. When Secretary Kissinger tried to pay a visit to Nigeria, he was refused admittance to the country. And now Nigeria is one of not only our best trading partners but one of our closest friends and allies. It wasn't too long ago that the Soviets and the Chinese-the People's Republic of China-were close associates, Communist friends, and allies. And just the last couple of years, as you know, we've formed a new friendship with a quarter of the total population on Earth, when we had not had diplomatic relationships with the people of China for many years. We've not severed our good trade relationships, friendship with the people on Taiwan, either. I think our country is generally acknowledged to be the leader in the protection of principles which we hold very dear and which are a basis for our national strength, and that is a belief in human rights, democratic government, and the value of each individual human being. We've not yielded on that. When I came into office, NATO was very troubled about our country's attitude toward the defense of Western Europe. It's only been a few years ago that a large number of Members of the United States Senate had called for the withdrawal of either half or all the American service people who serve in and help to protect Western Europe and our own freedom. Now there's a new sense of commitment and spirit and common purpose and part nership and confidence in one another in NATO that did not exist before. It's just been a couple of years ago when it would have been inconceivable that any Arab leader would sit down with any Jewish leader representing Israel and even talk to them. I could not even get them to sit at the same table, under the auspices of the United Nations or us, the first year that I was President. And now we've seen peace established between Israel and the most important single Arab country. The borders are opened, diplomatic recognition established, Ambassadors exchanged, tourists flying back and forth between Cairo and Alexandria in Egypt and Tel Aviv and Jerusalem in Israel. We've seen a major new nation formed lately, with our help and the help of the British, when Rhodesia was changed into Zimbabwe, with free and open democratic elections. And the leader of Zimbabwe, who was formerly looked upon as a Marxist and a hater and an enemy of the United States-Mugabe-has now, I think, become one of our strong and potentially very good and loyal friends. So, in the structure of things, I believe that our Nation is building its strength and not suffering. What gives us the impression is that when we read the newspapers and watch the television and listen to the radio, what impresses itself on our consciousness is that day's particular publicized events-the debate that takes place when people have an honest difference of agreement, the temporary disappointment that makes people sad or disturbed, or the transient inconveniences. But when we assess who we are and where we are and what our blessings are and the strength of our country and where we have an opportunity to go in the future and what we've accomplished in 807 Apr. 30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the recent past and how we measure up in representing the principles and the morality and the commitments and the ideals that have made this country so great, God knows and I know that we are blessed beyond all people. And I'm determined, as your President, to remind people of those facts and to continue, with your help, to make the greatest nation on Earth even greater in the future. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:17 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Luis Munfoz Marin Statement on the Death of the Former Governor of Puerto Rico. April 30, 1980 All the people of the United States join me in expressing to the people of Puerto Rico our deep sorrow upon the death of one of Puerto Rico's great leaders and first elected Governor, Luis Munfioz Marin. As a poet, writer, and editor, he was an accomplished contributor to our knowledge and understanding. As a political leader, he marched in the first rank of the 20th-century leaders. In his efforts to improve the living conditions of the poor and the disadvantaged in Puerto Rico, Munoz Marin opened the way for many of the most innovative programs of social and economic aid. He was joined in these efforts by other distinguished leaders in our hemisphere, and with them, he not only improved relations between the United States and Latin America but greatly advanced the struggle to strengthen democracy throughout Latin America. His death leaves us without one of the great leaders of democracy in the world. The United States awarded him the Medal of Freedom in recognition of the contributions of this great man. His people and the people of the United States will keep his memory alive as an inspiration to keep striving for equality and justice for all. President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped Remarks at the Annual Meeting of the Committee. May 1, 1980 Thank you very much, and good morning to you. Secretary Marshall, Chairman Russell, Mayor McNichols, ladies and gentlemen, and a special friend of mine who's here this morning, who was willing to ride over here with me from the White House, Senator Jennings Randolph: Senator Randolph has been a friend of handicapped Americans long before many of you were born. In 1931, as he prepared to conduct a successful campaign for the United States Senate, he had a belief long before many people agreed with him that blind Americans should be brought out of the dark places and put into the forefront of productive life. He introduced a bill when he was a freshman Senator, in 1933, to establish a program for blind entrepreneurs to sell goods in public buildings-Federal, State, local-and later, of course, to expand this program to the private sector. This year 3,974 blind people, because of his good work, are actively involved, and their total sales, he tells me, was more than $150 million. This bill was signed by a handicapped person of whom many of you have heard, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, our President. This is a good indication of what can be 808 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 1 done when all of us recognize the tremendous potential of the handicapped to serve productive lives in our great society. John Adams, the second man to hold the office of President, and a man of very deep religious convictions and a firm commitment to freedom, said, "People and nations are forged in the fires of adversity." You here today understand the truth and the pain of that statement. You have triumphed over limitations, sometimes very severe limitations, and you now work productively to help shape the world, to reshape the world so that it can be a fairer place not only to you but for others. Your will and your determination have been forged in the fires of adversity, and you must now be full participants in every aspect of the life of this Nation. And I'm determined to assure that that goal will be reached. This must include education, employment, housing, transportation and, also, the political process. You must have the right to develop your talents to the fullest, the right to do things and to learn in the process, the right to fail on occasion along with all the rest of us, and the right to try again. And in exercising these kinds of rights, your strength, growing out of adversity, will help to make America strong. Next year has been designated as the International Year of Disabled Persons by the United Nations and, as President, I intend not only to cooperate in this effort but to see that the entire decade of the 1980's is one in which handicapped people have full access to our society, maximum independence, and the opportunity to develop and to use your full capabilities. As you know, much has been done in the last 3 years to lay the foundation for achieving the goal which I have just outlined to you. When I took office, the Rehabilitation Act had been law for 4 years. Regulations to prohibit discrimination against handicapped persons in employment, in education and health programs had still not been issued. With your help, as you well remember, we got the first regulations issued in 3 months. And in 1978 I signed amendments which apply the nondiscriminatory provisions of this Act not only in the private sector but to the Federal Government as well. Antidiscrimination laws are the cornerstone of civil rights for the handicapped. And by the end of 1980, all Federal agencies will have final regulations implementing Section 504. It's not enough just to issue regulations. Now we'll take the next step toward ending discrimination against the handicapped-to carry out the law, and to carry out the provisions of those regulations. I will soon issue an Executive order, now being prepared, placing the responsibility for coordinating enforcement of these regulations in the Department of Justice under the Attorney General of the United States. I want to thank you at this time for your help to me in assuring that the Congress supports the increased attention needed for programs benefiting the handicapped. My budget request for education of handicapped children for the coming year, in spite of very stringent limits, as you well know, is more than three times the amount proposed by my predecessor's last budget. We've already increased budget authority for schools teaching the handicapped by 41 percent. Next week we celebrate together the inauguration of a new Department of Education, headed by Shirley 809 May I Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Hufstedler, who will have the responsibility for the majority of programs that benefit handicapped Americans. We're cutting through bureaucratic redtape and bureaucratic confusion and delay. You will no longer need to wonder or to be uncertain about who specifically is responsible for the education of the handicapped. This will be a great step forward. In 1977, as you remember, we took another good step by creating the department-or the office, rather-of independent living for the disabled. This is an extremely important effort to let handicapped people learn through their own practical experience how they can avoid being dependent on others through practical application of programs and their own initiative. And in the process not only do the handicapped learn how to be independent but Federal agencies and private citizens who are not handicapped also learn with them. With this office, we've done more for the housing of handicapped people in the last 3 years than had been done in the previous 40 years. We still have a long way to go, but we've already increased funds for handicapped construction housing from $13 million to $99 million. This increase of more than 700 percent in a short period of time also includes, as you know, congregate housing services. This fall, we will launch a new independent-living demonstration project to expand on what we've already done. This will dramatize how existing Federal programs, that might, in the past, not [have] been focused on this single issue, can be coordinated and utilized more effectively and more efficiently to make independent living possible for more handicapped people. One of the most fundamental and most cherished rights accorded to all citizens in our society is the right to move freely, yet architectural barriers, as you well know, remain a constant reminder to disabled Americans that our Nation has not completely opened its doors to all of our citizens. We cannot rebuild a nation overnight which ignored this problem for generations, but we can provide access to all public buildings. By October of this year, construction will be underway in virtually all Federal buildings to make them accessible to handicapped people. I was honored to have sponsored the first White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals and to have participated in it with many of you assembled in this room today. And I'm proud that Dr. Howard Rusk will chair the National Council on the Handicapped. I will name other remaining members of this Council later on today. Dr. Rusk will provide strong leadership in this important step as he advises with me and my administration and others on issues affecting handicapped persons. If you have good ideas on how we might do a better job, be sure to let those ideas come through him to me and to be utilized throughout our Nation. Above all, in considering problems of the handicapped, every adult citizen should be able to participate in the most basic of civil rights, and that is voting. You and I must continue to encourage State and local and party officials to increase their efforts to make polling places accessible and to provide alternate registration and voting methods to assure greater opportunity for political participation by handicapped citizens who must stay in their homes. For many handicapped Americans, transportation is the first barrier to participation in other activities. The Department of Transportation is now working to ensure that newly purchased equipment in the Nation's public transportation sys 810 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 1 tems will be accessible to all. We will continue to support these efforts and seek new ways, through research, through demonstration, through standards required in bids for sales to achieve greater access for handicapped persons to mass transit. But physical access is only part of the problem. For the hearing impaired, we've helped to fund the National Captioning Institute. As a result of the Institute's activities, some television programs-two of the major networks and the public television network-are already being captioned, and they will add more hours everyday, so that deaf people, with a special device on their own television set, can have captioned programs to enjoy and to learn. Many more of these programs and commitments are underway. This project demonstrates the success of joint Federal and private efforts. When such television programming is impractical, I will have my major speeches interpreted in sign language for the hearing impaired. It is not only important that you hear what a President has to say, it's also important that you let the President know, in answer to his speeches, what you think he ought to say next time and ought to do. Prevention of disease and prevention of disability has been a major priority of my Presidency also. The President's Commission on Mental Health, headed by my wife; the child health assurance program, which gives early diagnosis and treatment and prevention; the mental health systems act, now making its way through the Congress; and the national health plan that needs to be implemented in this country in the future were all designed to prevent illness and to prevent disability and to improve health care once a person becomes ill or disabled. When I took office, for instance, nearly 35 million young Americans were not immunized against preventable diseases. For a country that helped to rid the entire world of the worst crippler of the young, polio, that was a disgrace to all of us. We immediately set out to correct it, and I'm proud that by last fall, more than 90 percent of American youngsters under 15 were immunized. We're now working as hard as we can on the other 10 percent. For the future, the new National Institute of Handicapped Research will become the focus of all Federal research into disability. The bringing together of these efforts, which had formerly been scattered all over the Federal Government, will help them to learn from one another, to exspend limited funds more effectively, and also to let you know where to go with a special problem or special advice or counsel or encouragement. One problem has been on my mind lately, and that is spinal cord injuries which are, as you know, a major cause of disability. Between 8,000 and 10,000 new injuries occur every year, mostly to the young. I will launch a major new effort designed to speed the day when permanent spinal injury can be prevented and reversed. We've had remarkable news recently from scientists and medical researchers that if a major spinal injury can be treated very quickly after it occurs, permanent disabilty can be prevented. First, we will establish a Federal interagency task force on spinal injury, directed from my office in the White House, which will develop and implement a national strategy for providing better care and for enhancing current Federal spinal research programs. And then, in order to guide the development and the implementation of this national strategy, I will establish a President's Council on Spinal 811 May 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Cord Injury, to serve until our goals are firmly developed and firmly established. Our Nation was founded 200 years ago to provide freedom and opportunity for every single citizen, not just so individuals can fulfill themselves, but also because our society as a whole needs the full participation of every member. We cannot do without the tremendous talent of our handicapped people. We cannot afford to waste lives that could have been full and useful. We cannot be satisfied with maintaining dependence when independence is possible. And above all, we cannot afford the cost in human suffering. Over the past 200 years, we have lowered the barriers that originally existed and brought many segments of our people from full participation. We must now bring down the barriers that prevent handicapped Americans from full participation, for just as all of us have benefited from the increased participation of minorities and women in the past two decades, all Americans will benefit from the full participation of handicapped people in the years to come. We cannot rebuild our society overnight, but we can make sure, case-by-case, event-by-event, person-by-person, program-by-program, that the right choices for the handicapped are made. Working together, we can make certain that the 1980's will be the decade in which the handicapped will at last enter and merge completely with the mainstream of a wonderful American life. This will, of course, be of great benefit to you and those whom you love and those whom you represent here in this important meeting. But the realization of the full potential of the handicapped Americans will also be of great benefit to our Nation. Thank you very much. I love you all. NOTE: The President spoke at 10:03 a.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. National Council on the Handicapped Nomination of 14 Members. May 1, 1980 The President today announced 14 persons whom he will nominate to be members of the National Council on the Handicapped. They are: ELIZABETH MONROE BOGGS, past president and an active member of the board of directors of the National Association for Retarded Citizens; she is vice chairman of the New Jersey Advisory Council on Developmental Disabilities and is active in numerous groups dealing with mental retardation; MARY P. CHAMBERS, deputy House Democratic (minority) leader for the State of New Hampshire, director of Upper Valley Adult Basic Education, Lebanon, N.H., and a former teacher of adults and children with special learning problems; NELBA R. CHAVEZ, director of La Frontera Mental Health Center in Tucson, Ariz., a former psychiatric social worker, who is also on the faculty of Arizona State University's Graduate School of Social Work on a parttime basis; JACK GENAIR DUNCAN, counsel and staff director of the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Select Education and former legislative officer for HEW's Social and Rehabilitation Service; NANETTE FABRAY, the actress, who is campaign chairman for UCLA's Hope for Hearing Foundation and is active in other organizations for the hearing handicapped and other disabled persons; DONALD E. GALVIN, a professor in the faculty of rehabilitation counseling, special education, and community health sciences at Michigan State University and director of the 812 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 1 University Centers for International Rehabilitation; JUDITH E. HEUMANN, deputy director of the Center for Independent Living in Berkeley, Calif., and cochairman of the Advisory Board of the Disabled Community Health Clinic at Berkeley's Herrick Hospital; she is active in numerous organizations working for the rights of the disabled; JOHN P. HOURIHAN, director of the regional education program for handicapped college students at Columbia University, professor in the department of special education at Columbia, and administrator of St. John's Community, St. John's Church, Newark, N.J.; THOMAS C. JOE, a Washington, D.C., consultant specializing in human services, including disability and rehabilitation issues; he is temporary director of the Washington office of the University of Chicago's Center for the Study of Welfare Policy; ODESSA KOMER, international vice president of the United Auto Workers, previously education director for region 1 of the International Union; EDWIN 0. OPHEIM, director of program and management support for the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation of the Minnesota Department of Economic Security; HOWARD A. RUSK, professor and chairman of the department of rehabilitation medicine at New York University School of Medicine, a consultant on rehabilitation to numerous public and private agencies; on confirmation, he will be designated Chairman of this Council; J. DAVID WEBB, corporate counsel and assistant secretary of the Trust Company of Georgia, who is on the Advisory Council of the Emory University Rehabilitation Research and Training Center and is active in other organizations for handicapped persons; HENRY WILLIAMS, deputy director of the Manhattan Psychiatric Center, New York State Department of Mental Hygiene, an active member of the National Rehabilitation Association and other organizations, and chair of the Mayor's Committee on Human Rights for the Handicapped, New York City Office of the Handicapped. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Nomination of John David Hughes To Be a Member. May 1, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate John David Hughes, of Austin, Tex., to be a member of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. He would replace Don S. Smith, resigned. Hughes has been assistant attorney general of Texas since 1974 and chief of the energy division of the Texas attorney general's office since 1979. He was born April 24, 1935, in Lubbock, Tex. He received a B.B.A. from the University of Texas in 1958 and a J.D. from American University in 1961. He served in the U.S. Army from 1961 to 1963. In 1964 Hughes served as assistant county attorney in Lubbock, Tex. From 1964 to 1974, he had a general civil practice with the Lubbock firm of Evans, Pharr, Trout & Jones. Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day, May 26, 1980 Proclamation 4754. May 1, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation It has been a national tradition since the end of the Civil War to remember on Memorial Day the men and women of America who fought and died on the battlefield. We owe them a debt that can never be annulled. Their sacrifice endowed us with liberty and made our country a leader among nations. 813 May 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 But on this day of mourning and of homage to the heroes of the past, let us also remember the duty we owe to coming generations to be firm in the cause of liberty. This past year we have had abundant proof that American courage still liveseight Americans gave up their lives and others were seriously injured in the attempt to free their fellow Americans held hostage in Iran. We can take pride in our concern for national honor and in the firmness and restraint with which Americans face crises. Mindful of our historic duty, we have become even more determined to defend our interests, protect our liberties, and promote our ideals. At the same time, we remain firmly committed to working with other nations to solve world problems together and to strengthen the foundations of world peace. In recognition of those Americans to whom we pay tribute today, the Congress, by joint resolution of May 11, 1950 (64 Stat. 158), has requested the President to issue a proclamation calling upon the people of the United States to observe each Memorial Day as a day of prayer for permanent peace and designating a period on that day when the people of the United States might unite in prayer. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate Memorial Day, Monday, May 26, 1980, as a day of prayer for permanent peace, and I designate the hour beginning in each locality at 11 o'clock in the morning of that day as a time to unite in prayer. I urge the press, radio, television, and all other information media to cooperate in this observance. I also request the Governors of the United States and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the appropriate officials of all local units of government to direct that the flag be flown at half-staff during this Memorial Day on all buildings, grounds, and naval vessels throughout the United States and in all areas under its jurisdiction and control, and I request the people of the United States to display the flag at half-staff from their homes for the customary forenoon period. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 1:22 p.m., May 1, 1980] President's Advisory Committee for Women Appointment of Three Members. May 1, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of three persons to be members of the President's Advisory Committee for Women. They are: CATHERINE CONROY, of Milwaukee, Wis., a member and international representative of the Communication Workers of America and an executive board member of the Milwaukee County Labor Council (AFL-CIO); ANTOINETTE L. LEONE, of Hartford, Conn., an attorney and a member of the Hartford City Council; ELENA MARTINEZ, of Chicago, a psychiatric social worker and the administrator of the Association of Latinoamericana de Evanston, in Evanston, Ill. 814 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 1 Federal Summer Employment Program for Youth Memorandum From the President. May 1, 1980 Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies Youth employment is one of my top domestic priorities. For this reason I am asking Congress to enact the Youth Act of 1980, which will provide education and jobs for millions of disadvantaged youth. These new initiatives grew out of the work of the Vice President's Task Force and are intended to prepare young people for the labor market of the 1980s. In the meantime, many young Americans will seek summer employment at the end of this school year. Some will need earnings from their jobs to help meet their educational expenses or to help out at home. Others will be looking for an opportunity to translate classroom theory into practical experience. Under the 1980 Federal Summer Employment Program for Youth, we can meet the aspirations of these young people. The Federal government's outstanding reputation as an employer of students during the summer months has long set an example for private employers and for State and local governments. I am confident that once again Federal departments and agencies will support the summer employment program. Opportunities should be provided for students who have successfully competed in the summer employment written test, who have filed under agency merit staffing plans, or who are nominated by their schools under the Federal Summer Intern Program. In addition to these programs, I am determined to see that Federal agencies do their part to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among needy youths this summer. For this reason, I am asking that one disadvantaged young person be hired for every 40 regular employees in each department and agency. Alan K. Campbell, Director of the Office of Personnel Management, will provide guidance on all aspects of our Federal summer employment efforts and will report to me on the results. I know that I can count on your personal involvement and support in achieving a successful 1980 summer employment program. JIMMY CARTER Reauthorization of the Federal Trade Commission Letter From the President. May 1, 1980 To the Commissioners and Staff of the Federal Trade Commission I know that the past several months have been trying for all of you and that the uncertainty arising from the protracted effort to secure an authorization bill has made your jobs much more difficult than they otherwise might be. I am acutely aware of your predicament. You have my support and you can be assured that I will continue my efforts on behalf of the Federal Trade Commission. Last week I invited the senior House and Senate conferees to the White House in an effort to help resolve the issue that divided them. Solid progress was made in that meeting, and we have continued working closely with the conferees to get a bill that ensures the Commission's ability to protect the consumers of this country. 815 May 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 At long last, the conferees have reached agreement on an authorization bill. As a result, we are now able to work with members of the Appropriations Committees in the House and Senate to enact the legislation necessary to permit the Commission to resume normal operations. I remain firmly committed to an effective Federal Trade Commission. I hope to be able to soon sign legislation that will enable you to return to your important work. JIMMY CARTER Federal Council on the Aging Nomination of Two Members. May 1, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate two persons as members of the Federal Council on the Aging. They are: REV. MSGR. CHARLES J. FAHEY, director of the All University Gerontological Center at Fordham University, currently a member of this Council, and former chairman of the Commission on Aging for the National Conference of Catholic Charities; SHIMEJI KANAZAWA, director of the Western Gerontological Society in Honolulu, Hawaii. The President also announced that on confirmation Fahey would be designated Chairman of this Council. United States-Japan Agreement on Cooperation in Research and Development in Science and Technology Remarks of the President and Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira on Signing the Agreement. May 1, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. A year ago, the Prime Minister of Japan, Mr. Ohira, and I met here to agree to a productive partnership for the eighties. It was a commitment with far-reaching impact and very difficult to achieve. We understood that. But in this last 12 months, both our nations have made remarkable progress toward reaching these very important goals. Also, in addition to those mutual commitments which we made one to another, the world has been afflicted with fastchanging and very difficult events, which have caused the Japanese Government, under Prime Minister Ohira, to have to face decisions which were, again, very difficult. The decisions made in Japan have been the right ones. They have been of major significance and benefit to our own country and the rest of the world, and they have required great exhibitions of courage and leadership. The people of my Nation deeply appreciate this common approach to very difficult problems and the resolve, which we share, to face international terrorism, exemplified in Iran, and aggression, exemplified in Afghanistan, with a mutuality of purpose, with a common commitment, and with national and individual courage. The bonds which bind together the people of Japan and the United States provide the very cornerstone of our policy in Asia, and they also provide the central core of the global policy of the United States of America. On behalf of all our people, again, I want to express to Prime Minister Ohira and to his distinguished colleagues a heartfelt welcome as they come to our country and our deepest appreciation for their friendship and for their support, for their advice and for their counsel and partnership as we face these difficult issues together. Mr. Prime Minister, welcome, thank you, and my best wishes to you and to your country. 816 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 1 THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President, thank you very much. Mr. President, let me first express my thanks to you for having invited me to Washington for a brief but thorough and very constructive discussion on matters of our mutual concern. I feel a special sense of importance that I have come to talk with you at a very difficult and trying time for all the people in the world. Freedom, democracy, justice, and peace, which we so dearly share among us, can be seriously harmed for long years to come if we now fail to stand together. All Japanese understand your deep emotion over the fate of the 50 fellow Americans held still captive in Iran. I join in the fervent prayer of our people for their safety. I also admire your patience and restraint, Mr. President, which can be demonstrated only by the brave. The situation is too serious. I shall not list usual words of sympathy or support today. But let me just assure you that Japan stands ready to demonstrate her solidarity with the United States and will do her utmost, in concert with other friends, to bring about peacefully the earliest release of the hostages. The same degree of seriousness prevailed in our discussion day over the military intervention of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and the continued challenge to world peace. The President and I agreed that we must remain very firm in meeting the challenge posed by this Soviet aggression and that we should lend a helping hand to countries in the Middle East and in Asia for their peace and stability. In this context, I told the President my government position that the participation in the Moscow Olympic games under the present circumstances is not desirable. We also talked about our bilateral relationship. I'm very much satisfied with the solid friendship now existing between our two countries. Never before has such a close and strong bond existed between two nations with differences in culture, history, and language as between us. I should once again like to thank you, Mr. President, for warmly receiving me today. As true friends should, we will each air what is on our mind without fear of breaking the unique bond that exists between us, for in times of need, in times of crisis, we will not fail to extend the help needed by the other. We, the Japanese, may not be the most eloquent, but we remain a determined and one of the most dependable friends of your country. We know you are there in the same way for us. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Beautiful. Very good, very good. Thank you very much. I might say that the Prime Minister has demonstrated not only that they are determined and effective friends but also extremely eloquent. [Laughter] And this is a remarkable demonstration of good English, and I admire you for it. And now we have the honor of signing the science and technology agreement, following which the Prime Minister will make brief remarks, and I will follow them. [At this point, the President and the Prime Minister signed the agreement.] Mr. Prime Minister, thank you very much. THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Now you can make a statement. THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President, it is my great pleasure and honor to have signed with you the agreement between the Government of Japan and the Government of the United States of America 817 May 1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 on cooperation in research and development in science and technology. Japan and the United States already are actively cooperating together in the field of energy, under the energy agreement concluded last year. Now with the signing of the new agreement, which we owe very much to the initiative of the President, our two countries are to start cooperating in nonenergy fields as well. By concluding these two agreements, our two countries have established a solid framework for cooperation covering all fields of science and technology. In this sense the new agreement is indeed significant, and Japan will endeavor to strengthen further the cooperative relations with the United States within the aforementioned framework. I honestly hope that the cooperation under the agreement will make a steady progress and that Japan and the United States will contribute a great deal to the welfare and prosperity of not only our two peoples but also of the entire mankind. In closing, I wish to express my sincere respect for the insight of the President, who has continuously made tremendous effort for the realization of the agreement. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. It's obvious that Prime Minister Ohira has already expressed very clearly the significance not only of the energy, scientific, and technology agreement which we signed last year but also this new one, which relates to matters in addition to energy; matters concerning transportation, matters concerning health, environmental quality, the control of disease, space, and many other elements which are now important to American and Japanese people and those of the world, but which will be increasingly important in the future. This agreement is particularly signifi cant, because it's between two nations which individually have led the world in scientific study, research, development, and technology. We will still be competitors in trade and in the development and the production and the distribution and sale of new ideas, new equipment, new services to mankind. But at the same time now, we can combine our efforts and benefit mutually from the exchange of ideas and concepts, particularly in the basic sciences, which are so important to us, and among our studies and the teaching of young and old Japanese, who can make such a tremendous contribution in the future. It's with a great deal of pleasure and gratitude that I recognize the leadership of Prime Minister Ohira and the tremendous untapped potential that still exists within our two great nations for the service of our own people and a better life for all human beings who live on Earth. Thank you very much, Mr. Prime Minister, the people of Japan. I believe this is a great day for both our countries. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:13 p.m. in the Rose Garden at the White House. Prior to the signing ceremony, the President and the Prime Minister held a working luncheon in the Cabinet Room. The Department of Education Executive Order 12212. May 2, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States of America, including the Department of Education Organization Act (P.L. 96-88; 93 Stat. 668), it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. Sunday, May 4, 1980, shall, for the purposes of Section 601 of the Department of Education Organization Act (20 818 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 2 U.S.C. 3401 note), be the date on which the provisions of that Act shall take effect. 1-102. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall take all actions necessary or appropriate to effectuate the transfers provided for in the Department of Education Organization Act, including the transfer of funds, records, property, personnel and positions. 1-103. As required by Section 601 of the Department of Education Organization Act, this Order shall be published in the FEDERAL REGISTER. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 2, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:43 a.m., May 2, 1980] Cuban Refugees Announcement of Federal Actions in Response to the Emergency. May 2, 1980 The White House announced today that the Federal Government is taking additional actions to respond to the current emergency precipitated by the Cuban Government. More than 5,000 Cubans have already arrived in Florida in more than 170 small boats, and the Coast Guard estimates that as many as 2,000 additional boats are either loading passengers in Cuba or are en route to the Florida coast. The President has directed Jack Watson, his Assistant for Intergovernmental Affairs and Secretary to the Cabinet, to work with Ambassador Victor Palmieri, U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, in managing the Federal Government's overall response to the emergency. Watson outlined the following actions: -A processing and screening center will be established at Eglin Air Force Base in Fort Walton Beach, Fla., to supplement the receiving and processing facilities already located in Key West and Miami. The Eglin facility will accommodate approximately 1,000 persons within 24 hours and will be expanded to accommodate between 5,000 and 10,000 within 10 days. Additional facilities will be added as needed. -Reception facilities at Key West are being expanded to accommodate daily flows of between 2,500 and 3,000, and other Federal services are being made available there, including those of a Public Health Service medical assistance team. -Several hundred Federal personnel have been directed to the Miami/Key West area, so that more than 1,000 personnel from eight Federal agencies are now actively engaged with volunteer organizations and State and local governments in receiving, processing, and assisting the arriving Cubans. Tom Casey, Deputy Associate Director of the Fedeial Emergency Management Agency, has been assigned responsibility for on-site coordination of all Federal Government activities. -The Coast Guard has expanded its capability to provide rescue and assistance missions between the Florida and Cuban coasts and, within the last few days, has performed approximately 300 rescue missions in the area. As announced earlier this week by the Department of Defense, U.S. naval vessels which had been intended for Operation Solid Shield are now being made available to assist the Coast Guard in rescue operations. -Because the Cuban Government is including individuals with criminal records in the boatloads of departing Cubans, careful screening of all arrivals is being conducted by appropriate Federal officials. Under U.S. immigration laws, individuals with records of criminal activ 819 May 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ity who represent a threat to the country or whose presence would not be in the best interests of the United States are subject to arrest, detention, and deportation to their countries of origin. The United States will enforce these laws. -State Department officials will be working with national voluntary organizations to provide additional reception and resettlement assistance to Cuban, Haitian, and other groups seeking political asylum, which are so heavily affecting the Miami area. The President appreciates the extraordinarily effective efforts of the State and local governments in Florida in dealing with this extremely difficult situation. "The responsiveness, cooperation, and diligence demonstrated by Governor Graham, agencies of the State government, and local government leaders in South Florida, especially in Dade County and Miami, have been exemplary," Watson said. "In addition, the round-the-clock efforts of voluntary organizations and members of the Cuban-American community have been invaluable. Without their support and help, the situation could not have been managed." NOTE: On the same day, the White House announced that the President signed a Presidential Determination which authorizes the use of up to $10 million from the Refugee Emergency Fund for Cuban and Haitian refugees currently arriving in southern Florida. This will provide for the initial startup costs of the processing center at Eglin Air Force Base. United States Holocaust Memorial Council Executive Order 12213. May 2, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution of the United States of America, and in order to provide for broader participation in the work of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council and in order to provide for additional time for the Council to complete its work, Sections 1-102, 1-207, and 1 -402 of Executive Order No. 12169 of October 26, 1979, are amended to read as follows: "1-102. The membership of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council shall consist of not more than 60 and not less than 35 members as follows: "(a) The President shall appoint between 25 and 50 members of the Council and shall designate one of these members to chair the Council and another member to serve as Vice Chairman. "(b) The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives are each invited to designate five members of their respective Houses to serve as members of the Council." "1-207. The Council shall submit a final report to the President and to the Secretary of the Interior no later than December 15, 1980." "1-402. The Council shall serve as an interim body and shall terminate on January 15, 1981, unless sooner extended.". JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 2, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:49 p.m., May 2, 1980] United States Holocaust Memorial Council Appointment of the Membership. May 2, 1980 The President's Commission on the Holocaust was created in November 1978 820 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 2 to make recommendations regarding the establishment and maintenance of an appropriate memorial to those who perished in the Holocaust, the systematic, statesponsored extermination of 6 million Jews and the murders of millions of other people. The Commission was further instructed to examine the feasibility of obtaining funds for the creation and maintenance of the Memorial through contributions by the American people. The Commission submitted a report to the President in the fall of 1979 which recommends a three-part memorial: -A National Holocaust Memorial Museum, to be erected in Washington, D.C., of symbolic and artistic beauty, visually and emotionally moving in accordance with the solemn nature of the Holocaust. -An educational foundation dedicated to the pursuit of educational work through research and exploration of issues raised by the Holocaust for all areas of human knowledge and public policy. -A Committee on Conscience composed of distinguished American moral leaders. This Committee would receive reports of actual or potential genocide anywhere in the world and alert the national conscience, influence policymakers, and stimulate worldwide action to bring such acts to a halt. The President approved these recommendations with the understanding that funding proposals for the Memorial should provide that construction costs would be raised primarily from private contributions. He has now appointed a United States Holocaust Memorial Council, whose Chairman is Mr. Elie Wiesel, a survivor and noted author and scholar, formerly Chairman of the Holocaust Commission, to carry out the recom mendations of the Commission. The members of the Council are: JOSEPH ASHER, a rabbi and national vice president of the American Jewish Congress; TIBOR BARANSKI, of the Social Services Department, Catholic Charities, Buffalo, N.Y., honored by Yad Vashem for his actions saving Hungarian Jews during the Holocaust; IRVING BERNSTEIN, national executive vice president of the United Jewish Appeal; MARVER BERNSTEIN, president of Brandeis University; HYMAN BOOKBINDER, a survivor and Washington representative of the American Jewish Committee, who has also served as Washington chairman of the Ad Hoc Coalition for Ratification of Genocide Amendments; VICTOR BORGE, the actor, long active in Tribute to the Danes, a foundation designed to honor the Danes for their efforts in World War II; ROBERT McAFEE BROWN, professor of theology and ethics at Pacific School of Religion, Berkeley, Calif.; HARRY JAMES CARGAS, chairman of the department of literature, Webster College, and author of books on the Holocaust; ESTHER COHEN, chair of the Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies, member of the Golda Meir Club, a trustee of Yeshiva University; GERSON D. COHEN, chancellor and Jacob H. Schoff professor of history at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America; MARIO CUOMO, Lieutenant Governor of New York, former attorney and law professor, and a member of the Legal Committee for Soviet Jewry; ARTHUR DAVIS, a Des Moines, Iowa, attorney active in civic and humanitarian affairs; TERRENCE DES PRES, professor of English at Colgate University and author of "The Survivor", a study of how people survived the Holocaust; CONSTANTINE DOMBALIS, theologian and dean of the Greek Orthodox Cathedral, active in the National Conference of Christians and Jews Brotherhood; JAROSLAV DRABEK, a survivor, former member of the Underground Czechoslovakia Against 821 May 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Nazi War Criminals and an attorney who prosecuted Nazi war criminals in Czechoslovakia; KITTY DUKAKIS, president of the National Center for Genocide Studies, who was Chairman of the Holocaust Commission's Subcommittee on Education; WILLARD FLETCHER, former chairman of the history department at the University of Delaware, who teaches seminars on the Holocaust and who assisted the Office of the Public Prosecutor in West Germany in gathering evidence against Nazi war criminals; IRVIN FRANK, chairman of the board of Zochrim, Zachor: The Holocaust Resource Center, New York City, and past president of the Tulsa (Oklahoma) Jewish Community Council; SOL GOLDSTEIN, a survivor, a businessman, and chairman of the Chicago Committee for Holocaust Commemoration; ISAAC GOODFRIEND, a survivor, cantor of Ahavath Achim Congregation in Atlanta, Ga.; ALFRED GOTTSCHALK, president of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, Cincinnati, Ohio; IRVING GREENBERG, a rabbi, author, and Holocaust scholar, director of the National Jewish Resource Center; DOROTHY HEIGHT, national president of the National Council of Negro Women; THEODORE HESBURGH, president of Notre Dame University; RAUL HILBERG, McCullough professor of political science at the University of Vermont, author of "The Destruction of the European Jews"; JULIAN E. KULAS, a Chicago attorney and banker, chairman of the Helsinki Monitoring Committee of Chicago and of the Interfaith Group of the Jewish Federation of Chicago; NORMAN LAMM, president of Yeshiva University in New York City, an author, lecturer, and rabbi, director of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congress of America; FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, president of the United Jewish Appeal, a New York businessman and philanthropist; MILES LERMAN, a survivor, a New Jersey businessman, and vice chairman of the National State of Israel Bonds; FRANKLIN LITTELL, chairman of the board of the National Institute on the Holocaust, a professor of religion at Temple University; STEVEN LUDSIN, a New York attorney and investment banker, president of Remembrance of the Holocaust Foundation, on the board of directors of American Friends of Haifa University; ALOYSIUS MAZEWSKI, a president of the Polish American Congress of Chicago and the Polish National Alliance; BENJAMIN MEED, a survivor, a New York businessman, president of the Warsaw Ghetto Resistance Organization; INGEBORG G. MAUKSCH, distinguished professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University, active in community affairs and human rights causes; SET MOMJIAN, a human rights activist who was a U.S. Representative to the U.N. General Assembly in 1978-79 and White House representative to the Human Rights Commission in Geneva in 1979; JOHN T. PAWLIKOWSKI, professor of social ethics at Catholic Theological Union, a member of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops and the Secretariat for CatholicJewish Relations; BERNARD RASKAS, rabbi of Temple of Aaron Congregation in St. Paul, Minn., an author on Jewish affairs; HADASSAH ROSENSAFT, a survivor, lecturer and author on the Holocaust; BAYARD RUSTIN, president of the A. Phillip Randolph Educational Institute; ABRAHAM SACHAR, chancellor and former president of Brandeis University; EDWARD SANDERS, former Senior Adviser to the President, now an attorney in Los Angeles; JULIUS SCHATZ, director of the National Commission on Jewish Life and Culture of the American Jewish Congress, active in various Holocaust organizations; RICHARD SCHIFTER, an attorney and former president of the Maryland State Board of Education; SIGMUND STROCHLITZ, a survivor, president of American Friends of Haifa University, where he endowed a chair in Holocaust studies; KALMAN SULTANIK, a survivor, vice president of the World Jewish Congress, executive co 822 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 2 president of the World Conference of General Zionists; MARK TALISMAN, director of the Washington Action Program for the Council of Jewish Federations and a founder and instructor at the John F. Kennedy Institute of Politics at Harvard University, who will serve as Vice Chairman of this Council; GLENN E. WATTS, president of the Communications Workers of America; ELIE WIESEL, a survivor, author, and scholar, who was Chairman of the Holocaust Commission, and will serve as Chairman of this Council; SIGGI WILZIG, a survivor, a national Holocaust lecturer, and a businessman in New Jersey; ELI ZBOROWSKI, a survivor, honorary president of the American Federation of Jewish Fighters, Camp Inmates and Nazi Victims, member of the executive committee of Yad Vashem, and a New York businessman. The Speaker of the House of Representatives has appointed five Members of the House to serve on this Council. They are: REPRESENTATIVE JAMES J. BLANCHARD; REPRESENTATIVE WILLIAM S. GREEN; REPRESENTATIVE WILLIAM LEHMAN; REPRESENTATIVE STEPHEN SOLARZ; and REPRESENTATIVE SIDNEY R. YATES. The President of the Senate has appointed five Senators as Members of this Council. They are: SENATOR RUDY BoSCHWITZ; SENATOR JOHN C. DANFORTH; SENATOR HENRY M. JACKSON; SENATOR CLAIBORNE PELL; and SENATOR RICHARD STONE. Trade Adjustment Assistance Announcement of a Supplemental Appropriation Request for Unemployment Compensation Payments. May 2, 1980 The President decided today to request a supplemental appropriation of $1,498 million to meet unemployment compensa tion payments of $1.1 billion in FY 1980 and $400 million in FY 1981 anticipated under the trade adjustment assistance program. Most of the benefits will go to auto industry workers. Trade adjustment benefits are provided to workers laid off at plants where production has been affected by imports. The President had announced previously that he would seek additional funds for the program to assist auto workers until new jobs could be provided as U.S. auto manufacturers produce more of the energyefficient cars now in demand. The administration estimates that nearly 600,000 workers will receive a total of $1,440 million in the current fiscal year, ending September 30, and about 375,000 workers will receive $816 million in the following year. Trade adjustment benefits are reduced by the amount of regular unemployment compensation a worker receives. They are available to employees in any industry adversely impacted by imports. Although autoworkers are the group primarily affected, substantial numbers of workers in other industries are also receiving these benefits. Unemployed workers from plants certified by the Department of Labor as adversely affected by imports are generally eligible for up to 52 weeks of benefits. Outlays resulting from the supplemental appropriation will still leave the budget for the 1981 fiscal year, beginning next October 1, in surplus. Administration of the Export Administration Act of 1979 Executive Order 12214. May 2, 1980 By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by 823 May 2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Section 4(e) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-72; 50 U.S.C. App. 2403(e)), it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-101. Except as provided in Section 1-102, the functions conferred upon the President by the provisions of the Export Administration Act of 1979, hereinafter referred to as the Act (Public Law 96 -72; 50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.), are delegated to the Secretary of Commerce. 1-102. (a) The functions conferred upon the President by Sections 4 (e), 5 (c), 5(f) (1), 5(h) (6), 6(k), 7(d) (2), 10 (g) and 20 of the Act are reserved to the President. (b) The functions conferred upon the President by Sections 5(f) (4), 5(i), and 6(g) of the Act are delegated to the Secretary of State. 1-103. All delegations, rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of administrative action made, issued or otherwise taken under, or continued in existence by, Section 21 of the Act or Exadministratively or legislatively, shall remain in full force and effect until amended, modified, or terminated by proper authority. This Order does not supersede or otherwise affect Executive Order No. 12002. 1-104. Except to the extent inconsistent with this Order, all actions previously taken pursuant to any function delegated or assigned by this Order shall be deemed to have been taken and authorized by this Order. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 2, 1980. [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 4:50 p.m., May 2, 1980] Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. April 26 The President met at the White House with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. April 28 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance; -Prime Minister J. M. G. Adams of Barbados; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison. In the evening the President attended a buffet dinner and participated in a briefing on his budget and oil import fee proposals, given for Democratic Members of the House of Representatives on the State Floor of the White House. The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the fiscal year 1979 annual report of the Administration on Aging of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. April 29 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -the Democratic congressional leadership; -5-year-old Marcy Knox, of York, Pa., 824 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the Poster Child for Better Hearing and Speech Month; -Mr. Moore; -Minister of Defense Ezer Weizman of Israel. April 30 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Secretary of Agriculture Bob Bergland, Secretary of Commerce Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Moon Landrieu, Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President, and Jack H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, to discuss domestic policies; -Mr. Moore; -Mayor Richard Hatcher of Gary, Ind.; -Representatives Jim Wright of Texas and Bob Carr of Michigan; -U.S. Ambassador to Colombia Diego C. Asencio and his family; -Vice President Mondale; -Representatives Harold T. Johnson of California and James J. Howard of New Jersey. May 1 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -representatives of accounting firms; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Indiana in the East Room at the White House. May 2 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Acting Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, Secretary of State-designate Edmund S. Muskie, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Donovan; -Mr. Moore. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on the administration's anti-inflation program given for a group of black ministers in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David, Md. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted April 28, 1980 P. MICHAEL TIMPANE, of Virginia, to be Director of the National Institute of Education, vice Patricia Albjerg Graham, resigned. 825 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted May 1, 1980 The following-named persons to be members of the National Council on the Handicapped for the terms indicated (new positions): For a term of I year NELBA R. CHAVEZ, of Arizona NANETTE FABRAY MACDOUGALL, of California JOHN P. HOURIHAN, of New Jersey ODESSA KOMER, of Michigan EDWIN O. OPHEIM, of Minnesota For a term of 2 years ELIZABETH MONROE BOGGS, of New Jersey MARY P. CHAMBERS, of New Hampshire JACK GENAIR DUNCAN, of South Carolina THOMAS JOE, of the District of Columbia For a term of 3 years DONALD E. GALVIN, of Michigan JUDITH E. HEUMANN, of California HOWARD A. RUSK, of New York J. DAVID WEBB, of Georgia HENRY WILLIAMS, of New York Submitted May 2, 1980 The following-named persons to be members of the Federal Council on the Aging for the terms indicated: SHIMEJI KANAZAWA, of Hawaii, for a term expiring June 5, 1981, vice Bertha S. Adkins, term expired. CHARLES J. FAHEY, of New York, for a term expiring December 19, 1982, vice Nelson H. Cruikshank, term expired. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released April 28, 1980 News conference: on the resignation of Cyrus R. Vance as Secretary of State-by Press Secretary Jody Powell Released April 29, 1980 Advance text: remarks at a White House briefing on energy conservation in transportation News conference: on the selection of Senator Edmund S. Muskie as Secretary of Stateby Press Secretary Powell Released May 1, 1980 Fact sheet: U.S.-Japan science and technology agreement ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved April 30,1980 H.R. 7140 --- —-------- Public Law 96-239 An act to amend title IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 to postpone for two months the date on which the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation must pay benefits under terminated multiemployer plans. Approved May 1, 1980 H.J. Res. 541 --- —------ Public Law 96-240 A joint resolution making additional funds available by transfer for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, for the Federal Trade Commission. 826 Week Ending Friday, May 9, 1980 Josip Broz Tito Statement on the Death of the President of Yugoslavia. May 4, 1980 President Josip Broz Tito was a towering figure on the world stage. After leading his partisan forces to a hard-fought victory during World War II, he founded and led the postwar Yugoslav State for nearly 35 years. During that period he and his peoples faced many challenges, but met them with a resolute determination to maintain Yugoslavia's independence and unity and its own unique approach to domestic and foreign policies. He was the last surviving member of that group of statesmen who founded and led the nonaligned movement to its present prominence in world affairs. President Tito's position in the history of his era is assured for all time. President Tito's many meetings with Americans, including those during his highly successful state visit to the United States in March 1978, gave many of us the opportunity to become acquainted with him and to learn from him the wisdom and perspective that came from his years of experience and his strength of conviction. He was a man who sought practical and lasting solutions not only to the issues confronting his own country but to those affecting countries and peoples far from Yugoslavia's shores. I share with the Yugoslav peoples the sense of loss that they and many others throughout the world feel at the passing of this commanding leader. On behalf of the American people, the United States Government, and myself, I wish to extend sincere condolences and deepest sympathy to the peoples of Yugoslavia at this tragic moment. For more than three decades, under administrations of both parties, it has been the policy of the United States to support the independence, territorial integrity, and unity of Yugoslavia. President Tito's death comes at a particularly troubled time in international relations. I reaffirm today that America will continue its longstanding policy of support for Yugoslavia and do what it must to provide that support. I pledge again that this Government will not tolerate terrorist acts directed against Yugoslavia or its representatives here. We have confidence in the new Yugoslav leadership, duly established in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of Yugoslavia, to lead the nation and its economy through this period. I have already informed the Yugoslav President, Mr. Kolisevski, of my condolences and my Nation's support. NOTE: On May 5, the White House announced that the President asked Vice President Walter F. Mondale to lead the United States delegation to the funeral services for President Tito in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, on May 8. The Vice President, who met with President Tito during an official visit to Yugoslavia in May 1977, departed Washington on May 6 and returned the night of May 8. 827 May 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 League of Women Voters Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session at the League's Biennial National Convention. May 5, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. President Ruth Hinerfeld and distinguished members of the League of Women Voters: It's an honor for me to come back. The opportunity for a Governor to speak to a national convention of the League was indeed a pleasure and an inspiration to me. It gave me a broader vision of what I might do in the future on a national basis. [Laughter] And I have to say that when I was Governor, our State was going through a very difficult transition period with deep sociological changes and changes in the structure of our government. As was the case in January of 1977, I was a newcomer to Atlanta, as I was a newcomer to Washington later on, and the League had an insight and a degree of courage and commitment and attention to detail on the broadest possible range that was extremely valuable to me, as it is now. This morning I'm going to speak very briefly and then spend what time we have available answering questions that you might ask. When I was Governor, my predecessor had been asked about prison rehabilitation. The press said, "How can we have a better prison rehabilitation program?" Those of you who are from Georgia know what his answer was. He said, "What we need is a better class of prisoners." [Laughter] Well, when people ask me now, "How can we solve our problems on an international and national basis quicker and more incisive?", my answer is, "We need a better class of problems." [Laughter] ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS It's easy for us to forget in a country so great as ours the perspective that should be given to our Nation's strength, our Nation's accomplishments, and our Nation's challenges and problems. We deal on a daily basis with the controversies, the sharp debates, the temporary disappointment, the transient circumstances that cause us concern or inconvenience, and that becomes the all-pervasive realization of what our Nation is. But when we stop to think about what our Nation is, what our accomplishments are, what our blessings have been, what our opportunity for the future might be, it's indeed reassuring to a President and to a citizen of our great country. Freedom, the attention given to an individual human being, a good education system, a benevolent attitude toward the world, a commitment to human rights, principles that don't change, a deep moral and ethical commitment, and the tapping of the resources of a free enterprise system, a democratic government, bountiful, natural blessings, with just a slight tinge now of restraint on energy-all these things bode well for our country in the future. This is a time of challenge. Ruth, your president, will be working on an almost daily basis among a very small group of people who are developing for me an agenda, for the 1980's, trying to project, 10 years in the future, what we might be and how we might resolve the questions, the problems, the challenges, and the obstacles that are so obvious to us all. We believe in social and economic justice, and we believe in peace-peace for our own country and, within the bounds of our influence, peace for others; a peace based not on weakness, but on 82-8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 5 strength-a strength that doesn't need to prove under actual test conditions that it's there, a strength recognized by other countries and other people, and a strength recognized by us. America is going through a transition period. For the first time in our history, we now have to realize that there are indeed limits on what God has given us to use or to use up or to waste. There is a limit on energy reserves. We've never had to face that before. And we're going into a new period where there can be just as much excitement and innovation and achievement and gratification of human needs as ever before, but with a much more careful stewardship and a much more responsible approach to conservation and the elimination of waste than Americans have ever had to face in the past. Three years ago, I spoke about the moral equivalent of war, and the next few weeks I was disconcerted to see op-ed editorials and the columnists write about the exaggeration that I put forward in a speech to the Nation and a speech to the Joint Session of the Congress. We anticipated then that the supply of energy would meet the demands for energy sometime in the mid-1980's. Those two lines intersected in 1979, and we now face a time when we must change. This year we will buy from other countries $90 billion worth of oil. That's more than the net income last year of all the corporations listed in the Fortune 500. That amounts to $400 for every man, woman, and child in the United States. We import not only tremendous amounts of oil but also inflation and unemployment, and we eliminate the opportunity to take that money and invest it in our own country for a better life for us all. We had been increasing rapidly the amount of oil we used. But in the last year or two, there has been a growing realization among Americans that we cannot waste energy in the future, and we've cut back now our imports and our consumption of oil by 5 percent in the last year. We'll have to do better in the future. There are only two ways to cut back on imports, very simple rules: one is to conserve energy, and secondly, to produce more energy in the United States. That's all; simple-[laughter]-but complicated and difficult. And the Congress has now been wrestling with this challenging problem-successfully, I might say-for the last 3 years. And we do have the immediate prospect, in the next few weeks, of having a national energy policy for the first time. Interest rates have begun to fall, the inflation rate will be down substantially during the summer, but at the same time in this transition phase, we face the prospect of a recession. We hope it will be mild. We have narrowly focused, very fine Federal programs that have been evolved to deal with increasing threats of unemployment. But as we go to the Congress this year for budget considerations, I need your partnership in protecting those programs designed compassionately to meet the needs of the most dependent persons in our country. We'll have a competent government; it's got to be compassionate. And I think if you compare, as I'm sure you are, very thoroughly the proposals that I have made to the Congress compared to what the Senate and the House budget committees have done, you see that we've got a battle on our hands. One of the immediate concerns, as a "for instance," is that we've got to get a 829 May 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 third budget resolution, authorization legislation, and appropriations to continue food stamps after May 15. I need your active help. If the League could take that on as a project during the next 10 days[laughter]-I know you're looking for projects-[laughter]-it will have a major impact. The prospects now are not good, and we see a possibility, maybe even a probability, that in about 2 weeks, 21 million Americans will no longer receive food stamps. This will create a horrendous problem in our country, not only the disillusionment of those who might be hungry but enormous lines of people outside the welfare offices throughout the country searching for some alternative. And the bureaucratic structure will have to be terminated by law, and then it will take a while to get it back into motion when the Congress finally acts. So, there are challenges; there are problems. But I have never known in the history of this country, when Americans could identify and unite, a question that was not answered, a problem that was not solved, or an obstacle that was not overcome. That's typical of Americans, and I see no prospect of failure now. The last thing I'd like to say before I answer questions is this: We've made a lot of progress in this 200-year period in economic and social justice, and I guess you would have to add political justice. We've still got one major unmet need, and that is to have the equal rights amendment ratified. And again, I would like to have the help of the League of Women Voters-[laughter]-in this project. Again, we've made some progress. We've had, I think, 6 women Cabinet officers in 200 years; I've appointed 3 of them-[laughter]-not enough, not enough. [Laughter] And we've got 32 Federal judges now who are women, and I've appointed 28 of the 32. And we've had a net decrease in Federal employment, since I've been President, in the bureaucracy, but we've had a 26,000 increase in the number of women employed. I would like to see, with the equal rights amendment applicable throughout theNation, a time in the not distant future when no President or no public speaker, including Governors or Members of Congress, would have to ever mention again how many women judges there are. At this time, I'd like to ask those who have questions to come to the microphones, and I'll try to keep my answers as brief as possible. I think they are numbered, and I will try to keep up with them. QUESTIONS PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN DEBATE Q. Mr. President, I'm Edith Bornn of the League of Women Voters of the Virgin Islands. We'd like to know if you'd give your promise to us today to participate in the League-sponsored Presidential debate this fall, if you are the nominee of the Democratic Party. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I will be glad to participate this fall, if I am the nominee. [Laughter] It will be a great pleasure to be the nominee and to debate. [Laughter] DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VOTING RIGHTS AMENDMENT Q. Mr. President, my name is Ruth Dixon; I'm president of the D.C. League of Women Voters. I would like to ask, what is your position on ratification of the D.C. voting rights amendment? THE PRESIDENT. I'm strongly in favor of it. I believe that this is necessary. We 830 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 5 have, again, an unmet need, which has been recognized by the Congress, of providing voting rights for a large unfranchised group of Americans. So, I'm strongly in favor of the ratification of the D.C. amendment. Q. Thank you, Mr. President. STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION Q. Mr. President, Ruth Johnson of the Dover, Delaware, League. What are the administration's plans for taking SALT II off the back burner? We need arms control, and we're very concerned about the effects of military spending on our budget. THE PRESIDENT. At the time the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, I worked with the congressional leaders, Senator Byrd and others, in not withdrawing SALT II from the calendar. It is still on the calendar as a top-priority business in the ratification of treaties. I'm looking forward to an opportunity to revive the ratification of SALT II, and I have made it plain to the Soviet Union leaders that until this treaty is ratified, provided there's a reciprocal commitment by the Soviet Union honored through our own close observation of their actions, that we will also honor the provisions of SALT II even before it is ratified. We are now prepared to move forward on the theater nuclear force discussions, which affect primarily medium-range missiles, not located in our own country, but in Europe, East and West Europe, and also to commence work on SALT III. This is a deep commitment of mine, and I'm determined that before I go out of office that we will have successfully concluded the negotiations with the Soviet Union to drastically reduce nuclear weapons, with the goal of eliminating nuclear weapons completely from the face of the Earth. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT'AL QTIALITY Q. I'm Merrill Clark, Niles, Michigan, League. You have supported a massive synthetic fuels program arid an energy mobilization board with powers to waive substantive environmental ta-ws. How is this support consistent with your stated commitment to increased use of renewable energy sources, conservation, and environmental protection? THE PRESIDENT. I do not favor any waiver of substantive law. What we put forward, and what I hope the Congress will agree to do, is to have an energy mobilization board which, in effect, just cuts through redtape and expedites decisions to be made on projects that will provide more energy for our country. This is called a fast-track method. It does not get into whether or not a project should be approved. It does require that a quick decision be made and not dragged out for 7 or 8 years. one way or the other. But I do not favor any waiver of substantive law. The security corporation will provide adequate funding for the provision of alternative sources of energy, derived about 75 percent in the first number of years from coal-and this oil and gas would be cleanburning-and then later, of course, to move into the production of oil and gas from shale, which is not presently being tapped in our country. My conviction is and my commitment is that this will be done without lowering the air or water standards at all. And I believe we will be successful in getting the legislation and also protecting substantive 831 May 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 law by our country, the National Government, and also the State and local governments and protect the environmental quality as well. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR CITIES Q. Beverly Rosenstein, League of Women Voters, Highland Park, Illinois. Mr. President, the well-intended and well-debated programs designed to rescue our cities, already in trouble, are suffering from malnutrition, largely lack of adequate funding. What will you do to save our cities? THE PRESIDENT. With very few exceptions, the mayors of the country have been very supportive-[laughter] —of not only the programs that we've put forward to save the cities but also of me and my reelection campaign. [Laughter] And I think this is indicative of a new sense of common partnership that presently does exist between local governments, both county and city, and also the State and Federal Governments. We've had a major rejuvenation of the quality of life in the cities already. In our search for a balanced budget in order to turn downward the interest rate and inflation rate increases, we have done the best we could to preserve those programs that are important to the cities, both in employment-we'll have a million youth jobs this summer. Most of the CETA programs are preserved. The employment and public service jobs are still preserved. We have a $2 billion proposal put forward for youth employment. The local portion of the revenue sharing has been protected in our recommendations to the Congress, and also we advocated, as you know, that $500 million each year from the State portion of revenue sharing be allotted to those cities which need help most. My opinion is that the best way to ensure that the cities will continue to improve is to orient not just special programs designed for the cities but all programsin transportation, education, health, and environmental quality, jobs, housing-to orient those toward the deteriorating areas of our country as a top priority. This means some shift in past policy compared to what was the attitude of previous administrations. And I think we again have the strong support of local governments. But I think that in the last 3 years we've had a substantial improvement; still have a long way to go. But there is an overwhelming support of what we have put forward by the county and city officials in the country. I think this is the best indication that what I've told you as an analysis is completely objective, not subjective, not biased, but accurate. And our commitment to the cities will not be attenuated in the future. EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT Q. Mr. President, I'm Janet Otwell, from the League of Women Voters of Illinois, the next State that's going to ratify the equal rights amendment. THE PRESIDENT. Right on. Q. We're grateful for your support, and we were grateful for your support 2 years ago, because we know you did make telephone calls and help. I understand a delegation of our members, a bipartisan delegation of the members of our general assembly, is in Washington today to speak with you. THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. I wondered if you could tell us what kind of support you're going to offer them 832 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 5 and also what kind of support, or if you have talked with the mayor of the city of Chicago and the president of the Cook County board, and if they have given you any indication of the kind of support that we will get in the general assembly. THE PRESIDENT. In the last, probably, 5 or 6 months, I have met every month with the leaders of, I would guess, 15 different organizations committed to the ratification of ERA. I meet with them personally. Quite often the Vice President joins us, and my wife, also. We have our best prospect in Illinois. Two years ago, as you said, we didn't do our early work adequately, neither I nor others who were interested in ERA. We started quicker this year. We still have a very accurate assessment or count on the number of Illinois members of the house and senate who might be inclined to vote for ERA. As you know, the recent primaries showed that of all those in the house, I think, 6 who lost were anti-ERA. They were replaced with pro-ERA, and one pro-ERA house member lost but was defeated by someone, I understand, who was even stronger for ERA. [Laughter] So, this afternoon I will be meeting, as you say, with a bipartisan group of legislators from the house and senate in Illinois to make plans on how we might be successful this year in Illinois. I have a good relationship with the mayor of Chicago on this issue-[laughter]-and also with the other political leaders in Cook County; for instance, the former mayor's son is also going to be helping us with the ERA effort. And it's still in doubt. It would be a mistake for any of those in this room to think that it will be an easy task, but I believe we have a better chance this year than we've ever had before in Illinois. In my judgment, if Illinois does go with ERA, it'll only leave two States, and it'll be much easier for us to get those States subsequently if we win a victory in Illinois. So, I'm in it with you; we all need to do a lot of work. And if any of you can add your voice to mine and others to get ERA ratified in Illinois this year, it will be a major step forward to give an equality of treatment for women, who have felt too long the burden of discrimination. Let me add one parenthetical note. If any of you are interested or know the members of the house or senate in Illinois and you'd like to know what you can do to help induce them to vote or how they stand on the issue, if you would call Sarah Weddington, who's sitting on my left, third on my left, at the White House, she can give you an update on the issue so that you can help in your own way. CUBAN REFUGEES Q. I'm Marian Shapiro from Hayes, Kansas, League of Women Voters. I've been persuaded to ask this question by the Florida group. [Laughter] And I've been told by your aide that I can stop shaking, because you're a nice guy. [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. If you'll be nice to me, I'll stop shaking, too. Okay? [Laughter] I hate to hear this one coming. [Laughter] Go ahead. Q. In light of thousands of illegal and legal immigrants arriving daily, a problem which is reaching critical proportions, what does your administration intend to do about enforcing current immigration laws and providing funds and programs for dealing with these newcomers, who are presently a great burden on local communities? THE PRESIDENT. The entire subject or issue or problem of the Cuban refugees 833 May 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 has been greatly aggravated by the inhumane approach by Fidel Castro. We, as a nation, have always had our arms open to receiving refugees in accordance with American law. We now have more than 800,000 Cuban refugees in our country, who are making outstanding new American citizens, as you know. I have a responsibility to administer the law, because I've taken an oath to do so, and to administer it in a fair and equitable way. It's important for me, for instance, to treat the Cuban refugees with the same degree of compassion and understanding and with the same commitment to the law as we do the refugees from Haiti and from other countries. We are the most generous nation on Earth in receiving refugees, and I feel very deeply that this commitment should be maintained. Ours is a country of refugees. Many of those in this room have either parents or grandparents who were refugees who came here looking for a new life of freedom, a chance to worship as they pleased, or a chance to combine their own talents to build a growing and dynamic country. Those of us who have been here for a generation or six or eight generations ought to have just as open a heart to receive the new refugees as our ancestors were received in the past. I have organized within the White House, under a senior assistant, Jack Watson, a combined group of departments who are working on this special inflow of Cuban refugees. In the last few days we have received more than 10,000 from Cubla. We've now opened up a staging area at Eglin Air Force Base in the northwestern part of Florida, and we're receiving these refugees now, primarily into the Key West area. As you know, there are almost 400 of those who have been issued visas by our country who are hiding from mob violence instigated by Castro himself, and we're trying to get those freed by Castro to come on into our country. These are primarily former political prisoners. So, those 400 plus literally tens of thousands of others will be received in our country with understanding, as expeditiously as we can, as safely as possible on their journey across the 90 miles of ocean, and processed in accordance with the law. So, I don't know how else to answer your question except to say we're doing the' best we can. I think the local and State officials in Florida have been extraordinarily forthcoming. We do have a need to go back to the Congress for additional funds to care for this unexpected influx of refugees. You can help here; the League can help. But we'll continue to provide an open heart and open arms to refugees seeking freedom from Communist domination and from economic deprivation, brought about primarily by Fidel Castro and his government. FEDERAL PROGRAMS AND BUDGET PROPOSALS Q. Mr. President, my name is Joann Fritz, and I'm from the greater Dayton area. And inasmuch as Ohio is fast becoming a depressed State, please relate to us your opinion of the upcoming Federal budget cuts that may affect child development programs and emergency assistance programs, coupled with the employment factors as a result of automobiles, steel, and population movements. THE PRESIDENT. I will. This will have to be the last question I'll take. We have put forward to the Congress a budget that is very carefully balanced and which is very carefully designed to protect those programs which you have 834 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 5 mentioned. This is a year, however, when the battles within the Congress are not going to be easy ones. Both the House Budget Committee and, even worse, in the Senate Budget Committee, those programs which you mentioned have been severely cut. These proposals will now go to the floor of the House and Senate for a resolution of the difference between the two budget committee recommendations, and then, of course, we'll go to the individual appropriations committees and then back to the floor again for the second and third budget resolutions. As time goes on and the effect of the deprivation of these programs, including food stamps and others, are felt on a personal basis, my judgment is that the individual Members of the House and Senate, whether they be Democrats or Republicans, liberal or conservative, will see that out of humaneness, they will come back to the proposals that I made originally, which will protect these job programs, the housing programs, and others. My recommendations in some areas are quite liberal. As a matter of fact, my first recommendation to Congress, when we put forward a balanced budget, was to increase federally assisted housing by 25 percent above what it is in the current year, up to 300,000 federally assisted homes. We've now asked the Congress to expand the 235 program, with Government-subsidized interest rates, to add another hundred thousand homes that will be federally assisted. This is still an issue that is in doubt, but I think with the crippled homebuilding industry and with the increasing demand for homes by our citizens, particularly the low- and middle-income groups, the Congress will eventually adopt substantially what I recommended for a budget. The proposal that I put forward on defense expenditures is adequate. The Congress is naturally inclined, in a time of international tension, to want to raise that even more. The Senate has done so. We defeated, as you know, the Holt amendment this past year, that would have taken $5 billion more out of domestic programs and put them into defense programs. I think that's an early indication of what will come in the future. But I genuinely need to have the support of the League and all those in our country who are concerned about children-we've not cut AFDC at all-who are concerned about the elderly-we've not cut social security, SSI, we've not cut Meals on Wheels-and are concerned about jobs. As I said earlier, we have not cut public employment jobs, we've not cut the million summer youth jobs. We're trying to build up those job programs in spite of budget stringencies. So, in all of the proposals that I've made, I believe that in your own analysis-and the League does a superb job in doing this-you'll find that it's to the advantage of those deprived people to have the administration's budget approved and to eliminate some of the unwarranted cuts that have been put forward in the House and Senate. Let me say this, in closing, to you: Your influence in this country, I think, is probably underestimated, even by the members of the League of Women Voters. Quite often, because of the tremendous diversity of responsibilities on a Member of the House of Representatives or the U.S. Senate or a President, there's not enough time to address every individual issue in a definitive and a deep way. And in your own subcommittee work, in education and housing and transportation 835 May 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 and environmental quality, in health, those kinds of issues can be more deeply understood by you. And there is nothing more effective, in my judgment, than to have a small group from the League ask for and receive an appointment with a Member of the Senate or House, particularly when they are home on a weekend or on a temporary vacation, and just say, "I want to talk to you for a few minutes about health or children or education." And I hope that you will stay very close to me. Ruth Hinerfeld sees me probably more often than she would want to, because I call on her so much. [Laughter] And her avenue to the Oval Office is absolutely unimpeded. She can talk to me anytime she wishes, to express to me clearly the commitments and the motivations of the League of Women Voters. It's a stabilizing effect on our country and also an inspirational and a dynamic and aggressive approach to problems. I'm eager to be a partner with you, and I'm convinced that we can have forward progress and, together, make the greatest nation on Earth even greater in the future. Thank you very much for letting me be here today. NOTE: The President spoke at 11 a.m. in the ballroom at the Sheraton Washington Hotel. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Message to the Congress Transmitting Amendments to Reorganization Plan No. I of 1980. May 5, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I herewith transmit the following amendments to Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980, which I sent to the Congress on March 27, 1980. The amendments to Reorganization Plan No. 1 are consistent with my original intent of strengthening the management of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order to improve safety in all of the agency's activities, while preserving the advantages of the Commission form. The amendments reinforce the purpose of the Plan in two respects. First, the amended Plan gives the Commission a greater role in selection of key program officers of the agency by adding four positions to the list of appointments initiated by the Chairman for the Commission's advice and consent. These are the Executive Director for Operations, the Director of Inspection and Enforcement, the Director of Nuclear Regulatory Research, and the Director of Standards Development. Each of these positions contributes to nuclear safety regulation, and each performs functions that help determine the policy and performance of the agency. The Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards advises the Commission as a whole. Since its members serve renewable 4-year terms, another amendment provides that a Commission member, as well as the Chairman, can initiate an appointment to the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards for approval by the Commission. As a means to ensure that the flow of information to the Commission will not be restricted, the Plan has been amended to make explicit that the Chairman, and the Executive Director of Operations through the Chairman, shall keep the Commission fully and currently informed. The second general purpose of the amendments is to provide for more effective executive management of the agency 836 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 5 by making more explicit the responsibilities of the Chairman and the Executive Director for Operations acting under his direction. As amended, the Plan charges the Chairman with planning for the development of policy for consideration and approval by the Commission. In the past, this responsibility has not been clearly fixed and has consequently been neglected. The amended Plan continues to make clear that the Executive Director for Operations reports to the Chairman. An amendment, however, requires the Chairman to delegate to the Executive Director for Operations the authority to appoint the staff and the day-to-day administration of the agency. Under this arrangement, the Chairman retains responsibility for the delegated functions but will be better able to handle his other leadership tasks. In summary, the amendments I am transmitting to Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980, based on review and hearings conducted by the Congress and on continued consultations, will help establish a more accountable central management structure for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission as it pursues its statutory objective of ensuring safety in the use of nuclear power. assembled on March 27, 1980, is hereby amended to read as follows: NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION SECTION 1. (a) Those functions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Commission", concerned with: (1) policy formulation; (2) rulemaking, as defined in section 553 of Title 5 of the United States Code, except that those matters set forth in 553 (a) (2) and (b) which do not pertain to policy formulation orders or adjudications shall be reserved to the Chairman of the Commission; (3) orders and adjudications, as defined in section 551 (6) and (7) of Title 5 of the United States Code; shall remain vested in the Commission. The Commission may determine by majority vote, in an area of doubt, whether any matter, action, question or area of inquiry pertains to one of these functions. The performance of any portion of these functions may be delegated by the Commission to a member of the Commission, including the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Chairman", and to the staff through the Chairman. (b) (1) With respect to the following officers or successor officers duly established by statute or by the Commission, the Chairman shall initiate the appointment, subject to the approval of the Commission; and the Chairman or a member of the Commission may initiate an action for removal, subject to the approval of the Commission: (i) Executive Director for Operations, JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 5, 1980. AMENDMENTS TO REORGANIZATION PLAN No. 1 OF 1980 Prepared by the President and submitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled May 5, 1980, pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 9 of Title 5 of the United States Code. Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980, which was transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress 837 May 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 (ii) General Counsel, (iii) Secretary of the Commission, (iv) Director of the Office of Policy Evaluation, (v) Director of the Office of Inspector and Auditor, (vi) Chairman, Vice Chairman, Executive Secretary, and Members of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, (vii) Chairman, Vice Chairman and Members of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Panel. (2) With respect to the following officers or successor officers duly established by statute or by the Commission, the Chairman, after consultation with the Executive Director for Operations, shall initiate the appointment, subject to the approval of the Commission, and the Chairman, or a member of the Commission may initiate an action for removal, subject to the approval of the Commission: (i) Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, (ii) Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, (iii) Director of Nuclear Regulatory Research, (iv) Director of Inspection and Enforcement, (v) Director of Standards Development. (3) The Chairman or a member of the Commission shall initiate the appointment of the Members of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, subject to the approval of the Commission. The provisions for appointment of the Chairman of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards and the term of the members shall not be affected by the provisions of this Reorganization Plan. (4) The Commission shall delegate the function of appointing, removing and supervising the staff of the following offices or successor offices to the respective heads of such offices: General Counsel, Secretary of the Commission, Office of Policy Evaluation, Office of Inspector and Auditor. The Commission shall delegate the functions of appointing, removing and supervising the staff of the following panels and committee to the respective Chairmen thereof: Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Panel and Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards. (c) Each member of the Commission shall continue to appoint, remove and supervise the personnel employed in his or her immediate office. (d) The Commission shall act as provided by subsection 201 (a) (1) of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended (42 U.S.C. 5841 (a) (1)) in the performance of its functions as described in subsections (a) and (b) of this section. SECTION 2. (a) All other functions of the Commission, not specified by Section 1 of this Reorganization Plan, are hereby transferred to the Chairman. The Chairman shall be the official spokesman for the Commission, and shall appoint, supervise, and remove, without further action by the Commission, the Directors and staff of the Office of Public Affairs and the Office of Congressional Relations. The Chairman may consult with the Commission as he deems appropriate in exercising this appointment function. (b) The Chairman shall also be the principal executive officer of the Commission, and shall be responsible to the Commission for developing policy planning 838 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 5 and guidance for consideration by the Commission; shall be responsible to the Commission for assuring that the Executive Director for Operations and the staff of the Commission (other than the officers and staff referred to in sections (1) (b) (4), (1) (c) and (2) (a) of this Reorganization Plan) are responsive to the requirements of the Commission in the performance of its functions; shall determine the use and expenditure of funds of the Commission, in accordance wth the distribution of appropriated funds according to major programs and purposes approved by the Commission; shall present to the Commission for its consideration the proposals and estimates set forth in subsection (3) of this paragraph; and shall be responsible for the following functions, which he shall delegate, subject to his direction and supervision, to the Executive Director for Operations unless otherwise provided by this Reorganization Plan: (1) administrative functions of the Commission; (2) distribution of business among such personnel and among administrative units and offices of the Commission; (3) preparation of (i) proposals for the reorganization of the major offices within the Commission; (ii) the budget estimate for the Commission; and (iii) the proposed distribution of appropriated funds according to major programs and purposes. (4) appointing and removing without any further action by the Commission, all officers and employees under the Commission other than those whose appointment and removal are specifically provided for by subsections 1 (b), (c) and 2 (a) of this Reorganization Plan. (c) The Chairman as principal executive officer and the Executive Director for Operations shall be governed by the general policies of the Commission and by such regulatory decisions, findings, and determinations, including those for reorganization proposals, budget revisions and distribution of appropriated funds, as the Commission may by law, including this Plan, be authorized to make. The Chairman and the Executive Director for Operations, throug h the Chairmnan, shall be responsible for insuring that the Commission is fully and currently informed about matters within its functions. SECTION 3. (a) Notwithstanding sections 1 and 2 of this Reorganization Plan, there are hereby transferred to the Chairman all the functions vested in the Commission pertaining to an emergency concerning a particular facility or materials licensed or regulated by the Commission, including the functions of declaring, responding, issuing orders, determining specific policies, advising the (civil aithorities and the public, directing, and coordinating actions relative to such emergency incident. (b) The Chairman ra y delegate the authority to perform such emergency functions, in whole or in part, to any of the other members of the Commission. Such authority may also be delegated or redelegated, in whole or in part, to the staff of the Commission. (c) In acting under this section, the Chairman, or other member of the Commission delegated authority under subsection (b), shall conform to the policy guidelines of the Commission. To tfhe 839 May 5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 maximum extent possible under the emergency conditions, the Chairman or other member of the Commission delegated authority under subsection (b), shall inform the Commission of actions taken relative to the emergency. (d) Following the conclusion of the emergency, the Chairman or the member of the Commission delegated the emergency functions under subsection (b), shall render a complete and timely report to the Commission on the actions taken during the emergency. SECTION 4. (a) The Chairman may make such delegations and provide for such reporting as the Chairman deems necessary, subject to provisions of law and this Reorganization Plan. Any officer or employee under the Commission may communicate directly to the Commission, or to any member of the Commission, whenever in the view of such officer or employee a critical problem of public health and safety or common defense and security is not being properly addressed. (b) The Executive Director for Operations shall report for all matters to the Chairman. (c) The function of the Directors of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, and Nuclear Regulatory Research of reporting directly to the Commission is hereby transferred so that such officers report to the Executive Director for Operations. The function of receiving such reports is hereby transferred from the Commission to the Executive Director for Operations. (d) The heads of the Commission level offices or successor offices, of General Counsel, Secretary to the Commission, Office of Policy Evaluation, Office of Inspector and Auditor, the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel and Appeal Panel, and Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards shall continue to report directly to the Commission and the Com mission shall continue to receive such reports. SECTION 5. The provisions of this Reorganization Plan shall take effect October 1, 1980, or at such earlier time or times as the President shall specify, but no sooner than the earliest time allowable under Section 906 of Title 5 of the United States Code. Department of Education Nomination of Martha Elizabeth Keys To Be Assistant Secretary for Legislation. May 5, 1980 The President today announced his intention to nominate Martha Elizabeth Keys, of Manhattan, Kans., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Legislation, a new position. Keys is now a special adviser to the Secretary of Education and was U.S. Representative from the Second District of Kansas from 1974 to 1978. She was born August 10, 1930, in Hutchinson, Kans. She received a B.A. from the University of Missouri in 1951. As a Member of Congress, she served on the House Ways and Means Committee and on the Subcommittees on Health and on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation. Department of Education Designation of Seven Persons To Serve as Acting Officials. May 5, 1980 The President has designated seven executive branch officials to serve in an "acting" capacity in Education Department positions. These are positions which require Senate confirmation and which have not been filled at this time. The designated officials will serve for 120 days 840 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 6 or until the office is filled, whichever comes first. The seven officials are: CYNTHIA G. BROWN, to be Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights. (The President has announced his intention to nominate Brown for this position.) DANIEL B. DUNHAM, to be Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education. (The President has announced his intention to nominate Daniel B. Taylor for this position. TavlQr cannot be appointed as Acting Assista I Secretary under this provision because he is not currently an executive branch official. Dunham is currently Deputy Commissioner for the Bureau of Occupational and Adult Education at the U.S. Office of Education.) MARTHA E. KEYS, to be Assistant Secretary for Legislation. (The President today announced his intention to nominate Keys for this position.) EDWIN W. MARTIN, JR., to be Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. (The President has announced his intention to nominate Martin for this position.) THOMAS K. MINTER, to be Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education. (Minter has been nominated for this position but has not been confirmed.) F. JAMES RUTHERFORD, to be Assistant Secretary for Educational Research and Improvement. (The President has announced his intention to nominate Rutherford for this position.) JOHN C. YAZURLO, to be Inspector General. (No one has been nominated or announced for this position. Yazurlo is Deputy Inspector General at the Department of Housing and Urban Development.) Salute to Learning Day, 1980 Proclamation 4755. May 5, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Throughout our history, Americans have been committed to the ideas of edu cation and learning. In the eighteenth century, the law often decreed that land be set aside in each township for public schools. In the nineteenth century, hundreds of towns that were scarcely more than clearings in the wilderness nevertheless had their Lyceums, named for the garden in Athens where Aristotle taught, and dedicated to public enlightenment. As our Nation grew, teachers in every town and city spread the love of learning and offered the opportunity to make the American dream come true. In the twentieth century, education has become available to Americans of all ages, both inside the classroom and through a widening range of facilities and technological aids that allow them to pursue whatever skills and knowledge they might wish from childhood through old age. America's gifts to the world include not only our Constitution, the incandescent light bulb and the automobile, but the free public school and the land-grant college system. From the beginning we Americans have found practical ways to organize ourselves to make our dreams reality. And so we have built schools, public and private, from log cabin classrooms in the backwoods to gleaming city campuses of steel and marble. Today, education is our Nation's largest enterprise. State and local governments have exercised primary responsibility for public education, gradually expanding its range. The Federal government has sought to ensure access to equal educational opportunity for all our people. Higher education-once the privilege of a tiny elite-is now within the reach of virtually every American. We have been able to build the most comprehensive and open system of public education in the world because of the continuing commitment of Americans to 841 May 6 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the essential freedom to pursue knowledge and truth, and to the principle that if the people are to rule, they must be prepared. Now, to meet the needs of the generations to come, we have established a Department of Education to express our national commitment to education, to promote equal educational opportunity, to assist local authorities in their efforts to improve our schools, and to administer Federal education programs more efficiently. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim this day, the 7th of May 1980, as Salute to Learning Day in honor of this beginning. I call upon all parents and students, all teachers and administrators, all lawmakers and public officials-I call upon all my fellow citizens to celebrate this day. As a people, let us dedicate ourselves anew to building an educational system which will cherish young people, instill self-discipline and prepare students for tomorrow's world;,whiceh will encourage scientific curiosity arAnd foster arstistic creativity; which will su2pport researc., reward good teaching and honor hish intellectual accomplish.men. Only by making this commitment can we pass on a tradition of ed, rational excellence and equal opportar:;:y -o AmericanS of the twenty-first century and give them the tools they will need to shape their own interpretations of the American dream and make their own contributions to life, ierty, and the pursuit of happiness. IN WITNESS 'Hi-E REOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:04 a.m., May 6, 1980] NOTE: The text of the proclamation was released on May 6. Federal Highway Administration Nomination of John S. Hassell, Jr., To Be Administrator. May 6, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate John S. Hassell, Jr., of Jonesboro, Ga., to be Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration (FHA). He would replace Karl Smith Bowers, who has resigned. Hassell has been Deputy Administrator of the FHA since 1978. He was born May 3, 1943, in Tallahassee, Fla. He received a B.C.E. (1961) and an M.S.C.E. (1966) from Georgia Institute of Technology and a Ph. D. from Georgia State University in 1972. He served in the U.S. Army from 1969 to 1971. From 1964 to 1966 and 1967 to 1969, Hassell was a research assistant with Georgia Tech's department of civil engineering. In 1967 he was a transportation planner with Traffic Planning Associates. As a captain in the Army from 1969 to 1971, he was an instructor at the Army Engineer School. From 1971 to 1972, Hassell was a research engineer at Georgia Tech. He was with the Georgia Department of Transportation from 1973 to 1977, as a civil engineer, chief of the systems research branch, and finally chief of the policy planning section. From 1977 to 1978, he was Associate Administrator for Planning at the FHA. 842 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 6 United States Ambassador to Kenya and Seychelles Nomination of William C. Harrop. May 6, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate William C. Harrop, of Princeton, N.J., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to the Republic of Kenya and to the Republic of Seychelles. He would replace Wilbert Le Melle, resigned. Harrop has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs since 1977. He was born February 19, 1929, in Baltimore, Md. He received an A.B. from Harvard University in 1950. He served in the U.S. Marine Corps from 1951 to 1952. Harrop joined the Foreign Service in 1954 and was posted in Palermo, Rome, Brussels, Lubumbashi, and at the State Department. In 1968-69 he was detailed to study at the Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University. From 1969 to 1973, Harrop was Director of the Office of Research and Analysis for Africa at the State Department. He was Deputy Chief of Mission in Canberra from 1973 to 1975 and Ambassador to Guinea from 1975 to 1977. United States Ambassador to Nepal Nomination of Phillip R. Trimble. May 6, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Phillip R. Trimble, of New York City, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to the Kingdom of Nepal. He would replace L. Douglas Heck, resigned. Trimble was deputy mayor of New York City for intergovernmental relations from 1978 to 1979. He was born November 12, 1937, in Springfield, Ohio. He received an A.B. from Ohio University in 1958, an M.A. from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in 1959, and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1963. He was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Rangoon (Burma) in 1960. From 1963 to 1964, Trimble was a teaching associate at the School of Law at the University of California at Berkeley. From 1964 to 1971, he was an attorney with the New York law firm of Cravath, Swaine & Moore. From 1971 to 1972, Trimble was on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee staff. From 1972 to 1974, he again practiced with Cravath, Swaine & Moore. From 1974 to 1977, he was Assistant Legal Adviser for Economics and Business at the State Department. Trimble was the leader of a successful American expedition to Mount Everest in 1976 and has led several other mountaineering expeditions. United States Ambassador to the Sudan Nomination of C. William Kontos. May 6, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate C. William Kontos, of Chicago, Ill., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to the Democratic Republic of the 843 May 6 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Sudan. He would replace Donald C. Bergus, resigned. Kontos has been Special Representative of the President and Director of the Sinai Support Mission since 1976. He was born August 10, 1922, in Chicago. He received an M.A. from the University of Chicago in 1948. He served in the U.S. Army from 1943 to 1946. Kontos was with the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) from 1949 to 1972. He was stationed in Greece, Ceylon, and Nigeria, and at AID's Washington headquarters. From 1965 to 1967, Kontos was Director of Personnel for AID. From 1967 to 1969, he was Director of the U.S. AID Mission to Pakistan, and from 1969 to 1972, he was Director of Program Evaluation at AID in Washington. From 1972 to 1974, Kontos was posted at the United Nations as Deputy Commissioner-General of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency. From 1974 to 1976, he was on the policy planning staff at the State Department. National Consumer Cooperative Bank Nomination of Alexis Herman To Be a Member of the Board of Directors. May 6, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Alexis Herman to be a member of the Board of Directors of the National Consumer Cooperative Bank, a new position. Herman is Director of the Women's Bureau at the Labor Department and would serve on the Board of the National Con sumer Cooperative Bank as a Government representative. She was born July 16, 1947, in Mobile, Ala. She received a B.A. from Xavier University in 1969. From 1969 to 1972, Herman was a social worker for Catholic Social Services in Mobile. From 1972 to 1974, she was director of the Black Women Employment Program of the Southern Regional Council in Atlanta and from 1974 to 1977, she was national director of women's programs for the Minority Women Employment Program of the Recruitment and Training Program, Inc., in Atlanta. Herman has been director of the Women's Bureau since 1977. One of her responsibilities is chairing the task force which coordinates and monitors the minority bank deposit program and contracts to minority-owned businesses and womenowned businesses. National Advisory Council on Adult Education Appointment of Five Members. May 6, 1980 The President today announced that he has appointed five persons to be members of the National Advisory Council on Adult Education, for terms expiring July 10, 1982. They are: NOELIA G. BALDAZO, of Seattle, a project consultant with the firm of Osoro & Associates. She will replace Gertrude Calden, whose term has expired. MICHAEL E. CRAWFORD, of Davenport, Iowa, chancellor/superintendent of the Eastern Iowa Community College District. He will replace Joan E. Kennedy, whose term has expired. 844 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 6 IRBY DELL ENGRAM, SR., of Fairburn, Ga., the retired former administrator and academic dean/registrar of South Georgia College. He will replace Lane Murray, whose term has expired. HELEN H. HUFF, of Boise, Idaho, the director of adult education at Boise State University. She will replace Betty Mage, whose term has expired. EDWARD J. MORTOLA, of New Rochelle, N.Y., the president of Pace University in New York. He will replace John Wu, whose term has expired. White House Briefing for Civic and Community Leaders Remarks During a Briefing on Energy and Inflation. May 6, 1980 First of all, let me say how grateful I am that you would come to the White House for a briefing about matters that are of concern to you and to me and to the rest of our Nation. It's important in a democracy to realize that a President is only as strong and as capable as his advisers and friends throughout the country. This is a house wherein history has been made by my predecessors and is being made every day, and to have the full involvement of leaders like all of you, who have the respect of your peers at home and who have knowledge and experience so valuable to us all, is indeed exciting for me. I know that you realize the complexity of issues that confront us during these trying days, both in international matters and also in domestic affairs. There are times when international problems are combined with intense human feelings. This morning I met with the Florida delegation on the extremely difficult problem of Haitian and Cuban refugees seeking asylum in our country. And of course, the hostages being held in Iran are a constant concern to me almost every waking moment. How to resolve this serious problem for humanity and for international interrelationships is indeed a challenge which we have not yet been able to resolve. I could not help noticing with intense interest the difference in the responsibility assumed by the British Government in protecting the Embassy of Iran compared with the Iranian Government condoning the terrorist attack on our Embassy. And the maintenance of international norms and the maintenance of the standards of human decency are a prerequisite for the orderly progress of any nation, and in particular, Iran. Their Government is fragmented. They've not been able to implement the results of their so-called revolution. In spite of weeks of attempts, they've not even been able to complete the election for members of their Parliament. Their economy is deteriorating daily. They've been condemned by almost every nation on Earth. And all of it is based upon an inhumane act encouraged by, or at least condoned by, the Government itself. The prayers and the concerns of all Americans have been demonstrated in this last few months. And I believe that our Nation is remarkably united and uncharacteristically patient in trying to preserve the lives and the safety of our hostages; at the same time, to protect the principles on which our Nation was founded and which we still must preserve. This afternoon, as you've already learned, the prime subjects at hand are the interrelationship between energy and inflation. I know, in just a very few min 845 May 6 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 utes-I won't take more than 5 more minutes-I will repeat some things that you've already heard, but I thought, from the point of view of the Oval Office, of the White House, of the President, it might be good to repeat them. The international and national domestic affairs are combined. There is no way to separate them. Inflation is a worldwide problem. Unemployment threats are a worldwide problem. And all of us are suffering, to an increasing degree in recent months, from the extraordinary increase in the price of oil. In a 16-month period, we've seen a 150 -percent increase in the price of oil sold on the international market. This is an inflation rate of 10 percent per month, an extraordinary change in price. And of course, our Nation is seriously and adversely affected in its inflation rate, because we've added this enormous increase in price to a very low average price for American gasoline and oil products compared to other consuming nations. This year we will send to foreign countries, to buy their oil, about $90 billion, equivalent to the net profit last year of all of the Fortune 500 corporations in our country and equal to $400 for every man, woman, and child in the United States of America. This is the importation not only of large quantities of oil but also we import, as you well know, both inflation and unemployment. In just a few weeks, with the conclusion of the mobilization board and security corporation legislation combined with the windfall profits tax and the omnibus bills passed in the last few months, we will finally have a national energy policy that will stand us in good stead in the future. This policy will only accomplish two things in order to cut down the import of foreign oil: One is conservation, a broad approach to eliminating waste of energy in the American societal structure; and the other of the two is the increased production of energy in our own country. To save what we use and to produce more ourselves are the only two answers to excessive imports. We had anticipated, with the previous growth rate, importing approximately 13 million barrels of oil per day by 1990. We now have a goal, which I believe we will reach, of cutting that down to about 4',2 million barrels of oil per day by 1990; perhaps, if we're fortunate, even down to 4 million barrels per day. This will require a concerted effort by American people. And I think in the last 8 to- 10 months, we've had new indications that Americans are indeed conserving, changing our habits, which is not easy for us, recognizing for the first time that there is a tangible limit on natural resources with which God has blessed this country. We've never had to face that fact before. We've always felt that whatever we needed was there, and in most instances that is the case. But it won't hurt us to be better stewards of what we have been given and to protect future generations and our children from unwarranted shortages. Oil, gas, coal are here in plentiful supply. Shale oil, productive land, sunshine, running water-all these resources are available to us. So, I don't think we need look to the future with any feeling of despair, with any feeling of selfishness. We need not grasp for some advantage at the expense of our neighbor. There will be an adequately productive life and enjoyable life 846 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 6 for us all. We are still the most blessed nation on Earth, with human freedom, strongest militarily, economically, politically, morally, ethically, and with productive land that will give us a much greater strategic advantage in the future than the OPEC nations collectively enjoy now from exportable oil. Also, it's good for us to remember that even in energy we are especially blessed. The OPEC nations combined have about 6 percent of the world's known energy reserves. We have more than 20 percent in our country, and ours are much more diverse in nature. Well, we do have a strong country. And as we look upon the day's news reports, what we remember is the argument and the debate and the temporary inconvenience or the transient disappointment. But what we sometimes tend to forget is the basic underlying strength of America-because of our natural resources, but primarily because of our people-where the individual person can have his or her talents tapped under a free enterprise system which enhances freedom and human initiative. Ours is a flexible nation. We can change rapidly to accommodate changing times. So, we can approach the future with confidence, with unity, with commitment, with a knowledge that our country, through strength, will stay at peace. And we can provide leadership on a continuing basis for the rest of the world. Now I'd like to take any questions that you might have for a few minutes. I'll start on the aisle. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:19 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. The question-and-answer session is not included in the transcript. Youth Employment and Training Legislation Statement on Action by the House Committee on Education and Labor. May 6, 1980 The enactment of major youth employment and education legislation this year is among my highest priorities. The strong bill reported today from the House Committee on Education and Labor is consistent with my administration's specifications and budget proposals. I want to congratulate Chairman Carl Perkins and Congressman Gus Hawkins, chairman of the Employment Opportunities Subcommittee, and Congressmen Bill Goodling and James Jeffords, ranking members of the key subcommittees, for their successful work on this measure. I look forward to continuing to work closely with House and Senate leaders to enact and to fund this critical initiative. Tribute to Eight American Servicemen Proclamation 4756. May 6, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The names of the eight American servicemen who died in a mission of rescue in Iran will forever stand among the names of heroes. They were valiant men. They knew the danger of the task for which they had volunteered, and they were willing to confront that danger because they wished to right a terrible wrong. 847 May 6 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 At a time when the delicate, age-old patterns of diplomatic communication that help maintain the peace of the world are under direct attack, we have a great need of men and women ready to make the sacrifices that freedom and security require. The eight who gave their lives while attempting to free their fellow Americans from an illegal and intolerable captivity were such individuals. They knew the price that freedom can demand, and they were prepared to pay it. They laid down their lives for their countrymen, for their Nation's honor, and for the principles of justice and civilization. We mourn their loss; we admire their courage; we respect their dedication; and we reaffirm the principles for which they died. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces (36 U.S.C. 178) do hereby proclaim that, as a mark of respect to the memory of these brave men, the flag of the United States shall be flown at half-staff on all buildings, grounds and naval vessels of the Federal Government in the District of Columbia and throughout the United States and its Territories and possessions upon notification of the provisions of this Proclamation until sunset on Friday, May 9. I also direct that the flag shall be flown at half-staff for the same length of time at all United States embassies, legations, consular offices, and other facilities abroad, including all military facilities and naval vessels and stations. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 1 1:44 a.m., May 7, 1980] Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Appointment of Chairman and Cochairman of the U.S. Delegation to the Review Meeting of the Conference. May 6, 1980 The President today announced his intention to appoint the former Attorney General, Judge Griffin Bell, of Atlanta, Ga., and Max M. Kampelman, Washington attorney and chairman of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, to serve as chairman and cochairman, respectively, of the United States delegation to the review meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, to be held in Madrid later this year. In view of the importance which the President attaches to this meeting, he will accord to both Judge Bell and Mr. Kampelman the personal rank of Ambassador for the duration of their assignments. Representative Dante B. Fascell, Senator Claiborne Pell, and Ambassador Terence A. Todman have agreed to serve as vice-chairmen of the delegation. Representative Fascell and Senator Pell, who are chairman and cochairman, respectively, of the U.S. (Helsinki) Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also served as vice-chairmen of the U.S. delegation to the first CSCE review meeting in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, from October 1977 through March 1978. Ambassador Todman is the U.S. Ambassador to Spain, host country for the 1980 review meeting. 848 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 7 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee Appointment of the Membership. May 7, 1980 The President today announced the five persons whom he will appoint as members of the Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee. The Committee was established by Executive order on March 18, 1980, in response to recommendations of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island (the Kemeny Commission). The Committee will monitor the progress of the utilities and their suppliers, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other Federal agencies, and State and local authorities in implementing the Kemeny Commission's recommendations and in improving the safety of nuclear power. The Committee will be in operation for at least 2 years and will report periodically to the President and the public on its findings. The five members of the Committee will be: BRUCE BABBITT, Governor of Arizona, who will serve as Chairman. Babbitt was a member of the Kemeny Commission. JOHN DEUTCH, professor of chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and former Under Secretary of Energy. MARVIN L. GOLDBERGER, a physicist and president of California Institute of Technology. Goldberger was formerly a professor of physics at Princeton University and was a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee. PATRICK E. HAGGERTY, of Dallas, Tex., who was president and chief executive officer of Texas Instruments until his retirement in 1976. Haggerty is chairman of the board of trustees of Rockefeller University and a trustee of the University of Dallas. He was a member of the Kemeny Commission. HAROLD W. LEWIS, professor of physics at the University of California at Santa Barbara and former director of the Quantum Institute there. National Advisory Council on Indian Education Appointment of Five Members. May 7, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of five persons as members of the National Advisory Council on Indian Education. They are: W. STANLEY JUNEAU, vice chairman of the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council in Browning, Mont., previously a guidance counselor at Browning High School; FRANCIS MCKINLEY, executive director of the National Indian Training and Research Center, Tempe, Ariz., who has served as a member and as chairman of the Ute Tribal Council; HELEN MARIE REDBIRD, professor of social science and coordinator of sociology and anthropology at Oregon College of Education, where her work includes special education projects and work with adult Indian education; EDWARD K. THOMAS, director of Indian education for the Ketchikan (Alaska) Borough school district and director of JohnsonO'Malley programs for the Ketchikan Indian Corp.; NOAH WOODS, principal of Oxendine Elementary School, Maxton, N.C., a rural school in a predominantly Indian community, and a member of the Advisory Council of the Lumbee Regional Development Association. Cuban Refugees Announcement of the Use of Fort Chaff ee, Arkansas, as a Temporary Housing Site. May 7, 1980 The White House announced today that Fort Chaffee, Ark., will be used as an 849 May 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 additional temporary site to house Cuban refugees awaiting resettlement. The continued heavy influx of Cuban refugees has brought the arrival facilities in the Florida Keys and the processing centers at the Tamiami Youth Center in Miami and Eglin Air Force Base in the Florida panhandle to capacity. The Federal Government processing centers and temporary housing facilities are being used to provide food, shelter, and medical care for those refugees who do not have family or friends to sponsor their arrival in this country. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is coordinating with the Department of Defense and other appropriate Federal agencies to prepare the Fort Chaffee site and relocate the refugees from their arrival points in south Florida. Fort Chaffee, near Fort Smith, Ark., was used in 1975 and 1976 as a temporary housing facility for refugees from Indochina. The facility is expected to be fully operational within a week. Department of Education Remarks at a Program Marking the Inauguration of the Department. May 7, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Secretary Hufstedler, other members of the Cabinet, Members of the Congress, distinguished leaders in the field of education, parents, and other friends of our students of all ages: There's an old saying that "victory has a hundred fathers." And I think this afternoon it's appropriate to say that this victory to establish a new Department of Education has more than a thousand fathers and mothers assembled here this afternoon. We're very delighted that this delightful ceremony has been made possible by you. This evening we will have a special ceremony here on this same platform, comprised of distinguished Americans who will give us entertainment and inspiration and who will bring with them their favorite or most significant teacher. This morning for a few minutes, about 8: 30, I had to go back to the White House on an errand. And when I walked through the second-floor hall, my wife, one of Amy's teachers, was giving her instruction in violin. And I walked past the television set on the second floor, and Loretta Lynn was introducing to one of the morning talk shows her favorite and most significant teacher-her mother. It was pointed out by her, Ms. Butcher, that she only had an eighth-grade education. And Loretta Lynn pointed out that she and her brothers and sisters in Butcher Hollow were inspired as much by her own mother in the home as even the classroom teachers, who changed quite often in that one-room schoolhouse, because the big boys quite often beat up the female teachers. This Nation has been inspired and transformed and constructed by educators of all kinds: mothers in homes, teachers in the classroom, those on a training, giving people an opportunity for a new job. You and millions of others whom you represent have made this ceremony and this celebration possible. You've given of your time, your energies, your spirits; some of you, a major part of your own life. You've made a difference between victory and defeat for this new Department and victory and defeat for the quality of education now and in the future. 850 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 7 You have a right to cherish this personal achievement and this personal victory, which has been made possible, for the rest of your lives. I congratulate you, and I thank you all. Because of you, today there is a fullfledged, Cabinet-level Department of Education and a chair in the White House, not many yards from here, in the Cabinet Room, marked "Secretary of Education." And we have an outstanding Secretary, whom I'll introduce in a few minutes, to fill that chair and to fill the responsibilities of this new job. Because of you, the voice of education, the concerns of education, the needs of education will now be more clearly heard and more clearly represented at the highest possible level of our Government. For the new Department, this day marks a commencement. It's a time to look not at our achievements of the past, which have been notable, but to look at what we can achieve and what we face in the future. Today our Nation is confronted with serious challenges. We are being tested both overseas and here at home. We see a new and vicious form of international terrorism in Tehran, and we confront a brutal and dangerous aggression in Southwest Asia that has taken thousands of lives already and which literally threatens world peace. We are threatened economically, as well, by an excessive dependence on foreign oil, and by a global inflation that results from that overdependence. Certainly these are awesome challenges. But this is not the first generation of Americans to face severe tests. This is not the first generation of Americans to have to make difficult and shocking changes and adjustments to face new conditions. This is not the first generation to seek the new opportunities which have always accompanied change. Ours is a nation born in the rough and rugged wilderness; a nation that has endured a bloody and divisive Civil War, the Great Depression, two World Wars, and more recently, social and political changes and political shocks of both stunning dimensions and whirlwind speed. Our Nation has done more than simply endure these historic challenges. We have prevailed; we've grown stronger as a nation in every way. And with each new test, we've become ever more devoted to fundamental principles and fundamental commitments and fundamental beliefs of freedom, of democracy, human rights, that have guided us since the very earliest days of our Republic. Time and again, under the most difficult of circumstances, we have been able to adapt to change. Time and again, we have exploited these new opportunities that come with change. And always, we Americans have seen the vital role that education must play in this process. Almost 200 years ago, as the early pioneers struggled just to survive from one day to another, new settlements in this new land began to put aside a specific section of land and specific commitment of time on a personal basis for the building and the maintenance of schools. This commitment to education, part of our Nation's heritage, is something that we've honored in times of strife as well as in times of peace. It was Abraham Lincoln who said that education is the most important subject in which we, as a nation, can be engaged. It was Abraham Lincoln who, in the very midst of the Civil War, signed the landgrant college act. It was Franklin Roose 851 May 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 velt who, in the climactic days of World War II, signed the GI bill. It was Dwight Eisenhower who, in the difficult and somewhat embarrassing months following the Soviet launching of the first Sputnik, signed the national defense education act. It was Lyndon Johnson who, in a time of great social unrest, signed the landmark elementary and secondary education acts. In each period of our history, new opportunities have accompanied new challenges, and in each period we saw the vital role of education in realizing these new and great opportunities. In the last century, Americans knew that the opening of the West could bring the development of a new agriculture. In the 1940's, Americans decided that those who shared the risks of battle could share in the responsibilities and the opportunities of a college education after the war was over. In the 1950's, Americans saw the challenge of Soviet technology and rose to that challenge with a major new commitment to the natural sciences. And in the 1960's, Americans faced the great challenge of long-overdue social change and the end of racial discrimination, and we resolved to meet that challenge with a dramatic new commitment to the educationally disadvantaged. Time and again, our investment in education has paid rich dividends. It is no coincidence that the same nation that set aside land and other resources for education in the first days should one day set the living standard for the world; that devoted itself to science which would one day lead the world's scientific and technological explosion; that constructed the land-grant college system a century ago is now today the breadbasket of the entire world; the nation that set the world standard for free public education, while protecting educational diversity in the private schools, would set the world standard for democratic government as well; and that a nation that knows the importance of education from all of these facts and all these experiences should one day finally form a Department of Education. Finally, it's also no coincidence that those who argue that the solutions to our Nation's problems are obvious, that ovr Nation's challenges lend themselves to simple solutions and simplistic approaches, should be the same people who opposed the establishment of this new Department. Most Americans know the value of education, not just in triggering economic and social progress, as important as they are, but in strengthening democracy and freedom. Education does more than add to the skills of the labor force or to the gross national product. Its contribution is more basic than that. Education is the way that our society regenerates itself, the way it actually recreates itself. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, it's the very "engine" of our democratic government. Without education, democratic society would be inconceivable. Sometimes we do place too heavy a burden on our schools. But the fact remains that the schools are where society can speak to itself. The schools are the place where American people take new strength from the American past, from the whole common experience of mankind. The schools are the place where Americans develop the intellectual and moral force to face the future, no matter how forbidding or how uncertain that future might be. Our country constantly faces new challenges; we face them today. We are on the cutting edge of change; we are on 852 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 7 the cutting edge of progress. If we are to prevail against these challenges, we need a deep and enduring commitment, a new commitment, to education in America. The new Department of Education can be the catalyst for this new commitment. It will make education programs more responsive. It will make those who administer and who carry out these programs more accountable to the students and to our people. And most important of all, it will heighten attention to education and the challenges it and we face today. In exploiting this new opportunity, we are now only crossing the starting line. We have a long way to go. Those of you here today-teachers, administrators, members of school boards, parents, and others-have fought many battles on behalf of education in our country. These battles have been long and hard. They've been won, not because of decisions made by a few people here in Washington, but because millions of people across this country cared enough to give of their time, to give of their energy, and to give of their spirit. That fight must go on, because what happens in American education affects the future of our country itself. Like it or not, it has been our fortune to live in a complex and rapidly changing time. If we are to master these times, we must face up to the challenges as they really are. We cannot afford to mislead ourselves. Today, let us dedicate ourselves to an educational system that encourages scientific curiosity, fosters artistic creativity, supports research, rewards good teaching, and honors intellectual accomplishment. By making this commitment, we pass on a tradition of educational excellence and equal opportunity which Americans of the next century will need to make their own contributions to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in our great country. It is now my pleasure to introduce the person who is doing such an excellent job for me and for education, the first Secretary of Education of the United States of America, Shirley Hufstedler. SECRETARY HUFSTEDLER. Hi, Amy, Mr. President, Mrs. Carter, Members of Congress, members of all of the Cabinet-level Departments and of the Department of Education's new family, and friends of education: It is a warm and hallowed tradition in American families to set another place at the table to welcome into the family circle an honored guest. Today, Mr. President, you act in that tradition by setting another place at the Cabinet table by welcoming education, the Nation's most important enterprise, to full Cabinet status. And today, it is my pleasure, on behalf of millions of students, teachers, parents, and friends of education, to say in return, thank you, Mr. President. Your persistence in advocating a new department and your success in achieving it will surely be remembered by Americans as signal achievements of your leadership. I believe that they will stand the test of time as key contributions to a more civilized society. In a few moments, Amy will unfurl the new flag of the Education Department. Amy, we chose you for one of many reasons, and you are a very special person to us this day. This great house, the home of America's first family, has known the laughter of many children of all ages. As we have watched you grow up here, you are a welcome reminder to us not only of those earlier White House children but of all the children in America. It is to those children, to their education, and to their 853 May 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 futures that the new Department is dedicated. So, we have asked you to stand in for them today and to unfurl the flag on their behalf. On that flag, as you will soon see, there is an oak tree, the living symbol of strength and of shelter. Beneath the tree is an acorn, which represents the seed of knowledge and the never-ending renewal of life and learning. In the background, you will see the Sun's rays, symbolic of the light of learning, as they illuminate a brilliant blue sky. We could, of course, easily have picked other symbols for education. With a concept of such power and subtlety, there are many, many possibilities. On the posters you will receive todayand you have smaller editions of the magnificent poster in back of me-we have Joseph Albers' painting "Glow," giving striking visual expression to the idea that learning never ends. It also suggests the diffusion of light and knowledge, a ripple effect that I hope will approximate the role of the new Department. So, the symbols of this flag and on our departmental seal-we did not have a lack of alternatives. We chose these symbols because of their own natural strength and simplicity and for the insights they offer into the role of education in this country. Thus, the acorn should serve as a reminder that education begins with the very youngest among us, with children. And perhaps the tree will remind us of the immense, unknowable potential that is locked within every child and remind us, too, that our responsibility as educators is to help each individual achieve the fullest possible expression of that potential. In the same way, I hope that the sight of this flag will recall to mind the gentle poetic lesson on natural limits that Joyce Kilmer taught many of us as children. It is a lesson with many applications in the adult world of education and of government. None of us can really educate a child any more than we can make a tree. A child's education is a natural process of growth and interaction, which begins at home first, with his family. As the process continues, the child moves out into the community, progressing from school to school, coming in contact with an everwidening circle of people and ideas. Each new experience builds on those that went before and lays foundations for those to come. The process continues long after school days are over. Learning truly never ends. Today we celebrate the beginning of a Department of Education that must find its own supportive role within the natural ongoing process of learning. In the Department, we are not only ready to begin, we are very anxious to do so. If you would like to have a symbol of our enthusiasm for the task, look at the exuberant rays of the Sun on our flag. Mr. President, we are determined to build a Department of Education of which you will be proud. It will be a department that strives unceasingly for the highest possible quality at every level of the educational process, a department that seeks out models of success and of excellence and holds them aloft for everyone to see. It will be a department that understands the 200-year success story of American education and knows that while Federal structures may come and go, the homes and communities of the Nation will continue to be the front line of education. It will be a department that sees its role as a helping, supportive friend of education, as a simplifier and streamliner of 854 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 7 regulations and paperwork, and not as the holder of an unlimited Federal purse and not as a power beyond the reach of local decisions. It will be a department responsive to all and owned by none, a department unequivocally committed to educational opportunity under the law, a department secure in the knowledge that the people, the parents, and the teachers of America are our most vital educational resources. It will be, in short, a new national voice for every person in this country who participates in or who cares about the whole process of learning. And that voice will not be silent. We will encourage our Federal citizens to ask themselves insistently, again and again, a question phrased by someone on this platform: "Why not the best?" In your proclamation marking this day, Mr. President, you take note of the deep and abiding faith that we Americans have always had in the power of education. Some would question that faith today. Some would consider it quaint and naive. But I would answer that there are far worse things to believe in, far worse enterprise in which to place our trust. Faith in education, after all, is faith in the power and integrity of ideas, faith in the value and majesty of human knowledge. And anyone who doubts these things has never seen the face of a child at that magic moment of discovery. The bright Sun on our flag is but a very pale reflection of the inner light that shines in that face. And now, ladies and gentlemen, let us have the pleasure of seeing Amy Carter unveil the flag for the Department. THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to ask all those who have ever been schoolteachers in your life to raise your hand. I think that's beautiful. And I'd also like for all those who will be serving the new Department of Education to either stand, if you're seated, or raise your hand, if you're already standing. Very fine. I particularly want to recognize the Members of Congress here. This bill would never have passed had it not been for Jack Brooks, Frank Thompson [Horton],1 Father Drinan, and others. Would you please stand and let the group recognize you. It's a wonderful day for our country. I'm particularly grateful that Shirley Hufstedler would take this position. She'll be an inspiration to all. I know she'll do a fine job for all Americans who look to her for leadership. Thank you. And now we have some beautiful singing next on our program. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:05 p.m. on the South Lawn of the White House. Department of Education Remarks at a Ceremony Marking the Inauguration of the Department. May 7, 1980 To have a successful event like this, it's very important that each person do the job assigned and that no one defaults on that commitment. Secretary Shirley Hufstedler said to me, "Mr. President, I will arrange a beautiful program. I'd like for you to be responsible for the weather, please." [Laughter] "And I particularly want you to get the program started on time." [Laughter] 2 1 White House correction. 2 Because of rain, the program could not be held on the South Lawn of the White House as planned. 855 May 7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 It's an exciting day for me and for all those who believe in better education for our country and realize what knowledge and education can mean to us. It's surprising-as I look back 352 years ago, I was writing an inaugural speech, and I read all the inaugural speeches that had been made by the 38 other Presidents who've served before me. The change that's attached to different aspects of American life in that time is remarkable. It would be unlikely now, if we were writing the original documents on which our Nation was founded, for us to emphasize so much one word: life and liberty, yes; but the pursuit of happiness-I'm not sure that we would attach that in our basic documents as one of the three most important commitments of the American people; maybe life, liberty, and a national energy policy, or-[laughter]-life and liberty and a comprehensive approach to better transportation in our urban centers-[laughter]-but life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness. I think it's a delightful thing for us to remember that this is what our Founding Fathers expected for us in this great country. George Washington, in the first State of the Union message ever given, said this about education: "Knowledge is, in every country, the surest basis for public happiness." And Thomas Jefferson spoke with equal force on the subject of education when he said, "No more sure foundation can be devised for the preservation of freedom and happiness." Both Washington, our first President, and Thomas Jefferson, who perhaps was the most intellectually gifted of all, recognized that education can mean happiness, not just to an individual but also to a nation. This evening we have a happy experi ence as we celebrate a milestone: the formation of the Department of Education. For the first time, education will be assigned the same stature, with a voice in the councils of our Government, as every other aspect of American life. This is the elevation, by the Congress and by the President, of education to the status that it has always enjoyed among American people. Education is not only the soundest foundation for economic and technological advancement but of democracy and the quality of life itself. No democratic society could possibly survive which did not permit its people to share broad commitments, a penetrating analysis of the past, knowledge of others around the Earth, common principles and goals and ideals and ethics, an analysis of problems that we face, and an intelligent analysis of a solution of those problems. There is no doubt that in this audience every single person could think back on one's educational experience from kindergarten, perhaps through college, and single out one-maybe more-teacher or person who has meant most in our own life in education. In some cases, the particular person just came along at the right time-perhaps when we were discouraged and didn't know what our life's meaning was or when we were faced with a crisis, were uncertain about the future, didn't get along with our peers, had lost a vision of what a human being could be-and provided an extra incentive, maybe based on love, maybe based on outstanding scholarship, maybe based on an admirable career, that inspired us at the right time to utilize the talent that might otherwise have gone wasted. Most often, the person would have been a professional teacher, but as you'll see this evening, 856 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 8 sometimes it could be someone else, not a teacher. Tonight we will celebrate achievement, not in my life or those in the audience, but among eminent people in this country, who will come to this stage, all of whom have excelled in their own special way, all of whom will have left their mark on our time. And tonight our purpose will be not to celebrate their achievement or their victory in life, but to acknowledge a special person who's helped them with this great achievement in their lives. Each distinguished American who will come to this stage will have been asked the same question: "Will you come to Washington and pay tribute to that one teacher or person who has most influenced your own life? Then each of these performers will introduce that person to us and tell us something about that strange interrelationship between two human beings that can transform a life for the better. Some of the teachers are here themselves to receive from their illustrious students and from the Nation, through this program, the recognition that they deserve and the gratitude which they deserve. But our goal is not just to honor these few chosen tonight but to honor all those like them throughout our country who are deserving of special recognition, at least by one person and quite often by dozens or even thousands more, who are quietly preparing our Nation for an even greater future. Teachers have a special place in life, particularly in a democratic life, where each human being is important, where the development of individual talents is the root of our strength and our future achievement as a nation. And as President, I want to add my voice, in advance, to congratulate those who have been chosen tonight by out standing Americans, who will bring us a delightful program. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 8:57 p.m. at Constitution Hall. Following the program, the President and Mrs. Carter hosted a reception on the State Floor at the White House. Fiscal Year 1981 Budget Statement on a Resolution Adopted by the House of Representatives. May 7,1980 I applaud the action of the House in adopting a first budget resolution that moves the fiscal year 1981 budget into balance. The House leadership and Budget Committee Chairman Bob Giaimo deserve particular thanks for their hard work on this difficult issue. While I would have preferred passage of the Obey amendment in order to provide needed transitional financial assistance to our urban areas, today's action by the House reflects support for the administration's determination to balance the budget. The House has joined solidly in our effort to lower the rate of inflation, strengthen the economy, and improve the well-being of all our people. I hope the Senate will exercise the same necessary restraint. Labor Council for Latin American Advancement Remarks at a White House Reception. May 8, 1980 It's always good for us to have guests come here to the White House, and particularly those among you who have made 857 May 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 such a tremendous contribution to the growing strength of our country. As you know, we are a nation that has the fourth largest population of Spanishspeaking people on Earth. And the strength that has been given to our country by some newcomers and some of the very first settlers of our Nation who speak Spanish is indeed inspirational to a President or anyone who lives in this house. It's also important to our Nation when working people organize for a better life, not only for Latin American advancement, as your Labor Council has done, but for the advancement of all Americans. We are now going through a transition phase, where a narrowly focused commitment for a small group of Americansrapidly growing, but small group-is being expended and expanded by you to cover the aspects of life for all Americans who live in our great country. Your leadership is an inspiration; it's been effective. And the opening up of a strong voice for the Spanish-speaking people of our country has indeed been impressed very vividly on the minds of all those who seek public office in our country. So, I want to extend to you una muy calurosa bienvenida [a very warm welcome]. As they say in all Spanish-speaking countries, this is your house; literally, it is a house that belongs to all Americans. And I'm very grateful that you've come here this afternoon. I'm deeply familiar with the problems that you face and the problems faced by others in minority groups who have suffered too long in this country from discrimination, the exclusion from full participation in the opportunities of American life. Your commitment to your own cause, the strength of your organization, the sacrificial service of many of your members, and the accuracy with which you express both the deprivations and the opportunities are transforming, quite rapidly, opportunities for those for whom you speak. The American labor movement is strong. Its strength is enhanced by you. And when we formed the labor accord, not only to deal with inflation from a wage settlement standpoint but to outline the principles on which our Government would deal with rapidly changing circumstances, your voice was and is and will be included to a major degree. Since LCLAA was established, I believe in 1973, you have grown by leaps and bounds; now organizations, I understand, in 22 different States. You've made great strides in voter registration. You've made great strides in employment opportunities. You've made great strides in getting out the vote on election day, and you've also made great strides in educating those who might go to the polls to shape the future policies of our Government. I've been very pleased that we fought together in protecting Davis-Bacon Acts and putting forward the concept of labor law reform. We have fought those battles together. Those victories which we have not yet won are still waiting for us to win, and we will not give up until the victories are complete. Yesterday we inaugurated, as you know, a new Department of Education. You helped with this effort. And when the Secretary of Education and my wife made one visit to a school together yesterday, they chose, not coincidentally, a school that specializes in bilingual education. The Secretary of Education speaks a little better Spanish than my wife. [Laughter] My wife speaks a lot better Spanish than I do. [Laughter] But the fact that all of us 858 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 8 are tempted to learn your and my language is significant, indeed, in the shape of American life in the years ahead. The preparation and training of young Americans to lead a productive life is a responsibility that you're carrying out very well. We've made good progress in this effort. We've increased Federal funding for education of the young, in just a short 3-year period, by more than 70 percent, largely to teach basic skills to those who have, in the past, lacked those skills and to provide opportunities for the attendance in college of students whose parents did not have that opportunity. We've tried to help young people get jobs, and we have opened up the opportunities not only to young people but to adults. There has been a tremendous benefit for Spanish-speaking Americans among the 9 million jobs that have been added to American society in the last 3 years. As a matter of fact, the rate of increase of employment among Spanish-speaking Americans has been twice that of average Americans, of the average of the whole population. A lot of that is not because of the extra-good job that you and I have done, but because we had so far to go at the beginning to correct longstanding discrimination. We're trying to break down not only the barriers of poverty and a lack of education but also the barriers of language. I think the new census effort has been shaped, to a major degree, by the concerns expressed by you to me through spokesmen who serve on a full-time basis in the White House. In the past, every 10 years we have not made an adequate attempt to count those families and those citizens in our country who happen to speak a language other than English. This year, primarily because of the emphasis by Spanish-speaking Americans, that discrimination has been eliminated for all those whose primary language is other than English. We have, also, an opportunity in the future to probe for better chances in housing, transportation, health, the alleviation of the afflictions of disabilities-physical disabilities, mental disabilities-for those who speak Spanish. Those who are fortunate enough to belong to a highly organized labor union, as are most of you, have a special privilege, yes; but also a special opportunity and responsibility to speak for those who've not yet been protected by a well-organized and highly motivated group. You've met this responsibility well, and I know you'll continue to do this in the future. All the progress that we have made in giving a better economic life to Americans has been threatened lately by the extremely high rate of inflation. Almost exactly 2 months ago, in this very room, I laid out for the Nation an anti-inflation program. We've had extraordinary progress since that time. Interest rates are now falling at the most rapid rate in the history of our country, and I have no doubt that in the next few weeks, perhaps in the summer, we'll have substantial evidence that the inflation rate is also dropping quite rapidly. This will help to rejuvenate the homebuilding industry and other industries so heavily dependent on loans for the financing of purchases and for the financing of inventories in small businesses, on the farms, and in construction. Our efforts have also been sharply focused on the major cause of inflation on a worldwide basis, and that is the excessive dependence on imported oil. This year we'll import about $90 billion worth 859 May.8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 of oil, equivalent to $400 for every man, woman, and child who lives in the United States. That's money we're sending overseas to foreign countries. And along with the oil, we import inflation and unemployment. And of course, this money could well be spent here to build schools, to build homes, to give us better health, better education, and to provide new jobs in industry. The last thing I'd like to say is this: We are trying to protect the most vulnerable, but we need to do everything we can to let those vulnerable people be able, in the future, to protect themselves. We want to eliminate dependence on the Government as much as possible among those who are mentally and physically able to support themselves; to let them be leaders in the future, not followers; to let them shape the policy of our country at the initiation of new programs, not try to repair damage when programs are ill advised and not shaped for their benefits in the initial stages. We need to continue with economic justice and also with social justice. And I think there is no doubt that the greater participation we have from the Latin American community, in its breadth and its great diversity, the better our Nation will be in the future. This is a nation of immigrants; this is a nation of refugees. We have a great additional strength, not a weakness, because we have close ties to families and friends, to history and to heritage, to customs and the language in other nations. There is not another nation on Earth which does not have representatives of it living in our country-a dynamic part of a strong united America. This is a source of great pride to me, and I know it's a source of great pride to you. We face difficult tasks in our country, difficult challenges, difficult problems. The unwarranted example of international terrorism in Iran, when innocent Americans have been captured and held imprisoned now for 6 months, is a travesty and a violation of international law and human decency. We cannot rest until all those Americans are restored to freedom and can come home to be with their own families. Along with all other Americans, I was sick in my heart that the rescue mission did not succeed. I'm proud that it was attempted, but I deeply regret its failure and the loss of life of eight heroic Americans. Friday we will have a ceremony for them at Arlington Cemetery, and I'll be joined with their families there. And I'll express, on behalf of the American people, my admiration for their bravery and my appreciation for their willingness to offer their lives for the principles on which our Nation was founded and for the freedom of their fellow Americans. My first responsibility as a President is to guarantee the security of our country. That security can only be guaranteed permanently if we are strong. We are the strongest nation on Earth, and we will remain the strongest nation on Earth. And that strength is derived from the commitment and the courage of individual American citizens, whose origins were from all nations on Earth, who have come here to combine our hearts and our lives in a commitment to not only strength militarily but economic and social strength, to justice, to human rights, and to freedom. We've got the greatest nation on Earth, and with your help and your common commitment, we will be even greater in the future. 860 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 8 Thank you for being here with me. God bless every one of you. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:35 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Department of State Remarks at the Swearing In of Edmund S. Muskie as Secretary. May 8, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. It's been a long time since I've seen this much excitement and happiness and gratitude in this room. And it's because, when our Nation is faced with difficult challenges and great opportunities down through history, we've always had a man to come on the scene at the right time. This afternoon Warren Christopher and I were sitting in the Oval Office going over this day's events. We were talking about the Soviets and their 85,000 troops in Afghanistan. We were talking about the hostages in Iran. We were talking about the would-be assassins who are now hiding in the Libyan Embassy and what to do about them. We were talking about the flood of people who are coming here from Cuba and from Haiti seeking freedom and a better life. We were talking about the sensitive United Nations Security Council vote this afternoon that Don McHenry was trying to handle under difficult circumstances. We just received a report from Sol Linowitz, who's coming back from the Mideast peace negotiations. I had just finished talking to Pierre Trudeau, the Prime Minister of Canada, about the maritime agreement and the fisheries agreement that Ed's going to now get through the Senate and have it ratified. [Laughter] We were discussing the situation with Argentina and other nations who may be tempted to sell additional grain to the Soviet Union to replace that that we are not going to sell. We were talking about the possibility or the difficulty of getting Latin American nations to join us in the Olympics boycott. We were talking about Belgium and the formation of a new government, and how the NATO countries are facing the difficult question of adhering to their commitment to go ahead with theater nuclear force. And Warren Christopher said, "Ed Muskie is the man, and today is the time." [Laughter] As all of you know from your own family history, this is a nation of immigrants. Ours is a nation of refugees. And the forging of that diversity in this country under freedom has been the source of our tremendous unswerving strength. Ours is a nation that doesn't just endure trials and testing. Ours is a nation that prevails, that triumphs over diversity, and which almost invariably benefits and makes progress when the world is faced with sometimes disconcerting and uncontrollable change. Ours is a nation that has been able to meet every test, no matter how difficult it might have been or how complex the circumstances, through unity and the courage of our people. And as much as anyone that I know, this national character of which we are all so proud is personified by Ed Muskie. He's a man with a long career of service, as Governor in the State of Maine, as a United States Senator representing his beloved State. He's a man of vision. He's a man of reason. He's a man of conscience. Because of his diverse background in politics, he's also a man of great sensi 861 May 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tivity and great knowledge about our Nation and our people. We are indeed fortunate to have Ed Muskie as our new Secretary of State. He is, in the finest sense of the word, a patriot who is committed to the preservation of our Nation's strength and the enhancement of peace throughout the world. I'm grateful, as President, to have him occupy the highest position in my Cabinet, and I know the entire Nation is grateful to him also, to have him assume this new step in a notable career of service to his country. We'll now witness the swearing in of Senator Ed Muskie as the new Secretary of State by Judge Coffin. [At this point, Chief Judge Frank M. Coffin of the First Circuit administered the oath of office.] SECRETARY MUSKIE. Thank you very much. Thank you, Mr. President. I neglected to do so the other day. I was not sure it was appropriate. [Laughter] I am now certain. You ought to get the significance of Frank Coffin performing the ceremony. Frank Coffin talked me into something I wasn't sure I wanted to do in 1954 when he persuaded me to run for the office of Governor of Maine. It seemed a hopeless challenge. No one had any idea I could win, but I did. And so, the appropriateness of recalling that history seemed almost unavoidable here today. With respect to the assignment which the President has given me, I am grateful for it in a personal sense, because I find, as I look back upon the years I have been in politics, I've found that growth has come under the pressure of the greatest challenges, and I can't imagine a greater one available to me at this time than the challenge that the President has placed in my hands. Oh, I could deal with it facetiously. I'm not sure I'm comfortable that you and I will be making mistakes together, Mr. President. [Laughter] And then it's sort of conventional for Members of the Senate and the House, when they speak of foreign policy, to say that they wish they could be in on the takeoffs as well as the landings. [Laughter] I'm not really sure that they believe that. [Laughter] But in any case, I now will be, and I hope the landings are comfortable. If there is a resource which I bring to this office and to this challenge, it is the great good will which, to me, I so unexpectedly have been accorded in my beloved Senate, in the Congress as a whole, and throughout the country. I'm not entirely sure why, and I'm not inclined to inquire too closely. But at least I have it. And I can't think of anything better than that kind of backup to face the day-to-day challenges that I will face and that I will be asked to resolve. If there is another resource which I bring to this office, it is that my father, who came to this country at the turn of the century, taught me to believe in it and what it represents and the hope it holds out for people all around this planet. I've never lost that faith, which he carried to his grave, incidentally, a year after I had been elected Governor of my State. And I can't imagine a man whose dreams could have been fulfilled more effectively. And so, I bring that, too. I bring with me also, as I reminded my colleagues in the Senate yesterday, the kind of testing which a man's ideas and proposals and policies must meet in a body like the Senate of the United States and in an institution like the Congress of the United States. I've served there 22 years, and if I have been accorded this good 862 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 8 will-and I have-it is because I have had to earn it. I'm just surprised that I have. But in any case, when one considers the qualifications one ought to bring to the office of Secretary of State and one thinks of the challenge of articulating our people's hopes, our country's policies to set our direction, surely that's an important qualification. Whether I have ityou will test me in the months ahead. The second is the quality of accommodating ideas. The one great shortcoming that I find in our political system today is bound up in one word that we lawyers use more than anyone else, and that is the word "comity," the ability to understand the other fellow's point of view and the ability to convey one's own point of view, understanding that one man's freedom ends where another man's rights begin. And it is that kind of comity between the elements of our political institutions, between the governors and the governed, between the public sector and the private sector, that has made this system workable for all these years. All of you know that I'm not an expert in foreign policy, but if foreign policy means the relationships between governments and countries and peoples which must be adjusted in some fashion to minimize the prospect for violence and maximize the prospects for peace, that kind of exposure has been my life. I may not knoxv all the techniques, but I'll learn them. I may not know all of the diplomacy, and I'm not sure that I want to. [Laughter] But I have learned this above all in my life as a Senator and as a politician: If you believe in something, speak up. And that I intend to do. And as I learned in that great campaign with Hubert Humphrey, if you don't like what I say, you will find ways to let me know. [Laughter] But if you believe in what I say, and I have said it clearly, you will give me and the President and our administration support. And that's the way it's got to be. But there's got to be clarity; there's got to be certainty; there's got to be a clear sense of direction; there's got to be a sharing of values; and there's got to be an understanding that if one is to accommodate one's views to the world in which we live, there must be trade-offs, there must be a balancing of interests. No one on this planet can have his or her way all the time, and that's the nature of the legislative process. Well, I'm threatening, Mr. President, to mount a filibuster, and perhaps that's one Nay to delay my exposure to the problems which we have. [Laughter] But if you think that your list of problems was formidable, you ought to listen to Bob Byrd when he has a leadership meeting in the Senate. [Laughter] And one of the things that makes your list of problems attractive to me is the knowledge that I've left a very unpleasant list of problems behind me in the Senate. [Laughter] So with that, may I, through you and the media, express my deep gratitude, for myself and my family, for this great opportunity that you're giving us. No opportunity has ever been greater than that of service. The first speech I made, in 1954, in the campaign undertaken to build a competitve Democratic Party and hopefully to win an election, I said this: that the success of a political party is not an end in itself, it is simply a means of service, to our State and to our country. And I say the same about this kind of an appointment. I'm going to relish it, not because it's going to be fun, but because 863 May 8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 it's going to be stimulating and potentially productive of good fruit for all of us. And may I close with just this last word. 1 enter upon this challenge with hope and optimism. Thank you all and God bless you. We have now created a triumvirate. We've brought the Good Lord in on it. THE PRESIDENT. Ed and Jane will be outside, and they'd like very much to let you know how much they appreciate your being here. Thank you. NOTE: The President spoke at 7:11 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. American Servicemen Killed in Iran Eulogy at the National Memorial Service. May 9, 1980 It's difficult not to say "amen." We come here today to honor eight courageous men and to share in some small way the burden of the grief of their loved ones. When I approached the meeting, shortly before this ceremony began, with the families of those who have lost their lives, I did it with some degree of concern and trepidation. But as I approached them, every one, and we put our arms around each other, invariably they said, "God bless you, Mr. President. We are proud, Mr. President," and either Richard or Harold or Lynn or Charles or Joel or John or Dewey or George were "honored to serve their country." But even for those of us who know that God has a purpose for each human life, it's hard to accept the loss of these brave young men in the very peak of their life and their career. Yet we know that it is not the length of a life that determines its impact or its meaning or its quality, but the depth of its commitment and the height of its purpose. They came from California, Connecticut, Tennessee, Arkansas, Florida, Virginia; two were Georgians, from Dublin and Valdosta. They did not ask for recognition. They only asked for an opportunity to serve, often at a sacrifice and under very difficult conditions, far from the people they loved and often very distant from the very civilization which they were sworn and committed to protect. They chose a life of military service at a time when it offered very little glory in their land, when their award had to come from knowing that they had done a necessary and a dangerous job and done it well. They volunteered for this mission knowing its importance, and they also knew its risks. They did so not because they cared too little for life-they wanted to live it out to a full old age-but they did it because they cared so much for the lives of our hostages and for the right of our people to enjoy the freedom for which this Nation was formed. It's fitting that we should remember them here in this place where Americans have long paid tribute to those who died for our country-those who were known and honored, those who were unknown; those who lie in unmarked graves, even across the sea, and those who are buried here. This very land once belonged to General Robert E. Lee. Like these eight men, he was a soldier whose affection for his home and family called him to a life of service that often meant hardship, loneliness, and long separation from those he loved and even from the Nation which he most loved. 864 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 Robert E. Lee lived by the words that he wrote to his own son: "Duty is the sublimest word in our langauge. Do your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less." The airmen and marines we are honoring today demonstrated by their lives and finally by their- deaths that they understood and subscribed to that austere and honorable creed. The strength of our Nation has always lain in the ability of individual Americans to do what we must, each of us, each day, whatever our particular duty is. For the men we honor today, duty required both daring and quiet courage. They were willing to face the relentless desert and the angry mobs, if necessary, to free fellow Americans who can be accused of doing nothing more than their own duty in a hostile place. We stand here today, surrounded by the graves of succeeding generations of Americans who performed their duty in the unending struggle to preserve our peace and our freedom. Like those who've gone before, these young men died to keep that ancient dream of human liberty alive. If we are to honor our dead, we must do it with our own lives. We must defend that same dream with all the strength and all the wisdom and all the courage that we can muster. I speak for all Americans when I say to those who anonymously risk their lives each day to keep the peace and to maintain our military strength, and to the loved ones of those who died on the Iranian desert: Your risk, your suffering, your loss, are not in vain. I fervently pray that those who are still held hostage will be freed without more bloodshed, that all those who would use terror to impel in nocent people will see the cruel futility of their criminal acts. To the families of the eight who died and to those who were injured, I extend the heartfelt sympathy of a proud and a grateful nation. Every American feels your loss. Every American shares your rightful pride in the valor and the dedication to duty of those who died in that dark desert night. Of such men as yours was our beloved country made, and of them is our beloved country preserved in freedom. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:59 a.m. in the Memorial Amphitheater at Arlington National Cemetery. Food Aid Convention, 1980 Message to the Senate Transmitting the Convention. May 9, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for Senate advice and consent to ratification, the Food Aid Convention, 1980, adopted by a conference of Governments at London on March 6, 1980, and open for signature in Washington from March 1 1 through April 30, 1980. The report of the Department of State is enclosed for the information of the Senate in connection with its consideration of the Convention. The Convention replaces the Food Aid Convention, 1971, and together with the Wheat Trade Convention, 1971, constitutes the International Wheat Agreement. The new Convention commits an increased number of members to provide greater minimum annual quantities of food aid to developing countries. The United States commitment is 4,470,000 metric tons, as compared wvith a commitment of 1,890,000 metric tons under the 865 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 1971 Convention. Either amount is well within the limits provided for by the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, P.L. 480, at least through FY 1980. Implementing legislation is therefore unnecessary unless the FY 1981 P.L. 480 budget proves insufficient. The Convention also provides for the consideration of increased food aid during a period of production shortfall in developing countries. However, increased food aid contributions by members would be voluntary, not mandatory. The Convention will enter into force on July 1, 1980, if by June 30, 1980, the 11 members referred to in Article III have accepted it in accordance with its terms. It will remain in force for one year, provided that the Wheat Trade Convention, 1971, or a new convention replacing it, remains in force for that period. If the Wheat Trade Convention is extended, this Convention may be similarly extended. I hope that the Senate will give early and favorable consideration to the Food Aid Convention, 1980, so that ratification by the United States can be effected at an early date. Doing so will demonstrate our continued commitment to providing food aid to needy developing nations. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 9, 1980. United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Nomination of George William Ashworth To Be an Assistant Director. May 9, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate George William Ashworth, of Oakton, Va., to be an Assistant Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA). He would replace Barry Blechman, resigned. Ashworth has been Counselor and Chairman of the External Research Council at ACDA since 1979. He was born March 28, 1938, in Washington, D.C. He received a B.A. from Washington and Lee University in 1960. From 1963 to 1967, Ashworth was with the Richmond Times-Dispatch as a reporter and copy editor. He was defense correspondent for the Christian Science Monitor from 1967 to 1972 and in 1969 was chief of their Saigon bureau. From 1972 to 1979, Ashworth was on the staff of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee. United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Nomination of Helen Wilson Nies To Be an Associate Judge. May 9, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Helen Wilson Nies, of Washington, D.C., to be an Associate Judge of the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. She would replace the late Donald E. Lane. Nies has been with the Washington firm of Howrey & Simon since 1978. She was born August 7, 1925, in Birmingham, Ala. She received a B.A. (1946) and LL.B. (1948) from the University of Michigan. From 1948 to 1951, she was with the Justice Department, and in 1951 she was with the Office of Price Stabilization. From 1961 to 1978, she was with the firm of Woodson, Pattishall & Garner. 866 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material Message to the Senate Transmitting the Convention. May 9,1980 To the Senate of the United States: I submit herewith, for Senate advice and consent to ratification, the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. This Convention was adopted at a Vienna meeting of government representatives on October 26, 1979, and was signed by the United States on March 3, 1980. The Convention establishes an international framework for improving the physical protection of nuclear material during international transport as well as for international cooperation in recovering stolen nuclear material and in responding to serious offenses involving nuclear material. The United States has been a leader in the international campaign to prevent the proliferation of nuclear explosive devices. The Congress and I have cooperated in enacting the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 to strengthen this critically important effort. The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material was a United States initiative called for by that Act. It complements our non-proliferation efforts by dealing with threats to nuclear material that may arise from terrorist groups. This is a gap in the current international structure, and I urge the Senate to act expeditiously in giving its advice and consent to ratification. I also transmit herewith, for the information of the Senate, the report of the Department of State concerning the Convention. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 9, 1980. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Address Before the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia. May 9, 1980 Chairman Yarnall and President Bodine, Members of Congress, ladies and gentlemen: I'm indeed grateful and pleased to be here with you today. I want to thank the Navy Band for the music. When John Kennedy was asked what his favorite musical composition was, he said, "Well, I think 'Hail to the Chief' is right up near the top." [Laughter] As has just been said, it is appropriate for Philadelphia to be the city of a discussion like this, of the foreign policy of our Nation by the President of our country, because you are the city where our Nation was born. The past is with us very vividly here, and to discuss the future of our foreign policy is indeed appropriate. It's also a special pleasure for me to appear before the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia. I know the good work you have done to help make Philadelphia truly an international city and to fulfill the motto of your organization: "In a democracy, agreement is not essential; participation is." I would add that informed understanding is also essential, and I would also add that agreement is very pleasant when it occurs. For the past 6 months, all of our policies abroad have been conducted in the glare of two crises: the holding of American hostages in Iran and the brutal invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. In meeting these crises our tactics must change with changing circumstances. But our goals will not change and have not wavered. We will not rest until our fellow Americans held captive in Iran-against every 867 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tenet of law and decency-are safe and home free. Along with other nations who have condemned Soviet aggression, we will continue to impose economic and political costs on the Soviet Union until it withdraws its armed forces and restores the independence of Afghanistan. These two crises underline the reality that our world is indeed a dangerous place, but what I want to emphasize today is that amid the crises of the moment, no matter how profoundly significant they are, the fundamentals of American foreign policy are being carried forward with consistency, with strength, and with determination. The central reality that confronts America today is that of a complex world, a world that is turbulent because it is politically awakened in its entire breadth for the first time in its collective history. Our world is one of conflicting hopes, ideologies, and powers. It's a revolutionary world which requires confident, stable, and powerful American leadershipand that's what it is getting and that's what it will continue to get-to shift the trend of history away from the specter of fragmentation and toward the promise of genuinely global cooperation and peace. So, we must strive in our foreign policy to blend commitment to high ideals with a sober calculation of our own national interests. Unchanging American ideals are relevant to this troubling area of foreign policy and to this troubled era in which we live. Our society has always stood for political freedom. We have always fought for social justice, and we have always recognized the necessity for pluralism. Those values of ours have a real meaning, not just in the past, 200 years ago or 20 years ago, but now, in a world that is no longer dominated by colonial empires and that demands a more equitable distribution of political and economic power. But in this age of revolutionary change, the opportunities for violence and for conflict have also grown. American power must be strong enough to deal with that danger and to promote our ideals and to defend our national interests. That's why the foreign policy which we've shaped over the last 3 years must be based simultaneously on the primacy of certain basic moral principles-principles founded on the enhancement of human rights-and on the preservation of an American military strength that is second to none. This fusion of principle and power is the only way to ensure global stability and peace while we accommodate to the inevitable and necessary reality of global change and progress. The complexity of interrelated and sometimes disturbing events and circumstances requires that we in America increase the degree of public understanding of our foreign policy and public support for it. It is extremely complicated. It is rapidly changing in its tactical confrontations on a day-by-day basis, and the degree in a democracy with which Americans do understand these complex issues is a prerequisite for success. Foreign policy no longer has a single or a simple focus, such as defeating Nazi aggression or repelling a monolithic Stalinist threat. Instead, Americans must be mature enough to recognize that we need to be strong and we need to be accommodating at the same time. We need to protect our own interests vigorously while finding honorable ways to accommodate those new claimants to economic and political power which they have not had in the past. 868 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 There are two obvious preconditions for an effective American foreign policy: a strong national economy and a strong national defense. That's why I placed the highest priority on the development of a national energy policy, which our country has never had. That's why we must win the struggle against inflation-and I've been very pleased lately at the trend in interest rates and the good news we had this morning on the Producer Price Index. The Congress and I are moving resolutely toward this goal; in fact, every single American is involved. This common effort to deal with a worldwide economic challenge does require some sacrifice, and I'm determined that the sacrifice will be fairly shared. The response of our democracy to economic challenges will determine whether we will be able to manage the challenge of other global responsibilities in the 1980's and beyond. If we cannot meet these international economic problems successfully, then our ability to meet military and political and diplomatic challenges will be doubtful indeed. Although it will not be easy, the innate advantages of our Nation's natural bounty which God has given us and the common commitment of a free people who comprise American society give us the assurance of success. We must also be militarily strong. The fact is that for 15 years the Soviet Union has been expanding its military capabilities far out of proportion to its needs for defense-a 4- or 5-percent real growth above the inflation rate compounded annually for 15 years has caused us some concern. For much of this same period, our spending for defense had been going down. If these adverse trends had continued, we would have found ourselves facing a severe military imbalance, an im balance all the more threatening because of mounting global turbulence. That's why I have launched a broad modernization of our strategic and conventional forces and worked to strengthen our alliances. We and our allies have pledged ourselves to sustained, real annual increases in our defense spending. Our task is to build together a truly cooperative global community, to compose a kind of global mosaic which embraces the wealth and diversity of the Earth's peoples, cultures, and religions. This will not be an easy task. The philosophical basis of such a community must be respect for human rights as well as respect for the independence of nations. In promoting that prospect for a future of peace, we will stay on the steady course to which we've been committed now for the last 3'/2 years. We pursue five major objectives: first, to enhance not only economic but also political solidarity among the industrialized democracies; second, to establish a genuinely cooperative relationship with the nations of the Third World; third, to persevere in our efforts for peace in the Middle East and in other troubled areas of the world; fourth, to defend our strategic interests, especially those which are now threatened in Southwest Asia; and fifth, to advance arms control, especially through agreed strategic arms limitations with the Soviet Union, and to maintain along with this a firm and a balanced relationship with the Soviets. Our first objective, solidarity with our allies, is the touchstone of our foreign policy. Without such solidarity, the world economy and international politics may well degenerate into disorder. This is why we've led the North Atlantic Alliance in its program to upgrade its conventional forces. And last winter, in an historic decision, NATO agreed to strengthen its 869 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 nuclear missiles in Europe in order to respond to a very disturbing Soviet missile buildup there. Next month the seven leading industrial democracies will hold a summit meeting in Venice. I look forward to being there with the other six leaders of our most important allies. It's our collective intention not only to make the summit another milestone for global economic cooperation but also to advance our political and our strategic solidarity. Second, we will persevere in our efforts to widen the scope of our cooperation with the newly awakened nations of the Third World. By the end of this century, 85 percent of the world's population will be living in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. In the last several years, through the Panama Canal treaties, through our commitment to majority rule in Africa, and through normalization of relationships with China, we have vastly improved the relationship of the United States with these regions. We can be proud of our accomplishments in building strong new bridges to the developing world. The United States respects the desire of the developing nations for genuine nonalignment, and we respect the nonaligned movement as the expression of that desire. Nations which value their own independence are already resisting efforts to subvert the nonaligned movement and make it a tool of Soviet foreign policy. Last year's meeting in Havana was a notable example of Soviet failure, through their puppet Castro regime, to convince the other nonaligned countries to be subservient to the Soviets. The United States is eager to work with countries who pride themselves on their independence for the resolution of conflicts and for the promotion of greater global social justice. Third, we'll continue to work for peace in the Middle East. Such peace is essential to all parties concerned. Israel deserves peace, and Israel needs peace for its long-term survival. The Arab nations require peace in order to satisfy the legitimate rights of the Palestinians and to ensure that their own social development can move forward without disruption and without foreign intrusion. The West, including the United States, must have peace in the Middle East or run grave risks that the radicalization of that area will draw outsiders into its explosive conflicts. The Camp David process has already led to the first peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state. Of course, Egypt is the largest and the most important and the strongest Arab state. We are determined to reach a comprehensive settlement, and we will not be diverted from that goal. Sol Linowitz, our negotiator, is just now returning from the Middle East. And I will be meeting with him this weekend to get a full report from him on progress made and to determine the steps that our country will take in the coming weeks to bring a successful conclusion to this very difficult effort. As we continue our efforts in the Middle East, I take pride as well in the contributions that we have also made in other areas, such as the Panama Canal Treaty already mentioned and the achievement of peace and majority rule in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe. These are major accomplishments, not only of benefit to the people directly involved but to our national interest as well. And it may very well be that in retrospect in years ahead, looking back on this administration and this time, that those particular efforts, making new friends among literally billions of people, as in China and Africa, this will be rec 870 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 ognized as the most important achievement of our time. And fourth, and very important: The West must defend its strategic interests wherever they are threatened. Since 1945 the United States has been committed to the defense of our hemisphere and of Western Europe, and then later of the Far East, notably Japan and Korea. These commitments for a common defense are very valuable to the people involved ini those other areas, and of course they are extremely valuable to us as well. In recent years it's become increasingly evident that the well-being of those vital regions and our own country depend on the peace, stability, and independence of the Middle East and the Persian Gulf area. Yet both the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the pervasive and progressive political disintegration of Iran put the security of that region in grave jeopardy. I want to reemphasize what I said in my State of the Union Address on January 23d, and I quote: "Let our position be absolutely clear: An attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and such an assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force." Peace is what we want. Peace is what we have maintained. Peace is a prerequisite to progress. Peace is a policy of our country. The maintenance of peace must be predicated on adequate American strength and a recognition of that strength, not only by our own people and our allies but by our potential adversaries as well. We have been provoked in the last few months. Every action has been designed to take advantage not of our military force, which is formidable and unequaled, but on the benefits of the use of our alliances and on economic, political, and diplomatic efforts. The steps that we are taking on our own, and with the cooperation of others, involve complicated measures, considerable expense, and a careful balance between the collective security needs of the region involved and its political realities. These political realities, again, are difficult to understand, extremely complex, and in every instance rapidly changing. We are making good progress. We must, and we will, make more progress. The necessity of common action in the Southwest Asian region is dictated not by any belligerence on the part of peaceloving nations, but by the clear strategic threat that stems from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. A failure to respond convincingly to that contemptuous act of aggression would only invite its repetition. Beyond the violence done to Afghanistan's independence and its people, the Red Army troops consolidating their hold there are also taking positions from which Soviet imperialism could be extended more deeply and more dangerously in the politics of this vital area. Afghanistan had long been a buffer against outsiders seeking to dominate that region. Any quick examination of a map will convince you of the truth of that statement. That is the historic role to which Afghanistan must be restored. Soviet success in their invasion of Afghanistan, even at the high cost in blood and the high cost in respectability which Moscow is now paying, could turn Afghanistan from a roadblock against aggression into a launching pad for future incursions. This would threaten Pakistan and Iran, but not just those nations alone. 871 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Soviet aggression in Afghanistan, unless checked, confronts all the world with the most serious, long-term strategic challenge since the cold war began. To underestimate the magnitude of that challenge would constitute an historic error, an error with probably historic consequences. America's position is clear. It is consistent, as well, with the interests and with the commitment of our allies, whose wellbeing, along with our own, is intimately tied to the security and the independence of this strategically vital region. We must therefore work together in meeting the challenge which we face in common. Our goal is the withdrawal of Soviet occupying troops, the neutrality or nonalignment of Afghanistan as a nation, and the encouragement of the formation there of a government acceptable to the Afghan people. Those goals and commitments are clear, they are simple, they're extremely important, and they are shared with almost every other people on Earth. Within this region itself the nations must also realize that our desires match theirsto cooperate in the preservation of the region's independence, stability, and peace. Fifth, this administration has been and remains committed to arms control, especially to strategic arms limitations, and to maintain a firm and balanced relationship with the Soviet Union. Our resolve to pursue this goal remains as strong as ever. Early this morning I had breakfast with the new Secretary of State, Ed Muskie, and with my other close foreign affairs and defense advisers. We expect later on this coming week that Ed Muskie will meet with the Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union. They will be discussing these issues, again, in a clear, consistent, forceful, proper, balanced way. One state ment that we will make very clearly is that arms control and strategic arms limitation is of crucial importance to the United States, to the people of the Soviet Union, and to all other people on Earth. The SALT II agreement is a major accomplishment of my administration. It contributes directly to the security of the United States, and we intend to abide by the treaty's terms as long as the Soviet Union, as observed by us, complies with those terms as well. Of course, we will seek its ratification at the earliest opportune time. The time is also fast approaching when we must think beyond SALT II, to negotiating wider and more comprehensive arrangements dealing both with additional categories of strategic nuclear weapons and with weapons of less than intercontinental capability. If the decade of the 1980's is not to become the decade of violence, we must make renewed efforts to stabilize the arms competition and to widen the scope of arms control arrangements. After close consultation with our allies and with the Soviet Union we intend to pursue these expanded efforts to control weapons of all kinds. Detente with the Soviets remains our goal, but detente must be built on a firm foundation of deterrence. The Soviets must understand that they cannot recklessly threaten world peace. They cannot commit aggression, and they, in doing that, must realize that they cannot still enjoy the benefits of cooperation with the West, and specifically with us. They must understand that their invasion of Afghanistan has had a profound adverse effect on American public attitudes toward the Soviet Union. We represent a strong but peaceful nation, and there can be no business as usual 872 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 in the face of aggession. The Soviets will not succeed in their constant efforts to divide the Alliance in Europe or to lull us into a false belief that somehow Europe can be an island of detente while aggression is carried out elsewhere. But let me be equally clear that the way to improved relations is open if the Soviets alter their conduct. That is the path we prefer. Together these five objectives that I have outlined are the compass points that guide America's course in this world of change and challenge. They link our specific actions to each other, to the past, and to the future. Our foreign policy is designed to be responsive to the revolutionary age in which we live. To be effective it must have the wise understanding and the wide support of the American people. That depends on public realization that foreign policy is not a matter of instant success. We must expect prolonged management of seemingly intractable situations and often contradictory realities. To play our historic role of protecting our interests and at the same time preserving the peace, the United States must be steady and constant. Our commitment to American ideals must be unchanging, and our power must be adequate and credible. While we seek to attain our broad ultimate objectives, we must never lose sight of immediate human suffering. We've not forgotten and we will not forget the 53 Americans imprisoned in Iran. Our Nation places a great value on human life and on human freedom. We will continue to make every effort, using peaceful means if possible, and through collective action with our allies, to obtain the release of our countrymen. And we will remind the Iranian leaders that the integrity and the independence of their own country can onlyc suffer from this policy of theirs that led to international isolation and also internal disintegration. We have no permanent quarrel with the Iranian people. We wish to fashion a relationship of dignity with them, once this illegal action has been put behind us. Our Nation has continued to act responsibly and in good faith toward both the people and the leaders of Iran. Our rescue attempt was a mission of mercy, not a military attack. No Iranian was killed or harmed in any way. Its only aim was to rescue innocent victims of terrorist exploitation. I regret only that it did not succeed and that eight gallant young men died in the accident as the rescue team was leaving its desert rendezvous. This morning I participated in a memorial service for those eight young men. And before the service I met individually with every family involved. As I approached them I had some trepidation, but in every instance they reached their arms out for me, and we embraced each other, and I could tell that their concern was about me, not about them. And they made comments to me, "God bless you, Mr. President. We are praying for you, Mr. President. And we are proud of our son or our husband, who was willing to give his life for our country and for freedom." Our commitment to a world that represents human rights has been heard by all people, by free people and also by those who do not know the meaning of freedom. The eagerness of large numbers of Cubans, for instance, to flee their own country is eloquent testimony to the failure of the totalitarian Castro regime. We must ensure that the Cubans who arrive in the United States and the Haitians who arrive in the United States will be treated 873 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 with all the humanity and the compassion which we've extended to other groups and which we extend to each other. Every family, probably, in this room which came to our country came here as immigrants, sometimes as refugees, and we should not be callous to those who come in our present day and age under the same or even more difficult circumstances. In order to bring an end to the suffering and the death on the high seas and to permit us to best allocate scarce Federal resources, the process of bringing in these refugees must be orderly, and it must be in accordance with our laws. We're working vigorously, yesterday and today, with 16 nations and with international organizations, at a conference on refugees in Costa Rica, to develop alternatives that will permit safe and orderly evacuation of the Cubans who are seeking to leave. For ourselves, we will give highest priority to family reunification, and we prefer, of course, prescreening in Cuba or in a third country, such as Costa Rica. Let me emphasize again that we treat those seeking asylum and those who are refugees from Cuba, from Haiti, and from other countries, equally, on a case-by-case basis as is required by American law. And finally I'd like to say to you that America's foreign policy must always reflect the kind of people we are. We are a strong people, we are a caring people. We care about human rights, we care about decent living standards, we care about the independence of nations, and we care about the rights of individual human beings. We have a sober, responsible recognition that American power is especially important in a turbulent world where others depend upon us for their safety and for their freedom. Our interests and our ideals serve each other. Our power must be used in the service of both-interest and ideals. The course I have mapped to you today in this brief outline form is neither simple nor easy, but it's a sound course, it's a safe course, which we must pursue. Our foreign policy deserves your understanding and your support, not only for our Nation's own security but in order that people everywhere can be certain of America's commitment to use its vast power with a clear, firm, steady purposeto seek for all humankind what we have: a future of progress, of freedom, and of peace. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 1:02 p.m. in the Grand Ballroom at the Fairmont Hotel. In his opening remarks, the President referred to D. Robert Yarnall, Jr., chairman of the board of directors, and William W. Bodine, Jr., president, World Affairs Council of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session at a Townhall Meeting at Temple University. May 9, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Mayor Bill Green, President Wachman, Members of Congress, ladies and gentlemen who have come here for what I hope and believe will be an exciting session: I want to say first of all that you've got a dynamic and aggressive and courageous young and new mayor who is doing the courageous thing under difficult circumstances. He is having to face the difficult issues that fall on the shoulders of a chief executive, and I'm reminded, flying over here with some of your own congressional delegation this morning, that they and I and your mayor all share a great common 874 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 responsibility and a partnership, because we represent the same people, and those people are you. Coming here today reminded me of the great history of Philadelphia-also the great friendship which you extend to visitors ever since I was a midshipman at the Naval Academy, and later as a young ensign, then as a candidate in 1976, and coming back here-a beautiful city, dynamic, aggressive, confident about the future. And I'm extremely thankful that on my first outing in a number of months I was able to make a visit to cover three basic points, all relating to our Nation's security-international security, energy security, and economic security. ADMINISTRATION POLICIES Not too long ago downtown I spoke about our international security, how America's foreign policy must be tied in with ancient and unchanging principles of decency and honesty and strength and regard for human and basic rights, and also on an ability to accommodate rapidly changing circumstances in a very complex world. We are doing that well under difficult circumstances. Lately we've been preoccupied with the unwarranted Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the inhuman holding of 53 Americans captive by international terrorists in Iran. We will never rest until our 53 hostages are free and at home where they belong and we can show them how much we love them. And we are a nation committed to strength so that we can maintain the peace. The second thing that I would like to mention is energy security. In 1973 we were shocked in this country when the OPEC oil cartel proved that they could raise prices 300 percent overnight and declare an embargo to keep us from buying adequate oil to keep our Nation going. When I became President, it was a burning issue. And a lot of experts told me the American people will never realize that we are importing too much oil and they will never cut back their rapid increase in the use and, sometimes, waste of oil and gasoline. That has not been the case. We now have almost completed a comprehensive national energy policy. Last year, we used 5 percent less oil than we had the year before, and so far this year, we have imported 1 million barrels of oil less every day than we did the same time a year ago. So, we are making good progress on energy security as well. And the last thing I want to mention is economic security. We have really been afflicted in recent months, along with almost every other nation on Earth, with extraordinary, high inflation rates and high interest rates brought about primarily because of a 150-percent increase in the price of oil in a 16-month period. Two months ago-almost exactly-I announced an anti-inflation program to restrain consumer spending to some degree and to exercise discipline at the Federal Government level. We are already beginning to see some results of that effort. Interest rates are dropping more rapidly than they ever have in the history of our country. I noticed that the largest savings and loan association in our Nation, in California, dropped its mortgage interest rates between 4 and 5 percent in 1 day this week. And now those mortgage rates are going down. We had good news this morning, as you know, on the Producer Price Indexthe Wholesale Price Index, and that will 875 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 take away the biggest obstacle to jobs and employment and ending of the recession than anything we could possibly do. So, we're making good progress also, not only on the international security front, the energy security front, but also on the economic front. And if we can be resolved and unified and courageous and recognize frankly that there are no easy or simple answers and that America has never failed-never failed to overcome an obstacle, to solve a problem, to answer a question in our history, then I have no doubt that we will solve these problems in the future. We're not the only ones who recognize that. Almost everyone in this audience is a descendant of or an actual immigrant to this country. We're a nation of immigrants; we're a nation of refugees. And as our ancestors came here, they came because of an intense love of this countrywhat it is, what it stands for, what it can be in the future. We are more different, one from another, than are the inhabitants of any other country on Earth about which I know. But those differences have been preserved. We cherish them. We believe that those ties to foreign countries, different ethnic background, historical background, language backgrounds, don't make us weak; they make us strong. And the beautiful picture that is our country, made up of different people, is what still attracts refugees to our shores, to have an America that we can love-and we doand to have an America with a bright future, which we will have if we are unified and courageous, which we have always been. If any other community in this country proves it, it's yours. And I'm thankful to be in Philadelphia. I'm now looking forward to answering the questions from the audience. QUESTIONS FORMULATION OF FOREIGN POLICY Q. Mr. PresidentTHE PRESIDENT. Yes. Q. My name is Geoff Berman, and I'd like to ask a question. It has been reported that Secretary of State Vance resigned not only because of the aborted Iranian rescue mission but also because of a more fundamental conflict with your administration; namely that he viewed National Security Adviser Dr. Brzezinski as exercising too much influence within the foreign policymaking process of your administration, to the exclusion of the State Department. Would you comment on this and clarify what you believe to be the role of each in the process? And might the balance change with the introduction of Muskie? THE PRESIDENT. Okay. There is one person in this Nation who's responsible for the establishment of and the carrying out of American foreign policy, and that's the President of the United States. It's not the National Security Adviser; it's not even the Secretary of State. Almost all of the policies that we have evolved in the last 3V/2 years-and they've been good, sound, consistent policies-have been evolved through a practically unanimous consensus involving myself, the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the National Security Adviser, and sometimes a few other advisers on energy matters and finance matters from the Department of Energy or the Secretary of Treasury. There have been no basic disagreements with foreign policy between Vance and me or between Vance and Brzezinski. Brzezinski is a Polish American-so is Ed Muskie, by the way. And I think it's 876 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 inevitable that someone like Brzezinski is-he's kind of feisty, he's aggressive, he's innovative, he puts forth bright ideas, some of which have to be discarded, to State Department he has a very small bureaucracy — Q. Which ones? [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. Well, I'm the one who decides, right? But that's the way I think it ought to be. To have a President who listens very carefully to bright ideas and to the maintenance of the status quo, who has to address changing times. But I can tell you absolutely that there have been no basic disagreements between myself and Vance, between myself and Brzezinski, nor between Brzezinski and Vance. My hope is that with Ed Muskie coming on board as a part of our team last night at 7 o'clock, that he will play a somewhat different role than the one Secretary Vance played, because of a difference in background and temperament and attitude. I see Ed Muskie as being a much stronger and more statesmanlike senior-citizen figure who will be a more evocative spokesman for our Nation's policy; not nearly so bogged down in the details of administration of the State Department, perhaps; not quite so bogged down in the details of protocol, like meeting with and handling the visits of a constant stream of diplomats who come to Washington. I would prefer that Ed Muskie not be so personally involved in detail and negotiations with other nations. Warren Christopher, the Deputy Secretary of State-and I hope he will stay on at least the rest of this year-is fully capable of handling those kinds of problems. I think that Muskie is determined to be the spokesman for American policy, as has been Secretary Vance. As Brzezinski pointed out, he explains policy sometimes both to newspeople in privacy and also on some occasions in public speeches. But the image that has been put forward of a division between NSC, National Security Council, and the State Department is primarily a creature of the American news media, and there is no basis in fact for it. Q. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. EMPLOYMENT Q. Mr. President, my name is Ed Ford. For the past several years Government jobs have been moved to the South at a fast rate. Since we have high unemployment in the inner cities and in view of your Executive order that says that military installations will be located to lessen urban decay, why does the administration continue to move Government jobs out of the Philadelphia area? THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Ford, I don't think it's accurate to say that this administration has moved jobs out of the Philadelphia area. We have, obviously, some needs to change Federal placement of roles and functions on occasion. The arsenal was moved. We did the best we could to compensate for it. Of the roughly 3,500 people that were employed at the Frankfort Arsenal, at the end of last September more than 98 percent of them had been found new jobs or had retired. We have worked as hard as possible, because of that move and because of other reasons, to bring one of our major aircraft carriers here to the navy yard, as you know, for an overhaul. This will be a multihundred million dollar project that will keep intact between 8,500 and 9,000 jobs that were threatened and add at least 877 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 2,500 or more new jobs in the repair or overhaul of the Saratoga. I'm very conscious of the fact that we have high unemployment in our country. We've tried to orient job opportunities to those who've been deprived most. Last year, 1979, we had a good, sound economy going, and we had a 33-percent reduction nationwide in jobs for minority young people.' When we put forward the proposals to the Congress for a balanced budget to bring down the inflation rate and to bring down the interest rates, we very carefully preserved those job opportunities. We will have a million summer jobs for disadvantaged youth beginning in about a month. We are proposing another 2 million jobs to be made permanent for disadvantaged youth primarily, with the new job employment program now before the Congress. But I'm determined that what you advocate as a past policy of our administration never happen in the future. It has not happened in the past. The last point I want to make is this: All of the programs that we have had in the past, established over a long period of years, have been reexamined to bring the Federal thrust out of the more wealthy suburbs, quite often, into the downtown areas and also to shift the focus to the Northeast and to the older cities. This is true in transportation, it's true in housing, it's true in health services, it's true in education, and we'll continue that process. But I'll be very conscious of the fact in the future that there is a real need in cities like Philadelphia, and I'll be sure to compensate for them. ' The President should have said "a 33-percent reduction in unemployment for minority young people." [White House correction.] With the passage of the windfall profits tax that the Congress has now made a law with my signature, for instance, we'll have $50 billion more in the next 10 years to keep repaired and to improve public transportation, like your own transportation system here that's in a dilapidated state, and this is just typical of what we have been doing. Q. Thank you. MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATIONS Q. Mr. President, my name is Danyael Cantor. A major tenet of your Mideast policy has been that the reconciliation of the quote, unquote, "Palestinian issue" would ensure peace in that area and the security of our vital interests in that region. Israel and Egypt have made real progress together vis-a-vis the Camp David agreements, yet it is obvious that isolated and alone they cannot complete the urgent task they have begun. THE PRESIDENT. That's right. Q. My question is this: Given the resistance of the other Arab states to support the Camp David negotiations, not to mention the refusal of the PLO to even recognize Israel's right to exist, what pressures, let's call them initiatives, is this government ready to bring to bear on these other parties to ensure that this noble peace initiative does not result in failure? THE PRESIDENT. One of the disappointments after Camp David accords were reached, for me, has been the unwillingness of the Jordanians, the Syrians, and the Palestinian Arabs to join in the peace talks. This is a serious matter, but it is not a fatal circumstance. You have to remember the importance of Egypt in the Arab world-35 million people, the 878 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 strongest, most dynamic, most heavily populated nation in the Arab community, also the one that has been in the lead in the last four wars where Israeli and Egyptian young men died. The peace between Israel and Egypt is assured through a permanent, far-reaching, very substantive treaty signed just a little bit more than a year ago. In the absence of cooperation by Jordan, Israel faces no serious military threat from the east. And Syria, as you well know, also is incapable of mounting a serious threat against Israel, as long as Israel and Egypt are bound together with a common commitment to peace. We are now negotiating to carry out those provisions of Camp David which have been espoused and signed on a word of honor by both Begin and Sadat and witnessed by me. They involve the redressing of the needs of the Palestinians in addition to the insurance of Israel's stability, peace and security; the recognition of Palestinian rights; the resolution of Palestinian differences in all their aspects; the right of Palestinians to have a voice in the determination of their own future-those things I'm quoting from Camp David, and they've been signed by Menahem Begin, as well as they have by Jimmy Carter and Anwar Sadat. At the same time, Sadat has recognized and we have recognized that Israel must have her security guaranteed. The PLO is endorsed by many other Arab countries as being the spokesman for Palestinians. We don't believe that that's an accurate description of the PLO's function. Recently when Israeli settlers were murdered, the PLO immediately took credit for it. I am not going to recognize the PLO nor to negotiate with the PLO until after the PLO recognizes U.N. 242 as a basis for Mideast peace and also recognizes Israel's right to exist and to exist in peace. Those kinds of things must be carried out. In closing, let me say that I don't know what the future will hold. I cannot dominate Israel or Egypt or any other people on Earth. We have to add our voice as a mediator to try to find some common ground on which they can reach agreement themselves. My hope is that they will. There is no doubt in my mind that both the Egyptian people and the Israeli people want peace, and God knows we want peace for that entire region. It's to our advantage as well to have a stable Mideast. We've faced some difficult times in the past. The day before we left Camp David, none of us up there thought we would have an agreement. We got one. And a little more than a year ago, now almost a year and a half ago, when I went to the Mideast-the day before I left Jerusalem, we thought we had no chance of success. We had success. So, we're determined, we're tenacious, we're going to add our good voice. And I believe that world pressure and the pressure of the people in Israel and Egypt will bring those two leaders, with our help, together. So, Israel must exist, Israel must exist securely, Israel must exist in peace. And also the Palestinian rights, recognized by Begin and the Israelis, need to be recognized in the future by all of us in order to keep stability in that troubled region. Q. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT Q. Mr. President, my name is Thomas Jones. I'm from Pine Hill, New Jersey. I want to ask you a very easy question. THE PRESIDENT. I'd appreciate that. [Laughter] 879 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Q. What are your personal feelings on the ERA? And also, how do vou feel about women being drafted? THE PRESIDENT. I am strongly in favor of the ratification of the ERA. Since the basic concepts of equality of opportunity were first put forward here in Philadelphia, our Nation has made steady progress in increased democratization of our system, where people, for instance, could directly elect Senators; where women were given the right to vote; where discrimination because of race was wiped from the U.S. Constitution, and guaranteed equality was given there. Women still don't have a guarantee of equal treatment under the U.S. Constitution with men. This equal rights amendment, in my opinion, will not weaken, but will strengthen, American families. It will not weaken, it will strengthen, the free enterprise system. It will not weaken, it will strengthen, in my judgment, the special characteristic of women which is unique to them. I see no reason for us to draft anyone. What I have proposed to the Congress is, on the one hand, funds to renovate and to make ready the registration system, the Selective Service System; not to draft anyone, not even to examine anyone to place them in a physically qualified or unqualified status; but just to register them and get them on the books so that if we do have to marshal our forces in the future to defend our country, we'll have a 90- or 100-day head start, compared to what we have now. I have also asked, as a separate piece of legislation-which I think has no chance of getting through the Congress-that that registration be not only young men but women. I prefer it, but I don't think Congress will do it. But I might say I do believe that the Congress will authorize the registration of young men, and I don't believe, with any prospect in the future that's apparent to me, that we will have to go to a draft of either young men or women. In my opinion, a good registration system would not only prepare us to protect ourselves rapidly if we have to, but it would also help to make our voluntary forces stronger. So, I believe in the ERA. I believe in the registration of young men and women. I think we'll have the right very shortly to register young men, and I hope we'll never have to have a draft. Q. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. LOCATION OF MILITARY INSTALLATIONS Q. Mr. President, my name is Cecile Johnson. I am one of the 406 employees affected by the Secretary of Defense's decision to transfer the Philadelphia defense contract region to a suburban location in Georgia. In view of the following-one, your Executive order, which states military installations will be located so as to minimize urban decay; two, the abnormally high unemployment rate in Philadelphia; three, GAO's independent study, which concluded it is several million dollars cheaper to retain Philadelphia as headquarters; and four, the fact that the contract workload is concentrated in this area-why doesn't the Secretary of Defense reverse the decision? THE PRESIDENT. I think the first part of your question is in error, and that is the assumption that the Secretary of Defense has made a decision to consolidate the two units in Georgia-I happen to be from Georgia. [Laughter] But when I heard about this prospective move, I asked the 880 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 Department of Defense to reassess the tentative decision. We have restudied it and are still undergoing that process. One of the major problems put forward by the Defense Department was that in order to keep the combined unit here in the Philadelphia area, it would cost $4 million to modify the facilities here. They have now found that it will not cost $4 million. I was informed recently that instead of $4 million, it will cost less than $1 million. I think that will be a very important factor when the decision is made. But I am personally interested in it and if I were a betting man-[laughter]-I would say that the odds are not against Philadelphia. But I can't make a final commitment to you now. Q. Thank you. FORMULATION OF FOREIGN POLICY Q. Hello, Mr. President. My name is John Dibernardino, and my question relates somewhat to the first question that was asked today. Referring to your recent appointment of Senator Muskie as Secretary of State, I would like to know if that appointment should be interpreted as a change in your foreign policy away from that advocated by National Security Affairs Adviser Brzezinski toward a more conciliatory policy, especially regarding Iran and the Soviet Union? And if that is so, what has changed your thinking? THE PRESIDENT. I think if you would study-which the press has done-the public statements of Ed Muskie, not only in the last few days but in the months gone by, you would agree with me that, I believe invariably, Ed Muskie as a Senator has endorsed without reservation the foreign policy of our country as evolved under Secretary of State Cy Vance and with the cooperation and help of Zbigniew Brzezinski. As I said earlier, it is a serious mistake, a serious error to exaggerate or to emphasize differences that do exist on occasion between National Security and State and Defense and Treasury and Energy and myself, and maybe the Vice President as well. Always when we evolve policy I encourage my advisers to put forward their own ideas on the best solution to a serious problem. And once we decide on a basic solution and I make the final judgment on it, unanimously we have had support. The one exception is on the rescue attempt in Iran, when Secretary Vance expressed strong reservations about it. And after the decision was made he said to me, "I will support your decision until the rescue operation is completed. Following that I would like to resign as Secretary of State." I accepted his resignation on that basis. That was the reason for it. So, there has been no division between NSC and State, nor between either of them and me. The policy of our country is carefully considered and consistent. It is not expected to change under Ed Muskie, and he has been supportive of the policy in every public statement about which I'm familiar. Q. Thank you. The PRESIDENT. Thank you. AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN Q. Good afternoon, sir. THE PRESIDENT. Good afternoon. Q. I am Larry Goldman from Philadelphia. I would like to know-I would like to touch on the Iran hostage crisis. Will you continue-number one, will you continue your sanctions against Iran, and what will your next steps be against them? 881 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Do you have a date for military actions? And how come such a few number of helicopters were used in the rescue attempt? THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much, Larry. I will continue the sanctions against Iran. Up until this time we have stood practically alone in the implementation of sanctions. A few other nations have joined us. Many have withdrawn their Ambassadors and their diplomatic staff from Iran in protest against what Iran has done. They were condemned unanimously by the United Nations Security Council on two occasions, and the International Court of Justice, the so-called World Court, also ruled that Iran had violated international law in a very serious manner. I don't have a specific date after which I will take advantage of the other options available to us. Military options are going to be kept for use if necessary. My preference has always been that we resolve this crisis in a peaceful fashion, and that's my hope and expectation in the future. On the 17th of this month our other major allies, Japan and the European countries and Canada, for instance, have decided to impose economic sanctions against Iran similar in nature, not quite so far reaching, as those that we have imposed ourselves. We'd like to convince Iran not only that they are hurting us by keeping innocent people kidnap victims, but also they are hurting themselves. When we began to study a possible rescue operation back in November of last year, it was obvious to us the difficulty that would be involved. It's a rare thing when helicopters of any kind have to fly 600 land miles, more than 500 nautical miles, nonstop. Ordinarily helicopters fly about 100 miles at the time. These heli copters were designed originally as minesweeping helicopters. They're very reliable. They operate over the water, as you can see, and they have a fairly extensive range. We only needed six helicopters to go into Tehran and to help remove the hostages and the rescue team. But we had to have at least that many. So, from the U.S. carrier the Nimitz, we launched the eight helicopters, having two extra ones above and beyond what we anticipated needing. We had a very unpredictable and heartbreaking series of coincidences that caused the termination of this rescue attempt. We had an unanticipated, very severe sandstorm that turned one of the helicopters back to the Nimitz. That same sandstorm forced down two helicopters that had to stay on the ground and be left by the others for more than 30 minutes, and we had two helicopters that developed mechanical difficulties. It's impossible on a secret mission like this, where you had to go all the way across 500 miles of Iran without being detected and then stay overnight without being detected, to refuel without being detected, to take in the rescue team without being detected. It's a serious problem if you start trying to add extra planes or extra helicopters. We thought that two extra ones would be plenty. We never dreamed that we would have three helicopters go out of commission. We had practiced different elements of the rescue mission in this country, both in the North Carolina area and out in the desert, similar to Iran territory, more than 25 times, and this was a surprise to us, a heartbreaking surprise to us. I have no doubt that the mission would have been successful had it been able to go ahead, but we could not an 882 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ma9 May 9 ticipate the sandstorms nor the breakdown in the helicopters. It was just one of those streaks of bad luck. And we could not have added twice as many helicopters, because the operation would have been much too complicated. You have to remember that every helicopter that went in had to have fuel brought in by C- 130's in the middle of the night in a desert, not on an airport, and transferred. So, we wanted to keep the operation secret and simple and incisive. We were just plagued by bad luck. Q. Thank you, sir. Good luck. THE PRESIDENT. I wish now we had had another helicopter, but I didn't know ahead of time. Q. Thank you very much. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. OWNERSHIP OF ENERGY RESOURCES Q. Mr. President, my name is Charles Cutler. Before I ask my question, I'd like to say that I think you've done a marvelous job in a very, very difficult set of circumstances over the last 31/2 years. I don't think it's very often that people off the street, like myself, get a chance to say thank you, but I sincerely appreciate the great effort you've given all of us in your time as President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. So far, you've got my favorite question. Charles, I appreciate it. Q. My question relates to energy and to the oil companies. It's been written that the oil companies are slowly purchasing interest and soon may be controlling interest in our other energy sources, principally coal. Given the oil companies' past history of insensitivity to the public's needs and their greater concern for the financial benefits they can gain, are there any measures that you're contemplating about this problem that I bring up? THE PRESIDENT. You're right in that when the oil companies, in the past, have been quite restricted in the amount of oil they could produce, they've been inclined to go on what's called horizontal integration; that is, the lapping up of coal deposits, uranium deposits, or shale deposits, and they still are inclined to do that. I would personally favor, as I did during my campaign effort, a restraint on that kind of horizontal expansion or integration. I think we should have more competition, and we have put forward legislation accordingly. The justice Department has proposed to the Congress that there be a restraint on how much the oil companies could invest in those ancillary kinds of energy. So far, the Congress has not acted. We are monitoring the oil companies very carefully. If they abuse the privilege that they now have, in my judgment there will be a building up of additional commitment in the Congress and in the American public that would bring about a prohibition against the oil companies moving too much into the coal production field. We will also try to increase the production of coal as much as possible by shifting over utilities that produce electricity from oil and gas to coal and by investing tremendous amounts of money-like tens of billions of dollars in the future-in the production of synthetic oil and natural gas, clean-burning fuels, from coalabout 75 percent from coal, the other 25 percent from other forms of energy. So, I'm aware of the problem you express. I'm concerned about it. During my campaign I committed myself to be on guard against that horizontal movement of the oil companies into the coal field. 883 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 And if they do abuse the privilege, to summarize, I will act and the Congress will act to prevent that practice, which will be deleterious to competition. We are fairly well protected now by the antitrust laws that are already part of our Justice Department responsibility. But I believe that we might very well have an additional need to prevent oil companies taking over the coal fields in the future. Q. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. THE NATION S ECONOMY Q. Mr. President, my name is John Reiss. In your opening remarks you painted an improving picture of our economy. In fact, the inflation rate in this country, despite the very slight decline you mentioned, is still disastrously high, just recently hitting an historic 20-percent yearly level. Don't you think it is time for the Government to follow a different fiscal policy, rather than the clearly unsuccessful, presently practiced monetary policy which has resulted in our high inflation and unemployment rates? Why don't you consider, for example, a tax base incomes policy, TIP, which has been proven successful in Hungary? THE PRESIDENT. It was John Reiss, right? Q. Yes. THE PRESIDENT. John, I don't think anyone could argue with you in that we are extremely disturbed at the excessively high interest rates and inflation rates. I considered the TIP proposition and presented a modified version of that to the Congress more than a year ago. The Congress was not even willing at that time to get it out of committee. It would have guaranteed that a labor group that vol untarily took a lower salary settlement, wage settlement, if the inflation rate went up an unexpected degree, would have a refund on their income tax, to kind of guarantee them that if the inflation rate was more than their wage settlement that they wouldn't have to pay for it. The Congress was not willing to do that. I think that 2 months ago, when I evolved to the country a combination, along with the Federal Reserve Board, of an anti-inflation package, that it was welladvised and adequate. The results have far exceeded what we anticipated. We put some constraints on consumer spending, as you know, including a slight restraint on credit card use. The results of that have been many times greater than what we thought they would be. The Federal Reserve put some constraints on money lending by banks. Again, we thought there would be a very slow reduction in interest rates. At this time, the prime rate is falling about 1 percent per week. And as I said earlier, one of the savings and loan companies reduced their mortgage rates 4 or 4V/2 percent in 1 day. Now the mortgage rate on a nationwide basis is in the neighborhood of 13 percent, and just a few days ago it was up as high as 17 percent. No one knows what's going to happen in the future. My prediction to you is that in the summer we will see substantial reductions of an equivalent degree in the inflation rate. We have gotten results this morning of the Producer Price Index, that is, the Wholesale Price Index. It dropped to 6-percent annual rate. That's just 1 month's figures, based on April alone. I hope it will continue. I don't think it will continue that low. But I believe that we'll see now, with interest rates going down, a quick rejuvenation of 884 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 homebuilding, automobile purchase, and the purchase of goods that go into homes, like refrigerators and stoves and so forth. We'll also see a rejuvenation of consumer spending, and perhaps saving, with the inflation rate dropping. So, I believe that we are on the right track, and I don't have any intention of modifying that until we give it a thorough test. I think we'll know by, I would say, September whether or not the antiinflation program is working. I believe though that I can tell you as sure as anything in economics that we will have reasonable interest rates and reasonable inflation rates certainly far below what they were even a month ago by the middle of this summer. Q. I hope so. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. I hope so, too. Thank you. EDUCATION Q. Mr. President, my name is Marie Scrarretta. My question has to do with education. Since you have established the Department of Education as a separate and distinct department of the HEW, it is apparent that you're placing greater emphasis on the needs, functions, and goals of national education. What plans will this new department propose for the declining educational standards in our country and for the financing of areas such as ours here where we are financially strapped in our city schools? THE PRESIDENT. In the last 3 years since I've been President, 3V/2, we've increased the Federal contribution to education tremendously. At the same time we've been very careful not to take control of the school systems away from the local and State officials. We'll continue that policy. We've had a great increase in the allocation of different ways to finance the college education of young people who were able not just financially but educationally and mentally to do college work. When I was Governor of Georgia, I spent about 25 percent of all my time working on education to improve the quality for the Georgia students. Since I've been President that has not been the case. Most of the problems that I have to deal with in education concern arguments and legal squabbles between a local school board or a State on the one hand, and HEW and the Justice Department on the other, because we have not had a single Cabinet-level official who could speak uniquely for education. With the appointment of Shirley Hufstedler as the Secretary of Education and with a full Cabinet post now for her to fill, any school board member, any leader of a teachers group or any organization like the PTA, any Governor will know exactly where to go to get specifically allocated and focused Federal help, financial and otherwise, and to resolve a problem affecting social interrelationships like racial discrimination or otherwise to keep the school systems out of court. And I believe that I'll spend a lot more time now in trying to improve the quality of education with Shirley Hufstedler at my side than I could have ever done, no matter what my own motivations might have been, with health, education, and welfare, operated by the same Secretary or Cabinet officer with health and welfare being the dominant two problems and considerations. So, I don't have any doubt that in every element of educational excellence or improvement or financing or cooperation or 885 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 the end of this contention and argument that the new department will be constructive, to give our students of all ages a much better educational opportunity in the future. Q. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. DOMESTIC PROGRAMS FOR MINORITIES Q. Mr. President, my name is Elmore Johnson, and first I'd like to just express my appreciation in terms of being given the opportunity to even ask a question of the President of the United States, who also happens to be my father's favorite. I said father's, right? [Laughter] Mr. President, domestically THE PRESIDENT. I hope someday I can be the favorite of your father's son as well. [Laughter] Q. You might be, you might be. Mr. President, domestically this country seems to be in a declining state, and the consciousness of those who govern our society appears to be, at this time, somewhat misdirected in relationship to the poor and minority citizens-the budgetbalancing process currently underway, which has negative effects regarding minority youth programs, minority employment, regarding the CETA cutbacks, and now even the food stamp reauthorization, and I'll stop at this point. I would hope that you would do everything in your power to make sure that millions of Americans are not unnecessarily affected come May 15 in relationship to the continuation of the food stamps. Somehow our priorities seem to be misdirected when the most underprivileged of our society are asked to do most of the sacrificing and continued suffering. Any and all cuts in domestic programs will ad versely affect urban cities like Philadelphia, the youth, the senior citizens and poor and minorities, who are the ones who really rely on the Federal domestic programs. And my question is, how do you as President of the United States propose to change this situation so that basically people can begin to feel positive again about themselves, about their communities, and about this Nation in order that the masses of the country will not continue to suffer in the present type of state that they are now? Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. I understand the reasons for your concern, because our Nation has not yet cast off or eliminated the consequences of generations of racial discrimination. We have made good progress lately, and we're continuing to make that progress. Legally, because of rulings by the Supreme Court and the Federal courts and also actions taken by the Congress, we have legal guarantees of equality, but because of ancient discriminatory practices we've got a long way to go in letting minority citizens, blacks, those who don't speak English well and others, have an equal chance in life. As we put forward our anti-inflation program I recognized, and I hope you will as well, that those who suffer most from an 18- or 20-percent inflation rate are the ones who are the poorest, who live on fixed incomes, or who live in a place where they cannot move to a better opportunity or to a better job when they don't have enough income to live. A 20 -percent or an 18-percent inflation rate is almost the same as an 18-percent tax on their income. When food prices go up, the wealthy people can drive to a convenient shop 886 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 ping center, buy large quantities of food at a discount price, come back home, and put it in a fancy deepfreeze, and the adverse effects of inflation are not felt so severely by them. Many poor families, though, have to live from hand to mouth. They get a limited check. They quite often go to a local grocery store where the prices are very high on basic necessities. Sometimes the check doesn't get there on time, and the local grocer will give them credit for a few days. And when they do get their income they are afraid to take their business somewhere else to buy food at a cheaper price. We also have seen that as we take charge of the economy and cut down the inflation rate and the interest rates, that we ought to protect those programs that are most valuable to the poor and to the minority groups. We've done that. There have been no cuts in summer youth employment jobs. There have been no cuts in social security. There have been no cuts in SSI. There have been no cuts in aid for families with dependent children. There have been zero cuts in Meals on Wheels. As a matter of fact, in housing, which you mentioned, in 1981 budget, beginning the 1st of October, we've built in a 25-percent increase, not a decrease, in Federal assisted housing compared to this year-up to 300,000 units to be built with Federal assistance. On top of that, we've now come back, because of the troubles in the homebuilding industry, and added another 100,000 units on top of those 300,000. So, we are trying to protect those programs that are important to you and the people about whom you are concerned. I'd like to add one other thing. It's not just enough to pass laws and appropriate money. I come from the Southeast. I could not have been standing here today as President had it not been for Martin Luther King, Jr., and others like him, for instance, who fought for equal rights for blacks and who took the yoke of racial discrimination from around the necks of the white people as well. It's been an opening up of a new opportunity in life for all Americans. I've tried, since I've been in office, to compensate for that ancient discrimination in my appointments. I have appointed, for instance-I don't say this bragging, because I haven't done enough yet-I've appointed more [black] 2 Federal judges in the 3 years that I've been in office than all the other Presidents put together since this Nation began. We've got 32 judges now who are women. I have appointed 28 of them. We put blacks on regulatory agencies to take care of the needs of people who quite often did not benefit from a competitive free enterprise system. I'm not saying these things to try to convince you that I have done enough. But we are making good progress. I'm concerned about the food stamp program as well; I'm on your side. And anybody who examines the budget proposals that I have put forward, which I'm going to fight for, compared to the budget proposals that came out of the House Budget Committee or the Senate committee will see that it's to your advantage to help me protect my programs, because they're the same kind of programs that you have just said you want to see for blacks and others who've felt the sting of and the suffering of discrimination. We're in it together. We're partners, I believe, and I think we will prevail, because as we go into the summer months with interest rates and inflation rate going 2 White House correction. 887 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 down, we're going to have a recession on our hands-there's no doubt about itand those carefully focused programs to keep job opportunities open and to keep our industry strong and to let people buy homes and to let food stamps be provided for those who are hungry are just as important to me as they are to you. I believe that we will win this battle. It's not going to be an easy few months, and I need your help as well as the help of your father. Q. All right. Thank you, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. TAX REFORM Q. Hi. THE PRESIDENT. Hello. Q. My name is Joan Pidot. I work at Temple, and I'm really proud to have you at our university today. And I want to thank you for the Christmas card you send me every year. [Laughter] During the 1976 campaign, you described the then-current tax situation as a "disgrace." Have your views on that system changed, and if so, how? THE PRESIDENT. My views haven't changed much, and neither has the tax system. [Laughter] I've tried, and I've put forward proposals to the Congress to eliminate some of the special privileges built into the income tax system, but I've not been successful yet. We do have, however, a major step that has been accomplished this year. The biggest tax bill ever passed by the Congress in history was completed just a few weeks ago. That's the windfall profits tax on the oil companies. I was very pleased to sign that bill, because over the next 10 years it's going to take more than $120 billion away from the oil companies, out of their profits, and allot it to the American people to be used to conserve energy and also to produce more energy in our own country. So, we do have some elements of success, but the inequities built into the income tax system, to a great degree, still remain. I've not given up, but the prospects for major improvements are not good. We've simplified it. If you'd get your present tax forms and go back 5 years and see what used to be, we've made some progress, and we've been able to reduce taxes a good bit. We'll reduce them more next year, in my judgment, when we get the budget balanced and get the inflation rate and the interest rates down where they ought to be. Q. Thank you. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. I've got time for another one. ASSESSMENT OF ADMINISTRATION POLICIES Q. Mr. President, my name is Steve Alter. I'm a senior at Abington Friends School. The Iran crisis and the Afghanistan invasion have forced you to remain in Washington for the past 6 months. You've now abandoned that policy, saying that these situations are now more manageable. Could you please tell us what specific indications there are that this is true, in light of the recent aborted Iranian mission, Cyrus Vance's resignation, and the complications of having a brand-new Secretary of State? THE PRESIDENT. I don't think it is accurate to say-and neither have I saidthat the hostage situation in Iran is more manageable. With our hostages now moved to other countries [cities],3 it's much more difficult for us to know where they are. However, we have presently achieved support from our allies which 3 White House correction. 888 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 was not there before to help us exert common economic persuasion on Iran to resolve the hostage question. We've also clarified the issue, I believe, between ourselves and our allies, in mounting permanent economic and political pressure on the Soviet Union to convince them that they made a serious mistake in Afghanistan. Those crises are likely to continue on in the future. Domestically we have made progress. We've basically completed now, with two exceptions, the total energy policy legislation for our country, and we've put in effect the commitment by the Congress to cut Federal spending enough to balance the budget and to turn the inflation rate and the interest rate down. In my judgment the total complex list of the things with which I have to deal are more manageable, but it is not accurate to assume that we are any closer to getting our hostages back from Iran. It took an awful lot of my time and my advisers', as well, to plan and to mount the hostage rescue mission. I'm grieved that it did not succeed. I thought it was going to succeed. I am not at this time involved in that careful detailed planning leading up to an imminent rescue mission to repeat that one. We are keeping all our options open, and I believe that it's better for me now, because of the rapidly changing circumstances in our country, the fairly well defined relationship between our allies and the Soviet Union and Iran, and the accomplishment of some of our major goals on this legislative year and the completion of some of my extra duties in marshaling support for the Olympics boycott and for economic boycotts against the Soviet Union, that I can say in totality those burdens are more manageable, certainly manageable enough so that on occasion, once a week or so, I can go out for a day. And I think the balancing of benefit to be able to come here with you to answer questions and to try to put all these things into focus and to make a major foreign policy address in downtown Philadelphia today right after lunch more than makes up for my absence from Washington. When I made the commitment, by the way, to stay in the White House, I honestly thought we'd have the hostages out in a few weeks. I never dreamed that they would be held this long. So, it was time for me to make that move. I don't want to mislead anyone. I do not think that the hostage question is any more manageable than it was before. Q. Thank you very much. THE PRESIDENT. It's a good question. FEDERAL CONTROL OF OIL IMPORTS Q. One more. I've waited since November 13, so I'm really excited. I'd like to know if you would favor a plan that would permit only the United States Government to bring oil, import oil, into the country and then sell it to the oil companies. How do you feel about that? THE PRESIDENT. That's one of the options that we've considered at great length and have not believed it to be a good decision. It's still an option that will be kept on the shelf and used if necessary, but I don't believe that the other nations of the world who control the purchase of oil on a noncompetitive basis and by themselves as the only purchaser have benefited from it. Under the present market circumstances on a worldwide basis, the prices are fairly well set by long-term negotiations. And as you know, American 889 May 9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 oil companies have an investment in and a working relationship with the oil suppliers. As a matter of fact, many American oil companies supply oil to other major nations. So, this is an option that we will consider if we think that our country is not being best served by competition among the oil companies in buying oil. And I believe that we would not be well served now by the Federal Government injecting itself into the free enterprise system and thinking it can do a better job of buying oil than the oil companies can. It's easy to curse and to condemn the oil companies. Q. That's true. THE PRESIDENT. I think they know their business, and their desire is to buy oil as cheap as they can. And in general, I believe the free enterprise system is better able to carry out a function like that than the Federal Government. I think the Federal Government has got its hands into too many things now instead of not enough. Q. Thank you very much. THE PRESIDENT. They say no more questions, but I'll take one more question just to show that my staff and the NSC don't run me; I run myself. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Q. Good afternoon, Mr. President and fellow citizens, my name is Jean McCall. I could speak about oil; I drive a car. I could speak about the children; I'm an educator. However, I came to speak about a man of peace, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. King's birthday is a holiday here in our State of Pennsylvania. Many citizens here in Philadelphia gathered signatures, and we gathered them from 40 States. We got 100,000 signatures. And we want to honor a man of peace. All of our holidays, most of them, allude to war Memorial Day, Fourth of July, you name it. I ask you, Mr. President, when will we honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.? THE PRESIDENT. I have worked very closely with Coretta King and others who share the same desire you've expressed, to get a national holiday set aside to commemorate his birthday. I might point out, though, in the essence of accuracy, that we do have holidays like Christmas and, sometimes, Easter, which are not oriented completely toward war. And I think the birthday of George Washington and Lincoln are not really oriented toward war. Memorial Day is obviously the recognition of those who were killed in a war to preserve peace and freedom, and, of course, the Fourth of July would not be associated with war, because it's the birth of a great Nation. So, I do agree with you that we need to honor Dr. Martin Luther King in that fashion. Let me say, just assuming that I've answered your question adequately, I'd like to say this in closing. It's really good for me as President to get out of my house for a change and to come out and be with you. The questions have been challenging; some have been difficult. I think the breadth of them and the diversity of them emphasizes the complexity of this modern day in which we live. Ours is a great country, and quite often because we are such a dynamic, aggressive, diverse, advanced society, when changes take place on Earth, they affect us first. And because we have such a freedom of speech and such a burning desire on the part of the American press to put forward new ideas and to explain controversy and to report debates and to emphasize disagreements and to let us know about transient disappointments and temporary aggravations, that American people are always aware of what's going on much better than in societies 890 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 9 which are closed and where the people only hear what the government wants them to hear. So, in this process of hearing about these things in the evening as you watch the network news or reading about them in the newspaper, listening to them on the radio all day long, we get the impression in this country that all there is to it is the debate or the argument or the temporary inconvenience or the transient disappointment. What we tend to forget is the blessing that each of us has to live in the United States of America-because God has blessed us far more than we recognize, and he's given us opportunities in this country and natural resources that are the envy of the rest of the world. We are a superpower, not just because we're the strongest nation on Earth militarily and economically and politically, but because, in my judgment, we are the strongest nation on Earth morally and ethically. We believe in human rights, not just for ourselves but for others. We believe in peace, not just for ourselves but for others. And some might say that we stick our nose in other people's business too much, but we are trying to get peace for Israel and for Egypt. We worked hard to try to get a new nation born in Africa recently-to change Rhodesia into Zimbabwe and let the people there who had been in the majority, who had never had a right to vote or to shape their own government, now have a new government. And we've opened up friendship not only with the people of Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, but Nigeria. And within the last 18 months, we have also opened up a new prospect of friendship to the largest nation on Earth, China, with more than a billion people, who were formerly, our avowed enemies. So, as we go forward, kind of the cutting edge of a rapidly changing dynamic human society, we ought to remember how strong we are and how blessed we are to have a chance to come together like this with a President and the people that I represent and let me listen to your questions and listen to your comments and listen to your criticisms and learn and let you learn, so that we can commit ourselves jointly, in freedom, valuing each human life and valuing the principles that were shaped here in Philadelphia, to commit ourselves to make the greatest nation on Earth even greater in the future. NOTE: The President spoke at 3:02 p.m. in McGonigle Hall. In his opening remarks, the President referred to Marvin Wachman, president of Temple University. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. May 3 The President met at Camp David, Md., with Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the following officials of the Department of State: Acting Secretary Warren M. Christopher, Secretary-designate Edmund S. Muskie, Ambassador at Large Henry D. Owen, Under Secretary for Political Affairs David D. Newsom, Under Secretary for Management Benjamin H. Read, W. Anthony Lake, Direc 891 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tor, Policy Planning Staff, and Peter Tarnoff, Special Assistant to the Secretary and Executive Secretary of the Department. May 5 The President returned to the White House from Camp David. The President met at the White House with: -Lord Carrington, British Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Minister of Overseas Development; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget; -members of the Illinois General Assembly, to discuss ratification of the equal rights amendment. In the afternoon, the President attended a White House reception in the Rose Garden for delegates to the 20th Mexico-United States Interparliamentary Conference. The White House announced that the President will designate Mary F. Berry as Vice Chairman of the Civil Rights Commission upon her confirmation by the Senate. She was nominated to be a member of this Commission last month. May 6 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -the congressional delegation from Florida, to discuss the Cuban and Haitian refugee situation; -Mr. Moore; -Vice President Mondale, Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelli gence, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -David P. Reynolds, chairman of the board of the Reynolds Metals Co., and Ira Davidson, executive vice president of the Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp.; -Vice President Mondale, Paul Volcker, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, and Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation; Secretary-General Joseph M. A. H. Luns of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; -Ambassador Budimir Loncar of Yugoslavia. The President announced that he will nominate Morris D. Busby, of Springfield, Va., for the rank of Ambassador when he is representing the United States at international conferences and meetings on fish and wildlife matters. Busby is Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and Fisheries Affairs. The President issued a declaration of a state of emergency in portions of the State of Florida severely affected by the influx of thousands of refugees. The President also has authorized the use of $10 million from his emergency fund under the Refugee Act to provide urgent relief through community organizations. The emergency declaration, as authorized under Public Law 93-288, authorizes the Federal Government to reimburse State and local governments for extraordinary costs incurred in responding to the emergency. May 7 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; 892 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -Dr. Kahn; -Helen Holliday, of St. Petersburg, Fla., the National Goodwill Graduate of 1980; -Ann Howell, of Thibodaux, La., and Rick Douglas, of Wilton, Conn., the Multiple Sclerosis Society's 1980 Mother and Father of the Year; -Mrs. Carter, for lunch. May 8 The President met at the White House with: Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -representatives of agricultural production industries; -Senators Lawton Chiles of Florida and Sam Nunn of Georgia. May 9 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Vice President Mondale, Secretary Brown, Secretary of State Edmund S. Muskie, Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Mr. Jordan, and Dr. Brzezinski. The President announced that he has appointed John P. Condon to be the Representative of the United States on the South Pacific Commission. Condon is U.S. Ambassador to Fiji, the Kingdom of Tonga, and Tuvalu. The President traveled to Philadelphia, Pa., where he addressed the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia and held a townhall meeting with area residents. The President then went to Camp David for the weekend. The White House announced that the administration proposed an amendment to the 1980 budget to assist the United States Olympic Committee in launching a major fundraising drive. The proposal calls for an appropriation of $1 of Federal funds for every $2 that the Committee is able to raise from non-Federal sources. The maximum Federal contribution is $10 million. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted May 5, 1980 EDMUND SIXTUS MUSKIE, of Maine, to be Secretary of State. Submitted May 6, 1980 WILLIAM CALDWELL HARROP, of New Jersey, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Kenya and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Seychelles. PHILLIP R. TRIMBLE, of New York, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Nepal. C. WILLIAM KONTOS, of Illinois, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. MORRIS D. BUSBY, of Virginia, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and Fisheries Affairs, for the rank of Ambassador. JOHN S. HASSELL, JR., of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, vice Karl Smith Bowers, resigned. Submitted May 7, 1980 ALEXIS HERMAN, Director of the Women's Bureau, Department of Labor, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the National Consumer Cooperative Bank for a term of 3 years (new position). 893 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted May 9, 1980 GEORGE WILLIAM ASHWORTH, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, vice, Barry M. Blechman, resigned. JOAN F. TOBIN, of the District of Columbia, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the Communications Satellite Corporation until the date of the annual meeting of the Corporation in 1983 (reappointment). JUDITH NELSEN KEEP, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of California, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. MARILYN HALL PATEL, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California to fill an additional position created September 18, 1979, pursuant to the provisions of section 372(b) of Title 28 of the United States Code. THELTON EUGENE HENDERSON, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California, vice Cecil F. Poole, elevated. A. WALLACE TASHIMA, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Central District of California, vice Warren J. Ferguson, elevated. JUSTIN L. QUACKENBUSH, of Washington, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Washington, vice Marshall A. Neill, deceased. HELEN WILSON NIES, of Maryland, to be an Associate Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, vice Donald E. Lane, deceased. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. CHECKLIST-Continued Released May 6, 1980 News conference: on the Democratic Party primaries-by Press Secretary Jody Powell Released May 7, 1980 Advance text: remarks at a ceremony marking the inauguration of the Department of Education Released May 9, 1980 Announcement: nomination of Thelton E. Henderson to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California Announcement: nomination of Marilyn Hall Patel to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California Announcement: nomination of Judith Nelsen Keep to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of California Announcement: nomination of A. Wallace Tashima to be United States District Judge for the Central District of California Announcement: nomination of Justin L. Quackenbush to be United States District Judge for the Eastern. District of Washington Advance text: address before the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved May 3, 1980 S. 2637 --- —---------- Public Law 96-241 An act to ensure that the compensation and other emoluments attached to the office of Secretary of State are those which were in effect January 1, 1977. Approved May 5, 1980 H.R. 4197 --- —------ Public Law 96-242 An act to amend the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939 with respect to recycled wool. 894 Week Ending Friday, May 16, 1980 Flag Day and National Flag Week 1980 Proclamation 4757. May 12, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Two hundred and five years ago, in June of 1775, the first distinctive American flags to be used in battle were hoisted above the Colonial defenses at the Battle of Bunker Hill. One of these flags was an adaptation of the British "Blue Ensign." The other was an entirely new design. Both, however, bore one device in common-the pine tree-chosen to symbolize the colonists' efforts to wrest their land from the forests. As the colonists moved toward a final break with the mother country, other flags with more pointed messages began to appear. Several featured ratttlesnakes, symbolizing vigilance and deadly striking power, and were emblazoned with the legends "Liberty or Death" and "Don't Tread on Me." On January 1, 1776, the Grand Union flag was raised over Washington's Continental Army headquarters displaying not only the British crosses of St. George and St. Andrew but also thirteen red and white stripes for the thirteen American colonies. That same year, the Bennington flag was unfurled, with thirteen stars, thirteen stripes and the number "76." But it was not until the following year that the Continental Congress chose a flag that more tellingly expressed the unity and resolve of the Colonials who had banded together to seek independence. On June 14, 1777, two years after the Battle of Bunker Hill, the delegates voted "that the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field representing a new constellation." Today, thirty-seven stars and two centuries later, the flag chosen by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia continues to be our national flag and to symbolize our shared commitment to freedom and equality. To commemorate the adoption of our flag, the Congress, by a joint resolution of August 3, 1949 (63 Stat. 492), designated June 14 of each year as Flag Day and requested the President to issue annually a proclamation calling for its observance. The Congress also requested the President, by joint resolution of June 9, 1966 (80 Stat. 194), to issue annually a proclamation designating the week in which June 14 occurs as National Flag Week and to call upon all citizens of the United States to display the flag on those days. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, do hereby designate the week beginning June 8, 1980, as National Flag Week, and I direct the appropriate officials of the Government to display the flag on all Government buildings during the week. I urge all Americans to observe Flag Day, June 14, and Flag Week by flying the Stars and Stripes from their homes and other suitable places. To focus the attention of the American people on their country's character, herit 895 May 12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 age and future well-being, the Congress has also, by joint resolution of June 13, 1975, set aside the 21 days from Flag Day through Independence Day as a period to honor America (89 Stat. 211). IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:23 a.m., May 13, 1980] President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research Appointment of Frances Keesler Graham as a Member. May 12, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of Frances Keesler Graham as a member of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Graham is a professor in the departments of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine. She replaces Fritz Redlich, resigned. Secretary of State Muskie's Trip to Vienna Exchange With Reporters on the Secretary's Departure. May 13, 1980 Q. Mr. Secretary, what do you hope to learn from our NATO Allies? SECRETARY MUSKIE. Well, first of all, I'd like to make some points clear. I'm very happy that this first trip abroad is a trip to NATO, which I happen to believe is the bedrock of our foreign policy. Secondly, I'm delighted to be participating in a meeting with the defense ministers of NATO. This is the first meeting, as I understand it, of our Foreign Ministers and a Secretary of State with the Defense Ministers. This was President Carter's suggestion, and I think it has the effect of underscoring the importance we attach to a consistent and unified policy toward the Soviet Union with respect to Afghanistan. Obviously, what's involved is our defense posture as well as our foreign policy. The meeting in Vienna, which really is designed to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Austria's independence, gives us an unusual opportunity to engage in bilateral talks with our counterparts in our NATO countries and also, of course, the meeting with Mr. Gromyko. With respect to that, which has somehow emerged as a centerpiece of this trip, I don't really expect any substantive agreements to emerge out of that meeting, but I think it will serve the purpose of opening and continuing communications, which I think is vital. And secondly, it gives each side an opportunity to express its concerns about developments since the Afghanistan invasion. It does not reflect any change in our policy. I think the initiative rests with the Soviet Union, and we are interested as a government in pursuing arms control and other issues of mutual interest, but the initiative clearly rests on the Soviet Union as a result of the Afghanistan invasion. So, all of these give me an unexpectedly early opportunity to plunge into the 896 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 13 waters of the cold Atlantic in foreign policy. Q. What do you mean, rests clearly with the Soviet Union? You mean that they have to pull the troops out of Afghanistan before there's any dialog? SECRETARY MUSKIE. Well, I think the purpose of the dialog is to explore the possibilities for the Soviet Union to carry its burden. It may not agree with me, but it has that burden. My responsibility and my conviction is that we must make it clear to them that that burden rests on their shoulders. Q. Is it part of your responsibility to see that the allies don't find themselves on separate sides in the Middle East peace negotiating process from the United States? SECRETARY MUSKIE. Well, I think it's-[inaudible]-I am sure that issue will arise and be discussed, and I would hope that they can be persuaded to permit the Camp David process to continue. We are determined to continue it. We are coming to grips with the tough issues now, really for the first time. I think it would be a very poor time to in any way divert attention from that process. The pressures are on both sides, both Israel and Egypt now, to come to grips with these tough issues and to resolve them. And without that pressure-and any diversion which would or could relieve it-without that pressure, they are likely to minimize the possibility of agreement. And I don't know of any other course of action, any other policy direction or any other initiative that could get us as close as we now are with the tough issues which have stood between us in a final resolution of the autonomy issue. Q. Mr. President, are you concerned that our allies may be backing off their commitment to us to help us in Iran? THE PRESIDENT. That's one of the issues that Secretary Muskie will be discussing with the allies. They have announced publicly and informed us directly that they will carry out the sanction commitments against Iran, pending some major breakthrough in the release of the hostages, and we expect our allies to keep their commitments to us. Q. When did they phone you? Yesterday? THE PRESIDENT. No, after they had their previous meeting. Q. Oh, so you're holding them to their-that's about 2 weeks, 3 weeks? THE PRESIDENT. That's correct. Q. Does it make it tougher, if they don't keep their commitment, does it make it tougher for us? THE PRESIDENT. Obviously, the more united the allies are in having a commitment to have the hostages released, the better off it is for us and for the hostages and for the future of Iran. It's important that the world know that those nations in the United Nations Security Council who voted for the sanctions if the hostages should not be released, would carry out their commitment, and they've reconfirmed that to us. Obviously, each country has to decide exactly the level of sanctions to be maintained, but the more compatible the sanctions are among the allies with the U.N. resolution originally that they did support, obviously the better off we are. Q. Could I ask you about these whispers you hear from Europe that they may be backing off? Q. What we don't understand is the fact that they seem to be pulling away. You don't think so, is that 897 May 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. We'll know more when Secretary Muskie does his job in Europe. [Speaking to Secretary Muskie] Good luck to you, and God bless you. NOTE: The exchange began at 7:53 a.m. on the South Grounds of the White House. Prior to his departure, Secretary Muskie met with the President in the Oval Office. Implementation of the Civil Service Reform Act Statement on Receiving the Report of the Comptroller General. May 13,1980 I am pleased to receive Comptroller General Elmer Staats' first annual evaluation of the Federal Government's success in implementing the Civil Service Reform Act. I am pleased, too, that this independent study, required by the Congress, reveals that excellent progress is being made and that implementation is on schedule. During the past 18 months, the Office of Personnel Management, under the leadership of Director Alan K. Campbell, has worked vigorously with Federal departments and agencies to make the provisions of the reform act permanent features of the Federal service. As the Comptroller General points out, "It will take several years for all the central features of civil service reform to be in place." But he also notes the excellent achievements that have already been made. The Senior Executive Service is operating successfully. Over 98 percent of eligible Federal officials have accepted membership voluntarily. New performance appraisal and merit pay systems are in place or under design throughout the Government. Women and minorities are achieving measurable gains in Federal employment. The Office of Personnel Management is undertaking its new leadership role to help us conquer inflation by improving public sector productivity and management at all jurisdictional levels. While the overall report is very favorable, it also properly alerts us to potential problems embodied in the reforms. I have asked Scotty Campbell to examine these areas of concern and, specifically, to take a hard look at the values and costs of the expanded early retirement options in the legislation. I am confident that OPM will continue its efforts to decentralize personnel management authority to meet the needs of individual agencies, while maintaining vigorous oversight to ensure that agencies do not use this authority in violation of the prohibited personnel practices enumerated in the act. I want to thank Mr. Staats and the staff of the General Accounting Office for this objective, comprehensive, and insightful report. It is most helpful to me, as I am sure it is to the Congress and the rest of the Federal Government. I also want to thank the thousands of men and women throughout the Government who worked so hard in 1979 to make good on the promise of civil service reform. On introducing this legislation, I pledged that civil service reform would be the centerpiece of my efforts to make the Federal Government more efficient, more effective, and more responsive to the American people. On the basis of this fine report, I am convinced that these goals are being achieved. Budget Rescission and Deferrals Message to the Congress. May 13, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, I herewith report a 898 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 13 proposal to rescind $9.0 thousand in budget authority previously provided by the Congress and two new deferrals of budget authority totalling $19.8 million. The rescission proposal affects the National Alcohol Fuels Commission. The deferrals involve the Departments of Commerce and Justice. The details of the rescission proposal and the deferrals are contained in the attached reports. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 13,1980. NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescission and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of May 16, 1980. Father's Day, 1980 Proclamation 4758. May 13, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Each year, this Nation sets aside a special day to recognize, honor and celebrate the contributions America's fathers make to the well-being of our families and our society. Father's Day is a time for all of us to remember and reflect on the unselfish sacrifices, the support and the guidance our fathers give us-physically, mentally and spiritually. It is a day, too, when we should share with them what they so willingly share with us and display our love and gratitude for the security and strength they provide. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby request that Sunday, June 15, 1980, be observed as Father's Day. I direct Government officials to display the flag of the United States on all Government buildings, and I urge all citizens to display the flag at their homes and other suitable places on that day. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 3:19 p.m., May 13, 1980] United States Ambassador to Sierra Leone Nomination of Theresa Ann Healy. May 13, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Theresa Ann Healy, of McLean, Va., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Sierra Leone. She would replace John Linehan, resigned. Healy has been Deputy Chief of Mission in Wellington since 1977 and has been a Foreign Service officer since 1955. She was born July 14, 1932, in New York City. She received a B.A. from St. John's University in 1954. After joining the Foreign Service in 1955, Healy was posted in Naples, Milan, Bern, and at the State Department. From 1967 to 1969, she was an intelligence research specialist at the State Department, and from 1969 to 1972, she was an international economist. From 1972 to 1974, Healy was political officer at USEC in Brussels. She at 899 May 13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tended the National War College in 1974-75. From 1975 to 1976, she was Senior Deputy Examiner in the State Department's Bureau of Personnel, and from 1976 to 1977, she was a management analyst officer in that office. United States Ambassador to Costa Rica Nomination of Francis J. McNeil. May 13, 1980 The President today announced that he will nominate Francis J. McNeil, of Lake Worth, Fla., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Costa Rica. He would replace Marvin Weissman, who has been appointed Ambassador to Bolivia. McNeil has been a Senior Inspector in the Office of the Inspector General at the State Department since 1978 and has been a Foreign Service officer since 1956. He was born March 3, 1932, in Pittsburgh, Pa. He received a B.A. from the University of Florida in 1954 and served in the U.S. Army from 1954 to 1956. McNeil joined the Foreign Service in 1956 and was posted in Tokyo, Guatemala, Nagoya, and at the U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States (OAS). In 1971-72 he was a visiting fellow at the Institute of Political Studies and the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. From 1972 to 1974, McNeil was Alternate U.S. Representative to the OAS, and from 1974 to 1975, he was Acting Deputy U.S. Permanent Representative to the OAS. From 1975 to 1977, McNeil was counselor for political affairs in Madrid. From 1977 to 1978, he was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. Interview With the President Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Editors and Broadcasters. May 13, 1980 ADMINISTRATION POLICIES THE PRESIDENT. I would like to outline for you very briefly some of the issues that I am facing today. I sent the new Secretary of State, Ed Muskie, off to Europe this morning. He'll be confirming our commitment to a strong NATO. He'll be discussing the issues that our nations face together with the European allies: how to deal with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, how to keep their support for us in obtaining the release and the protection of our hostages, how to deal with the very sensitive issue of bringing peace to the Mideast, and other similar matters concerning defense and diplomacy. We have, domestically, a very important agenda now underway in the Congress, with the control of oil imports through the imposition of a conservation fee, which is now being tested both in the courts and in the Congress, which it is extremely important to our country to maintain; secondly, to deal with the economic problems of our Nation, going from a period of extremely high interest rates and inflation rates with interest dropping rapidly each week-and we hope and expect the inflation rate will be dropping early in the summer, at least down to a more moderate, but still too high a leveland the protection of the programs that 900 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 are designed specifically for minimizing the adverse impact of a slower economy, including the holding on to jobs of as many Americans as possible. We've been extremely successful this first 3 years in providing additional jobs for Americans. We want to protect the gains that we have made against congressional encroachment. We've got a crisis on our hands potentially in the food stamp legislation, both authorization and appropriations for food stamps. We need a clear signal from the Congress of success in financing the food stamp program by the 15th of May, which is very soon. Otherwise we'll have to start sending out notices very shortly thereafter to the State administrative offices that food stamps will be terminated. This could affect 21 million Americans who are dependent, at least partially, on food stamps, and it would be a bureaucratic nightmare and at the same time would very easily mean the dismantling or partial dismantling of the administrative structure for delivering this service to American people. We have a commitment to deal with inflation on a continuing basis. It's absolutely imperative that we show courage and persistence and self-discipline here in Washington. This is an election year. A lot of these decisions-concerning inflation, food stamps, concerning the oil conservation fee, the possible increase in the gasoline tax-they are difficult to make, and they must be made if we are to deal successfully with the issues that confront our Nation. We are now approaching a time of decisionmaking on the refugee question from Cuba and from Haiti. I'll be meeting with my key advisers tomorrow to put the final touches on our best approach to this difficult issue caused by the failure of the Castro political and economic effort in Cuba. This is a severe indictment of his regime to have this many people trying to escape from his country. He's apparently using strong-arm methods to dissuade many Cubans who want to escape from the effects of his administration. We will continue to deal with the refugee question humanely. It must be in accordance with the law, and it must be in an orderly fashion. And of course, we are dealing under a law that requires a case-by-case assessment of each person who comes to our country, either for asylum or as a refugee, and the equitable administration of the law is very important to us as well. It would be a pleasure for me to have your questions. I've tried to outline 8 or 10 issues very quickly, and we'll spend the rest of the time together letting you choose the subject. QUESTIONS MX MISSILE SYSTEM Q. Mr. President, there is growing opposition in the State of Nevada to installing the MX missile system there. Will the Federal Government build it there, despite the fact that the citizens don't want it there? THE PRESIDENT. Well, our intention is to build the MX system, part of which will be in Nevada. We are going ahead with our plans for this very vital strategic protection for our country. Historically in our Nation, States have been receptive to defense establishments which provide for the security of our Nation, and I believe that when the issue is clearly understood by the people of your State, and others involved, that they will be receptive to this commitment. 901 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 We are working as closely as possible, both with the congressional delegation, with your Governor, and others, to minimize any adverse effects that it might have on the quality of life in Nevada. And we continue to modify the design to accommodate that goal. But the paramount responsibility that I have as President, and which is shared by the people of this whole country, is for our Nation's security. We cannot let our strategic weapons systems become vulnerable, and without the MX I believe that we will be vulnerable. So, this is of paramount importance, and I do intend to go forward with it. STEEL IMPORTS Q. Mr. President, on the subject of steel-I'm from Pittsburgh, and there is concern there. Granted, we are in a recessionary period now; steelworkers more and more are being laid off. Now there is a bit of a conflict. The administration says that much of the problem facing steel was steel-induced, from their own lack of initiative and modernizing. Steel says not enough support from government. But beyond that, looking down the road, as we try to grapple with steel imports-and we're now around, say, about 18 percent as far as steel imports are concernedlooking down the road 10 years from now, we're in an age of interdependency. Are we going to see the day when we're going to be forced to import large amounts of steel, maybe half of our needs? And if we are, what is the impact going to be on American society? THE PRESIDENT. The answer is no. I don't see any prospect of that at all. I think with the trigger-price mechanism, combined with the other legislation that we've passed-the multilateral trade ne gotiation bill, to expedite the resolution of antidumping claims-we have made considerable progress in our country in the last 2 years. The first year that the trigger-price mechanism was in effect, steel company profits, for instance, were magnified 60-fold. And we still have a substantially lower level of imports from Europe and Japan than we did when this common effort was hammered out between the Government, under me, and also the labor and business representatives of the steel industry. In my opinion, we have also worked out a much better relationship between Environmental Protection Agency and the steel industry. The so-called bubble concept is a much more efficient and less expensive way to deal with the requirements under laws passed by the Congress dealing with air pollution and water pollution, particularly air pollution in this instance. And we've got an increase, as you know, in prospect ahead with the recovery of our economic system after we go through this transition phase. The smaller automobiles will minimize the amount of steel in each car. The average weight, I think, has gone down about 700 pounds per automobile. But I noticed that Tom Murphy, with General Motors, predicted this week that we'll be back up to about 10Y2 million cars being sold this year, which is almost up to the level of the preceding years. But I don't see any prospect for a longrange trend downward in the percentage of steel in this country being produced by American steelplants. The very difficult transition phase to a more modern plant and one that can comply with environmental standards is substantially over, and the quality of American steelworkers and the close relationship that we have be 902 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 tween government and the steel industry, I think, bodes well for the future. The last thing is that we were disappointed when U.S. Steel filed their antidumping suits, but we accommodated this suit. And as you know, the Commerce Department and my administration has been confirmed in its belief that there was a basis for the antidumping suits. We believe that there will be an expeditious resolution of these suits, much quicker than would have been the case before the MTN legislation was passed. Q. That's from the Government side, sir. From the industry side, have they given you assurances? THE PRESIDENT. No special assurances. But I don't have any doubt that the steel industry is committed to making progress in the future. PRESIDENT ANWAR AL-SADAT OF EGYPT Q. Mr. President, could you give us an early assessment of the meaning of President Sadat's consolidation actions in terms of the Palestinian talks and in terms of your administration's efforts to encourage stability in that region? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. I talked to President Sadat early this morning, just after he made his speech to the parliament outlining the new program that he has put forward for the Government of Egypt. His commitment is to democratize the Government of Egypt. One of the things that he'll have is a much broader based cabinet, with 20 members, I understand, and then I think about 30 provincial governors. General Ali, who has been a very forceful and a very effective representative of Egypt in dealing with security matters, will be the chief negotiator in the future. And I asked President Sadat on the phone this morning to make a quick decision to recommence the peace negotiations with Israel. He assured me that he would do so, and my belief is that he will make an announcement tomorrow when he addresses his own parliament about his desire to start the peace talks without further delay. FARM COMMODITY PRICES Q, Mr. President, farmers in my area are concerned that the price that they're getting for their products at the market is not keeping up with their production costs. They say they're losing ground. Despite the agriculture movement's protest here last spring, there doesn't seem to be very much going on helping the farmer. Do you think they're going to continue losing ground? Do you think that the Government will assist them in some way? THE PRESIDENT. Well, of course, we have a very strong target price system and support price system for most elementary crops, basic crops. There's no doubt in my mind that almost every farm organization or farmer leader would agree that the 1977 agricultural act that went into effect the 1st of October of that vear has been a major step in the right direction. It has minimized government intrusion into the life of farmers; it increased substantially the ability of farmers to store their own crops on their farm, with government loans to let them do so; and it's let the farmers benefit from increased prices later, after the harvest season, where the prices are always depressed. In addition to that, we've now built up a substantial reservoir of farm-stored grains, primarily, that can help us accommodate rapidly changing domestic and foreign demands for grain. 903 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 We will see in the future, I think, much more efficient agricultural production. We've got a long way to go in reducing the amount of energy expended per acre and per unit of crop produced, with more dependence on minimum tillage and more dependence on solar heat to dry crops, for instance. In addition, we have passed basic legislation, seminal legislation to permit the expansion of American exports. And even this year, with the restraint on sales of grain to the Soviet Union, we will again set world records for total amounts of American agricultural products exported. I don't think there's any doubt that year by year, with the increasing world population and the decreasing amount of land available for production, particularly in other countries, that the strategic advantage of American agricultural production will become more and more apparent. I see a bright prospect for farmers in the future, both in continued efficiency of American production and also in better export possibilities for our products. Q. But can you say under the present system that the American farmer is getting his equal share of the profit? Food prices increase, yet the market price-[inaudible]-isn't. THE PRESIDENT. I think, compared to 2 or 3 years ago, the farmer gets a lot greater share of increased profits as farm products go up and down on a seasonal basis. In the past, the farmers-particularly the grain farmers-have had to sell their crops because of a lack of farm storage just at harvest time, and any increase in the price later on was channeled into profits for the so-called middleman. Now the farmers get a much better benefit therefrom, and I think the consumers benefit also, because, as you know, when prices go up there's always an exaggerated increase in consumer prices. When farm prices go down, there's been a very slow decrease in prices. So, I would say yes, that the farmers are getting a better portion of farm profits than they did 3 years ago. As a farmer, I wouldn't think they get enough yet. ROBERT L. VESCO Q. Mr. President, the FBI has had undercover agents operating in the Bahamas for several months attempting to bring Robert L. Vesco back into U.S. jurisdiction. I'd like to know if you are aware of this and if they were operating with your authorization. THE PRESIDENT. Ever since I've been in office, we've had a concerted effort made to bring Vesco back to this country for trial. This was particularly focused in Costa Rica when he was there. When the new President came into Costa Rica, Carazo, as you know, Vesco, in effect, had to leave Costa Rica and went to the Bahamas. We still are attempting, through every legal means, to bring Vesco back here for the administration of justice. CUBAN AND HAITIAN REFUGEES Q. Mr. President, being from Florida, many people, especially in the black community, are still very upset as far as the discrepancy that was shown towards the Haitian refugees as compared to treatment of the Cuban refugees. How do we stand on this now? THE PRESIDENT. There's no doubt there was a problem. The distinction, you know, that's been drawn in the Federal courts 904 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 and under the U.S. law is that now, beginning several weeks ago, each case has to be resolved on an individual basis: whether or not the person is seeking asylum or is a political refugee, whether or not the person has a family to whom he or she comes, whether or not they would suffer from political persecution if they were returned to their original homeland. Now we are resolving those issues on a case-by-case basis, strictly in accordance with the law and strictly on a balanced and equitable basis. I don't think that this has always been the case. As you know, the new law only went into effect this year. And the flood of Cuban refugees or asylees being brought here by their family members and by boats that are profiting from the refugees brought in here has exacerbated an already very difficult situation. None of the Cubans being brought in, I don't believe any-very few, if any-are being given refugee status. They are treated as people seeking asylum here. They will be processed on a person-byperson basis and then their final determination of status will be resolved. But I believe I can assure you without any doubt that at this time, the Haitians and Cubans are both being handled by the American authorities on an equitable and fair and equal basis, on a case-by-case basis as far as their ultimate determination is concerned, and strictly in accordance with the American law. PRESIDENT SADAT OF EGYPT Q. I want to follow up on your talk with Sadat. This country, in the past, has run into problems when we've sort of put all our eggs in one basket with a single ruler, as with the Shah of Iran or someone else. Is what Sadat is doing now a move towards spreading the power so that after he's gone, or if something should happen to him, that there won't be some sort of immediate reversal in Egypt? Is that the sense of what that is? THE PRESIDENT. Sadat has moved, as you know, since he's been in office, particularly since I've known him, to give the people of Egypt more and more voice in their own affairs-in the election of members of parliament, in the establishment of political parties, the open elections referenda on key issues, a new constitution. And now this latest move is designed to set up, in effect, a republican form of government, like the Republic of the United States, with provincial governors who will meet periodically to deal with national affairs, representing their own provinces. And I understand-I'm not sure about this-but I understand that the members of the cabinet will meet jointly with the governors periodically. This will be under the chairmanship of the Vice President of Egypt. His name is Mubarak. So, the trend in Egypt has been toward more democracy and more decentralization of the government responsibilities. Sadat is intending, I think, to play a greater role in the administration of domestic programs in Egypt in the months immediately ahead-more than he has in the past. And I think this will make him personally more responsible, more accountable for the successes or failure in economics, for instance, and it'll make him personally accountable, which he desires to be, for the degree of democratization carried out in Egypt. Ultimately, Sadat will be the prime negotiator, as I am in the United States, 905 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 but he has annointed General Ali-who's a very good negotiator-to represent him. So, I think it's a move in the right direction. I don't know the details of it, but Sadat sent me a preview of what he was going to propose by Ambassador Sol Linowitz and then I had the conversation this morning with Sadat after he made his speech to the parliament. PRESIDENT'S PERSONAL ASSESSMENT Q. Mr. President, what are two or three of the most serious errors you've made since you've been in the White House? THE PRESIDENT. Well, it's hard toQ. I realize that's on the negative side. THE PRESIDENT. It is, but I-it's hard for me to say what the most serious ones would have been. I think the lack of close coordination with the Congress at the beginning to lay down a clear agenda and my overoptimism about the speed with which Congress could act on controversial matters was the biggest misjudgment I made. I never dreamed in April of 1977 that when I put forward to the country a comprehensive energy policy and described it, I think accurately, as a moral equivalent of war, that 3 years later we would still be waiting for the final congressional action on that crucial element of American societal structure. We've made good progress, I believe, in international affairs. In retrospect, our overestimation of the Soviets' willingness to accept a drastic cut in nuclear weapons; probably misjudged their inclinationsand it delayed to some degree the SALT II negotiations. Opening up China to friendship, I think, was a very notable achievement, and we've kept our friend ship, as you know, at the same time with Taiwan. In dealing with the Iranian hostage question, I don't know how we could've done much differently from what we have done. We were on the verge of success several times. It's just hard for me to go back and say what was a mistake. I think if anybody could redo history, you would know what other people might have as a reaction better than if you were having to make judgments on a daily basis, looking to the future without knowing what was going to happen. Ms. BARIO.1 Thank you, sir. THE PRESIDENT. I'll take one more. SENATOR ROBERT C. BYRD Q. Mr. President, Senator Byrd-I'm from Martinsburg, West Virginia, where we've had the pleasure of your company. THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I know. Q. Trailing you down one morning at-[inaudible]. Senator Byrd had called for your changing your Rose Garden strategy before you announced it, I believe, in one of his weekend press conferences, and I think he skipped a breakfast here at the White House andTHE PRESIDENT. What was the last thing you said? Q. I had heard that he had skipped a breakfast that he might have attended and made a comment about he'd rather eat with his wife. [Laughter] Is there a problem with Senator Byrd? Is he mad because you didn't tell him about what was going on in Iran? Do you have a breakdown with the Senate Majority Leader? 1 Patricia Y. Bario, Deputy Press Secretary. 906 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 THE PRESIDENT. No, I had breakfast with him this morning. [Laughter] Q. I saw it was on your agenda. Q. Was his wife there? [Laughter] THE PRESIDENT. It was a very pleasant meeting. Senator Byrd has an open news conference, I think, almost every Saturday morning, and he can't control the questions that are asked him by the press. He has a perfect right to comment on the way I conduct my own campaign. His most recent advocation was that I conduct debates with Senator Kennedy during these last few weeks of the primary season. I don't comment on how other people conduct their own campaigns, and I don't know whether Senator Byrd has made a practice of having debates with any challengers that he might have or not. But the relationship between me and Senator Byrd is very good. He's been either the most or among the most effective allies that I have had in the Congress in either House. I told Senator Byrd the last time I met with him privately that there was a general consensus in the White House and in my Cabinet that the strength of his commitment to issues where we shared a common goal had been a very inspirational thing to us and been one of the most significant factors in the success with which we have dealt on a common basis with controversial and difficult matters before the Senate. I think he's shown extremely effective leadership. He's been a Majority Leader admired by both Democrats and Republicans, and he has my admiration and my appreciation. But there are times when he makes a comment concerning how I conduct my own campaign or whether I take a particular action on legislation with which I don't always agree. And I'm sure that I make statements at press conferences when it's unrehearsed, exchange with reporters, that he might not always find to his satisfaction. That's normal in an open democratic process. But he's one of the people in the Congress for whom I have the most admiration and the most appreciation, and he knows that I feel that way. Let me say in closing that I appreciate your questions. They've been good and stimulating, and I hope you've had a good day with some of my staff members and those who work with and advise me. One of the things that Senator Byrd and I both have in common is a great commitment to the rapid expansion of the coal-producing capability of our Nation with a heavy emphasis on exports. Every time I meet with a foreign leader from France or Germany or Denmark or from Japan or otherwise, I emphasize the almost unlimited potential in the future for coal to become a major export item. And we not only help ourselves in some of the areas of our Nation that have been depressed because of bad public policy in the past, but we also help to alleviate the excessive dependence of our country and other countries on the oil from the OPEC nations. So, I think on almost every issue Senator Byrd and I have found ourselves to be in agreement. That's one of the items on which we consult and work with exceptional closeness. Thank you again. NOTE: The interview began at 2:34 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White House. The transcript of the interview was released on May 14. 907 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Department of Health and Human Services Remarks at Inauguration Ceremonies for the Department. May 14,1980 It's a beautiful seal. It's a seal that epitomizes, in my opinion, what the life of Pat Harris means to me as President and to our country and to this Department. The wings of an eagle: aggressive, confident, proud, sheltering those who are young, the aged, the disadvantaged, and the poor. It's an inseparable commitment, one that gives us all a justifiable sense of pride. On the way over here from the White House, Louis Martin 1 was pointing out to me that Pat Harris and you administer the third largest budget in the world. The entire United States budget is the largest; the budget of the Soviet Union is second; and the budget of your new department is the third. And as I met Pat in the reception room just adjacent to this room, she pointed out how impressed foreign leaders are when she tells them and audiences in foreign countries that more than one-third of the total budget of the United States of America goes for human services, to improve the life of the families who are dependent on this new department. To those of you who are the fellow workers of Pat and me in this new department, I want to say that I'm grateful for this day. Today is one of celebration. It's a day of rededication as we inaugurate the new Department of Health and Human Services. The reorganization of the former De'Special Assistant to the President. partment of Health, Education, and Welfare brings a new focus and also will bring new energies to our struggle against poverty, disease, and inequality. It's a time to renew our drive toward goals which are conceived in the heart and the conscience of our country. Today is a time for reflection, to recall the many accomplishments that we've shared in the past, and to remember that our struggle will constantly challenge our imagination and our commitmnent. Forty months ago I came into office representing a commitment by the American people of both compassion and competence, with the belief that these two are inseparable if government is to serve people effectively. I grew up in a region, as did many of you, which was transformed dramatically by this partnership between government and people. In the 1930's, the days of the Great Depression, and in the 1960's, I saw, perhaps more than most, the lives and the hopes of people enriched beyond all expectations by actions of the Federal Government. I was raised by a registered nurse, my mother, who for a lifetime has devoted her talents and her commitments to caring for other people. I remember when I was a child, and when I was an adult as well, that often she would share her own frustrations with me about the inadequate health care and how manyv lives were cut short by common diseases that could not or would not then be prevented. I remember the mortal dangers, when I was a child in Georgia, of diseases like diphtheria and polio and typhus and typhoid, diseases that are now, for most people, only dim memories, because of our medical advances and because of the preventive programs by the Public Health Service. The immunization 908 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 programs 3 years ago were not effective. Dramatic progress has been made by you. My mother was also deeply conscious of the need for progress in making social changes that needed to be made in our part of the country and throughout the Nation to end racial discrimination. We've only to look at the improvements in everyday American life in the past 40 or 50 years to appreciate how far we have come and how much the programs of this department, and others with the same client families, have helped. I came into office pledged to sustain that progress, and I will continue to carry out that commitment along with you. Compared to the last budget of my predecessor in the White House, Federal aid to education, for instance, in our 1981 request, is 73-percent higher; spending for public jobs in the CETA program, administered by the Labor Department, is more than doubled, and the great majority of those jobs now reach those who are most disadvantaged. We've nearly tripled spending for the National Health Service Corps, and increased by half the spending for community health, family planning, Indian health, and disease prevention programs. We've increased aid to mass transit programs by two-thirds; doubled economic development aid grants; increased spending for subsidized housing by more than 75 percent; and doubled spending for the food stamps program. In many departments, dealing with the same families who are primarily dependent on you, we've made this broad progress, of which we can all be proud. Before I took office, the 1976 budget request for women, infants, and children totaled only $142 million. Our 1981 re quest for this program is $860 million. And our 1981 request for those combined programs, and for child nutrition, totals more than $4 billion. This kind of progress, in tangible, financial terms, is often overlooked or even forgotten by those who are directly responsible for the evolution of budgets and the carrying out of the opportunities financed by the budgets. These budget figures show clearly, along with the programs that they finance, that we will never turn our backs on the poor or the disadvantaged; that even during difficult economic times, when budget restraints are very profound and when severe fiscal constraints must be maintained, we will always maintain our commitment to social and to economic justice. In doing this, I might point out, not parenthetically, we have the overwhelming support of the American people. Your programs are popular with the American taxpayers, as well as with those who are not yet able to earn income adequate for the payment of taxes. Despite the call by a few who would want to turn the clock back, Americans have absolutely no intention of throwing away the hard-earned gains of the elderly and the afflicted and the disadvantaged. We are fully committed also to reduced dependency on the government by those who are able to become self-sufficient, with your help. There's nothing that brightens a person's life more than to know that one's own talent or ability has been nurtured and developed to such an extent that that dependency is a thing of the past. Our challenge, especially in this new department, is to build on our progress. 909 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 We still have a long way to go, and we face more years of hard work. We must realize that for a needy family there is no way to separate the problems of unmet health, welfare, hunger, housing, safety, employment, education. transportation, cultural, or social needs. We cannot build a wall around any particular Federal agency to the exclusion of those other agencies who deal with that same person or that same family. And the breaking down of these formerly extant boundaries is a notable achievement of all of you who have served so well in the recent years and the recent months. Your close relationship with constituency groups so that you have a way to assess how good a job you are doing in delivering necessary services, is crucial. And there must never be any isolation of that person whom you serve from a real live role in shaping the policies and improving the delivery of services for which you are responsible. We must reform our welfare system. We must redouble our drive against youth unemployment. We must develop a comprehensive national health plan. Many other items are on the agenda which we face together for the future. Just as fundamental, we must renew the strength and the productivity of an economy that has given us so much and which is challenged now. We've neglected for too long our ability to produce ever more efficiently. The productivity of American workers is the highest on Earth, a factor we often forget. The rate of increase of productivity in our country, however, is exceeded in many other countries. The restoration of that productivity growth is a challenge which we share. We ignored too long energy problems, chronic inflation problems, as if they were someone else's problems to solve. As we renew our economy, remember that we do not seek simply more wealth but a better life for all and a new capacity to provide for basic human needs. We must seek new approaches to solve the difficult problems that remain. In five decades, we've succeeded dramatically in solving problems that once reduced people to a hard, mean existence. To make further progress is our challenge today. When Lyndon Johnson was launching the Great Society in 1964, he said this to his Cabinet, and I quote: "... as a Government, we must get the most out of every dollar of scarce resources, reforming old programs and using those savings for new programs...." We have an even greater responsibility for that today. We must sustain and improve those programs that brought us this far, but also add new approaches to carry us further. We must be forever restless, never satisfied, and innovative-not afraid to try new ideas. We must have a coordinated effort between government at all levels and between private institutions of all kinds. That coordination is important, but there is one group of Americans who must retain the lead: That group is you. The programs in this new department and elsewhere are the only refuge for many millions of Americans. Their sustenance, their hopes, their dreams for the future depend greatly on how faithfully and effectively we adapt to change and thus carry out our commitment to them. Hubert Humphrey once said, "The moral test of government is how that government treats those who are in the dawn 910 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 of life-the children; those who are in the twilight of life-the elderly; and those in the shadows of life-the sick, the needy, and the unemployed." That moral test is the challenge of this new department, and I both congratulate you on this day and pledge that together you and I will redouble our efforts to meet that noble challenge expressed so well by Hubert Humphrey. Thank you very much. God bless you all. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:27 a.m. in the Hubert H. Humphrey Building auditorium. Prior to his remarks, the President and Secretary of Health and Human Services Patricia Roberts Harris unveiled the Department's new seal. National Cancer Advisory Board Appointment of Six Members. May 14, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of six persons as members of the National Cancer Advisory Board. They are: ROBERT C. HICKEY, executive vice president and director, professor of surgery, and a practicing surgeon at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute; J. GALE KATTERHAGEN, a Tacoma, Wash., physician and director of the Department of Oncology at Tacoma General Hospital; ROSE KUSHNER, executive director of the Breast Cancer Advisory Center, and author of numerous books and articles about breast cancer and other medical and general subjects; ANN LANDERS, the syndicated columnist; LASALLE D. LEFFALL, JR., professor and chairman of the Department of Surgery at Howard University College of Medicine; WILLIAM E. POWERS, professor of radiation oncology at Wayne State University School of Medicine and director of the Central Radiation Therapy Facility at Detroit Medical Center. Federal National Mortgage Association Appointment of Five Members of the Board of Directors. May 14, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of five persons as members of the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA). They are: DARRALYN C. BOWERS, of Detroit, executive vice president of Bowers Realty. She is chairman of the Black Caucus of the National Association of Realtors and serves on the Detroit Civic Center Commission and the Faculty of Realtors, National Marketing Institute Division of the National Association of Realtors. MARVIN S. GILMAN, of Wilmington, Del., executive vice president of Leon N. Weiner & Associates and an associate professor of urban affairs and public policy at the University of Delaware. Gilman is active in the National Association of Home Builders and has served on the board of the National Committee against Discrimination in Housing. He has been on the FNMA board since 1977. HENRY A. HUBSCHMAN, of Washington, D.C., an attorney with the Washington firm of Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Kampelman. He was previously executive assistant to then-Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Patricia Roberts Harris. Hubschman has served on the FNMA board since 1979. RAYMOND H. LAPIN, of Sausalito, Calif., president and chairman of the board of R. H. Lapin Co., of San Francisco, a mortgage finance firm. He served as first President and Chairman of the Board of FNMA and presided over the semi-privatization of FNMA in 1968. He also served as President of the Government National Mortgage Association in 1968. 911 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 ROBERT H. MCKINNEY, of Indianapolis, an attorney and chairman of the First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Indianapolis. He is chairman and chief executive officer of Jefferson Corporation and a number of its subsidiaries. McKinney was Chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board from 1977 to 1979. Corporation for Public Broadcasting Message to the Congress Transmitting a Report. May 14, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: I hereby transmit the "Annual Report of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting for FY 1979," in accordance with the Public Telecommunications Financing Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-567). The Corporation's thorough report presents its major accomplishments during the past fiscal year in support of public radio and television broadcasting, technological change including satellite advances, and achievements in human resource development. The report notes the Corporation's vigorous response to the challenge provided by the Public Telecommunications Financing Act of 1978. The Annual Report is being forwarding for the deliberations of the Congress. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 14, 1980. Cuban Refugees Remarks to Reporters Announcing Administration Policy Toward the Refugees. May 14, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to make a statement to you and to the Nation about the extremely critical problem with the Cuban citizens who are escaping from their country and coming to our shores in a very haphazard and dangerous way. Tens of thousands of Cubans are fleeing the repression of the Castro regime under chaotic and perilous conditions. Castro himself has refused to permit them a safe and orderly passage to the United States and to other countries who are also willing to receive them. Repeated international efforts to resolve this crisis have been rejected or ignored by the Cuban Government. At least seven people have died on the high seas. The responsibility for those deaths and the threat of further loss of life rests on the shoulders of Fidel Castro, who has so far refused to cooperate with us, with those escaping his regime, or with other countries in establishing a legal and orderly procedure for dealing with this Cuban problem. In keeping with the laws and traditions of our own country, the United States has provided a safe haven for many of these people who have arrived on our shores. Since the beginning of this crisis we have been operating under three basic principles: first, to treat the escaping Cubans with decency, fairness, and humanity; second, to observe and to enforce the existing United States law; and third, to work with other countries and with international organizations to develop an orderly and legal solution to this very painful human dilemma. That is still our fundamental approach. But now we must take additional steps to end Cuba's inhumane actions and to bring safety and order to a process that continues to threaten lives. Therefore we will implement a five-point program to permit safe and orderly passage from 912 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 Cuba for those people who sought freedom in the U.S. Interest Section in Havana, first of all; for political prisoners who have been held by Castro for many years; for those who sought a haven of freedom in the Peruvian Embassy, some of whom are still being held there; and for close family members of Cuban Americans who live in this country and who have permanent resident status. Those four categories will be given priority in their authorization to come to our country. First, we are ready to start an airlift and a sealift for these screened and qualified people to come to our country, and for no other escapees from Cuba. We will provide this airlift and sealift to our country and to other countries as well, just as soon as the Cubans accept this offer. The U.S. Government will have aircraft ready and will immediately charter ships-one of which will be standing by in Key West-to bring the first group of Cubans, after they are screened, to our country. These ships and the Key West planes will be ready to go to Cuba to receive properly screened Cubans for entry to the United States and to other countries, to help in their resettlement. To ensure legality and order, all people will have to be screened before departure from Cuba. We will work with the Congress, the Cuban American community, interested nations, and the Cuban Government to determine the total number of people that we will receive, both on a monthly basis and during the next 12 months. Second, tomorrow we will open a family registration center in Miami, and later perhaps in other communities, to begin receiving the names of people who are eligible for immigration to our Nation be cause they are close members of Cuban American families who have permanent residence here. Third, the Coast Guard is now communicating with all boats who are en route to Cuba and those in Mariel Harbor in Cuba, to urge them to return to the United States without accepting additional passengers. No new trips to Cuba by these unauthorized boats should be started. Those who comply with this request or command will have nothing to fear from the law, but we will ensure that the law is obeyed. Persons who violate this requirement and who violate U.S. immigration custom laws by traveling to Cuba to pick up additional passengers will be subject to civil fines and to criminal prosecution. Furthermore, boats used to bring people unlawfully to this country will be seized. I have directed the various law enforcement agencies to take additional steps as necessary to assure that this policy and the law are obeyed. Fourth, in an unprecedented and irresponsible act, Castro has taken hardened criminals out of prison and forced some of the boatowners who have gone to Cuba from our country to bring these criminals back to the United States. Thus far over 400 such persons have been detained. I have instructed the Attorney General to commence exclusion proceedings immediately for these criminals and others who represent any danger to our country. We will ask also appropriate international agencies to negotiate their return to Cuba. These steps are fully consistent with the consensus which was reached by 22 nations and 7 international organizations in the San Jose Conference on May 8 this last week. In addition, the Secretary of 913 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 State will continue consultation with other nations to determine additional steps that the international community can take to resolve this problem. We will seek the help of the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and other international organizations as well. The Cuban American community has, of course, contributed much to Miami, to Florida, and to our own country. I respect the deep desire to reunite divided families. In the interest of that great and valiant ethnic community and in the interest of our country, we will continue to work closely with the Cuban American community to bring about a safe and orderly resolution of this crisis. I continue to be greatly concerned about the treatment of Haitians who have also come to this country recently on small boats. I've instructed all appropriate Federal agencies to treat the Haitians now here in the same, exact, humane manner as we treat Cubans and others who seek asylum in this country. Our laws never contemplated and do not adequately provide for people coming to our shores directly for asylum the way the Cubans and the Haitians have done recently. I will work closely with the Congress to formulate a long-term solution to this problem and to determine the legal status of the boat people once this current emergency is under control. Now the Attorney General and Stu Eizenstat, Jack Watson and others will be available to answer your specific questions about this new policy, an approach which I think will be successful in resolving this dilemma. REPORTER. Sir, will you take a question? Do you thinkTHE PRESIDENT. Sarah [Sarah McClendon, McClendon News Service], I'll take one question. Q. this will be a damaging issue in the campaign? THE PRESIDENT. I don't know about how it will affect the campaign. We've had this as a very serious problem now for several weeks. We've tried to deal with it in accordance with our laws, with custom, with traditions, and of course in a humane fashion, and also have tried to work, both with Castro, unsuccessfully, and with other nations and international organizations. We've done the best we could. This is a much firmer and more consistent approach, and in my judgment, after advising with all of my Cabinet advisers involved and with the international organizations as well and with the Congress, I believe this will resolve this problem in a legal, orderly, safe, humane, and proper fashion. Q. Do you think that Castro will go along with it? THE PRESIDENT. I don't have that assurance. Q. But if he doesn't go along with it it's stopped, period? THE PRESIDENT. We'll carry out our part of the policy as I described it. NOTE: The President spoke at 4:35 p.m. in the Briefing Room at the White House. Following the President's remarks, Attorney General Benjamin R. Civiletti, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Jack H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, held a news conference on the Cuban refugee policy. Cuban Refugees White House Statement on the Administration Policy Toward the Refugees. May 14, 1980 After consultations with senior advisers and with Congress, and in the spirit of the 914 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 14 San Jose Conference, the President has decided to take the following steps to welcome the Cuban refugees in a legal and orderly process: 1. We are prepared to start an airlift or a sealift immediately as soon as President Castro accepts this offer. Our Government is chartering two large, seaworthy ships, which will go to Key West to stand by, ready to go to Cuba. To ensure a legal and orderly process, all people will have to be screened before departure from Cuba. Priority will be given to political prisoners, to close relatives of U.S. permanent residents, and to persons who sought freedom in the Peruvian Embassy and in our Interest Section last month. In the course of our discussions with the Congress and with the Cuban American community, the international community, and the Cuban Government, we will determine the number of people to be taken over the next 12 months. We will fulfill our humanitarian responsibilities, and we hope other governments will adjust their previous pledges to resettle Cuban refugees to take into account the larger problem that has developed. This will provide a safe and orderly way to accommodate Cubans wishing to enter the United States. 2. Tomorrow, we will open a Family Registration Office in Miami to receive the names of close Cuban relatives of U.S. permanent residents who will be eligible for immigration. 3. The Coast Guard is now communicating with these vessels illegally enroute to or from Cuba and those already in Mariel Harbor to tell them to return to the United States without taking Cubans on board. If they follow this directive, they have nothing to fear from the law. We will do everything possible to stop these illegal trips to Cuba. We will take the following steps to ensure that the law is obeyed: (a) The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) will continue to issue notices of intent to fine those unlawfully bringing Cubans to this country. As fines become due, they will be collected. (b) All vessels currently and unlawfully carrying Cubans to this country will henceforth be seized by the Customs Service. (c) Anyone who tampers with or seeks to move a ship to Cuba which has been seized will be subject to separate criminal prosecution. (d) The Coast Guard will continue to review each vessel that returns to the United States for violations of boat safety law. Those found to be in gross violation of the law will be subject to criminal prosecution and additional fines. Furthermore, boats which are found to be safety hazards will be detained. (e) Any individual who has been notified by INS for unlawfully bringing Cubans into the country and who makes another trip will be subject to criminal prosecution, and the boat used for such a repeat trip will be seized for forfeiture proceedings. (f) Law enforcement agencies will take additional steps, as necessary, to implement this policy and to discourage the unlawful boat traffic to Cuba. 4. Castro has taken hardened criminals out of prison and mental patients out of hospitals and has forced boatowners to take them to the United States. Thus far, over 400 such prisoners have been de 915 May 14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 tained. We will not permit our country to be used as a dumping ground for criminals who represent a danger to our society, and we will begin exclusion proceedings against these people at once. 5. These steps will make clear to the Government of Cuba our determination to negotiate an orderly process. This is the mission of the three-government delegation established by the San Jose Conference last week. Our actions are intended to promote an international solution to this problem. We intend to continue our consultations with the participants of the San Jose Conference and consider additional steps the international community shouLld take to resolve this problem. In summary, the United States will welcome Cubans, seeking freedom, in accordance with our laws, and we will pursue every avenue to establish an orderly and regular flow. The President continues to be greatly concerned about the Haitians who have been coming to this country on small boats. He has instructed appropriate Federal agencies to receive the Haitians in the same manner as others seeking asylum. However, our laws never contemplated and do not provide adequately for people coming to our shores in the manner the Cubans and Haitians have. We will work closely wvith the Congress to formulate a long-term solution to this problem and to determine the legal status of these "boat people" after the current emergency situation is controlled. The Cuban American community has contributed much to Miami, the State of Florida, and to our country. The President understands the deep desire to reunite families which has led to this situation. He calls upon the Cuban American community to end the boat flotilla and help bring about a safe and orderly resolution to this crisis. Small Business Week, 1980 Remarks on Receiving the Report of the White House Commission on Small Business and Presenting the Small Business Person Awards. May 15, 1980 First of all, I want to thank Chairman Arthur Levitt and our Small Business Administration Director, Vernon Weaver, Congressman Neal Smith and other representatives of the Congress who are here, and all those participants who have joined with us on this very exciting and beautiful, and, I think, inspirational occasion. There are times when I look upon the small business community with a great deal of-not only fond affection and memories but with yearning. [Laughter] And then I remember the accounts receivables and the equipment broken down in the midst of a crisis and the struggle to balance books at the end of the month, and I see all the advantages again of being a President of our great country. [Laughter] There's no doubt in my mind that the small business conference and the way it was handled has been one of the major forces in strengthening the American economy and our free enterprise system. As a small businessman myself, I saw before entering national politics a great need for us to reassess the tremendous assets available to our Nation in the small business community, in all its breadth, and also to resolve some of the problems that 916 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 15 have afflicted us for too long: restraints on the dynamism that's inherent within the entrepreneurial system, where we value innovation and the independence but the collective strength of those engaged in small business. In 1977, after talking to Senator Nelson and to Neal Smith and others, I issued an Executive order establishing the procedure for the Small Business White House Conference. And following that, under the leadership of those who are assembled here with me, there were meetings and forums and discussions held in all of the 50 States, and of course in some of the territories as well. They led up to a very carefully prepared conference. And now this report to me, just delivered by the Chairman, contain, I understand, 60 recommendations, which will be assessed very carefully, some of which are already being pursued for consummation. This report will be a milestone, and there's no doubt in my mind that at the end of this assessment period, when we are working together, not only with those assembled here but with the Congress and the other members of the business and labor community in our country, that we'll come back in 1982 with a good assessment of dynamism and progress. I expect to be here to participate in that assessment, hopefully not as a small businessman. [Laughter] But who knows? That's a judgment for the American people to make. I wanted to take a few minutes to express to you, from the perspective of the Oval Office just to my right, some of the changes that are taking place very rapidly in the American economy, because all of you are part of it. Just a few months ago it became ob vious to me that the intense pressures of rapidly rising inflation and interest rates were crippling the American economy. Early in March, after meeting extensively with a large number of the key congressional leaders, we embarked upon an antiinflation program whose implications had very far-reaching potential effect. The Congress urged me, for instance, to take these steps, and we jointly agreed. The pressures of a political election year are now working counter to the realization of those common commitments. But in spite of that we've made good progress. We've seen a precipitous drop in recent days and weeks in interest rates. The bond market has been reestablished in its stable condition with a maximum degree of integrity. Some interest rates are actually lower now, as you know, than they were 12 months ago; and others are coming down quite rapidly. Mortgage interest rates, the prime rate are dropping more than 1 percent a week, and we hope that this downward trend will continue. We have early indications that the inflation rate is also being alleviated, and we believe that during these coming summer months we will have substantial progress to report when the Consumer Price Indexes are made public. At the same time, however, it's inevitable that with this change will come the pressures of a recession, and we must all work together to minimize the adverse consequences of that change. Carefully targeted Federal programs, combined with a commitment by the private sector, can help to alleviate the pressures toward extremely high unemployment rates. We must make these common efforts more successful. 917 70-808 0 - 81 May 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 At the same time, we're dealing with a root cause of our economic problems, and that is excessive dependence on imported oil. We now expect that for 1980 we will send to foreign countries $90 billion in American money to pay for their oil. This is too much. It amounts to about $400 for every man, woman, and child in the United States. Americans have made some progress. The first 5 months of this year we actually reduced oil imports by 1 million barrels of oil per day, a 12-percent drop in oil imports. But the pressures to discontinue this progress are tremendous, because it does require political courage in the Congress and in the executive branch, and it also requires some degree of sacrifice on the part of the American people. For instance, when the congressional leaders came to see me in the Cabinet Room early in March, they asked me to impose an oil conservation fee amounting to 10 cents per gallon on gasoline. Now pressures on them are tending to reverse that action. This will undoubtedly result in a much higher level of OPEC oil prices during the coming months, and it will tend to make our allies and other major consuming nations reverse, perhaps, or stop their additional commitment to intense conservation measures. It's a small price to pay. I took the action unilaterally; no congressional action was necessary. Now there are pressures in the Congress to take legal action to stop the imposition of this conservation fee. We jointly committed ourselves to a balanced budget. That was a clear, public commitment by the Congress, both Democrats and Republicans, and myself, to the American people. In recent days, we have seen disturbing signs in the Congress that this commitment to a balanced budget might be in danger. Again, political pressures are intense, and I know from experience-because on occasion I've been on the opposite side-that when the small business community is organized, your voice is a powerful one in this Nation's Capital. And I hope that you will combine your efforts with my own to maintain these commitments to a responsible, effective economic policy for our Nation that will let us find our way successfully through this economic crisis brought about by extremely rapid increases in energy prices. We are trying to deregulate your lives and to get the Government's nose out of your business to the maximum degree possible. It's a commitment that we've had together. The Senate has already passed a trucking deregulation bill. If the House will pass the same bill, it will mean that American consumers will save $8 billion per year in transportation costs. We are already benefiting from the deregulation of the airline industry, the communication and telecommunications industry, banking and the finance industry, the railroad industry. We've made this progress already. And as we've assessed deregulation commitments, we've identified 138 different elements of possibilities wherein the Government can reduce its intrusion into your lives. We've done this without any derogation to the protection of the safety and health of the workers who are employed by you. Let me say in closing that ours is a common commitment. There is no way to separate government from your lives, nor 918 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 15 is there any way to separate your involvement from a successful government effort. It works both ways. And this common realization of an inevitable partnership in a free nation where a democracy prevails, where we believe in the free enterprise system and value each human life and the innovation and dynamism of it, the entrepreneurial experience on which we make plans for the future-these commitments are interrelated. Vernon Weaver, this fine commission that worked under Arthur Levitt, the Members of the Congress who have been so intensely involved in the strengthening of a small business community, the President, and all of you share a common goal: to make sure that we make our Nation stronger and realize that historically we have always proven that in a time of test, in a time of rapid change, in a time of challenge, our country has never failed. And almost invariably-I can't think of any exceptions-when we have been tested severely, we have not only met that challenge successfully, but we have come out from it stronger and better and more united as a nation. That's my conviction concerning the results of this present transitional phase, where we are accommodating for the first time in Americans' lives a restraint on unlimited energy sources. We can produce more energy ourselves, and we can conserve the energy that we use and, therefore, make our country stronger and more united to face the future. It's hard to select leaders from among you, because small business men and women have always been leaders. You've always been willing to take a chance. You've always been willing to face competition and, if successful, then, of course, you made a better community as well as a better family for yourselves. Today I would like to recognize with Vernon Weaver's help, the small business persons of the year, chosen from among very fine other members of the community, almost any one of whom could have been recognized as outstanding. Vernon? First, I'd like to recognize the two runners-up in the competition for the outstanding small business person of the entire Nation, and I'd like to read the citations: "The United States of America, Small Business Administration, presents the 1980 Small Business Person of the Year Award, National Second Place, to V. Scott Ankeny, Blue Earth, Minnesota." Mr. Ankeny is the head of the TAFCO Equipment Company in Blue Earth, Minnesota, and he exemplifies "the imagination, initiative, independence, and integrity by which the American small business person makes a vital contribution to the Nation, to the economy, and to the free enterprise system." Signed Vernon Weaver, Administrator, Small Business Administration, May 15, 1980. I particularly want to recognize his wife, Audrey, who's probably responsible for his winning the award-[laughter]if my own family experience is any guide. Now I'd like to ask Cletus Ernster to come forward, and I'd like to read the citation also: "The United States of America, Small Business Administration, presents the 1980 Small Business Person of the Year Award, National Third Place, to Cletus P. Ernster, Cuero, Texas, for exemplifying the imagination, initiative, independence, and integrity by which the American small business person makes a vital contribution 919 May 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 to the Nation, to the economy, and to the free enterprise system," again signed Vernon Weaver. Congratulations to you, Cletus, and his wife, Kathleen. He's the president of the Gulf Coast Products Company. And now, I'd like to offer double congratulations to the winner of the national first place award: "The United States of America, Small Business Administration, presents the 1980 Small Business Person of the Year Award, National First Place, to George Thomas Spalding, Monroe City, Missouri." And his wife, Eva Jo. I would also like to point out that Mr. Spalding is the president of the Diemakers, Incorporated, Monroe City, and this happens to be his 47th birthday today. In closing my part of the ceremony, let me say that I'll do the best I can working with these three award winners, with Vernon Weaver and all the members of the Commission, who've done such an outstanding job, and with all of you and those you represent throughout the country to carry out as best we can the recommendations made by the White House conference, which was held early this year. And I have no doubt that after 2 years of hard work by all of us and with the inspiration of the ideals that have made our country so great, we will be successful in making it even greater in the future. Thank you very much. Congratulations again. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:49 a.m. at the ceremony in the Rose Garden al: the White House. Arthur Levitt, Jr., is Chairman of the White House Commission on Small Business. The report is entitled "Report to the President: America's Small Business EconomyAgenda for Action, by the White House Commission on Small Business, April 1980" (Government Printing Office, 128 pages). 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow Statement on the Federal Republic of Germany's Decision To Boycott the Games. May 15,1980 We welcome the courageous decision of the West German Olympic Committee to refuse to participate in the Moscow Olympic games. The committee, the West German Government, and the people of West Germany deserve the admiration of all those throughout the world who believe in peace and freedom and who recognize that the achievement of these goals sometimes requires painful sacrifices. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is a serious blow to peace and freedom. We hope that the other Olympic committees of Western Europe will follow the advice of their own governments and join with the West German Olympic Committee, in demonstrating their opposition to Soviet aggression. Imports of Color Television Receiver Subassemblies Proclamation 4759. May 15,1980 MODIFICATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ORDERLY MARKETING AGREEMENT AND THE TEMPORARY QUANTITATIVE LIMITATION ON THE IMPORTATION INTO THE UNITED STATES OF COLOR TELEVISION RECEIVERS AND CERTAIN SUBASSEMBLIES THEREOF By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation On January 26, 1979, by Proclamation 4634, I proclaimed pursuant to the Con 920 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 15 stitution and the statutes of the United States, including section 203 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2253) (the Trade Act), certain temporary quantitative limitations on the importation into the United States of color television receivers and certain subassemblies thereof, provided for in items 923.74 through 923.83, inclusive, of the Tariff Schedules of the United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202). Exports to the United States of color television receiver subassemblies, provided for in item 923.78, and subject to Proclamation 4634, fell considerably below the restraint level established by that Proclamation for the first restraint period. The existing carryover provision would allow an increase in the quantity to be entered during the second restraint period of only 29,700 units of such subassemblies. In the interest of equity, this Proclamation will increase the allowable carryover by 5,300 units to 35,000 units. The total number of such subassemblies exported to the United States and entered during the fifteen months covered by Proclamation 4634 will remain less than the number originally contemplated by that Proclamation. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, in order to assure equitable treatment under Proclamation 4634 and acting under the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the statutes of the United States, including section 203 of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253), and in accordance with Article XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (61 Stat. (pt. 5) A58; 8 U.S.T. (pt. 2) 1786) do proclaim that Subpart A, part 2 of the Appendix to the TSUS is modified as set forth in the Annex to this proclamation. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER ANNEX Headnote 5(e) of subpart A, part 2, of the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of the United States (19 U.S.C. 1202) is modified to read as follows: "(e) Carryover.-If the restraint level for any item has not been filled for a restraint period, upon appropriate request, the shortfall may be entered under the same item during the following restraint period provided that the amount of shortfall so entered in the next restraint period for (a) item 923.74 does not exceed 11 percent of the restraint level for the restraint period during which the shortfall occurred, (b) item 923.78 does not exceed 35,000 units, and (c) item 923.81 does not exceed 10 percent of the restraint level for the restraint period in which the shortfall occurred." [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:50 p.m., May 15, 1980] Equal Rights Amendment Remarks at a White House Briefing. May 15, 1980 Twenty years ago it would not have been possible to get this many business leaders, men and women, to play an active role in passing a constitutional amendment to give women equal rights in this country. Two years ago it would not have 921 May 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 been possible. And I hope that 2 years in the future it will not be necessary; that we'll not only be celebrating a tremendous victory for women in this Nation but also celebrating a victory for our country. It will be a bright day when no longer do we have to expend our energy and our organizational talent, our political and personal influence, to bring about justice for women in a nation founded on the principle of equality and justice, but that we'll be benefiting from the tremendous new spirit and energy and talent released by women, who will be enjoying for the first time the kind of opportunities from which they have been excluded in the past. In the midst of all of the rhetoric and distortions that are put forward by the opponents of ERA, it's important to realize that 35 States have already expressed their determination to have equality of treatment for women in this country. The Congress has voted repeatedly that this change in the Constitution should be made, and of course an overwhelming majority of American people, in every public opinion poll conducted, say that discrimination against women should be ended and the equal rights amendment should be passed. It's almost unbelievable, were we not witnessing it ourselves, the deliberate attempts to distort a simple proposition. Those attempts have been remarkably successful. And when you realize once again that the equal rights amendment calls for this simple language to be added to the U.S. Constitution, it's almost startling: "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex"-a simple proposition. When you hear all the arguments and all the fears aroused and all the rhetoric and all the concerns expressed, you wonder whether the critics of ERA have even read the recommended amendment. The past six men who have lived in this house and served as President have all recognized publicly and consistently the need for the equal rights amendment. Both the Democratic and Republican Party platforms in 1976 endorsed the equal rights amendment. Equal rights is more than just equality of pay; it's an opportunity to receive an equal education, equal training, equal job opportunities, equal treatment under the law, equal access to the kind of realization of the use of talent which God has given us all, and a sense among men and women that the time for official, legally condoned discrimination has been eliminated in our country. This kind of continued discrimination is a source of embarrassment and a legitimate source of shame for those who are responsible for the Nation's affairs. It's almost unbelievable that the ERA has not yet been ratified. As Commander in Chief of our Armed Forces, I have seen at firsthand the tremendous benefit derived in all the military forces from the service of women. This is not a supreme test, but a very significant test, of the quality of women who serve as mechanics and pilots and radio operators. They serve, as a matter of fact, in 92 percent of all the military billets available in the Army, Navy, Marines, and Air Force. It's a stunning figure, but it should come as no surprise because we have found-again, somewhat to chauvinistic men's embarrassmentthat women in the all-voluntary force are 922 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 15 both better educated and more productive than the men volunteers. Another area that we are pursuing in the Government is to provide some alleviation of discrimination that has existed in the past with businesses which are owned and operated by women. We had a White House conference to delineate what I might do as President, through Executive order, and what Congress might do through changes in the law, to provide for the first time equality of treatment in the awarding, for instance, of procurement in women's businesses. We set a goal that we thought was very forthcoming and very courageous for 1979. And we not only exceeded that goal in 1979, but we also exceeded in 1979 the goal for 1980. So now we have been surprised at the aggression that the women business leaders have shown in competing for procurement contracts, but also the high quality of their businesses in meeting the high standards for procurement that we did not anticipate. And today I'm setting a new goal for this fiscal year of $212 million, and for '81 of $400 million in procurement, just in women's organizations. There are some long-range sociological facts that we must recognize. In the future we will need women leaders, women employees, in a more rapidly changing, highly technological society. It's not only fair, but it's essential. As a matter of fact, fewer and fewer men in the next few years will be entering the labor force. By 1995, based on presently known birth rate projections, the number of males from 15 to 29 years old will have dropped from 30 million now down to 25 million. To find workers, industry will be forced to turn to women, and we simply must break down the present barriers that prevent women, on an equal basis, from getting the training and the education and the employment opportunities that they deserve. The women will not be the only ones to suffer. American business will suffer, the American economy will suffer, and our Nation itself will suffer from the deprivation of women of their rights. At this time women comprise 43 percent of the Nation's workforce. Almost one-fourth of all the households in the United States are headed by women. In spite of discrimination, these figures show how women have been able to overcome obstacles and assume a major role in the American societal structure. But in some States the laws are pitifully antiquated, inadequate, inequitable, and unprofitable for the people who live in those particular States. A woman's rights in connection with property, employment, education, the law, government benefits can vary depending on what State she happens to live in. Most Americans believe, if you ask them, that women ought to be treated equally. But now is not the time just to talk about it. Action is required. I'm the father of a little girl, and I'm the grandfather of a little girl. And I want them to have the same kind of opportunities that my sons and my grandsons have. If I felt that my wife, Rosalynn, or my daughter, Amy, or my granddaughter, Sarah, were cheated, I would be willing to fight to protect their interest. But, as President, I know that many wives and daughters and granddaughters are cheated now. 923 May 15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 That's why I consider it necessary for me to take time, as President, to try to talk personally to members of the Illinois Legislature and to Democratic and Republican leaders, including the Governor, to try to induce that key State to be the next one to ratify the equal rights amendment. There is not a single person in this room, whether you're from Georgia or California or Maine or live here in the District of Columbia, who can't add your own voice effectively to the decision that will be made very shortly in Illinois. You have friends in Illinois, influence in Illinois, and we only need one or two or three votes to carry the successful effort to a conclusion in the house of representatives and then in the senate. And I hope that in the next few days you will concentrate your effort, even in a sacrificial way, and make 15 or 20 or 30 or 40 telephone calls into Illinois if you have a particular friend who knows someone or is in the legislature to let your influence be felt. The main obstacle to the ratification of the ERA in Illinois and in Georgia and in the other States that have not yet made this decision is the allegation that it is only supported by radical kinds of people. And the question of homosexuality and the question of abortion and religious beliefs and the sharing of restrooms and the destruction of families-these artificial arguments are put forward, and they can best be knocked down by a person who's known to be sound and committed and balanced and patriotic, with a stable family and a good job. Those are the kinds of people who must speak out. And the religious leaders in Illinois, and the mothers in Illinois, and the labor leaders in Illinois, and the business leaders in Illinois and in all those States are the ones that can knock down these false allegations that influence adversely some of the members of the State legislatures in the nonratified States. And if the president of a major corporation simply calls a member of the Georgia or the Illinois Legislature and says, "I speak to you as a businessman interested in the future of my country, and I ask you to help us ratify the equal rights amendment for the benefit of all," it will have a major impact-if you've never seen that person and they've never heard of you, but perhaps heard of your company. So, in addition to financial contributions and organizational efforts, I hope that you will add your voice to the influence of all the rest of us in getting ERA ratified, first in Illinois and then in two more States. This is a major, immediate test, and I hope that if you don't get any other message in coming to the White House, that you will take that personal request from me to help us have a successful effort in Illinois within the next few days. In closing, let me say this: Since our Nation was founded, we have been courageous in self-analysis and self-criticism. If you examine the picture of the United States that was in the mind of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, it was not nearly so good a picture as we see now-black people were slaves, discrimination was acknowledged and condoned, Americans could not vote for their own United States Senator directly, women could not vote. And laboriously and with the expenditure of a great deal of courage, we've made incremental progress. 924 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 16 In my judgment, the last remaining official element of discrimination imbedded in the American law is against women. And I hope that we can be successful in removing this deprivation of rights, which is presently still condoned in U.S. law, and guarantee under the Constitution that equality will indeed come to our country finally, once and for all. It will not only benefit women, but it will benefit every person who now lives or will live in our great country. And I feel a partnership with you. I'll do my part and then some, and I'm asking you to do your part and a little bit more. Together we won't fail. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:21 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. The briefing was attended by leaders of business and women's organizations. United States-Cyprus Convention on Taxation and Fiscal Evasion Message to the Senate Transmitting the Convention. May 16, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for the advice and consent of the Senate to ratification, the Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Cyprus for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, together with a related- exchange of notes, signed at Nicosia on March 26, 1980. For the information of the Senate, I also transmit the report of the Department of State with respect to the Convention. The Convention generally follows the pattern of the United States model income tax convention, with certain departures to accommodate aspects of Cypriot law. In addition, special provisions included in the Convention assure that any concessions granted by the United States accrue to the benefit only of residents of Cyprus and not to third country residents. The Convention also provides that the business profits of a resident of one country may be taxed by the other only if they are attributable to a permanent establishment in the other country. In addition, an individual who is a resident of one state may be taxed by the other state on income from personal services performed in the other if certain tests are met relating to the nature of his preference in that other country. I recommend that the Senate give early and favorable consideration to the Convention and advice and consent to its ratification. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 16, 1980. Presidential Scholars Announcement of the Selection of 141 Students as Presidential Scholars of 1980. May 16, 1980 The President today announced the Presidential Scholars for 1980. They are 141 graduating high school seniors, chosen on the basis of academic achievement, leadership, community involvement, and demonstrated excellence in the areas of visual and performing arts or creative writing. The Scholars will visit 925 May 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Washington from June 29 to July 2, 1980, as guests of the White House and the Department of Education. The Presidential Scholars program, established by Executive order in 1964, annually honors one boy and one girl from each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Americans living abroad, and 35 students selected at large. The students, from both public and private schools, are initially identified through scores on precollege examinations nationally administered in secondary schools. The scholars are selected by the Commission on Presidential Scholars, a panel of private citizens from a variety of fields, who serve without compensation. During their visit to Washington, the Scholars will receive Presidential Scholars medallions in a White House ceremony. They will also attend seminars with authorities in many fields, meet with their elected officials, and visit historic sites. The Scholars receive no financial award. The 1980 Presidential Scholars are: Alabama WILLIAM S. LUCAS, Grissom High School, Huntsville FRANK H. MCFADDEN, JR., the Altamont School, Birmingham ROBIN K. JOHNSON, Muscle Shoals High School, Muscle Shoals KATHLEEN A. MOORE (of Huntsville), Alabama School of Fine Arts, Birmingham Alaska CLINTON L. MCDADE, East Anchorage High School, Anchorage ELIZABETH S. ARGETSINGER, Dimond Mears High School, Anchorage Arizona PAUL W. DAVIS, Rincon High School, Tucson MARK TEMPLER, Tempe High School, Tempe MARTHA A. MATTHEWS, Special Projects High School, Tucson Arkansas HENRY G. COOK, Alma High School, Alma ROOSEVELT L. THOMPSON, Central High School, Little Rock ELIZABETH A. LEVY, Northeast Senior High School, N. Little Rock California KENNETH H. BOOKSTEIN, La Jolla High School, La Jolla CHRISTOPHER T. MASON, Phineas Banning High School, Wilmington NED S. WINGREEN (of Studio City), Oakwood School, N. Hollywood JOAN P. HOTELLING, Adolfo Camarillo High School, Camarillo Colorado TODD C. CARPENTER, Cherry Creek Senior High School, Englewood SUSAN G. STEADE, Fort Collins High School, Fort Collins Connecticut ADAM J. TELLER, Bolton High School, Bolton EVE M. KAHN, Westhill High School, Stamford Delaware MICHAEL C. JOHNSON, Salesianum School for Boys, Wilmington DINA M. HAINES, St. Marks High School, Wilmington District of Columbia MICHAEL A. HELLER, Sidwell Friends School JEAN S. FRASER, Georgetown Day High School Florida JEFFREY W. DAVIS, Miami Killian Senior High School, Miami JIMMY L. MORALES, Miami Beach Senior High School, Miami Beach ELIZABETH A. LINDLEY, Tampa Preparatory School, Tampa SHARI K. RAYNOR, Chamberlain High School, Tampa CAROLYN S. REISER, The Bolles School, Jacksonville JUDITH A. SHULEVITZ (of Miami), Interlochen Arts Academy, Interlochen, Mich. Georgia ERIC A. SCHOENBERG, Dunwoody High School, Dunwoody MICHAEL H. WING, Savannah County Day School, Savannah SYLVIA L. CEREL (of Dunwoody), Westminster School for Girls, Atlanta 926 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 16 Hawaii LAWRENCE G. TANIMOTO, Iolani School, Honolulu SHARI H. YOKOTA, Roosevelt High School, Honolulu Idaho LARRY W. HUNTER, Moscow Senior High School, Moscow DIANA S. MURELAGA, Capital High School, Boise Illinois STEPHEN A. VAVASIS, Arlington High School, Arlington Heights HILARY H. GETIS, Urbana High School, Urbana Indiana PAUL R. GEYER, Carmel High School, Carmel ELENA A. SALIJ, Paul Harding High School, Fort Wayne Iowa MARK D. KLINE, Urbandale High School, Urbandale CINDY M. SCHEIDT, T. Jefferson High School, Cedar Rapids Kansas BRIAN R. BENNETT (of Overland Park), Shawnee Mission West High School, Shawnee Mission JOSEPH C. SHIELDS, El Dorado High School, El Dorado KAREN L. SMITH (of Fort Riley), Senior High School, Junction City Kentucky SAM HIRSCH, Henry Clay High School, Lexington JOAN L. CMARIK, St. Mary High School, Paducah LISA A. PETRILLI, J. M. Atherton High School, Louisville Louisiana CHRISTOPHER D. HAMILTON, Robert E. Lee High School, Baton Rouge LORILEE J. BIERNACKI (of Pearl River), Slidell High School, Slidell Maine ROGER A. DEFREITAS, Cony High School, Augusta MARY E. SULLIVAN (of S. Harpswell), Mt. Ararat School, Topsham Maryland RICHARD A. REGISTER, Charles W. Woodward High School, Rockville ANTOINETTE E. REED, Western High School, Baltimore Massachusetts MICHAEL P. ARNOWITT, Lexington High School, Lexington JONATHAN D. CUTLER (of Milton), Commonwealth School, Boston EUGENE H. LEE, Lexington High School, Lexington JUN-CHING LIN (of Chestnut Hill), Newton North High School, Newtonville VIIA E. VALGE, Chelmsford High School, North Chelmsford Michigan PAUL S. HSIEH, Kalamazoo Central High School, Kalamazoo NICHOLAS S. THORNDIKE (of Alma), Interlochen Arts Academy, Interlochen KARIS A. HASTINGS, Garber High School, Essexville Minnesota BENNET K. LANGLOTZ (of St. Paul), Breck School, Minneapolis TAMARA R. FOUNTAIN, Edina-West Secondary School, Edina Mississippi MICHAEL E. JABALEY, William Murrah High School, Jackson CATHERINE G. GRAY, St. Andrews Episcopal School, Jackson Missouri JOHN W. CUTHBERTSON, Liberty High School, Liberty JOY A. GRAESSER, University City Senior High School, University City BRIGITTE T. WAHWAS SUCK, Waynesville Senior High School, Waynesville Montana MICHAEL W. BENDER, Billings West High School, Billings JANA L. BRANCH (of Victor), Stevensville High School, Stevensville Nebraska DANIEL A. ZARISKI, Southeast High School, Lincoln MARGARET Y. CHENG, Lincoln East High School, Lincoln JENNIFER L. MEYER, Technical High School, Omaha 927 May 16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Nevada ANDREW P. FLINT, Reno High School, Reno VERONICA J. MCCULLOUGH, Las Vegas High School, Las Vegas New Hampshire DAN P. HICKS, Colebrook Academy, Colebrook THERESA A. WILSON (of Greenland), Senior High School, Portsmouth New Jersey STEVEN G. DICKMAN, Ridgewood High School, Ridgewood ELIZABETH A. GUERIN, Princeton High School, Princeton CLAIRE F. ULLMAN, Princeton High School, Princeton New Mexico NELSON R. BEGAY (of Navajo), Window Rock High School, Fort Defiance, Ariz. JOHN M. NORRIS, Albuquerque Academy, Albuquerque ANNA MAGNUSON, Los Alamos High School, Los Alamos New York PATRICK J. CORLESS (of Pomona), Ramapo Senior High School, Spring Valley RUSSELL M. HERSHOW, Hunter College High School, New York GABRIELLE A. BROWN, Professional Children's School, New York CELIA P. JAFFE, Edgemont High School, Scarsdale CATHERINE J. MAGNUSON, Shenendehowa Senior High School, Clifton Park POLLY SHULMAN, Hunter College High School, New York NASHA L. THOMAS (of St. Albans), Performing Arts, New York North Carolina ROGER G. BROOKS (of Chapel Hill), Durham Academy Upper School, Durham CAROL C. SPRINGS, Monroe High School, Monroe North Dakota WILLIAM C. OLSON (of Mooreton), Wahpeton High School, Wahpeton LISA R. HEIDTKE, Valley City High School, Valley City Ohio BENJAMIN B. ROBINSON, Cleveland Hts. High School, Cleveland Hts. PAULA J. VANLARE, Defiance Senior High School, Defiance Oklahoma DAVID A. MORAN, Seminole High School, Seminole GREG W. THORNBURG, College High School, Bartlesville DEANI L. COOPER (of Bethan), Putnam City West Senior High School, Oklahoma City Oregon PETER C. GABOR, Woodrow Wilson High School, Portland DAVID G. LITT, Cleveland High School, Portland KAREN L. RASMUSSEN (of Portland), Sunset High School, Beaverton Pennsylvania RICHARD S. ZEMEL, Mt. Lebanon High School, Pittsburgh LOUISE R. ROBERTS, Penncrest High School, Media LINDA D. WHITE (of Philadelphia), Germantown Academy, Fort Washington Puerto Rico SALVADOR A. ACOSTA (of Rio Piedras), Commonwealth High School, Hato Rey JOHN A. ZERBE (of San Juan), St. Johns School, Santurce DAMARIS AYUSO-PLANES (of Guaynabo), Wesleyan Academy, Caparra Heights Rhode Island MICHAEL A. CONLEY (of East Greenwich), Bishop Thomas F. Hendricken High School, Warwick CAROLINE B. REEVES, Lincoln School, Providence South Carolina ROBERT E. SPIETH, Spartanburg High School, Spantanburg MARCIA B. KUNTZ, Porter-Gaud School, Charleston South Dakota DAVID B. OPPEDAHL, Vermillion High School, Vermillion LAURA L. HUBER, Menno High School, Menno Tennessee ROBERT L. KREIDLER, Morristown-Hamblen High School West, Morristown MARY A. CROSSLEY, Webb School, Knoxville ELLEN F. SCHREIBER, UN School of Nashville, Nashville 928 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Texas MICHAEL K. DISHART, Cypress Creek High School, Houston JAMES H. HEIDT, L. C. Anderson High School, Austin MILTUM T. TATUM, Arts Magnet High School, Dallas KEREN K. WARE, Skyline High School, Dallas SUSAN K. WILLIAMS, Ursuline Academy, Dallas Utah DALE C. HUNT, Bonneville High School, Ogden CAROLE E. EDMUNDSON, Skyline High School, Salt Lake City JULIA S. RUBIN, Ogden Senior High School, Ogden Vermont ERIC E. ANDERSON (of Castleton), Fair Haven High School, Fair Haven SARAH J. ALBEE, South Burlington High School, South Burlington Virginia CHRISTOPHER R. STOVER, Wakefield High School, Arlington KIRSTEN J. HUND, Portsmouth Catholic High School, Portsmouth Washington BLAKE D. HAMILTON, Issaquah High School, Issaquah DEBORAH A. DOUGLAS, the Lakeside School, Seattle West Virginia ROBERT E. RICHARDSON, Greenbrier East High School, Lewisburg KIMBERLY A. CASEY, St. Albans High School, St. Albans Wisconsin CHARLES C. HWANG (of Brookfield), Marquette University High School, Milwaukee ANN E. CLASSEN, Horicon High School, Horicon Wyoming JAY R. FERRILL, Riverton High School, Riverton KARIN SIGGARD, Cheyenne Central High School, Cheyenne Virgin Islands HAROLD G. THOMPSON (of Christiansted), St. Dunstans Episcopal School, St. Croix Guam SATSUKI YAMASHITA (of Sinajana), Academy Our Lady of Guam, Agana Meeting With Lord Killanin, President of the International Olympic Committee White House Statement. May 16, 1980 The President today met with the Lord Killanin, the president of the International Olympic Committee, and Mme. Monique Berlioux, its director, at their request. The President reaffirmed that the position of the United States in opposition to sending a team to the 22d Olympic games in Moscow results solely from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and our belief that it was not appropriate to attend the games in a host nation that was invading its neighbor. The President made clear that this position does not detract in any way from our support of the international Olympic movement, and that we will welcome athletes from any eligible Olympic nation at the 23d Olympic games in Los Angeles in 1984. The President reaffirmed that the United States will continue to urge other governments and Olympic Committees to oppose participation in the Olympic games in Moscow this summer. He noted that more than 40 National Olympic Committees, including those of the United States, West Germany, Canada, China, Norway, Kenya, Argentina, and numerous Moslem nations, have already decided not to attend the Olympic games in Moscow. More major national committees are expected to take the same position during the next 2 weeks. 929 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. May 11 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. May 12 The President met at the White House with: -Vice President Walter F. Mondale, Edmund S. Muskie, Secretary, Warren M. Christopher, Deputy Secretary, and Harold H. Saunders, Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Departof State, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Ambassador Sol M. Linowitz, Personal Representative of the President to the Middle East peace negotiations, Alfred L. Atherton, U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, and Samuel W. Lewis, U.S. Ambassador to Israel, to discuss the Middle East peace negotiations; -Dr. Carroll L. Wilson and American members of the World Coal Study (WOCOL), on the occasion of the release of the study in 16 participating countries; -Mark A. Smith, Jr., president of Kiwanis International. The President participated in a ceremony relating to the issuance of the proclamation naming May 16 as National Defense Transportation Day and May 11-17 as National Transportation Week. Participants in the Cabinet Room ceremony included Secretary of Energy Charles W. Duncan, Jr., and Ralph Purcival, international chairman of National Transportation Week, who presented the President with a poster. The President attended a White House reception for members of the Industrial Union Department of the AFL-CIO Legislative Conference. The President received the report of the Emergency Board investigating the dispute between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH) and employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen. The President announced the following appointments: JAMES H. QUACKENBUSH, Director of the Office of International Organizations and Technical Assistance at the Labor Department, as the U.S. Representative on the Governing Body of the International Labor Office; and REPRESENTATIVE PHILLIP BURTON of California as a member of the Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws. The President announced that he has accorded the personal rank of Ambassador to Charles N. Van Doren while he serves as Head of the U.S. Delegation to the Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, to be held in Geneva from August 11 to September 5. Mr. Van Doren is Assistant Director for Non-Proliferation at the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. May 13 The President met at the White House with: -David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs; 930 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -the Democratic congressional leadership; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -representatives of the Hostage Family Liaison Action Group, who reported to the President on their meetings with U.S. allies in Europe on behalf of the American hostages in Tehran. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration policies and programs given for members of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. The President announced the appointment of two members of the Committee for Purchase from the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped. They are: FRANK GEARDE, JR., Deputy Director for Administrative Services, Office of Operations and Finance, Department of Agriculture; and MERVIN J. FLANDER, chief of the Nevada Bureau of Services to the Blind. The White House announced that the Government will immediately appeal the decision by the District Court on the gasoline conservation fee. The Government will ask for an expedited ruling by the appellate courts and will also ask for a stay of certain aspects of the lower court decision. The administration continues to feel strongly that the gasoline conservation fee is sound and necessary. May 14 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; -Prime Minister John David Gibbons of Bermuda; -the presidents and chief executive officers of five U.S. automobile com panies, Douglas Fraser, president of the United Auto Workers, Vice President Mondale, Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary of the Treasury G. William Miller, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, and other administration officials, to discuss current auto industry problems; -Members of Congress, to discuss the Cuban refugee situation; -representatives of the U.S. Delegation to the International Labor Conference, which is to be held in Geneva in June. May 15 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration policies and programs given for members of the national cabinet of the United Jewish Appeal in the East Room at the White House. The President declared a major disaster for the State of Missouri as a result of severe storms and tornadoes, beginning on May 12, which caused extensive property damage. The President designated Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher to head the U.S. Delegation to the May 26-27 Geneva Conference on Kampuchean relief. The conference is to be convened by U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim in response to a May 1 resolution of the U.N. Economic and Social Council. 931 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 16 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Deputy Secretary of State Christopher, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Donovan; -Mr. Moore; -Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers; -Rev. Jesse Jackson, national president of Operation PUSH, Mayor Richard Hatcher of Gary, Ind., and other leaders of the May 17 March on Washington. The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration policies and programs given for civic and community leaders from Western States in the East Room at the White House. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David. The President declared a major disaster for the State of Michigan as a result of severe storms and tornadoes, beginning on or about May 13, which caused extensive property damage. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted May 14, 1980 FRANCIS J. MCNEIL, of Florida, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassa NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted May 14-Continued dor Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Costa Rica. THERESA ANN HEALY, of Virginia, a Foreign Service officer of Class two, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Sierra Leone; CARMEN CONSUELO CEREZO, of Puerto Rico, to be United States District Judge for the District of Puerto Rico, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released May 13, 1980 Announcement: creation of a National Main Street Center to provide technical assistance to older small cities and towns seeking to revitalize their downtown areas, an initiative of the administration's small community and rural development policy Announcement: nomination of Carmen Consuelo Cerezo to be United States District Judge for the District of Puerto Rico Statement and news conference: on the gasoline conservation fee-by Press Secretary Jody Powell News conference: on the Maryland and Nebraska Democratic primary elections and on the primary elections in general-by Mr. Powell and Robert S. Strauss, chairman of the Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee Released May 14, 1980 News conference: on the administration's Cuban refugee policy-by Jack H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Benjamin R. Civiletti, Attorney General, Adm. John B. Hayes, Commandant, 932 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 CHECKLIST-Continued Released May 14-Continued United States Coast Guard, Ambassador Victor H. Palmieri, United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, and William G. Bowdler, Director of Intelligence and Research, Department of State ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved May 16,1980 H.J. Res. 545 --- —------ Public Law 96-243 A joint resolution making an urgent appropriation for the food stamp program for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, for the Department of Agriculture. 933 Week Ending Friday, May 23, 1980 New England Tribute to Hubert H. Humphrey Remarks by Telephone to the Dinner in Worcester, Massachusetts. May 18, 1980 Fritz, thank you very much, and Muriel, it's a pleasure to be speaking to all of you and particularly the friends of Hubert Humphrey who are assembled there. I want to join you in the spirit of this evening and in your support of the Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Few things would please him more than knowing that all of us are helping young people to continue their education and to become better prepared to serve society as Hubert himself served all of us in the American and world society. We'll carry on Hubert's work this way, and there is no higher honor we can bestow on a friend who gave so generously of himself. Fritz and Muriel, as you know, shortly before he died, Senator Humphrey shared two of his last precious days with me. We spent a weekend together at Camp David, mostly in front of a fireplace, talking and listening. As you probably have guessed, Hubert did most of the talking and I did most of the listening. We talked together about people, about ordinary people and about famous onesmany of whom I had not known myself. We talked about our country; we talked about the world, the overriding need for peace and security and about faith in others. And he particularly talked about faith in God. He shared with me, as he has with many of you, a lifetime of hoping, of learning through experience, and of loving. He saw the world in terms of his human needs. I don't believe anyone else in politics anywhere could communicate so sincerely and so humanly about what needed to be done. He also saw life in terms of the joy of the struggle of it, the joy of work, the joy of life, and the joy of hope. Defeat was simply one more opportunity for Hubert Humphrey to try again and to try a little harder and to accumulate more friends on the way. Those 2 days that I spent alone with him were an unforgettable experience for me, but it was just typical of many lessons that many of us learned from him. And we must never forget to pass those good lessons on to young people of succeeding generations. As you all know, Hubert Humphrey did not want to be remembered with cold monuments, but with good works, and that's what we're doing tonight. We should all continue those good works as if Hubert were looking over our shoulders, urging us to go on and prodding us, also, to be optimistic, to be of good cheer. The institute is only one part, a small but vital part of our living memory of Hubert Humphrey, and, as I close my remarks, I want to thank you for helping tonight and for the countless ways that we have of honoring him in our daily lives in the months and years ahead. 935 May 18 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Muriel, God bless you. We loved him and we love you, too. Thank all of you for letting me be part of this fine evening, when together we start a new phase of honoring Hubert Humphrey by honoring the young people who find in him so much to admire. Thank you very much. Good night, everybody. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:52 p.m. from the White House Residence to the fundraising dinner, which was held in Mechanics Hall in Worcester. In his opening remarks, the President referred to Vice President Walter F. Mondale and Mrs. Hubert H. Humphrey. National Recreation and Parks Week Proclamation 4760. May 19, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation From the beaches of Hawaii to the hills of New England, America's public recreation and park systems include outstanding features of our historical, cultural and natural heritage. Magnificent canyons, splendid forests, the homes of great Americans-these are among the places preserved in Federal, State and local park systems. Recreation areas make everything from scuba diving to spelunking to plain old picnicking available to millions. Among the Federal government's diverse holdings are national forests, grasslands, wildlife refuges, even the famous Gateway Arch in St. Louis. State park systems have similar treasures. Oregon's coast is dotted with State-run beaches that offer agate-hunting and surf-fishing, while New York's Adirondack Park-three times the size of Yellowstone and the country's largest State park-boasts more than 9,000 square miles of wilderness within a day's drive of 55 million Americans. The preservation of wilderness is one goal of the country's park systems. Accessibility is another. Parks and recreation areas all over the country offer a variety of programs, experiences and opportunities to all Americans, including the disabled, the disadvantaged, the elderly and the very young. It is important that everyone be able to enjoy our landscape and history and to engage in healthy leisure activitieswhether it's boating or fishing, walking or climbing. But to work well, to work for all of us and all our needs, the park systems need our help-our suggestions, our thoughts, our cooperation-especially in this time of energy conservation. These are contributions we can all make, this week and every week. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim June 1-7, 1980, as National Recreation and Parks Week. I call on all Americans to observe this occasion by giving serious thought to the ways they can better use and preserve the parks of this country. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of May in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:59 p.m., May 19, 1980] 936 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 19 Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee Remarks at the National Campaign Headquarters. May 19,1980 MR. STRAUSS.' Mr. President, we turned on the air conditioning for you today, and we say an awful lot of nice things about you when we're really burning up in the heat here. [Laughter] But, Mr. President, I want to, before I present you to your colleagues and your associates, I want to spend just a minute or two and tell you a bit about what we're doing. You have here people from all of the floors of this building, various floors, who've gathered here, many volunteersmost volunteers, as a matter of fact-and they work in-[laughter]-I know you'll remember that, Mr. President. As a matter of fact, I'm one myself, and I hope you'll remember that, Mr. President. [Laughter] But, Mr. President, these people have been working on a lot of things, but one of the things I think will interest you here is-and the map shows it there-we have begun in the last couple of weeks to direct our attention to THE PRESIDENT. That's 1968? MR. STRAUSS. That's 1968. [Laughter] And there you seeTHE PRESIDENT. I hope the other volunteers are more current. [Laughter] MR. STRAUSS. It's an outrage isn't it? [Laughter] Mr. President, you see in 1968 the Nixon, Humphrey, and the Wallace vote, and we are beginning to concentrate and look at those States. And if the Secret Service man will move here[laughter]-we see the Ford-Carter vote, 1 Robert S. Strauss, chairman of the Carter/ Mondale Presidential Committee. or should I say, the Carter-Ford vote of 1976. And the map there-and we are doing our comparisons now in trying to see where we should focus our attention for the coming months. And here I have a book that I wanted to present to you, and there are just a half a dozen of these books in existence. And this says, "Book Two-Strauss;" I hope Book One has Carter-if not, I'm going to be mad. [Laughter] But in this book we have the beginning of our strategy, and we have the beginning of our various precincts all over the country, we have our legal problems, we have our financial problems all for the general election, we have our get out the vote. So, the campaign, this is the first cut-the people on this staff here, working under Tim Kraft and Tom Donilon-the first cut of our 1980 campaign strategy really beginning to fall into final place now. And so that now you have a feel of what we're doing, ladies and gentleman, I know I do not need to tell you my dear friends what a pleasure it is for me-and, I know, for you-for me to be able to present the President of the United States to his friends. THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. Bob tells me we have 1,553 delegates. Who would have dreamed 6 months ago that here long before we conclude the primary election campaign that we would have had this tremendous an achievement? The credit goes to you, and I'm deeply grateful to you. I will say that in the next few weeks and all the way through the fall, you will now have an active partner in the campaign, and maybe we'll do even better. Political historians will record the tremendous achievement that you've made so far, running not a sectional or regional or limited campaign, but a nationwide 937 May 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 campaign. We have not skipped a single State nor a single congressional district in the entire Nation; we've not skipped a territory. We've taken our message to the public, and we've listened; we've formed a good alliance with the people who vote and who make decisions in the Democratic Party. We've laid a good groundwork for the coming weeks and the coming months, and I'm deeply grateful to you. What we have achieved was far beyond even our fondest expectations a few months ago. I don't know the exact figures. I think in the primary elections we've earned over 60 percent of the delegates; in the caucus States we've earned over 65 percent of the delegates against formidable opposition. And I'm very grateful for that as well. Being an incumbent is not all it's cut out to be. [Laughter] There are a few advantages in being an incumbent, but there are some disadvantages. For the narrowminded or the shortsighted, an incumbent President of this great country cannot deal in empty slogans, cannot deal in words, cannot deal in false promises, cannot deal in distortions of issues. An incumbent's stock in trade, particularly in an executive position, has to be in actionaction dealing with the current problems of the day, action dealing in forging a policy and a spirit and an ideal and a commitment of an entire nation. An incumbent can't yield to the particular pressure of a regional or a local interest group. An incumbent has to deal with what's best for all the people every day. We've faced some difficult challenges in the last 6 months. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, strengthening our alliance, marshaling support for our position that an invasion of an innocent country can't go unpunished. We've had to deal with the shocking violation of every international principle and law by the Iranians, who have captured and held innocent hostages imprisoned. We've had to deal with these issues with sensitivity and with courage, with commitment, with openness, with frankness, and the American people have been remarkably united and they've been remarkably patient when patience was necessary. And our country has also been very strong in its commitment to unchanging principles. We've represented our Nation well in dealing with the problems of energy dependence, taking unprecedented steps to forge an energy policy based on conservation and the production of additional energy in our country. We've faced unbelievable inflation and interest pressures because OPEC prices went up 150 percent in 16 months, and we've been persistent in dealing with these issues on an equal basis with the Congress. Interest rates have dropped precipitously lately. The inflation rate is going to come down in the summer and make it easier for us. In the fall, we need some good news; I believe it will be coming. But in all these multitudinous challenges that came upon us, some which had very devastating political potential, we've survived very well, because we've never forgotten that the Democratic Party is well named. It's the party of the people. And we have not forgotten those kinds of people who are particularly dependent on government and who have been the strength of our party down through the generations. This is a very important element of our collective strength. The trust that's been placed in our party has not 938 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 19 been betrayed, and it will never be betrayed. We've still got very important primary elections ahead of us. Every week, 1, 2, 5, 6, sometimes 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 elections in a single week, and we've had to deal with these diverse pressures without flinching and without betraying the principles that are widely publicized and which we hold so dear. We're coming now to the end of a long campaign, and I want to make sure that the ending will give us a strong series of victories and leave us with a strong Democratic Party. It's time for us to look forward, not backward. It's a time for us to heal existing wounds that are created in any tough Democratic Party election campaign and not create new wounds. It's incumbent on you and me to heal existing wounds, not to create new wounds in our party. It's time for us to pull the different elements of our party back together; to be generous in victory, to be strong, looking to the future, to be confident, to be united, to be determined, and not to fail. I do not intend to lose this election in 1980. I've got a great running-mate in Fritz Mondale. And all of you who have worked so hard on the campaign-Bob Strauss, Tim Kraft, Tom Donilon, everyone over here-knows how much I appreciate the work you've done. This has been an excellent team effort, and I look for the future to be just as gratifying as the past has been. I'll be out campaigning between now and the end of the primary season. And then we'll be preparing very eagerly to meet Ronald Reagan, or whomever the Republicans choose, and let the Nation know that we'll carry the Democratic banner to a tremendous victory in November. Let me say this in closing. My sense, as I stand here before you, is one of gratitude and also one of a partnership. We could not have won this election had we not worked together. You've been over here in a relatively unrecognized way-luxurious working quarters. [Laughter] Maybe that made up for some of the low-paying jobs that you have. [Laughter] But we've never lost our temper, and we've never lost our sense of humor. We've come through some difficult times and some discouraging Tuesdays together, and they've always been followed by excitement and victory parties that have bound us back together again. In my opinion, the issues have been thoroughly debated. There is no lack of knowledge among the American electorate about where I stand on any issue. We need not fear the Democratic convention. It's a place for debate; it's a place for discussion. And as we hammer out the Democratic platform, none of you need be afraid of the open and fervent debate, including the final touches on the platform that will be the base for victory for me and Fritz Mondale in November. I want all of you to help me reach out a healing hand and a friendly hand to those who've not supported us so far. We'll need them in November, and with their help, our victory will be even greater than it has been so far. So, together, as future partners, we'll have the same kind of results in the months ahead as we've had in the months past. God bless you, everyone. I look forward to working with you. NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 2:15 p.m. 939 May 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Captive Nations Week, 1980 Proclamation 4761. May 19, 1980 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Twenty-one years ago, by a joint resolution approved July 17, 1959 (73 Stat. 212), the Eighty-Sixth Congress authorized and requested the President to proclaim the third week in July as Captive Nations Week. Throughout our history we Americans have held the deep conviction that liberty and independence are among mankind's inalienable rights. Our ideal has remained that of our founding fathers: governments derive their legitimacy from the consent of the peoples they govern. Soviet aggression against Afghanistan is the latest stark reminder that this ideal is not universally respected. Mindful of our heritage and our principles, let us take this week to salute the men and women everywhere who are devoted to the cause of liberty and the pursuit of human rights in their native lands. Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby designate the week beginning on July 13, 1980, as Captive Nations Week. I invite the people of the United States to observe this week with appropriate ceremonies and activities and to reaffirm their dedication to the ideals that unite us and inspire others. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Inde pendence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth. JIMMY CARTER [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:45 a.m., May 20, 1980] United States Postal Service Nomination of Three Members of the Board of Governors. May 19, 1980 The President today announced three persons whom he will nominate to be Governors of the United States Postal Service. They are: David E. Babcock, of Carefree, Ariz., who was chairman of the board of the May Department Stores Co. until his retirement earlier this year. Babcock was with the May Company for 13 years and was active in personnel and management development. Paula D. Hughes, of New York City, vice president and director of Thomson McKinnon Securities, Inc., where she manages over $50 million of investment, and an allied member of the New York Stock Exchange. Timothy L. Jenkins, of Washington, D.C., chairman of the MATCH Institution, a management consultant firm, formerly a partner in two international law firms. Jenkins served previously as special assistant to the Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and as an assistant professor of administrative law at Howard University. United States Metric Board Nomination of Two Members. May 19, 1980 The President today announced two persons whom he will nominate to be 940 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 19 members of the United States Metric Board. They are: Marcus B. Crotts, of Winston-Salem, N.C., a mechanical engineer who is a partner in the firm of Crotts & Saunders Engineering. He is an active member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and has written technical papers in the fields of dimensional metrology and metric conversion. Francis R. Dugan, of Cincinnati, Ohio, president of the Dugan & Meyers Construction Co. Dugan is president of the Cincinnati chapter of the Associated General Contractors of America and Associated Contractors of Ohio. United States Foreign Assistance Remarks at a White House Briefing for Members of Congress. May 19, 1980 First of all, let me express my thanks to the Members of the Congress who've come here tonight to discuss two very difficult but very important issues, and then in a few minutes, after my presentation, to have our new Secretary of State, Ed Muskie, give you a brief report on his trip to Europe and his negotiations with our allies and friends and also with the Soviet Foreign Minister. Then we'll be available to answer your questions on these and other matters that might be of interest to you. For a President who wants to keep our Nation at peace and not use a tremendous military arsenal that is available to me as Commander in Chief, it's necessary to call on the Congress to help me in meeting the challenge or the competition with the Soviet Union in various places in the world, particularly in Africa; to stop the encroachment of Cuban-engendered com munism throughout Central America and the Caribbean; and to meet the challenge that remains after the Vietnam experience in Southeast Asia. This is not an easy challenge to meet without using weapons. It's incumbent on the Congress to give me the economic tools with which to meet these challenges. This year, the Congress has not yet been willing to do so. This is not a matter of liberalism versus conservatism, because, in my judgment, it's as extremely important for a conservative, who believes in human rights and the preservation of our way of life and the meeting of a communist challenge, to do so in a bold and effective and courageous way without regards to the demagogic approach on foreign aid that might appeal to some members of a constituency. And for those who profess to be liberals, it's extremely important to protect human rights, to meet the needs of hungry people, and to spread the beneficial effect of democracy and freedom and our way of life. There is no incompatibility depending upon a philosophical point of view, nor is there a distinction legitimately to be drawn between Democrats and Republicans. As you all know, the way that we meet these challenges in Southeast Asia, in Africa, and our own hemisphere is through our economic or foreign aid program. It's varied in makeup; it's highly focused when it needs to be on a bilateral basis; and it also expands tremendously the investment of a dollar of American foreign aid or loan money to benefit us with trade, with the growth of our national product, and the beneficial effect of the impact of all the Western democratic nations on the nonaligned, sometimes uncertain, uncommitted, but searching developing countries. In the World Bank, a dollar that's invested from American allocations of 941 70-808 0 - 81 - 61: QL 3 May 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 funds by you is multiplied 50 times overfor every dollar of American money, the World Bank can lend $50. The International Monetary Fund, which makes available very sound loans to countries, also imposes on them a rigid fiscal discipline and has saved many nations from chaos by imposing on them, in a negotiated manner, a sound fiscal policy. Sometimes the leaders of those nations privately express their gratitude to the IMF for making them do what they know ought to be done to control runaway inflation and an imbalanced budget that would lead ultimately to chaos, revolution, and disintegration of the societal structure of that nation. This year, at this moment, we have six different foreign aid bills still not passed by the House. Today the Senate did agree to the authorization bill for the supplementary development allocation for Central America, primarily for Nicaragua. The money will still have to be appropriated for it. As you know, for the last roughly 35 years, with the full knowledge and consultation of the Congress, our country has committed itself to the multilateral development banks, multinational development banks for a certain portion of loans. This is the first time in 35 years that the Congress has not honored that commitment. This is embarrassing for our country, and, as you know, the multilateral development banks have now not been making loans for 6 months. In the meantime, small nations who would be our friends, who are desperate for those loans-some loans relatively modest in size, measured by our standards-are sitting in limbo, facing potential financial catastrophes. Our allies and trading partners whom we are calling upon to support our position with Iran and Afghanistan and other very sensitive matters feel that the United States has welched on its commitment. You know what a devastating economic impact the closing of a community bank in your city would mean, particularly if it was the only bank that could make loans, for a 6-month's period. We've now worked out in the conference committee a level of commitment to these banks, that will now come before you for a vote again, that's $412 million below what our promise was, what our negotiated commitment was. I hope that the House will support this commitment. Every time we have put a dollar in economic aid on a foreign aid basis for the last number of years, it's resulted in an increase of about $3 for the American gross national product. Our trade with the less-developed countries of the world now exceeds the trade with all of Western Europe, all of Eastern Europe, plus the Soviet Union. And, in addition to this, we can provide in a beneficial way a partnership agreement with those small and potentially friendly countries where we can be provided with their raw materials and sell them finished products, providing jobs for our own country. I have no way to express as deeply as I feel the need for your support for this legislation. We have been operating under a continuing resolution since October 1 on the 1980 foreign assistance appropriations. The conference report, as you know, will include military assistance, economic support, development assistance, money for the refugee program, money for disaster relief, for the control of narcotics, the multilateral development banks, the Peace Corps, the Eximbankthese kinds of programs are included within the legislation for which the Congress has not yet passed the appropriations for 1980. And, of course, the 1981 authorization bill has the same function and pro 942 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 19 grams, and, of course, we'll be following that with appropriations for foreign aid. I think all of you realize that about half of the authorized money about $2I/2 billion-goes for the Mideast peace settlement. And in addition, countries like Turkey, Greece, Morocco, many others, are dependent on us to sustain their forms of government, and it's been a very successful program for many years in the past. I hope that you will help with this legislation. It's been sharply reduced from what we asked and from what we need. It's a good investment for our country. It honors the commitment that our Nation has made with your knowledge and based on historical precedent. There are no surprises in it. It is in conformity with the balanced budget proposal that I put forward. We have disaster relief in this legislation. I think all of you remember the Caribbean hurricane relief and the Italian earthquake relief. There was $73 million in the conference report, in the original proposal we made. That's been cut from $73 million down to $20 million. It's typical of the kind of cuts that have already been made in conference and which the House has still not passed. In a few minutes, Ed Muskie will make some brief comments to you. But before he does, I'd like to make one other appeal to you, and that is a nonrelated subject, but a very important subject. In the first part of March, after consultations with the leadership in the House and Senate, Democrats and Republicans, the leadership of the budget committees and the appropriations committees, the Members of the Congress came to the Cabinet Room and asked me to impose an oil import conservation fee that was the equivalent of 10 cents a gallon for gasoline. I accepted this recommendation by the Members of Congress and imposed the fee. It required no action of the Congress. I did it just before the Illinois primary, and it was a highly publicized move. It was not politically attractive, but the primary results were gratifying to me, and I don't think I've suffered materially from it. I don't ask the Congress to take any action on it. I ask you not to take any action to remove the authority that I have now and have always had since I've been in office and that my predecessors had, to impose such a fee to cut down on unwarranted imports of oil. Ten cents is a very small tax on gasoline. Compared to other major consuming nations, it's almost insignificant. But it sends a clear signal to our allies and other consuming nations to restrain themselves and to cut down on their own imports and to remove the pressure from the worldwide oil supply market. It also sends a very clear signal to the OPEC countries, the Saudis and others, who are now producing more oil than they choose to produce, but are doing so to maintain a stable price. And, in my judgment, if the Congress should act over my veto to remove the oil conservation fee authority from me, we'll have much greater prices increased by OPEC than we would have otherwise, and it'll make it almost impossible for us to have a joint or common conservation effort by the major oil-importing nations. So, I ask you to help me in this respect by not supporting the legislative attempts to remove from me the ability that the President has had for a long time, to impose the conservation fee that I've described. It will result in roughly 100,000 barrels less imported at the end of a year; at the end of 2%2 or 3 years, 250,000 barrels less oil to be imported into our country. Last year, we imported about $60 billion worth of oil from overseas. This year 943 May 19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 we expect $90 billion of oil imports from foreign countries, which amounts to about $400 for every man, woman, and child in this country. And my appeal to you is to help me with this particular act. It requires no action on your part, just to refrain from acting. That's what I ask you to do. As you know, the Federal courts have ruled, at the district court level, that the method of allocating the fee just to gasoline is illegal. We are appealing this ruling, and I'm perfectly willing to fight my battle in the court. Let me say in closing that the easiest legislation in the world to find fault with is probably foreign aid. It's easy to demagog the issue, and you can always find some reason at home in the fourth district of Georgia or the third district in Georgia, where I'm from, to justify voting against foreign aid. But when you come down to the question-is our Nation going to meet its commitments; is our Nation going to be able, short of military action, to compete successfully with the Soviet Union for the hearts and minds and friendships and trade of the developing nations on Earth; are we going to be able to prove to those nations that a democratic country like ours, the most powerful on Earth, is a responsible partner for them to have, a responsible friend, with an investment that pays rich dividends, that provides American jobs, that's greatly magnified in its beneficial effect, that helps those who are suffering to have more to eat, to let them produce energy of their own that will alleviate worldwide shortages-these kinds of questions, the answers are obviously yes. And I ask you to consider these matters in a statesmanlike way and add your vote in the next few days, maybe even tomorrow, to pass these cutdown bills, that are lower than we need but at least will let the multilateral development banks and others resume functioning after they've been shut down now with no loans because of American intransigence for as long as 6 months. NOTE: The President spoke at 6:54 p.m. in the East Room at the White House. Friendship Force Remarks at a Reception for South American Participants in the Program. May 19, 1980 First of all, let me express my thanks to the First Lady for that very wonderful introduction. I'm always the second on the program when she is present, but I always enjoy it, because she has been so remarkably in the lead in setting up the Friendship Force, which I believe, from a historical perspective in the future, will be looked upon as one of the great new ideas that has been benefiting our Nation during this period of our lives. We've had more than 30,000 people who have left our country and come from other countries to stay in private homesin the homes of schoolteachers and firemen and engineers and laborers, farmers-just to learn about one another and to become not temporary friends, but lifetime friends, and have been about 70,000 others who have been in host families who've received these visitors from foreign countries. The government puts no money into it, which is particularly attractive to someone trying to balance the budget. [Laughter] But there is a benefit to all governments who are eager for peace and understanding and good will between countries. In 1972 I was Governor of the State of Georgia, and Rosalynn and I went on a 944 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 20 trip to Mexico, to Colombia, to Brazil, to Argentina, to Costa Rica. And in every country that we visited, we saw the friendship and the eagerness to know more about the people in North America, the United States. I made a special friend, Dr. Pereira Lopez, a truly remarkable man. I can't say that he's typical of those we met, because he's special. He's a medical doctor, he's one of the leading industrialists of Brazil, he was the president of the Brazilian Congress when I was there. He had a magnificent reception for me in the yard of the home of the Brazilian Congress president, overlooking a beautiful lake. I remember he asked me to hold hands with the members of the Congress, and we had a prayer. And he's a man who has helped his own local region, Sao Carlos; one of the founders of a major university there. When I visited the Congress in Brasilia, he let me meet with and speak to the committee on foreign relations and let us feel at home when we could have been embarrassed as just strangers or tourists in a foreign country. We had a chance to stop in Belem, in Recife, the capital of Pernambuco, which became our sister state. We went to Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, to Americana, to Manaus. And I think one of the most remarkable experiences of my life was to travel not too far from Sao Paulo to a town called Americana, where we visited a community that had been established by Americans who left here after the War Between the States and established a new home in Brazil. They still spoke English, the right kind of English-with a good southern accent. [Laughter] And there were Carters and Johnsons and Weisners and Smiths, and they still loved this country, but they loved Brazil as their home. And those ties that bound them together were very strong ones, and now the ties that bind Colombia and Brazil to our country are just as strong because of personal friendships. So, as President of a great nation, I want to express my thanks to you who've come here from Colombia and from Brazil, two great nations, and say that you have a responsibility along with me and other government officials to find the common ground on which we can stand to build a better life for all based on friendship and love, one for another. Thank you for being here. Vaya con Dios. [May God be with you.] NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 8:45 p.m. in the Pan American Union Building. Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization Convention Message to the Senate Transmitting Amendments to the Convention. May 20, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for the advice and consent of the Senate to acceptance, amendments to the Convention on the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization signed at Geneva March 6, 1948 (the IMCO Convention). The amendments were adopted on November 15, 1979, by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) at its eleventh session. These amendments are part of a series of amendments, negotiated with a view to bringing the Convention up-to-date given 945 May 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 changes of membership and structure that have occurred since its entry into force in 1958. Other amendments in this series were transmitted to the Senate for advice and consent to acceptance on May 3, 1979. Membership in IMCO has grown from 21 member States in 1958 to 113 member States in 1979. This expansion of membership gave rise to concern that the IMCO Council did not give adequate representation to member States within its existing structure. Three of the four amendments transmitted today address this problem; they increase the number of members on the Council, and the number of Council members required to constitute a quorum at Council meetings; and they provide for the distribution of Council membership among member States with interests in international shipping, international seaborne trade, and other special interests in maritime transport or navigation. These amendments will ensure adequate representation on the Council of the newly expanded membership. The fourth amendment provides for a member State to give notification of its withdrawal from IMCO should an amendment to which it is strongly opposed be accepted by two thirds of the member States. Presently such acceptance triggers the automatic entry into force of an amendment for all member States. Under the proposed amendment, a member State would have the option of withdrawing from IMCO rather than subjecting itself to an amendment with which it did not agree. Support for these amendments, as well as for those transmitted on May 3, 1979, will contribute to the interest of the United States in facilitating cooperation among maritime nations. To that end, I urge the Senate to give early and favorable consideration to the amendments and give its advice and consent to their acceptance. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 20, 1980. International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979 Message to the Senate Transmitting the Convention. May 20, 1980 To the Senate of the United States: I transmit herewith, for the advice and consent of the Senate to ratification, the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, with Annex, signed on behalf of the United States on November 6, 1979. For the information of the Senate, I transmit also the report of the Department of State with respect to the Convention and a copy of the Final Act of the International Conference on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, adopting the Convention. The Convention provides for the first comprehensive approach to international search and rescue service for world shipping, by establishing a plan to coordinate international facilities for the rescue of persons in distress at sea. It does for the maritime services what the search and rescue provisions of Annex 12 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation do for the aviation services. The Convention will serve to promote cooperation among organizations around the world 946 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 20 participating in search and rescue operations at sea. For these reasons, I urge the Senate to give this Convention prompt consideration, and its advice and consent to ratification. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 20, 1980. The Cyprus Conflict Letter to the Speaker of the House and the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. May 20, 1980 Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:) In accordance with the provisions of Public Law 95-384, I am submitting the following report on progress made during the past 60 days toward the conclusion of a negotiated solution of the Cyprus problem. The intercommunal talks have not yet resumed. In order to circumvent the difficulties that caused the breakdown of the talks last June, Secretary General Waldheim suggested to the two Cypriot communities a formula under which both sides might return to the intercommunal table and begin concrete negotiations on the substantive aspects of the Cyprus problem. Neither community was able to accept all elements of the Secretary General's proposals. Despite intensive efforts, the Secretary General and his representative have, so far, been unable to achieve agreement on a compromise formula. However, in a report to the General Assembly on the Cyprus question dated April 2, 1980, Mr. Waldheim states that he continues "to hold to the opinion that the intercommunal talks, if properly used, represent the best available method for negotiating a just and lasting political settlement of the Cyprus problem based on the legitimate rights of the two communities." A copy of the Secretary General's report is attached. Both communities on Cyprus have welcomed the news that the Secretary General plans to continue his efforts, and both have reaffirmed their belief that the intercommunal talks are the best means of negotiating a fair and permanent solution to the Cyprus problem. I, too, am pleased that the Secretary General plans to continue his search for a Cyprus settlement. The United States fully supports his pursuit of a solution. While Secretary General Waldheim's proposal for resuming the talks has not yet met with success, his proposal contains a sound basis for achieving a resumption of negotiations. Both communities must make renewed and sincere efforts to cooperate with the Secretary General as he endeavors to bridge the remaining differences. During the past 60 days, there have been a number of informal contacts between various groups of Greek and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus. It is heartening that some lines of communication are being re-established between the two communities; these may help establish an atmosphere more conducive to reaching a permanent solution to the island's problems. Sincerely, JIMMY CARTER NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Frank Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. 947 May 20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Budget Rescission and Deferrals Message to the Congress. May 20, 1980 To the Congress of the United States: In accordance with the Impoundment Control Act of 1974, I herewith report a proposal to rescind $12.4 million in budget authority previously provided by the Congress. In addition, I am reporting six revisions to previously transmitted deferrals increasing the amount deferred by $130.6 million. The rescission proposal involves law enforcement assistance in the Department of Justice. The revisions to existing deferrals involve programs in the Departments of Defense, Energy and Justice, and the Environmental Protection Agency. The details of the rescission proposal and each deferral are contained in the attached reports. JIMMY CARTER The White House, May 20, 1980. NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescission and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of May 23, 1980. United States International Trade Commission Designation of William R. Alberger as Chairman. May 20, 1980 The President today announced that he will designate William R. Alberger as Chairman of the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC). Alberger has been a member of the ITC since 1977 and Vice Chairman since 1978. He was born October 11, 1945, in Portland, Oreg. He received a B.A. from Willamette University in 1967, an M.B.A. from the University of Iowa in 1971, and a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center in 1973. Alberger was legislative assistant to Representative Al Ullman from 1972 to 1975 and was his administrative assistant from 1975 to 1977. In 1977, before his appointment to the ITC, he was administrative assistant to the House Ways and Means Committee. White House Fellows Appointment of 17 Fellows for the 1980-81 Program. May 20, 1980 The President today announced the appointments of the White House Fellows for the 1980-81 year. This is the 16th class of Fellows since the program began in 1964. The 17 Fellows were chosen from among 1,525 applicants and screened by 11 regional panels. The President's Commission on White House Fellowships, chaired by John Gardner, interviewed 34 national finalists before recommending the 17 persons to the President. Their year of Government service will begin on September 1, 1980. The 1980-81 White House Fellows are: JOAN ABRAHAMSON, 28, of San Francisco, Calif., associate, McCutchen, Doyle, Brown & Enersen, San Francisco; AMELIA JANE BRADLEY, 33, of Alexandria, Va., attorney, partner, Cohen & Annand, P.C., Alexandria; THOMAS JOHN CAMPBELL, 27, of Chicago, Ill., attorney, associate, Winston and Strawn, Chicago; MARK ALAN CLODFELTER, 29, of Flint, Mich., State representative, Michigan House of Representatives, State Capitol, Lansing; BRUCE GREGORY DEW, 28, of West Columbia, S.C., associate chief judge, county of Lexington, Lexington; 948 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 21 JOHN WESLEY HOLMES, 34, of Stamford, Conn., section head, transportation operations, supply & transportation department, Exxon International Company, New York; EMMA COLEMAN JORDAN, 33, of Davis, Calif., professor, University of California School of Law, Davis; MICHAEL KARL KORENKO, 34, of Rockville, Md., materials research manager, Westinghouse-Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory, Richland, Wash.; HAROLD ELIOT KRENTS, 35, of Washington, D.C., attorney, private practice, Washington, D.C.; GAEL CAUTION-LEBBY, 26, of Columbia, S.C., psychology intern, William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia; PHOEBE DIANE MORSE, 31, of Montpelier, Vt., secretary o1 civil and military affairs, Office of the Governor, Montpelier; MARY MARGARET McKEOWN, 29, of Seattle, Wash., attorney, associate, Perkins, Coie, Stone, Olsen & Williams, Seattle and Washington, D.C.; ALEXANDER R. H. RODRIGUEZ, 34, of Carlsbad, Calif., lieutenant commander, U.S. Navy; Director, Family Medical Health Clinic, Naval Regional Medical Center, Camp Pendleton, Calif.; KELSEY PHIPPS SELANDER, 28, of Midland, Mich., superintendent of drivers, servicemen and custodians, Dow Corning Corp., Midland; MERRIE SPAETH, 31, of New York, N.Y., independent television producer, WarnerAmex, and ABC "20-20", New York; DAVID JONATHAN VIDAL, 33, of New York, N.Y., metropolitan staff reporter, the New York Times, New York; WALLACE EARL WALKER, 35, of Ft. Leavenworth, Kans., major, U.S. Army, permanent associate professor, department of social sciences, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y. President's Commission on White House Fellowships Appointment of Two Members. May 21, 1980 The President today announced the appointment of two persons as members of the President's Commission on White House Fellowships. They are: PHYLLIS R. BLEIWEIS, of Gainesville, Fla., owner of PRB Consulting, a public relations firm. She is active in community and civic affairs in Gainesville; and ARTHUR H. HOUSE, administrative assistant to Senator Abraham Ribicoff. House was a White House Fellow in 1975-76. National Institute of Education Appointment of Gladys Chang Hardy as Deputy Director. May 21, 1980 The President today announced his intention to appoint Gladys Chang Hardy, of Arlington, Va., to be Deputy Director of the National Institute of Education (NIE) a new position. Hardy was Deputy Director of NIE under the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1977 until the establishment of the Department of Education earlier this month. She was born February 12, 1929, in Shanghai, China. She received a B.A. from Sarah Lawrence College in 1950. Hardy was a reporter and writer with NBC from 1949 to 1951 and with CBS from 1951 to 1953. From 1953 to 1955, she was a Foreign Area Fellow of the Ford Foundation, and from 1955 to 1956, she was chief researcher at NBC. From 1956 to 1957, she was coproducer and manager of "Living Future" for Time, Inc. From 1957 to 1960, Hardy was research assistant to the president of the Ford Foundation's Fund for the Advancement of Education. From 1959 to 1966, she was a program associate at the Ford Foundation. From 1966 to 1967, Hardy was Director of the Office of Planning and 949 May 21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Analysis at the National Endowment for the Humanities. From 1967 to 1972, she was special assistant to the president and director of the office of institutional research and planning at Boston University. From 1972 to 1973, Hardy was undersecretary of educational affairs of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. From 1974 to 1977, she was secretary of the University of Massachusetts and secretary to the board of trustees. Portland, Oregon Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters Following an Inspection Tour of Areas Damaged by the Mount St. Helens Eruption. May 22, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. First of all I'd like to make a statement that summarizes my own experience during the last few hours and describe the relationship among the Federal, State, and local government officials and agencies and the private people who will be facing the challenge of repairing the damage done by the recent volcanic explosion. And then following that I'll answer a couple questions about the Mount St. Helens explosion and eruption. I might have to call on some of my advisers to help me with the answers. My overwhelming sense, as President, is to commend the people of the Northwest region of our country for the tremendous courage and presence of mind that has been shown here and the cooperation among the people in dealing with one of the most remarkable and formidable natural phenomena, I guess, of all recorded time. The calmness and the cooperation that's been shown and which must be shown in the future is one of the most im portant single factors in minimizing the damage that was potentially catastrophic. This is a natural disaster of unprecedented dimensions, and of course we deeply regret the injury and the loss of life. But it could have been infinitely worse had there not been careful preparation and had there not been an instant and very effective response Sunday morning after the explosion and the eruption took place. I've just come, along with Governor Ray, Governor Evans, the members of the congressional delegation, and other officials in my Cabinet as well, from traveling up the Columbia or down the Columbia River and observing the Cowlitz and the Toutle River valleys. We approached the Mount St. Helens area where Spirit Lake used to be, and we talked with people at the Cascade Middle School who had been evacuated from their homes. In the process, we have all been able to share experiences and to share plans for the future among the local, State, and Federal officials who will have to work together as a team in the future. It's very important to realize that I have already responded with the declaration of a national disaster, at the request of Governor Ray, for the State of Washington, and of course, the other States that are impacted heavily, primarily to the west of here, but to some degree to the south of the explosion, will also be accommodated as soon as I receive those requests. The Federal Emergency Management Agency will be primarily responsible for the coordination of the combined effort. John Macy, the Director of that agency, is here with me, and Bob Stevens will be my representative in this region in the weeks and the months ahead. Obviously there will be a wide range of assistance necessary, and it will be provided by 950 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 22 whichever agency is primarily responsible for that service. Funding for all these services will also be provided, a major portion, of course, by individuals who own homes and businesses, by local officials, county and city level, by States involved, and of course by the Federal Government as well. Our first priority, which has been handled so well, even before I arrived, is to deal with human needs. I met with a group of people who have been evacuated from their home, primarily in the valley region around the Toutle River. They seem to have been well taken care of. The school officials, the local police officials, the Red Cross, and others have done a very good job there, and they will be moving back into their homes as soon as transportation is open for them. I'm very pleased that the early concerns about severe health consequences and environmental consequences and the threat of an immediate additional flood that could be even more devastating, those concerns have been alleviated to a substantial degree. The ash which is covering an enormous region of the Northwest is benign in nature. It is not toxic. It is not acid. It has about the same acidity as normal rainfall. In the long run, when it has been accommodated into the ground, I understand that it will not be harmful at all to the quality of the soil nor to the crops growing there. We will be closely monitoring its effect on presently growing crops, but the early expectations of serious damage I don't believe will be realized. The damage will be minimal. Obviously the lack of transportation is causing a problem for farmers and particularly dairy farmers, because they cannot get their products to market. There will be, obviously, some damage economically, as well, to others who are involved in the transportation of goods and the production of food. Damage to fisheries in these particular river areas will be severe. We don't have any idea how long it'll take them to recover. Many homes have been destroyed or presently isolated. Timber harvest has been interrupted. About 150 square miles of very rich timber region has been destroyed. Some of the trees that have been felled and not covered by ash can be harvested over a period of months, maybe 2 or 3 years at the most. Some of this is on private land, some, Federal forest land, some State land-I think about 40 percent private, 40 percent Federal, 20 percent State. The Secretary of Agriculture is here, responsible for the Federal efforts in forestry, and he will, of course, coordinate our efforts there. The Corps of Engineers has already started opening up a channel in the Columbia River, which was almost completely closed to seagoing traffic, as you know, by the massive flood of ash, mud, down the Toutle River, Cowlitz, and into the Columbia. Eventually we'll have as many as eight major dredges there removing the material that has been deposited in the channel. That effort will be expedited as much as possible. The Secretary of the Army is here with me, responsible ultimately for the Corps of Engineers, and I think they deserve a great deal of credit in having moved so rapidly and, I think, so successfully. There is a substantial economic impact on this area around the Columbia River, the port system, because of interrupted transportation of goods that needs to be marketed through seagoing traffic. The Department of Interior is also represented here; the Forest and the National Park system, of course, are very closely related. 951 May 22 May 22Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980 We don't know what will happen in the future. This is one of the most devastating but also one of the most interesting scientific events in recorded history. My own science adviser, Dr. Frank Press, is here. His specialty is in geology. He has made a deep study of earthquakes and volcanic actions, just coincidentally. He will be working with those who've been on the scene here for many years. Governor Ray, Governor Evans, and others will help to set up a special science advisory committee just to deal with the Mount St. Helens phenomenon and what might occur in the future. This will help to increase even further the degree of safety that has been achieved already and, of course, will provide scientific knowledge and experience that might lead to benefits in other areas of the world. And finally, I'd like to say that I will be going from here to Spokane to see the kind of damage that has been created over large areas of the Northwest by the heavy fallout of ash. The removal of this ash, the adverse consequences of its being incorporated into internal combustion engines, its interruption of transportation by clogged waterways and also by highways is going to take a long time to correct. There will be an enormous expense involved, and the correction or the repair of damage done by the Mount St. Helens eruption will undoubtedly take years or perhaps even decades before it can be completely corrected or repaired. Soil erosion will be continuous and severe in the river basin areas north and west of Mount St. Helens, and creating some kind of growth on the land to minimize soil erosion will be a challenge that has not yet been addressed. What we will do in the next few days is to work very closely with Governor Ray, Governor Evans, and -others to list all the challenges that face us together and to try to decide how to allot responsibility, how to make arrangements for meeting the heavy financial costs, and how to schedule these efforts with the maximum involvement of the general public, who must take care of their own local home needs on their own as much as possible. I hope that we will be as fortunate in the future as we presently expect to be by having minimal agriculture, economic, environmental, health, and safety threats. There obviously was a great deal of concern immediately after the explosion and eruption. My belief is, after -talking to scientific advisers and others, that there is no major immediate threat to the health or safety of those in this region. One of the reasons for the loss of life that has occurred is that tourists and other interested people-curious people-refused to comply with the directives issued by the Governor, the local sheriff, the State patrol and others, and slipped around highway barricades and entered the dangerous area when it was well known to be very dangerous. There has been a substantial loss of life; about 70 people, I understand, are still missing. Some are likely never to be found. And I would like to urge everyone who lives in this region or who might visit this region to comply strictly with the directives of public officials and with the safety precautions that have been evolved for one's own benefit. I think it might be good, now, for me to try to answer just a few questions. REPORTER. Did you get to see the mountain at all, and, if so, could you describe it for us? THE PRESIDENT. No,5 we didn't get all the way to the mountain because of the very low clouds and the bad weather. But 952 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 2 2 we got very close to the mountain, were able to see the lower part of Spirit Lake, the extremely deep deposits of ash, the absolute and total devastation of a region that encompasses about 150 miles. It's the worst thing I have ever seen. It had been described to me earlier, but it was much worse than the description had impressed me. I don't know how long it'll take for that region to be open even for normal movement of traffic. Enormous blocks of ice apparently are still covered by literally hundreds of feet of fluffy, face-powder-type ash, and as that ice is melted under the hot conditions that exist, enormous cave-ins are taking place. Steam is bubbling up. There are a few fires about. Someone said it was like a Moonscape but it's much worse than anything I've ever seen in pictures of the Moon's surface. Fortunately, the number of people in that region were minimal, but it is literally indescribable in its devastation. Q. Do your advisers tell you that there are going to be any more eruptions perhaps of the other volcanos in this vicinity? THE PRESIDENT. There are people here who are experts on that. I've listened to them very carefully. It is very likely that there will be additional deposits, at least, of magma coming up out of the volcano now. Eruptions of some degree are likely. There was, I think, an earthquake yesterday-a tremor of, I think, scale 4 on the Richter Scale. And obviously it's unpredictable, but I don't believe there will be any future explosion as there was now, because the entire top of the mountain, about 1,200 feet of it-a cubic mile of earth has been blown away, and I don't think there will be an enormous buildup of pressure there. But if people will abide by the safety precautions issued by the Governor and others, in my judgment there will not be any danger to the health of people. Q. Give us your impression, sir, of the search and rescue effort? The reason I ask that is that some of the families of the missing are complaining that the efforts are so disorganized that yesterday, they organized their own private search parties to go in and look for the missing. Could you comment on that, sir? THE PRESIDENT. I think Governor Ray would be a better qualified person to comment than would I. We will make available additional assistance through the Governor for the National Guard and whatever assistance is necessary from the Forest Service, the Parks Service, from the Corps of Engineers in helping to open up transportation routes, and, obviously, from the military forces for surveillance and location of people, the movement of bodies when they are discovered-all this will be very carefully coordinated. It's dangerous now to go up into that region because of very low visibility, large clouds of steam coming out of the melting ice that's covered up by this hot deposits of mud, and if you see this site, you will know that the people that were anywhere in that close region just could not possibly have survived. But around the periphery of the destroyed area, search and rescue operations can be conducted without danger to the people making the search effort. My only response is I don't believe that anything additionally can be done, and my hope is that private search efforts will be minimal or, if they are made, that they will only be conducted after clearance from those who are in charge of the official search and rescue effort. 953 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Q. I'd like to get your personal thoughts-as you flew over the devastation and observed all this from the volcano, what were your personal thoughts? THE PRESIDENT. Well, my personal thoughts-I've tried to describe them. Anyone who flew over-and there were a good many news people who did-would know that there is no way to prepare oneself for the sight that we beheld this morning. I don't know that there's-in recorded history in our Nation, that there's ever been a more formidable explosion. What happened apparently was a natural explosion equivalent maybe to 10 megatons of nuclear bombs or 10 million tons of TNT that swept across, first with a flash of light and heat-800 to 1,000 degrees out 12, 15 miles away-that instantly burned everything that was in direct visual sight of the explosion itself. This was later followed, in 2 or 3 minutes, by the pressure wave, that travels at the speed of sound. And then that was later followed by this enormous gush of liquid rock, mixed with air and to some degree with ice, that comprised 1 cubic mile of material. So, the combination of these three things is just almost indescribable. I don't want to add a frivolous or a lighthearted note to a serious discussion, but I would guess that in the future, a year from now, or whatever, when access can be provided under the careful control of the State and Federal officials, that this will be a sight that people will come from all over the world to observe. The impressiveness of the force of nature is overwhelming, and when safe places are fixed for tourists and others, and scientists, to come in and observe it, I would say that it would be, if you'll excuse the expression, a tourist attraction that would equal the Grand Canyon or something. It's an unbelievable sight. But obviously this will come much later, when the damage to people and their property can be restored, and when careful plans can be made to provide access to it by people who want to come and observe it. No one should go in there now unless they're on official business. Q. Mr. President, have you gotten any preliminary estimates-and I know it's very early-but any preliminary estimates at all on how much this is actually going to cost the Federal Government? THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't know yet. We'll be preparing that. And of course, it will be of such a magnitude that a special request will have to be made. I don't think we'll be able to accommodate it out of normal budgeted funds. Q. I'm Pearl Naley from Skamania County, where this mountain is, and I was wondering, did you have a chance, first of all, to see our county seat? Were you able to land while you were flying over? Did you stop? THE PRESIDENT. No. We landed at Kelso so that I could visit some of the people who were evacuated and to see how they were being taken care of. We'll be leaving here and going to Spokane. We'll fly in Air Force One as close to the mountain as possible, perhaps just to observe it, as a matter of interest. And we'll be going to Spokane to see the problems of the removal of the powdered ash-that, I understand, varies in depth from half an inch to 5 or 6 inches-in the western part of Washington, and also in the northern part of Idaho and other States as well. But we did not have a chance to land in that area. When the helicopter pilot decided to turn around I did not argue with him. [Laughter] 954 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 22 Q. We'll invite you back to Skamania County. THE PRESIDENT. Good. Q. I was very interested in the recreation and tourism, because that would provide extra jobs for the people of the Columbia River gorge, and I'm interested in the public relations of the entire Columbia River gorge. The funding part of the recreation and tourism hasn't really taken off yet. Could you give us any indication of when that might be possible in this devastated area? THE PRESIDENT. No, I hesitate to mention that, because it's so far in the future. I really mentioned that only to show the enormity of the catastrophe or the explosion and how unique it is, at least in my knowledge, of the entire world. But that is far in the future, and I don't think it's any time Q. In my lifetime? THE PRESIDENT. Oh, I think so, yes. I hope you live much longer than that. Q. Mr. President, what do you think the value has been of this trip? THE PRESIDENT. Well, it's let me and the Secretary of Interior and Agriculture, the Secretary of the Army, the Director of our Federal emergency operation, my major science adviser, we have the Director of the National Institute of Health, and those who work with them, along with the congressional delegation from these Northwestern States, all see at first hand what the devastation is, which I could never have dreamed before I came here; and also see the need for close cooperation in the future, both for correcting the damage as rapidly as possible, as it relates to human beings, and then to minimize economic losses, and then to devise a way, slowly, to restore the area, not to its original condition, because that would be impossible, but to habitable and safe con ditions. Also, I think it's let us lay the groundwork for future assessments of how to pay for these enormous additional costs. This is the essence of the reason for our trip. And I think it's important, too, to the news media, to let other people in this Nation, who are taxpayers and who will have to share in the costs for the repair of damage, to know how serious this event was. Those are some of the immediate benefits, I would say. Q. Mr. President, in the area around St. Helens, there's a mixed ownership of land, as you know. Is any consideration being given to a blocking up of the ownership-so that one agency will be in charge of that entire area? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know, originally when this area of our Nation was settled, on alternate sections of land the railroads had title to it. As a matter of fact, the very peak of Mount St. Helens is owned privately now, by the railroad. There will beQ. It's been spread all over the countryside. THE PRESIDENT. That's right. Part of that land has been spread all over the countryside. [Laughter] But the location is still there a little bit deeper. I talked to the park superintendent, and over a period of years in the past, and now maybe at an accelerated degree in the future, there will be an exchange of federally owned land for that particular land around Mount St. Helens to bring it under Federal control, not only for its protection from change, so that it can be observed in its natural state as much as possible, but also to ensure safety and proper access to it for scientists and others. 955 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 My guess is that over a period of time the Mount St. Helens explosion will be one of intense interest to geologists and volcanologists and others from all over the world, and it'll be a scientific curiosity in the finest sense of that word. So, I would guess to you that there will be an accelerated effort by the Federal Government, and Cecil Andrus is here, the Secretary of Interior. Q. Would that include the removal of any of the timber that's down now, rather than leaving it in the state in which it now exists? THE PRESIDENT. I think there will be an effort to remove that timber instead of leaving it, because if you left it, it would only be there for 3 or 4 or 5 years before it decayed. And my hope is that we can have an accelerated harvesting of that timber, maybe providing additional jobs in that transition phase. As I said earlier, I think about 40 percent of the downed timber is privately owned and about 40 by the Federal Government and 20 by the State, roughly. There's about 150 square miles north of Mount St. Helens that's devastated. There's no living timber in it. Maybe one more question. Q. Mr. President, there hasn't been a major volcanic eruption in this country in well over 50 years. Is the Federal Government adequately prepared to deal with a disaster of this magnitude, or can residents of this region expect some delays and government snafus? THE PRESIDENT. I can't promise you that I as President have the ability to prevent a volcanic eruption. [Laughter] And my own experience is that government snafus are quite often not delayed. [Laughter] Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in Salon F at the Marriott Hotel. Spokane, Washington Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters Following a Meeting With State and Community Leaders. May 22, 1980 THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to make a brief statement and then answer a few questions, limiting the questions to the Mount St. Helens explosion and eruption and the aftereffects of it. This is a brief trip for me, but I wanted to come here with the Director of our Federal emergency management administration, responsible for the coordination of all the Federal efforts and the cooperation with local and State officials and others who are responsible for the alleviation of the problems that have arisen with the explosion and eruption. Also the Secretary of Agriculture is with me; the Secretary of Interior is here, the Secretary of the Army, responsible for the Corps of Engineers work. I have my own science adviser from the White House, who's an expert on geology and who specializes, coincidentally, in the kinds of problems that have now arisen. In addition, of course, we have other major officials; the Director of the National Institute of Health is along. They have been consulting very closely with State officials on how we might better cooperate in the future to minimize any danger or adverse effect of the Mount St. Helens explosion. It's been one of the most powerful and destructive national and natural phenom 956 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 22 ena in history. There's nothing in recorded history to equal what has been exerted here in force in the continental United States, equivalent, some have estimated, to 10 million tons of TNT or a 10-megaton bomb exploding of atomic power. I've flown into the area to see the devastation there, and it's truly unbelievable. Of course, east of the explosion was where most of the dust has settled, and this is a very troubling problem for us. In the area of Richfield, and about a 40-mile radius around there, is the heaviest concentration of this fallout material. It's 3 to 5 inches deep. Transportation is still obtsructed in that area, and, of course, here in Spokane there was about a half inch of the material deposited on the ground. The rain has alleviated an immediate problem of the fine dust in the air, but I hope that everyone, as the material dries out, will continue to wear facemasks of some kind to minimize the material that will go into one's lungs. We have assessed county by county already the damage being done here in eastern Washington, in Montana, and the northern panhandle area of Idaho and to some lesser degree in other States. This material is not toxic. Over a period of time it can be incorporated readily into the soil. There will undoubtedly be some damage to agriculture. Now those who produce milk are finding it impossible to market in some regions, of course, and the milk is having to be dumped, but we don't know of any troubling aspect of the long-range effect of the ash concentration in the degree that it is in most parts of eastern Washington. We will continue to work very closely with Governor Ray, with Governor Evans, and others who are responsible for the State effort, and of course, with local government officials on a continuing basis. One of the important aspects of any catastrophe like this is the concerted effort of individual citizens. There has been a remarkable absence of panic and a tremendous exhibition of patriotism, cooperation, and community effort to clean up in this region, and I want to congratulate the people here for that attitude and hope it will continue. The first responsibility, obviously, will be on individual citizens. The cities are doing the best job they can, under very difficult circumstances. Many tourists and others in some very small communities have exacerbated the problem. We have begun now to see transportation open up. We have, in addition to that, a need for considering how to finance the cleanup efforts that will be necessary, and, of course, we will go to the Congress for additional funds. Governor Ray and Governor Evans will have to provide additional State funds, and the local governments, of course, will have a responsibility as well. I recognize that in some areas funds cannot be increased through additional taxation. There will have to be a change in priorities in some degree, but I will ultimately be responsible for this coordination of effort. I'd like now to ask for any questions. I'll answer two or three questions if I've overlooked something in which you REPORTER. Mr. President, what specific requests were made to you by some of the local officials upstairs in the meeting? THE PRESIDENT. They requested specifically that there be a local concentration of effort by the National Guard in the use of equipment that's already in this area. This is a joint Federal-State responsibility, as you know. Governor Evans 957 70-808 0 - 81 - 62: QL 3 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 requested that I declare an emergency for eight counties in the panhandle region of Idaho, and I've done this verbally and it'll be done in writing as soon as I get back to Washington and get his request. Obviously, the large cities like Spokane, once they get a moderate degree of cleanup completed, can help the surrounding smaller communities that don't have the trucks, the graders, and other things that are required. We will assess on a county-by-county basis the agricultural problems. I have authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to extend the storage period for wheat. As you know, the time was to run out at the end of May for the storage of carryover wheat. Since the transportation facilities, a few places like Portland and down the Columbia River, are restrained right now because of silting in the Columbia River, we've extended that time for 1 month and, if necessary, will extend it additionally for certain regions of the impacted areas. Those are the kinds of requests that we have received so far. Q. Mr. President, what does the Federal declaration mean to the average homeowner and to the average farmer? THE PRESIDENT. Well, it means that in particular instances, low-interest loans can be made for the repair of damage. In some instances, direct grants will be available-or funds, but this is an extraordinary case where the damage is very severe and of a nature that can't possibly be handled by the family or the business person. It obviously means that the National Guard can be used and Federal forces can be concentrated in this region. We have in addition to that, surveillance going on in the damaged area around-north of Mount St. Helens, where we are still searching for roughly 71 people who are missing. And both recovery of bodies and the search and rescue operation is being conducted by Federal agencies like the forestry service and the Interior Department with the Park Service. We also are permitted to go ahead on an emergency basis, without adequate funding assured, to dredge the channel in the Columbia River. We hope that in, say, 3 days, we'll have a one-way channel at least 25 feet deep to get the ships out into the ocean who are now stranded in the Portland Harbor. These are the kinds of activities that can go on immediately under an emergency declaration. Q. Mr. President, has there been any other indication on more volcanic activity of a very substantial nature of Mount St. Helens? THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Most of the volcanologists believe that there will be additional activity involving Mount St. Helens with heavy magma bubbling up from in the Earth and forming a new dome there. They believe, however, that the tremendous pressures that build up in Mount St. Helens that resulted in the explosion will not be repeated, because the cone of the mountain has been destroyed, approximately 1 cubic mile of earth and rocks have been blown away by the explosion, and the mountain is now about 1,200 feet lower than it used to be. So, this has vented out those tremendous pressures that built up that resulted in explosive force. But I think there will be further eruptions. Yesterday there was an earth tremor that measured about 4 on the Richter Scale, which is serious but not damaging. My hope is that people who would be sightseers will stay away from the area. 958 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 2 2 Prior to the eruption, there was kind of an organized effort by many people to circumvent roadblocks and to go into an area that was acknowledged to be dangerous. Many of those will never again be found. That's a large portion of those who are still missing, is those who did not obey the safety precautions. So, I think there is no immediate danger. What we thought originally, that the ash might be toxic, is not true. It is not toxic. It has about the same acidity as normal rainfall, for instance. There is no poisonous materials in the ash. We were afraid there would be very severe adverse environmental problems. That is not the case. We thought that Spirit Lake might be on the verge of a massive break through the dam that was formed by the ash and might flood Kelso and other cities further downstream. We don't believe that's a real danger now. It'll probably, over a long evolutionary period, cut through that damming material and form a new channel in effect. So, the immediate fear, I think, has been alleviated in these kinds of instances. Q. Mr. President, have you been advised as to how much the rainfall has helped? THE PRESIDENT. It's hard to say. I think you here in Spokane would see that the situation now with the material compacted to about a half or a third of its former depth and the particles in the air being constrained by the rainfall has helped. What will occur in the future, I don't know, but obviously rainfall has helped. We don't know what the long-range effect is. We will be concentrating a special science advisory committee, coordinated between my own science adviser, Dr. Frank Press, Governor Ray, Governor Evans, and others, to see what kind of vegetation might ultimately grow, for instance, on the ash that's deposited west of Spirit Lake, to see what can be done about predicting more accurately the future activities in Mount St. Helens. It's an extraordinary physical occurrence with-and will be extremely valuble for science to study in the future, but I just can't answer your question any better than that. Q. Mr. President, in your conversations with citizens around the State of Washington have you heard complaints about the response by the National Guard and by State agencies in this situation? THE PRESIDENT. Most of the comments have been congratulatory in nature. Obviously, if someone's isolated in a farm home or if there's a very severely impacted town, like Richfield, they are dissatisfied at the response so far. But I believe you've seen here, if you're from Spokane, that there was enough to keep everybody busy right here, and our first responsibility was to minimize danger to life itself, among human beings, to remove people from the impacted area, which Governor Ray did so superbly and those who worked with her, and to make sure safety is maintained. The second step, of course, is to clean up the mess and ultimately to restore the beauty and the quality of life in this region. The longrange handling of economic impact, a loss of income on the farms, and the interruption of commerce-those kinds of things, can be considered in a more orderly fashion as a less high priority. One of the very serious problems, of course, is that of the Toutle River Valley. The roads are completely gone, and there's 150 square miles of land, very beautiful forestland, that's absolutely destroyed as far as the timber is concerned. But these kinds of things can be handled 959 Maxr 22 Admtnistration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 in an orderly fashion. It's going to take a long time to correct the damage. Q. What could be the long-term effect on the Northwest and on the Nation itself if the eruptions continue? THE PRESIDENT. I don't believe there's any danger of those eruptions continuing in a damaging fashion if people will simply stay out of that danger area. Most of the eruptions in the future are very likely to be so-called magma, which is molten rock, and not an explosion, as took place in the past. But historically when the Mount St. Helens or other Cascade Mountain volcanoes have exploded, the eruptions and the tremors have continued for 10 or 12 years or maybe more than a decade. But they've not been explosive in nature, and I think the likelihood of a future explosion would be minimal. I've got scientists who've told me that. I don't know any of that on my own. Q. Mr. President, can you tell me how much you're going to ask Congress to appropriate? THE PRESIDENT. I don't know yet. We'll have to go to Congress for a special appropriation of emergency funds, and fortunately for Washington the chairman of the Appropriations Committee has come out here with me. Senate Magnuson is extremely stingy with the taxpayers' money, and ordinarily singlehandedly he cuts the budget about $15 billion. But he's assured me and a few people in the State of Washington that he will not be stingy when it comes to providing emergency funds for you. Is that right? Q. In Idaho, I'd like to ask you how helpful Governor Evans and his staff have been. THE PRESIDENT. Perfect. By the way, Governor Evans asked this morning that I declare the eight counties in the panhandle region of Idaho to be an emergency area, and I've already authorized that that be done, verbally, and we'll conclude the paperwork later on. I think that's enough questions. I'm really grateful that you would come and let me be with you. I've learned a lot. Senator Magnuson would like toSENATOR MAGNUSON. May I say something? I want to, on behalf of the people of the State of Washington, Idaho, and the rest of them, thank the President for showing a great concern about our problem. And we're going to attack the best way we can. It's an unknown situation. We don't know what the effect's going to be on agriculture or water or things of that kind. But the immediate problem requires some action. He's assured me that he will back up the action. He has to come to Congress to get the money to do it. It isn't only money; it's the whole business of getting coordination together. And he's brought with him out here the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, and John Macy, who handles the emergency matters, and we're all going to get together and we're going to take care of this situation. I want to thank you on behalf of the people of the State of Washington, Idaho, and everything else, for showing your deep concern about this matter. THE PRESIDENT. I might point out that every 2 weeks in the White House I meet with five Members of the House and five Members of the Senate, the Democratic 960 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 2 2 leadership. Senator Magnuson comes because he's, as you know, the President pro tern and because he's chairman of the Appropriations Committee, and he's a senior Member of the Senate as far as time of service is concerned. It's a very reassuring thing to me. Another of the five Members of the House who comes, along with the Speaker and the Majority Leader, is Tom Foley. And his tremendously beneficial impact, not only on the leadership but also agriculture is helpful to the whole Nation. The damage in this eastern part of Washington is potentially most severe on farmers, ranchers, and their people. And to have Tom Foley as the chairman of the Agriculture Committee, and also in the five top people in the House of Representatives, is a tremendous benefit to this region. Tom is the one, for instance, who suggested to me and to the Secretary of Agriculture that we extend the time for farm storage. I never would have thought about it on my own, but he's familiar with the problems. And I think your having these two men to serve you, along with Governor Ray, who has a scientific background and who's been on top of this problem from the very beginning, is extremely helpful. So, to work with this group and with Don Bonker and with Governor Evans and others is extremely reassuring to me as President. I'm also grateful for all the local officials who helped me. Mayor Bair not only told me about his own city, Spokane, but he was almost as deeply concerned about the smaller communities around here who don't have the cleanup equipment and facilities of his own, that he does. So, I think the community effort on the broadest possible definition of community has been extremely helpful to every citizen, and gratifying to me as President. Thank you again. NOTE: The President spoke at 2:45 p.m. at the Spokane International Airport fire station. Following the question-and-answer session, the President returned to Washington, D.C. Federal Reserve System White House Statement on the Board of Governors' Actions To Ease Credit Restraints. May 22, 1980 The actions taken today by the Federal Reserve Board to relax credit restraints are appropriate in view of the success in moderating credit demands and reversing inflationary psychology since the March 14 program was announced. The Federal Reserve actions will help to assure greater availability of funds for lending to small businesses, farmers, automobile dealers and buyers, and many other borrowers. Since the cost incurred by banks in obtaining lendable funds will be lower, the rates that banks charge their customers should also decline. The administration is particularly concerned that the prime rate of interest has fallen much less than other interest rates in recent weeks. In late March the prime rate of interest was about 2 to 2V2 percentage points above the interest rate on short-term commercial paper. Since then, the spread has widened to more than 6 to 6/2 percentage points. We hope that banks will act promptly to pass on to their loan customers the benefits of the reduction in costs of funds they are now experiencing. 961 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Asian/Pacific American Democratic Caucus Remarks at the First Annual Dinner. May 22, 1980 First of all, let me thank my friends Danny Inouye, Senator Sparky Matsunaga, Congressman Norm Mineta, Congressman Matsui, Congressman Akaka, and all the wonderful Asian Americans who've come here tonight to thrill the heart of a Democratic President and to thrill the heart of a chairman of the Democratic National Committee and all Americans who believe in freedom, who believe in strength through unity, and who see the past history of this Nationjust a preview of what wonderful life we have ahead of us in the years to come. I'm very delighted to be here at this first annual meeting of the Asian Americans in the Congress. Danny Inouye gave me an invitation I could not refuse. He said, "Mr. President, if you'll come and be the speaker at our first annual meeting, I promise you that the next 4 years we'll invite you back." I'm sorry I'm a little late. I just came in from a trip out west. And some of you could understand, but I'm sure that Congressman Akaka and Senator Inouye and Senator Matsunaga could not understand what a long and difficult a trip it is all the way to the State of Washington and back. [Laughter] I went because we had a terrible catastrophe there, perhaps the most devastating explosion ever to take place in the continental region of the United States in the last 4,000 years. A volcano, Mount St. Helens, in the State of Washington, literally exploded and transformed a major part of 1 cubic mile of stone and earth and ice, most of it into ash the consistency of face powder, obviously with a large quantity of heavy stones and large particles of ice instantaneously. This explosion was equivalent to a 10-megaton nuclear bomb-10 million tons of TNT. It literally destroyed everything within a 150-mile square region and catapulted all of this material down into what was formerly a large lake, and dammed this lake up with a new dam 400 feet deep and 12 miles long. We don't know how many people were killed. Seventy-one people are still missing in the region. I flew over it this morning in a helicopter as close as I could get safely to observe the damage and to prepare our Nation to help correct in human life the devastation that has already taken place in that region. I found the people there not to have panicked, but to have shown immense courage, great care for one another, a sense of community, a sense of common commitment, typical, in my opinion, of what our Nation is. In a time of trial, of test, of catastrophe, trouble, challenge, our Nation has never failed to be united, to be courageous, to care for one another, and to demonstrate strength. Economically we are facing serious challenges. We are facing the challenge of international terrorism, condoned and supported by the Government of Iran, against 53 Americans. We are facing the challenge of aggression, with the Soviets having marshaled 110,000 heavily armed troops to stamp out freedom in the nation of Afghanistan. We are facing the challenge of uniting, not only in our own country but among our allies, to face these difficulties together. I feel confident about the outcome, because our future is based on strength, economic strength. The gross national product of this country is far greater than any other on Earth. 962 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 2 2 This year, we'll produce $2,000 billion worth of economic goods and products for our people. The nation with the highest productivity among its workers on Earth is the United States of America. We feel a great deal of concern about OPEC and their control of the energy resources of the world. We sometimes forget that all the OPEC nations put together have about 6 percent of the energy resources on Earth. This country has more than 20 percent of the energy resources. And ours is not just confined to oil and natural gas. We have that, yes. But we also have coal and shale and geothermal supplies and a wide diversity of opportunities for the future plus rich land that can produce energy sources forever. We are a land whose strength is dependent upon our people. And I would say the greatest single source of strength is the diversity of our people. We are a nation of immigrants. We are a nation of refugees. My own family came here many years ago, more than 300 years ago, searching for freedom, searching for a better life, searching for the right to worship as we pleased, searching for a chance to carve out a future based on the value of a human being, an individual, not dominated by the government, but with a government dominated by the people. And in that diversity we have accumulated in this country large numbers of citizens with direct ties to every other nation on Earth-a tremendous resource and benefit for our country. Those ties of kinship, ties of love, ties of understanding, common heritage, religious faith provide us with beneficial influence to guarantee a future that will be guaranteeing a better life for us, a life of peace, and a life of good relationships with others. In the last few months, even, we've had a tremendous movement forward in ac cumulation of friendships. The normalization of relationships with China has brought more than a billion people, a fourth of all the population on Earth, into a new opportunity as it relates to this country. At the same time we have not damaged at all our friendship and our trade responsibilities and a common future with the people of Taiwan. As a matter of fact, in the first quarter of this year, compared to the first quarter of last year, trade with Taiwan increased 65 percent. Ours is a country that is a superpower. Other nations look to us for leadership. We do not shirk that leadership. We're on the cutting edge of change. We've never been afraid of change. And as we've been tempered by challenge, by difficulty, by meeting and solving problems, by meeting and answering questions, by meeting and overcoming obstacles, our Nation has carved out for itself a better life. This doesn't mean that we think that we're better than others, because we know that we are part of others. We respect other people around the world. We're trying to find a common basis on which we can predicate a common future with them. We do not want to dominate any other people on Earth. We want to live in harmony and live in peace with them. As Danny Inouye pointed out, this is a time of transition. World history is being changed in this present day, not only a limitation on energy supplies that have transformed economic problems and created enormous pressure of inflation, which we are meeting successfully, but a change in lifestyle. There's a hunger for the realization of human rights, a hunger and a demand for the right of each human being in many nations on Earth now to control one's own destiny, to have the elements of the rudiments of democracy, the benefits of freedom. 963 May 22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 That's a new development that is making turmoil in the political interrelationships among nations. We are not afraid of that. We can meet challenges of this kind without resort to military weapons and do is successfully, because we know how and we've proven in our own country the benefits that can be derived from that revolutionary spirit based upon freedom, democracy, and the honoring of human rights. In the world today, there are probably 3 million refugees, 8 or 9 hundred thousand refugees who've escaped from Afghanistan, most into Pakistan, some into Iran. Hundreds of thousands of refugees have escaped from the Ethiopian area into Somalia and into other countries that border on Ethiopia. There's a potential flood of refugees trying to escape from the Castro regime in Cuba, hundreds of thousands of refugees escaping from the domination by the Vietnamese, the people in Kampuchea. In almost every instance, the escapees are trying to get away from communism, sponsored by, condoned by, supported by, financed by the Soviet Union. This is not said to condemn the Soviet Union, although they are subject to legitimate condemnation for many things. But the worldwide problem of refugees is caused by the deprivation of freedom and the attempt by governments to subjugate their own people. That makes our country even more attractive. When the wall was built around Berlin, East Germany, it was not to keep people from coming into East Germany; it was built to prevent people from escaping from East Germany into a democratic western world. We've tried, as you know, to be a nation with open arms still and to receive those refugees as best we can in an orderly fashion in accordance with our own laws. You, perhaps above all other Americans, understand the benefits of foreign aid. A difficult political issue, one easy to demagog, and your congressional leaders sitting on this dais with me know that if we are to meet those challenges from communism, from totalitarian governments in a nonmilitary way, we must reach out an economic hand with a good investment-not a gift, but an investment-to let others buy our goods and to know that mutual advantages can be derived from trade and from understanding and from loans that they'll repay and from the production of food and from the production of energy-the direct results of economic aid coming from our rich country. But one of the most difficult things to get through the Congress by a President is an adequate foreign aid bill. Our friendships with the ASEAN nations-growing week by week, month by month, because we see that accurately as the fastest growing economic region of the world. As we look to Asia, to all the countries there, from countries bordering on the northern part of the China Sea all the way up through Korea, to island countries, we are proud of those ties of friendship and blood kinship that gives us the potential of being one international family. As President I'm very deeply grateful to you. As a Democrat I'm very deeply grateful to you, because our party represents concern for people. It's not a misnomer that for generations we've been known as the people's party, the party of the people. Our concern is for the poor and for the deprived, for the handicapped, for those that don't speak English well, because we know that our original strength came from immigrants, those searching for a better life, and those who believe even more deeply in the first few 964 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 May 23 generations in the values of our Nation, which never change. You've honored me by letting me come to be with you tonight. And I hope this will be an ever-growing annual affair when we can reassess our debt to Asian people who gave us such a tremendous strength, represented by you, as in the past we've been indebted to Europe and to other regions of the world. And this new evolution of political awareness on the part of Asian Americans will greatly benefit our country. And I hope these five Members of Congress will be many more as you have succeeding annual banquets, and eventually perhaps all these head tables will be filled by Members of Congress who are Asian Americans. So, don't be timid. Don't run against the ones who are already incumbents. [Laughter] But pick out wonderful, non-Asian Republicans-[laughter]-and help us win a great victory in November and in years to come. Thank you very much. NOTE: The President spoke at 9:47 p.m. in the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act Statement on Signing H.R. 10 Into Law. May 23, 1980 I am very pleased today to sign into law the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act. This act will give the Attorney General the authority to initiate lawsuits against any public institution-such as a mental hospital, a long-term care facility, or a prison-that systematically violates the rights of the people confined there. The extensive record established through many days of hearings in the Congress shows that, to our national shame, there are still instances of grave mistreatment of the very people who need our special concern most, because their confinement makes them so vulnerable. This legislation will ensure that when negotiation, consultation, and other attempts to bring about voluntary corrective action by State officials have failed, the Attorney General, in the name of the United States, will be able to seek relief in a Federal court for violation of the rights of persons confined in publicly run and financed institutions that abuse those rights on a widespread basis. At a time when this Nation has reaffirmed its commitment to basic human rights around the world, it is fitting and proper to promote the protection of human rights here at home. In signing this bill, I want to emphasize my position, and that of the Attorney General, that the provision in section 7(b) subjecting the Attorney General's model standards for State prisoner administrative remedies to a legislative veto is unconstitutional under Article I, ~ 7, of the Constitution insofar as it deprives the President of the opportunity to veto congressional action that has the effect of law. The Attorney General will transmit his standards to Congress as required by ~ 7(b) and will wait 30 legislative days before implementing them. Although the Attorney General will carefully consider any congressional views that are expressed regarding the standards, he will not treat any resolution of "disapproval" as binding. I want to commend all of those in the Congress who worked so diligently for 965 May 23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 many years to see this legislation enacted. It came about through the efforts of many persons who hold a wide diversity of views on many subjects, but put aside those differences while working together on this very important issue. NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 10 is Public Law 96 -247, approved May 23. United States Olympic Committee Announcement of a Meeting on the Committee's Fundraising Drive. May 23, 1980 President Carter met today with approximately 20 chairmen and presidents of leading American corporations to urge their support of the United States Olympic Committee's forthcoming drive to raise $30 million. The funds are needed to meet the shortfall in the Committee's regular fundraising campaign resulting from the Committee's decision, made at the request of the President and the Congress, not to send a United States team to the games in Moscow this summer. The President has previously requested that Congress appropriate $10 million to assist the new fundraising drive on a matching basis, at the rate of 1 Federal dollar for each 2 dollars contributed from private sources. The Committee expects to announce its new drive early next week. NOTE: Participants in the meeting are listed in the press release. Digest of Other White House Announcements The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of general interest announced by the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue. May 18 The President returned to the White House from Camp David, Md. May 19 The President met at the White House wvith: -Zbigniewv Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; Secretary of State Edmund S. Muskie; -Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the President for Congressional Liaison; -Ambassador Donald F. McHenry, U.S. Representative to the United Nations; -the 1980-81 White House Fellows; -Vice President Walter F. Mondale; -Senator George Mitchell of Maine. May 20 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; Members of the House of Representatives; Mr. Moore; -Representative Adam Benjamin, Jr., and community leaders from Lake County, Ind.; -Representative John J. Rhodes of Arizona; James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget. May 21 The President met at the White House with: -Dr. Brzezinski; -Mr. Moore; 966 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 -representatives of the hotel industry to discuss pricing policies; -Ambassador Reubin O'D. Askew, Special Trade Representative. The President announced the appointment of two members and four advisermembers of the Council on Wage and Price Stability. They are: Members AMBASSADOR REUBIN O'D. ASKEW, U.S. SPECIAL TRADE REPRESENTATIVE; SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PHILIP M. KLUTZNICK. Adviser-members SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE BOB BERGLAND; SECRETARY OF ENERGY CHARLES W. DUNCAN, JR.; SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PATRICIA ROBERTS HARRIS; SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MOON LANDRIEU. The President declared an emergency for the State of New York as a result of the adverse impact of chemical wastes in the Love Canal chemical waste landfill in the city of Niagara Falls, beginning on or about May 5. The President declared a major disaster for the State of Louisiana as a result of severe storms and flooding, beginning on or about May 15, which caused extensive property damage. The President declared a major disaster for the State of Washington as a result of the volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens, beginning on May 18, which caused extensive property damage. The President left the White House for a trip to the Pacific Northwest States to conduct an inspection tour of areas damaged by the Mount St. Helens eruption. Following his arrival in Portland, Oreg., the President went to the Gifford Pinchot National Forest Headquarters in Vancouver, Wash., for a meeting with Fed eral, State, and local leaders to discuss the disaster and relief efforts for the region. May 23 The President met at the White House with: -Secretary of Defense Harold Brown, Secretary Muskie, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Mustafa Khalil, former Prime Minister of Egypt; -Mr. Moore; -Vice President Muhammad Husni Mubarak of Egypt, Secretary Muskie, and Dr. Brzezinski; -Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Mr. Jordan, and Dr. Brzezinski. The President left the White House for a weekend stay at Camp David, Md. The President confirmed that he declared a major disaster for the State of Idaho yesterday, May 22, as a result of the volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens, beginning on May 18, which caused extensive property damage. NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED TO THE SENATE The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers. Submitted May 19, 1980 MARTHA KEYS, of Kansas, to be an Assistant Secretary of Education (Legislation) (new position). Submitted May 20, 1980 The following-named persons to be members of the United States Metric Board for terms expiring March 23, 1986: MARCUS B. CROTTS, of North Carolina, vice Henry Kroeze, term expired. 967 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 NOMINATIONS-Continued Submitted May 20-Continued FRANCIS R. DUGAN, of Ohio (reappointment). TIMOTHY L. JENKINS, of the District of Columbia, to be a Governor of the United States Postal Service for the remainder of the term expiring December 8, 1982, vice Robert Earl Holding, resigned. PAULA D. HUGHES, of New York, to be a Governor of the United States Postal Service for the term expiring December 8, 1987, vice Charles H. Codding, term expired. DAVID E. BABCOCK, of Arizona, to be a Governor of the United States Postal Service for the term expiring December 8, 1988, vice Hayes Robertson, term expired. Submitted May 21, 1980 BLANDINA CARDENAS RAMIREZ, of Texas, to be a member of the Commission on Civil Rights, vice Robert S. Rankin, deceased. Submitted May 22, 1980 ROBERT BOOCHEVER, of Alaska, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, vice Shirley M. Hufstedler, resigned. HORACE W. GILMORE, of Michigan, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan, vice Cornelia G. Kennedy, elevated. CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASES The following listing contains releases of the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue. Released May 21, 1980 Text: President's financial disclosure report for 1979 Announcement: nomination of Horace W. Gilmore to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan CHECKLIST-Continued Released May 22, 1980 Announcement: nomination of Robert Boochever to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit ACTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT Approved May 19, 1980 H.R. 126 --- —--------- Public Law 96-244 An act to permit the Secretary of the Interior to accept privately donated funds and to expend such funds on property on the National Register of Historic Places. Approved May 21, 1980 H.R. 5673 --- —------- Public Law 96-245 An act to authorize the use of certified mail for the transmission or service of matter which, if mailed, is required by certain Federal laws to be transmitted or served by registered mail, and for other purposes. Approved May 23, 1980 H.R. 6839 --- —------ Public Law 96-246 An act to authorize appropriations under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 to carry out State cooperative programs through fiscal year 1982. H.R. 10 --- —---------- Public Law 96-247 Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act. H.R. 3928 --- —-------- Public Law 96-248 An act to amend the Act of November 8, 1978 (92 Stat. 3095), to designate certain Cibola National Forest lands as additions to the Sandia Mountain Wilderness, New Mexico. 968 INDEX Aaron, David L., meetings with the President (Digest) --- —--------------- 103, 267, 268, 291,292, 333, 607, 653, 891, 930 Ablard, Charles David --- —-------- 56, 218 Abraham ------------------------- 528 Abrahamson, Joan --- —------------- 948 Abrams, Harvey A --- —------------- 192 Academy. See other part of title Accounting firm representatives, meeting with the President (Digest) --- — 825 Aceves, Jose --- —------------------ 218 Acid rain --- —------------------ 448, 473 Acosta, Raymond L --- —------------ 269 Acosta, Salvador A --- —------------ 928 ACTION -------------- 281, 291, 328, 696 Adams, Ansel --- —----------------- 751 Adams, Harmon H --- —------------- 19 Adams, J. M. G --- —---------------- 824 Adams, John --- —------------------ 809 Addams, Jane --- —----------------- 630 Addresses to the Nation Iran, rescue attempt for American hostages in --- —---------------- 772 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan --- —- 21 State of the Union --- —----------- 194 Addresses and Remarks See also Bill Signings; News Conferences Administration policies, White House briefing for civic and community leaders ----------------------- 458 Afghanistan, White House briefing for Congressmen ------------------ 38 AFL-CIO, Building and Construction Trades Department, national conference ----------------------- 577 American Legion --- —------------ 344 Anti-inflation program President's announcement of new initiatives ------------------- 476 White House briefing for community leaders --------------------- 511 Asian/Pacific American Democratic Caucus ----------------------- 962 Budget, 1981 Message signing ceremony --- —--- 225 Revisions signing ceremony --- —-- 568 Caribbean/Central American Action- 624 Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc --- —------------------ 937 Community and civic leaders, White House briefings --- —------------ 801 Consumer Federation of America ---- 278 Cuban refugee policy --- —--------- 912 Addresses and Remarks-Continued Democratic Party, congressional campaign dinner --- —-------------- 538 Education Department, inauguration ceremonies ----------------- 850, 855 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, first anniversary reception --- —------- 525 Energy, White House briefings for community and religious leaders --- —- 49, 367,511,845 Energy conservation in transportation, White House briefing --- —------ 787 Equal rights amendment, White House briefing ----------------------- 921 Ethnic and fraternal organization leaders, White House briefing --- — 648 Foreign leaders, U.S. visits Australia, Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser --- —------------- 284 Belgium, King Baudouin I and Queen Fabiola --- —---------- 757 Egypt, President Anwar al-Sadat- 617, 622 Germany, Federal Republic of, Chancellor Helmut Schmidt-_ 435, 441 Israel, Prime Minister Menahem Begin -------------------- 686, 694 Italy, Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga ------------------ 200, 207 Kenya, President Daniel T. arap Moi --------------------- 352, 357 Frances Perkins Building, Labor Department, dedication ceremony ---- 629 Friendship Force, reception for South American participants --- —------ 944 Health and Human Services Department, inauguration ceremonies ---- 908 Hubert H. Humphrey tribute in New England, telephone remarks to Worcester, Mass --- —----------- 935 Inflation, White House briefing for community leaders --- —--------- 845 International trade functions, Executive order signing --- —--------- 5 Interviews with the news media American Society of Newspaper Editors ------------------------ 631 Editors and news directors --- —- 87, 239, 337, 385, 658, 900 Foreign correspondents --- —----- 668 Harte-Hanks Communications --- — 761 John Chancellor, NBC News --- —- 35 "Meet the Press" --- —---------- 107 Pennsylvania reporters --- —--- 723, 742 Westinghouse Broadcasting Co., Inc ------------------------ 733 A-1 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Addresses and Remarks-Continued Iran, American hostage situation Rescue mission Eulogy for servicemen killed in attempt --- ------------ Visit with injured servicemen_ — Return of American citizens, telephone conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Clark --- —Transfer from militants to Iranian Government, possibility of --- —U.S. sanctions --- ----------- White House briefing for Congressmen ----- ------------- Japan-U.S. Agreement on Cooperation in Research and Development in Science and Technology, signing ceremony --- —------- Labor Council for Latin American Advancement ------- ---- Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, Hubert H. Humphrey Award dinner --------------------- League of Women Voters --- —----- Mount St. Helens, Wash., eruption Portland, Oreg., inspection tour of damaged areas ---- ------ Spokane, Wash., remarks following meeting with State and community leaders — ----------- National Afro-American (Black) History Month, message signing ceremony ---- ---------- National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979, final report reception --- —------------ National Conference of Artists --- —-- National Conference on Physical Fitness And Sports for All --- —--- National Conference of State Legislatures ----- ------ National Energy Education Day, proclamation signing ceremony --- —-- National 4-H Club --- —----------- National Governors' Association --- — National League of Cities --- —------ National Medal of Science presentation ceremony --- —---------- National prayer breakfast --- —------ National Religious Broadcasters --- —National security, White House briefing for community leaders --- —--- New Hampshire Democratic Party primary --- —----------- Olympics, 1980 Summer games, White House briefing for team representatives ---Winter team, White House reception --- —--------- Order of the American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association_ 864 786 255 576 611 38 816 857 221 828 950 956 84 752 600 259 552 509 701 397 495 80 275 180 Addresses and Remarks-Continued Philadelphia, Pa. Town meeting at Temple University ----- ------- World Affairs Council --- —---- Pittsburgh Pirates and Steelers, White House reception --- --------- President's Commission on the Coal Industry, reports reception --- —-- President's Committee on the Employment of the Handicapped --- —--- Project Head Start, 15th anniversary reception --------- St. Patrick's Day, White House celebration - ------ Second environmental decade, 10th anniversary celebration --- —------ Secretary of State Muskie Selection as Secretary — ------- Trip to Vienna, Austria --- —----- Small business leaders --- —--------- State attorneys general, district attorneys, and police chiefs, White House reception --------- ---- Student leaders, question-and-answer session ----- -------------- Swearing-in ceremonies Commerce Department, Secretary and Deputy Secretary --- —--- State Department, Secretary --- — United Jewish Appeal, National Young Leadership Conference ---U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, meeting with ------ ------- United States Conference of Mayors-_ U.S. foreign assistance, congressional briefing ------------------- Weizmann Institute of Science, reception of honorary degree --- —----- White House Commission on Small Business ------------ ---- White House Conference on Aging --- White House Conference on Regulatory Reform --- —-------------- White House Conference on Small Business --------------- Windfall profits tax legislation, telephone conversation with congressional leaders --- —-------------- Youth education and employment programs --- —---------- 874 867 369 471 808 462 500 414 791 896 515 412 324 43 861 377 755 212 941 646 916 534 57 68 542 52 367 Administration. See other part of title Adult Education, National Advisory 9 Council on --- —-------------- 267, 844 Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations --- —------ 104, 273,422 Advisory Committee on Federal Pay ----.468 517 Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards ---------- 504, 547, 549, 837-840 379 Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership ---- 262, 305 381 Advisory committees, Federal --- —---- 507 A-2 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Aegis cruiser --- —------------------ 475 Aeronautics Board, Civil --- —-------- 103 Aeronautics and Space Administration, National ---------------------- 563 Afghanistan Former President Hafizullah Amin —_ 672 Refugees Pakistan and Iran, flight to --- 256, 964 U.S. assistance --- —------------ 256 Soviet invasion Address to the Nation --- —------ 21, 25 American leadership, responsibility for ------------------------ 641 Conditions of withdrawal --- —---- 309 Effect on: Presidential campaign -------- 90, 243, 310, 729, 733, 746 SALT II treaty. See SALT II treaty under Strategic arms limitation U.S.-Soviet relations --- —--- 111, 406 Freedom-fighters ------------ 663, 747 Human rights, violation of --- —-- 634 International reaction Australia ---------------- 259,285 Commission of European Communities ------------------ 189 European Communities --- — 238, 900 France ------------------ 292,313 German Democratic Republic_- 41 Germany, Federal Republic of --- 189, 292, 313, 437, 439, 470, 719, 920 Islamic nations --- —---------- 88, 284, 325, 329, 390, 398, 459, 579, 642 Italy ---------------- 208, 210, 211 Kenya --------------- 353, 355, 358 Olympics, 1980 Summer, boycott. See International boycott under Olympics, 1980 Summer Pakistan -------------------- 68 Spain ---------------------- 83 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ----------------------- 91 United Nations. See under United Nations U.S. allies --- —----------- 388, 712 Mentions --------------------- 52, 194, 216, 367, 382, 553, 625, 649, 659, 685, 702, 867, 875, 938, 962 Prior knowledge of invasion_ — 244, 672 Public opinion --- —------------- 90 Threat to: Iran ---------------------- 40, 195 Oil supplies --- —---------- 197, 346 Southwest Asia --- —------- 511, 871 World peace --- — 196,634,639,669 U.S. leadership role in international reaction ----------------- 330, 386 U.S. retaliatory actions Agricultural exports suspension. See under Agricultural trade Afghanistan-Continued Soviet invasion-Continued U.S. retaliatory actions-Continued Draft registration. See Draft registration under Selective Service System Fishing restrictions in American waters ------------------ 23, 41, 196, 278, 634, 747 Mentions ------------ 796, 804, 889 Military capabilities improvement in Persian Gulf area. See under Persian Gulf area Olympics, 1980 Summer, boycott. See U.S. boycott under Olympics, 1980 Summer President's commitment to peaceful measures- 308, 325, 386, 398, 459 Technology and other strategic items transfer restrictions. See under Science and technology White House briefings --- —- 38, 63, 64 White House statement --- —----- 11 Trade beneficiary developing country, designation suspension and withdrawal -------------------- 429, 550 AFL-CIO Building and Construction Trades Department ---------------------- 577 Industrial Union Department --- —-- 930 International Labor Organization, support of --- —------------------- 307 Meany, George, role in --- —------ 56, 222 President ------------------— 27, 224n. Africa See also specific country Majority rule --- —------------- 673, 870 Soviet and Cuban intervention._ ---- 93, 108, 111 U.S. relations --- —--------- 172, 173, 870 Africa, southern Peace negotiations --- —----------- 198 U.S. policy --- —------------------ 172 African-American Visual Artists Week_- 601 Afro-American (Black) History Month, National ---------------------— 84, 85 Afro-American Life and History, Association for the Study of --- —---------- 85 Aged. See Older persons Agency. See other part of title Aging, Administration on --- —---- 291, 824 Aging, Federal Council on the. See Federal Council on the Aging Aging, White House Conference on ---- 462, 534, 539 Agricultural Adjustment Act --- —----- 503 Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act Amendments, Emergency --- —------ 567 Agricultural Development, Board for International Food and --- —--------- 323 Agricultural Editors' Association, American --------------------------- 563 A-3 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Agricultural trade Soviet grain suspension Effectiveness of embargo --- — 661, 747 Farmer-owned reserves legislation- 652 Letter to Speaker of House and President of Senate transmitting report ------------------- 183-188 Memorandum to Department Secretaries ------------------- 32 News conference (Checklist) ------ 219 1980 Presidential campaign, effect on ---------------------- 675, 740 President's comments --- —------- 23, 41, 92, 196, 391,634 State of the Union --- —--------- 160 U.S. levels increase --- —--- 125, 661, 904 Upland cotton imports --- —-------- 575 Agriculture, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Agricultural exports to Soviet Union, suspension actions --- —------ 161, 187 Assistant Secretary --- —----------- 281 Budget deferrals --- —----------- 355 Deputy Secretary --- —------ 41, 65, 703n. Economics, Policy Analysis and Budget, Director --- —----------- 219 Environmental protection activities —_ 352 Secretary. See Agriculture, Secretary of Under Secretary_ --- —--------- 145,219 Agriculture, farmers and farm sector See also Food Administration's accomplishments and goals ---------------------- 160, 748 Alcohol fuels production --- —------ 61 Credit Legislation ----------------- 567, 706 Seasonal loans --- —------------- 702 Crop insurance --- —-------------- 161 Democratic Congressmen, discussions with the President (Digest) --- —-- 774 Disaster payment program --- —----- 504 Energy conservation measures ---- 790, 904 Grain reserves --- —----------- 253,652 Impact of: Inflation ------------------ 723, 762 Mount St. Helens eruption ---- 951,957 Soviet grain shipments suspension — 23, 161, 183,230, 391, 519, 661 740 Income -------------- 253,701,903,904 President's comments on attitudes and values ----------------------- 701 Prices -------------------------- 706 Production industry representatives, meeting with the President --- —-- 893 Agriculture, National Association of State Departments of --- —--------- 492 Agriculture, Secretary of (Bob Bergland) For functions of the Department in general, see Agriculture, Department of Agricultural exports to Soviet Union, suspension actions --- — 32, 42, 161, 187 Agriculture, Secretary of-Continued Council on Wage and Price Stability, adviser-member ---------------- 967 Emergency credit loan functions ---- 567 Energy conservation responsibilities-_ 788 Farmer-owned grain reserve authority- 652 Meetings with the President (Digest) - 267, 423, 492, 825 Mention ------------------------ 391 Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance responsibilities --- —---- 951, 955, 956, 958, 961 Trade functions --- —------------- 8, 10 Trip to Iowa, report to President --- — 92 Upland cotton import determination- 575 Aguilar, Robert P --- —-------------- 608 Ahearne, John F --- —--------------- 131 Aid for Families With Dependent Children -------------------- 806,836,892 Aiello, Stephen R --- —-------------- 13 Air Act Amendments of 1978, Clean --- 416, 449 Air Force, Department of the American hostages in Iran, servicemen killed in rescue attempt for --- —-- 780n. Assistant Secretary --- —-------- 449, 453 Air Force Academy, United States__ 606, 757 Air Force One --- —---------------- 654 Air Quality, National Commission on_ — 508 Air Transportation Competition Act, International ---------------------- 332 Aircraft and aviation Industry deregulation Consumer prices reduction -—. 150, 281 Mentions ----------- 71,215,573,918 Small airplane construction business — 666 White House military passenger lists-_ 267 Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 --- —- 332 Akaka, Repr. Daniel K --- —---------- 962 Alabama Democratic Party primary --- —----- 461 Disaster declaration --- —---------- 774 U.S. district judges ------------ 64, 218 Alaska Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 461 National Petroleum Reserves --- —--- 63, 232, 233, 269 Oil supplies --- —---------------- 369 Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System -------------------------- 617 Albee, Sarah J --- —-------------- 929 Alberger, William R --- —------------ 948 Albright, Dr. Tenley --- —---------- 381 ALCOA. See Aluminum Company of America Alcohol fuels --- —------------- 61, 65,652 Alcohol Fuels Commission, National- 235, 899 Aldrich, Ann --- —-------------- 564 Alexander, Clifford L., Jr --- —---- 955, 956 Alexander, Sadie T. M --- —------- 534, 537 Ali, Gen. Kamal Hassan --- —----- 903,906 Ali, Muhammad --- —------------- 63,333 A-4 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Allen-Spilka, Janet --- —------------- 192 Allison, Thomas G --- —---------- 643, 775 Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA) ------------------ 552, 581 Alvarado, Jeanette --- —--------- 452 Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers ------------------------ 563 Ambassadors Foreign, presentation of credentials — 268 United States. See under Appointments and Nominations; countries to which assigned America, President's views on Challenges of the past --- —-- 649, 702 Intangible values --- —-------- 828, 874 Nation of refugees and immigrants- 648, 963 News media influence --- —-------- 890 Spirit and unity revival to overcome present problems. ---- 51, 180, 200, 242 Strengths -------------------- 806, 890 American Agricultural Editors' Association ---------------------------- 563 American Association of Retired People- 589 American Farm Bureau --- —--------- 334 American Federation of Labor & Congress of Industrial Organizations. See AFL-CIO American Heart Association --- —----- 190 American Heart Month (Proc. 4716)_- 190 American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association, Order of the --- — 381 American Legion --- —----------- 344,375 American Newspaper Publishers Association --- —--------------------- 720 American Public Transit Association_ 589 American Red Cross --- —----------- 951 American Samoa, U.S. policy --- —---- 317 American Society of Newspaper Editors- 631 American States, Organization of —_ 455, 914 American Stock Exchange --- —------- 64 American Telephone and Telegraph Co- 653 Americas, Partners of the --- —-------- 628 Amin, Hafizullah --- —--------- 40, 41,672 Ammonia industry, anhydrous --- —- 101, 102 Amtrak. See National Railroad Transportation Corporation Anderson, Eric E --- —-------------- 929 Anderson, George Ross, Jr --- —------ 721 Anderson, Repr. Glenn M --- —------ 333 Anderson, Repr. John B --- —----- 729, 738 Anderson, William --- —------------- 516 Andrews, Judy --- —----------------- 753 Andrus, Cecil D. See Interior, Secretary of the Angola, Soviet and Cuban involvement_ 93, 108, 111, 674 Anhydrous ammonia industry (Proc. 4714) ----------------------- 101, 102 Ankeny, V. Scott --- —-------------- 919 Annual Assay Commission --- —------ 483 Anthony, Susan B --- —-------------- 412 Antiboycott laws and regulations --- —- 402 Anti-inflation program See also Inflation Administration briefing for black ministers (Digest) --- —------------- 825 Administration's goals --- —--------- 743 Consumer prices, news conference (Checklist) ------------------- 453 Economic productivity rate increase-_ 249 Federal budget restraint. See Deficit reduction under Budget, Federal Hospital cost containment --- —---- 388 Import relief determinations --- —_ 420, 532 Labor accord with administration. See under Labor March initiatives Announcement remarks --- —----- 476 Budget 1981 revisions. See Fiscal Year 1981 under Budget, Federal Credit controls. See Credit controls Economic productivity, savings, and innovation encouragement ---- 498, 513, 554 Fact sheet (Checklist) --- —------ 494 Gasoline conservation fee on imported oil. See under Gasoline Interest rate reduction. See Interest rates Mentions -- 536, 723, 748, 802, 804, 859 News conference statement --- —-- 484 Oil imports reduction. See Reduction under Oil imports Regulatory reform ---- 120, 215, 573, 604 Small business support --- —-------- 516 Supply and demand balance --- —--- 250 Tax proposals --- —--------------- 122 Vetoes of inflationary legislation-_ 280, 456 Voluntary wage and price guidelines. See under Wages and prices Apodaca, Jerry --- —------------- 261, 262 Appeals, Court of --- —-------------- 45 Appointments and Nominations Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations Chairman --------------------- 422 Member ---------------------- 273 Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership, members -------------------------- 305 Agriculture Department, Rural Telephone Bank, Board of Directors, member ---------------------- 293 Air Force Department, Assistant Secretary --------------------- 449, 453 Ambassadors, U.S. Ambassador at Large --- —------- 868 Austria ----------------------- 191 Bolivia --------------------- 287, 293 Costa Rica --- —------------- 906, 932 El Salvador --- —--------------- 191 Finland ---- ------------ 405, 423 Hungary ------------------- 236, 268 Kenya --------------------- 843, 893 A-5 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Appointments and Nominations-Continued Ambassadors, U.S.-Continued Mauritius ------------------ 364, 375 Mexico -------------------- 434, 452 Nepal --------------------- 843, 893 Qatar --------------------- 718, 720 Seychelles ------------------ 843, 869 Sierra Leone --- —----------- 899, 932 Sudan --------------------- 843, 893 Uganda ------------------- 629, 720 Zimbabwe ----------------- 717, 720 Army Department Assistant Secretary --- —--------- 304 Under Secretary --- —----------- 98 Board of Foreign Scholarships, members -------------------------- 272 Board for International Broadcasting, member -------------------- 56, 218 Board for International Food and Agricultural Development, Chairman and members --- —--------- 323 California Debris Commission, member -------------------------- 237 Civil Rights Commission, Vice Chairman -------------------------- 892 Commerce Department Assistant Secretaries --- 48, 255, 374, 522 Associate Deputy Secretary --- —-- 25 Patent and Trademark Office, Assistant Commissioner --- —----- 237 Under Secretaries --- —------- 188, 654 Commission on Civil Rights, members- 605, 608, 968 Commission on Presidential Scholars, member ------------------- 606, 774 Committee on Disarmament, U.S. Representative ----------------- 204 Committee for Purchase From the Blind and Other Severely Handicapped, members --- —----- 37, 521, 931 Communications Satellite Corporation, Board of Directors, members —_ 515, 894 Community Services Administration, Director ---------------------- 769 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, U.S. delegation, Chairman and Cochairman ------- 848 Council on Wage and Price Stability, members and adviser-members ---- 967 District of Columbia Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure, member ---------------------- 392 District of Columbia Law Revision Commission, member ------- 521 District of Columbia Superior Court, Associate Judge --- —--------- 458, 493 Education Department Assistant Secretaries --- —-------- 203, 204, 219, 425, 426, 608, 751, 759, 768, 775, 840, 841, 967 Deputy Under Secretaries --- —--- 493 Appointments and Nominations-Continued Education Department-Continued General Counsel --- —----------- 315 Inspector General --- —---------- 841 National Institute of Education Deputy Director --- —--------- 949 National Council on Educational Research, members ---- 96, 508, 522 Under Secretaries --- —------- 426, 522 Emergency Board to investigate a railway labor dispute, members --- —-- 684 Energy Department, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, member — 813 Federal Council on the Aging, members ----------------------- 816, 826 Federal Home Loan Bank Board, member ---------------------- 268 Federal Labor Relations Authority, member ------------------- 468, 493 Federal Maritime Commission, Commissioner ------------------ 428, 452 Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Board of Directors, member --- —------- 452 Federal Reserve System, Board of Directors, member --- —---- 421, 522, 523 Federal Service Impasses Panel, members -------------------------- 83 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, member-__ 534, 564 Four Corners Regional Commission, Federal Cochairman --- —----- 372, 453 Geneva Conference on Kampuchean Relief, U.S. delegation head --- —- 933 Health and Human Services Department Assistant Secretaries --- —----- 316, 334 Commissioner of Education --- —- 25 Social Security Administration, Commissioner ------- 12, 25, 217, 218 Housing and Urban Development Department Assistant Secretary --- —---------- 192 Federal National Mortgage Association, Board of Directors, members ------------------------ 911 New Community Development Corporation, Board of Directors, member ----------------- 752, 775 India, President's Personal Emissary to ---------------------------- 188 Inter-American Foundation, Board of Directors, members --- —--------- 522 Interior Department, Solicitor ---- 718, 775 International Communication Agency, Associate Director --- —---------- 236 International Labor Office, Governing Body, U.S. Representative --- —-- 930 John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Advisory Committee on the Arts, members --- —---- 273, 304 A-6 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Appointments and Nominations-Continued Justice Department Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, Administrator- 288, 293 Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics --- —-- 288, 293 Merit Systems Protection Board Acting Special Counsel --- —----- 62 Special Counsel --- —--------- 62, 374 National Advisory Council on Adult Education, members --- —-------- 844 National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children, members ---------------------- 257 National Advisory Council on Indian Education, members --- —-------- 849 National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs, members ---------------------- 508 National Cancer Advisory Board, members ---------------------- 911 National Commission on Air Quality, member ---------------------- 508 National Consumer Cooperative Bank, Board of Directors, member --- —- 605, 608, 844, 893 National Council on the Arts, members ---------------------- 237, 268 National Council on the Handicapped, members --------------— _ — 812, 826 National Council on the Humanities, member ------------------- 264, 269 National Institute of Building Sciences, Board of Directors, members_- 533, 564 National Institute of Education, Director ------------------------ 651, 825 National Labor Relations Board, General Counsel --- —------------ 217, 218 National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Board of Directors, members- 296 National Transportation Safety Board, Chairman --- —---------------- 493 Navy Department, Under Secretary- 98 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, U.S. delegation head, rank of Ambassador --- —------------- 930 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, Alternate U.S. Representative ----------------- 493 Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws, members --- — 343, 932 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee, members --- —----------------- 849 Office of Management and Budget, Federal Procurement Policy, Administrator for --- —------------- 371, 375 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission, Commissioner --- —-- 654 Appointments and Nominations-Continued Overseas Private Investment Corporation Board of Directors, members --- —- 521 Executive Vice President --- —- 605, 608 Panama Canal Commission Supervisory Board, members --- —------ 32 Panama Canal Consultative Committee, members --- —-------------- 33 Panama Canal Joint Commission on the Environment, members --- —-- 34 Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation, Acting Chairman —. 95 Presidential Scholars --- —---------- 925 President's Advisory Committee for Women, members --- —-------- 814 President's Commission on Executive Exchange, members --- —-------- 272 President's Commission for a National Agenda for the Eighties, members — 263 President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, member ----------------------- 896 President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations, members- 508 President's Commission on White House Fellowships, members --- —- 949 President's Committee on Mental Retardation, members --- —----- 192 Regulatory Council, Chairman --- —- 63 Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, members --- —--- 237, 269 Securities and Exchange Commission, member ------------------- 235, 564 Smithsonian Institution, National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board, members --- —----------- 913 South Pacific Commission, U.S. Representative -------------------- 893 Special Panel for employment discrimination cases, chairman --- —------ 567 State Department Counselor --------------------- 334 Deputy Assistant Secretary --- —-- 893 Deputy United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, rank of Ambassador -------------------- 217 Secretary ------------------- 791, 893 Under Secretary --- —----------- 219 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management, members --- —--------------------- 303 Transportation Department Deputy Secretary --- —----------- 25 Federal Highway Administration, Administrator ------------- 842, 893 General Counsel --- —-------- 643, 775 Treasury Department, Assistant Secretary ----------------------- 434, 453 A-7 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Appointments and Nominations-Continued United Nations Day, U.S. National Chairman ---------------- - 653 United Nations Economic and Social Council Deputy U.S. Representative --- —- 606 U.S. Representative --- —----- 507, 522 United States Air Force Academy, Board of Visitors, members_ ---- 606, 757 United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Assistant Director —. 428, 452, 866, 894 Director ---------------------- 25 General Advisory Committee, member ----------------------- 25 U.S. attorneys Maine ------------------------ 375 Minnesota -------------------- 25 New York --- —------------- 523,564 Puerto Rico --- —--------------- 269 Virginia ---------------------- 269 U.S. circuit judges District of Columbia__ --- —-_ 654, 720 4th circuit --- —---------------- 608 5th circuit --- —------------- 654, 720 9th circuit --- —--------- 423,608, 968 United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, associate judge- 866, 894 United States Court of Military Appeals, judge --- —--------------- 317 U.S. district judges Alabama ---------------------- 64 Arizona ---------------------- 608 California ----------------- 608, 894 District of Columbia --- —----- 423, 424 Hawaii -------------------- 423,424 Illinois ----------------------- 608 Kansas ----------------------- 720 Louisiana --------------------- 608 Michigan --------------------- 968 Missouri ---------------------- 608 North Carolina --- —--------- 654, 720 Ohio ------------------ 564, 654, 720 Puerto Rico --- —--------------- 932 South Carolina --- —------------ 721 Tennessee ------------------ 423, 424 Texas ------------- ------ 104 Virginia ---------------------- 654 Washington ----------------- 894 United States Holocaust Memorial Council, members --- —---------- 820 United States International Development Cooperation Agency Agency for International Development, Deputy Administrator- 427,452 Associate Director --- —--------- 51 Deputy Director --- —----------- 296 United States International Trade Commission, Chairman --- —--- 948 U.S. marshals California -------------------- 269 Maryland --------------------- 269 Appointments and Nominations-Continued U.S. marshals-Continued Nebraska --------------------- 775 New Jersey --- —----------- 423,424 United States Metric Board, members- 940, 967 United States Naval Academy, Board of Visitors, members --- —-------- 769 United States Office of Consumer Affairs, Deputy Director --- —------ 83 United States Postal Service, Board of Governors, members --- —--- 940, 968 United States Railway Association, Board of Directors, Chairman_ 392, 423 United States Tax Court, judges ---- 683, 720, 756, 775 White House Fellows --- —--------- 948 White House staff Counselor to the President on Aging ------------------------ 718 Special Adviser to the President ---- 651 Special Assistant to the President for Ethnic Affairs --- —----------- 13 Aquino Herrera, Francisco --- —------- 775 Arciniega, Tomas A --- —------------ 96 Arctic Wildlife Range, William O. Douglas, Alaska --- —--------------- 416, 419 Argentina, grain exports --- —-------- 42 Argetsinger, Elizabeth S --- —--------- 926 Aristotle -------------------------- 842 Arizona Disaster declaration --- —---------- 374 U.S. district judges --- —----------- 608 Water projects --- —-------------- 88 Arizzi, Rocco --- — -------------- 492 Arkansas, disaster declaration --- —---- 720 Armed Forces, U.S. See also specific service All-volunteer force --- —-------- 290, 328 Courts-martial manual amendments — 493 Draft registration. See Draft registration under Selective Service System Iran, rescue mission for American hostages. See Iran, American hostages in, rescue mission Memorial Day observance --- —----- 814 Mention ----------------------— 164 Military awards program --- —------ 475 Pay rates --- —---------------- 467, 468 Persian Gulf area, presence in --- —-- 35, 43, 241, 348, 391 Physician shortage --- —----------- 456 Rapid deployment forces --- —------ 166, 197, 248, 348 Recruitment goals --- —--------- 167, 340 Reserve personnel --- —------------ 167 Soviet Union, military strength comparison with --- —-------------- 660 Women's role --- —--------------- 922 Armed Forces physicians pay act, proposed --- —---------------------- 456 A-8 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, United States. See United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Arms and weapons See also Nuclear weapons Conventional forces modernization_ — 348 Export controls administration --- —- 696 Munitions export licensing --- —---- 403 Armstrong, Ben --- —---------------- 183 Army, Department of the See also specific constituent agencies Assistant Secretary ------------- 304 Michigan missile plant, conveyance of- 769 Secretary -------------------- 955, 956 Under Secretary --- —------------- 98 Arnowit, Michael P --- —------------ 927 Art, National Gallery of --- —--------- 340 Artists, National Conference of --- —--- 600 Artists Week, African-American Visual- 601 Arts, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing --------------- 273, 304, 399 Arts, National Council on the ---- 237, 452 Arts, National Endowment for the_- 452, 601 Arts and humanities Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 147 President's favorite painters --- —--- 340 Arts and Humanities, National Foundation on the --- —------------------ 754 Asencio, Diego C --- —----------- 781, 825 Asher, John --- —------------------- 821 Ashley, Repr. Thomas L --- —-------- 217 Ashton, Al --- —-------------------- 380 Ashworth, George William --- —--- 866, 894 Asian/Pacific American Democratic Caucus -------------------------- 962 Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week (Proc. 4727) -------------------- 405 Askew, Reubin O'D. See United States Trade Representative Assay Commission, Annual --- —------ 483 Association. See other part of title Athens, Andrew A --- —-------------- 218 Atherton, Alfred L --- —----------- 86, 930 Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanic and --- —------------- 352, 415 Atomic energy. See Nuclear energy Atomic Energy Agency, International_- 266, 403, 433 Atomic Energy Community, European-_ 286, 304 Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Panel ----------------------- 838-840 Attiyeh, Gov. Victor --- —---------- 323 Attorney General (Benjamin R. Civiletti) Cuban refugees Exclusion proceedings against criminals ------------------- 913, 914 Meeting with the President --- —-- 780 News conferences --- —------ 916n., 932 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act review ------------------------ 402 Attorney General-Continued Handicapped persons antidiscrimination, regulations enforcement --- —- 809 Iran, sanctions responsibilities --- 611, 612 Lawsuits authority against public institutions ---------------------- 965 Membership on: Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10 Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8 Mention ------------------------ 413 National Petroleum Reserves in Alaska, report ------------------------ 232 Refugee admission functions —_- 684, 685 Attorneys, U.S. See under Appointments and Nominations, U.S. attorneys Audubon Society, National --- —------ 415 Auguste, Barry Bertrand Lucas --- —--- 775 Austin, Thomas S --- —-------------- 86 Australia Defense Minister --- —------------- 422 Foreign Minister --- —------------- 422 Grain exports --- —--------------- 42 Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser_- 103 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169 Austria, U.S. Ambassador --- —------- 191 Auto Workers, United --- —----- 28, 770, 931 Automobiles and automobile industry Chief executives, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —--------- 931 Chrysler Corporation, Federal loan to- 28, 311 Employment --------- 705, 706, 711,823 Foreign manufacturers plant construction in U.S --- —----------- 706, 711 Interest rates, effect on --- —------- 723 Michigan Army Missile Plant, conveyance of --- —---------------- 769 Plant closings --- —--------------- 705 Sales --------------------------- 902 Technical developments for fuel efficiency -------------- 664,665,711 Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965, Operation of the --- —------------ 653 Awards and citations American Cancer Society Courage Award ------------------------ 607 Christian Service Award --- —------ 333 Environmental Industry Council national leadership award --- —----- 415 Goddard Memorial Trophy --- —- 563, 564 Hubert H. Humphrey Award --- —-- 221 Military awards program --- —------ 475 National Medal of Science --- —----- 80 Presidential energy efficiency award-_ 790 Presidential Management Improvement Awards --- —------------ 18, 19 Presidential Medal of Freedom --- — 751 President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service --- —----- 86 Small Business Persons Awards --- —- 919 Weizmann Institute of Science honorary degree --- —--------------- 646 A-9 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Axtell, Dean R --- —----------- 605, 608 Ayuso-Planes, Damaris --- —---------- 928 B-1 bomber --- —------------------ 348 Babalas, Peter K --- —--------------- 218 Babbitt, Gov. Bruce --------------- 849 Babcock, David E --- —----------- 940, 968 Bahamas, Ambassador to U.S --- —---- 775 Bair, Ron --- —-------------------- 961 Bakalis, Michael --- —--------------- 493 Bakke, Capt. Richard L --- —-- 780n., 864 Baldazo, Noelia G --- —------------- 845 Bangladesh Iran, abstention from voting on U.N. sanctions against --- —----------- 39 U.S. relations --- —-------------- 172 Bani-Sadr, Abol Hassan. See Iran, President Bank. See other part of title Banks and banking Credit controls. See Credit controls Farm loans --- —----------------- 652 Federal institutions deregulation legislation Congressional consideration --- —-- 252 Mentions ---------- 118, 121, 215, 918 Purposes ---------------------- 151 Signing ceremony --- —---------- 572 Interest rates. See Interest rates Iran, prohibition on U.S. business with ---------------------- 613, 615 Small business credit financing --- —- 76 Baptist Radio and Television Commission, Southern --- —-------------- 333 Baranski, Tibor --- —--------------- 821 Barbados, Prime Minister J. M. G. Adams ------------------------- 824 Barfield, Claude --- —-------------- 264 Bario, Patricia Y --- —-------------- 94, 245, 343,392,665,767, 906 Barnes, Repr. Michael D --- —-------- 16 Barnett, James E --- —------------ 268, 273 Baroni, Geno ---- -------------- 281 Barry, Marion --- —-------------- 13, 601 Barthe, Richmond --- —------------- 602 Basketball Association, National --- —-- 268 Baudouin I, King --- —-------------- 757 Bayh, Sen. Birch --- —--------------- 303 Beame, Abraham D --- —----------- 422 Bearden, Romare --- —-------------- 602 Bechily, Maria C --- —-------------- 508 Beckham, William J., Jr --- —------- 25, 493 Bedell, Catherine M --- —------------ 102 Begay, Nelson R --- —--------------- 928 Begin, Menahem. See Israel, Prime Minister Begin, Mrs. Menahem --- —---------- 686 Behavioral Research, President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and- 896 Beilenson, Repr. Anthony C --- —------ 433 Belgium, King Baudouin I and Queen Fabiola ------------------------- 757 Bell, Griffin B --- —---------------- 848 Bellamy, G. Thomas --- —------------ 192 Belli, Lia Triff --- —---------------- 272 Bender, Michael W --- —------------ 927 Benjamin, Repr. Adam, Jr --- —------- 966 Bennett, Brian R --- —-------------- 927 Bensen, Robert S- -------------- 263 Bentsen, Sen. Lloyd --- —------------ 374 Berg, Thomas K --- —--------------- 27 Berger, Stephen --- —------------ 392, 423 Bergland, Bob. See Agriculture, Secretary of Bergold, Harry E., Jr --- —-------- 236, 268 Berlioux, Monique --- —------------- 929 Bermuda, Prime Minister John David Gibbons ----------------------— 931 Bernstein, Irving --- —------------ 84, 821 Bernstein, Marver --- —-------------- 821 Berry, Mary Frances --- —---- 605, 608, 892 Better Hearing and Speech Month Poster Child ------------------------— 824 Beyer, Gordon R --- —-------- 355, 629, 720 Beyers, Staff Sgt. Joseph --- —-------- 786 Bicycling Day, National --- —--------- 562 Biddle, Livingston L., Jr --- —----- 601,754 Biden, Sen. Joseph R., Jr --- —-------- 662 Biernacki, Lorilee J --- —--------- 927 Bill Signings See also last page of text in each issue for acts approved Agricultural Adjustment Act, statement ------------------------ 503 Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979, remarks --- —------- 27 Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, statement --- —--------- 965 Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act, remarks ---------------------- 584 Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act, remarks ------------------------ 572 Dispute Resolution Act, statement --- 303 District of Columbia housing revenue bonds, statement --- —---------- 666 Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act Amendments, statement --- —-------------------- 567 Farmer-owned grain reserve, statement ------------------------- 652 Federal agency reorganization, statement --- —-------------------- 483 Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979, statement — 37 Federal Trade Commission authorization, statement --- —------------ 562 General Accounting Office Act, statement --- —-------------------- 603 International Air Transportation Competition Act, statement --- —------ 332 Michigan Army Missile Plant, conveyance of, remarks --- —----------- 769 A-10 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Bill Signings-Continued National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979, remarks and statement -------------------- 13, 17 National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978 amendments, statement --- —- 432 Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act, statement --- —--------- 604 Refugee Act, statement --- —------- 503 Reorganization Act of 1977, extension, statement --------------------- 616 United States territories administration, statement --- —------------ 466 Biomass energy --- —---------------- 470 Biomedical and Behavioral Research, President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and ---------------------------- 896 Birch River, W. Va ----------------- 433 Bitterman, Mary G. F --- —---- 236, 268, 452 Biwott, Nicholas K --- —------------- 355 Black Caucus of State Legislators, National -------------------------- 334 Black Mayors, National Conference of — 720 Blacks Civil rights --- —--------------- 85, 222 Economic recession, impact on --- —-- 798 Employment --------------- 53, 123, 249 Judicial appointments --- —-------- 893 Ministers, meetings with the President ---------------------- 522, 825 National Afro-American History Month ----------------------- 84 Blake, Robert 0 --- —--------------- 34 Blakeley, Gary --- —-------------- 372, 453 Blanchard, Repr. James J ---- 27, 29, 770, 823 Bleicr, Rocky --- —----------------- 371 Bleiweis, Phyllis R ------------------ 949 Blind and Other Severely Handicapped, Committee for Purchase From the --- 37, 521, 931 Blood Institute, National Heart, Lung, and ---------------------------- 190 Blumenfeld, Michael --- —----------- 33 Board. See other part of title Bodine, William W., Jr --- —----- 867, 874n. Boggs, Elizabeth Monroe --- —----- 812, 826 Bolivia, U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 287, 293 Bolter, Arthur --- —----------------- 58 Bomar, James L., Jr --- —------------ 334 Bond, Maj. Gen. Robert --- —-------- 780n. Bonda, Alva T --- —---------------- 218 Bonilla, Ruben --- —---------------- 563 Bonior, Repr. David E --- —------- 374, 770 Bonker, Repr. Don --- —------------- 961 Boochever, Robert --- —------------- 968 Bookbinder, Hyman --- —------------ 821 Bookstein, Kenneth H --- —--------- 926 Borders, William A., Jr --- —--------- 218 Borge, Victor --- —------------------ 821 Borja, Jesus --- —------------------- 344 Boschwitz, Sen. Rudy --- —----------- 823 Boston, Mass --- —------------------ 501 Bourguiba, Habib, Jr --- —----------- 423 Bowdler, William G --- —--------- 522, 933 Bowers, Darralyn C --- —------------ 911 Bowker, Albert H --- —----------- 425, 775 Boxing team, United States amateur ---- 482, 517, 564 Boy Scouts of America --- —---------- 292 Brademas, Repr. John --- —---------- 383 Bradley, Amelia Jane --- —----------- 948 Bradley, Sen. Bill --- —-------------- 588 Bradley, Thomas --- —--------------- 789 Bradshaw, Thornton --- —----------- 789 Bramberg, Rudolph William, Jr ---- 533, 564 Branch, Jana L --- —--------------- 927 Branch, Joseph --- —---------------- 47 Brandt, Willy --- —-----------------— 334 Brazil President's visit while Governor of Georgia ----------------------- 945 Science and technology cooperation with U.S --- —------------------ 407 Brewer, Herbert Richard Wright --- —- 268 Brezhnev, L. I --- —---------------- 674 Brimmer, Andrew F --- —--------- 373, 509 Britt, W. Earl --- —--------------- 654, 720 Broadcasting, Board for International- 56 Broder, David --- —----------------- 107 Bronheim, David --- —------------ 51, 522 Brooks, Gwendolyn --- —------------- 263 Brooks, Herb --- —--------------- 379, 388 Brooks, Repr. Jack --- —- 267, 483, 603, 616 Brooks, Roger G --- —--------------- 928 Broome, Homer F., Jr --- —-------- 288, 293 Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of the United States and Canada --- —---- 667, 684, 930 Brotherhood Week, National --- —---- 343 Brown, Charles L --- —-------------- 653 Brown, Cynthia G --- —----------- 768, 841 Brown, Gov. Edmund G. (Jerry), Jr ---- 295 Brown, Gabrielle A --- —------------- 928 Brown, Repr. George E., Jr --- —----- 761 Brown, Harold. See Defense, Secretary of Brown, Gov. John Y ----------------- 422 Brown, Robert McAfee --- —---------- 821 Brown, Sam --- —------------ 281, 291, 328 Broyhill, Repr. James T --- —--------- 303 Brzezinski, Zbigniew American Society of Newspaper Editors address ----------------------- 631 Foreign policy role --- —----------- 881 Meetings with: Bavarian Minister President Franz Josef Strauss --- —------------ 470 Kenyan President Daniel T. arap Moi ------------------------ 355 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24, 25, 63, 64, 103, 217, 267, 268, 292, 293, 333, 334, 373, 374, 422, 423, 452, 492, 493, 563,606, 607, 631, 653, 654, 719, 720, 773-775, 824, 825, 891-893, 930-932, 966, 967 A-ll Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Brzezinski, Zbigniew-Continued Mentions ----------------- 324, 367, 459 Olympics, 1980 Summer, briefing for U.S. team representatives --- —--- 518 Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, trip to (Digest) ---------------------- 267 President's assessment --- —--------- 797 Trade Policy Committee, member --- 8 Vance, Cyrus R., relationship with-_ 876 Bucy, J. Fred, Jr --- —-------------- 263 Budget, Federal Caribbean area assistance --- —----- 627 Chrysler Corporation loan, effect on — 32 Defense spending. See under Defense and national security Deficit reduction during administration ------------------------ 71, 76, 120, 121, 126, 215, 246, 247, 280, 388, 389, 456, 558, 639 Fiscal Year 1981 Congressional briefing (Digest)_ — 824 Critical programs spending increases -------------------- 122 Employment programs --- —------ 806 Federal territories --- —---------- 320 First resolution --- —------------- 857 Inflation control measure_ ---- 121, 247 International science and technology programs --- —----------- 408 Message transmittal to Congress- 225, 227 President's assessment --- —------- 239 President's revisions to balance Announcement remarks --- —--- 477 Congressional consideration --- — 497, 512, 517, 539, 586, 705, 761 Formal request to implement (Digest) ------------------ 719 Mentions ------------ 486, 724, 737 Message transmittal to Congress and signing ceremony —.- 568, 569 News conference (Checklist)_ — 608 News conference statement --- — 484 Purposes -------------------- 489, 554, 581,639, 713 Social programs allocations --- — 536, 554, 767, 835, 909 Radiation protection program ---- 364 Tax relief rejection --- —--------- 247 Youth programs --- —----------- 53 Foreign spending --- —------------- 627 General revenue sharing reductions —_ 698 Navy shipbuilding programs --- —--- 475 Real terms spending increase --- —--- 244 Rescissions and deferrals --- —------ 235, 355, 428, 695, 948 Woman organization allotments --- — 923 Zero-based practices --- —---------- 115 Buena Vista, Ga --- —--------------- 463 Building Sciences, National Institute of- 422, 533, 564 Building temperature restrictions, emergency --------------------------- 685 Bureau. See other part of title Burg, Yosef --- —------------------ 378 Burns, Bill --- —--------------- 742n. Burris, Robert Harza --- —---------- 82n. Burroughs, Margaret T --- —------ 601, 602 Burton, Repr. Phillip --- —----- 318, 433, 930 Burundi, Ambassador to U.S --- —---- 268 Busby, Morris D --- —----------- 892, 893 Bushnell, John A --- —------------- 33, 269 Business, National Alliance of --- —--- 422 Business, White House Conference on Small. See White House Conference on Small Business Business Administration, Small. See Small Business Administration Business development agency, minority, proposed -------------------- 77, 127 Business Enterprise, Interagency Council for Minority --- —------------ 76, 77 Business and industry See also Corporations; Small businesses Air and water pollution standards ---- 352 Federal procurement policy --- —---- 72 Free enterprise system, relationship with Federal Government --- —--- 44 Industrial goods exports --- —------- 125 Innovation program --- —---------- 121 Iran, prohibition on transactions with- 613, 615 Productivity Inflation, relationship with --- —-- 748 Research and development allocations ------------------- 121,226 Worldwide comparison --- —------ 748 Prohibition on transactions with Soviet Union with respect to 1980 Summer Olympics ------------------ 560,565 U.S. export policy, effect on --- —--- 402 Voluntary wage and price guidelines- 120, 247, 248, 581 Women's enterprises --- —---------- 70 Business League, National --- —------- 63 Business Ownership, Advisory Committee on Small and Minority --- —------- 262 Business Utilization, Office of Small and Disadvantaged ------------------- 73 Butcher Clara --- —----------------- 850 Butcher, Goler ---- ------------- 719 Byrd, Sen. Robert C. Democratic Presidential candidates debate, advocacy for --- —---------- 907 Legislation passage leadership Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act --- —--------------- 27 Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act- 542, 585, 587 Mentions -------------------- 538, 569 Relationship with the President --- — 907 SALT II treaty consideration- 12, 488, 831 Byrne, Gov. Brendan T --- — 397, 586, 588 Byrne, Jane --- —---------------- 342,833 A-12 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Cabinet, meetings with the President (Digest) ---------------— 291, 493,563 Cagney, James --- —----------------- 502 Cahill, Clyde S., Jr --- —------------ 608 Caldera, Manuel R --- —------------ 305 Califano, Joseph A., Jr --- —---------- 329 California Channel Islands National Park --- —- 432 Disaster declaration --- —------- 291,374 U.S. district judges --- —----- 608, 894 U.S. marshal --- —---------------- 269 White House briefing for civic and community leaders --- —-------- 563 California Debris Commission --- —--- 237 California Institute of Technology --- — 664 Caliguri, Richard S --- —------------ 369 Callaghan, James --- —-------------- 63 Cambodia. See Kampuchea Camp David, Md., President's visits (Digest) --------------------------- 25, 62, 104, 216, 267, 291, 333, 374, 451, 493, 521, 563, 607, 653, 825, 891, 932, 966, 967 Campaign, 1980 Presidential. See Elections, 1980 Campaign Act Amendments of 1979, Federal Election --- —------------- 38 Campbell, Alan K ------- - 468 815, 898 Campbell, James --- —--------------- 19 Campbell, Thomas John --- —--------- 948 Canada American citizens in Iran, rescue of-_ 255 Grain exports --- —---------------- 42 Nuclear energy agreement with U.S --- 782 Prime Minister Joe Clark --- —------ 255 Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau_ 861, West-to-east crude oil transportation system ------------------------ 100 Canadian Energy Board --- —--------- 99 Canby, William Cameron, Jr --- —----- 608 Cancer Advisory Board, National ----- 911 Cancer Control Month (Proc. 4731) --- 450 Cannon, Sen. Howard W — 333, 461, 584, 694 Captioning Institute, National --- —---- 811 Captive Nations Week (Proc. 4761) —_ 940 Carazo Odio, Rodrigo --- —---------- 904 Carey, Barbara M --- —------------- 904 Cargas, Harry James --- —----------- 821 Caribbean See also Latin America; specific country Cuban influence --- —---------- 173, 626 United States Foreign relations --- —-------- 173, 626 Nongovernmental volunteer programs ---------------------- 64 Science and technology cooperation --- —------------------- 407 Caribbean/Central American Action___ 624, 654 Caribbean Group --- —-------------- 173 Carl, Beverly May --- —------------- 272 Carlucci, Frank C --- —----------- 24, 422 Carpenter, Elizabeth S --- —------- 203, 219 Carpenter, Todd C --- —------------- 926 Carr, Repr. Bob --- —------------- 770, 825 Carrington, Lord --- —-------------- 872 Carson, Rachel --- —--------------- 751 Carswell, Robert --- —------------ 374, 774 Cartegena Agreement countries, trade with U.S --- —-------------------- 20 Cartella De Rubin, Pilar --- —-------- 334 Carter, Amy --- —-------------- 703n., 850 Carter, Lillian Israel, 32d anniversary of, U.S. Representative -------------------- 687 Mention ----------------------- 585 1976 Presidential campaign efforts_ — 382 Peace Corps service --- —---------- 276 Registered nurse experience --- —---- 908 Carter, Rosalynn Campaign efforts for the President_ — 400 Congressional wives briefings (Digest)- 291, 422 Equal rights amendment support --- — 833 Friendship Force in Georgia, establishment --------------------- 628, 944 Income tax return --- —------------ 719 Jogging schedule --- —------------- 766 Luncheons with the President (Digest) --------------- 63, 217, 522, 893 Mentions ------------------------ 84, 257, 306, 384, 397, 500, 534, 754, 850, 858 National Volunteer Week support —_ 695 President's Commission on Mental Health, Chairman --- —---------- 811 White House receptions hostess- 38 n., 857n. Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc__ --- —--------------- 932, 937 Casey, Kimberly A --- —------------- 929 Casey, Thomas R --- —-------------- 819 Cassatt, Mary --- —----------------- 340 Castro, Fidel. See Cuba, Premier Cattlemen's Association, National --- —- 521 Caution-Lebby, Gael --- —----------- 949 Cavanaugh, Repr. John J --- —------ 522 CBS. See Columbia Broadcasting System Cedefio, Blanca --- —------------- 533, 564 Celarie, Andre --- —---------------- 687n. Celebrezze, Anthony J., Jr --- —------- 769 Celeste, Richard F --- —---------- 291, 774 Center for Disease Control --- —------- 257 Central America. See Latin America Central American Action, Caribbean/_ — 624, 654 Central Bank of Iran --- —------------ 614 Central Intelligence Agency Deputy Director --- —----------- 24, 422 Intelligence report requirements --- 241 Retirement and disability system (EO 12197) ----------------------- 431 A-13 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Central Intelligence Agency, Director (Stansfield Turner) Intelligence sources and methods protection ----------------------- 397 Meetings with the President (Digest) - 103, 267, 333, 422, 492, 563, 774, 892, 967 Newsmen as agents, policy toward using ------------------------ 659 Cerel, Sylvia L_ — -------— 926 Cerezo, Carmen Consuelo --- —------- 932 CETA programs. See Comprehensive Employment and Training Act programs Chamber of Commerce, International_- 307 Chamber of Commerce of the United States ------------------------ 522 Chambers, Mary P --- — -------- 812, 826 CHAMPUS. See Civilian Health and Medical Program for the Uniformed Services Chancellor, John --- —-------------- 34 Channel Islands National Park, Calif__ 432 Chapel of the Four Chaplains, Pa_ --- 292 Char, Kenneth F. C --- —------------ 273 Charles, Serge Elie --- —------------- 775 Charlesworth, Susan --- —------------ 380 Charter Co --- —------------------- 581 Chase, Lucia ---- -------------- 752 Chasen, Robert E --- —---------- 98, 102 Chavez, Nelba R --- —----------- 812, 826 Chemical industry Representatives, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —--------- 654 Voluntary price standards compliance ---------------------- 659 Cheng, Margaret Y --- —------------- 929 Cherry, Horace Dicken --- —------ 192,218 Chicago, Ill --- —-------- 342,483, 726, 736 Child, 1979, National Commission on the International Year of the ---------- 752 Child Abuse and Maltreatment, National Alliance for the Prevention and Treatment of --- —-------------------- 267 Children, Aid for Families With Dependent -------------------- 806,836,892 Children, National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged ---- 257 Children and youth Athletic programs --- —------------ 261 Education --- —---- ------ 859 Employment Federal allocations increase --- 124, 249 Federal initiatives program Announcement remarks --- —--- 52 Budget allocations, 1981 --- —-- 226, 230, 239, 248, 249 Goals of program --- — 117, 252, 342 House Committee on Education and Labor action --- —------ 847 Labor and Education Departments, role of --- —--------- 125, 313, 337 Legislative proposal commitment- 116 Children and youth-Continued Employment-Continued Federal initiatives program-Continued Mention --------- 555, 724, 833 News conference (Checklist)_ — 64 Statistics --------------- 123, 124, 214 Summer program --- —---------- 805, 815, 832, 835,878 Targeted tax credits --- —-------- 124 Federal programs --- —------------- 836 Health programs --- —------ 118, 754, 811 Chiles, Sen. Lawton --- —------------ 893 China, People's Republic of Eximbank financing --- —---------- 607 Muhammad Ali's visit --- —-------- 63 Science and technology cooperation with U.S --- —----------------- 407 Soviet relations --- —-------------- 807 Trade with U.S --- —------ 119, 126, 607 U.S. relations normalization --- —--- 91, 170, 197, 338, 345, 399, 579, 673, 875, 870, 891, 906, 963 University control --- —----------- 81 Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping —.- 181,407 China, Republic of. See Taiwan Chinese New Year --- —------------ 257 Christensen, Thomas G. S --- —------- 684 Christian Methodist Episcopal Church__ 775 Christian Service Award --- —-------- 333 Christians and Jews, National Conference of ----------------------------- 343 Christopher, Warren M. See State, Deputy Secretary of Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 --- —--------------- 27,311 Church, Sen. Frank --- —--------- 205, 947 Churchill, Winston_ --- —--------- 80, 579 Circuit judges, U.S. See U.S. circuit judges under Appointments and Nominations Cities. See Urban areas Cities, National League of --- 103,495,523 Civil Aeronautics Board --- —------ 103, 332 Civil justice reform, Federal --- —---- 303 Civil rights. See Human rights, domestic Civil Rights, Commission on --- —----- 605, 608, 892 Civil Rights, Leadership Conference on- 221, 720 Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act ---------------------------- 965 Civil Service Commission, United States- 617 Civil service reform, Federal --- —---- - 115 Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 --- —- 898 Civiletti, Benjamin R. See Attorney General Civilian Service, President's Award for Distinguished Federal --- —--------- 86 Clark, Joe --- —-------------------- 255 Clark, John W --- —-------------- 33, 269 Classen, Ann E --- ------------- 929 A-14 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Clausen, Repr. Don H --- —---------- 318 Claybrook, Joan --- —--------------- 281 Claytor, W. Graham, Jr --- —------- 64, 775 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1978- 416, 449 Clean Water Act Amendments of 1978- 416 Cleland, Max --- —------------- 275, 653 Clemente, Roberto --- —------------- 370 Clemon, U. W --- —---------------- 64 Cleveland, Ohio --- —--------------- 452 Clifford, Clark --- —--------- 188, 217, 382 Clinard, David Marion --- —------ 428, 452 Clodfelter, Mark Alan --- —---------- 948 Clothing and Textile Workers, Amalgamated ------------------------ 563 Cmarik, Joan L --- —--------------- 927 Coal Domestic resources development --- — 470, 480, 586, 831 Exports ------------------------ 907 Oil companies ownership --- —------ 883 President's Commission on the Coal Industry, recommendations for future production --- —------------ 471 Utility companies conversion to --- — 116, 117, 129, 174,448, 472, 586, 883 Coal advisory council, White House, proposed ------------------------- 473 Coal Industry, President's Commission on the ----------------------------- 471 Coal Study, World --- —------------- 931 Coast Guard, United States. See United States Coast Guard Coast Guard Academy, U.S --- —----- 607 Coffin, Frank M --- —--------------- 862 Coggleshall, Susanna and Tomlin --- — 631n. Cohan, George M --- —-------------- 502 Cohen, Edward B --- —-------------- 83 Cohen, Esther --- —----------------- 821 Cohen, Gerson D --- —--------------- 821 Cohen, Marvin S --- —-------------- 103 Cohen, Vincent H --- —------------- 392 Colleges and universities, black institutions --------------------------- 328 Colombia Dominican Embassy in Bogota, release of hostages --- —------------ 780, 781 Peace Corps volunteer Richard Starr, terrorists release of --- —--------- 306 President Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala_- 780 U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 781,825 Color television receiver subassemblies (Proc. 4759) --------------------- 920 Comaneci, Nadia --- —-------------- 380 Commerce, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Antiboycott programs --- —--------- 402 Assistant Secretaries ----- 48, 255, 374, 522 Associate Deputy Secretary --- —---- 25 Budget deferrals --- —---------- 235, 899 Deputy Secretary --- —--------- 25, 43, 73 Minority business development agency, proposed ---------------------- 77 Minority business programs --- —-- 73, 78 Commerce, Department of-Continued Radiation Policy Council membership -------------------------- 363 Secretary. See Commerce, Secretary of Small business, patent counsels for --- 78 Soviet trade restrictions enforcement- 184 Steel industry antidumping suits ---- 732, 736, 905 Under Secretaries --- —-------- 188, 654 Commerce, international See also Economy, international; Multilateral trade agreements Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 175 Exports, U.S. Administrative functions --- —---- 827 Agricultural products. See Agricultural trade Arms and weapons systems --- —-- 696 Coal ------------------------- 907 Levels increase --- —------------- 125 Nuclear materials --- —---------- 403 Policy statement --- —----------- 400 Federal functions reorganization --- 5, 7, 25 Imports, U.S. Anhydrous ammonia --- —----- 101, 102 Color television receiver subassemblies ----------------------- 920 Leather wearing apparel --- —- 531, 532 Nonrubber footwear --- —-------- 420 Oil. See Oil imports Porcelain-on-steel cookware ---.... — 2, 3, 97 Steel ------------------ 723, 732, 902 Sugars, sirups, and molasses --- —- 2'o5 Unemployment adjustment assistance for workers affected by ---- 823 Upland cotton --- —------------- 575 Treaties and other international agreements Customs Valuation Agreement amendment ------------------ 94 International Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979 --- —-------- 591 International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Convention ----------------- 590 U.S. and Cartegena Agreement countries —... 20 China, People's Republic of --- — 119, 126, 607 Developing countries --- — 429, 549, 942 Indonesia -------------------- 20 Iran -------------- 113, 611,612, 614 Italy ------------------------- 421 Korea, Republic of --- —--------- 420 Taiwan ----------------------- 420 Tobago ----------------------- 20 Trinidad ---------------------- 20 Union of Soviet Soc'alist Republics. See Trade with U.S. under Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Zimbabwe --------------------- 401 A-15 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Commerce, Secretary of (Philip M. Klutznick) For functions of the Department in general, see Commerce, Department of Energy conservation responsibilities — 788 Export administration functions ---- 824 Export trade balance examination. --- 401 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act review- 402 Gasoline conservation fee support- 593, 598 Import relief determinations- 3, 4, 532, 533 International trade functions__ ---- 6, 8-10 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63, 423, 825 Olympics, 1980 Summer, prohibition against transactions with Soviet Union ------------------- 559, 560 Soviet trade restriction functions ----_ 32, 43, 184 Steel import antidumping suits study- 736 Swearing-in ceremony --- —--------- 43 Commission. See other part of title Committee. See other part of title Commodity Credit Corporation- 161, 391, 652 Communication Agency, International_- 236, 452, 616 Communications Commission, Federal_- 152 Communications Satellite Corporation_- 515, 894 Communications and telecommunications Administration's accomplishments and goals ------------------------- 152 Handicapped persons programs --- —- 811 Industry deregulation Congressional consideration. —. 252, 573 Legislative proposal commitment for 1980 ---------------- 118, 121,152 Mentions ----------------- 215, 918 Purposes ---------------------- 151 Public broadcasting --- —------ --- 913 Community Development Corporation, New -------------------- -— 752,775 Community Services Administration_ — 281, 492, 769 Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) programs Administration's accomplishments_ — 124, 213 Department of Labor youth employment program --- —------------- 125 Programs preservation in 1981 budget- 808, 832, 909 Conable, Repr. Barber B., Jr --- —----- 585 Condon, John P --- —--------------- 893 Conference. See other part of title Congress Action on administration's proposals Administration's percentage of success --------------------- 114 Energy. See Energy legislation Fiscal Year 1981 budget.. --- — 835, 857 Five Year Defense Program --- —-- 197 Congress-Continued Action on administration's proposals-Continued Nuclear Regulatory Commission reorganization ----------------- 617 Regulatory reform --- —------ 604, 785 SALT II treaty --- —---------- 12, 26 Standby gasoline rationing --- —--- 116 Trucking industry deregulation- 693, 920 U.S. foreign assistance loans --- —- 941 Youth employment and education legislation ------------------- 847 Balanced budget for fiscal year 1981, consultations with the President —_ 478, 484, 539, 556, 568, 570, 705 Coal utilization promotion --- —----- 472 Congressional elections, public financing of --- —-------------------- 153 Equal rights amendment support --- — 923 Inflationary legislation, President's commitment to veto --- —------ 568, 572 Iran crisis, meeting with the President- 577 Legislative veto, constitutionality of-_ 433 Members, meeting with the President. See Digest of Other White House Announcements at the end of each issue Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance appropriations --- —---- 960 Refugee admission consultations___ 684, 685 Relationship with the President --- —- 906 Summer Olympics, 1980, boycott support -------------- 356, 616, 664, 678 Water projects legislation --- —----- 88 White House briefings on: Foreign assistance --- —---------- 941 Iran and Afghanistan situations_ — 38 Congress, Communications to ADDRES SES State of the Union ------------ 194 LETTERS Cyprus conflict --- —------ 205, 551, 947 Floodplain management --- —------- 37 Generalized System of Preferences for developing countries Afghanistan, designation suspension- 429 New beneficiary designations --- —- 429 Iran, rescue attempt of American hostages --------------------— 777 Leather wearing apparel industry. --- 532 Navy shipbuilding programs --- —--- 475 Nuclear fuel exports --- —---------- 286 SALT II treaty delay --- —--------- 12 United States citizens living abroad. — 206 Utility companies, oil and natural gas use reduction legislation --- —----- 448 MESSAGES Budget, Fiscal Year 1981 Rescissions and deferrals --- —---- 235, 355, 428, 695, 898, 948 Revisions ------------------- 227, 569 A-16 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Congress, Communications to-Continued Congress, Communications to-Continued MES SAGES-Continued Federal civilian and military pay ratesFederal territorial policy --- —-- General revenue sharing legislation —_ International science and technology programs ---- -------------- Iran, economic sanctions against — 614, John Day River in Oregon, wild and scenic river study__ --- —---- Military awards program, Defense and Transportation Departments --- —1959 Geneva Radio Regulations, partial revision transmittal --- —--- Radioactive waste management program --------------- Small businesses ---- ---------- State of the Union --- —----------- 468 317 698 406 716 323 475 225 296 73 114 REORGANIZATION PLANS Nuclear Regulatory Commission (No. 1 of 1980) ------------------ 543, 836 REPORTS Administration on Aging --- —--- 291, 824 Agricultural commodity shipments to Soviet Union --- —-------------- 183 Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965, Operation of the --- —----- 653 Community Services Administration_ 492 Corporation for Public Broadcasting_ 912 Council on Environmental Quality —_ 351 Council on Wage and Price Stability_ 645 District of Columbia 1981 budget ---- 292 Economic Report of the President —_ 245 Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 --- —--------------- 295 Energy Department --- —---------- 292 Federal advisory committees --- —--- 507 Federal energy conservation programs- 274 Federal mine safety and health activities -------------------------- 564 Generalized System of Preferences for developing countries --- —-------- 703 Housing and Urban Development Department ---------------------- 824 Japan-U.S. Cooperative Medical Science program ------------------ 493 Middle distillate fuels situation during the winter of 1979-1980 --- —- 25 National Advisory Council on Adult Education -------------------- 267 National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity --- —--------- 274 National Council on the Arts --- —-- 452 National Endowment for the Arts- 452, 521 National Institute of Building Sciences ------------------------- 422 National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska- 63 Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 ------------------------- 291 REPORTS-Continued 1980 national housing production ---Nuclear nonproliferation --- —------ Porcelain-on-steel cookware industryRailroad Safety Act of 1970, administration of --- -------------- Selective Service System reform --- — Transportation Department --- —-- United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency --- —------- United States Sinai Support MissionWeatherization assistance program —_ TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS Canada, civil uses of atomic energy agreement ------------ ---- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora --- —------------- Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material --- —----- Customs Valuation Agreement amendment --- —---- Cyprus, taxation and fiscal evasion convention ---------- Food Aid Convention --- —--------- German Democratic Republic, consular convention --- —------- Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization ConventionInternational Atomic Energy Agency Cooperation Agreement --- —----- International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979 --- — International Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979 --- ------------- Kiribati, friendship treaty___ --- — Malta, income taxes treaty — ----- Switzerland, social security agreementVETO MESSAGES Dioxin exposure, health effects study — Uniformed services health professionals special pay bill --- ---------- 521 403 2 292 333 423 450 697 492 782 590 867 94 925 865 783 945 266 946 591 206 756 264 4 456 Coniey, Michael A --- —----------— _ 928 Connecticut Administration briefing for community and civic leaders --- —----------- 334 Democratic Party primary --- —-- 538, 564 Connolly, Brig. Gen. Joseph H --- —--- 37 Conrad, C. Carson --- —------------ 261 Conroy, Catherine --- —------------- 814 Conservation Energy. See Energy conservation Natural resources --- —--------- 418, 590 Construction industry, energy technologies development, job creation by —_ 580 Consumer Affairs, United States Office of --------------------------- 83 A-17 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Consumer Cooperative Bank, National_ 146, 844, 869 Consumer Education Week, NationalConsumer Federation of America --- —Consumer interests Credit control --- —------------- Educational programs --- —-------- Federal representation — -------- Federal Trade Commission protectionServices information --- —------ Consumer Price Index --- —--------- 555, 694, Consumer Product Safety Commission_ Continental shelf, outer --- ------- Convention. See other part of title Cook, Henry G --- —------ Cook, Thomas H., Jr — ---— _ --- Cookware industry, porcelain-on-steel_ — 3 621 293 639 621 145 562 146 479, 917 281 233 926 492 2,,97 Cooney, Joan Ganz --- —------------- 263 Cooper, Deani L --- —----------- 928 Cooper, Richard N --- —-------- 775 Corless, Patrick J --- —-------- 928 Corman, Repr. James C --- —------- f Corporation. See other part of title Corporations Profits increase --- —-------------- 110 Voluntary wage and price guidelines- 453 Corporations for Innovative Development -------------------------- 77 Corps of Engineers Environmental research and development activities --- —------------- 352 Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance responsibilities.__ —_ 951 953 Water projects assessment-_-_ --- — 88, 239 Cossiga, Francesco. --- —-- 24, 200, 207, 210 Costa Rica Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 682 President Rodrigo Carazo Odio --- —- 904 Refugee conference --- —---------- 874 U.S. Ambassador --- —---------- 900, 932 Costle, Douglas M. See Environmental Protection Agency, Administrator; Regulatory Council, Chairman Cotton imports, upland (Proc. 4742)_- 575 Council. See other part of title Court. See other part of title Courts, United States Appointments and nominations. See specific group under Appointments and Nominations Courts-martial manual amendments — 493 Federal civil justice reform --- —---- 303 Judicial salaries --- —-----------— _ 467 Legislation ---------------------- 154 Minority appointments --- —---- 223, 887 Cranston, Sen. Alan --- —--------- 433, 539 Crawford, Michael E --- —----------- 844 Credit controls Announcement remarks — _ --- — 477, 478 Federal credit programs. --- —--- 479, 571 Credit controls-Continued Federal Reserve System authority —_ 478, 485, 497, 513, 571, 666, 961 investment exceptions --- —--------- 479, 485, 497, 513, 662 Mentions ------------------- 761, 875 Private investment --- —----- 554, 571, 884 Crichlow, Ernest --- —-------------- -602 Crosby, Elizabeth C --- —----------- 82n. Crossley, Mary A --- —--------------- 930 Crotts, Marcus B --- —------------ 941, 967 Crown Central Petroleum Co --- —---- 581 Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act Budget 1981, sole revenue proposal in- 227 Congressional consideration House of Representatives approval- 470 House-Senate Conference Committee -- 117, 128, 251, 279, 368, 400 Mentions ------------ 71, 75, 121, 225 Senate approval --- —----------- 542 Mentions ------------------- 788, 804 National energy policy, relationship with ------------ 279, 480, 579, 894 Signing ceremony --- —---------- - 584 Cruikshank, Nelson H --- —---------- 534 Cruise missiles --- —----------------- 348 Cuba Africa, involvement in___ 94, 108, 111, 674 Refugees. See Cuban refugees Soviet Union, relationship with --- — 93, 625, 642, 674, 876 U.S. blockade, President's opposition to ---------------------------- 94 Cuba, Premier (Fidel Castro) Mention ------------------------ 873 Refugee evacuation actions --- —---- 780, 834, 912-915 Cuban refugees International assistance --- —---- 682, 874 Mention ------------------------ 964 Peruvian Embassy in Havana, asylum in ------------------------- 625, 647 U.S. assistance Administration's policy Announcement remarks --- —--- 912 News conference (Checklist) --- 932 White House statement ---. ---- 912 Announcement to accept one-third of asylees --- —-------------- 682 Federal emergency actions --- 819, 833 Fort Chaffee, Ark., use as temporary housing site --- —------------- 849 President's commitment to enforce immigration laws --- —----- 901, 904 President's meetings with: Congressional Members ---- 892, 931 Florida delegation --- —-------- 845 Vice President's statement --- —-- 780 Cuomo, Mario — -------------- 821 Customs and Patent Appeals, United States Court of --- —----------- 866, 894 Customs Service, United States --- —-- 98, 102, 917 A-18 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Customs Valuation Agreement amendments ------------------------ 94 Cuthbertson, John W --- —----------- 927 Cutler, Jonathan D --- —------------- 927 Cutler, Lloyd N. Meetings with the President (Digest)- 25, 64, 104, 217, 268, 293, 374, 423, 493, 522, 563, 720, 775, 825, 932, 967 U.S. participation in 1980 Summer Olympics, meetings and news conference --------------- 104, 107, 219 Cyprus Conflict settlement progress reports-_ 205, 382, 551, 947 President Spyros Kyprianou --- —--- 382 Taxation and fiscal evasion convention with U.S --- —---------------- 925 United Nations Peacekeeping Force- 205 Cystic Fibrosis Poster Child, National_- 720 Czechoslovakia Iran, abstention from voting on sanctions against --- —-------------- 39 Soviet suppression of 1969 uprising- 91 Daley, Richard M., Jr --- —---------- 833 Dalton, Gov. John H --- —-------- 268, 303 Danforth, Sen. John C --- —------- 303, 823 Datsun Motor Co. See Nissan Motor Co. Datt, John --- —-------------------- 334 Davidson, Ira --- —------------—.- 892 Davis, Arthur --- —----------------- 821 Davis, Jeffrey W --- —-------------- 26 Davis, Paul W --- —---------------- 96 Davis-Bacon Act --- —------------ 582, 858 Days, Drew --- —------------------- 223 Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust (Proc. 4747) --- —------- 644 Debris Commission, California --- —--- 237 Defense, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Assistant Secretary --- —----------- 267 Budget deferrals --- —------------- 948 Cuban refugee assistance --- —-- 819, 850 Deputy Secretary --- —--------- 64, 775 Dioxin exposure, health effects study- 4 Draft registration for women, consultations with the President --- —- 243 Iran, military equipment export suspension ----------------------- 717 Mention ------------------------ 243 Military awards program --- —------ 475 Military installations location decisions ------------------------ 880 1981 budget allocations reduction_ 477, 568 Nuclear arms control responsibilities — 451 Physician shortage --- —------------ 456 Radiation Policy Council membership- 363 Defense, Secretary of (Harold Brown) For functions of the Department in general, see Defense, Department of Armed Forces physical fitness standards ------------------------- 262 Arms export control functions --- —-- 697 Foreign policy role --- —--------— _ 876 Defense, Secretary of-Continued Meetings with the President (Digest)- 25, 104, 217, 268, 293, 334, 374, 423, 452, 493,522, 563, 653, 720, 775, 825, 891, 932 Membership on: Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10 Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8 Mention ------------------------ 90 Military awards program report ---- 475 Military installation location decisions _ --- —------------------ - 880 Panama Canal functions --- —------ 538 Technology and strategic items transfer functions to Soviet Union ----- 43, 184 Defense and national security See also Armed Forces, United States; Arms and weapons systems Administration's goals and accomplishments ---------------- 162,673 Defense spending Increases necessary for: Military capabilities improvement --------------------- 309 Strengthening of alliances --- —- 91 1981 budget allocations --- —---- 165, 225, 228, 571, 835 Policy comparison with Sen. Kennedy ------------------- 737,749 Real rate increases --- —-- 116, 119, 248 Soviet Union-U.S. comparison ---- 347, 578, 659 Draft registration. See Draft registration Five Year Defense Program --- — 197, 347 Nuclear cooperation with European Atomic Energy Community (EO 12193) ----------------------- 304 President's commitment to American strength ----------- 109,541,578,874 White House briefings for: Civic and community leaders_- 367, 452 Congressional Members --- —- --— 333 Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week, National_ 506, 783, 930 Defreitas, Roger A --- —------------ 927 Delahanty, Thomas Edward, II --- —-- 375 Delaney, Gil --- —----------------- 75 n. Delano, Robert --- —---------------- 334 Democratic Caucus, Asian/Pacific American -------------------------- 962 Democratic National Committee --- —- 538 Democratic Party See also Elections, 1980 Congressional campaign dinner --- —- 538 President's assessment of political principles ------------- 541,542,938 Deng Xiaoping --- —------------- 181, 407 Denton, Harold R --- —------------- 744 Department. See other part of title A-19 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act --- —----- 572, 608 Des Pres, Terrence --- —------------- 821 Deutch, John M --- —------------ 335, 849 Developing countries Decade of Development --- —------- 561 Energy production assistance --- ——. 440 Generalized System of Preferences --- 429, 549, 703 United States Assistance programs --- —- 407, 866, 942 Foreign relations --- —------- 579, 869 West German assistance --- —------- 439 Development, Agency for International- 427, 452, 561 Development, Corporations for Innovation ----------------------------- 77 Development Cooperation Agency, United States International- 8, 51, 218, 296 Dew, Bruce Gregory --- —------------ 948 Dickey, James --- —----------------- 502 Dickman, Steven G --- —------------- 928 Dingell, Repr. John D --- —--- 607, 761, 770 Dioxin exposure --- —--------------- 4 Disabled Persons, International Year of- 809 Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Office of Small and --- —------- ----- 73 Disadvantaged Children, National Advisory Council on the Education of --- 257 Disadvantaged persons Economic opportunities --- —------ 886 Federal assistance for energy price increases --- 64, 118, 137, 251, 279, 586 Federal programs --- —----------- 909 Food stamp program --- —------ 830, 835 Inflation, effect on ---- 498, 536, 555, 581 1981 budget allocations --- ——.. 229, 568 Project Head Start --- —----------- 463 Welfare reform legislation --- —----- 137 Youth employment. See Employment under Children and youth Disarmament, Committee on --- —----- 204 Disarmament and Control Agency, United States. See United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Disaster assistance Foreign disasters, economic assistance for ------------------------ 943 Mount St. Helens, Wash., eruption, areas damaged by --- —-------- 950, 956 Disaster declarations (Digest) Alabama ----------------------- 774 Arizona ----------------------- 374 Arkansas -------------- 720 California ------------------- 291, 374 Hawaii ------------------------ 292 Idaho ------------------------- 967 Louisiana --------------- 653, 773, 967 Michigan ----------------------- 932 Mississippi ---------------------- 774 Missouri ----------------------- 931 New York --- —------------------- 967 Washington --------------------- 967 Disease Control, Center for --- —------ 257 Dishart, Michael K --- —------------ 929 Disney, Walt -------------- 350 Dispute Resolution Act --- —---------- 303 Dispute Resolution Advisory Board --- — 303 Distillate fuels --- —----------------- 25 District of Columbia Administration anti-inflation briefing for black ministers (Digest) --- —- 825 Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 147 Housing revenue bonds --- —------- 666 Metrorail system --- —------------- 14, 18 1981 budget --- —----------------- 292 Superior Court, associate judge --- —-- 458 U.S. circuit judge --- —---------- 654, 720 Voting rights --- —------------- 224, 830 District of Columbia Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure ----- 392 District of Columbia Law Revision Commission ------------------------- 521 District judges, U.S. See U.S. district judges under Appointments and Nominations Dobry, Anthony --- —---------- 770, 771n. Dodson, Christine --- —-------------- 218 Dogin, Henry S --- —------------- 288, 293 Dollar, U.S., value of Mentions ----------------- 499, 541, 558 1979 rate of exchange statistics --- —- 400 Relationship with: International financial markets. ---. 254 U.S. export increases --- —------- 254 Stabilization actions --- —---------- 254 Dolvin, Lt. Gen. Welborn G --- —----- 33 Dombalis, Constantine --- —---------- 821 Domenici, Sen. Pete V --- —---------- 761 Domestic Policy Staff --- —----------- 319 Dominica, trade beneficiary developing country designation --- —---------— _ 550 Dominican Republic, election system —... — 626 Donilon, Tom --- —----------------- 939 Donovan, Hedley, meetings with the President (Digest) --- —------------ 25, 64, 104, 217, 268, 293, 334, 374, 452, 493, 521, 654, 719, 825, 893, 931, 932, 967 Doob, Joseph L --- —---------------- 82n. Douglas, Cathy --- —---------------- 416 Douglas, Deborah A --- —------------ 929 Douglas, Rick --- —----------------- 893 Douglas, William 0O --- —--------- 105, 416 Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range, William O., Alaska --- —--------------- 416, 419 Downey, Repr. Thomas J --- —-------- 374 Doyen, Ross --- —--------------- 552, 559 Drabek, Jaroslav --- —--------------- 821 Draft registration. See under Selective Service System Driver, William Joseph --- —--------- 12, 25 Drozak, Frank --- —----------------- 719 Drug Enforcement Administration --- — 413 A-20 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Drug retail chains Representatives, meeting with the President --- —------ 607 (Digest), 608 Voluntary price freeze --- —----- 659, 706 Drugs and narcotics, heroin trafficking_- 413 Duckworth, Sandy L --- —----------- 63 Duffey, Joseph --- —---------------- 217 Dugan, Francis R --- —----------- 941, 968 Dukakis, Kitty --- —---------------- 822 Duncan, Charles W., Jr. See Energy, Secretary of Duncan, Jack Genair --- —-------- 812, 826 Duncan, Repr. Robert B --- —-------- 318 Dunham, Daniel B --- —------------ 841 Dunne, Steve --- —----------------- 753 Eagleton, Sen. Thomas F --- —----- 27, 774 Earle, Ralph, II. See United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Director Earth Day --- —--------------- 1, 351, 415 East Orange, N.J --- —-------------- 492 Easter Seal Campaign, 1980 --- —----- 452 Eastwood, Mary --- —--------------- 62 Ecevit, Bulent --- —----------------- 382 Eckhardt, Repr. Bob --- —----------- 303 Economic Advisers, Council of, Chairman (Charles L. Schultze) Budget preparation --- —----------- 225 Inflation rate reduction prediction_- 743 Meetings with the President (Digest) ---------------------- 24, 63, 267, 292, 374, 423, 452, 493, 607, 719, 892, 932 Membership on: Oil Policy Committee --- —--- - 10 Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8 News conference (Checklist) - 269, 453, 608 Economic Cooperation and Development, Organization for --- —------------- 7 Economic Development Administration- 320, 726 Economic Opportunity, National Advisory Council on --- —------------ 274 Economic Report of the President_ — 245, 269 Economic Summits, Special Representative of the President for International ------------------------— 219 Economy, international See also Commerce, international Energy strategies --- —--------- 174, 253 Gold prices --- —----------------- 499 Impact of: Inflation ---------------------- 441, 476, 484, 540, 553, 572, 580, 590, 639 Natural rubber prices --- —------- 591 U.S. dollar value --- —--- 254, 499, 558 Monetary policy --- —------------- 175 Multilateral trade agreements --- —-- 254 Economy, national See also Anti-inflation program; Inflation Administration's goals --- —--------- 199, 481, 498, 513, 541, 734 Economy, national-Continued Advisers, meeting with the President (Digest) ---------------------- 292 Credit controls. See Credit controls Development assistance legislation__- 118 Foreign policy, relationship with --- —-874 Impact of: Employment increases --- —------ 110 Small business sector --- —-------- 73 Soviet trade restrictions --- —----- 184 Interest rates. See Interest rates National energy policy, relationship with ------------------------- 470 News conference (Checklist) -------- 453 News conference statement --- —---- 705 Productivity --------------------- 910 Recession Budget revisions for fiscal year 1981, impact of --- —--------------- 568 Predictions for 1980 --- —------- 245, 246, 735, 748, 829 Savings encouragement --- —------- 554 White House briefing for community leaders ----------------------- 801 Ecuador, trade beneficiary developing country designation --- —------- 430, 550 Edgar, Repr. Robert W --- —--------- 563 Edison, Thomas Alva --- —---------- 274 Editors, American Society of Newspaper -------------------------- 631 Edmundson, Carole C --- —----------- 929 Education Administration's goals and accomplishments ----------------------— 136 Federal aid --- —---------- 115,885,909 Handicapped persons --- —--------- 809 Salute to Learning Day --- —------- 841 Spanish-speaking Americans --- —--- 859 Teachers' role in --- —------------- 430 Youth employment training programs. See Employment under Children and youth Education, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Activation (EO 12212) --- —------- 818 Assistant Secretaries, nominations ---- 203, 204, 219, 425, 426, 608, 751, 759, 768, 775, 840, 841, 967 Deputy Under Secretaries --- —----- 493 General Counsel --- —------------- 315 Handicapped persons programs ---- 809 Inauguration ceremonies --- —------ 523, 850, 855, 894 Inspector General --- —------------ 841 1981 budget allocation --- —------- 231 Purposes of creation ------- 136, 148, 842 Science and technology programs --- 81 Secretary. See Education, Secretary of Under Secretary --- —---------- 426, 522 Education, National Advisory Council on Adult ------------------------ 267, 844 Education, National Institute of ------ 651, 825, 949 Education, Office of --- —------------ 25 A-21 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Education, Secretary of (Shirley M. Hufstedler) For functions of the Department in general, see Education, Department of Black institutions strengthening --- —- 329 Department inauguration ceremonies — 850, 853, 855 Handicapped persons program responsibilities --------------------- 809 Meetings with the President (Digest) 452, 492 Mention ----------------------- 858 President's assessment --- —--------- 885 Youth employment and education training programs development ---- 215 Education of Disadvantaged Children, National Advisory Council on the ---- 257 Educational Progressive Association, Order of the American Hellenic --- —-- 381 Educational Research, National Council on ----------------------- 96, 508, 522 Edwards, John Saul --- —------------ 269 Eglin Air Force Base, Fla -------- 834, 850 Egypt Ambassador to U.S --- —-------- 525, 528 Peace negotiations and treaty with Israel. See under Middle East Prime Minister Mustafa Khalil___ 378, 967 Soviet relations --- —-------------- 807 United States Financial assistance --- —--------- 242 Military facilities --- —---------- 391 Relations --------------------- 528 U.S. Ambassador --- —------------ 930 Vice President Muhammad Husni Mubarak --------------- 99,905,967 Egypt, President (Anwar al-Sadat) Egyptian Government democratization ----------------------- 903, 905 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty role —.- 525, 632, 687 Israeli Prime Minister Begin, meeting with -------------------------- 99 Jerusalem's status, position on --- —-- 640 Mentions -------------------- 399, 541 Relationship with the President__ 181, 486 Visit to U.S. Meetings with the President_ 622, 623 Postvisit comments --- —------ 632, 648 Previsit comments --- —---------- 579 State dinner --- —-------------- 617 West Bank and Gaza Strip autonomy negotiations Camp David accords, commitment to ---------- 378, 460,679, 714, 879 Consultations with the President —_ 511, 521, 523, 694 Resumption of negotiations announcement ----------------- 903 Ehrlich, Thomas --- —--------------- 8 Eidenberg, Eugene --- —------------- 492 Eighties, President's Commission for a National Agenda for the --- —___ 263, 481 Eisenhower, Dwight D --- —------ 742,852 Eizenstat, Stuart E. Cuban refugee policy news conference ---------------------- 914, 932 Dioxin exposure, health effects study — 5 Meetings with the President (Digest) ------------------------- 24, 63, 267, 292, 374, 423, 492, 493, 607, 774, 825 Mentions -------------------- 326, 367 News conferences (Checklist) --- —-- 25, 64,65, 104,219,293,335 Project Head Start, White House reception attendance --- —---- 462,466n. Ekman, Sheldon V --- —---------- 756, 775 El Greco --- —---------------------- 340 El Salvador Ambassador to U.S --- —---------- 775 Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero —_ 534 Conflict in --- —------------------ 626 U.S. Ambassador --- —------------ 191 Elderly. See Older persons Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979, Federal --- —--------------- 37 Elections, 1980 Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc --- —--------------- 937 Cuban refugee situation, effect on campaign ------------------------ 914 Debates, possibility of --- —-- 311, 830, 907 Iranian and Afghan situations, effect on President's campaign Timing of decision announcements for political advantage, possibility of ----------------— 640, 709, 799 Travel plans --- —-------------- 90, 243, 310, 671, 729, 730, 746, 762 Mention ------------------------ 93 President's pledge to support Democratic Party nominee- 731, 738, 739, 763 Primary and caucus results Alabama primary --- —---------- 461 Alaska caucuses --- —----------- 461 Connecticut primary --- —- 534, 538, 564 Florida primary --- —------------ 461 Georgia primary --- —----------- 461 Hawaii caucuses --- —----------- 461 Iowa caucuses --- —---------- 180,519 Kansas primary --- —------------ 584 Maine caucuses --- —------------ 295 Maryland primary --- —--------- 932 Massachusetts primary --- —------ 428 Missouri primary --- —---------- 762 Nebraska primary --- —---------- 932 New Hampshire primary --- —---- 399 New York primary --- —-- 534, 538, 564 News conference (Checklist) ------ 894 Oklahoma caucuses --- —--------- 461 Pennsylvania primary --- — 729, 739, 762 Vermont primary --- —---------- 428 Virginia caucuses --- —---------- 525 Washington caucuses --- —------- 461 Wisconsin primary --- —------ 584, 724 A-22 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Electric utility companies. See Utility companies Electrical Workers, International Brotherhood of --- —------------------- 653 Electrification Administration, Rural_ — 539 Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act Amendments --- —-------- 567 Emergency Boards to investigate railway labor disputes Long Island Railroad --- —------ 103, 104 Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp-_ 667, 684, 931 Emergency building temperature restrictions (Proc. 4750) ---------------- 685 Emergency declarations, Florida__ --- — 892 Emergency Management Agency, Federal. See Federal Emergency Management Agency Emerson, Ralph Waldo --- —--------- 500 Emery, Fred --- —------------------ 682n. Emmett, Daniel Decatur --- —-------- 502 Employee benefit council, interagency, proposed ----------------------- 295 Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 --- —-------------- 295, 617 Employment, Vice President's Task Force on Youth --- —---------------- 124, 815 Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978, Full --- —--- 115, 124, 249, 250 Employment discrimination cases, Special Panel for --- —--------------- 567 Employment Opportunity Commission, Equal ------------------- 223,567,617 Employment and unemployment Administration's accomplishments and goals ---------------------- 750,901 Automobile industry --- — 32, 706, 711, 823 Blacks ------------------- 53, 123,249 Coal industry --- —--------------- 473 Federal procurement policy --- —---- 72 Federal programs --- —--------- 878,919 Handicapped persons --- —--------- 809 Inflation and oil imports, relationship with ------------------------- 71, 124, 227, 244, 250, 472, 580, 582, 787, 798, 802, 829, 860 International trade reorganization, impact on --- —------------------ 6 Minorities ------------------- 805, 878 Nonrubber footwear industry —_ --- — 420 President's commitment to full employment --------------------- 582 Private Sector Initiatives program_ — 124 Small business community --- —----- 74 Spanish-speaking Americans__ 54, 249, 859 Statistics ------------------------ 57, 110, 115, 120, 123, 214, 223, 245, 249, 250, 342, 389, 582, 723, 878 Steel industry --- —--------------- 734 Women ---------------------— _ 831 Youth programs. See Employment under Children and youth Enarson, Harold L --- —------------- 96 Endangered Species Act --- —--------- 416 Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on International Trade in --- —------------------- 590 Energy See also Alcohol fuels; Biomass energy; Coal; Gasohol; Gasoline; Natural gas; Nuclear energy; Oil; Solar energy; Synthetic fuels Conservation. See Energy conservation International cooperative strategy --- 174, 403, 440 Legislation. See Energy legislation Mention ------------------------ 659 1981 budget allocations --- —---- 225, 228 Prices. See Energy prices Production. See Energy production Research and development. See Energy research and development Supplies. See Energy supplies White House briefings for community leaders ------------ 367, 452, 801, 825 Energy, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Annual report --- —--------------- 292 Budget rescissions and deferral_ — 428, 948 Foreign policy role --- —----------- 876 Membership on: Radiation Policy Council --- —---- 363 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management --- —- 301 Mention ------------------------ 115 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee, support services --- —------------ 565 Nuclear waste management responsibilities ------------------------ 298 Oil import adjustment program responsibilities ------------------- 593 Ridesharing programs --- —--------- 272 Under Secretary --- —----------- 65, 335 West-to-east crude oil transportation system, report preparation --- —--- 99 Energy, Secretary of (Charles W. Duncan, Jr.) For functions of the Department in general, see Energy, Department of Council on Wage and Price Stability, adviser-member ---------------- 967 Emergency building temperature restrictions authority --- —--------- 686 Energy conservation Award presentations --- —------- 791n. Program development ---- 481, 788, 790 Functions: Gasoline rationing plan --- —----- 92 Heavy crude oil price control regulations --- —----------------- 96 Marginal oil wells deregulation. --- 696 Nuclear waste management --- —-- 298 International nuclear energy agreements analyses --- —----------— _ 782 A-23 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Energy, Secretary of-Continued Meetings with the President (Digest) - 63, 267, 374 Membership on: Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10 Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8 Mentions ----------------- 49, 266, 514 National energy education policy responsibilities ------------------- 509 National Transportation Week, White House ceremony participation --- — 930 Oil import adjustment program Functions -------------- 594-599, 760 Recommendation to impose conservation fee --- —--------------- 592 Report receptions Coal mining safety --- —--------- 473 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee ------------------------- 504 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management, support services -------------------------- 302 West-to-east crude oil transportation system recommendation --- —----- 100 Energy Agency, International --- —- 251, 440 Energy conservation Anti-inflation measure --- —----- 570, 580 Appeal for public support --- 199, 828, 846 Federal employees ridesharing program ------------------------- 271 Federal programs report --- —------- 274 Mandatory measures ---- 121, 199, 279, 685 Mention ------------------------ 938 1981 budget allocations --- —---- 248, 417 Oil imports reduction, relationship with ------------------------- 71, 314, 461,509, 512, 585, 802, 846, 920, 938 Public service media instruction --- — 368 State and local governments goals -- 130 Tax credits --- —----------------- 130 Voluntary measures --- —- 14, 18, 130, 802 White House briefings --- —-- 49, 787, 826 Energy Conservation Days, National — 783 Energy Education Day, National --- —- 509 Energy Facility Siting and Evaluation Council, Washington State --- —---- 99 Energy legislation See also Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act; Energy mobilization board; Energy security corporation; Standby gasoline rationing plan First national plan, 1977 --- —------ 585 Second national plan, 1979 Congressional consideration --- —-- 71, 92, 128, 199, 337, 460, 480, 498, 762, 788, 804, 829, 846 Mention ---------------------- 115 Passage necessary for: American security and freedom — 279 Oil import reduction --- —----- 121 State and local areas impact assistance- 132 Energy mobilization board Legislation Conference Committee consideration ------------------------ 117, 251,279, 368, 587, 607, 761, 788 Mentions ----------- 121, 480, 805, 846 Priority of administration --- —----- 129 Purposes of creation --- —--------- 117, 129, 149, 251, 831 Energy prices Deregulation --------------------- 788 Inflation, relationship with --- —---- 110, 461, 512, 540, 579, 735, 743 Low-income assistance programs --- — 64, 118, 137, 226, 279 Energy production 1981 budget allocations --- —------- 248 Relationship with: Energy Security Trust Fund --- — 75, 226, 251,279, 448, 585 Oil imports reduction --- —------- 50, 71, 314, 461, 509, 802, 846, 920, 938 Energy Regulatory Commission, Federal- 813 Energy research and development Energy Security Trust Fund allocations. See Funding purposes under Energy Security Trust Fund Federal projects --- —-------------- 664 Energy security corporation Congressional consideration Conference Committee --- —------ 117, 251, 279, 368, 788 Mentions -------------- 121, 480, 846 Priority of administration --- —------ 129 Purposes of creation --- —--------- 117, 129, 149, 251, 832 Energy Security Trust Fund See also Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act Funding purposes Conservation --- —-- 227, 251, 470, 585 Low-income assistance for price increases ------ 227, 251, 279, 585 Mass transit improvement --- —---- 14, 227, 251,470, 585, 884 Research and development --- —-- 72, 76, 226, 251,279, 448, 585 Energy supplies American percentage of world suplies -------------------------- 963 Future American security, relationship with ----------------------- 50, 512 Limited American resources, public recognition of --- —- 649, 828, 847, 920 Engineers, Corps of. See Corps of Engineers Engram, Irby Dell, Sr ---------------- 845 Environment Administration's goals and accomplishments --------------------- 157, 351 Coal production standards --- —---- 473 Earth Day anniversary --- —-------- 1 A-24 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Environment-Continued Hazardous waste disposal. See Hazardous waste disposal International cooperation to protect — 403 Legislation ---------- -------- 233 Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on-_ 951, 959 Nuclear waste disposal --- —------- 298 Pollution standards for energy production ------------------------- 831 Second environmental decade, anniversary celebration --- —------------ 414 West-to-east crude oil transportation system ----------------------- 101 Environment, Panama Canal Joint Commission on the --- —------------- 35 Environmental Industry Council --- 414, 419 Environmental Policy Act of 1970, National ------------------------ 351 Environmental Protection Agency Budget deferral --- —------------- 948 Coal emission standards --- —------- 473 Dioxin exposure, health effects study — 4 Mentions ------------------- 272, 352 Radiation Policy Council membership- 363 Radioactive waste management functions ------------------------- 300 Regional Administrator --- —------- 654 Regulatory reform --- —----------- 59 Steel industry antidumping regulations ------------------------ 902 Three Mile Island, Pa., nuclear accident, environmental protection actions ----------------------- 744 West-to-east crude oil transportation system, port facility location recommendation ------------------- 101 Environmental Protection Agency, Administrator (Douglas M. Costle) Meeting with the President (Digest)__ 63 President's assessment --- —-------- 59-61 Radiation Policy Council, Chairman_- 364 Tennessee Valley Authority functions- 240 Environmental Quality, Council on Annual report --- —--------------- 351 Chairman ----------------------- 335 Mentions ----------------------- 1, 415 Radiation Policy Council, activities appraisal ---------------------- 363 West-to-east crude oil transportation system, report preparation --- —--- 100 Episcopal Church, Christian Methodist- 775 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ----------------- 223, 567, 617 Equal rights amendment Administration's priority --- —--- 118, 154 Deadline extension for ratification_ 116, 154 Illinois General Assembly consideration ------------------- 832, 892, 925 Mention ------------------------ 314 President's support for --- —------ 830, 880 White House briefings --- — 333 (Digest), 921 Erb, Guy Feliz --- —----------------- 296 ERISA. See Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 Ernster, Cletus P --- —-------------- 919 Ervin, Samuel James, III --- —-------- 608 Erving, Julius --- —----------------- 291 Espinosa, Robert Huertematte --- —--- 33 Ethiopia Refugees flight --- —--------------- 964 Soviet influence --- —----------- 111, 674 Trade beneficiary developing country designation withdrawal --- —----- 550 Ethnic organizations, meeting with the President --------------------- 648 Europe, Conference on Security and Cooperation in --- —------------- 440, 848 European Communities Afghanistan neutrality proposal --- —- 439 Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) ------------- 286, 304 Iran, sanctions against --- —- 760, 764, 765 Parliament, President Simone Veil —_ 238 European Communities, Commission of the -------------------------- 189 Evans, Daniel --- —----------------- 263 Evans, Elizabeth W --- —------------ 273 Evans, Gov. John V. Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance actions- 950, 952, 957, 959, 960 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management, member ---- 303 Everett, Robinson 0 --- —------------ 317 Evron, Ephraim --- —------------ 525, 530 Executive Exchange, President's Commission on --- —------------------ 272 Executive Office of the President --- —-- 616 Executive Orders Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership (EO 12190) ----------------------- 262 Arms export controls administration (EO 12210) --- —----------- -- 696 Central Intelligence Agency retirement and disability system (EO 12197) ---------------------- 431 Courts-martial manual amendments (EO 12198) --- —-------------- 493 Credit control (EO 12201) --- —---- 482 Education Department activation (EO 12212) --------------------- 818 Emergency Board to investigate a railway labor dispute (EO 12207) --- 667 European Atomic Energy CommunityU.S. nuclear cooperation (EO 12193) ----------------------- 304 Executive Schedule (EO 12199) --- 462 Export Administration Act of 1979, administration (EO 12214) --- —-- 823 Federal civilian and military pay rates (EO 12200) --- —-------------- 467 Federal facility ridesharing program (EO 12191) --- —-------------- 271 A-25 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Executive Orders-Continued Generalized System of Preferences for developing countries (EO 12204)_- 549 Heavy crude oil price controls (EO 12189) ----------------------- 96 International trade functions (EO 12188) --------------------- 7 Iran Aliens entry into U.S. (EO 12206) - 612 Economic sanctions against (EO 12205) --- —------------ 612 (EO 12211) --- —------------ 714 Marginal oil wells decontrol (EO 12209) ----------------------- 696 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee (EO 12202) ------------------- 504 Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees (EO 12196) ----------------------- 393 Panama Canal functions (EO 12203)- 537 President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations (EO 12195) ----------------------- 372 Radiation Policy Council (EO 12194) --------------------- 362 Refugee admission consultations (EO 12208) ---------------------- 684 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management (EO 12192) ----------------------- 301 United States Holocaust Memorial Council (EO 12213) --- —------- 820 Executive Schedule --- —------------ 462 Executive Service, Senior --- —-- 73, 467, 900 Executives, Presidential Exchange --- —- 422 Export Administration Act of 1979_- 403, 823 Export Council, President's --- —------ 401 Export Disincentives, Task Force on. —. 402 Export-Import Bank of the United States --------------- 400,607,731,942 Ewing, Oscar ---- ------------- 535 Faberge, Inc --- —--------------- 552, 581 Fabiola, Queen --- —---------------- 757 Fabray, Nanette --- —------------ 812, 826 Fahey, Msgr. Charles J --- —---- 816, 826 Families Administration's accomplishments and goals ------------------------- 141 President's comments --- —--------- 650 Families, White House Conference on_- 224 Families With Dependent Children, Aid for ---------------------- 806, 836, 892 Farber, Leonard L --- —--------- 237, 268 Farkas, Gerald M --- —------------- 37 Farm Bureau, American --- —--------- 334 Farm Safety Week, National --- —--- 683 Farmers and farm sector. See Agriculture, farmers and farm sector Farmers Home Administration__ --- — 77, 567 Fascell, Repr. Dante B --- —---------- 848 Father's Day (Proc. 4758) --- —------- 899 Fauna and Flora, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild --------------------------- 590 Fauntroy, Walter --- —-------------- 16 Faust, William --- —----------------- 775 Fay, William M --- —------------ 683, 720 Featherston, C. Moxley --- —------ 683, 720 Federal advisory committees --- —----- 507 Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health ------- 395, 396 Federal Bureau of Investigation ---- 119, 412 Federal civil justice reform --- —------ 303 Federal Civilian Service, President's Award for Distinguished --- —------ 86 Federal Communications Commission__ 152 Federal Council on the Aging Budget allocations --- —------------ 536 Members ---------------- 537, 816, 826 Federal Council on the Humanities ---- 653 Federal departments and agencies See also Memorandums to Federal Agencies Building access for handicapped persons ------------------------— 810 Private sector, relationship with --- — 44 Reform and reorganization --- —--- 115, 148, 483, 543, 616, 785, 836 Refugee assistance --- —------------ 503 Regional officials, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —--------- 217 Regulatory reform. See Federal.egulatory system under Regulatory reform Spending programs reduction --- —-- 570 Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979 --- —-------------- 37 Federal Emergency Management Agency Cuban refugee assistance --- —-- 819, 850 Deputy Associate Director --- —----- 819 Director ---------------- 950, 955, 956 Mention ------------------------ 617 Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance actions --- —----------- 950 Nuclear powerplant safety functions-_ 131, 505 Radiation Policy Council membership- 363 Federal employees Civil service reform --- —---------- 898 Hiring freeze.._ --- —-- 477, 484, 557, 570 Merit pay system --- —------------ 73 Occupational safety and health programs ------------------------ 393 Pay rates --- —---------------- 467, 468 Political activities participation ---- 37, 156 Retirement and disability system ---. 431 Ridesharing program --- —--------- 271 Salary freeze for senior officials --- —- 571 Size reduction --- —--------------- 389 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission- 813 Federal Government. See Federal departments and agencies Federal Highway Administration___ 842, 893 Federal Home Loan Bank Board --- —-- 268 A-26 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association --------------------------- 138 Federal Labor Relations Authority --- — 84, 468, 493 Federal Magistrates Act of 1979 --- —-- 303 Federal Maritime Commission --- — 428, 452 Federal National Mortgage Association- 911 Federal Pay, Advisory Committee on_ — 468 Federal Prison Industries, Inc --- —---- 452 Federal Reserve System Anti-inflation efforts --- —------- 804, 884 Board of Governors Chairman -------------- 574, 607, 892 Members --- —-------- 75, 421, 522, 523 Credit controls authority --- —----- 478, 482, 485, 497, 513, 571, 666, 961 Financial institutions deregulation, effect on --- —------------------ 573 Money supply restrictions --- —------ 570 Prime interest rate increase --- —-- 75, 254 Seasonal credit loans to farmers --- —- 702 Federal Service Impasses Panel --- —--- 83 Federal Trade Commission Chairman ---------------------- 281 Consumer protection activities --- —-- 282 Reauthorization legislation --- —---- 282, 562, 774, 815 West-to-east crude oil transportation system, report preparation --- —--- 99 Fell, Bernard --- —------------------ 268 Ferrill, Jay R --- —----------------- 929 Feynman, Richard Phillips --- —------- 82n. Fiji, U.S. Ambassador --- —---------- 893 Filer, John --- —-------------------- 422 Financial report, President's --- —----- 968 Fink, Stanley --- —------------------ 303 Finland, U.S. Ambassador --- —---- 405, 423 Fischer, Carl William --- —------- 204, 219 Fisher, Repr. Joseph L --- —------- 16, 452 Fishing industry Administration's development policy- 160 Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on- 957 Soviet restrictions in American waters- 23, 41, 196, 278, 634, 747 Fitzgerald, F. Scott --- —----------- 502 FitzGerald, Frances --- —----------- 263 Flag Day and National Flag Week (Proc. 4757) -------------------------- 895 Flander, Mervin J --- ------------ 931 Flemming, Arthur --- —-------------- 537 Fletcher, Willard --- —-------------- 822 Flint, Andrew P --- —--------------- 928 Flipper, Cassandra M --- —----------- 305 Floodplain management --- —--------- 36 Flora, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and --- —------------------ 590 Florida Cuban refugees. See Cuban refugees Democratic Party primary --- —----- 461 Emergency declaration --- —-------- 892 Haitian refugees. See Haitian refugees Flowerree, Charles C --- —-------- 204, 219 Floyd, William F., III --- —------- 533, 564 Foley, Repr. Thomas S. Legislation passage leadership Emergency agricultural credit. --- 568 Farmer-owned grain reserves --- — 653 Mention ------------------------ 539 Mount St. Helens eruption, inspection tour of areas damaged by --- —--- 961 Food Prices ----------------------- 453, 504 Retail stores Representatives, meeting with the President -------- 607 (Digest), 608 Voluntary prices freeze --- —- 659, 706 Stamps Administration's accomplishments — 115, 909 Authorization legislation --- —---- 830, 835, 887, 901 Purchase requirement elimination — 115 "War on Hunger" program --- —---- 176 Food and Agricultural Development, Board for International --- —------- 323 Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 --- — 504 Food Aid Convention --- —----------- 865 Food for Peace --- —---------------- 257 Food program, United Nations World — 257 Footwear industry, nonrubber --- —---- 420 Ford, Charles R --- —-------------- 34 Ford, Gerald R --- —--------- 347, 593, 744 Ford, John --- —-------------------- 502 Ford, Sen. Wendell H --- —------- 303, 538 Foreign assistance See also Developing countries; specific country Caribbean nations --- —----------- 627 Legislation ------------------- 119, 964 White House briefing for congressional Members --------------------- 941 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States --- —--- 483, 534, 564 Foreign commercial service, proposed --- 9 Foreign policy See also specific country or region Administration's goals and accomplishments --------------------- 162,326 Former Soviet allies, relationship with- 807 President's policy imperatives --- —-- 632 President's responsibility to establish policy ------------------ 487, 876, 881 Reflection of American ideals _ --- — 673, 868, 874, 875 White House briefings (Digest) with: Citizen activists in foreign affairs — 63 Congressmen ------------------ 333 Foreign Scholarships, Board of --- —---- 272 Foreign Service --- —---------------- 9 Foreman, Carol Tucker --- —--------- 281 Forest Service --- —--------- 951, 953, 958 Forest System, National --- —--------- 159 A-27 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Forests Energy sources development --- —--- 586 Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on — 951, 956 U.S. efforts to protect --- —-------- 419 Fort Chaffee, Ark --- —-------------- 849 Fortune 500 companies --- —--- 787, 829, 846 Fountain, Tamara R --- —----------- 927 Four Corners Regional Commission_ 372, 453 4-H Club, National --- —------------ 701 France Olympics, 1980 Summer, possibility of boycott ---------------------- 676 Zaire, relationship with --- —------- 679 France, President (Valery Giscard d'Estaing) Mention ------------------------ 674 Palestinian autonomy proposal --- —- 682 Soviet Union, grain shipment decision -------------------------- 42 West German Chancellor Schmidt, meeting with --- —----------- 292, 313 Frank, Irvin --- —------------------- 822 Frankel, Stanley D --- —---------- 377, 379 Frankfort Arsenal, Pa --- —----------- 877 Franklin, Benjamin --- —------- 81, 526, 924 Fraser, Douglas --- —-------------- 28, 931 Fraser, J. Malcolm --- —----- 103, 259, 284 Fraser, Jean S --- —----------------- 926 Fraternal organizations, meeting with the President ----------------------- 648 Fratianne, Linda --- —--------------- 380 Frazier, Henry B., III --- —-------- 468, 493 Fredericks, Wayne --- —------------- 719 Fredin, Conrad M --- —----------- 237, 269 Freedom, Presidential Medal of --- —--- 751 Freeman, Rowland G., III. See General Services Administration, Administrator Freeman, S. David --- —------------- 240 Freight rail industry. See Railroads Frenzel, Repr. Bill --- —------------- 37, 38 Friedman, Clara H --- —------------- 684 Friedman, Stephen J --- —-------- 235, 564 Friendship Force --- —------------ 628, 944 Frosch, Robert A --- —-------------- 563 Fuel companies Conservation fee on imported oil, effect on --- —------------------- 497 Federal control of oil imports, possibility of --- —------------------ 889 Non-oil supplies, ownership constraints ----------------------- 883 Windfall profits tax. See Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act Fuel Institute, New England --- —----- 292 Fuentes, Annette Droz --- —---------- 258 Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978 --- —----- 115, 124, 249, 250 Funk, Gerald --- —--------------- 355, 719 Gabor, Peter C --- —---------------- 928 Gabusi, John B --- —---------------- 203 Galbreath, Dan ----------- 371 Galindo, Gabriel Lewis --- —------ 33 Gallegos, Herman --- —-------------- 263 Galvin, Donald E --- —----------- 812, 826 Garcia, Repr. Robert --- —----------- 492 Gardner, John --- —---------------- 948 Gardner, William C --- —--------- 458, 493 Garn, Sen. Jake --- —---------------- 573 Gary, Ind --- —------------------ 825, 932 Gasohol -------------------- 61,232, 586 Gasoline Conservation fee on imported oil Congressional consideration --- —-- 903, 918, 943 District Court ruling on constitutionality -------------- 903, 931, 944 News conference (Checklist) ------ 932 Oil import reduction measure --- — 485, 497, 554 President's promise to not use receipts to balance 1981 budget --- 571 Proclamations concerning — 592, 657, 760 10 cents per gallon proposal --- —-- 485, 497, 571 Consumption reduction --- —----- 199, 480 Rationing President's position comparison with Sen. Kennedy --- —----------- 750 Standby plan. See Standby gasoline rationing plan State consumption goals --- —------- 481 Gaydos, Repr. Joseph M --- —-------- 369 Gearde, Frank, Jr --- —------------- 931 General Accounting Office --- —---- 544, 898 General Accounting Office Act --- —--- 603 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) -------------------- 7, 97, 265 General Motors Corp --- —---------- 902 General revenue sharing Administration's legislative priority --- 116 5-year extension legislation- 698, 803, 832 President's support --- —-------- 142, 555 Reauthorization proposal --- — 25, 118, 122 General Services Administration Labor surplus areas goals --- —------ 73 Low-emission vehicles development --- 484 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee, support services --- —------------ 505 Occupational safety and health programs --------------------- 393, 396 General Services Administration, Administrator (Rowland G. Freeman III) Energy conservation measures --- —-- 790 Federal employees ridesharing program responsibilities --- —-------- 271 Federal occupational safety and health programs study --- —------------ 396 Mentions -------------------- 263, 302 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee, support services --- —------------ 505 A-28 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Generalized System of Preferences for developing countries. See under Developing countries Geneva Radio Regulations, 1959 --- —-- 225 Genocide, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of --- — 119 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich --- —-------- 189 Gentry, John N --- —------------- 292, 374 Georgia Democratic Party primary --- —----- 461 Equal rights amendment support -- 924 Friendship Force --- —------------- 628 Georgine, Bob --- —-------------- 577, 589 Gerbasi, Salvatore R --- —------------ 769 German Democratic Republic Berlin Wall --- —---------------- 964 Consular convention with U.S --- —-- 783 Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, U.N. proposal opposition --- —---- 40 Germany, Federal Republic of Bavarian Minister President Franz Josef Strauss --- —----------- 470, 518 Berlin Mayor Dietrich Stobbe --- —-- 644 Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher ------------------------- 189 Joint statement --- —-------------- 438 1980 Summer Olympics, boycott of -- 439, 470, 712, 920 Turkey, economic assistance to --- —- 678 Vulnerability to East-West tensions — 675 Germany, Federal Republic of, Chancellor (Helmut Schmidt) French President Giscard d'Estaing, meeting with --- —----------- 291, 313 International situation comparison with First World War --- —------- 673 Iran and Afghanistan situations, telephone discussion with the President (Digest) ----------------- 719 Visit to U.S. Announcement ----------------- 103 Meetings with the President --- —- 435, 438, 441 Getis, Hilary H --- —---------------- 927 Gevirtz, Donald --- —---------------- 263 Geyer, Paul R --- —----------------- 927 Ghorbal, Ashraf A --- —---------- 525, 528 Ghotbzadeh, Sadegh --- —------------ 764 G.I. Forum --- —------------------- 563 Giaimo, Repr. Robert N --- —----- 539, 857 Gibbons, John David --- —----------- 931 Gibbs, Todd --- —------------------ 720 Gilbert Islands, trade beneficiary developing country designation --- —----- 550 Gilman, Marvin S --- —------------- 911 Gilmore, Horace W --- —------------ 968 Ginsberg, Ruth Bader --- —------- 654, 720 Giscard d'Estaing. Valery. See France, President Glenn, Sen. John --- —-------------- 603 GNP. See Gross national product Goddard Memorial Trophy --- —-- 563, 564 Goheen, Robert F --- —-------------- 64 Gold prices --- —---------------- 499, 558 Goldberger, Marvin L --- —---------- 849 Goldschmidt, Neil. See Transportation, Secretary of Goldstein, Sol --- —----------------- 822 Goodby, James Eugene --- —------- 405, 423 Goodfriend, Isaac ---- ----------- 822 Goodling, Repr. William F --- —------ 847 Goodman, June K --- —-------------- 606 Goodwill Graduate of 1980, National_ — 893 Gordon, Robert C. F --- —--------- 364, 375 Gottschalk, Alfred ---- ---------- 822 Government, Federal. See Federal departments and agencies Government Financial Operations, Bureau of --- —--------------------- 594 Government National Mortgage Association ------------------------ 138 Governors' Association, National --- —-- 397 Grady, Sandy --- —------------------ 733n. Graesser, Joy A --- —--------------- 927 Graham, Billy --- —----------------- 181 Graham, Frances Keesler --- —-------- 896 Graham, Otto --- —----------------- 607 Graham, Gov. Robert --- —-------- 624, 820 Grain industry Farmer-owned reserves --- —-------- 652 Prices increase --- —-------------- 339 Soviet trade restrictions. See under Agricultural trade Gramley, Lyle E --- —-------- 421, 522, 523 Granum, Rex --- —----------------- 255 Grasso, Gov. Ella --- —----------- 303, 789 Graves, Earl G --- —----------------- 305 Gray, Catherine G --- —------------- 927 Gray, Fred D --- —------------------ 64 Gray, Georgia Neese Clark --- —------- 563 Gray, Repr. William H., III_ — 373, 509, 719 Graybeal, Sidney N --- —------------- 86 Grayson, C. Jackson --- —------------ 263 Great Britain. See United Kingdom Greece Olympics, proposed permanent summer site --------------- 107, 108, 383, 520 Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis ---------- --------- 382, 520 Winter Olympics torch ceremony in Athens (Digest) --- —----------- 217 Green, William --- —--------- 726, 736, 874 Green, Repr. William S --- —--------- 823 Greenberg, Irving --- —-------------- 822 Grenadines, trade beneficiary developing country designation --- —---------- 550 Greybor Electric Co --- —--------- 552, 581 Griffin, James D --- —--------------- 63 Griffin, Marie --- —----------------- 257 Gromyko, A. A --- —---------------- 878 Gross national product Defense spending percentage --- —--- 347 Federal Government spending, percentage reduction --- —---------- 71 76, 122, 226, 489, 639 A-29 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Gross national product-Continued 1980 decline, President's expectation of --------------------------- 227 World's largest product --- —------- 963 Guam Land claim judgments --- —-------- 466 U.S. policy --- —----------------- 317 Guerin, Elizabeth A --- —------------ 928 Guin, Kenneth --- —------------- 703n. Haar, Dan --- —------------------- 733n. Hagans, Theodore R., Jr --- —-------- 509 Haggerty, Patrick E --- —------------ 849 Haines, Dina M-_ --- —_ --- —----- 926 Haiti, Ambassador to U.S --- —------- 775 Haitian refugees Federal assistance program --- —---- 375 Florida congressional delegation, meeting with the President. --- —- 845, 892 Mentions ---------------------- 901 President's promise for equitable treatment ---------- 834, 879, 904, 914, 916 State Department resettlement efforts- 820 Hale, Sandra J --- —-------- 237, 268 Haltom, E. B., Jr --- —-------------- 64 Hamilton, Blake D_ --- —------------ 929 Hamilton, Christopher D --- —------- 927 Hamilton, Frank I --- —------------- 344 Hammer, Armand --- —------------- 341 Hanaford Works Site, Washington ---- 664 Handicapped, Committee for Purchase From the Blind and Other Severely —_ 37, 521,932 Handicapped, National Council on the — 810, 812, 826 Handicapped, President's Committee on Employment of the --- —----------- 808 Handicapped persons --- —---- 156,808-812 Hanmer, Rebecca W --- —----------- 654 Hansell, Herbret J --- —--------- 720 Hardy, Charles L --- —-------------- 608 Hardy, Gladys Change --- —---------- 949 Harkin, Ruth R --- —--------------- 293 Harkin, Repr. Tom --- —------------ 720 Harkness, Jon L --- —------------- 96, 218 Harnett, William --- —-------------- 340 Harriman, W. Averell --- —---- 47, 267, 719 Harris, Franco --- —-------------- 291 Harris, Repr. Herbert E., II — 13, 15-17, 374 Harris, Larnelle --- —-------------- 183 Harris, Patricia Roberts. See Health and Human Services, Secretary of Harrison, Lt. Jeffrey --- —------------ 786 Harrop, William C --- —------ 355, 843, 893 Hart, Sen. Philip A --- —------------- 281 Harte-Hanks Communications --- —---- 761 Harvey, Sgt. John D --- —------- 780n., 864 Hassell, John S., Jr --- —------- 842, 893 Hastings, Karis A --- —------------- 927 Hatch Act --- —-------------------- 156 Hatcher, Richard --- —----------- 825, 932 Hatfield, Sen. Mark 0 --- —- 37, 38, 275, 318 Hathaway, Dale E --- —-------------- 219 Hawaii Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 461 Disaster declaration --- —---------- 292 Hawkins, Repr. Augustus F --- —------ 847 Hayakawa, Sen. S. I --- —------------ 509 Hayes, Adm. John B --- —----------- 932 Hayes, Spencer T --- —-------------- 19 Hayne, William A --- —------------- 34 Hazardous waste disposal Love Canal and Valley of the Drums accidents ------------------ 158, 352 Nuclear materials. See Nuclear waste disposal Oil ------------------------- 116, 158 Head Start, Project --- —------------ 462 Health, Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety anl --------- 395, 396 Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and --- —------------- 395 Health, National Institutes of ---- _ 955, 956 Health Administration, Occupational Safety and --- —------------- 59, 70, 281 Health and Human Services, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Assistant Secretaries --- —---------- 316 Budget rescissions and deferrals_ — 235, 355 Dioxin exposure effects study --- —---- 4 Inauguration ceremonies --- —------ 908 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee, support services --- —------------ 505 Occupational safety and health activities -------------------- 394 Radiation Policy Council membership- 363 Social security agreement with Switzerland ----------------------- 265 Health and Human Services, Secretary of (Patricia Roberts Harris) For functions of the Department in general, see Health and Human Services, Department of Black colleges strengthening efforts-_ 329 Council on Wage and Price Stability, adviser-member ---------------- 967 Cuban refugee consultations --- —--- 780 Department inauguration ceremonies- 908, 911 Dioxin exposure, legislative requirement for health effects study --- —- 4 Interagency Radiation Research Committee, establishment --- —------- 364 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 267, 492 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee, report reception --- —----------- 504 Project Head Start responsibilities — 462, 465, 466n. Refugee admission functions --- —--- 685 Health and medical care Administration's goals and accomplishments ---------------------- 133-136 Child assurance program --- —--- 118, 811 A-30 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Health and medical care-Continued Dioxin exposure effects --- —------- 4 Emergency medical care --- —------ 514 Federal employee programs --- —---- 393 Handicapped persons --- —--------- 809 Hospital cost containment. See Hospital cost containment Industry representatives, meeting with the President --- —-------------- 563 Mental health-. --- —-------- - 118, 784 Military physician shortage --- —--- 456 Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on — 951 National plan --- —--------- 117, 132, 811 1981 budget allocations --- —---- 230, 231 Nursing homes --- —--------------- 604 Older persons --- —--------------- 535 Polio immunization --- —----------- 811 Research and development --- —----- 190 Spinal cord injuries --- —---------- 811 Health professionals special pay bill, uniformed services --- —-------------- 456 Health Service, Public --- —------- 456, 908 Health Service Corps, National ------- 909 Healy, Theresa Ann --- —--------- 899, 933 Heart Association, American --- —----- 190 Heart Month, American --- —------—. 190 Heckmann, Richard J --- —--------- 304 Heen, Walter Meheula --- —------- 423, 424 Heiden, Beth --- —------------------ 380 Heiden, Eric --- —--------------- 377, 379 Heidt, James H --- —---------------- 929 Heidtke, Lisa R --- -------------- 928 Height, Dorothy --- —------------- 719, 822 Hellenic Educational Progressive Association, Order of the American --- —---- 381 Heller, Michael A --- —-------------- 926 Heller, Walter --- —----------------- 63 Helsinki Final Act --- —---------- 357, 440 Henderson, Thelton Eugene --- —------ 894 Henderson, Thomas H., Jr --- —----- 62, 374 Henry, Aaron --- —-------------- 534, 537 Henry, Bethuel --- —---------------- 373 Herman, Alexis --- —---------- 844, 893 Hershow, Russell M --- —------------ 928 Herzstein, Robert E --- —--------- 188, 654 Hesburgh, Theodore --- —----------- 822 Hess, Paul --- —-------------------- 303 Hessler, Curtis Alan --- —--------- 434, 453 Heumann, Judith E --- —---------- 813, 826 Hewitt, William --- —-------------- -263 Hickey, Robert C --- —-------------- 911 Hicks, Dan P --- —------------------ 928 Highway Administration, Federal_ — 842, 893 Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National ------------------------ 281 Hilberg, Raul --- —----------------- 822 Hinerfeld, Ruth --- —--------- 589, 828, 836 Hinton, Deane R --- —-------------- 521 Hirsch, Sam --- —------------------- 927 Hispanic Americans. See Spanish-speaking Americans Hjort, Howard W --- —-------------- 219 Hobbs, Truman McGill --- —--------- 218 Hodes, Richard S --- —----------- 552, 559 Hodges, Luther H., Jr --- —-- 25, 43, 73, 521 Hofer, David L --- —---------------- 183 Hoffman, Joyce --- —--------------- 75 In. Holliday, Helen --- —---------------- 893 Holloway, Al --- —------------------ 552 Holmes, Cpl. George, Jr --- —---- 780n., 864 Holmes, John Wesley --- —----------- 749 Holocaust, Days of Remembrance of Victims of the --- —------------- ---— 644 Holocaust, President's Commission on the ------------------------- 148, 687 Holocaust Memorial Council, United States -------------------------- 820 Holschuh, John David --- —---------- 564 Holt, Cleo --- —-------------------- 258 Home Administration, Farmers _ ---- 77, 567 Home Loan Bank Board, Federal_ --- — 268 Home Loan Mortgage Association, Federal ---------------------------- 138 Honda Motor Co --- —-------------- 706 Honduras, President Policarpo Paz Garcia ---- --------------- 426 Honolulu, Hawaii --- —-------------- 720 Hooks, Benjamin --- —-------------- 264 Hormats, Robert -------------- 25 Hornby, William --- —-------------- 643n. Horton, Repr. Frank --- —----------- 369 Horton, Odell --- —--------- -- 423, 424 Hospital cost containment legislation-_ 117, 133, 231, 571 Hostage Family Liaison Action Group- 931 Hotel industry --- —---------- ----- 967 Hotelling, Joan P --- —------------ 926 Hourihan, John P --- —---------- 813, 826 House, Arthur H --- —------------- 749 Housing Administration's goals and accomplishments ----------------------- 138 Construction regulations --- —------ 59 D.C. revenue bonds --- —--------- 666 Fair housing legislation --- — 118, 155, 720 Federal mortgage assistance program- 728, 806, 835, 887, 909 Handicapped persons --- —--------- 810 Impact of: Federal financial institutions deregulation -------------------- 573 Inflation ---------------------- 723 Mortgage rates --- —----------- 806, 890 New homes construction. --- 662, 705, 728 1980 production report --- —------- 521 1981 budget allocation — 230, 536, 540, 555 Weatherization assistance program status, report --- —-------------- 492 Housing and Urban Development, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Annual report --- —--------------- 824 Assistant Secretaries --- —------ 192, 281 Radiation Policy Council membership- 363 A-31 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Housing and Urban Development, Secretary of (Moon Landrieu) For functions of the Department in general, see Housing and Urban Development, Department of Council on Wage and Price Stability, adviser-member ---------------- 967 Energy conservation responsibilities — 788 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63, 492, 825 President's assessment --- —--------- 212 Houston Employee Plans Group --- —-- 20 Howard, Repr. James J --- —------ 825 Howe, Warner --- —------------- 533, 564 Howell, Ann --- —----------------- 893 Hsieh, Paul S --- —------------------ 927 Huber, Laura L --- —---------------- 928 Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs -----------------------— 935 Habschman, Henry A --- —--------- 911 Huddleston, Sen. Walter D --- —------ 268 Huff, Helen H --- —--------------- 845 Hufstedler, Shirley M. See Education, Secretary of Hughes, Gov. Harry --- —----------- 303 Hughes, John David --- —----------- 813 Hughes, Langston --- —-------------- 56 Hughes, Paula D --- —----------- 940, 968 Hughes, Repr. William J --- —----- 607 Human rights Conventions ratification --- —------- 119 Domestic Administration's accomplishments- 155 Blacks -------------------- 85, 222 Humphrey, Hubert H., efforts for — 222 Johnson, Lyndon, efforts --- —---- 463 Spanish-speaking Americans --- —-- 223 Women ---------------------- 223 Foreign Administration's accomplishments and goals --- —------- 166, 177, 379 International Labor Organization's violations investigation --- —---- 306 Soviet Union --- —---------- 357, 379 Third World nations --- —------- 197 Mentions ------------------ 50,52,579 Reflection of American ideals_ 216, 385, 868 Human Rights, Inter-American Convention on --- —------------------- 119 Human Rights, United Nations Commission on --- —------------------- 495 Humanities, National Council on the --- 264 Humanities, National Endowment for the ------------------------- 521, 774 Humanities, National Foundation on the Arts and --- —-------------------- 754 Humphrey, Sen. Gordon J --- —----- 538 Humphrey, Hubert H. Civil rights efforts --- —----------- 221 New England tribute --- —--------- 935 1968 Presidential election --- —-- 732, 738 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient -------------------------- 752 Humphrey, Hubert H.-Continued Quoted ------------------------- 910 Humphrey, Sen. Muriel --- —------ 224, 935 Humphrey-Hawkins act. See Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978 Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Hubert ------------------------- 935 Hund, Kirsten J --- —---------- 929 Hungary, U.S. Ambassador --- —-- 236, 268 Hunger, Presidential Commission on World -------------------------- 777 Hunt, Dale C --- —----------------- 929 Hunter, Larry W --- —-------------- 927 Hwang, Charles C --- —------------- 929 Iacocca, Lee --- —------------------ 29 Iakovos, Archbishop --- —----------- 752 Idaho Disaster declaration --- —--------- 967 Mount St. Helens eruption, areas damaged by --- —---------- 957, 958 Salmon River and River of No Return ------------------------- 416 Ideal Basic Industries --- —----------- 581 Illinois Democratic Party primary --- —----- 538 Equal rights amendment consideration ------------------ 833, 892, S24 U.S. district judges --- —---------- 608 Immigration and naturalization See also Refugees Administration's accomplishments and goals ----------------------- 142 Cuban refugees. See Cuban refugees Haitian refugees. See Haitian refugees Iranian aliens --- —--------------- 615 Legislation ---------------------- 119 Refugee admission consultations --- — 684 Immigration and Naturalization Service- 915 Impasses Panel, Federal Service --- —-- 83 Import Bank of the United States, Export- -------------- 400,607,731,942 Imports. See under Commerce, international India Foreign relations Pakistan --------------- 35, 330 U.S ------------------------ 172 President's Personal Emissary. --- 188,217 U.S. Ambassador --- —------------ 64 Indian Education, National Advisory Council on --- —------------------ 849 Indiana, administration briefing for comunity and civic leaders (Digest) —.- 825 Indonesia Natural rubber exports --- —-------- 592 Trade with U.S --- —--- 20, 403, 430, 550 Inflation See also Anti-inflation program Administration's top domestic priority- 120, 215, 245, 539, 579, 587 A-32 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Inflation-Continued Causes Comprehensive energy policy, absence of --- —--------- 337, 385, 388 Economic productivity rate decrease ------------------- 215, 476 Home mortgage rates --- —------- 713 Oil imports. See under Oil imports Impact on: Consumer prices --- —----------- 245 Disadvantaged persons ---- 536, 540, 798 Employment ------------------ 124, 227, 244, 250, 472, 582, 798, 802 Interest rates. See under Interest rates International economy ---- 280, 388, 441 Minimum wage — 115, 572, 580, 590, 637 Older persons --- —-------------- 536 Mention ------------------------ 649 Innovation Development, Corporations for ----------------------------- 77 Inouye, Sen. Daniel K --- —------- 373, 962 Institute. See other part of title Institutionalized Persons Act, Civil Rights of --- —------------------- 965 Intelligence community National security functions --- —---- 167 New legislative charter-__ 155, 167, 198, 241 Interagency Committee for the Purchase of United States Savings Bonds --- —- 653 Interagency Committee on Women's Business Enterprise --- —----------- 77 Interagency Council for Minority Business Enterprise --- —-------------- 76 Interagency employee benefit council, proposed ------------------------ 295 Interagency Radiation Research Committee -------------------------- 364 Interagency Review Group on Radioactive Waste Management --- —------ 297 Inter-American Convention on Human Rights -------------------------- 119 Inter-American Development Bank Day (Proc. 4728) --- —---------------- 414 Inter-American Foundation --- —------ 522 Interest rates Federal financial institution ceilings — 573 Oil price increases, relationship with- 705, 875 Statistics ------------- 728, 762, 829, 875 Intergovernmental Committee for Science and Technology for Development_ 408 Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization Convention --- —-- 945 Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission on --- —------- 104, 273,422 Interior, Department of the See also specific constituent agencies Budget rescissions and deferrals --- — 235 Environmental protection activities_ — 352 Federal water projects assessment ---- 239 John Day River in Oregon, wild and scenic river study --- —---------- 323 Interior, Department of the-Continued Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act, responsibilities --- —----- 604 Reports preparation National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska ------------------- 63, 232 West-to-east crude oil transportation system --- —-------------- 99 Solicitor --------------------- 718, 775 Territorial responsibilities --- —----- 319 Water project plans --- —---------- 88 Interior, Secretary of the (Cecil D. Andrus) For functions of the Department in general, see Interior, Department of the Meeting with the President (Digest)- 825 Membership on: Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 8 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management --- —- 301 Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 10 Mentions -------------------- 233, 416 Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance responsibilities --- —- 955, 956 News conference (Checklist) -------- 104 Paiute Indian reservation plan preparation ----------------------- 604 Recommendations on: Water projects --- —------------- 89 West-to-east crude oil transportation system --- —----------- 99-101 Site establishment to commemorate former Presidents --- —---------- 433 Territorial responsibilities --- —----- 319 U.S. nuclear test investigations on Northern Marshall Islands --- —--- 466 William 0. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range, Alaska, management --- —- 420 Internal Revenue Service --- —-- 20, 289, 322 International Air Transportation Competition Act --- —----------------- 332 International Atomic Energy Agency --- 266, 403, 433 International Broadcasting, Board for —_ 56, 218 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers ------------------------ 653 International Chamber of Commerce --- 307 International Communication Agency_ 236, 452, 616 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979 --- —------ 946 International Court of Justice, American hostages in Iran decision --- —------ 22, 37, 39, 113, 614, 670, 707, 728, 795, 881 International Development, Agency for — 427, 452, 561 International Development Cooperation Agency, United States --- — 8, 51, 218, 296 A-33 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 International Economic Summits, Special Representative of the President for ----------------------------- 219 International emergency wheat reserve__ 162 International Energy Agency --- —- 251, 440 International Food and Agricultural Development, Board for --- —--------- 323 International Labor Conference --- —-- 931 International Labor Office --- —------- 931 International Labor Organization --- — 306 International Monetary Fund --- —- 175, 942 International Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979 ---- -------------- 591 International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation ------------------------- 286, 403 International Olympic Committee President ------------------------ 929 Rules governing individual representation at Games --- —------------- 677 Summer Olympics, 1980 Decision to hold games in Moscow- 305, 311, 356 U.S. boycott, position presentation to ------------------ 106, 108,356 International Telecommunication Union- 225 International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium --- —-------------- 705 International Trade Commission, United States. See United States International Trade Commission International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention on --- —-------------- 590 International Wheat Agreement --- —-- 865 International Year of the Child, 1979, National Commission on the --- —--- 752 International Year of Disabled Persons-_ 809 Interstate Commerce Commission --- —- 584 Inventors' Day, National --- —-------- 273 Investigation, Federal Bureau of_ --- 119, 412 Iowa Democratic Party caucuses --- —----- 180 Grain sales embargo --- —--------- 92 Iran American hostage situation Address to the Nation --- —------- 22 American leadership, responsibility for ------------------------- 641 Cause for American unity --- —--- 216, 325, 384, 398 Embassy protection before takeover -------------------- 112,740 Hostage Family Liaison Action Group --------------------— _ 930 International Court of Justice decision. See under International Court of Justice International reaction European Communities --- —---- 189, 238, 760, 764, 775, 900 Germany, Federal Republic of-_ 437, 438,442,719 Iran-Continued American hostage situation-Continued International reaction —Continued Islamic nations-_ --- —-------- 337 Italy --------------------- 208, 210 Kenya ---------------------- 355 Spain ----------------------- 83 United Nations. See Iran, American hostages in under United Nations U.S. allies --- —-------------- 338, 638, 662, 668, 707, 712, 728, 882, 897 Iranian Embassy in London takeover, comparison with --- —----- 845 Mentions --------------------- 52, 68, 91, 93, 224, 341, 367, 553, 608, 649 659, 702, 867, 938, 962 Michael Metrinko's parents, meeting with the President --- —------- 606 National honor and safety of the hostages, inseparability of --- —- 729, 745, 765 News conference statements ---- 307, 704 Possibility of: Deadline for release --- —------ 670, 709, 745 Food embargo --- —----------- 707 Military measures --- —-------- 660, 669, 670, 707-712, 728, 745, 882 Soviet control of militants --- — 637 Transfer to Iranian Government- 576, 577 Presidential campaign, impact on. See under Elections, 1980 President's commitment to: Peacefully resolve --- —-------- 25, 36, 1 2, 633, 742,873 Protect lives of hostages --- —--- 25, 36, 88, 112, 345,875 Refuse to apologize for past U.S. actions -----------------— __ 734 Public support for President's actions ----------------------- 90 Relocation of hostages --- —------ 888 Rescue mission Address to the Nation --- —---- 772 Congressional leaders, meeting with the President (Digest)-_ 775 Helicopters, mechanical condition of --------------------- 805, 882 Letter to Speaker of House and Senate President pro tempore- 777 News conference --- —------ 792-800 Nonmilitary mission --- —---- 793, 873 Planning ------------------- 889 President's conviction of rightness of operation --- —---- 787, 860 Rehearsal of operation in continental U.S --- —------------ 882 Secretary of State Vance's opposition to --- —----------- 781, 881 Servicemen injured during operation ------------------- 756, 793 A-34 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Iran Continued American hostage situation-Continued Rescue mission-Continued Servicemen killed during operation -------------- 779, 847, 864 White House statement --- —--- 771 White House briefings --- —------ 38, 63 White House statement --- —----- 11 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. See Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Canadian delegation, escape assistance to six Americans --- —------ 255 Emigration to U.S --- —------------ 451 Foreign Minister Sadegh Ghotbzadeh- 764 Iraq, relationship with --- —-------- 685 Military capabilities --- —---------- 662 Oil supplies --- —------------- 661,685 President Abol Hassan Bani-Sadr. See Iran, President Revolutionary Council --- —-------- 39 671, 710, 724, 741, 742, 745, 764, 794 Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. See Pahlavi, Shah Mohammad Reza Soviet threat of invasion --- —------ 40, 113, 184, 195, 390, 728 U.N. Secretary-General Waldheim's visit -----------------------— _ 39 U.S. sanctions Aliens entry restrictions into U.S --- 615 Diplomatic facilities closings in U.S_ 611, 612, 707, 800 Economic EO 12205 --- —------------- 612 EO 12211 --- —----------- 714,764 Iranian economy, effect on --- — 661 Mention -------------------- 800 Messages to Congress reporting U.S. actions --- —------- 614,716 Purposes ------------- 670, 707, 882 Travel prohibition on U.S. citizens_ 710, 715, 717 Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini American hostage situation Mentions ------- 39, 112, 277, 796, 800 Position on: Execution of hostages --- —- 730, 765 Release --------------------- 741 Responsibility for illegal holding__ 611 Transfer to Iranian Government, promise to.. ----. 637, 671, 745, 764 U.N. Secretary-General Waldheim, refusal to see --- —--------------- 27 United States past involvement in Iran, position on --- —----------- 742 Iran, Central Bank of --- —----------- 614 Iran, President (Abol Hassan BaniSadr), American hostage situation Mentions -------------------- 707, 730 Release, position on --------------- 741 Transfer to Iranian Government, promise to --- —---------------- 576, 671, 710, 724, 742, 745, 764 Iran, United Nations commission of inquiry on --- —-------- 356, 386, 455, 458 Iraq, relationship with Iran --- —------ 685 Ireland, Foreign Minister Brian Lenihan --------------------------- 500 Irish Americans --- —---------------- 502 Isaiah ---------------------------- 528 Islamic Nations Response to: American hostages in Iran --- —-- 337 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ---- 88, 284, 325, 329, 390, 398, 459, 579, 642 U.S. relations --- —---------------- 283 Israel Ambassador to Egypt --- —--------- 378 Ambassador to U.S --- —----- 525, 530 Defense Minister Ezer Weizman --- — 825 Jerusalem, status of --- —---------- 427 Labor Party chairman, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —------ 774 Mention -------------------- 91 Peace treaty and negotiations with Egypt. See under Middle East United States Financial assistance --- —----- 242, 377 Military facilities --- —---------- 391 Oil supplies --- —--------------- 688 Relations --------------------- 527 U.S. Ambassador --- —------------- 930 Israel, Prime Minister (Menahem Begin) Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty role ---- 525, 632 Meeting with Egyptian President Sadat ------------------------ 99 Mentions --------------------- 377, 541 Relationship with the President_ — 181, 486 Visit to U.S. Meetings with the President- 694, 700 Previsit comments_ — 579, 622, 623, 648 State dinner --- —-------------- 686 West Bank and Gaza Strip autonomy negotiations Camp David accords, commitment to ------------------------ 378, 460, 618, 679, 714, 879 Consultations with the President- 511, 521, 523 Italian American Foundation --- —---- 208 Italy Joint statements --- —-------------- 210 NATO role --- —------------------ 679 Nonrubber footwear exports --- —--- 421 Venice Economic Summit Conference. See Venice Economic Summit Conference Visit to U.S. Announcement ----------------- 24 Joint press statement --- —------- 210 State dinner --- —-------------- 207 Welcoming ceremony --- —------- 200 Iwo Jima Commemoration Day (Proc. 4724) -------------------------- 350 A-35 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Jabaley, Michael E --- —------------- 927 Jackson, Sen. Henry M. Communications from the President_ 63, 233n. Energy mobilization board legislation support ----------------------- 761 United States Holocaust Memorial Commission, member --- —------- 823 U.S. territorial policy development --- 318 Jackson, Jesse --- —----------------- 932 Jackson, Maynard --- —------------- 719 Jackson, Reggie --- —--------------- 291 Jaffe, Celia P --- —----------------- 928 Japan Ambassador to U.S --- —-------- 422, 775 Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira ---- 607, 806, 816, 817 Train systems research and development ------------------------- 664 United States Grain sales --- —--------------- 392 Medical science cooperation program ----------------------- 493 Relations ---------------------- 169 Science and technology cooperation- 407, 816, 826 Jaques, Milton --- —---------------- 733n. Javits, Marian B --- —--------------- 264 Jefferson, Thomas Educational philosophy --- —---- 852, 856 Mention ---------------------- 81,924 Quoted ------------------------- 646 Jeffords, Repr. James M --- —-------- 847 Jenkins, Roy --- —------------------ 189 Jenkins, Timothy L --- —--------- 940,968 Jewish Appeal, United --- —------- 377,931 Jewish Heritage Week (Proc. 4752) --- 768 Jews Organization for Rehabilitation through Training, foundation of --- 561 St. Louis federation, meeting with the President (Digest) ------------- 217 Jews, National Conference of Christians and ---------------------------- 343 Job, Glenn --- —-------------------- 380 Joe, Thomas C --- —------------- 813,826 John Day River in Oregon ----------- 323 John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts --- —------------- 273, 304, 399 John Paul II, Pope --- —------------- 181 Johnson, Staff Sgt. Dewey L -—. 780n., 864 Johnson, Repr. Harold T --- —----- 333, 825 Johnson, Lady Bird --- —---- 462, 463, 466n. Johnson, Lyndon B. Education legislation support --- —-- 852 Head Start program establishment_ — 463 Mention ------------------------ 766 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient -------------------------- 752 Quoted ------------------------- 910 U.S.S. Pueblo incident --- —-------- 744 Johnson, Michael C --- —------------ 926 Johnson, Norma Holloway --- —---- 423, 424 Johnson, Robin K — ----------- 926 Johnston, Sen. J. Bennett --- —----- 318, 761 Joint Statements Germany, Federal Republic of --- —- 438 Italy --------------------------- 210 Jones, James E., Jr --- —------------- 567 Jones, Lois Mailou --- —------------- 602 Jordan, Emma Coleman --- —--------- 949 Jordan, Hamilton Foreign policy role --- —----------- 708 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24, 25, 63, 103, 217, 267, 268, 293, 334, 374, 423, 452, 522, 563, 654, 775,825, 892, 893, 932, 967 Jordan, West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements, law enforcement responsibilities ------------------------- 618 Jorling, Thomas --- —-------------— ___ 264 Joseph, James A --- —--------------- 344 Juan Carlos I, King --- —--------- 334, 335 Judicial Disabilities and Tenure, District of Columbia Commission on --- —--- 392 Juneau, W. Stanley --- —------------ 849 Jung, Francis L --- —------------- 534, 564 Justice, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Attorney General. See Attorney General Budget rescission and deferrals --- —- 235, 899, 948 Criminal code reform --- —--------- 156 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, transfer to --- —------------ 483 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement ------------------------- 402 Fuel companies non-oil supplies ownership, monitoring of --- —--------- 883 International trade investigations. —. 402 Radiation Policy Council membership- 363 State and local dispute resolution programs ------------------------ 303 West-to-east crude oil transportation system recommendation --- —----- 100 Justice, International Court of. See International Court of Justice Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics, Office of --- —------------- 288, 293 Kahn, Alfred E. Meetings with the President (Digest)- 292, 374, 493, 607, 774, 892, 893 Mentions --------------------— 59, 61 Voluntary wage and price guidelines, telegram to Fortune 500 companies (Checklist) -------------------- 453 Kahn, Eve M --- —----------------- 926 Kaiser, Philip M --- —--------------- 191 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp ---- 892 Kampelman, Max M --- —----------- 848 Kampuchea Geneva relief conference --- —------ 931 Refugees ------------------------ 964 Soviet influence --- —-------------- 674 A-36 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Kanazawa, Shimeji --- —-------- 816, 826 Kane, Robert. See United States Olympic Committee, President Kansas Democratic Party primary --- —----- 584 U.S. district judge --- —----------- 720 Karamanlis, Constantine --- —----- 382, 520 Kariuki, Godfrey G --- —------------ 355 Karpatkin, Rhoda --- —-------------- 264 Kassebaum, Sen. Nancy Landon --- —-- 584 Kastenmeier, Repr. Robert W --- —---- 303 Katterhagen, J. Gale --- —----------- 911 Katz, Abraham --- —-------------- 48, 374 Kaufman, Robert E --- —------------ 606 Kavanaugh, Paul F ----------- 237 Keeley, Robert V --- —----------- 717, 720 Keep, Judith Nelsen --- —------------ 894 Kelly, Patrick F --- —--------------- 720 Kemeny, John G --- —------- 118, 131, 544 Kennedy, Sen. Edward M. Campaign withdrawal, possibility of — 451 Chrysler Corporation, Federal assistance support --- —-------------- 311 Democratic Presidential campaign Convention rules change, possibility of ------------------ 731, 737, 739 Debate with the President, Sen. Byrd's advocacy of --- —------- 907 Decision to stay in race to conclusion ------------------------ 729 Primary and caucus results --- —--- 180, 295, 399, 429, 525, 534, 762 Dispute Resolution Act, passage leadership --------------------- 303 Iran and Afghanistan situation positions ------------------------- 308 Mention ------------------------ 631 Policy differences with the President- 736, 749, 750 Trucking industry deregulation support -------------------------- 281 Kennedy, John F --- —----------- 502, 867 Kennedy, William J., III --- —-------- 305 Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, John F --- —------------- 273, 304, 399 Kentucky, State officials, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —-------- 422 Kenya President Daniel T. arap Moi ------- 334, 335, 352, 354, 357 U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 843,893 U.S. military bases --- —--------- 35, 391 Kenyatta, Imze Jomo --- —------- 353, 357 Keys, Martha E --- —------------ 840, 967 Khalil, Mustafa --- —------------ 378, 967 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah. See Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Kiereini, Jeremiah G --- —----------- 355 Kiker, John W --- —---------------- 19 Killanin, Lord --- —---------------- 929 Killen, Denis James --- —------------ 422 Killy, Jean Claude --- —------------- 380 King. See specific forename King, Gov. Bruce --- —-------------- 303 King, Coretta Scott --- —---------- 84, 890 King, James B --- —----------------- 493 King, Martin Luther, Jr. Birthday anniversary, message of the President --------------------- 61 Civil rights efforts --- —------ 84, 223, 887 National holiday legislation --- 155, 890 King, Susan B --- —----------------- 281 King Hussein. See Jordan, King Hussein King Juan Carlos I. See Spain, King Kiribati Friendship treaty with U.S --- —---- 206 Trade beneficiary developing country designation -------------------- 550 Kirkland, Lane --- —---------- 28, 224, 452 Kissinger, Henry A --- —------------- 631 Kiwanis International --- —---------- 930 Kline, Mark D --- —---------------- 927 Klotz, Bobi --- —---------------- 377, 379 Klutznick, Philip M. See Commerce, Secretary of Knap, Ted --- —------------------- 733n. Knox, Marcy --- —------------------ 824 Knuth, Donald Ervin --- —---------- 82n. Kohler, Saul --- —----------------- 751 n. Kolberg, William --- —-------------- 422 Kolisevski, Lazar --- —-------------- 828 Komer, Odessa ----------------- 813, 826 Kontos, C. William --- —--------- 843, 893 Kopman, Marlene --- —------------- 192 Korea, Republic of Nonrubber footwear exports --- —--- 420 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169 Korenko, Michael Karl --- —--------- 949 Kornberg, Arthur --- —-------------- 82n. Kornegay, Francis Albert --- —-------- 237 Kozaren, Robert --- —--------------- 292 Kraft, Timothy F --- —-------------- 939 Kreeger, Bill --- —------------------ 412 Kreidler, Robert L --- —------------- 928 Krents, Harold Eliot --- —----------- 949 Kreps, Juanita --- —---------------- 47 Krueger, Robert --- —-------------- 756n. Ku Klux Klan --------------------- 223 Kulas, Julian E --- —---------------- 822 Kuntz, Marcia B --- —--------------- 928 Kurose, Aki --- —------------------- 258 Kushner, Rose --- —---------------- 911 Kuwait, abstention from voting on sanctions against Iran --- —------------ 39 Kyprianou, Spyros --- —------------- 382 Labor Anti-inflation accords with administration ----- 71, 76, 121,248, 497, 581 Law reform --- —----------------- 156 Legislation ---------------------- 582 New York leaders, meeting with the President --------------------- 451 Windfall profits tax support --- —---- 586 A-37 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Labor, Department of See also specific constituent agencies CETA program administration ------ 909 Employee retirement cooperative agreements -------------------- 295 Frances Perkins Building dedication-_ 629 Radiation Policy Council membership -------------------------- 363 Trade adjustment assistance determinations --------------------- 823 Under Secretary --- —------- — 292,374 Youth employment and training programs ----------------- 125,312,337 Labor, Secretary of (Ray Marshall) For functions of the Department in general, see Labor, Department of Coal mining safety report reception-_ 473 Federal civilian and military pay rate recommendations -------------- 468 Federal Council on the Humanities, member ------------------ 653 Frances Perkins Building dedication ceremony attendance --- —------- 629 Import relief determinations_ 3, 4, 532, 533 Meetings with the President (Dieest) - 63, 374, 825, 932 Mention ------------------------ 808 Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees --- —- 393 Youth employment and education program actions --- —------------ 64, 215 Labor Conference, International --- —- 931 Labor Council for Latin American Advancement --------------------- 857 Labor Office, International --- —------ 930 Labor Organization, International ---- 306 Labor Relations Authority, Federal --- — 84, 468, 493 Labor Relations Board, National --- 217, 218 Laffoon, James R_ --- —------------- 269 Lagomarsino, Repr. Robert F ----__ 318, 433 Lake, W. Anthony --- —------------- 891 Lake County, Ind --- —-------------- 966 Lake Placid Olympic Organizing Committee ------------------------- 268 Lamb, Lawrence --- —--------------- 261 Lamm, Norman --- —--------------- 822 Landers, Ann --- —----------------- 911 Landrieu, Moon. See Housing and Urban Development, Secretary of Langlotz, Bennet K --- —------------ 927 Lapin, Raymond H --- —------------ 911 Latin America See also Caribbean; specific country Cuban influence --- —---------- 173,626 Inter-American Development Bank, role in --- —------------------- 414 United States Exchange programs --- —-------- 628 Foreign relations --- —---- 173,626, 944 Nongovernmental volunteer programs ---------------------- 64 Latin American Advancement, Labor Council for --- —----------------- 857 Latin American Citizens, League of United ------------------------- 563 Laurence, Margaret Muth -- _ --- — 237, 268 Lautenberg, Frank R --- —----------- 822 Law Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 4733) -------- 457 Law Enforcement Assistance Administration ------------------ 154,288,293 Law enforcement and crime Federal criminal code --- —--------- 156 Institutionalized persons civil rights-_ 965 State attorneys general, district attorneys, and police chiefs, White House reception --------------------- 412 Lawrence, Jacob --- —--------------- 602 Lawson, Louise Quarles --- —--------- 305 Leadership Conference on Civil Rights — 221, 720 League of Women Voters --- —----- 589, 828 Learning Day, Salute to --- —--------- 841 Leather wearing apparel industry — 531, 532 Lebanon, Palestinian terrorists --- —--- 390 Lee, Eugene H --- —---------------- 927 Lee, Robert E --- —----------------- 864 Leffall, Lasalle D., Jr --- —----------- 911 Lehman, Repr. William --- —--------- 823 Leith, Emmett N --- —------------- 82n. LeMelle, Wilbert John --- —---------- 355 Lemmond, William Park, Jr --- —----- 757 Lenihan, Brian --- —--------------- 500 Leone, Antoinette L --- —------------ 814 Lerman, Miles --- —------------ 822 Lerner, Gerda --- —------------ 412 Lerner, Mr. and Mrs. Louis --- —------ 333 Lesotho, Ambassador to U.S --- —----- 775 Letters, Messages, Telegrams See also Congress, Communications to Anhydrous ammonia industry, letter to United States International Trade Commission Chairman --- —------ 102 Dominican Embassy in Bogota, Colombia, release of hostages Letter to Colombian President ---- 780 Letter to U.S. Ambassador --- —--- 781 Federal Trade Commission reauthorization legislation, letter to Commissioners and staff --- —------- 815 Iran, rescue attempt of American hostages, memorial service message for eight servicemen --- —----------- 779 King, Martin Luther, Jr., birthday message -------------------- 61 National Afro-American (Black) History month, message --- —-------- 85 National Brotherhood Week, message- 343 National Nursing Home Week, message ----------------------- 604 A-38 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Letters, Messages, Telegrams-Continued Olympics, 1980 Summer, U.S. Olympic Committee President Letter ------------------------ 106 Mailgram --------------------- 616 Resignations and retirements, State, Secretary of, exchange of letters —_ 781 Levin, Betsy --- —------------------- 315 Levin, Sen. Carl Frances Perkins Building dedication ceremony attendance --- —------- 631n. Legislation passage leadership Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 --- —------- 27, 30 Michigan army missile plant conveyance ---------------- 769, 770 Levitt, Arthur, Jr ----- 64, 68, 916,919,920 Levy, Elizabeth A --- —-------------- 926 Lewis, Capt. Harold --- —--- 780n., 849, 864 Lewis, Helen A --- —---------------- 19 Lewis, Samuel W --- —-------------- 930 Liberia Ambassador to U.S --- —----------- 268 President William R. Tolbert, Jr _-. 373 Liberian Relations, President's Commission on United States --- —- 372, 373, 508 Lin, Jun-Ching --- —---------------- 927 Linakis, Yorka C --- —-------------- 218 Lincoln, Abraham ------------- 851,890 Lindley, Elizabeth A --- —----------- 926 Linowitz, Sol M. See Presidential Commission on World Hunger, Chairman; Middle East, Egyptian-Israeli peace negotiations, Personal Representative of the President Lippmann, Walter --- —-------- 200 List, Gov. Robert --- —--- 303, 422, 606, 904 Litt, David G --- —----------------- 928 Littell, Franklin --- —--------------- 822 Loff, Deborah --- —----------------- 291 Loncar, Budimir --- —--------------- 892 Long, Sen. Russell B --- —- 542, 584, 585, 588 Long Island Rail Road --- —-- 103, 104, 668 Longworth, Alice Roosevelt --- —------ 362 Lopez, Franklin Delano --- —--------- 305 L6pez Portillo, Jose --- —------------- 407 Loren, Sophia --- —----------------- 267 Louisiana Disaster declaration --- —---- 65, 773, 967 U.S. district judge --- —----------- 608 Louisville University basketball team_ — 607 Love Canal, Niagara Falls, N.Y --- —-- 158, 352, 967 Low, Harry W --- —---------------- 757 Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board -------------------------- 483 Low-income persons. See Disadvantaged persons Lowen, Robert J --- —----------- 509 Lowenstein, Allard K --- —----------- 495 Loy, Frank E --- —----------------- 217 Loyalty Day (Proc. 4734) --- —------ 457 Lubbers, William A --- —--------- 217, 218 Lucas, William S --- —-------------- 926 Ludsin, Steven --- —---------------- 822 Lugar, Sen. Richard G --- —--------- 31 Lukash, Rear Adm. William M --- —--- 104 Lung, Heart, and Blood Institute, National ------------------------- 190 Luns, Joseph M. A. H --- —---------- 892 Lynn, Loretta --- —----------------- 850 MacDonald, Peter --- —-------------- 303 Macy, John W., Jr --- —------------- 950 Maddox, Lester G --- —------------ 828 Magistrates Act of 1979, Federal_ ----_ 303 Magnuson, Anna --- —-------------- 928 Magnuson, Catherine J --- —------ 928 Magnuson, Sen. Warren G --- —-- 778n., 960 Mahre, Phil --- —------------------- 380 Maine Democratic Party caucuses --- —----- 295 Potato growers, task force to consider Federal policies affecting --- —---- 608 U.S. attorney --- —---------------- 375 Malaysia, natural rubber trade --- —--- 592 Malmquist, Walter --- —------------- 380 Malta, income tax treaty with U.S —. 756 Management and Budget, Office of Deputy Director --- —--- 292, 293, 607, 774 Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, report preparation —. 295 Executive Associate Director --- —--- 25 Federal facility ridesharing program — 271 Federal Procurement Policy, Administrator for --- —------------- 371, 375 Federal procurement policy monitoring ------------------- -- 73 1981 budget revisions role --- —----- 569 Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees --- —- 394 President's Reorganization Project_ — 483 Radiation effects review --- —------- 364 Management and Budget, Office of, Director (James T. McIntyre, Jr.) For functions of the Office in general, see Management and Budget, Office of Budget 1981 preparation --- —------ 225, 226, 569, 608 Education Department establishment, transfer functions -------------- 819 Federal civilian and military pay rates recommendations --- —---------- 468 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24, 63, 103, 268, 374, 422, 423, 492, 563, 607, 774, 825, 892, 966 News conferences (Checklist) --- —- 25, 64 Radiation Policy Council, activities appraisal ---------------------- 363 Trade policy functions --- —------ 6-8, 11 Management Improvement Awards, Presidential -------------------- 18, 19 A-39 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Manatos, Michael --- —-------------- 218 Manley, Joan D --- —--------------- 272 Manufacturers, National Association of- 292 Marane, A. Russell --- —--------- 752, 775 March of Dimes --- —-------------- 645 Marcos, Ferdinand E --- —----------- 720 Mareschalchi, Antonello --- —-------- 682n. Mariana Islands, Northern.. --- —. 317, 365 Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws, Northern --- —---------- 343, 930 Marine Corps, United States ---. 350, 780n. Marine Corps Memorial Commission, United States --- —--------------- 483 Maritime Consultative Organization Convention, Intergovernmental --- —- 945 Maritime Day, National --- —--------- 469 Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, International Convention on --- —---- 946 Mark, Herman F --- —-------------- 82n. Marmor, Theodore --- —------------- 264 Marshall, Ray. See Labor, Secretary of Marshall Islands, Northern --- —------ 466 Martens, Patricia --- —-------------- 19 Marthinsen, Charles E --- —------- 718, 720 Martin, Arthur E --- —-------------- 19 Martin, Edwin W., Jr --- —-------- 759, 841 Martin, John S., Jr --- —---------- 523, 564 Martin, Louis E --- —--------------- 908 Martinez, Elena -------------------- 814 Marty, Martin --- —----------------- 264 Martz, Clyde 0 --- —------------ 718, 775 Maryland Administration anti-inflation briefing for black ministers (Digest) --- —- 825 Democratic Party primary --- —----- 934 Metrorail system --- —------------ 14, 18 U.S. marshal --- —---------------- 269 Mason, Christopher T --- —---------- 926 Mass transit District of Columbia metro system — 13, 17 Handicapped persons programs --- —- 810 Mention ------------------------ 555 National system improvement Energy security trust fund allocations -------- 14, 227, 251, 470, 585 Federal assistance increase_ --- 215, 909 Philadelphia, Pa., system, Federal grants for --- —----------------- 726 Massachusetts, Democratic Party primary ------------------------ 399, 428 Massachusetts Institute of Technology — 664 Matheson, Gov. Scott --- —----------- 422 Mathias, Sen. Charles McC., Jr --- —-- 15 Matsui, Repr. Robert T --- —--------- 962 Matsunaga, Sen. Spark M.. --- —- 318, 962 Matthews, Martha A --- —----------- 926 Mauksch, Ingeborg G --- —---------- 822 Mauritius, U.S. Ambassador__ --- — 364, 375 Mayaguez, SS, incident --- —--------- 744 Mayo, Sgt. Joel C --- —--------- 780n., 864 Mayors, United States Conference on_ — 212 Mazewski, Aloysius --- —------------- 822 Mbogua, John P --- —--------------- 355 McBride, Gerald_ --- —------------- 521 McCarthy, Eugene J --- —----- 732, 738 McClelland, Col. Lester C --- —------- 654 McClure, Sen. James A --- —--------- 318 McConnell, Barnett W --- —--------- 19 McCormack, John --- —------------- 501 McCullough, Veronica J --- —----- 928 McDade, Clinton L --- —------------ 926 McDonald, Alonzo L., Jr. Meetings with the President (Digest)- 268, 292,374, 423, 492, 607, 824 Multilateral trade negotiations role — 6 McFadden, Frank H., Jr --- —-------- 926 McGee, James H --- —------------- 509 McGee, Thomas --- —--------------- 292 McGiffert, David ---------------- 267 McGranahan, LeAnn J --- —------ 509 McGrath, C. Peter --- —------------- 323 McGuire, Alfred J --- —-- --- 260, 262 McHenry, Donald F --- —----- 224, 861, 966 McIntosh, Capt. Lynn D --- —---- 780n., 864 McIntyre, James T., Jr. See Management and Budget, Office of, Director McIntyre, Maureen --- —---------- 273 McKay, Repr. Gunn --- —------------ 422 McKelvey, Jean T --- —------------- 84 McKenna, Margaret --- —----------- 493 McKeown, Mary Margaret --- —----- 949 McKhann, Guy M --- —----------- 192 McKinley, Francis --- —------------- 849 McKinney, Robert H --- —----------- 912 McKinney, Repr. Stewart B --- —------ 31 McLernon, James --- —----------- 770, 771 McMillan, Capt. Charles T., II —_ 780n., 864 McMullen, William Patrick, Jr --- —--- 218 McNeil, Francis J --- —-------- 900, 932 McNichols, William H --- —---------- 808 McPhedran, Winifred --- —---------- 258 McPhetres, Agnes Manglona --- —----- 344 Meadows, Marion E --- —------------ 19 Meals on Wheels, 1981 budget allocations ------------ 536, 540 806, 835, 887 Meany, George --- —------- 56, 67, 103, 222 Meat industry --- —----------------- 10 Medal of Freedom, Presidential --- —--- 751 Medal of Science, National --- —------ 80 Mediation Board, Nationil.. --- —. 103, 667 Medic Alert Week, National --- —----- 514 Medical Center, National Naval --- —-- 104 Medical Science program, Japan-U.S. Cooperative -------------------- 493 Medicare ------------------ 535, 540, 555 Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in --- 896 Meed, Benjamin --- —--------------- 822 "Meet the Press" --- —-------------- 107 Meetings with foreign leaders Australia, Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser ------------------------ 259 Belgium, King Baudouin I and Queen Fabiola ----------------------- 757 A-40 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Meetings with foreign leaders-Continued Bermuda, Prime Minister John David Gibbons ---------------------- 932 Egypt, President Anwar al-Sadat --- 623 European Parliament, President Simone Veil --- —-------------- 238 Germany, Federal Republic of Bavarian Minister President Franz Josef Strauss --- —------------ 470 Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ------ 435, 438, 441 Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher ------------------- 189 Honduras, President Policarpo Paz Garcia ----------------------- 426 Israel, Prime Minister Menahem Begin ----------------- 686, 694, 700 Italy, Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga -------------------------- 210 Kenya, President Daniel T. arap MoiL 352, 354, 357 Senegal, President Leopold Sedar Senghor ---------------------- 653 Spain King Juan Carlos I --- —-------- 334 Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez --- — 82 Memorandums to Federal Agencies Iran, diplomatic relations with --- —- 612 Leather wearing apparel industry. ---. 531 National Volunteer Week --- —----- 695 Olympics, 1980 Summer --- —------ 559 Porcelain-on-steel cookware industry — 3 Presidential Management Improvement Awards --- —-------------- 18 Procurement policy --- —----------- 72 Red Cross Month --- —------------ 193 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Agricultural commodities shipment termination ----------------- 32 Technology and other strategic items exports --------------------- 43 Youth summer employment program- 815 Memorial Day --- —----------------- 813 Mental Health, President's Commission on -------------------------- 784,811 Mental Health Association, National --- 785 Mental Health Month --- —---------- 784 Mental health systems act, proposed- 118, 811 Mental Retardation, President's Committee on --- —---------------- 192,217 Merchant Marine, United States --- —-- 469 Merit Systems Protection Board --- —-- 62, 374, 567, 617 Metal industry representatives, meeting with the President (Digest) --------- 775 Methodist Conference, United --- —--- 774 Methodist Episcopal Church, Christian- 775 Metric Board, United States --- —- 940, 967 Metrinko, Mr. and Mrs. Harry --- —-- 606 Metrinko, Michael J --- —--------- 606 Metzenbaum, Sen. Howard M --- —--- 303 Mexico Armed Forces physical fitness requirements ------------------------ 262 President Jose Lopez Portillo --- —--- 407 Science and technology cooperation with U.S --- —----------------- 407 U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 434, 452, 755 U.S. grain sales --- —-------------- 392 Mexico-United States Interparliamentary Conference --- —-------------- 892 Meyer, Jennifer L ----------------- 927 Miami, Fla --- —-------- 850, 913, 915, 916 Michael, James Harry, Jr --- —------- 654 Michelson, Gertrude G --- —-------- 305 Michigan Army missile plant legislation. ---. 769, 776 Disaster declaration --- —---------- 932 State Senate leader, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —--------- 775 U.S. district judge --- —----------- 968 Micronesia, Federated States of —.. 373, 467 Middle East Comprehensive peace negotiations --- 338, 345, 878 Egyptian-Israeli peace negotiations Administration advisers, meeting with the President (Digest) ---- 930 International support --- —------- 440 Jerusalem, status of --- —--------- 487 Mentions -------------------— _ 91, 579, 622, 623, 648, 659, 702, 807, 896 Personal Representative of the President (Sol M. Linowitz) Meetings with the President (Digest) ------------------ 293, 930 West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements, autonomy negotiations- 378, 459,527,861,870,906 U.S. role --- —----------- 673, 869, 870 West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements autonomy Camp David accords goals --- —- 197, 378,427, 618, 679, 680, 714 Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin, discussions with the President --- 511, 521, 527, 679, 908 Mentions --------------- 797, 861 Middle East security, crucial to- 486, 511, 876 Self-governing transition period proposal --------------- 460, 526 Senior Adviser to the U.S. Representative ---------------- 720 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty Camp David accords implementation ------------------------ 211, 337, 541, 618, 632, 687, 700, 879 First anniversary, White House reception --------------------- 525 Mentions ---------- 89, 109, 116, 459 A-41 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Middle East-Continued Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty-Continued U.S. economic assistance for implementation ------------------ 943 U.S. monitoring responsibilities. --- 697 Persian Gulf area. See Persian Gulf area U.S. military presence --- —-------- 241 U.S. relations --- —----------- 170, 171 Mikva, Abner, J --- —--------------- 45 Military, U.S. See Armed Forces, U.S. Military Appeals, United States Court of ----------------------------- 317 Military Selective Service Act of 1967 amendments ------------------— __ 339 Miller, Col. F. Donald --- —---------- 104 Miller, G. William. See Treasury, Secretary of the Miller, Paul G --- —----------------- 305 Miller, William --- —--------------- 264 Mills, James R --- —---------------- 296 Mindlin, Raymond D --- —----------- 82n. Mines and mining, Federal health and safety activities report --- —-------- 564 Mineta, Repr. Norman Y --- —-------- 962 Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, Surface --- —--------------- 416 Minnesota, U.S. attorney --- —-------- 25 Minorities See also specific group Affirmative action programs --- —--- 115 Economic recession, impact on --- —- 798 Employment ------------------ 805, 878 Federal programs --- —--------- 489, 886 Procurement policy --- —----------- 72 Small business enterprises-. --- 70, 76, 127 Minority business development agency, proposed ------------------------ 77 Minority Business Enterprise, Interagency Council for --- —----------- 76 Minority Business Ownership, Advisory Commitee on Small and --- —---- 262, 305 Mint, Bureau of the --- —------------ 483 Minter, Steven Alan --- —--------- 426, 522 Minter, Thomas Kendall.. ---- 426, 608, 841 Mississippi, disaster declaration --- —--- 774 Missouri Disaster declaration --- —-------— _ 931 U.S. district judge --- —----------- 608 White House briefing for community and civic leaders (Digest) --- —--- 719 Mitchell, Clarence M., Jr --- —----- 222, 752 Mitchell, Sen. George --- —---------- 966 Mize, Dwight W --- —--------------- 272 Mobil Oil Corp --- —----- 552, 581, 707, 776 Moi, Daniel T. arap-_ 334, 335, 352, 354, 357 Momjian, Set --- —----------------- 822 Mondale, Joan --- —------------- 397,754 Mondale, Walter F. See Vice President Monetary Fund, International_ ---- 175, 942 Monroe, Bill ---- -------------- 107 Montana, Mount St. Helens eruptions, areas damaged by --- —------------ 957 Moore, Frank B., meetings with the President (Digest) -------------------- 24, 25, 63, 64, 103, 217, 267, 268, 291 -293, 333, 334, 374, 422, 423, 451, 452, 492, 493, 521, 563, 607, 719, 720, 774, 775, 824, 825, 892, 893, 931, 932, 966, 967 Moore, Kathleen A --- —------------ 926 Moorhead, Repr. William S --- —- 24, 27, 29 Moose, Richard --- —--------------- 719 Morales, Jimmy L --- —-------------- 926 Morales, Lupe --- —------------- 534, 537 Moran, David A --- —--------------- 928 More, Sir Thomas --- —-------------- 207 Morial, Ernest --- —------ ------- 303 Moro, Aldo --- —----------------- 208 Morocco, U.S. relations --- —--------- 173 Morrison, Alan --- —---------------- 264 Morse, Phoebe Diane --- —----------- 949 Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan ------------------------- 138 Mortgage Association, Federal National- 911 Mortgage Association, Government National -------------------------- 138 Mortola, Edward J --- —---------- 845 Moses, Alfred H --- —--------------- 651 Moslem nations. See Islamic nations Moss, Ambler H., Jr --- —------------ 34 Moss, Eunice Lockhart --- —---------- 509 Mother's Day (Proc. 4743) ----------- 583 Motley, Archibald, Jr --- —----------- 602 Mott, Lucretia --- —---------------- 412 Mount St. Helens, Wash., eruption Disaster declaration (Digest) --- —-- 967 President's inspection tour Portland, Oreg --- —------------ 950 Spokane, Wash --- —------------ 956 Vancouver, Wash --- —---------- 967 Mubarak, Muhammad Husni-__ 99, 905, 967 Mueller, Leah Poulos --- —----------- 380 Mugabe, Michael_ --- —------------ 807 Multilateral development banks --- —-- 942 Multilateral trade agreements Customs Valuation Agreement amendment ------------------------ 95 Mention ------------------------ 322 Purposes of agreements --- 126, 175, 254 Steel imports antidumping claims ---. 902 Multilateral trade negotiations (MTN) Progress during administration --- —- 126, 254, 400 Strauss, Robert, role in completion of Tokyo Round --- —------------- 6, 175 Multiple Sclerosis Society --- —------- 893 Mufioz Marin, Gov. Luis --- —-------- 808 Murdoch, Rupert --- —-------------- 731 Murelaga, Diana S --- —------------- 927 Murphy, Repr. Austin J --- —--------- 369 Murphy, Repr. John M --- —--------- 318 Murphy, Thomas A --- —------------ 902 Murphy, Thomas F --- —------------ 95 Murphy Oil Co --- —---------------- 581 A-42 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Murray, Robert J --- —------------ 98 Muscular Dystrophy Association --- —- 492 Muskie, Edmund S. See State, Secretary of Mutual and balanced force reductions — 440 MX missile --- —---------------- 348, 901 Nakayama, Tosiwo --- —---------- 373 Nam, Byung H --- —---------------- 774 Naples, Samuel F --- —----------- 423, 424 National Academy of Sciences --- —--- 473 National Advisory Council on Adult Education ---------------------- 267, 844 National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity --------------------- 274 National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children --- —- 257 National Advisory Council on Indian Education -----------------------— 849 National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs --- —--------- 508 National Aeronautics and Space Administration ------------------------- 563 National Afro-American (Black) History Month --- —----------------- 84 National Agenda for the Eighties, President's Commission for a ---__ —_ ---- 263 National Alcohol Fuels Commission_ 235, 899 National Alliance of Business --- —----- 422 National Alliance for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Maltreatment ----------------------- 267 National Association of Manufacturers_- 292 National Association of State Departments of Agriculture --- —--------- 492 National Audubon Society --- —------- 415 National Basketball Association --- —--- 268 National Bicycling Day (Proc. 4741) —_ 562 National Black Caucus of State Legislators ---------------------------- 333 National Broadcasting Company ---- 34, 561 National Brotherhood Week --- —------ 343 National Bureau of Standards --- —---- 483 National Business League --- —-------- 63 National Cancer Advisory Board --- —- 911 National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979 --- —-------------- 13, 17 National Captioning Institute --- —---- 811 National Cattlemen's Association --- —-- 521 National Citizens' Coalition for Windfall Profits Tax --- —--------------- 586 National Commission on Air Quality --- 508 National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979 --- —----- 752 National Conference of Artists --- —---- 600 National Conference of Black Mayors — 720 National Conference of Christians and Jews --------------------------- 343 National Conference on Physical Fitness and Sports for All --- —------------ 259 National Conference of State Legislatures --------------------------- 552 National Consumer Cooperative Bank Board of Directors, members --- —--- 605, 608, 844, 893 Budget allocations --- —----------- 146 National Consumer Education Week (Proc. 4746) --- —---------------- 621 National Council on the Arts_ — 237, 268, 452 National Council on Educational Research ---------------- 96, 218, 508, 522 National Council on the Handicapped_ 810, 812, 826 National Council on the Humanities- 264, 269 National Cystic Fibrosis Poster Child-_ 720 National Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week (Proc. 4737) --- —--------- 506, 783, 930 National Endowment for the Arts — 452, 601 National Endowment for the Humanities- 521, 774 National Energy Conservation Days (Proc. 4753) --- —---------------- 783 National Energy Education Day (Proc. 4738) ----------------------- 509,510 National Environmental Policy Act of 1970 ------------------------ 351,415 National Farm Safety Week (Proc. 4749) ---- ----------------- 683 National Forest System --- —---------- 159 National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities --------------------- 754 National 4-H Club ----------------- 701 National Gallery of Art --- —--------- 340 National Goodwill Graduate of 1980_ — 893 National Governors' Association --- —-- 397 National Gypsum Co --- —------------ 581 National Health Service Corp --------- 909 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute --------------------------- 190 National heritage policy act, proposed — 418 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ------------------------ 281 National Institute of Building Sciences- 422, 533, 564 National Institute of Education_ 651, 825, 949 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health --- —----------- 395 National Institutes of Health --- —-- 955, 956 National Inventors' Day (Proc. 4721) — 273 National Labor Relations Board ---- 217, 218 National League of Cities --- —- 103, 495, 523 National Main Street Center --- —---- 932 National Maritime Day (Proc. 4736) —_ 469 National Medal of Science --- —------- 80 National Mediation Board --- —---- 103, 667 National Medic Alert Week (Proc. 4739) -------------------------- 514 National Mental Health Association ---- 785 National Mortgage Association, Federal- 911 National Mortgage Association, Government --------------------------- 138 National Naval Medical Center --- —--- 10.4 National Nursing Home Week --- —---- 604 A-43 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration --------------- 352, 415 National Park Service --- —--- 951,953, 958 National Park System --- —----------- 433 National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978 --------------------------- 416 National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978 amendments --- —------------ 432 National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska ---- 63 National Poison Prevention Week (Proc. 4719) -------------------------- 238 National prayer breakfast --- —-------- 275 National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) -------------------- 296 National Recreation and Parks Week (Proc. 4760) --- —---------------- 936 National Religious Broadcasters --- —- 180 National Science Foundation --- —--- 77, 363 National Security Council Iran, American hostages in, consultations with the President --- —----- 577 Meeting with the President (Digest)- 607 State Department, relationship with — 797, 877, 881 National Space Club --- —---------- 563 National Transportation Safety Board- 493 National Transportation Week (Proc. 4753) ----------------------- 783,930 National Urban Coalition --- —------- 563 National Volunteer Week --- —------ 695 National Wild and Scenic Rivers System- 323, 433 National Women's History Week --- —- 412 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization Natural gas Commercial exploration in Alaska_ 233, 234 Drilling equipment export suspension to Soviet Union --- —---------- 41 Increased domestic production —_ 480, 889 Price decontrol --- —------ 92, 250, 762 Utility companies use reduction__ 448, 472 Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968- 291 Natural Gas Transportation System, Alaska -------------------------- 617 Natural resources, administration's goals and accomplishments --- —--------- 157 Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979, International ------------------------ 591 Nava, Julian --- —----------- 434, 452, 755 Naval Academy, United States_ ---- 769, 875 Naval Medical Center, National --- —- 104 Navy, Department of the, Under Secretary -------------------------- 98,218 Navy, United States. See United States Navy NBC. See National Broadcasting Company Ndegwa, Philip --- —---------------- 355 Nebraska Democratic Party primary --- —----- 934 U.S. marshal --- —---------------- 775 Nederlander, Robert E --- —------ 508, 522 Nedzi, Repr. Lucien N --- —------- 769, 771 Neel, Frank H_ --- —---------------- 296 Negro College Fund, United --- —----- 53 Neighborhoods, Federal assistance efforts --------------------------- 650 Nelson, Sen. Gaylord --- —------ 68, 74, 917 Nepal U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 843,893 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 172 Neugarten, Bernice L --- —------- 534, 537 Nevada, MX missile site --- —-------- 901 New Community Development Corporation ------------------------- 752, 775 New England Fuel Institute --- —------ 292 New Hampshire Democratic Party primary --- —----- 399 White House briefing for civic and community leaders --- —--------- 334 New York Democratic Party primary_ — 534, 538, 564 Disaster declaration --- —---------- 967 Labor leaders, meeting with the President (Digest) ----------------- 451 U.S. attorney --- —------------ 523,564 White House briefing for civic and community leaders --- —--------- 458 New York, Public Employees Federation of ----------------------------- 374 New Zealand Deputy Prime Minister --- —------- 422 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169 Newport News, Va --- —------------- 500 News Conferences February 13 (No. 54) --- —-------- 307 March 14 (No. 55) --- —---------- 484 April 17 (No. 56) ----------------- 704 April 29 (No. 57) --- —----------- 792 News media Influence on American society --- —-- 896 Interviews with the President. See Interviews with the news media under Addresses and Remarks Newsom, David D --- —------------- 891 Newspaper Editors, American Society of ------------------------------ 631 Newspaper Publishers Association, American --------------------------- 720 Niceville, Fla --- —------------- 780n. Niederlehner, Leonard --- —---------- 87 Nies, Helen Wilson --- —---------- 866, 894 Nigeria Soviet relations --- —-------------- 807 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 891 Nimetz, Matthew_ --- —------------- 219 Nimitz, U.S.S --- —----------------- 882 1936 Summer Olympics --- —---- 518, 635 1959 Geneva Radio Regulations --- —-- 225 1980 Presidential campaign. See Elections, 1980 1980 Savings Bond Campaign --- —--- 653 1980 Summer Olympics. See Olympics, 1980 Summer A-44 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 1980 Winter Olympics. See Olympics, 1980 Winter Nissan Motor Co --- —--------------- 706 Nixon, John T --- —------------ 423, 424 Nixon, Richard M --- —-------------- 738 Njonjo, Charles --- —--------------- 355 Noble, Carol --- —------------------ 703n. Noll, Roger --- —------------------- 264 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference --------------------------- 930 Nonrubber footwear industry --- —----- 420 Norris, John M --- —---------------- 928 Norris, William Albert --- —---------- 423 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, Alternate U.S. Representative --------------------— 493 Coordinating Committee (COCOM) - 43 Creation, purposes of --- —--------- 195 Defense spending --- —------------- 168, 348, 673, 712 Greek Armed Forces reintegration_ — 169, 383 Italian support --- —-------------- 210 Long-Term Defense Program --- — 168, 439 Mentions ---------- 338, 642, 758 Military capabilities improvement. — 806, 807, 869 Nuclear weapons deployment modernization ----------------------- 109, 168, 197, 211, 348, 440, 442, 673 Secretary-General ---------------- 892 Troop strength --- —---------— _- 660 Turkish economic strengthening actions -------------------- 169 United States Military assistance --- —--------- 91, 109, 116, 166, 248, 345, 477, 672 Role of --- —------------------- 712 West German support --- —--------- 437 North Carolina, U.S. district judges- 654, 720 North Country National Scenic Trail_- 432 Northern Mariana Islands U.S. laws application --- —-------- 365 U.S. policy --- —----------------- - 317 Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws --- —---------- 343, 930 Northern Marshall Islands, health care and environmental benefits monitoring --- —------------------------ 466 Northern Tier Pipeline Co --- —------- 99 Northwest Energy Co --- —----------- 100 Norton, Eleanor Holmes --- —-------- 223 Norway, U.S. Ambassador --- —------- 333 Noyce, Robert N --- —-------------- 82n. Nuclear energy Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 131 Canada, agreement with U.S --- —--- 782 European Atomic Energy CommunityU.S. cooperation (EO 12193) --- 304 Exports ---------------------- 286, 403 Fusion research --- —-------------- 664 Nuclear energy-Continued Industry shutdown, possibility of --- — 582 Legislation --- —----------------- 418 Nonproliferation activities, Federal- 403 Physical protection in international transport --------------------— 867 Powerplants -------------- 118, 544, 744 Production --- —----------------- 440 Radiation protection program --- —-- 364 Waste disposal. See Nuclear waste disposal Weapons. See Nuclear weapons Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, International ------------------- 286, 403 Nuclear Material, Convention on the Physical Protection of --- —------ 434, 867 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978_- 403 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chairman ------------------- 301, 504 Export licensing --- —------------ 403 International agreement recommendation ------------------------ 782 International Atomic Energy AgencyU.S. agreement --- —------------ 266 Radiation Policy Council membership- 363 Reorganization Amendment to Plan No. 1 --- —--- 836 Congressional consideration --- 617, 744 Plan No. 1 of 1980 --- —------ 543, 564 President's commitment to submit plan ---------- 116, 118, 131,149 Safety responsibilities --- —-------- 504 Waste disposal sites approval. ---- 240, 300 Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee (EO 12202) --- —------------ 504, 849 Nuclear waste disposal Federal management program_ — 296, 335 International safety efforts --- —----- 404 Legislation --- —------ 116, 119, 158, 240 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management, establishment- 301 Nuclear weapons See also Strategic arms limitation Control and disarmament —_ 178, 442, 451 U.S. exports --- —--------------- 401 Nuclear Weapons, Treaty on the NonProliferation of --- —----------- 403, 433 Nunn, Sen. Sam --- —--------------- 893 Nursing Home Week, National --- —--- 604 Nyachae, Simon --- —--------------- 355 Obey, Repr. David R --- —----------- 857 Occupational Safety and Health, Federal Advisory Council on --- —------- 395, 396 Occupational Safety and Health, National Institute for --- —---------- 395 Occupational Safety and Health Administration ------------------- 59, 70, 281 Ocean margin drilling program --- —--- 269 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National --- —----------- 352, 415 Ochoa, Severo --- —----------------- 82n. O'Connor, Edwin --- —---------- 502 O'Connor, Flannery --- —------------ 502 A-45 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Office. See other part of title O'Grady, Col. Lawrence R --- —------ 374 O'Hara, Clifford B --- —------------- 33 Ohio Farm bureau presidents, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —------ 493 U.S. district judges --- —---- 564, 654, 720 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission --------------------- 654 Ohira, Masayoshi. See Japan, Prime Minister Oil See also Fuel companies; OPEC Imports. See Oil imports Marginal wells decontrol --- —------ 696 Prices. See Oil prices Production ------------ 50, 233, 368, 480 Research and development --- —----- 233 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, threat to Middle East supplies --- —----- 26, 35, 108, 111, 183, 197 U.S. drilling equipment exports suspension to Soviet Union --- —----- 41 Utility companies use reduction --- — 116, 117, 129,448,472 Waste disposal --- —----------- 119, 158 West-to-east crude oil transportation system ---------------------- 99, 104 Oil companies. See Fuel companies Oil imports See also OPEC Adjustment program --- —--------- 592, 657, 760 Federal control, possibility of --- —-- 889 Gasoline conservation fee. See under Gasoline Reduction International Energy Agency's support ------------------------ 251 Mention ---------------------- 626 National quotas --- —----------- 199, 251, 369, 480, 512, 540, 846 Relationship with: Gasoline conservation fee --- —-- 943 National energy policy --- —---- 70, 75, 121, 128, 242, 251, 279, 314, 367, 461, 480, 499, 509, 512, 829, 846, 875 Statistics for 1979 and 1980 --- —- 71, 92, 829, 875,918 U.S. efforts for international cooperation ----------------------- 640 Relationship with: Employment ------------------ 71, 580, 787, 830, 846, 860 Inflation ---------------------- 58, 71, 75, 89, 110, 199, 245, 246, 280, 338, 399, 461,472, 476, 480, 487, 496, 553,580, 665, 685, 735, 787, 801, 829, 846, 859, 919 Trade balance --- —------------- 126 Oil Pipeline Corporation, Trans Mountain ---------------------------- 99 Oil Policy Committee --- —----------- 10 Oil prices See also OPEC Decontrol Crude --------- 128, 233, 250, 470, 762 Heavy crude --- —------------ 96, 233 Federal controls, President's opposition to -------------------- 314, 417, 583 Future prices, President's assessment- 314, 369 Past increases percentage --- —------ 553, 639, 846 Wage and price spiral acceleration, relationship with --- —---- 120, 245, 280 West German Chancellor Schmidt, review of increases with the President ------------------------- 440 Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act, Crude. See Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act Okawara, Yoshio ------------------ 775 Okita, Saburo --- —----------------- 522 Oklahoma, Democratic Party caucuses — 461 Okun, Arthur --- —----------------- 533 Older Americans Act --- —----------- 620 Older Americans Month (Proc. 4745) -_ 620 Older persons Administration's goals. and accomplishments --------------------- 141, 620 Federal budget allocations --- —----- 767 White House Conference on Aging, reception remarks --- —---------- 534 Olivarez, Graciela --- —------------- 281 Olson, William C --- —------------- 928 Olympic Committee, International. See International Olympic Committee Olympic Committee, United States. See United States Olympic Committee Olympic Organizing Committee, Lake Placid -------------------------- 268 Olympics, 1936 Summer --- —----- 518, 635 Olympics, 1980 Summer International boycott African leaders, consultations with Muhammad Ali --- —--------- 333 France ----------------------- 676 Germany, Federal Republic of --- — 439, 470, 712, 920 Kenya --------------------- 353, 358 Soviet people, impact on --- —---- 747 United Kingdom --- —------ 676, 677 U.S. efforts to secure --- —----- 704, 796 International Olympic Committee Decision to keep games in Moscow- 305 President Killanin, meeting with the President ------------------- 929 Permanent site in Greece, possibility of -------------------- 107, 108, 383 U.S. boycott Administration officials, meeting with U.S. Olympic Committee executives (Digest) ----------- 104 Alternative games, possibility of --- 108, 260, 380, 388 Mention ---------------------- 889 A-46 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Olympics, 1980 Summer-Continued U.S. boycott-Continued News conference (Checklist) ------ 219 Olympic athletes' support --- —--- 388 President's comments --- —----— __ 23, 107, 196, 259, 311, 312, 346, 635, 663, 675, 747 Prohibition on Olympic-related exports to Soviet Union_ — 559, 560, 565 U.S. Olympic Committee Communications to President Kane ----------------- 106,616 House of Delegates vote of support --------------------- 668 Vice President's address to U.S. Olympic Committee House of Delegates, announcement (Digest) ----------------------- 653 White House briefing for U.S. team representatives --------------- 517 White House statement officially announcing withdrawal --- —----- 356 Olympics, 1980 Winter Lake Placid Olympic Organizing Committee, chairman --- —------- 268 Mentions --- —--------------- 260, 377 Olympic torch ceremony in Athens, Greece, U.S. representatives announcement ------------------- 217 U.S. team, White House reception_ — 379 Olyphant, Pa --- —------------------ 606 Oman Foreign Affairs Minister --- —------ 452 U.S. military bases --- —---------- 35, 391 O'Neill, Eugene --- —---------------- 502 O'Neill, Mildred --- —--------------- 500 O'Neill, Repr. Thomas P., Jr. See Speaker of the House of Representatives Onek, Joseph --- —-------------- 104, 518 Onyonka, Zacharia T --- —----------- 355 OPEC December, 1979, discussions in Caracas, Venezuela --- —----------- 570 Developing countries, energy production assistance --- —------------- 441 Mention ------------------------ 499 1973 embargo --- —-------------— __ 875 Price increases Effect on: Disadvantaged persons --- —---- 587 U.S. inflation rates --- —------- 58, 71, 75, 199, 250, 388, 713, 735, 743, 801 1979 increases --- —------------- 110, 120, 735, 801, 881,938 Relationship with: U.S. wage and price structure_ — 280 Windfall profits tax --- —------- 128 Production increases to maintain stable prices ------------------------ 943 World supplies percentage --- —----- 368, 461, 514, 847, 963 Operation of the Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965 --- —----------- 653 Operation PUSH --- —-------------- 932 Opheim, Edwin 0 --- —----------- 813, 826 Oppedahl, David B --- —------------ 928 Order of the American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association --- —-- 381 Oregon John Day River --- —------------- 323 Mount St. Helens eruption, areas damaged by --- —----------- 950, 958 President's visit --- —-------------- 950 Yaguina Head Outstanding Natural Area ------------------------- 433 Organization. See other part of title Ortiz, Alba A --- —----------------- 192 Ouko, Robert J --- —-------------- 355 Outer continental shelf --- —--------- 233 Overseas Private Investment Corporation -------------------- 521, 605, 608 Owen, Henry D --- —------------ 219, 891 Owens, Jesse --- —--------------- 380, 574 Pacific American Heritage Week, Asian/ (Proc. 4727) --- —---------------- 405 Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the-_ 301, 319, 466 Packwood, Sen. Robert. --- —- 461, 584, 694 Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza Medical treatment in U.S --- —----- 112 Overthrow as Iranian leader --- —--- 741 U.S. support of regime --- —- 307, 341, 742 Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act ---------------------------- 604 Pakistan Afghan refugees migration_ — 256, 663, 964 Foreign affairs adviser Agha Shahi_ — 67 Foreign relations India ------------------------- 330 United States --- —------------- 390 President Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq —_ 34, 40 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, effect on ----------------------- 22, 184 U.S. military assistance --- —------ 24, 34, 91, 109, 119, 172, 198, 439 West German assistance --- —------- 439 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Arab countries endorsement --- —---- 879 European recognition --- —--------- 682 U.S. refusal to recognize --- —------ 379, 460, 527, 682, 688, 879 Palestinians Camp David accords commitment to self-determination -------------- 338, 526, 618, 682, 870,879 President's opposition to separate state ------------------- 378, 390, 527 Soviet tanks delivery to terrorists ---. 390 West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements, autonomy negotiations. See under Middle East, Egyptian-Israeli peace negotiations Palmer, John L --- —--------------- 316 A-47 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Palmieri, Victor H. See State, Department of, Coordinator for Refugee Affairs Pan American Day and Pan American Week (Proc. 4732) ----------- - 455 Panama Canal, functions delegation_ — 537 Panama Canal Commission --- —------ 32 Panama Canal Consultative Committee- 33 Panama Canal Joint Commission on the Environment -------------------- 34 Panama Canal treaties Administration's accomplishment- 579, 870 Foreign relations with Latin America, effect on --- —----------------- 870 Purposes ------------------------ 345 Pangelinan, Edward --- —------------ 344 Paperwork reduction Employee Retirement Income Security Act forms --- —----------------- 295 Federal GovernmentL --- —-- 75, 153, 215 Legislation -------------------- 78, 153 Park Service, National --- —--- 951, 953, 958 Park System, National --- —---------- 433 Parker, Dave --- — ------------- 291 Parker, Earl R ---- ------------ 82n. Parker, Edna Gaynell --- —-------- 757, 775 Parks and Recreation Act of 1978, National --- —---------------------- 416 Parks and Recreation Act of 1978 amendments, National --- —-------------- 432 Parks Week, National Recreation and-_ 936 Partners of the Americas --- —-------- 628 Patel, Marilyn Hall --- —------------ 894 Patent Appeals, United States Court of Customs and --- —------------- 866, 870 Patent system American technology advancement, role in --- —------------------- 273 Counsels for small and minority business -------------------------- 78 Law reform --- —----------------- 154 Patent and Trademark Office --- —---- 237 Paul, Alice --- —-------------------- 412 Paulucci, Jeno --- —----------------- 208 Pawlikowski, John T --- —----------- 822 Pay Advisory Committee --- —-------- 479 Paz Garcia, Policarpo --- —----------- 426 Peace, Food for --- —--------------- 257 Peace, President's commitment to --- —- 111, 195,344, 541,579, 632, 637,673,871, 941 Peace Corps Director --------------------- 291, 774 1980 budget allocations --- —------- 942 Shriver, Sargent, role in --- —---- 464 Voluntary service effectiveness --- —- 328 Volunteer Deborah Loff, meeting with the President (Digest) --- —------ 291 Volunteer Richard Starr, release by Colombian terrorists --- —-------- 306 Peacock, Andrew S --- —------------- 422 Peacock, William E --- —------------ 304 Pell, Sen. Claiborne --- —--- 37,38,823,848 Pellegrino, Edmund --- —----------- 264 Pennsylvania Democratic Party primary --- —-- 729, 739 News media, interviews with the President -------------------- 723,742 President's visit --- —--- 867,874, 893, 894 Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation ------------------------- 95 People's Republic of China. See China, People's Republic of Perales, Cesar A ---- ------------ 316 Pereira Lopez, Ernesto --- —---------- 945 Peres, Shimon --- —----------------- 774 Pericles -------------------------- 779 Perkins, Repr. Carl D-_ --- —--------- 847 Perkins, Frances --- —------------- 629 Persian Gulf area Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, effect on: Stability of region --- —------- 673, 685 U.S. military capabilities improvement _ 91, 171,241,289, 348, 391, 634 U.S. security interests- 183, 241, 511, 616 U.S. policy toward outside intervention --------------- 197,346, 579, 871 World oil supplies --- —- 108, 171, 728, 803 Personnel Management, Office of Director ---------------- 468, 815,898 Mention ------------------------ 617 Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees --- —- 394 Pertini, Alessandro. See Italy, President Pertschuk, Michael --- —------------ 281 Peru Cuban refugees in Havana Embassy, asylum for --- —- 626, 642, 682, 913, 915 Science and technology cooperation with U.S --- —----------------- 407 Peterson, Esther --- —-------- 281,453 Peterson, Roger Tory --- —----------- 752 Petrilli, Lisa A --- —---------------- 927 Petroleum. See Oil Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organization of. See OPEC Petroleum Reserve, Strategic --- —---- 251 Petroleum Reserve of Alaska, National- 63 Petty, Maj. Leslie --- —-------------- 786 Philadelphia, Pa. Economic Development Administration grants --- —------------ 726, 736 Government employment --- —------ 877 President's visit --- 867, 874, 893, 894, 933 Philippines President Ferdinand E. Marcos --- —- 720 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169 Phillips Petroleum Co --- —---------- 721 Physical Fitness and Sports, President's Council on --- —----------------- 261 Physical Fitness and Sports for All, National Conference on --- —---------- 259 Picott, J. Rupert --- —--------------- 84 Pillard, Charles H --- —-------------- 653 Pinder, Frank E --- —--------------- 509 A-48 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Pipeline Safety Act of 1969, Natural Gas ---------------------------- 291 Pittsburgh, Pa --- —------------- 726, 734 Pittsburgh Pirates and Steelers --- —--- 369 PLO. See Palestine Liberation Organization Poison Prevention Week, National --- — 238 Poland, airplane crash near Warsaw ---- 482, 517, 564 Polio vaccine, Salk --- —-------- 645, 811 Polls. See Public opinion polls Pollution See also Environment Energy production standards --- —--- 832 Industrial facility standards --- —---- 352 Polozola, Frank J --- —------------ 608 Pope John Paul II --- —------------- 181 Popper, David H --- —-------------- 34 Porcelain-on-steel cookware industry- 2, 3, 97 Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation --------------------- 667, 684, 930 Portland, Oreg --- —---------------- 950 Postal Service, United States_- 289, 484, 940 Posvar, Wesley Wentz --- —----------- 606 Potato growers in Maine, task force to consider Federal policies affecting —_- 608 Powell, Jody Announcements (Checklist)-_ 25, 608, 721 Democratic Party primary and caucus results, question-and-answer session (Checklist) ---------------- 494 News conferences (Checklist) --- —-- 219, 564, 775, 826, 894, 932 Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, resignation letter reading --- —--- 782n. White House statements reading --- — 11, 12, 28, 258,461,534, 584, 668, 760 Power, Joseph T --- —----------- 533, 564 Powers, William E --- —------------- 911 Prayer breakfast, national --- —------- 275 Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day (Proc. 4754) -------------------------- 813 Presidency, views on Crises management --- —---------- 888 Daily schedule --- —--------------- 766 Incumbency, advantages and disadvantages of --- —--------------- 938 Personal assessment --- —------- 742,906 Responsibilities of position. ---- 397, 710 Term of office, length of --- —------- 242 Presidential campaign, 1980. See Elections, 1980 Presidential Commission on World Hunger ------------------------ 777 Presidential Exchange Executives --- —- 422 Presidential Management Improvement Awards ----------------------— 18, 19 Presidential Medal of Freedom --- —--- 751 Presidential Scholars --- —----------- 925 Presidential Scholars, Commission on___ 606, 774 President's Advisory Committee for Women ----------------------- 63,814 President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service --- —----------- 86 President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island, final report recommendations Nuclear Regulatory Commission reorganization 1 ---- 118,544, 617,744 Nuclear safety improvement-_ 131, 364, 504 President's Commission on the Coal Industry -------------------------- 471 President's Commission on Executive Exchange --------------------- 272 President's Commission on the Holocaust --------------------------- 687 President's Commission on Mental Health --------------- 784, 811 President's Commission for a National Agenda for the Eighties --- —---- 263, 481 President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research ---- 896 President's Commission on United StatesLiberian Relations --- —---- 372,373,508 President's Commission on White House Fellowships --------------------- 949 President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped --- —------------ 808 President's Committee on Mental Retardation ------------------— 192, 217 President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports --- —------------------ 261 President's council on spinal cord injury, proposed ----------------------- 811 President's Export Council --- —------- 401 President's financial report --- —--- 719,968 President's travel International crises, effect on --- —--- 803 Oregon ---------------------- 950 Pennsylvania ---------------- 873, 880 Texas ------------------------- 786 Washington --------------------- 956 Press, Frank. See Science and Technology Policy, Office of, Director Preyer, Repr. Richardson --- —-------- 303 Price, Albert --- —------------------ 719 Price Advisory Committee --- — 121, 246, 249 Prices. See Wages and prices Princeton University --- —------------ 664 Prison Industries, Inc., Federal --- —--- 452 Privacy rights legislation --- —--------- 156 Private Sector Initiatives program --- — 124 Proclamations American Heart Month (Proc. 4716)_ Anhydrous ammonia industry (Proc. 4714) ---- --------- Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week (Proc. 4727) --- ------------ Cancer Control Month (Proc. 4731)Captive Nations Week (Proc. 476 1)_ Color television receiver subassemblies imports (Proc. 4759) --- ------ 190 101 405 450 940 920 A-49 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Proclamations-Continued Days of Remembrance of Victims of the Holocaust (Proc. 4747) --- —Disney, Walt, honoring the memory of (Proc. 4725) --- —-------------- Douglas, William O. (Proc. 4715) -- Earth Day (Proc. 4710) -------- Emergency building temperature restrictions continuation (Proc. 4750) - Father's Day (Proc. 4758) --- —-- Flag Day and National Flag Week (Proc. 4757) --- —-------------- Inter-American Development Bank Day (Proc. 4728) --- —--------- Iwo Jima Commemoration Day (Proc. 4724) --- —------------------- Jewish Heritage Week (Proc. 4752) — Law Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 4733) ----- Loyalty Day (Proc. 4734) --- —-- Meany, George (Proc. 4712) ------ Mother's Day (Proc. 4743) ----- National Bicycling Day (Proc. 4741)National Consumer Education Week (Proc. 4746) --- —--— _ --- — National Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week (Proc. 4737) --- —------------- National Energy Conservation Days, National Transportation Week (Proc. 4753) ----__ ------- National Energy Education Day (Proc. 4738) --- —---------- National Farm Safety Week (Proc. 4749) --- —------------------- National Inventors' Day (Proc. 4721)_ National Maritime Day (Proc. 4736)National Medic Alert Week (Proc. 4739) --- —------------------- National Poison Prevention Week (Proc. 4719) --- —--------- National Recreation and Parks Week (Proc. 4760) --- —-------- Northern Mariana Islands (Proc. 4726) ------ ------- Older Americans Month and Senior Citizens Day (Proc. 4745) --- —-- Organization for Rehabilitation through Training Centennial Day (Proc. 4740) --- —------------ Pan American Day and Pan American Week (Proc. 4732) --- —----- Petroleum import adjustment program (Proc. 4744) ---- ----------- (Proc. 4748) --- —----------- (Proc. 4751) --- —------------- Porcelain-on-steel cookware industry (Proc. 4713) --- ------------ Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day (Proc. 4754) ------------------------ Red Cross Month (Proc. 4717) --- —Salute to Learning Day (Proc. 4755)Save Your Vision Week (Proc. 4718) Proclamations-Continued Servicemen, tribute to eight Ameri644 can (Proc. 4756) --- —---------- 847 Small Business Week (Proc. 4723) --- 349 350 Sugars, sirups, and molasses imports 105 (Proc. 4720) --- —-------------- 265 1 Teacher Day, USA (Proc. 4730) ---- 430 Trade with Indonesia, Trinidad, To685 bago, and countries forming Carte899 gena Agreement (Proc. 4711) --- — 20 Upland cotton import quotas (Proc. 895 4742) ------------------------ 575 Vinson, Carl (Proc. 4735) --- —--- 468 414 William O. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range (Proc. 4729) --- —-------- 419 350 World Trade Week (Proc. 4722) ---- 322 768 Procurement policy, Federal --- —----- 72 457 Producer Price Index 457 Annual increases --- —------------- 496 67 April statistics --- —-------- 869,875, 884 583 February statistics --- —--------- 453, 512 562 Product Safety Commission, Consumer- 281 Productivity Council --- —------------ 127 621 Project Head Start --- —---------- 462, 494 Propst, Robert B_ --- —------------ 64, 65 Proxmire, Sen. William --- —--------- 573 506 Public Broadcasting, Corporation for_ — 912 Public Employees Federation of New York ------------------------- 374 783 Public Health Service --- —------- 456, 908 Public opinion polls --- —---------- 89, 740 509 Pueblo, U.S.S., incident --- —--------- 744 Puerto Rico 683 Economic report --- —---------- 291, 293 273 Former Gov. Luiz Munoz Marin. --- 808 469 Gasoline production, import conservation fee waiver --- —----- 596, 598, 657 514 Submerged land jurisdiction --- —--- 466 U.S. attorney --- —---------------- 269 238 U.S. district judge --- —--------- 933, 934 U.S. policy --- —------------------ 319 936 Purcell, Edward Mills --- —---------- 82n. Purcival, Ralph --- —---------------- 930 365 PUSH, Operation --- —-------------- 932 620 Qatar, U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 718, 720 Quackenbush, James H --- —--------- 930 Quackenbush, Justin L --- —---------- 894 561 Queen, Thomas --- —--------------- 509 Queen. See specific forename 455 Racial Discrimination, Convention on — 119 Radiation Policy Council (EO 12194) — 362, 592 657 760 97 813 193 841 234 364 Radiation protection program --- —---- 364 Radiation Research Committee, Interagency ------------------------- 364 Radio Regulations, 1959 Geneva --- —- 225 Radioactive Waste Management, Interagency Review Group on --- —------ 297 Radioactive Waste Management, State Planning Council on --- —--- 297, 301, 303 Railroad Passenger Corporation, National --------------------------- 296 A-50 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Railroad Safety Act of 1970 --- —----- 292 Railroads Industry deregulation Congressional consideration ---- 252, 573 Legislative proposal commitment for 1980 --------------------- 118, 121 Mentions ------------------- 215, 918 Purposes ---------------------- 150 Senate approval --- —----------- 584 Japanese train system --- —--------- 664 Railsback, Repr. Thomas --- —-------- 303 Railway Association, United States ---- 392 Railway Carmen of the United States and Canada, Brotherhood of- 667, 684, 931 Railway labor disputes, Emergency Boards to investigate. See Emergency Boards to investigate railway labor disputes Ramirez, Blandina Cardenas --- —-- 605, 968 Ramo, Simon --- —----------------- 82n. Ramphal, Sir Shridath --- —---------- 334 Randolph, Sen. Jennings --- —-------- 808 RARE. See Roadless area review and evaluation lands Raskas, Bernard --- —--------------- 822 Rasmussen, Karen L --- —------------ 928 Ratley, Jessie --- —--------------- 103, 495 Ravenel, Charles D --- —------------- 25 Ray, Gov. Dixy Lee Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance actions- 950, 952, 953, 957, 959 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management, member --- — 303 Raynor, Shari K --- —--------------- 926 Reactor Safeguards, Advisory Committee on --------------- 504, 547, 549, 837-840 Read, Benjamin H --- —------------- 891 Reagan, Ronald Mentions ----------------- 738, 763, 939 Public poll rating in projected race against the President --- —---- 729, 739 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, criticism of President's actions --- —-- 641 Recession. See under Economy, national Recreation Act of 1978, National Parks and ------------------------- 416, 432 Recreation and Parks Week, National —_ 936 Red Cross, American --- —----------— 951 Red Cross Month --- —-------------- 193 Redbird, Helen Marie --- —---------- 849 Reed, Antoinette E --- —------------- 927 Reeves, Caroline B --- —------------- 928 Refugee Act --- —--------------- 503, 892 Refugees See also Immigration and naturalization Afghanistan. See Refugees under Afghanistan Ethiopia ------------------------ 964 Kampuchea --------------------- 964 Refugees, United Nations High Commission for --- —------------------ 256 Register, Richard A --- —------------ 927 Regulatory Council Chairman --------------------- 59, 63 Federal regulatory agencies coordination ------------------------ 75, 252 Report on reforms since 1978 --- —-- 785 Small Business Administration membership --------------------- 78, 127 Regulatory reform Airline industry. See Industry deregulation under Aircraft and aviation Anti-inflation measure — 120, 215, 573, 604 Federal regulatory system Legislation --- 118, 121,151,498, 604 Private sector, effect on --- —----- 215, 226, 281, 920 Financial institutions. See under Banks and banking Legislation ---------------------- 604 Presidential oversight of regulation — 152 Progress during administration --- 252, 785 Railroads. See Industry deregulation under Railroad Small businesses --- —---- 70, 74, 127, 517 Sunset review legislation --- —--- 118, 153 Telecommunications industry. See Industry deregulation under Communications and telecommunications Trucking industry. See Trucking industry deregulation Regulatory Reform, White House Conference on --- —------------------ 57 Rehabilitation through Training, Organization for --- —--------------- 561 Reiser, Carolyn S --- —-------------- 926 Religion Leaders, meetings with the President- 49, 217 (Digest) President's views on --- —---------- 181 Religious Broadcasters, National --- —-- 180 Reorganization Act of 1977 --- —------ 616 Reorganization Plans. See under Congress, Communications to Research and development Energy. See Energy research and development Health and medical care --- —----- 190 Science and technology --- — 229, 816, 825 Reserve Officers Association --- —----- 374 Resignations and retirements. See under Letters, Messages, Telegrams Retired People, American Association of- 589 Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, Employee -------------------- 295, 617 Rettgers, Forrest --- —--------------- 292 Reuss, Repr. Henry S --- —----------- 573 Revenue sharing, general. See General revenue sharing Reynolds, David P --- —------------- 892 Reynolds Metals Co --- —------------ 892 Rhodes, Repr. John J --- —--------- 966 Rhodesia. See Zimbabwe Ribicoff, Sen. Abraham --- —------ 483, 616 Rice, Walter Herbert --- —-------- 654, 720 A-51 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Richardson, Robert E --- —---------- 929 Richmond, Julius B --- —------------- 261 Rickover, Adm. Hyman --- —--------- 752 Ridesharing program, Federal facility. — 271 Ridgway, Rozanne --- —----------- 334 Riegle, Sen. Donald W., Jr --- —---- 27, 770 Riley, Gov. Richard W --- —------- 297, 303 Rios, Richard John --- —------------- 769 River of No Return, Idaho --- —------- 416 Rivera, Tomas --- —----------------- 264 Rizzo, Frank L --- —------------ 726, 736 Roadless area review and evaluation (RARE) lands --- —-------------- 159 Robb, Lt. Gov. Charles S --- —-------- 17 Roberts, J. Milnor --- —-------------- 374 Roberts, Louise R --- —------------- 928 Robinson, Benjamin B --- —---------- 928 Robinson, Harold Frank --- —-------- 323 Robinson, Prezell R --- —------------ 509 Robinson, Randall M --- —----------- 509 Rockefeller, Gov. John D., IV --- —--- 471 Roderick, David M --- —---------- 732, 736 Rodino, Repr. Peter W., Jr --- —------ 492 Rodriguez, Alexander R. H --- —------ 949 Rodriguez, Ricardo A --- —----------- 33 Rogers, Bill ---- --------------- 259 Rogers, Paul --- —------------- 264 Romero, Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo --- 534 Romero-Barcelo, Carlos --- —----- - 291 Rooney, Art --- —------------------ 371 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Blind persons legislation --- —------ 808 Channel Islands National Park, Calif., establishment ------------------ 432 Environmental protection leadership- 416 GI bill approval --- —------------- 851 Mentions -------------------- 397, 766 Quoted ------------------------ 280 Roosevelt, Theodore --- —------------ 415 Rose, Pete --- — --------------- 653 Rosensaft, Hadassah --- —------------ 822 Rotary International --- —----------- 334 Rowan, Carl T --- —--------------- 107 Rubber Agreement, 1979, International Natural ------------------------- 591 Rubin, Julia S --- —----------------- 929 Ruckelshaus, Jill S --- —---------- 605, 608 Ruff, Charles F. C --- —----------— 521 Ruff, S. Eugene --- —------------ 533, 564 Rural areas Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 144 National Main Street Center --- —--- 932 Women representatives, meeting with the President --- —------ 774 (Digest), 775 (Checklist) Rural Electrification Administration. —. 539, 583, 630 Rural Telephone Bank --- —--------- 293 Rusk, Dean ---- --------------- 720 Rusk, Howard A --- —-------- 810, 813, 826 Russell, Harold J --- —----------- 808 Russell, R. Robert. See Wage and Price Stability, Council on, Director Rustin, Bayard --- —---------------- 822 Rutherford, F. James --- —---- 425, 608, 841 Sabimbona, Simon --- —------------- 268 Sachar, Abraham ------------------ 822 Sadat, Anwar al-. See Egypt, President Safety and Health, Federal Advisory Council on Occupational --- —--- 395, 396 Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational -------------------- 395 Safety and Health Administration, Occupational ------------------- 59, 70, 281 Sagan, Carl ---- --------------- 264 St Germain, Repr. Fernand J --- —--- 573 St. Germaine, Richard D --- —-------- 258 Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation --------------------- 237 Saint Lucia Ambassador to U.S --- —----------- 775 Trade beneficiary developing country designation ------------------— 550 St. Patrick's Day --- —------------ 474, 500 St. Petersburg, Fla --- —------------- 893 Saint Vincent, trade beneficiary developing country designation --- —------- 550 Sakharov, Andrei --- —--------- 194, 357 Sakharov, Mrs. Andrei --- —---------- 357 Saldana, Lupe --- —----------------- 563 Salij, Elena A --- —---------------- 927 Salk, Dr. Jonas --- —---------------- 645 Salmon River, Idaho --- —----------- 416 SALT. See Strategic arms limitation Salute to Learning Day (Proc. 4755)_ — 841 Samuels, Howard --- —-------------- 264 San Antonio, Tex --- —----------- 452, 786 San Francisco, Calif --- —--------- 432, 931 Sanders, Edward --- —--------------- 862 Sang, Bahk --- —------------------- 305 Santos, Lucille L --- —--------------- 258 Saratoga, U.S.S --- —------------ 726, 878 Sarbanes, Sen. Paul S --- —-------- 15, 383 Sasser, Sen. Jim --- —------------ 333, 616 Saunders, Frank A --- —------------- 305 Saunders, Harold H --- —---------- 87, 930 Savannah, Ga ---- ------------- 501 Save Your Vision Week (Proc. 4718) — 234 Savings Bond Campaign --- —-------- 653 Savings Bonds, Interagency Committee for the Purchase of United States --- 653 Sawhill, John C --- —--------------- 65 Schaeffer, Philip A --- —---------- 377, 379 Schafer, Maj. James --- —------------ 786 Scharlau, Winfred --- —------------- 682n. Schatz, Julius --- —----------------- 822 Scheidt, Cindy M --- —-------------- 927 Scheuer, Repr. James H --- —--------- 303 Schifter, Richard --- —-------------- 822 Schmidt, Helmut. See Germany, Federal Republic of, Chancellor Schoenberg, Eric A --- —------------- 926 Scholars, Presidential --- —----------- 927 A-52 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Scholarships, Board of Foreign --- —--- 272 Schreiber, Ellen F --- —------------- 928 Schultze, Charles L. See Economic Advisers, Council of, Chairman Science, National Medal of --- —------ 80 Science, Weizmann Institute of --- —--- 646 Science Foundation, National --- —_ 77, 363 Science and technology Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------- 146 Japan-U.S. agreement --- —----- 816, 826 Nuclear waste disposal investigations- 299 Research and development --- —---- 229 Soviet trade restrictions Letter to Speaker of the House and President of Senate --- —------- 184 Memorandum to Department Secretaries ---------------------- 43 Mention ---------------------- 560 President's comments --- —------- 23, 36, 41, 278, 634, 747 State of the Union --- —--------- 196 Validated export licenses suspension --------------------— _ 63 U.S. international programs --- —---- 406 Science and Technology for Development, Intergovernmental Committee for --- —----------------------- 408 Science and Technology for Development, United Nations Conference on_ 408 Science and Technology Policy, Office of- 364 Science and Technology Policy, Office of, Director (Frank Press) Latin America and Caribbean, visit to- 407 Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance actions --- —--- 952,956, 959 National Medal of Science, presentation ceremony attendance --- —--- 80 News conference (Checklist) ------- 335 Sciences, National Academy of --- —--- 473 Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Institute for --- —------------ 407 Scott Paper Co --- —-------------- 552, 581 Scranton, Pa ---- -------------- 726 Sears Roebuck & Co ------------- 552, 581 Sebastian, Frank --- —---------- 414 Secret Service, United States --- —----- 612 Securities and Exchange Commission_ — 235, 402, 564 Security Council, National. See National Security Council Seidman, Herta Lande --- —------- 255, 522 Seignious, George M., II --- —-------- 25 Sela, Michael --- —-------------- 646, 648 Selander, Kelsey Phipps --- —--------- 949 Selective Service Act of 1967 amendments, Military --- —-------------- 339 Selective Service System Draft registration Military strength, relationship with- 680 President's opposition to immediate draft initiation --- —--- 327, 340, 346 Selective Service System-Continued Draft registration-Continued Proposed legislation --- —-------- 333 Public reaction --- —-------- 312, 328 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, effect on --- —------ 312, 330, 340, 346 Women ------------ 243, 313, 342, 880 Reform ------------------------ 333 Revitalization _ --- —- 198,243,289, 293 Senegal, President Leopold Sedar Senghor ---------------------------- 653 Senghor, Leopold Sedar --- —--------- 653 Senior Citizens Day (Proc. 4745) --- —- 620 Senior Executive Service --- —--- 73, 467, 898 Seychelles, U.S. Ambassador --- —-- 843,869 Shadur, Milton Irving --- —---------- 608 Shah of Iran. See Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza Sheehan, John J --- —------------- 508 Sheeran, Dick --- —----------------- 742n. Sheffield, James Edward --- —-------- 654 Shelley, Percy Bysshe --- —----------- 381 Sheppard, Harold L --- —------------ 718 Sherrad, Robert, Jr --- —------------ 703n. Shields, Joseph C --- —-------------- 927 Ships and shipping International agreements --- —--- 945, 946 Iran, prohibition on business with —. 612 Navy building programs --- —------- 475 Short, D. Clive --- —---------------- 775 Shorter, Frank --- —----------------- 259 Shriver, Sargent_ --- —-------------- 464 Shulevitz, Judith A --- —------------- 926 Shulman, Polly --- —---------------- 928 Sidell, William --- —---------------- 33 Sieff, Lord --- —----------------- 646, 648 Sierra Leone, U.S. Ambassador --- 899, 932 Siggard, Karin --- —---------------- 929 Sills, Beverly --- —--------------- 264, 752 Silver prices --- —------------------- 558 Simpson, Charles R --- —--------- 683, 720 Sinai Support Mission, United States —_ 697 Sinfelt, John H --- —---------------- 82n. Singapore, natural rubber trade --- —--- 592 Sister Cities program --- —------------ 628 Sizemore, Charlene F --- —------- 533, 564 Slack, Repr. John M --- —---------- 506 Small Business, White House Commission on --- —--------------------- 916 Small Business, White House Conference on. See White House Conference on Small Business Small Business Administration Advisory Comrnittee on Small and Minority Business Ownership, support services --- —-- -----------— 263 Lending activity expansion --- —----- 75 Minority-owned business loans --- —- 127 Philadelphia, Pa., grants --- —------- 726 Small business initiatives --- —------ 78 U.S. exports policy support --- —---- 400 A-53 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Small Business Administration, Administrator (A. Vernon Weaver, Jr.) Advisory Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership, support services --- —-------------- 263 Federal procurement policy functions- 73 Meeting with the President (Digest)- 64 Small Business Persons awards --- —- 919 Small Business Week ceremony attendance --------------------- 916, 919 White House Conference on Small Business attendance --- —------ 68, 72n. Small Business Week (Proc. 4723)__ 349, 918 Small businesses Leaders, meeting with the President --- 515 Legislation ------------------ 126, 127 Message to Congress --- —------ 73-79, 104 Minority enterprises --- —---------- 127 Regulatory reform --- —-- 70, 74, 127, 517 Women enterprises --- —---------- 128 Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Office of --- —-------------- 73 Small and Minority Business Ownership, Advisory Committee on --- ------ 262, 305 Smith, Karen L ------------------- 927 Smith, Mark A., Jr --- —------------- 930 Smith, Repr. Neal --- —----- 68, 74, 916, 917 Smith, William Lee --- —------------ 25 Smyrnis, Nick ----------- 218, 383 Snodgrass, Charles William --- —.... --- 449, 453 Social Security Administration Commissioner ---------- 12, 25, 217, 218 Draft registration, computer support — 289 Social security system Administration's accomplishments and goals ---------------—. 115, 138, 620 Inflation, effect on --- —----------- 555 Mentions --------------- 535, 539 783 1981 budget allocations --- —------- 536, 540, 806, 835, 887 Payments increase for cost-of-living --- 389 Proposed legislation --- —---------- 138 Supplemental Security Income program. See Supplemental Security Income program Sofia, Queen --- —--------------- 334, 335 Solar energy Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 130 Increased use --- —-------- 470, 586, 664 Research and development --- —---- 417 Solar energy development bank, proposed ---------------------- 131, 418 Solarz, Repr. Stephen --- —-------- 719, 823 Sollars, Frank B --- —------------ 605, 608 Somalia Ethiopian refugees migration --- —-- 964 U.S. military bases --- —--------- 35, 391 South Africa, U.S. policy --- —------- 172 South Carolina, U.S. district judge --- — 721 South East Asian Nations, Association for -------------------------- 169, 170 South Pacific Commission --- —-------- 893 Southern Baptist Radio and Television Commission -- ---------- 333 Southwest Asia. See Persian Gulf area; specific country Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Space Administration, National Aeronautics and --- —----------------- 563 Space Club, National --- —----------- 563 Spaeth, Merrie --- —---------------- 949 Spain King Juan Carlos I --- —------- 334, 335 Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez ------ 64, 82 Queen Sofia --- —------------- 334, 335 Spalding, George Thomas --- —------- 920 Spanish-speaking Americans Civil rights --- —-------------- 223, 224 Employment ----------------- 249, 859 Federal programs --- —------------ 859 Leaders, meeting with the President (Digest) ---------------------- 775 Ministers, meeting with the President --- -------------------- 333 Youth education and employment programs ------------------------ 54 Speaker of the House of Representatives (Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.) Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979, passage leadership --- 27 Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act support ----------------------- 588 Democratic congressional campaign dinner attendance --- —---------- 538 Letters from the President. See under Congress, Communications to Meeting with the President (Digest)- 267 Mentions ------------ 28, 39, 200n., 569 St. Patrick's Day celebration --- —-- 501 United States Holocaust Memorial Commission, membership designation authority --- —------------- 820 Special Panel for employment discrimination cases --- —----------------- 567 Special Representative of the President for International Economic Summits- 219, 867 Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, Office of the. See United States Trade Representative, Office of the Spellman, Repr. Gladys Noon ---- 13, 15, 16 Spencer, Samuel R --- —------------- 272 Spero, Joan Edelman --- —------- 507, 522 Speth, James Gustave --- —---- 335, 415,419 Spiegel, S. Arthur --- —----------- 654, 720 Spieth, Robert E --- —--------------- 928 Spinal cord injury, President's council on proposed ------------------------- 811 Spiro, Robert Harry, Jr --- —--------- 98 Spitz, Mark --- —------------------- 380 Spitzer, Lyman, Jr --- —------------- 82n. Spokane, Wash ----------- 956 Sports, President's Council on Physical Fitness and --- —----------------- 261 A-54 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Sports for All, National Conference on Physical Fitness and --- —---------- 259 Springfield, Va --- —-------------- 868 Springs, Carol C --- —--------------- 928 Spurrier, John W --- —-------------- 269 Staats, Elmer B --- —---------------- 898 Stadtman, Earl Reece --- —---------- 82n. Staggers, Rep. Harley O --- —-------- 761 Standards, National Bureau of --- —---- 483 Standby gasoline rationing plan Conditions necessary for implementation -------------------------- 92 Mention ---------------------- 279 President's commitment to propose legislation -------------- 116, 117, 129 Secretary of Energy's plan preparation -------------------------- 92 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady --- —-------- 412 Stanton, Repr. F. William --- —------- 573 Starbuck, Dorothy L --- —------------ 87 Stark, Arthur --- —----------------- 684 Starr, Richard --- —----------------- 306 State, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Ambassador at Large --- —--------- 891 Assistant Secretaries --- —------- 719, 930 Budget deferral --- —-------------- 235 Coordinator for Mexican Affairs --- 756n. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs (Victor H. Palmieri) Afghan refugees in Pakistan, assistance actions --- —--------- 257 Cuban refugee actions --- —---- 819, 933 Refugee admission functions_ — 684, 685 Counselor ---------------------- 334 Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 820 Cyprus conflict negotiations --- —---- 552 Deputy Assistant Secretary --- 892, 893 Deputy Coordinator for Refugee Affairs ------------------------- 217 Deputy Secretary. See State, Deputy Secretary of Executive Secretary --- —----------- 892 Financial transaction audits --- —---- 603 Foreign policy role --- —----------- 876 Intelligence and Research, Director-_ 933 Iran, travel prohibitions on U.S. citizens to --- —------------------ 710 National Security Council, relationship with --- —--------------- 876, 881 Policy Planning Staff, Director ----- 891 President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations, support services --- —------------------ 373 Report preparations International science and technology activities -------------------- 406 1959 Geneva Radio Regulations, partial revision --- —---------- 225 Treaty and international agreement reports ----------------------- 206, 590, 591, 756, 783, 865, 867, 925, 946 Under Secretaries --- —----- 219, 775,891 State, Deputy Secretary of (Warren M. Christopher) Acting Secretary of State announcement ----------------------- 782n. Cuban refugee assistance actions. --- 780 Cyprus conflict settlement actions --- 382 Foreign policy role --- —----------- 877 Geneva Conference on Kampuchean relief, U.S. delegation head --- —-- 933 Kampuchean relief role --- —------- 931 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 64, 267, 654, 775, 825, 891, 893, 930, 932 Mentions ---------------- 359, 791, 861 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, meetings with U.S. allies --- —--- -— 11, 80 State, Secretary of (Edmund S. Muskie) For functions of the Department in general, see State, Department of Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 913 Export administration functions --- — 824 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 825, 891,893,930, 966, 967 NATO meetings in Vienna, Austria__ 896, 900, 941 Nomination -------------- 791,826,893 President's assessment --- — 800,877,881 Soviet Foreign Minister, meeting with- 872 898 Swearing-in ceremony --- —----- 861, 862 State, Secretary of (Cyrus R. Vance) Afghan refugee assistance, report preparation ---------------------- 257 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, relationship with -----------------------— 876 Canadian-U.S. nuclear energy agreement analysis --- —-------------- 782 Cyprus conflict negotiations --- — 382, 552 Foreign policy role --- —----------- 881 International science and technology activities evaluation --- —-------- 408 Iran Diplomatic exchange reports --- —- 257 Sanctions responsibilities --- —----- 611, 612, 716, 717 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 25, 64, 104, 217, 268, 291, 293, 334, 423, 452, 493, 522, 563, 720, 775, 824 Mentions --------- 90 266, 307, 460, 640 Middle East peace negotiations --- —- 487 1980 Summer Olympics, meeting with U.S. Olympic Committee President --- —--------------------- 107 Oil import consultations --- —------- 598 President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations, final report reception --- —------------ 372 Refugee admission functions --- —- 684, 685 Resignation -_ 781, 791, 797, 798, 826, 881 Technology and strategic items transfer to Soviet Union, review --- —-- 43 Trade policy functions --- —--------- 8, 10 U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, meeting remarks ----------------------- 756 A-55 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 State Legislatures, National Conference of ----------------------------- 552 State and local governments Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------- 142 Export trade services --- —------ 400 Federal assistance programs reassessment ------------------------ 554 Federal Government, relationship with -----------------— _ 213,275 Federal grants-in-aid --- —--------- 495 Floodplain management programs --- 37 General revenue sharing. See General revenue sharing Judicial dispute resolution grant programs ---------------------- 303 Nuclear energy programs --- 297, 302, 505 Refugee assistance --- —---------- 503 Regulatory reform --- —----------- 58 Small business programs --- —------- 77 State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management --- —--- 297,301,303 State of the Union Address ----------- 194, 219 (Checklist) Message to Congress --- —---------- 114 Statements by the President See also Bill Signings Airplane crash near Warsaw, Poland- 482 Alcohol fuels program --- —-------- 61 Chinese New Year --- —----------- 257 Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 implementation ----------------- 898 Deaths Douglas, William 0 --- —-------- 105 Longworth, Alice Roosevelt --- —-- 362 Lowenstein, Allard K --- —------- 495 Meany, George --- —------------ 56 Muiioz Marin, Luis --- —-------- 808 Okun, Arthur --- —------------- 533 Owens, Jesse --- —-------------- 574 Romero, Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo- 534 Slack, Repr. John M --- —------- 506 Tito, Josip Broz --- —----------- 827 Democratic Party primaries and caucuses Connecticut and New York primaries --------------------- 534 Iowa caucuses --- —------------- 180 Maine caucuses --- —------------ 295 Massachusetts and Vermont primaries ---------------------- 428 Fiscal Year 1981 budget --- —------ 857 Freight rail industry deregulation legislation ------------------------ 584 International Labor Organization --- 306 Islamic nations, relations with --- —-- 283 Israeli settlements and status of Jerusalem ------------------------ 427 Mental Health Month --- —-------- 784 National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska, proposed legislation --- —-------- 233 Statements by the President-Continued National Women's History Week --- — 412 Olympic boycott by West Germans_ — 920 Peace Corps volunteer Richard Starr, Colombian terrorists release of ---- 306 Presidential Commission on World Hunger --------------------- 777 Regulatory reform --- —-------- 604, 785 St. Patrick's Day --- —------------ 474 Salk polio vaccine, 25th anniversary-_ 645 Selective Service System revitalization- 289 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 10th anniversary- 433 Trucking industry deregulation --- 461, 693 U.S. export policy --- —------------ 400 Youth employment and education legislation -------------------— 847 Statements Other Than Presidential See also White House Statements American hostages in Iran, White House Press Secretary --- —------ 11 Australia, meeting with Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser, White House Press Secretary --- —------------ 259 Cuban refugees, Vice President --- —- 780 Democratic Party primaries and caucuses, White House Press Secretary --------------------— 461, 584 Iran, European Community sanctions against, White House Press Secretary ------------------------— 760 Olympics, 1980 Summer, White House Press Secretary --- —------------ 668 SALT II treaty delay request, White House Press Secretary --- —------ 12 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, White House Press Secretary --- —------ 11 United Nations, meeting with Secretary General Waldheim, White House Press Secretary --- —------ 27 Steade, Susan G --- —--------------- 926 Stebbins, George Ledyard --- —------- 82n. Steel Corp., United States --- — 732, 735, 903 Steel industry Imports ------------- 665, 732, 735, 902 Prices ------------------------- 735 Profits and productivity increase --- — 723, 734, 750 Wage settlement —_ --- —---------- 725 Stennis, Sen. John C --- —----------- 539 Sterling Heights, Mich --- —---------- 770 Stevens, Robert C --- —-------------- 950 Stevens, Sen. Ted --- —-------------- 318 Stewart, Carleton M --- —---------- 509 Stobbe, Dietrich --- —-------------- 644 Stock Exchange, American --- —------ 64 Stone, Lucy --- —------------------- 412 Stone, Sen. Richard --- —------------ 823 Stonewall, Tex --- —-------- 465 Stover, Christopher R --- —---------- 929 A-56 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Strategic arms limitation Major foreign policy objective of administration ------------------- 869 SALT I --- —__ --- —------- 196, 434, 488 SALT II negotiations --- —--------- 906 SALT II treaty Mentions -------------------- 434 President's commitment to abide by terms until ratification --- —---- 872 Purposes ----------- 179, 196, 345, 348 Senate ratification Committee on Foreign Relations report -------------------- 451 President's request for delay in consideration -------------- 12, Reconsideration, possibility of -- 831 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, effect on —_ 26, 119, 180, 451,636, 831 Verification of terms --- —---- 345, 488 West German support --- —------ 440 SALT III negotiations --- —---- 440, 831 Strategic Petroleum Reserve --- —-- 251,593 Strauss, Franz Josef --- —--------- 470,518 Strauss, Robert S. Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc., chairman --- —------—. 937 Multilateral trade negotiations, role in --------------------------- 6 News conference (Checklist) -------- 932 Steel imports antidumping suits investigation ----------------- 732, 736 Strochlitz, Sigmund --- —------------ 822 Stults, Walter --- —----------------- 516 Suarez, Adolfo --- —--------------- 64, 82 Sudan, U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 843, 893 Sugahara, Kay --- —---------------- 218 Sugar, sirup, and molasses imports (Proc. 4720) -------------------— 265 Sullivan, Mary E --- —--------------- 927 Sultanik, Kalman --- —-------------- 822 Summer Olympics, 1980. See Olympics, 1980 Summer Sunset review legislation --- —----- 118, 153 Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, 1981 budget allocations___ 536, 540, 806, 836, 887 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 --- —------------- 416 Swift, Repr. Al --- —---------------- 306 Switzerland, social security agreement with U.S --- —------------------- 264 Symon, Mary Louise --- —----------- 303 Synthetic fuels --- —---------- 417, 470, 883 Taiwan Nonrubber footwear exports --- —--- 420 Trade with U.S --- —------------- 963 U.S. relations --- —------------- -91, 338, 399, 579, 906, 963 Talboys, Brian E --- —--------------- 422 Talisman, Mark --- —-- --------- 823 Talmadge, Sen. Herman E --- —---- 568, 653 Tanimoto, Lawrence G --- —--------- 927 Tariffs and Trade, General Agreement on ----------------------- 7, 97, 265 Tarniff, Peter --- —----------------- 892 Tashima, A. Wallace --- —------------ 894 Task Force on Export Disincentives —. 402 Task Force on Youth Employment, Vice President's ---------------------- 124 Tatum, Miltum T --- —------------- 929 Tau, Cecilia Mildred Nana --- —------ 775 Tax Court, United States- 683, 720, 756, 775 Taxation Capital investment --- —---------- -253 Cyprus, taxation and fiscal evasion convention with U.S --- —------ 925 Income taxes reduction and reform Future cuts, possibility of --- —--- 724 Interest and dividend payments withholding --------------- 571 1978 tax cut --- —----------- 112, 253 1980 tax cut, President's rejection of ----------------- 122, 247, 558 System improvement efforts. —. 389, 888 Legislation ---------------------- 639 Malta, income tax treaty with U.S. —. 756 Small business investment credits-__ 75, 127 Targeted jobs credit --- —---------- 124 Tax base incomes policy --- —------ 884 Territorial revenues --- —----------- 317 Windfall profits tax. See Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act Taylor, Daniel B --- —-------------- 751 Taylor, Paul --- —------------------ 733n. Teacher Day, USA (Proc. 4730) ------- 430 Technology Assessment, Office of --- —-- 5 Teige, Peter N --- —-------------- 428, 452 Telecommunication Union, International ----------------------------- 225 Telecommunications. See Communications and telecommunications Telecommunications Satellite Consortium, International --- —----------- 705 Telephone Bank, Rural --- —--------- 292 Telephone and Telegraph Company, American ----------------- ---- 653 Television receiver assemblies, color ---- 920 Teller, Adam J --- —-------------- 926 Telling, Edward R --- —------------- 581 Temple University, Pa --- —---------- 874 Templer, Mark --- —---------------- 926 Tennessee Valley Authority --- —------ 240, 539, 583, 630 Tenorio, Pedro Agulto --- —---------- 344 Texas President's visit --- —------------- 786 U.S. district judge --- —--------- 104, 218 Textile Workers, Amalgamated Clothing and --------------------------— 563 Thailand, natural rubber trade --- —---- 592 Thatcher, Richard --- —------------- 933 Thibodaux, La --- —----------------- 893 Third World countries. See Developing countries A-57 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Thomas, Charles Walker --- —-------- 84 Thomas, Edward K --- —------------ 849 Thomas, Lewis --- —------------- 264 Thomas, Nasha L --- —------------- 928 Thompson, Repr. Frank, Jr -------- 37, 38 Thompson, Harold G --- —----------- 929 Thompson, Myron B --- —--------- 344 Thompson, Roosevelt L --- —--------- 926 Thornburg, Greg W --- —----------- 928 Thornburgh, Gov. Dick --- —------- 727, 736 Thorndike, Nicholas S --- —---------- 927 Thorpe, Earl E --- —---------------- 84 Thorpe, Jim --- —----------------- 380 Three Mile Island, Pa --- —------- 726, 743 Three Mile Island, President's Commission on the Accident at. See President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island Thucydides ---------------------- 382 Tickner, Charlie --- —------------- 380 Timpane, P. Michael --- —-------- 651,825 Tito, Josip Broz --- —------------- 315, 827 Tobago, trade with U.S --- —--------- 20 Tobin, Joan F --- —------------- 515, 894 Todman, Terrence A --- —----------- 848 Togo, Fumihiko --- —--------------- 422 Tokyo Economic Summit Conference_- 95 Tolbert, William R., Jr --- —--------- 373 Toner, Brig. Gen. Francis J --- —----- 37 Tonga, U.S. Ambassador --- —-------- 893 Tootle, Bill --- — -------------- 786 Topeka, Kans --- — ------------ 563 Trade, General Agreement on Tariffs and ---------------------- 7, 97, 265 Trade, U.S. See under Commerce, international Trade Commission, Federal. See Federal Trade Commission Trade Commission, United States International. See United States International Trade Commission Trade and Development, United Nations Conference on --- —--------------- 7 Trade Negotiating Committee --- —---- 7 Trade negotiations, multilateral. See Multilateral trade negotiations Trade Negotiations, Office of the Special Representative for. See United States Trade Representative, Office of the Trade Policy Committee --- —-------- 8 Trade Representative, Office of the United States. See United States Trade Representative, Office of the Trade Week, World --- —------------ 322 Trademark Office, Patent and -------- 237 Traffic Safety Administration, National Highway ----------------------- 281 Trail, North Country National Scenic --- 432 Trans Mountain Oil Pipeline Corporation ---------------------------- 99 Transportation See also Aircraft and aviation; Auto — mobiles and automobile industry; Mass transit; Railroads; Ships and shipping; Trucking industry Administration's goals and accomplishments ---------------------- 140 Energy conservation measures ---- 787, 826 Transportation, Department of See also specific constituent agencies Annual report --- —--------------- 423 Budget deferrals --- —------------- 235 Deputy Secretary --- —------------- 25 Energy conservation and transportation efficiency observance --- —---- 784 General Counsel --- —---------- 643, 775 Handicapped person programs --- —- 810 Military awards program --- —------ 475 Nuclear waste disposal regulations_ — 300 Radiation Policy Council membership -------------------------- 363 Ridesharing programs --- —------ 2 72 Transportation, Secretary of (Neil Goldschmidt) For functions of the Department in general, see Transportation, Department of D.C. Metrorail system financing agreement ------------------------- 18 Energy conservation efforts --- —- 788-791 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63, 267, 423,492, 825,931 Membership on: State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management --- —- 301 Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8 Military awards program report --- — 475 West-to-east crude oil transportation system recommendation --- —----- 100 Transportation Amendments of 1979, National Capital --- —----------- 13, 17 Transportation Day and National Transportation Week, National Defense --- 506, 783, 930 Transportation Safety Board, National — 493 Treasury, Department of the See also specific constituent agencies Antiboycott programs --- —--------- 402 Assistant Secretary --- —-------- 434, 453 Budget deferrals --- —------------ 355 Deputy Secretary --- —--------- 374, 774 Employee retirement cooperative agreements ------------------— 295 Iran, travel prohibitions on U.S. citizens to --- —------------------- 710 Treasury, Secretary of the (G. William Miller) For functions of the Department in general, see Treasury, Department of the Automobile companies, meeting with chief executives (Digest) --- —---- 932 A-58 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Treasury, Secretary of the-Continued Budget 1981 preparation ---- 225, 569, 608 Chrysler Corporation loan, role in ---- 27 Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act, signing ceremony remarks --- —--- 589 Federal financial institutions deregulation efforts --- —---------------- 572 Foreign policy role --- —----------- 876 Inter-American Development Bank, U.S. Governor --- —------------- 414 Iran, sanctions responsibilities --- 611-613, 715, 717 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 292, 493, 607, 931 Membership on: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations --- —------ 104 Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10 Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8 Oil imports adjustment program responsibilities ---------------- 592, 598 Taxation of U.S. citizens living abroad, report on --- —----------------- 207 Voluntary wage and price guidelines, telegram to Fortune 500 companies- 453 Treaties and other international agreements. See under Congress, Communications to; other part of title Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons --- —----------- 403, 433 Trident submarine --- —---------- 348, 475 Trimble, Philip R --- —----------- 843, 893 Trinidad, trade with U.S --- —-------- 20 Trowbridge, Alexander --- —--------- 292 Trucking industry deregulation Legislation Administration's cooperation with conference committee --- —----- 252 President's appeal for action- 78, 150, 498 Senate approval --- —--------- 693, 918 Senate Commerce Committee action ------------------------ 461 Senators Hart and Kennedy, leadership roles --- —--------------- 281 Mentions ------------ 118, 121,215,573 Purposes ---------------------- 78, 150 Trudeau, Pierre Elliott --- —---------- 861 Truman, Harry S --- —-- 282, 349, 744, 766 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands --- 301, 319, 466 Trusteeship Council, United Nations --- 495 Truth, Sojourner --- —-------------- 412 Tubman, Harriet --- —-------------- 412 Tuchman, Barbara --- —------------- 774 Tullio, Louis J --- —------------- 369 Tunisia, Special Emissary Bourguiba --- 423 Turbay Ayala, Julio Cesar --- —------- 780 Turkey Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit --- —-- 382 U.S. assistance --- —--------------- 439 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 390 Turkey-Continued West German economic assistance --- 439, 678, 679 Turner, Stansfield. See Central Intelligence Agency, Director Tuvalu Trade beneficiary developing country designation ------------------- 550 U.S. Ambassador --- —------------- 893 UAW. See United Auto Workers Udall, Repr. Morris K --- —------- 63, 233 Udwin, Gerald E ------------------- 742n. Uehling, Barbara S --- —----------- 96, 218 Uganda Trade beneficiary developing country designation ---------------- 430, 550 U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 629, 720 Ullman, Repr. Al -------- 470, 585, 588, 662 Ullman, Claire F --- —-------------- 928 Uniformed services health professionals special pay bill --- —-------------- 456 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Afghanistan, invasion of. See Afghanistan, Soviet invasion Defense spending --- —------------ 347, 578, 659, 680, 869 Foreign Minister A. A. Gromyko — 872,898 Foreign policy --- —--- 633, 641, 674, 964 Foreign relations Angola -------------------- 108,674 Cuba ------------------ 93, 625, 642 Ethiopia ------------ 94,108,111,674 Former allies --- —-------------- 807 Kampuchea ------------------- 674 United States. See U.S. relations Human rights violations --- —---- 306, 379 International Year of Disabled Persons sponsorship --- —----------- 809 Iran Abstention from voting on U.N. sanctions against- 39, 79, 611, 615, 669 Control of militants holding American hostages, possibility of --- —- 637 Trade with --- —--------------- 712 Military strength comparison with U.S -------------------------- 660 Oil Afghanistan invasion, threat to world supplies --- —---- 108, 111, 183 Imports ---------------------- 35 Olympics, 1980 Summer. See Olympics, 1980 Summer President L. I. Brezhnev --- —------ 674 Sakharov, Mr. and Mrs. Andrei, internal exile of --- —---------- 194, 357 Science and technology Cooperation with U.S --- —------- 406 Repressive system, effect on development --------------------- 81 Strategic arms limitation. See Strategic arms limitation A-59 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsContinued Trade with U.S. Agricultural products. See under Agricultural trade Anhydrous ammonia exports — 101, 102 Fishing rights suspension. See under Fishing industry Phosphate shipments suspension —_ 560 Summer Olympics articles prohibition ----------------- 559, 560, 565 Technology and other strategic items suspension. See under Science and technology U.S. Ambassador --- —----------- 11,23 U.S. relations Afghanistan invasion, effect on —_- 36, 108, 111, 164, 346,673,674 Detente, state of --- —-------- 442, 872 Post World War II relationship ---- 195 United Auto Workers --- —----- 28, 770, 931 United Jewish Appeal --- —------- 377,931 United Kingdom Foreign Minister Lord Carrington --- 892 Former Prime Minister James Callaghan ---------------------- 63 Iranian Embassy takeover --- —----- 845 Nuclear arms control --- —--------- 434 Olympics, 1980 Summer, possibility of boycott ----------------------- 676 Zimbabwe, final settlement agreement ------------------ 541,679, 807 United Methodist Conference --- —---- 774 United Nations Afghanistan, responses to Soviet invasion of General Assembly vote --- —------ 106, 108, 189, 244, 520, 541, 560, 578, 634, 673, 796 Moslem nations --- —------------ 643 Multinational petition to condemn action --------------------- 22,40 Third World nations --- —-------- 224 Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 914 Cyprus conflict negotiations --- —---- 205 Economic and Social Council Deputy U.S. Representative --- —-- 606 Kampuchean relief --- —--------- 931 U.S. Representative --- —----- 507, 522 Environment program --- —-------- 590 Human rights covenants --- —------- 119 Iran, responses to American hostages in Diplomatic sanctions, possibility of- 669, 670 Economic sanctions Mentions ----------------- 91, 113 Security Council approval --- —- 79, 611,614, 669, 670, 707, 764 Soviet veto --- —------- 79, 669, 674 U.S. proposal --- —----------- 40 Release efforts --- —----- 22, 39, 79, 794 Unanimous condemnation__ --- —- 36, 39, 224, 728, 763, 795, 882 United Nations-Continued Israeli settlements and status of Jerusalem vote --- —------------- 427, 640 Security Council --- —------------- 638 U.S. Representative --- —--- 224, 861,966 World Food program --- —--------- 257 United Nations, Secretary-General (Kurt Waldheim) Cyprus conflict settlement actions ---- 205, 382, 551,947 Geneva conference on Kampuchean relief, convening of --- —--------- 931 Iran, efforts to negotiate release of American hostages in --- —------- 39, 79, 307, 356, 386, 455, 612, 614 Meeting with the President --- —---- 27 1959 Geneva Radio Regulations, partial revision ------------------ 225 United Nations Commission on Human Rights --- —--------------------- 495 United Nations commission of inquiry on Iran ---------------- 356,386,455, 458 United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development ---- 408 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development -------------------- 7 United Nations Day --- —------------ 653 United Nations High Commission for Refugees ----------------------- 256 United Nations Trusteeship Council --- — 495 United Negro College Fund --- —----- 53 United States Air Force --- —-------- 780n. United States Air Force Academy —_ 606, 757 United States amateur boxing team. --- 482, 517, 564 United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Annual report --- —--------------- 450 Assistant Director_ 428, 452, 866, 894, 930 General Advisory Committee, member- 25. 217,218 United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Director (Ralph Earle II) International nuclear energy agreements evaluation --- —----------- 782 Nomination ------------------ 217,219 Nuclear proliferation assessment statement ------------------------- 266 Recess appointment --- —---------- 25 United States Civil Service Commission- 617 United States Coast Guard Commandant -------------------- 932 Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 780, 819, 913, 915 United States Coast Guard Academy — 607 United States Conference of Mayors —. 212 United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals --- —----------- 866, 894 United States Court of Military Appeals- 317 United States Customs Service _ ---- 98, 102 United States Holocaust Memorial Council ----------------------------- 820 A-60 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 United States International Development Cooperation Agency See also specific constituent agencies Associate Director --- —--------- 51, 218 Deputy Director --- —------------- 296 Director --- —------------------- 8 United States International Trade Commission Chairman -------------------- 102, 948 Import relief determinations Anhydrous ammonia --- —-------- 102 Leather wearing apparel --- —- 531, 532 Nonrubber footwear ----------- 420 Porcelain-on-steel cookware --- — 2, 3, 97 United States-Liberian Relations, President's Commission on --- —-------- 508 United States Marine Corps --- —- 350, 780n. United States Marine Corps Memorial Commission -------------------— 483 United States Merchant Marine --- —-- 469 United States Metric Board --- —-- 940, 967 United States Naval Academy --- —- 769, 880 United States Navy Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 780 National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska exploration -------------------- 233 Presence in Persian Gulf area --- —--- 233 Shipbuilding programs --- —---- 167, 475 United States Office of Consumer Affairs --------------------------- 83 United States Olympic Committee Budget appropriation --- —--------- 893 Executive director --- —------------ 104 Fundraising drive --- —------------ 966 Mention ------------------------ 196 Support activities for Olympic teams- 381 U.S. boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics House of Delegates vote --- —----- 668 Position presentation to International Olympic Committee —_ 108, 305, 356 Support of President's decision- 259, 676 Vice President's address to House of Delegates, announcement (Digest) ------------------------ 653 United States Olympic Committee, President (Robert Kane) Meeting with administration officials (Checklist) -------------------- 104 Mention ------------------------ 381 National Conference on Physical Fitness and Sports for All, attendance -------------------- 259, 261n. U.S. boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics Acceptance of President's decision- 356 Communications from the President ------------------- 106, 616 United States Postal Service --- —------ 289, 484, 940, 968 United States Railway Association___ 392, 423 United States Savings Bonds, Interagency Committee for the Purchase of --- —-- 653 United States Secret Service --- —--- 612 U.S.S. Nimitz --- —----------------- 882 U.S.S. Pueblo --- —----------------- 744 U.S.S. Saratoga --- —------------ 726, 878 United States Sinai Support Mission ---- 697 United States Steel Corp --- —-- 732, 735,903 United States Tax Court_ — 683, 720, 756, 775 United States Trade Representative (Reubin O'D. Askew) Council on Wage and Price Stability, member ----------------------- 967 Customs Valuation Agreement --- —- 95 Export trade balance examination. --- 401 Import relief determinations. --- —.. 3, 98, 102, 421, 531 Meeting with the President (Digest)- 967 Trade policy functions --- —------- 6-11 United States Trade Representative, Office of the Deputy U.S. Trade Representative --- 25 EO 12188, implementing Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 --- —----- 7 Mention ------------------------ 617 Upland cotton imports (Proc. 4742)_ — 575 Urban areas Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------ 115, 143 Federal assistance programs- 495, 555, 832 Mass transit programs --- —-------- 14 National Main Street Center --- —--- 933 Neighborhood development --- —---- 139 Urban Coalition, National --- —------- 563 Urban Development Action Grant Program -------------------- 213, 555, 727 Utah, Paiute Indian Tribe --- —------- 604 Utility companies, conversion from oil to coal --------- 129, 166, 177, 448, 472, 889 Valdez, Abelardo L --- —------------ 217 Valentine, Foy --- —---------------- 264 Valge, Viia E --- —----------------- 927 Van Doren, Charles N --- —---------- 930 Vance, Cyrus R. See State, Secretary of Vancouver, Wash ---- ----------- 967 Vander Jagt, Repr. Guy --- —-------- 275 Vanlare, Paula J --- —------------ 928 Vavasis, Stephen A --- —------------- 927 Vehicle Certification Board, Low-Emission -------------------------- 483 Veil, Simone --- —----------- - 238 Vela, Filemon B --- —--------------- 104 Velarde, Edwin Fabrega --- —------ 33 Venezuela OPEC meeting in Caracas --- —----- 570 Science and technology cooperation with U.S --- —----------------- 407 Trade beneficiary developing country designation ---------------- 430, 550 Venice Economic Summit Conference — 440, 681, 777, 794, 870 Verburg, Jeffrey L --- —------------- 20 Verity, C. William, Jr --- —--------- 522 Vermont Administration briefing for community and civic leaders --- —----------- 334 Democratic Party primary --- —--- 428 A-61 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Vesco, Robert L --- —--------------- 904 Veterans, administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------- 142 Veterans Administration --- —---- 4, 5, 653 Veto messages. See Veto Messages under Congress, Communications to Vice President (Walter F. Mondale) Campaign efforts for President --- —- 391 Cuban refugees statement --- —------ 780 Cyprus conflict negotiations --- —--- 382 Equal rights amendment activities__ 833 Hubert H. Humphrey tribute in New England attendance --- —-------- 935 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63, 103, 217, 267, 268, 292, 293, 333, 374, 422, 423, 451,452, 492,493,521,563, 653, 720, 774, 775, 825, 892, 893,930, 931,966 Mentions ----------------------- 391, 397,569, 732, 738, 763, 939 President of the Senate, letters from the President. See under Congress, Communications to United States Holocaust Memorial Council, membership designation authority --------------------- 820 United States Olympic Committee address (Digest) ---------------- 653 Yugoslavian President Tito's funeral services, U.S. delegation head ---- 827n. Vice President's Task Force on Youth Employment --------------------- 124 Vidal, David Jonathan --- —---------- 949 Vietnam, Soviet influence --- —------- 674 Vinson, Carl --- --------------- 468 Virgil ---------------------------- 208 Virgin Islands Gasoline production, import conservation fee waiver --- —----- 593, 596, 598 Oil imports --- —----------------- 467 U.S. policy --- —----------------- 317 Virginia Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 525 Metrorail system --- —------------ 14, 18 U.S. attorney --- —---------------- 269 U.S. district judges --- —---------- 654 Vision Week, Save Your --- —-------- 234 Volcker, Paul -------- 76, 574, 607, 892 Volkswagen of America --- —------ 706, 770 Volunteer Week, National --- —------- 695 Voss, Gordon --- —----------------- 303 Wachman, Marvin --- —--------- 874, 891n. Wage and Price Stability, Council on Anti-inflation efforts --- —------- 121,552 Deputy Adviser for Labor-Management ------------------------- 462 Members and adviser-members --- —- 967 Pay standards recommendations --- — 479 Quarterly report --- —------------- 645 Voluntary wage and price standards compliance review --- —------ 581,707 Wage and Price Stability, Council on, Director (R. Robert Russell) Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24, 292, 374, 774 Oil companies wage and price compliance review --- —---------- 552, 721 Wages and prices Energy price increases, effect on pay structure ---------------------- 249 Federal civilian and military pay rates- 467, 468 Mandatory control President's opposition to --- —---- 387, 389, 479, 485, 555,582, 725 Sen. Kennedy's position comparison with President --- —-------- 737, 750 Military physicians --- —------- 456 Minimum wage increase --- —------- 115 Voluntary standards Administration's update of standards --- 246, 479, 485, 497, 513, 517 Business and industry- 120, 247, 248, 581 Chemical industry --- —---------- 658 Fortune 500 companies --- —----- 453 Labor. See Anti-inflation accord with administration under Labor Mention ---------------------- 570 Mobil Oil Corp --- — 552, 581, 707, 776 Phillips Petroleum Co --- —------- 721 Real wage insurance proposal --- — 884 Wage increases for 1979 ---- 244, 248, 497 White House officials --- —--------- 571 Wahwassuck, Brigitte T --- —--------- 927 Waldheim, Kurt. See United Nations, Secretary-General Waldie, Jerome R --- —----------- 534, 537 Walgren, Repr. Doug --- —----------- 369 Walker, Wallace Earl --- —----------- 949 Wall, James M --- —---------------- 509 Wall, Mary Eleanor --- —------------- 273 Walsh, Jeremiah Thomas --- —---- 533, 564 Walsh, Julia M --- —---------------- 272 Ware, Keren K --- —---------------- 929 Warner-Lambert Co --- —--------- 552, 581 Warren, Robert Penn --- —---------- 752 Washington, George --- —------------ 556, 651, 856, 890, 924 Washington, Walter E --- —---------- 16 Washington Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 461 Disaster declaration --- —----------- 967 Mount St. Helens eruption. See Mount St. Helens, Wash., eruption President's visit --- —------- 950, 956, 967 U.S. district judge --- —----------- 894 Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority ----------------------- 18 Washington Post --- —--------------- 728 Washington State Energy Facility Siting and Evaluation Council --- —------- 99 Waste disposal, hazardous. See Hazardous waste disposal A-62 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Waste isolation pilot plant, Carlsbad, N. Mex ------------------------ 298, 299 Waste Management, Interagency Review Group on Radioactive --- —-------- 297 Waste Management, State Planning Council on Radioactive --- —---- 297, 301 Water Act Amendments of 1978, Clean- 416 Water Resources Council --- —-------- 37 Water and waterways Energy sources development --- —--- 586 Floodplain management --- —------- 37 Legislation ------ 159, 239, 275, 280, 417 Resources management --- —-------- 419 Southwest projects --- —----------- 88 Watson, Bernard C --- —-------------- 96 Watson, Jack H., Jr. Cuban refugees assistance responsibilities -------------- 819, 834, 914, 932 Federal procurement policy monitoring --------------------------- 73 Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63, 267, 423, 825 News conference (Checklist) -------- 25 State and local governments, White House liaison for --- —----------- 213 Watson, Thomas J., Jr --- —------ 11, 23, 25 Watt, Coral --- —------------------- 752 Watts, Glenn E --- —---------------- 823 Wayne, John --- —--------------- 502, 752 Weapons. See Arms and weapons systems Weaver, A. Vernon, Jr. See Small Business Administration, Administrator Webb, J. David --- —------------- 813, 826 Weddington, Sarah --- —------------- 833 Wegman, Richard A --- —------------ 264 Weiss, Paul A --- —---------------- 82n. Weisskopf, Victor F --- —------------ 82n. Weissman, Marvin --- —---------- 287, 293 Weizman, Ezer --- —---------------- 825 Weizmann Institute of Science --- —--- 646 Welfare system --- —--------- 118, 137, 910 Wellford, W. Harrison --- —---------- 25 Wells, James Lesene --- —------------ 602 Welty, Eudora --- —---------------- 752 Wesley, Charles H --- —-------------- 84 "West Side Story" cast, White House dinner ----------------------------- 291 West Virginia Birch River --- —----------------- 433 Coal industry --- —---------------- 471 Western States, White House briefing for community leaders (Digest) --- —--- 932 Westinghouse Broadcasting Co., Inc --- 733 Wexler, Anne --- —----------------- 217 Wharton, Clifton R., Jr --- —--------- 323 Wheat Agreement, International --- —-- 865 Wheat reserves --- —---------------— 162 Wheeler, Joseph C --- —---------- 427, 452 White, Charles --- —----------------- 602 White, George Washington --- —------- 564 White, John P --- —------ 292, 293, 607, 774 White, Linda D --- —--------------- 928 White, Robert E --- —--------------- 191 White House coal advisory council, proposed --------------------------- 473 White House Commission on Small Business -------------------------- 64, 916 White House Conference on Aging --- — 462, 534, 539, 621 White House Conference on Families — 224 White House Conference on Regulatory Reform ------------------------- 57 White House Conference on Small Business Opening session --- —----------- 68, 104 Preconference meeting with administration officials --- —------- 64 (Digest) Purposes ---------------------- 74, 126 White House Fellows --- —-------- 948, 966 White House Fellowships, President's Commission on --- —----------- 948, 949 White House staff Advisor to the President on Inflation. See Kahn, Alfred E. Assistants to the President Congressional Liaison. See Moore, Frank B. Domestic Affairs and Policy. See Eizenstat, Stuart E. Intergovernmental Affairs. See Watson, Jack H., Jr. Jordan, Hamilton. See Jordan, Hamilton McDonald, Alonzo L., Jr. See McDonald, Alonzo L., Jr. National Security Affairs. See Brzezinski, Zbigniew Wexler, Anne --- —------------- 217 Counsel to the President. See Cutler, Lloyd N. Counsellors to the President on Aging- 534, 718 Deputy Assistants to the President Intergovernmental Affairs --- —--- 492 National Security Affairs. See Aaron, David L. Deputy Counsel to the President- 104, 518 Deputy Press Secretaries to the President Bario, Patricia Y. See Bario, Patricia Y. Granum, Rex --- —------------- 255 Press Secretary to the President. See Powell, Jody Senior Adviser to the President. See Donovan, Hedley Special Assistants to the President Consumer Affairs --- —------- 281, 453 Ethnic Affairs --- —------------- 13 Martin, Louis E --- —----------- 908 A-63 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 White House Statements Commission on European Communities, meeting with President Roy Jenkins ----------------------- 189 Cuban refugee policy --- —------ 682, 914 Egypt, meeting with: President Anwar al-Sadat --- —---- 623 Vice President Muhammad Husni Mubarak ------------------- 99 Energy mobilization board legislation- 761 European Parliament, meeting with President Simone Veil --- —------ 238 Federal Reserve System, credit controls moderation --- —----------- 961 Germany, Federal Republic of Meetings with: Bavarian Minister President Franz Josef Strauss --- —---------- 470 Berlin Mayor Dietrich Stobbe_ — 644 Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher ----------------- 189 Honduras, meeting with President Policarpo Paz Garcia --- —------- 426 International Olympic Committee President, meeting with --- —----- 929 Iran, rescue attempt for American hostages in --- —--------------- 771 Israel, meeting with Prime Minister Menahem Begin --- —----------- 700 Kenya, meeting with President Daniel T. arap Moi --- —-------------- 354 Olympics, 1980 Summer — _ 305, 356, 560 Pakistan, meeting with Agha Shahi__ 67 President's Personal Emissary to India- 188 Spain, meetings with Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez --- —------------- 82 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Iran, veto of economic sanctions against --------------------- 79 Sakharov, Mr. and Mrs. Andrei, internal exile of --- —------- 194, 357 United Nations commission of inquiry on Iran --- —------------ — 356, 455 Virginia Democratic Party caucuses — 525 Water projects legislation --- —----- 275 West-to-east crude oil transportation system ----------------------- 99 Windfall profits tax legislation --- —- 470 Whitman, Marina v.N --- —---------- 264 Wholesale Price Index. See Producer Price Index Wiesel, Elie --- —------------------- 823 Wild and Scenic Rivers System, National ----------------------- 323, 433 Wilderness and wildlife, Alaskan protection --------------------- 233, 234, 419 William O. Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range, Alaska --- —------------ 416, 419 Williams, Henry --- —------------ 813, 826 Williams, Jerre S --- —------------ 654,720 Williams, Jim --- —----------- 41, 65, 703n. Williams, Karen Hastie --- —------ 371,375 Williams, Susan K --- —------------- 929 Williams, Tennessee --- —------------ 752 Wilson, Carroll L --- —-------------- 930 Wilson, Theresa A --- —------------- 928 Wilson, Woodrow --- —----------- 222,324 Wilton, Conn ---- -------------- 893 Wilzig, Siggi --- —------------------ 823 Wind energy systems --- —----------- 586 Windfall profits tax. See Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act Windfall Profits Tax, National Citizens' Coalition for --- —---------------- 586 Wing, Michael H --- —-------------- 926 Wingreen, Ned S ---------- --- 926 Winship, Thomas --- —------------- 643n. Winston, Ellen --- —---------------- 537 Winter, Gov. William F --- —--------- 422 Winter Olympics, 1980. See Olympics, 1980 Winter Wisconsin Democratic Party primary ------ 584, 724 White House briefing for civic and community leaders --- —--------- 268 Wolff, Repr. Lester L --- —----------- 522 Womach, Emily H --- —------------- 272 Women Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 140 Affirmative action programs --- —---- 115 Draft registration-_ 243, 289, 313, 333, 342 Employment ----------------- 123, 830 Equal rights amendment. See Equal rights amendment Judicial appointments --- —--------- 223 Organization representatives, meetings with the President (Digest)- 268, 423, 774 Small business activities — 70, 77, 127, 128 Women, President's Advisory Committee for --------------------------- 63, 814 Women Voters, League of --- —---- 589, 828 Women's Business Enterprise, Interagency Committee on --- —--------- 77 Women's Educational Programs, National Advisory Council on --- —--- 508 Women's History Week, National --- —- 412 Won Pat, Del. Antonio Borja --- —----- 318 Wood, Reginald Lightbourn --- —----- 775 Woodruff, Hale --- —---------------- 603 Woodruff, Judy --- —---------------- 107 Woods, Noah --- —----------------- 849 Woodson, G. Carter --- —------------ 85 Worcester, Mass --- —--------------- 935 World Bank --- —------------------- 941 World Coal Study --- —-------------- 930 World Food program, United Nations_ — 257 World Hunger, Presidential Commission on --------------------------- 777 World Trade Week (Proc. 4722) ------ 322 Wright, Repr. Jim --- —---------- 275,825 Wyatt, Addie --- —------------------ 264 Yaguina Head Outstanding Natural Area, Oreg --- —----------------- 433 Yamashita, Satsuki ----------------- 929 A-64 Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Yarnall, D. Robert, Jr --- —----- 867, 874n. Yates, Repr. Sidney R --- —-------- 318, 823 Yazurlo, John C --- —--------------- 841 Yokota, Shari H --- —--------------- 928 York, E. T --- —---------------- 323, 628 York, Pa --- —---------------------- 824 Young, Andrew J. Mentions ----------------------- 538 Third World nations, relationship with -------------------------- 224 Zimbabwe independence ceremonies, U.S. delegation cochairman --- —-- 719 Young, Coleman --- —--------------- 27 Young, Jean C --- —----------------- 752 Young, Repr. Robert A ----_ --- —---- 492 Youth act of 1980, proposed --- —----- 815 Youth Employment, Vice President's Task Force on --- —------------ 124, 815 Yugoslavia Ambassador to U.S --- —----------- 892 President Lazar Kolisevski --- —----- 827 Yugoslavia-Continued President Josip Broz Tito --- —--- 315, 827 U.S. policy --- —-------------- 315, 827 Zaire, relationship with France --- —--- 679 Zariski, Daniel A --- —-------------- 927 Zawawi, Qais Abdul Munim Al --- —-- 452 Zborowski, Eli --- —----------------- 823 Zeferetti, Repr. Leo C --- —---------- 451 Zemel, Richard S --- —-------------- 928 Zerbe, John A --- —----------------- 928 Zero-based budgeting --- —----------- 115 Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad --- —-------- 34, 40 Zigler, Edward --- —---------------- 193 Zimbabwe Conflict settlement-_355, 541, 679, 807, 870 Elections ----------------------- 355 Independence ceremonies, U.S. delegation cochairmen --- —----------- 719 Trade with U.S --- —------ 401,430,550 U.S. Ambassador --- —-------- 717, 720 U.S. relations --- —--------------- 891 A-65 DATE DUE i__ _ i i I i i *1 t i i i 4 4 i i 4 9.9 1 m 4 i I 4 4 i.9 4 i * i i i i 2 6 1 -2 5 0 0 I P,.nted... USA --- --. -ji - 9 i ii U GOVT, GS4:L:1. 3 +*980-*8 I/b K * I. /c* 2 Un:ited Stoaates. F:residjentL ( 1977...1981.:0 ClartT't Pub lic piapers (GOV'T+GS4. 113:+980....81/bKI( /c.2 Un ited St.'ates * F' T~Csicdent (1977-1981 + Ctarter). FPu b I i c: p:':ra ) T%.5 I BATES COLLEGE LIBRARY I I II I I I I HI I 35033 00566 0972