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b~K~

DETROIT PUBLIC LIBRARY
3574 03522758 7

APIONEE*R HISTOR,.Y
`Z--OF THEC94~I:
T 0 W  ý\'S   4 I
GENESEE COUNTY, MICHIGAN)
ALVAWH1BRAINEIRD,







INTRODUCTION
Being solicited by my town friends arid others, to give
to the public aorne history ot pioneer life in G rand Blanc
and vicinity, I shall not confine myself to pioneer, but its
effects and incidents connected with it, and under my.observation for about forty-five years, which, in looking
back, there have been many and wonderful changes made
since; arid if I should be somewhat romantic, excuse me,
for that has always been oiie of' my foibles, though truth is
to be observed in full.
ALVAH BRAINERD.




13 H r
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A ~ 1/




CHAPTER 1.
I was born in York State, Monroe county, and brought
up on a farm with my father, he being a farmer. The
farming business I did not fancy, so 1 worked at the joiner
trade, excepting in harvest, then I would turn in and help
father. By working out in this way, I had laid up a small
sum of means, and at the age of twenty-three I chose a
partner for life. Then the idea of' obtaining some land,
and by so doing I would have to go west, where it could
be had cheap. To think of going into the woods, when
you are in a small town with all life and bustle and pleasant for the eye, but there was no alternative but to go.
I introduced the subject to father, and one of my sisters
had just married; we were a coming together. Oh, the.
affections of parents for the welfare of their children.
Father thought the subject over a short time, then answers us in this wise: "Children, you see me and your
mother here, and we are now quite advanced in years. It
is affecting to us to have you leave us and go into the
woods, from us. I propose to sell out and go with you, it
you will promise to settle down by us and stay by us
whilst we live."  What child would not be touched to
have sacrifice made like this for them from their parents.
He thought he had better come out and see this part
of Michigan. Mr. Tupper's folks had already moved here,
and father came, and looked, and returned to us, saying
it was good land here in this town. So he sold out his
premises, and in the fall we calculated to go west. So the.
goods had to be packed and boxed, by the way of the raging canal, as it was often termed, to Buffalo, then shipped
a-ross Lake Erie to Detroit, and then by wagon to its des.




6          PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
tination. So it took as much forethought as now to go to
the Black Hills.
We had to lay in for provisions on our journey. After
arriving at Buffalo, there was oLly one boat to go to Detroit that day, and that had been condemned as unsafe,
and there had been a heavy wind all day, so they dare not
start out until the wind subsided some. In the course of
the day we got our goods on board. Then the boat had to
leave the dock and cast anchor, to make room for another
to unload. Toward sundown word came for us to come
on board, for it was going to start. We had to be carried
in a skiff to the boat, and on entering the skiff there lay a
dead man upon his back, which they had just picked up
out of the water, drowned. What a dampness this put
upon the women and children. We went on board the
steamboat with great fear, the waves running high, and
knowning the boat's qualities, our quarters were in the
hold down below, among many Swiss emigrants and near
to the engine, with heat and scent. The boat tossed to
and fro so bad that it was almost impossible to walk without help (now for a time); now, under circumstances, sea
sick, and most all below in a filthy condition, and no
decency among the old country people too. I got mother out
upon deck, for she thought she would die, and there we
stayed until at Detroit. The boat's joints would squeak
and groan. Wasn't we a happy company to land again?
The boat is where mother got disgusted with the country.
I never have forgotten it.
The boat on returning back to Buffalo went under, and
has not been seen since (one glad one for that); no loss of
life, no lady to save. The horses were sea sick, too.
Now we are on land it is hard to walk stright, so good
bye, boat. We had our goods put into the store house,
and the horses and wagon we were to take with us on our
journey, for transporting our provisions and women and
children.




CHAPTER II.

In eighteen hundred and thirty-two,
There we were landed in Detroit city,
All anxious as others ought to do,
And now mother we began to pity,
As she is sick and discouraged, too,
But now we must move on,
What else, or otherwise, can we do?
We all commence to start as one.
October 10, 1832.   Our first move was to visit our
friends in Macomb county; and not being acquainted with
the forest and heavy timber and roads new, to travel several miles in them with a few trees anA brush cut for teams
to pass along, made it tedious to the mind and tiresome
to the body. After leaving Detroit a few miles, our appetites reminded us of a halt. At the next house to entertain travelers, our horses were reined up at the door. We
called for something to eat, and were informed that they
had got out of bread, had no meat, and they had just sent
to Detroit city for tea. Well, here we are.   We finally
consulted among ourselves what to do, and came to the




8         PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
conclusion to eat what provisions we had, having, some left
after leaving the boat.  We sat in the wagon, and got
some hot water and made tea in a tin cup, and eat our
bread with quince sauce spread upon it, and drank tea
from some small tin cups we had brought with us.
Mother remarked at this time, that this was the country
that flowed with milk and honey, having a few discourageinents upon her mind. After refreshing our natures and
horses, we started again, not being willinjg to look back,
knowingý where we were bound to stop among our friends
in Macomb. When we arrived at our friend's home, ourappetites had also. After supper, then came the time to
visit, and our minds retain that meeting yet. Some lady
may ask, what did you have for supper? Some venison,
potatoes, bread and butter, the latter having a peculiar
taste, from the cows running- in the woods and what they
eat. In the spring the cows eat wild onions and leaks.
The consequence was the milk and butter tasted of them.
Not a pleasant flavor. Our friends had made some improvements upon the land, and their houses were built of
logs, with loose floors and nO carpets.  Notwithstanding,
they seemed -Lo enjoy life, happy and contented people.




CHAPTER III.
After staying with our friends a few days, we started
for Grumlaw, now the town of Grand Blanc, our present,
home. It being late in the season, the fall rains had softened the ground and raised the streams, so that the traveling was very bad. There was only now and then a team
on the road, so that their tracks were hardly visible for us to
keep the route, and noe to enquire of the way. But we
were on our way, horses hauling and tugging away as best
they could, while some of us walked along ahead or behind, as convenience suited us, and would take turns in
riding, as we could not all ride at once.
We hid gone but a few miles before the horses and
wagon got into a soft spot and could not get out, so all
aboard the wagon dismounted and waded along through
the iniry place, whilst the men waded in and unharnessed
the horses and got them out, then after tugging and pulling and planning the wagon also was gotten upon harder
ground, the horses hitched on once more (and some may




10        PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
think that by this time our feet and clothes had got soiled some-that is what we, thought at the time). We
inoved verv slow, sometimes moody, then agrain cheerful.
We had prepared a good suipply of provisions to tak~e
atlongr with us while at our friend's, and had to stop often
to rest our teami and ourselves. It was abouit as tiresome
to ride as to go on foot, for- most part of the way was in
the woods, over rcoots of trees, stones and logs, first one
side, then the other, so that you was in a tilting, position
most of the, time, but beingC late in season, that firiendly
foe of ours was absent, the musquito. This reminds mnc of
how much labor has been spent, in trying to keep them
off at times, and how many hours -if restless sleep has been
enfdturedi by the musquito, to say nothing of the l'anguage
ag'ainst them and the marks- made by them, which is too
bad.
We were two days going about forty-five miles, which
we can travel in three, hours now by rail, or twelve in. a
carriage. When we grot within eight miles of our destination, Nye came -to the, end of the road. Ladies, donD't shud -
der, we came through; for the old fallen down timber had
a portion of it been removed, so that we could pass by
going around the low places and high and keeping a good
lookout for the passes or road, and having to travel a zig
zagr way, making the, distance miles farther. Oh, the
marks of' pioneer life  Some may say, I1 never could endurea its crooked paths.
Xfter about, three miles more travel we came to Mr.
Caleb S. Thompson's log, house, right in the woods. The
lady, Mrs. Thompson, had a quil ting that day, and ALI+.
N. Tupper's wife was there, and our way lay close to the
door. She, had come on horseback, about two miles distant, and when she saw uis, the horse was called for, and in
a few moments Mrs. Tupper was mounted upon the horse
and persuing us as fast as possible.




CHAPTER TV.
After traveling on~e mile we came to Silas Smith's house,
in the woods, excepting a smnall opening. Mrs. Tupper
was a short. distance behi nd us, and when she. camne by Mr.
Smith's house Mrs. Smilth called to MIrs. Tupper, (they being acquainted, and neighbors only about. one and a half'
miles apart)--Mrs. Smith wanted to know if wowerv~e. the
Brainerd family as we h~ad just passe--d, and was expected.
Mrs. Tupper turned to answer- andi lost. her lbalance and
fell from the horse., but without any hurt. 'Soon after she
overtook us, and then we. soon begran to learn how 0our
friends in Grumlaw were, and as the addagre is, "Misery likes
company,"17-the time and distance seemed shortened. Wt'
had now arrived at our journey's end. Old Mrs. Tupperwas looking for us, and when we drove up to the door, if'it'
had not been for lightning, I should have said she flew, forif her hands had been wings she, would surely have gone.
There is joy and gladness in meetin ( with our friends under vioneer life, and its caccompanyments. 'Those happy
greetings are not forgotten, though now most of' those
friends are dead, and gone to their graves. The first night
was occupied mostly by the older ones in visiting.  Next
morning the men; folks ventured out to make calls and be
introduced to the citizens, and that introduction could not
be done in one day either, being to five or six families and
living so far apart. The boys commenced on bear, wolf'
and deer stories, and some had seen the massasaugar snake.
We thought we were very courageous young men, and began our plans to capture the wild animals.  So we sauntered around a little, and if by chance we saw a deer, our
uuns were not thought of until after he was gone, or if the,
gun was thought of, we could not see the, gun and deer at
the same time. We had this hunting f-ever bad for some
time. It is not like the fever and ague, but more like the
tremens, being very nervous and seeing many things and
thlink-ing they are ours, but when the smoke of the gun
is gone, so is the deer and all ot our anticipations.




CHAPTER V.
Our next visit will be to see the Indians in their camps
and otherwise. The Indians are a people of strange peculiarities, some of them which I shall make mention of in
my history. Their appearances now and forty-four years
past, is very different in almost all respects and appearances; and after a few days visiting with our friends and
neighbors, I began to look for some potatoes for winter
usp. Mr. Silas Smith let me dig on shares on his land
near the. bank of a small lake, and they were large and
nice. Father and his family, wife and I, and my sister
and her husband. nine in all, moved into a small log house
near Grand Blanc Center, to stay until we could build
some of our own. The house was very oomfortable for
those times, having two windows and one door. The lower
floor was fastened down with pins of timber, the upper
floor loose boards with large cracks between them; the
stairs were made of two poles with rounds-called a ladder-and in order to ascend or descend, it was necessary
to hold on with our hands to guard against, falling down.
The fire place was made of clay, and the chimney of sticks




SPIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

13

and clay upon them to the top, the cellar was a small hole
dug under the floor, with a door cut through the floor to
get into it, which was done by sitting down on the floor
with your feet down in the cellar, then jumping down in
the dark, then reaching back fr your candle which you
had set down upon the floor. "Well, what was you after
down cellar?" In the winter season, potatoes, cabbages,
and turnips, and perhaps a piece of pork. "You say
nothing about apples." No, sir, nor cider. We had no rats to
disturb our cellars at this time. There might in the summer season a.-nake occasionally creep in. I have been
thus minute in describing the house because this was the
general style of them all, with this variation: some had
bark pealed for roofs, and some shakes and boards, or a
few shingles. In the winter season I have had my bed and
children's bed, in a snow storm, mostly covered up with
snow in the morning; (beds up stairs,) the children coming down in the morning, their faces wet and rosy cheels,
and cheerful of such a time.  Then, in the summer time,
in a rain storm and wind, the rain would drive in under
the shakes ot the roof and you would have to get up in the
night and move the children's bed to keep them dry or
dryer. We burned large wood, which made fire all night,
in the winter, and the women being fearful of Indians intrudiing unknown to us, would fasten up the doors, and
even the windows, for our ladies and children at those
days was afraid of the Indians. After all, they would
manage some way to get iiL by unfastening the door, and it
was no uncommon thing to wake up and discover several
of them sitting around the fire, drying their moccasins by
hanging them upon the crane hooks suspended from the
chimney to hang kettles upon to boil potatoes or heat water for tea. They would be careful not to talk loud or
make much noise, and we would be equally so to.  After
warming and drying they would put on their moccasins
and retire after fastening the door again-and feeling as



14        PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
sured they had left, we would perhaps fall to sleep to be
awakened again by the wolf's midnight cry, which has as
many sounds as a piano, only harsher in its tones. Morning arrived, and all is well. The women commence to get
the morning meal, and for a change this morning, we will
have potatoes, meat, butter and tea.  We didn't have to
stop and ask, "Won't you have some of this?".Our appetites spoke for us; nor we don't stop to ask many questions,
afterwards perhaps some one suggests the inquiry what
such a one is probably doing this morning in York State.
(The mind goes back to friends left.)  Next, the men
commence conversation about buying land, and by this
time perhaps some of the neighboring men have come in
to talk over the prospects of the purchase and its whereabouts.  Being pleasant to-day we conclude to go and
look around some, Mr. J. R. Smith going with us to pilot
us through the woods. So we started, some taking their
guns, not knowing what we might see, as our course was to
be in the woods altogether. Before night, we had selected
as we supposed, eight lots, but on returning Mr. Smith
said he had taken up one of the lots, and as that one was
one of the lots we had selected, we concluded to look elsewhere again-but his selecting one of the lots was a hoax,
and we did not know it at the time. The lot suited him
so well at the time of seeing it that he desired it as his,
and afterwards obtained it.




CHAPTER VJ.
Our next move was to purchase a tract of land belonging to Judge Riggs. We made a bargain, and agreed
among ourselves what lots each one should take.  Father
and Riggs went out to a little town called Rochester,
in this State, to malke the writings, and when there, his
sons had some claims against him for labor, and if the old
man did not give them part of the pay they would not
sign off. Father saw the situation of things, and returned
home without purchasing of them. The next look was at
the city of Flint. Mr. John Todd said he would sell us
his land lying on the east.ide of the river for three thousand dollars, but as we were looking'for land for farming
purposes, it did not suit. It was in part very broken land
by low grounds and some swamps along on the river banks.
(Some ask us why we did not buy to speculate upon?) that
was not our thoughts at the time.  We had not a city in
view. Others ask how large was the city at this time? It
can be readily answered, and,ot go into the tens or thousands: There was a saw mill on Thread river, near the
dam on the high ground, not finished, and its effecting
power was slow, and to illustrate-went by the day. The




16        PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
i~ext was a 1)gY house without cany one living in it, the
frame of' what. is c.illed the brewery house, uponl the rise of
nground near the Thread brewery. The next was on the
Opposite sidle, of the road, almost down to the bank of the,
Flint river, and was where Mr. John Todd lived. He had
a small pi,-ce cleared as a gai den spot. His house was, or
would be if' standing now, rather roman tic-am ids t the
(lepot ground~s. Crossing over the river in an Indian cano0e we find on-the bank of the river a board shanty, the
boards having been sawed at the Thread mill soon after its
first work. Then a little farther down the, river on its
banks was another very coarse log house, about on the
spot wheire tl-te Baptist church first stood.  In this shanity
Mrs. Et-h~er Green died-the first white. woman that died
in this county, in 1830.  But to return.  Our, next look
weis successful. Mr. 0. Tupper said he could show us
somne nice land in north, as hie termned it, so,ý not f -orgetting
our guns, we started, following the line by marked trees
made when the land was -surveyed.  H is flather owned the
land for one mile on our route, and. as. soon as ýwe- crossed
that, found the land we were in pnrsuit oAt after -which we
soon discovered the section corners,' and looked along said
lines, not daring to leave. them for fear of getting lost.
Tak~e heavy. timbered land, and not being used to it any,
it can't be wondered at much   After a while veýbegan to
be more venturesome, by having, one keep on the line and
another out, but keep in hailing distance.  Having satisfied ourselves measurably of all its qualities, we returned
homie.  A few days after, I invited my wife and somle others to accomapany me to see the place I had selected for
mine. So we, prepared for the Journey and on foot rememiber., for it was laborious traveling, nbt a brush had
been cuit to it for three-fourths of' a mile-in a dense forest.  Wheni about half the distance was passed, we came
to the, Thread river, which we had to ford on drift wood
and logs.  After getting at the point of location, I asked




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

17

her, "How does this look for a home?" After surveying
the woods and looking for the tops of the trees and seeing
clear skies, she says: "All right, this will be nice," in answer. We then returned back, reflecting that this decision
was more precious than gold, having now an object in
view, perhaps for life, agreed to commence anew in a lonely spot -and now, not knowing what was our destiny in
this life. Circumstances have favored us, and we are alive
yet. We have no reason to complain, for we believe our
lot was cast in a goodly land, and after privileges to be enjoyed-to make the old comfortable and happy. A few
days later, father started for Detroit with the money, and
paid one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre.  He had
mine taken in my name and the other lots in his name-six
lots in all. The duplicates were signed by Andrew Jackson, then President. After father returned, he handed me
the duplicate for my land.  Question-How did you feel
about that time? I should say as Alexander Selkirk did
at a certain time, when he said he was "Monarch of all he
surveyed,"-and my right there was none to dispute, but
I was not lord of the fowl and the brute, for I had none
yet. My ax and gun became then my steady companions
although we had but a short acquaintance as yet-we passed together what to me were many wearisome hours. I
was not used to chopping, and my ax would do as other
new beginners, sometimes steer for my feet, which would
make me cringe.




CHAPTER VII.
As for the. gun, you might lug it all day and back
again; what did it kill?  Oh, nothing but time; and I
will go with you again some convenient season.  I had to
travel over one mile to my work in the morning, and back
at night; but the tea hour system  had nothing to do
with my work. Oh, those pretty saplings, how trim and
pleasantly they stood. When I came up to them with my
ax, I would look up to the top, then cast my eye along
the ground to see it it could be laid down, to my, mind;
then, perhaps, after.1 have whistled a short snatch of
some pleasure, and perhaps spit on my hands, I commenced to chop. This reminds me of a time when I
struck the tree, a large black snake dropped trom the
top down at my feet, and I think we were both badly
scared, from  our movements.  After cutting one side,
then on the other, down comes the tree, and so I continue
on. After cutting down about oi.e acre of the woods,
then I commenced to get out timber to build a house, for
I was going to build a frame house. I never owned a log
house; for to move over, as we termed it, would save
miles of tiavel to get to my work and back honme. I had
worked at the carpenter's trade in York State, and had




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC1

19

brought my tools., nails and glass to build a house. So
after a tew- days I had the, timber out; then I dug a cellar and hewed timber to wall it up with. Then I. got Mr.
John P. FEritz~ to come and draw the timber together for
me withi his oxen.   Rowland B. Perry had a saw mill
three-fourths of a mile west of' my place., and I cut out
the, brush and made a temporary road to the, mill, so that
in the winter season we could draw somne lumber. Then
you could cut tinber within a 1ew rods of the mill, and
welcome such as oak and pine timber, the nearest at the
Trhread mill pond, about four- miles, belonging to the government..  We all went there for shingles, timber or
hoa-rdsi, asking no one for it.  I bought plank and boards
for my houise of Mr. Perr-y for four and five bdllars per
thousand, all g-reen of coursp, and' had it hauled imme-diately, so that I comminced at once to frame and build,
-no brush being burned as yet around the building spot.  I
carried the. brush away a little further fromn the house,
spot. The brush heaps looked as if a tornad:i had swept.
over the placte.  Afte-r a few days I had the framne ready
jo raise, and the plank fitted t~o put ou as soon as, the.
frame was uip.  A framu house was a novelty to fhe citizens of' this place, so I extended an invitation generally to
help raise. It was understood it was to be raised. without
whisky, as I was a decided temperance mant, but. I would
furnish plenty to eat.  Some (1 call no inames) said if I
would not furnish whisky, they would. Old habits so
h~ard to overcome. Mr. Jonathan Daytou fell, in with ine
and camne at an early hour, and said if I would commence
to raise, as soon as I thought. enough had come, to raise, it.,
perhap-s we could have the framne up before the whisky
and those with it would arrive; and we did get it up in
time end were putting on the, plank (oh that dilatory servant in this case); so the liquor was not taken out of the
sleigh, nor dlid only a part of' the tuo~n know about its arrival.  So you se(. it was -a temperance raising after all.




20

PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

Afterwards some of them said to me, "You did smart to
ask us to your raising in the P. M., and then raise in the
A. M."   My wife said, "Yes, Mr.; you did not
have a chance to take your jug out of the sleigh, did you?"
(all cheerfully said.)  All are apt to rejoice over a victory,
if it is small. It was raised on Monday, and the Monday
following we moved into it, with one window and one
door, the first of March, 1833. Our nearest neighbor was
one mile off. The first night we stayed there was a very
gloomy time. There was a heavy thunder shower, and
the plank were not very cluse together, so that the lightning flashes would come through every place, and the
thunder was very heavy. Under all circumstances, taken
together, we did not sleep much, but morning appeared
pleasant again. A part of our goods were at Detroit, as
I had hired Mr. John Tupper to draw them for me, for
which I was to pay him eighty dollars in work on his
house at some future day, at one doilar per day. Thus
you see we had to begin house keeping with only a small
portion of our goods.




CHAPTER VIII.
There was no chimney in our house as yet, but a place
left for one. We built a fire on the ground and there our
morning meal was cooked. This is the way it was done:
In digging the cellar I had thrown in the dirt where I
wanted the chimney built, within about eighteen inches
of the top of the floor, so that my wife had to step down
to the fire. We had in those days to cook over and around
and in the fire-boiling over, baking by, and roasting
potatoes in the ashes. We had no recipes then fbr cooking. Our table being new did not need a cloth, and as
there were only two of us it did not require glassware.
The tea perhaps was not as good as you can get at J. C.
Decker's, in Flint, now, but I think we relished it as
well at that time, and all we had to eat was good and sat.isfying to nature. Probably some would like to have me
particularize more about the food, but I will add that we
did not sit long tifter eating to make faces at each other,
we had other things in view, which was of importance to
us.  We must have a chimney built, for a fire-t,!a(tin
the house smokes badly, which causes the. eyes to water
and look red. Our meal over, the women tipped up a
board in the floor to draw a pail of water out of the cellar.




22        PIONEER HISTORY OF 0RAND BLANC,
I did not find a spring there, but I found hard clay which
would hold water as well as a barrel, as there was no outlet to it, and when it rained the water ran into the cellar.
Then I commenced to make a chimney by taking clay
and placing it in position for a back, and then pounding
it together hard. This made a nice back for a chimney,
and after getting into the next story, or loft, I used split
sticks, laid up as you often see children lay np cob houses,
as they term them.   After the sticks were laid, I plastered it all over with clay, using my hands for a trowel,
which makes it look nice, but not smooth. The chimney
is large at the bottom anud smaller at the top, bnt so large
that dense smoke can ascend if it should happen to take
that course, but if not,
My dear, now what is the matter?
Your eyes are red, and how they water!
Oh, dear me, it is so hard and perplexing,
And I must say it is truly vexing.
Sometimes we would as soon look up through the
chimney after a storm had commenced to see if the skies
were claring, as to look out of the window or door.
Then when I had made the fire hotter, or put on more wood,
I used to look up the chimney to see that it was not on
fire. In this way we could see, in the evening, the moon
or several stars, or the sun at noon day. Such was the
telescopic view up the chimney. In the place for the
fire, we could put on in a pile enough wood, so that it
would make a lasting fire, from the heat of which, and
the light also, we could sit back and look into the fire
with cheerfulness and talk about future things without a
lighted candle. In getting in some of the largest sticks of
wood to be used as a back-log, as it was termed, it being
too heavy to carry, we would take a stout handsled and
load on a log and draw it into the house, then roll it back
to its place. This and two or three other large sticks at
a time for a fire. Then after retiring, having our bed in




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

23

the same room and the fire well cared for, it continued
still light and warm. At times aifter we. had passed to a
land ot quiet-noss and rest by sleep, one of those largest
owls would light upon the top ot the house, and there
chant some of his harsh solos or laughing tunes, which
would awaken and frighten us at first. Alter a second
thought I1 would take down the gun and go out and salute
him with it, which appeared to satisfy him for the time
being, when I would put the gun away and go back to
bed-again. This reminds me of what a man once said, as
rumor hath it. He said he saw an owl sitting upon a
tree, looking down upon him. He then walked around
the tree three times, the owl still keeping his eyes upon
the man, then he flew. The man said if'he had not flown
he would hayce twisted his head off. Rather a conundrum.
The bird that singrs cuckoo
Is not the bird that lisps hoo! hoo
Upon the house or treoe topHe wan ts a chicken for his crop.
The incidents we passed made us often take a long
tete-a -tete, but inorning found us always ready again for
labor.




CHAPTER IX.
The first week passed without one solitary person cdlling
upon us until Sabbath day. Newell Tupper came over to see
us. He bad to cross the Thread river on flood wood and
fallen down trees, as the water had risen very high at this
time; and that call was pleasant to us.   How   so?
Look at it and think for a moment. Here we two are
placed in a lonesome position in a forest, no green thing
to look at, no birds to sing, no fowls to crow or feed:Dno
place to look through, no voice to hear only our own, and
time moves slowv seemingly.
Our method of obtaining fire when once out, was simple,
though somewhat difficult. Our simple little sticks that
we use now were not thought of at that lime. Then the
way was, take a piece of punk (a peculiar kind of rotten
wood), a piece of steel and a piece of flint, then striking
the flint with the steel and holding the piece of rotten
wood under them, so that the sparks can drop upon it until it takes fire. This is then applied to more rotten
wood, and by blowing and fixing together, it begins to
blaze. In the same manner the tobacco smoker had to
proceed to light his pipe, and had to carry the tools in his




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

25

pocket to have them ready for use; and the hunter had to
see that he had the fire works with him as much as his
powder. Then some one invented a machine similar to a
grind stone, the wheel made of steel-then turn the wheel
fast and hold the flint against it, then the wood, then the
fire is obtained. But their time has passed by. The Indian, when he smoked his pipe, used about as much rotten
wood as bacca, as he termed it.
About this time father Brainerd and P. Minor commenced to chop on their land. Father began next to me
with his hired man, and I chopped towards him. After a
few weeks we had made quite a large chopping, and the
brush heaps looked like an Indian city. Whilst this was
going on, at night wife and I would try to burn up some
of the brush piled near to the house.  We had a wooden
bowl sitting on the doorstep that we used for a wash
bowl. One night a wolf came along without making any
noise or asking permission and took it away.     Those
rogues sometimes got caught and punished. Their fine
which the State and county paid to the capturer, was
twelve dollars, and still the death of the wolf. See what
Josh Billings said of him (a mean cuss.) The wolf carried the bowl into the woods and set it down and left it.
We saw his tracks in the ashes around the house made by
burning brush heaps.  P. Minor commenced chopping on
his land on the opposite side of me from father, but farther off, so that our chopping did not come together for
years at this point, for building a house.
It now begins to look like spring. Father Brainerd had
got his house up, clapboarded and windows in, thinking
to move soon. There was a large brush heap close to my
house that I had fired several times, but it did not barn
up. My wife took a fire brand to it, and then we soon
discovered how large a fire a little fire kindleth. It corn
menced to burn, and in a short time it was buining
through both of our choppings, and we had all we could




26       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC,
do to keep the fire from burning father's house, and the
glass in the windows from breaking. It was a fiery scene.
to behold three acres of brush and timber on fire at once.
The flames ascended high, and a cloud of smoke was walled in by the standing timber on each side of the choppinz,
at night lighted up by the timbers in flames, some of the
trees being on fire on the topmost branches. But when
morning came, what a change to behold. The brush was
all gone and the timber mostly, the stumps standing firmly, and plenteously, too. Now our eyes could extend their
vision sixty rods and behold a house standing, built as it
were, in the night. Within a few days father moved into
his house, which made one neighbor in sight of us, and we
could hear the children sing or cry, as they felt disposed
to do. Our floor boards were green and narrow, so I did
not fasten them down; consequently they warped up and
sprung edgewise, so that about this time, when the wife
walked over this floor, it would clatter-the faster she
went the more noise it would make-and as the woman
would sing, too, the sound thereof might be heard, I won't
venture to guess how far.- Yet the deer seemed not to
fear, but would come out in sight and close to the house,
and eat potato peelings, which the wife had thrown there
to feed them, as we had nothing else to give them to.




CHAPTER X.
We having no tinmepiece, we had to depend upon the
gun.; so when I built my house, I ranged it 'by the north
star.. Consequently when the sun shone square with the
house it would be noon, and at sunset was night, and
morning at your own option'.
I now commence to roll a few logs together and to burn,
and pick up tbe refuse brush and chips, then set fire to
them, and so continued until a spot large enough was
cleared to raise a little stuff from. Next we stick stakes
for a-fence, and make calculations for a highway. It is
nice getting around (over the left.) Perhaps the -first step
or second your toe comes in contact with a small stub, and
maore likely than not you fall down, or certainly stumble.
You blunder along some ways and then catch your foot
in some brush or snags, which makes you go through the
same performance again, or more so. Our women had to
wear cowhide shoes, stout and heavy, for there was so
much kicking to do, and they would soon spoil on account
of the ashes on the land, and dirt and stubs; besides, once




~28      PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
in a while they were wanted to step on the head of' a massasaugar or rattlesnake about as thick as your wrist and as
long in proportion- On the 10th ot May, 1833, we set
about planting some potatoes, and a cool day. I made
paces and wife placed the potatoes in position, but the
trouble came in getting dirt to cover them. The ground
had not been loosened in any manner; it was as nature
had left it and the fire. I had not had a team on the
ground in clearing, or fencing, or dragging. That day we
found a black snake at the root of a large stump whilst we
were planting potatoes, which 1 killed, being five feet
long and close to the house. Before. night it began to
snow hard and covered the ground two inches deep. Just,
at this time John Remington and Peter Van Tifflin came
to our house from York State looking for land. They selected land almost joining to me, then went back for their
families. The following move was to build a log hen
house,. and next morning after getting three or four fowls,
we were saluted at the cock~ crowing, a thing never before
heard in these parts. Then along in June I started to get
a few sheep. After traveling sixty miles, I found a man
that would sell me a few to accommodate me at two dollars and a halt per head.' I purchased four, one of them
black.  My reasons for purchasing one black you will see
hereafter. After four days travel back and forth, I arrived at home with four sheep. Then I had to build a
house of logs, and strong, to secure them against wild animals, and to house them every night. At my arrival at
home, I found the woman had visited Mrs. Silas Smith,
who gave her a kitten, so we now began to feel as lords of
the fowl and brute. Our potatoes came up and grew
where they found earth to help them; but I can tell you
the sweat run down the face and back, and we felt the
full force of the Scripture injunctions. Strawberries began to ripen at this time, and by going two miles after
them, I and wife and father's children, and Minor and




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.        29
wife, we had good success in gathering the berries and
gathered a supply. Upon returning to my house, I proposed to them that I had better go out and kill a deer. I
took down my gun and started out bareheaded. Atter entering the woods I saw a nice deer standing on three feet,
ready to jump at any moment. I fired at him and hit him,-he ran a short distance and then fell down dead. They
heard the gun at the house, and came running to me,
women and children. We drew him out of the woods and
then we all took hold and held him up on his feet, and
held his head up to see how he looked standing. It was
the first one that I had killed and got.  Then I dressed
and divided him  Did not we then have a gay time over
our meat and berries. We had no cow as yet, so we had
no milk, but we could buy a little butter in the Perry settlement. Mr. Millard, of Stony Creek, delivered us flour
at five dollars a barrel, and drew it fifty miles, on new
and bad roads. Our pork was about all gone, so several
of us clubbed together and sent John Tupper to Detroit
for pork. He bought three barrels and returned with
them-one barrel had several heads of hogs in it, and in
another the pork was not as pleasant as we wished for, but
we divided it up equally among us. No remarks to be
made.




CIHAPTER XI.
So the summer passed off, and somne of the brush too.
The timber falls, but as yet we don't realize much from our
land-only a few things, in the garden.  I had the deer
fever, as it is called, and was getting better, so as to see
the gun and deer at the same time. I cut a hole through
the house about 6x8 inches, for the purpose of shooting
at deer through the hole. One day three deer came elose
to the house and were eating potato parings that had been
thrown out. I told my wife to look out at the door and
see them whilst I killed one. She did so, and by the time
she had her eye upon them, one of them fell down and
bleated hard, which caused her to turn from the sight. So
you see we used to slaughter in the country in an early
day, and when we wanted a chicken pie, I could kill a few
partridges in a short time and near by. Through the
winter deer tallow and coon oil made us light when the
moon did not. The oil or soft grease was burned in an
old saucer or some other small dish, by tying a small piece
of factory cloth around a button, then putting the part
the button was in down into the grease, and then setting
the upper end on fire. The name of this light was called
a slut.




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.          31
Mr. VanTifflin and J. Remington came on this fall with
their families. VanTifflin moved his family in with me in
my house, and stayed through the winter.  It filled our
house quite full, there being seven of them. In the spring
they moved into their own house, so by this time we began
to feel encouraged to have neighbors. This spring, after
planting some things, father and myseli started for Detroit
on foot, to purchase some cattle. Father bought a yoke
of oxen and one cow. I bought two cows. Oxen cost $60
and cows $28.   We started in the morning with them,
and as it was a wet time and very muddy, we waded right
through. At this time of the year the musquitos were too
numerous to mention. We had to carry a biush of leaves
and continually keep whipping them off-aiid after all
they would get hold of us somewhere.  The cattle were
literally covered with them, aind if we spat our hand upon
the creature, it would be covered with blood they had
drawn from them. Oh! poor cattle, such backbiters as
they were. After two days of travel we got home with
the cattle.
The musquito is a very miserable flyAlthough he whispers in your ear,
He is likely to tell you a bad lieAnd does not care if you do not hear;
He is sure to find and hunt you out,
And if he bites you he has not a single doubt.
That night our cows did not give us much milk. In order to milk them, we took some rotten wood and set it on
fire to make a smoke, and then we drove the cows into the
smoke and milked them.   The musquito dare not enter,
perhaps it rather suffocated him. This operation must be
followed all through summer. The cows soon learn the
benefit of the smoke to them and enter of thoir own accord. In the morning I put bells upon the cow's necks
and turned them out into the woods, and shut up the




32        PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
calves. The cows sauntered around some and 1ilooed for
their young, but don't eat but a little as yet.  Those 'two
bells, what muisic they made to our ears.  O ur sheep ran
in the woods days, and nights had to be yarded-th-e cons.
sequence, was that the brush hrad pulled out some of the ir
wool and made them liuk rough and they lost conaidmable
wool. I 'then 1 earned mor-e the, nature of sheep, tbty are
wonderful, attractive and kind. After the wool is prepared for- cardin., it had to be carried to Pontiac to be carded,
and ours being black and white U~ was kept in different
sacks, the black we used for socks, or made it gray by
puttirig in one black thread and one white togethtlr, and
thtei twisting them  together-the, white was foi- the
woman'ps wear. l then made her a grreat wheel to spin it
into yarn-the first one made in the county; the head we
brought with us. I had a turning lath~e made before this,
and had made a few chairs and bedsteads. When the wife.
-commtenced to spin, what music. the wheel makes, and
how cheerful she feels,-singing and walking Wick and
forth all day long.
H-ark! it is the sound otf the pioneer's lot,
And the voice of the wife. that is cheerfulAlthough it is woods all around our cot,
And the yarn is newv and strong and needful.
July 4th, 2833, was a notable day in the, wilds of Genesee County-not as the journeyings of the, ancient peoIple, but for an assembling of people to celebrate, the day
at the sound of the violin in a dance. One of my brothers,
Eli and lady, with six other gentlemen and ladies., met at
a house., or afterwards a tavern, in the now city corporation of Flint, near Thread Mills, known as the, old brew,ery house. It was enclosed and a. floor laid below and 'in
one room. In the coarse of:the evenig a tudrsoe
-came up. The flashes of lightning were6vrysharp,'thethunder heavy and the rain. plenteousf. Tefdle  a  ( ra
Dutchman, upon whom   the efetassc       thtehd




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

33

to stop playing, it put him out so.  One can see in this
some resemblance to the present style of July gatherings
to celebrate the fourth.  Music, flashes of lightning, the
burning of powder, the thunder, the report of cannon, the
rain we will add for the quenching of all animosities.
(This was the first fourth held in Genesee County,) and
on account of so much water and mud, and a six mile
long road, it required all day of the fifth to return to
Grumlaw again, and perhaps some rural speculation were
made on the way by some of the young party.
We had to send to Pontiac for all of our groceries, excepting a few articles. Soda, for cake, we made of cob
ashes. Our coffee we made out of burned bread, and tea
sometimes out of sage leaves steeped. Our sugar some of
us made; but ginger, we had to send to Pontiac for, and
found it equally mixed (before purchasing) with corn meal
and some other things in proportion.  When we sent our
wool to Pontiac to be carded we would all club together,
(I don't mean Grangers,) and send one man and team who
would do errands for all,-the next time another man
would take his turn-by this course many got posted concerning Pontiac. To illustrate: Two men at a time, report
said, got to quarreling and making threats in a certain
place, and one of them -said, "I will send you to Hell!"
The other said, "I will send you to Pontiac!"
We are still having our flour delivered to us at five dol
lars a barrel from Stony Creek by Mr. Millard.  Strawberries begin to ripen and I sauntered around not far from
my house to pick some. Soon I saw       two large black
snakes crawl into a hollow log. I dug them out, and behold there was three of them, one spotted milk snake and
the two black ones-I killed the three, and then peeled
some bark and tied them head and tail, and then drew
them to the house to let the wife see the wonderful snake.
The spotted one I placed in the middle, and the black
anes on each end, measuring in all fifteen feet four inches




34       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
in length--circumference, six inches. The story is not any
mixed, but the snakes were. I do not recollect her words
of surprise, but they were some. Ladies let me tell you
about a potato mince pie that my wife made about this
time. Some person had told her about it, and said it was
quite a substitute for apples, and she tried it.  Some one
may ask how did it answer as a substitute?  Our minds
are as follows:
The like I never saw beforeA potato mince pie to behold;
Nor I don't want to any more.
Piping hot or frozen cold.
It has a natural pie look,
As far as the eye can see,
But sorely disappoints the cookAnd it can't be eat for tea.
The receipt for making this pie,
If any one inquireth,
Has long since been laid by,Gone where the woodbine twineth.




CHAPTER XIII.
All through the summer season we had a great plenty
of wild fruit: strawberries, plums, whortleberries, blackberries, crabapples, cranberries, and nut's of many kinds. I
got a pig in the spring, and at this time he looks somewhat
like a hog. Our swine then and for years after, were wonderful beings, standing on four exceedingly long legs, a
head trimmed with ears long and wide, eyes very white,
and sharp nose and long, with tusks fearful to see, and
the hair mostly standing, leaning forward. They could
run or jump, or slide through a fence, and dig deep. They
could be seen standing almost upon their noses, digging
thistle roots, or something else, and at such times- I have
seen them perform wonders. After fattening them upon
acorns and some soft corn-then on entering the pen, knife
in hand, perhaps they would jump out and run and you
after them, yes, the dog too. Probably you might overtake them after one or two miles chase, and then it would
be venturesome to attack  them.   At this time they
would look terrible and savage. Having succeeded in




363      PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
capturing and returning with them, you find your patience
tried, and all of your calculations frustrated.
Haw, haw, he, he, he, yes, laugh outright,
To see th e pranks tbhey could performAfter eating all the acorns they could bite,
Don't make a shadow yet, after eating soft corn.
Our cows have to run in the woods for food, and we will
suppose it is time to drive them up to be milked. They
having bells upon their necks, you listen to hear the bell
in order to know what course to take-you can't hear
them; then put your ear to the side of the house.  Don't
hear anything of them-you lay your ear close to the
ground and 'Listen, yes, I hear them, but off at a distance.
Now, Sally, it is late, and if I don't come before dark, halloo often, or pound upon the house to make a noise, so
that I can find the way home; hut when I find the cows
and start them, they will come straight home. Many timps
I have been in the woods after dark for the cows, and not
knowing anything of where I was, only in the woods.
Every few mioments the brush would catch a foot and
throw you headlong to the ground.  Still you have not
found the cows, and soon you come upon the bank of
thread river and listen to find which way the stream runs,
then you know by following the water how to get home.
Sometimes the hair feels to rise upon your head. (What
did you see?) I thought---by and by I discover that the
objects which scared me so are the cows lying down quiet.
Rousing them up, they steer straight home,  Wife. says:
"What in the world has been the matter-could not you
find the cows? I have hallooed, and pounded, and am
almost frightened to death, for I have heard the wolves
howl over yonder to-night dreadfully. How afraid I was.--
I concluded I would not stay out so late again after that,
if possible. As I told you about the color of the cows,
black and white, I found in the dark I could see the white




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

37

one more readily, but the black one the musquitoes did not
bother as bad.  Our pumpkins are ripening and we want
pies, so we must have an oven, and to be built out of
doors, so here I will tell you how to construct a pioneer
oven. Make a pen of logs six teet square and two feet
high; then split some logs once for a floor, putting the flat
side up and close together; then put clay, softened a little,
one foot thick and pound it down flat, level and smooth;
then take some small split wood and pile it up in the
shape you want the inside of your oven, then place clay
upon it all over, except a place for the mouth or entrance,
and pound as before. Set up some flat piece to make the
front smooth, then burn out the wood and behold what a
nice oven you have. When you want to bake in it, you
put in the wood and heat it until it is hot enough to bake.
The rule is to hold your hand in long enough to count
twenty. Having cleared out all the fire and ashes by
sweeping it, then try the rule. If too hot, wait a few minutes-then put in on plates whatever you want to, having
something flat to close the opening tight, and set up a
stick against the door. Then watch occasionally and all
is right. (They, at this day, have gone west for locations.)




CHAPTER XIV.
Father Brainerd had no chimney in his house as yet, so
he and myself and P. Minor and N. Tupper joined and
made brick together for chimneys for our houses. The
chimney in fathers house is the same, with an oven built
in it, forty-five years past, and without repairing, being
almost in constant use. By this time, fall of 1833, we
had a spot cleared to set out an orchard upon. Father
started with a team to find some apple trees, if possible,
and after going almost to Detroit he found a small nursery
of trees, and they had been badly culled too  He finally
purchased the remaining ones, such as they were, and
came home with them. Now for dividing them.       Mother's plea was, that she was old, and wanted the privilege
of making a choice out of them first, which was granted
to her of course. Then father, then mine, and so on alternately between father and me. Then to pay transportation on mine one of my neighbors offered to buy of ume
enough to pay the transportation on mine, by letting him
pick from mine to the amount of transportation. Now
for setting them out, we commenced about so far from the
road, and about so far apart, systematically. The first
row came all right, by digging up some small stumps; then
the next part way-then we came to a large oak stump
and had to set the tree one side out of range, and so on
often, and they remain so yet.. The ground had not so
much as been plowed, to loosen it, but can't wait for all
that. We begin to talk relative to building a school
house. Of course there is not any objection to an enterprise so needed for the children, although there were not
many children at that time, nor many families. I had no
children at this time, but the future is to be looked after.
After talking over the matter of building a house, it was
iecided to build.  The site was selected on what was
mupposed to some day be four corners of roads, crossing




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.            39
each other, and there was a spring of water near by. So
we concluded to build a nice log house, by hewing timber
square and laying them up close together and making the
walls and corners plumb, and shingling it with red oak
shingles, with a good strong battened door, and five windows. The desks were made back against the walls and
the seats in front.  We sent to Detroit for a large box
stove to put in it, and here it stands, right in the woods,
without any tower, or a place for a bell. I paid one-third
of the cost of building. It was not built by a tax, but by
benevolence. It was for a church, too, and there the
heart of man has been made to rejoice. There was a small
pond or low wet place, in the spring of the year, and the
water would stand a part. cf the summer, and near the
school house the frogs would be very noisy, and sometimes
disturb the pleasure of the school Miss, when she would
tell the A. B. C. class they might go out for a recess
and plague the frogs. That would please them muchand that was all they wanted, lierty-and so in fact it is
with older ones. Then how they would spatter them. If
the frogs had learned to talk perhaps they would have said:
"Children, it may be fun to you, but death to us."  The
turnpike was made now to the Flint -a nice road--but it
is very soft, being newly made, and the work is progressing towards Saginaw. Young people, do you ever think
of the contrast of the privileges you have, aid those possessed by the young folks from twenty-five to forty-two
years back. In schools, look at the children and see them
engaged in Webster's spelling book, a Preceptor or the
New Testament, writing and arithmetic-and if you understood them partially, you were a pretty good scholarif you had to walk one or two m",es through deep mud or
snow, and get your feet wet or cold, what then. In the
summer season they would go barefoot, consequently they
would have dry feet-and in the winter, wear woolen
stockings and cowhide shoes or boots, as the case may be.




40        PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
The old saying was that if you wore woolen it was dry and
warm if it was wet-and many who wore them are alive
yet. And so it was with the Sunday schools and meetings; but those days seemed pleasant after all.
Farewell to those days, they are all past;
They seem as shadows, to us that are leftFor all things will have an end at last,
Excepting the rock that has been cleft.
I will here introduce the Indians and some of their traditions and habits. There was a hole dug and stoned up,
about four feet deep and two teet across it, one mile from
my place on the bank of Thread river. Report has it that
in 1812 the Indians took a white man prisoner at Detroit,
and brought him out here and dug and stoned up this hole
and then placed the man in it and burned him. The
stones show the effects of fire. I have been at the place
often. It could not have been dug for a well for it was on
the bank of the river, and the Indians never take the
trouble to dig for water. At about the same time some
Indians were on their way to Detroit to engage in war.
When about half way to Pontiac from Grumlaw, one of
the Indians, from some cause, would not consent to fight
on either side. Of course such an Indian can't live.  He
was shot while standing; he reeled and staggered back.
wards, then struck on his left hip and shoulder.  After
that every Indian had to go through the same performance, to teach them what the effect would be of disobedience. The Indian in falling made nine tracks, then fell,
which was called the Indian "nine-tracks."  I have been
on the trail several times and tried to go through the performance for the novelty of the thing. The trail was very
plain, being worn quite deep, and so were the "nine-tracks"
and the place of the hip and shoulder, as he staggered and
fell outside of the trail, and they were plain to be seen in
1834.




CHAPTER XV.
Canada gave every male Indian, old or young, at this
time, -fifty cents in silver yearly as a bounty.  One day I
counted one hundred and twenty-five Indians and squaws
on their way to Maiden, in Canada, for their fifty cents.
Some of' them came as far as Mackinaw. It was in the
month of July, and it was a hot or warm day-one young
squaw had a papoose about three weeks old, laid upon a
newly peeled piece of bark, upon its back, bareheaded and
almost;'in a nude state, with the sun shining down upon it,
and the bark laying upon her arms in front of her.  The
child tnould not be carried any other way, being so young,
(for the fifty cents). On their return back to 0-rumalaw,
(now Grand Blanc,) they wotdld spend about all with Ru-.
fus Stevens for whiskey, as he kept Indian goods. To catch
their half dollars he sold them whiskey for fifty cents per
gallon. Then they would have a time, you may be assured. They would appoint one of their number to take
charge of their guns and knives and hatchets, and that
one must niot taste of the liquor, but secrete the weapons.
They would commence to drink, and soon they would get
noisy, and such antics they would perform, and some fight.




42       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC,
After two or three days Stevens would begin to water the
whiskey he let them have, and so on by degrees they became sober. Stevens said there was no other way to get
rid of them. By this time they would be hungry.  Then
they would go pillaging around the lots for something to
eat, and perhaps call at your house too. Mr. Stevens
used to charge them fifty cents for a gun flint that cost one
penny, or take half of a tanned deer skin for it, and other
things in proportion in his charges with them.  At other
times the squaws would call upon us to sell berries or venison or baskets in exchange for something to eat. In their
words for potatoes, "opin;" for corn, "dormin;" for flour,
"noupenee;" or bread, "quasagun," and so on. Whatever
they had to exchange, they wanted the same measure back
as they gave. They would bring us a bushel of cranberries and swap for a bushel of potatoes. After a while the
Indian traders told them to come to them and sell them,
for we would cheat them. You might tell an Indian to
give you a name for them to call you by, and they would
all soon know it from him. At one of these drunken frolics an Indian killed his squaw.  The Indian said "kinnaboo" squaw with a stone. He took the stone in one hand
and pounded her upon the top of her head. His pretense
was jealousy for doing so. He then dug a hole about two
feet deep, laid her down in the hole just as she died, and
covered her up. The penalty for killing a squaw among
the Indians was five gallons of whiskey for all to drink.
There is no word in the Indian language for whiskey, so
they use the Yankee work "whisk."  I and some of my
neighbors were going through a piece of woods to a raising, when we heard the report ot a gun, and soon came up
to an Indian who was very happy-he had killed two deer
at one shot. He explained to us the position they were in
when he shot, as they were lying about ten rods apart
when we saw them dead. He said they were both running,




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.        43
one east and the other west, and as they passed each other
and in range, he fired and killed both dead. Of course it
was a chance shot. After talking with him a few minutes
he started to his wigwam to send the squaws to drag them
into camp-he had done his part in killing them. My
sister's son, a small child, had been lately burned by hot
water, and he was taking on bitterly. About this time a
squaw came in and asked what ailed the child. My sister
told her he was burnt. She wanted to know if by fire or
rather (csquota or nabish") or water. She then called for
my (waugauquet) or ax. We did not understand all she
said-she told her boy to go, and handed him the ax-he
soon returned with some black cherry bark, when she took
the meat part and chewed it until it become a gum, which
she spread on the burn and its effect was wonderful. The
child quickly became quiet and soon was well.  The women thought one good turn deserved another, so they
loaded them up with something to eat. I do not know
what the squaw would have applied if the child had been
burnt with fire.




CHAPTER XVI.
I have tried hunting with the Indians, but could not do
anything with him-he will walk fast, and if you try to
keep up with him you will break all the brush and sticks
you step on, and make so much -noise you scare all the,
game away. If you complain, he will laugh at you, and
they are practiced so that they will take the advantage of
the animals, and catcha him. I never knew of their killing
a wolf. Tradition says the reason is because they live on
deer meat and have to hunt for a living. I suppose the
reason is, they don't get any bounty for killing them, and
their meat is not good to eat, nor the hide of any account
to them. I don't remember ot ever seeing the young Indians wrestle or scuffle for amusement.  They have a different turn-it is the bow and arrow, mostly.  When the
Indians raised corn they would select a sandy, dry place,
and bury their corn to keep it, having no other place prepared for it. Some may like to know how they ground
their corn in those days. They would cut down a tree
about one foot through, then burn a bole down into the
stump about one foot and a half deep-then make a heavy
pestle and pound the corn in the stump.  Some boy may




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.           45
ask how did they pore out the corn after it was poundod.
Can you think how many ways they had to cook their
meal?    After it was pounded, they had no milk nor butter to eat with it, but they used other meals and gravies,
which might surprise you to see it.
The Indian was a terror to children great and smallHis appearance and hi? name is very disgusting to all;
And should he die, and be buried iin plain sight,
None would like to pass the place anytime of night.
This summer Mr. Horton built himself a barn and came
to Grumlaw to get help to raise it.  He had herd about
our temperance raisings out here, and that was what he
wanted to do. So we rigged up two wagons in 'the neighborhood and started, having to go eight miles on the road
towards Pontiac through woods mostly, and bad roads
too. We helped him raise his barn and returned the same
day-and it was raised without whiskey.   So it was said
there was another temperance raising in another vicinity.
Did we not exult over our victory, well knowing that none
were harmed on either side.  The temperance man had to
contend against the disgusting influence that strong drink
brings upon man even in the woods, and some of the old
pioneers said to Mr. Alcohol, "stand back!" and others
have lain in the ditch by being too free with it. I.was
called upon many times to show people lands for homes. I
would find out if they wanted it to settle upon soon or
not, before going with them to look. If they wanted it
to speculate upon, I did not know of any such lands in the
county. By so doing the county was settled very fastand I have spent many days in looking up homes for people in the township of Grand Blanc, (then Grumlaw.)
After this we began to feel like living among civilized peo
ple, and we would turn to and help cut out a road with
them so that they might get in to their homes in the
woods among the difficulties that presented themselves.




46       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
When the women wanted to maie calls on their neighbors, some of the men must accompany them, to keep
them from  harm  or danger.   In looking back to those
days, something like this would be common. Perhaps
your wife wishes to visit Mrs.   's family to-day, and
she asks you to go with her, and the wish is reasonable,
too, for she has stayed at home for weeks and seen no person in the time but her own family.  You begin to make
excuses. Why, it is three miles there, and if I go I shall
have to stay until you return, for it will be so far for me
to walk back and forth, and I am in a considerable of a
hurry, my work is such-and it rained hard a day or two
ago, the way is under water and you will have to walk on
logs in many places, and it is a very warm day, and I
don't know but what there will be a thunder shower today, and those old cowhide shoes of yours will hurt your
feet badly, too-and the musquitoes will bite the baby
badly, for you will have to take it along, too.  You look
at the wife, and see disappointment depicted on her face,
and your hospitality returns measurably, and you ask her
about how long before she will be ready. Her answer,
perhaps, is if your business is such a disappointment to
you, she won't choose to go, but your mind is "we will go"
and see how they get along in their new house. Come.
baby, wake up and be cheerful.




CHAPTER XVII.
We. left (if with some description of the usual preliminaries to a visit to a neighbors, and will now give a short
sketch of the customnary experience durinu the journey. I,shoulder the. child and we start for the neighbor's house.
After a few minutes travel, the woman shrieks out-she
has caught a brush in her face and hair, which made a
scratch upon her face, and the blood runs a little. The
next thing, I catch my foot in some brush and come near
f'alling headlong, baby and. all.  Another scream and run
-0! what a large, snake it is-a massasaugar.  Take the
child and let me kill it.  A little farther on  we are
stopped by a pond of water--we go around it and pass on.
The journey is diversified, by listening to the little birds in
their songs, brushing off the musquitoes, and scaring out
the little rabbits from under the logs. I see the housetake courage, we have gained the haven.  When we got
there, the women had not got to making clothing out of
fig leaves yet, but were found altering over some old
clothes for future use. I say nothing of their conversation
at this time [ ut leave you to judge at such a time, it was
a pleasant day -ha,-d no shower, and all pasged off pleasant.  At last I suggested it was time for us to return
home again, for the cows were in the woods and would
have to be looked up to be milked.  After surmounting
many difficulties we got home and found the cows at home
already Fefore us, the musquitoes had driven them in and
they were waiting for us to build a smoke f or them to
stah~d in, to disappoinVth'3,_: backbiting creatures.  Sometimes things work for good to those that have. been visiting, and sleep is good for the weary.




CHAPTER XVIII.
This fall I purchased some pieces of leather and concluded to make myself a pair of lace shoes, not daring to
make boots. So I took my leather to Mr. Williams, to
have my shoes cut out, as he had worked at such work a
little, and had some patterns to work by.  I made me a
last, or something like one, and then commenced work.
The tools that I had to work with were very rude, and so
were the shoes, although they did good service to me.
At about this time, as I sat by reading in the house, I
heard my dog bark. I stepped to the door and I saw a
deer coming out of the woods. I took a chair and set
down in the door with my gun, prepared for a reception of
the deer. As he came up near the door I shot and killed
him. (Meat is good.) In the spring of 1833, on the first
Monday in Anmil, we held the first township meeting, at
the cent re of the town of Grand Blanc, at the house of
Rufus Stevens, and at this time named the town from one
of the first settlers by resolution of J. R. Smith. The
resolution was that the land was good and could not be
beat, and but a few inhabitants for so large a tract of
land-therefore
RESOLVED, That we call the township Grand Blanc.
(Carried.)
Norman Davison was appointed Supervisor of [now Atlas]; Jeremiah R. Smith, Township Clerk of Grand Blanc;
Lyman Stow, now City of Fblint, Rufus Stevens of Grand
Blanc and Charles Butler of Grand Blanc, Assessors; John
Todd, of now Flint City, and Jonathan Dayton and Edmond Perry of Grand Blanc, Commissioners of Highways;




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.            49
and for Overseers of Highways, District No. 1, George 01 -iver, of Flint City; No. 2, Jonathan Davison, of Grand
Blanc; No. 3, Norman Davison of [now Atlas]; No. 4, Ira
Dayton of Grand Blanc-making in all four districts, extending to Saginaw to Fenton, Lapeer and Pontiac. Then
our commissioners commenced to lay out roads. The
United States road then was established from this road so
as to intersect located sections around.  The commissioners would start at a given point, for instance, and make
for Fenton, then Shiawassee, or Atlas, through Grand
Blanc. The turnpike was the guide for all of its tributaries of roads, as it then passed directly for Detroit. At
this time the only way for these parts and even to Sagiijaw from this point. At this town election one incident
rather amusing   occurred. After the election was all
through, one of the citizens being fired by the result of
the day, and a good portion of whiskey, wishing to bid us
all good day, mounted his horse's back and rode upon the
stoop floor, to bid us good-bye-the floor gave way and
precipitated both horse and rider into the cellar, as the
cellar extended under that portion.
RESOLVED, That this meeting extend a helping hand to
Nathaniel Ladd.
All these, withall adventures, helps to cheer the path of
the pioneer;
At the time it was laughable to those that were hereFor the descent was quick, and rather novel to be sureBut to ascend was quite different-there is nothing truer.
Julv 8, 1833, we held another election for Delegates to
Congress, for the County of oakland.   Austin E. Wing
received 42 votes, William Trowbridge one vote, Lucius
Lyon received 12 votes. For Members of the Legislature,
Thomas I. Drake received 51 votes.    [These figures are
taken from our town records.]    Grand Blanc bears off
the palm of all the towns in the County for her first town
meeting and County officers ot the day.




CHAPTER XIX.
In 1834, this spring, at town meeting, Norman Davison
of Atlas was appointed to the office of Magistrate, for
Grand Blanc. Something new with us as a neighborhood
is to take place-Mr. Davison,    of Atlas, is  called
upon to make two one, the happy couple being Mr. Amasa
Short and Miss Sally Reid, all of Grand Blanc. A general invitation was extended to us all in the vicinity of
the parties, to attend, and soon after the bride sickened
and died, and Mr. Short has long since gone to the gold
diggings. Mr. Short worked in 1833 for father Brainerd,
longenough to amount to one hundred dollars. Then he
took his money and bought eighty acres of land one-half
mile from mine,-then was married and went to work on
his place, until she died. While Mr. Short was living
with father he made a resolution to not chew any more tobacco, and he succeeded in quitting; he had a struggle
with habit, too-he placed his tobacco in his box, then in
his pocket, and then said, "Mr. Short, don't you use any
more." Sometimes he almost forgot and would open his
box for a chew of tobacco--then he thought of his resolution, and he would then place them back again in his
pocket, but he finally succeeded and tobacco was left out
of his expenses. In the course of this winter he was
chopping around his shanty, as we termed many small
buildings at these times, and the deer would come in the




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.          51
evening around to browse from the timber he had chopped
down, and as he had no gun I told him to keep in and be
still some morning until I could come down and shoot
some of them. One morning when I went down, according to arrangement, there were three deer in the chopping
browsing. I made up towards them, and then fired. The
one that I shot made off into the woods fast, the other two
not being hurt, and not knowing which way to run, stood
still and looked. I saw their movements. I dropped
down flat upon the snow among the logs, and loaded my
gun and hurriedly fired. This time they ran for the woods
and Mr. Short and wife came out to see what my success
was. We soon found by the flow of blood that I had
wounded both of them. I told Mr. Short to follow one and
I would the other, as they ran different directions. He came
up to the deer dead about noon, and I had to follow longer and shoot him again. Now comes in the hunter's luck.
Perhaps you are three to four miles from home and a good
sized deer to drag, among logs and brush. Towards night
you arrive home with your game, nearly tired out, and as
you started before eating anything, you may say ten
chances to one, "Wife, I am hungry enough to eat a raw
dog." I am sure the hunters can appreciate this account.
But after all, the deer hunter is like a boy that went fishing and nothing caught, but the next day he was ready to
go again. People in those days used wild meat, and in
fact wild honey-and they were quite plenty. Cast an
eye back-it seems as if God had made these provisions
for man while he is clearing the earth to raise his food.
This winter I commence preparations for making maple
sugar, by making pails to gather in, and tubs to catch the
sap in, and tubs to store it in. I sent to Detroit for two
iron kettles holding five pails apiece, and paid five dollars
for the kettles in Detroit. My trees were about half a
mile from the house, all in the w ods. The trees had been
cut for fourteen years then by the Indians to make sugar.




52       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
Many of their barks and troughs are to be seen. The last
of February I commenced the sugar business.   I tapped
two hundred trees, and caught the sap as it ran into tubs
in the after part of the day, with two pails and a sap yoke
upon the neck and shoulders, with strings attached to hold
up the pails. Then I go from  tree to tree and gather the
sai- and then carry it to the place to boil it-some distant
forty rods, and perhaps the snow is one foot deep and soft
and wet. The bottom of your pants are very wet, and i
your feet get entangled in brush or stumble, you in all
probability spill the sap all over you  Here I am in the
woods alone-others have sons to help them-and night is
coming on, so I fill up the kettles with sap, build up a fire
and leave them to boil.  In hastening home, perhaps the
mind fancies that some wild animal is after one (yes, the
hat stays on, but high trom the top of the head, seemingly) and after getting in and seated, and wet feet, and undressed, report is made to the wife about the prospects of
soon having sugar. Of course one is tired, and soon to
sleep, and then begin t ) dream. I would dream the Indians would come after I left the bush and boil all night,
and in the morning carry it away with them. After waking up, one almost believes it to be so, but going to see I
find all right, and boiled down to molasses--and now children call for bread and molasses, or bread and sweetened
water, with the bread crummed in-in this way the farmer can make for the family many a dainty bit, and it assists
the cook in making changes.




CHAPTER XX.
This year has been a year of pain and sorrow for the pioneer in these parts of Michigan  For some cause, sickness has prevailed, and as a matter of course some have.
died, and the season has been unfavorable for crops.  Immigration is greater and food is scarcer and many have to
live close, and times are said to be harder. No wonder people felt discouraged about their prospects for life. The
spring seemed to be very backward. Those that had land
cleared for a crop could not get it in the ground until late.
1834-Emigration had become so great of late among us,
that it settled our parts of the town fast. In consequence.
quite a good many log houses had to be built, and the -cutting down of timber and cleaiing it away seemed as though.,
it caused a good dehl of sickness, and the houses made of
green logs-in the course of the summer the sap in. the
timber soured and smelt offensive in hot days-I think
caused a great deal of sickness such as fever and ague and
chill fever, and a number died of fever this fall. There
were hardly well ones enough to take care of thesick. Those
days were truly discouraging to us all, for it seemed that
nature must suffer, and this summer was the trying time
to us surely. In passing from house to house at each you
find one or more sick, and many of them without the comforts of life, seemingly. Godin his mercy to me spared in
health so that I in duty to my fellow neighbors had to
attend to them, which was a trying task, almost night and
day, in assisting for their comfort, encouraging them to
look for better days and trying to make their pillows easier
for their sick  heads -and those whose prospects were
short for life, by helping to look away to one that had
promised all such as would come to him eternal life. One
younfg man and his wife died-the man in the morning
and the woman in the evening of the same day-they left




54

PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

no family. I was with them and closed their eyes in
death. It was a heart-rending time to witness the dying
struggles of them. I had told Mr. Beebe the day before
that I was afraid that he would be no Ietter, and if his
prospects or his mind was that he would be happy after
death, as his views were before this, all would be well after
death. He being brought to death's door began to alarm
him so that he began to look at the subject seriously.
Some hours before his breath left him, he would exclaim,
"I caniot die, I won't die, I don't want to die," and left
unreconciled, as far as man can tell.  Mrs. Beebe about
this time had a stroke of paralysis, and she said "All is
well after death"-that being her views then.  I had to
leave and go home, after praying with them, and left an
uncle and two women to take care of them.   When I returned again towards night, I found Mrs. Bebee speechless
and one side of her paralysed. I went to her bedside and
asked her how she was. She took my hand and placed it
upon her heart-that was all the answer she gave me. It
was on my mind that the heart was not right in the sight
of God, although it might have been otherwise.   But in
the course of the winter they all got better, the fever and
ague was present to this summer, and I have such an antipathy against it that I can not speak one word in its favor, but still it would find you, and as punctual as the
day, too. Its greetings-it shakes you as no man could;
your teeth fairly chatter, and you want to take hold of the
pillars of the building for support. After the salutation
is over it sets you into suc.h a fever that you might truly
say: 'I am in a warm place;" it makes my head and back
ache hard, and you cry for more water; but the next day
it returns again und seems as glad as ever to see you, and
continues sometimes for six months, before leaving you.
0! what does the poor pioneer have. to suffer, some more
than others, at this day of writing-you are prepared to
give it a bitter pill, which causes it to leave soon.




CHAPTER XXI.
This season our wheat crop was poor, and smutty, as it
was termed, and but a little straw to feed the cattle, and
our corn was badly frosted, (or frost bitten.) We had to
go two, three, and four miles to cut hay in the marshes.
When you get there, you have to wade some in water and on
bogs, and swing your scythe so as to follow the surface,
and as you are, a. creeping along the best you can,-hark!
jingle, jingle,-"O! I see you!" a rattlesnake.  You look,
and perhaps run for fear of him. After going several rods
you may find a stick to kill him with.  Let me here?ay
that our hogs in these days would run them down and kill
them to eat. A few years after they were tew and scattering. After cutting down the grass you had to back it
to higher grounds to dry, then two men take long poles
and carry the hay to a safe place to stack it; then in the
winter take your oxen and sled and draw it in to feed your
cattle-its surname was massasaugar hay. Feed your
cattle all you would, and soft frost-bitten corn, and chop
down timber for them  to browse upon, and have them
seemingly eating all the time. 'Then in the spring ask the
pioneer how his cattle are getting along; they are so reduced
in flesh and weak that I have to help them up, and some




556      PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
of' the heaviest I have to gret help to gret them up. Oh!
how is yours?   "Ditto,-and   in our neighborhood we
changwo~p vrk and go froma house to house to help themn
up."  Then, after the grass grows in the spring, they are
so feeble that they can't hardly get, to the grass.  Then,
in June, th-e lqrge flies, come around called Pontiacer shorrible, to bite cattle-less in size than a humming bird,
(boys are always asking questions. One says: -'Where dlid
these. flies comne frorn?")  1 answ-er that they were plenty
in Pontiac niany years since, and somne rude boys one day
caught one and stuck a stalk of' herdI's grass through its
body, tied a slip ol paper to it and wrote on the paper
"Pontiac," and ihen. let hirn go.. He soared high and
made for Genesce. Report is, tha-t he wa 's caught in
Grand Blanc with those fixtures attached-thus the name.
Then later iin the, season those flies are, so bad to the cattit, that thty are obliged to stand in the rivers to keep
fromn the flies, they bother- them so bad.  I and wife were
out in our patch of corn trying to find some. soft corn to
cook, all at once we heard boys and men hollering alid
hooting, which frightened rlite womnan and startled the
man too, well knowing it was on the account of' some wild
animal. We hastened for the house, and on our way we
found that they had treed a large beair, not but a few rods
from my house, right in sight. A wildt bear up a tree.a
short distance fromn the grround, with his head downwards,
his eyes glaring at you. I took muy gun and my nearest
neighbor his. We walked up to the tree and took aim at
his eyes and both fired at one time, and down came the
bear perfectly harml-ess, with two ball holes in his head.
Then the. boys and men exulted over his downfall.  T his
fall I built a shop to work in nights and stormy weather
I had blackwalnut lumber sawed, and as I had a turning
Lthe I had plenty of calls for work. Some wanted a
table moade, others chairs, another a bedstead, or a pail or
churn. Mr.       - said, "can't you make me a pork bar



PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

57

rel?"  I will try, etc.  In visiting some of my old neig hbor's houses, I discover some of the old relics that I made
at this time. At this time, my shop seemed to be the depot of wants, for rakes, (things too numerous to mention,
as the bill of notice said.)  It was favorable to me for the
privilege of making those things, as I had no team of my
own at this time, so I could have team work in exchange
for my work, and at the first call.
1835.-Some new features this year again in the township and now Genesee County.     This spring is more favorable fo r crops, than the last past.  You can hear the
sound of the driver of oxen that is preparing the ground
for crops; many different sections scattered around in the
woods seemingly. This spring, Mr. Alexander built a temporary frame for a carding machine, and a dam on Thread
river, so rustic, that if you chose to laugh at it, it was
not considered a sin in you for doing so; then purchased a
second-hand carding machine which made pretty good
rolls to spin, which saved us a jaunt to Pontiac. As it was
built entire in the woods, you had no difficulty to find a
hitching post for your team. More difficult in. room to
turn your team around, and as it is warm weather at this
time, and perhaps you want to wait for a portion of your
rolls, your team can stand in the shade. And as Mr. Alexander had a family to support, we could pay mostly in
produce for carding, which was better again to us than
having to pay money.    None but an old pioneer can appreciate the results of such rude and unseemly blessings
to the thankful, and happy recipients; but some few of
the notable farmers begin to make some woolen cloth,
which had to be sent to Pontiac to be dressed.




CHAPTER XXII.
Wool carding done at the Alexander carding machine;
All being new, nothing said about it being washed clean.
The woman's instructions are: "Tell Mr. Alexander, please,
Make me good rolls as you can, it will my mind ease."
"I will if you grease the wool, so and so, and be sure
Your rolls shall be nice and can't be beat-nothing truerAnd your mind is at rest, when you see that they are--
They were made at the carding mills, No 1, ot J. F. Alexander.
Mr. Nobles came into Grand Blanc and started the
wagon and repairing business, and Abel Shaw the blacksmith business, also. Mr. Nobles made the woodwork to
a lumber wagon complete, and Mr. Shaw did the iron
work on it-the first in Genesee County. They had to
send to Detroit for the iron; not a screw was put to it but
was made by hand.    We have raised some winter and
spring wheat. After getting ripe we take the cradle and
commence to cut it down, and the raker and binder commences pretty soon and begins to complain, as you cut
down so many fire weeds or bull thistles for him to pick
out before binding, or you strike a stump and your grain
goes to random. Some of the old men prefer tj.reap it as
it is termed, by a sickle, taken in one hand and the grain
in the other to be cut off, and then lain in a bundle.
When it is thrashed it is placed on a temporary floor, if
you have no barn, then pounded out by hand, or place
cattle upon it to tread it out, then hold up the chaff and




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

59

wheat, sifting it down in the wind to clean it up. At this
time there was not much foul stuff in the wheat to get. out
of it. The worst of all, the wheat is very smutty, and to
get, it out it has-to be washed, as the mills have no smut machine yet to clean it out. Do you ask what effect does
the smut have upon the flour after grinding it with the
wheat?   It is no wonder our women folks feel a little out
to have such flour to use. when expecting company and
wanting to have things all right, of course; but this was
a general complaint, so that each sympathizes with the
other about cooking. there being no helu) for it.  We had
to be satisfied with bread dark and tough, ol rawish taste,
and otherwise disagreeable. Some would wash their
wheat a little for the purpose of making cakes for theu table. One of my neighbors, a young man, said he had eaten so much smutty flour that it had poisoned him he was
sure, and he intended to go back to York State, and he
did go. About this time it was with us as it is said it was
with the Dutchman's boy, when he said, "Here we arethey are there," but being anxious to see better days or
times, continue to drive the woods farther back by using
fire and the ax.
In October, 1834, a family by the name of Reid, from
York State, moved in to Grand Blanc, and in with one of
their daughters, within half a half mile from my place,
who had been married the fall before. On their way
here they were exposed to the cholera, and soon after getting here, they were all sick with it.  Oh! what a time it
was, here in the woods, with but a few inhabitants, and so
many sick and of such a nature, too.  Soon the daughter
was taken down, which made four of them sick in one
house at a time. We neighbors, women a'nd men, had to
take turns to take care of the sick, it being of such a nature-it was of fear and of heart-feelings and sorrow that
none but the eye witness can portray.  When we were
away it was a dread to think of returning again. The




60       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
women said: "Oh! how can I return to that sorrowful
place again."  But as the time arrives to go. all fear is
gone, and duty prevails over all to go to the place
of sorrow without a murmur. Soon the mother died, and
ali we could do for her was to roll her up in a cloth, make
a rough box and put her in immediately, and nail down
the lid, then start with it for to bury, without any ceremony, and a few men to bury her-the body being in such a
disgusting condition, and disagreeable, and danger of falling to pieces immediately after death. The next victim to
death was the son, the box being prepared before handand as soon as he was pronounced dead, he was put into
the box and carried away to the grave ant burried.  The
father seemed to get better. Oh! alasl a sorrowful episode followed these sad events. One of our near and respected neighbors, a daughter of the father and mother
which moved into their house and sickened and diedMrs. Short. She was taken sick of the same complaint,
and was very low when her mother died.  She was in the
prime of life, and bid fair for a long life-but nature that
is so often exposed to all the ills of life, has to yield, and
pass away, leaving friends with broken hearts and neighbors sorrowful, and lamenting their company's loss.  We
had anticipated so much on future association together,
we had almost forgotten that sickness and death could find
the pioneer. Mrs. Short soon died, and oh! what a time
followed. It is a heart-rending scene yet to some of us,
that were present at this time.  A few of the neighboring men came in and took a sheet and bound her up tight,
having the box ready-made, placed her in it and nailed
down the lid. She had no roses placed upon her, not even
her disheveled hair cared for, not but a few to look upon
her face, which was once beautiful and comely, but now
by death and disease horrid and disgusting-the husband
the only principal to shed tears. As it being in the forepart of the evening, and having to go one and a half miles




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.           61
to bury her, mostly all through woods, we took some barks
to make torch a light, set them on fire, and then took up
the box and started for the place of burial, without mourners or preacher-but kind neighbors. In writing this, it
brings back those pioneer trials afresh to our minds. Soon
after the father relapsed and died, also, and now their
bones have been removed and buried in the Evergreen
Cemetery in Grand Blanc, having a monument to their
memory erected, and in as pleasant a location as there is
in the yard.
Reader, come with me, and let us pause. and look,
And see one of our neighbor's wife assisting sick friends;
The neighbors have fears and almost them all forsook
Her abode-but the pioneer he does faithfully attend.
And, after all, must she go along with her mother,
Having to fall a sacrifice to death by her faithful care
Over her beloved friends, father, mother, and dear brother;
God calls on us under many ways, this life to depart
and be there.
The first white woman that died in Genesee County was
Mrs. Esther Green, wife of Archibald Green, daughter of
John Tupper of Grand Blanc. She died on the bank of
Flint River, near the Baptist church in the City of Flint,
1830. Her bones have been removed to the Evergreen
Cemetery in Grand Blanc. She had one brother out here
with her and husband, when she was sick.  Her brother,
Olden Tupper, started for Pontiac for a doctor, on foot,
and when he got to what is called Springfield, his feet became tlistered and sore, so he thought he would wash his
feet and cool them in the water-the effect was that it
made him lame and he could walk no farther-so he got a
man to go for the doctor, he going on horseback.  When
the doctor got to the sick bed, Mrs. Green was dead, and
Mr. 0. Tupper had not got back yet. Mr. Winchel, of




62

PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

Grand Blanc, made the coffin. It was made out of green
pine boards, with the ends dovetailed together.  She was
brought to Grand Blanc and buried on her father's land in
the woods.   In the good old days of Michigan there was
not any money to speak of floating around from hand to
hand. When a householder wanted meal, he scraped half
a dozen coon skins together and then made a trade. If
he wanted meat, he killed it, and if there was any need of
whiskey, it was a very poor mau who could not find a
"wild cat bill," or a bogus half dollar, perhaps, down in
in his pantaloons pocket-to illustrate the times.
One day a circuit preacher, hunting for a place in which
to speak to the dozen or twenty settlers in Oakland county and Genesee, halted at a forlorn looking cabin beside
the trail, and asked for dinner. The squatter's wife extended a very cordial welcome and said: "It is lucky you
came along to-day, as I have got a new bag of meal and
lots of sassafras for coffee, and some of the best coon mutton you ever tasted of-you may go down to the ditch yonder and wash up, and I will have dinner ready in ten minutes." When the preacher returned, he began lamenting
the hard times, and the fant that he had not seen the sight
of money for several weeks. He said he was cheerfully
trying to do good, but he frankly confessed that he could
do much better if he could now and then hear the jingle
of money in his trousers pocket.    The woman looked
wise, but made no reply, and by and by the good man resumed his journey, he occasionally letting his horse pick
grass on the way, along the trail. When about three
miles distant, the man belonging to the house where he
had dined, overtook the preacher. He had a coon skin
cap on and hickory shirt and leggings. When he came up
he hasked, "Are you the traveling bible, who halted back
there for dinner, and ate up a whole coon?"  "I halted
back there and eat more or less of a big hunk of delicious
meat."




CHAPTER XXIII.
The spring of 1835 we conclude to sow some flax seedthe seed was obtained in Detroit-when in bloom is a fine
color. It looks like the blue water of the sea, and as the
Yankee is slurring some one, on this occasion, he said
"Two Irishmen at one time passing a fipld of flax in full
bloom, one said to the other, '0! see, here is a small sea,
let us go in swimming.' It was agreed to, and they got
upon the fence and dove off into the flax, and then swam
around and tangled it down bad. One said to the other,
"Pat, it is a good place to swim,' the other said it was a
hard place to dive." The farmer and his wife, and perhaps
daughter, take a walk out to view the crop. Well, it does
look old fashioned, and looks nice-I hope it will stand up
good and have a good coat of flax on the stalk. The flax
is now ripe and will have to be gathered. "John, tomorrow we will commence." "What do you do to gather
it', I have never seen that done?" "Why, it has got to be
pulled up by taking hold of it with your hands, and then,
when your hands are full, then you must take a few small
stalks and tie it up." "Oh! father, that will make our
backs ache so hard."  "Well, it must be done."  "Isn't
there some other way to secure it?"  Well, we have now
got it pulled and set up in bunches all over the field.
Don't you hear the farmer whistle and the boy chase the
rabbits for joy.  Atter awhile it has to be drawn to the




64       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
barn and then take a tunch in your hand and whip off the
seed on some hard substance; then take it out into a grass
plat and spread it thin and nice in rows, so that you can
rake it up into lundles after the wood part of it is rotten,
so that when you break a stalk it will fall out and leave
the flax. You must. take a good deal of care or it will be
damaged; then in the month of March we commence to
'"get it out," as it is called, by pounding it and breaking
the wood part fine-then have a board standing upright,
ho'.ding it over the end ot the board, and in the other hand
a wooden knite, to strike down upon it and driving all of
the wood part. out. "Does it dust a man any to work it?"
Certainly, you must dress purposely, and have on a sheep
skin tanned apron  Now it is ready for the woman to take
hold and hetchel it, by having an instrument made, like a
potato masher.-no, it is made by taking a piece of board,
then have from thirty to forty pieces of iron made in the
shape of a darning needle, with these passed through the
board to support them; then the woman takes a small hank
and pulls it through those teeth until all of a towy substance is removed from the flax, and perhaps she will be
engaged in this way for several days. The part that is
combed out is called tow, it is "fruzzled" up, (as you
sometimes see the little girl's hair. The mother said, see
the tow head.) At such a time I must say I hardly knew
her, from the looks, she was dressed for the business and
the lint and dust had lodged upon her head and face. If
it had not been for the style, I should have said she looked
frightful-but soap and water bring her back again all
right. The tow had to be carded by another process before
it, -ouldb-.,) iL itu L  yarn. It had to be all done by hand
-hauling and pulling it and shaping-so that it could
be  pulled out and twisted in an even thread, to make
cloth. In spinning the flax, however, I did not think a
woman did make those days plersant.    Let us look at
her a few minutes.    See how gracefully she performs




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.

65

her task, and what a small and complicated machine it is.
Seated down to it, one foot upon a portion of it, which
causes the machinery to perform the twisting and winding
of the yarn upon a spool, while the woman pulls the flax
and evens the thread, and she wiles the time in this manner, and sings or scolds the children, as the case may require. But the tow part she has to spin on a larger and
different wheel, and has to walk back and forth for every
thread spun. The same wheel is to spin wool on.  Then
there was the weaving of it into cloth, for garments, but
after obtaining it, it was durable and good-the ladies for
their every-day wear would have a portion of the yarn colored, and then have it woven checked.  Dresses made of
this material for young Misses would hold them if caught
by a snag or nail, or a yonng ---     Many times the
woman in spinning flax has her fingers worn so as to bleed,
and sometimes have to harden them over night.  I made
the first great wheel and little spinning wheels in said
county, and thiuik the first loom for weaving.
A Mr. Nobles made the wood work to a two-horse wagon, and Abiel Shaw ironed it, in Genesee county at Grand
Blanc, [termed Whigville.]  Soon after this Mr. Alexander moved his carding machine down to the Thread, near
the grist mill, and there fixed uT) a mill for dressing cloth.
He did not get it ready as soon as he expected, and the
people were anxious to have some cloth dressed. He told
father and myself that if we would help him get it ready,
he would dress ours first, and we went and worked, and
then we had ours dressed-the first in Genesee county.
The writer has an overcoat yet, and good.  His wife took
the wool after carding, and spun and wove the cloth, dressed at Alexander's mill, cut and made it, all within herself.
In those days there was a bounty on wolf scalps from the
State of twelve dollars.  A Mr. Phelps caught several.
One day he had caught one in a trap, and a large one; he
shouldered the wolf and trap and brought them about one




66       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
and a half miles before father Brainerd, he being a magistrate, his excuse being that he wanted a witness that he
killed him. I being present, 1 asked him how the wolf
became so docile. Well, he said when he first came up to
him he showed fight, but he being in the trap by one leg,
he took a good shelalah and went at him. He soon surrendered. After putting him down he then killed him, in
our presence, and received his bounty.  By the means of
the bounty money, many trapped for them and caught several, which helped the trapper and made the wolf scarcer,
and the farmei more secure from their midnight visits.
Wild animals being plenty, you would have hides stretched up on buildings to dry for the market. Rufus Stevens
in Grand Blanc, bought all kinds of furs, and after obtaining a quantity of them, he would put his hayrack on
his wagon and load up, as big as a load oI hay, and then
start for Detroit to dispose of them.  Report said that it
would bring him over one thousand dollars -cost him,
perhaps, five hundred dollhrs.




CHAPTER XXIV.
John W. King was our practicing physician. I have
been in his practice in many places. He gave general satisfaction, and I felt at home with him on all occasions.  I
saw a statement made by Dr Fish at the funeral of John
W. King, respecting his pioneer ride. I have been an eye
witness to his rides. Many hours we have passed together
among the sick and afflicted. It, may not be out of place
here to mention an incident happening to the Doctor, although a few years later, for which mention I hope to be
excused. It was in this wise: One day, in midsummer,
on Sunday, the Doctor was passing my house, going east a
couple of miles to see a patient, on horse back-his only
mode of conveyance at this time-letting the lines to the
horse's bridle hang loose upon the horse's back, while the
doctor was perusing a small tract or book in his hand, at
this time.  Just after passing my house, there was a pond
of water in the road, and in it swine were lying to cool
off, and as the horse took his own course he did not avoid
the pond of water.   When coming upon the swine, they
jumped up and hooted in their way. You remember I
told you before how they looked-which made the horse
jump or leap sideways.   The doctor dropped down in the
midst of the water and mud. The consequence was,-the
Doctor had to turn and come into my house and have his
clothes washed off, then stay until dry, for he said it was
his best. Atter a few years more our roads would admit




68           PIONEER HIaSTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
of a coarse temporary sulky, or the forward wheels of a
light wagon made into a temporary sulkey. Doctors in
those days had to take trade for pay of' his would-be-paymasters.  Doctor King had one foible, as well as many
others had at that day-he liked fried cakes sopped in
maple syrup.   I have said this much of the Doctor because he was considered a necessary pioneer with us.
I must riot forget the ladies of that day, and I can say
with but respect to them.  I will call no names, although
most of the number are still. alive, and respected fa~rmer's
wives. I was in company of one of the number, and itwots
talked over by us again, alluding to this timie.  Once upon a time there were tour young, and beautiful women who
were living neighbors to each other, and could associate
togrether on terms of' equality, and of great resp~ect. Each
of' those young women were at the time possessors of' a
small child, say fromn six months to one year old. Those
four ladies concluded to call on Mrs., a young woman livirng within bounds of neighborly calls, of one and
ahalf mailes-they each one started, not forgetting the
children.  It was a very warm day, walking and carrying
the children caused perspiration to 113w freely.  On their
way they passed through a chopping-the. brush being
burned a few days before- while passing through the
chopping they stopped to rest., cool off, and nurse the. children., After a little while they started again, changing
positions in carrying the children.  They soon arrived at
the place, and behold! she had a young pioneer, too.  (I
now omit soine.) When the time came for the lady to get,
tea [stop, young ladies, don't laugh, it is hoped that you
will not experience it]-she had only a little flour in the,
house; so she took it and made it into a short-cake, as it
was termed in those days, all in one cake. Then, at the,
table she took the cake, and broke it into -five pieces, onefor each of them-being a great plenty. The ladies then
returned home again.




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.            69
On Sunday, as we were going to the school house to
meeting, the minister's wife remarked that she guessed we
would have to hear a crust coffee sermon to-day, because
the Elder had to drink crust coffee for breakfast-but I
guess the elder forgot it after a little, from the way he
talked to the peop'e.
1835.-Rufus Stevens commenced to build a house in
the City of Flint, and it is standing yet-called Stevens'
place. Mr. Williams, of Grand      Blanc, contracted to
build it, and in building it, Stevens found fault with the
work. Mr. Williams was slighting the work, so the parties agreed to leave it to referees to say for them.  I and
Norman Davison, of. Atlas, were chosen. We looked at
the job arid decided against Mr. Williams as not building
according to contract. Some time, not tar from this,
Messrs. Stage and Wright came into Grand Blanc and
built a store, having Mr. Orrin Safford for clerk,-of course
it was not a large and costly structure-the goods to suit
the pioneers.
Messrs. Dewey and Brothers started a still for making
whiskey, in Flint, between McFarlan's and Crapo's mills.
Grand Blanc townsmen often call on them for yeast to
make bread and biscuit, and whiskey to strengthen the
nerve. I bought some of them, three gallons, for another
purpose. As I worked some at cabinet work those days,
we used whiskey to put in camwood to make a stain. I
took the whiskey and put it into jars with the camwood;
when I wanted to use the stain it was frozen up. The
next time I saw the boys I told them how it had frozen.
After a hearty laugh over it, they remarked that it was Indian whiskey; they had made the mistake. So you see
the Indian is satisfied with weaker whiskey than the white
man.
Mr. H. M. Henderson commenced at the Flint with a
few goods, with Mr. Walker as clerk. A small amount of
trade as yet, not much money.    He could not do much




70        PIONEER -HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
with grrain, but exchrainge some for furs, for every thing had
to be hauled to Detroit by team.. He built a small plaCc
to store corn and wheat that. he had taken in for s0ome,
goods. Mr. John Todd lived a shorb distance off, and
Mrs. Todd, (we always calted her Mother Todd,) kept a few
fowls. One day, Mr. Henderson, (hiis own words fo~r it,)
said Mother Todd's fowls kept getting into his grrain.
At the first thought, he would kill them. So he took an
ax-helve and went out to the barn, and as they we-re On
the inside he, rapped them on the neck unt-il. eight had
fallen. He then took and threw them into a brush-heap,
then returned to the store and sat down. "Now, what will
Mother Todd think of mue. I have killed her fowls and I
said nothing to her- about it? I begin to relent and make
many apologies in my own mind, and finally I made up mny
mind to go and get the fowls and carry them to Mother
Todd.    When I got to where the fowls were thrown, behold! they had all come to life again and gone, home. I
was happily surprised, I can tell you."
Well, report was vacillating this season-there would
be frost every few weeks, and the cotton was cut off down
south, so up goes the price of factory twenty-five to thirty
cents, for the pour pioneer, is alarming-  But the wife declaims: "Daughters, we will make our dress good yet a.
little longer."  So they all say.




CHAPTER XXV.
Thomas Cartwright, of Grand Blanc or Whigville, as
the place is termed, buiit a hatter's shop and made wool
and fur hats, and worked at it for several years-the first
in the county. After the county built, or commenced to
build, a Court House; after having built a part of the
house, they held a session of county court in it, and I was
one of the jurors on the first case tried in it.  The difference between the parties was trifling.  One of the parties
had shut up one of the other's hogs, and was going to fat
it-there being no place prepared for the juror to deliberate in. Mr. Hascall was building a dwelling house on the
opposite side of the turnpike from the Court Houfe, so
the arrangements were made for the jurors to go over to
this place in the cellar part. The house was set upon
blocks about two feet from the ground, and the dirt being
thrown partially out, so that we had a shady, airy and
rustic place, with plenty of shavings under toot which had
fallen down through the loose floor above, without any
seats, but we could change positions very readily, by lying
down, or standing or sitting upon our feet.  It being so
pleasant and secluded a place-we could look out on all
sides and see what was going on upon the outside, and being so open the wind would blow through and fill your
eyes with sawdust, and it being a very warm day. So,
under all circumstances, we were not in a very urgent hurry--so we could not agree upon a verdict. The constable
would look under often: "Gentlemen, have you agreed?"
Our answer would be, "More water, more water." So along
towards night we ventured out of the den or pen, and
went before the court without having agreed on a verdict,
for or against.
The city is improving, in settlers, and now and then a
building being built, and the trees are cut down and burned, but not as I have said elsewhere, not "too numerous
to mention."   Soon   after Mr. Patterson and    partner




72       PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.
started a boot and shoe shop, and soon after a tannery,
too.
About those days I raised quite a crop of oats, so I
drew down to them thirty bushels of oats to pay them for
a pair of stoga boots costing three dollars.  As time rolls
around, and years pass by, so it is with all things of &an
earthly nature, people persevere in clearing up their land,
and cultivating it, which brings forth bountifully and the
pioneer is now, if living, able to look back and contemplate what can be accomplished by perseverence and endurance. As I had after a few yearsr more of toil, gained
competence enough, too, as I thought, to build me another house, beginning to think the old one ought to retire. So
I made preparations to build of brick, by making them,
but after making them I could not keep enough of them
to build a house, for this one and that one must have a
few certainly. "Well, take them," and so on. They were
drawn to the Flint and to Flushing, but the next summer
I made another kiln, and in the course of the fall I got my
house up and roof on, and through the winter and spring
got it done, and on the 4th day of July, 1850, we moved
into it, being the first brick house in Genesee county. My
neighbors, some of them, proposed to us to open it for
meetings for prayer and preaching.  They were continued
for some time.  It makes more work for the women, but
we considered it paid as we went along. As there had been
a Baptist Church formed in Grand Blanc in an early day,
meetings had been held in barns and houses, being the
most convenient places, and schoolhouses, and so it was
with the Sabbath School. After a long time some thought
there might be a small church built.  So a subscription
was circulated to build a church and society house. I
concluded that the amount subscribed would put up a
frame and enclose it-so it was commenced. The Episco-.
pal house at Flint was a pattern on the outside for us to
follow. I took the job, and then set the subscribers to




PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC.                  73
work drawing and furnishing materials, being in the summer season to work at it.    As soon    as the frame was up,
roof on, and partly enclosed, I told the people they might
occupy the structure for preaching on        Sundays, and I
would make a temporary place for the speaker, and seats
on my own account.      We had     a good congregation, and
several were made to rejoice. The Lord to us was gracious.
After the enclosure of the house, it came to a stand still,
for one year, but still holding meetings in it when suitable
weather. I told the society after all hopes of its being finished, that if they would sell the slips to me first, enough to
pay me, I would undertake to finish the house.          It was
agreed   to, and the amount of cost-so I finished and
did  the best I could for the society.     We still hold sabbath meetings in it.    So up to the present time the people are living in a goodly land, favored with all of the facilities and blessings that the pioneer has been deprived of.
But many     of them    have gone, and      where are they?
Look in the cemeteries and read on the tombstone. Here
lie the pioneer and his neighbors-his work is done, inud
he is lain by to rest, until called to come to judgment, All
you can do for him     is to shed a tear, and say:     "Farewell, ye Old Pioneers of Grand Blanc and vicinity."
GROWING OLD.
"Growing old? yes, day by day -
Fading, dropping fast away;
Failing sight and trembling form,
Tell us that we'er nearer homeNearer to the golden gate,
Round whose portals loved ones wait.
Growing old, yet toiling on
In the sunshine and the storm;
Gathering roses by the way,
That like our fond hopes decay,
Wither e'er the coming morn, -
Their sweet beauty fled and gone.
Looking back to days long past,
Days that were too bright to last;
When life seemed a pleasant dream,
Wandering by the cooling streamBeauty smiling everywhere,
Lovely flowers, fresh and fair."