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AUG   1984
MICHIGAN STATE LIRAY
LANSING 13
The Settlement of
lonia, Mich.,
- BY -
SAMUEL DEXTER
WITH

A History

of

THE SESSIONS FAMILY
of the Branch
of
ALONZO SESSIONS
and

CELIA DEXTER SESSIONS

HIGAN
RENCE \

2524  47







m &a                i 'ri &ga
(By Mrs. L. P. BROCK, in Detroit News Tribune, May
25, 1913.)
IONIA, Michigan:-The little city of Ionia, nestling close
to the foot of the hills on the north side of Grand River,
climbing up their sides, and spreading over the level country at their top-charming in name, location and environments, will on Wednesday, May 28, arrive at the eightieth
anniversary of the coming of its first white settlers, the
colony from New York led by Samuel Dexter, and Ionians
feel that they have much to be proud of, not only in the
high character of its colonists, but of the interesting Indian
lore attached to this region, for much as this locality was
loved by the whites, even as much was it loved by the
race that preceded them, who hunted in the forests, fished
in the streams and built their wigwams by the banks of
the river that was their broad highway, flowing throughas they considered it-their Indian paradise.
Michigan was inhabited by three tribes of the great
Algonquin nation which inhabited all the land south of
Hudson Bay, east of the Mississippi and north of the present state of Tennessee, except the state of New York which
was the possession of the five confederated tribes of the
fierce and war loving Iroquois. The Pottawatomies lived
in the south part of the state, the Chippewas in the north
part and northern peninsula, and for many years the Sauks
occupied the country around Grand river, but were finally
overcome by the Ottawas, whose home it became for many
generations. All of these tribes though so widely scattered, often warring desparately among themselves, belonged
to one great stock, and spoke various dialects of one language.
As nearly as can be ascertained at the beginning of the
eighteenth century the Pottawatomies numbered about 800
warriors, the Ottawas about 1,200 and the Chippewas, with
whom these tribes were linked in a very close confederacy,
numbered more than both of them.
At the coming of the whites, 80 years ago, its human oc



cupants, the Ottawas, some Chippewas, and perhaps a few
Pottawatomies, remnants of three of the most powerful
tribes known in what at an early day was designated the
northwest territory, were mostly to be found along the
banks of the Grand, where their villages were located at
the mouth of rivers flowing into it.
The Ottawas were originally located in the vicinity of the
Ottawa river in Canada, from which they derive their
name, but were driven from there by the terrible Iroquois,
from New York, who were always making war on other
Indian tribes. They fled to the land of the Chippewas. The
Iroquois followed them to their new haunts, but the two
tribes combined and were enabled to repulse the Iroquois,
who afterward seldom sought a warpath which led so far
to the north.
The celebrated Father Marquette visited the northern
peninsula in 1668 and established a mission for the Ottawas at St. Es'prit, near the west end of Lake Superior. But
in 1670, tbe Ottawas no longer fearing the Iroquois, established their principal village on the island of Mackinac, and
then at St. Ignace, just across the strait. Father Marquette
established a mission for them in 1671.
From that point the Ottawas spread southward, especially along the east shore of Lake Michigan, which was of
easy access by means of their boats, and thence by paddling
up Grand river, they first invaded the hunting grounds of
the Sauks, the last quarter of the seventeenth century.
These excursions, of course, ended in a series of conflicts
which culminated in the Sauks fleeing, terror-stricken, from
the graves and hunting grounds of their forefathers, down
the river and across Lake Michigan into what is now Wisconsin, where they located.
The same year that Father Marquette established the
mission at St. Ignace, there occurred another scene at Sault
Ste. Marie of great significance to the occupants of this region. The French had obtained a foothold in Canada in
1535, and in 1670 the intendant of Canada, sent Lieut.
Lusson, a French officer, into the Lake Superior region to
hunt minerals. To signalize his expedition by an imposing
ceremony, he called together all the tribes of the lake
country to meet him at the Soo, and no less than 14 tribal
organizations being represented,, he made a proclamation,
taking over the present State of Michigan, and adjacent
lands in the name of his sovereign, Louis XIV. of France,




C'O JAN 3,9o0
promising the tribes in return protection from their foes.
"Long live the king," said Lusson. "Long live the king,"
said the Frenchmen present-and the thousands of savages
yelled in unison. They would not have been so ready to
turn over their lands in any way, to an unknown potentate
i "across the sea, if they had not become afraid of the Iroquois, who by this time were being fitted out with muskets
and ammunition by the Dutch at New York. Thus the State
Sof Michigan, in a way, passed into the hands of the French.
SAfter this date the Indians comprising the Michigan
league usually acted together in their war-like expeditions,
\ i           and with the aid of the French, held comparative peaceable
possession of this their home for nearly one hundred years.
But the English wanted territory. And in 1754 was begun,
the "Old French and Indian war," which finally resulted in
the acquiring by the English of all the French territory east
of the Mississippi and in February, 1763, the treaty of peace
was signed between France and England. When the Indians were told of this they were furious, and a great uprising was planned by Pontiac, a full blooded Ottawa and
head chief of the tribe here-then about 50 years old. History points him out as excelling in sagacity and strategy any
Indian chief known. He gathered all of the nations of the;i       lakes and rivers of the north together and the destruction
of all the English forts and garrisons were to take place on
a certain day. The feeling of the Indians is well expressed
in the following historically authenticated facts. Major
Rogers with his Rangers, was sent to Detroit to replace the
French with an English garrison and on nearing the post
he was met by Pontiac. "What is your business in my
country, and how dare you enter it without my permission?"
was the haughty demand of the Indian chief. Rogers told
his errand. Pontiac replied with dignity: "I stand in the
path," and again in part of a speech of another chief to an
English trader: "Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not yet conquered us. We are not
your slaves. These lakes, these woods, were left to us by
our ancestors, they are our inheritance and we will part
with them to none." But the face that was to usurp them
was at hand, and needless to say after numerous attempts
to foil the English, Pontiac renounced forever his great
scheme, and the greatest chief that ever walked the trails
through this beautiful valley had to give way to the greater race. He was murdered near St. Louis by an Illinois
Indian, hired to do so by an English trader, it is said, and
I
I,,.  *   -




was buried with all the honors of war by his friend, St.
Ange, French commandant at St. Louis, but the Ottawas
sprang to arms to avenge his death and almost exterminated the Illinois tribe.
Then came the war of the Revolution and the formation
of a new government, but it was 1796 before the British
surrendered the post at Detroit to the United States., and not
until then did the government obtain any control of the
territory known as the State of Michigan. In 1807 General
Hull made an agreement with the chiefs of the Ottawas.,
Chippewas and Pottawatomies, by which they ceded a large'
portion of their lands in eastern Michigan to the United
States government. In 1812 war was again declared in
which the Indians joined forces with the British, but with
the victory of the United States all hopes of the Indians
for holding onto their lands were vanquished-peace and
protection were generously extended to them by the government and then the war-like career of this great league
which had extended for more than a hundred years was at
an end. They no longer kept strictly to tribes, and when
the whites came here it was no unusual thing to find bands
made up of Indians from all three tribes. Soon after the
close of the war of 1812, it became evident to General Cass,
then governor of the territory., that more land would have
to be acquired from the Indians to accommodate the immigration spreading in all directions from Detroit., so he
planned to secure further cessions from the tribes, laid his
plans before the government, obtained authority to proceed
in the matter, and called the chiefs together in council at
Saginaw in 1819, this cession to include our own locality.
The council was held in a large bower., which by direction
of General Cass, had been built by Louis Campau, the
French trader. Great opposition resulted but in the end
the Indians acceded to the United States six million of
acres which included most of Ionia county and were to receive annually forever one thousand dollars in silver colin,
also annuities from other treaties to be paid in silver, the
Indians reserving the right to hunt and fish so long as the
government owned the land, and they were permitted to
make sugar, until the lands were sold to settlers, but without any unnecessary waste of trees. In 1821, at Chicago,
that part of Ionia county that was not covered by the treaty
at Saginaw was purchased by the government.




Many Indians were still here when the first white settlers came,. but according to treaty stipulations they had a
right to be here,, until actual settlers purchased the land,
after which the Indians, as they had agreed, retired readily, yet mournfully, from their old haunts, their cultivated
patches and their villages, to still deeper wilds in the
northern wilderness.
During the latter part of the 17th and earlier part of
the 18th century the present State of Michigan contained a
widely scattered class of inhabitants, called Indian traders.
Generally French, their business was buying fur and pelts
from the Indians., and in exchange selling them calico and
other commodities, and they were governed by certain rules
issued by the respective governments that had controlled
this region. Their trade must be con-fined to their own
section; they must be fair and friendly in trade; attend no
council held by Indians; convey to them no liquors; no
traders allowed without a license; inculcate ideas of peace
among the Indians; and assure them of the protection of
the government, etc. The commodities they gave to the Indians sometimes came from Detroit on Indian ponies, but
more often from Montreal by boats, portaged through the
lakes and streams of upper Canada, then to Mackinac, when
they were distributed to the -various traders. Along the
Grand River at about the time of the settlement here of
the first whites were Louis Campau, who had lived since
1828 at what is now Grand Rapids with his wife, Sophie
de M arsac-for whom the D. A. R. chapter of that city is
named. At Lowell was Rix Robinson, who married an Indian princess, a daughter of one of the great war-chiefs of
the Ottawas, who was own cousin to Pontiac.
Robinson was one of the few who remained true to his
Indian wife, whom he married in accordance with tribal
custom, and a short time ago the residents of that section
raised a memorial to his name in the locality of his old
home.
East of Ionia there was established the post of Louis
Genereaux,, who had been here some years when the settlers arrived. He was quite successful as a trader, and
owned a large batteaux, with which his goods and peltries
were transferred up and down the Grand. He also had an
Indian wife and half-breed son, Louis, Jr., who was a wild
youth, and brought sorrow to his father by killing or roast



Ing to death an Indian, f or which he was sent to prison for
a long term and soon after the father removed from the locality then known as Genereauville.
While many of the Ottawas in other sections had been in
the habit of leaving for Mackinac at the close of the sugarmaking season, assembling by boat at the mouth of the
Grand, then proceed in company up the lake, to return by
some route in the fall-it is said the Indians in this locality
stayed here the year around. The rich bottom land gave
ample facilities for raising their garden stuff., while fish
and game were to be had in abundance. In 1830 the chief
Indian village was just east of here at the mouth of the
Maple and numbered some 800. The principal chief was
Cocoosh, while Black Cloud was second in command. There
was a small village at Ionia, whose chief was Cobmosa, an
Indian of much dignity and manliness, who was second in
command of the Flat river band., and their principal encampment was near Lowell.
The importance of Grand river during these days was
great, and sometimes the craft upon it presented a very imposing sight. It was about 1856 before the railroad was
built and as this section was very isolated,, about 150 miles
from Detroit, the country between unsettled, the roads terrible during the greatest part of the year, to say nothing of
unbridged rivers and streams, no wonder the river was looked upon as the surest way of access to the outer world, even
if it was by way'of the straits. Then. were the boats of
the Indians, the serviceable craft of the traders, Campau,
Robinson and Genereaux, furnished with mast and sail and
looked handsome going up and down the waters of the
river. December 1, 1837, a sidewheel steamer, the "Gov.
Mason,," came up to Ionia, then on to Lyons, when the water
was high. But with the coming of the railroad the great
need and use of the river was ended.
In the early thirties the fame of Michigan lands reached
the east, and as ever, adventuresome souls were eager to
push out into the new west. In the fall of 1832 Hon. Samuel Dexter of Herkimer, N. Y., came on a prospecting trip
and in company with his friend, Dr. Jewett, later of Lyons,
Ionia County,, rode horseback through southern and western Michigan, looking up government lands. After following the lake shore to Chicago he came back to Michigan
and located lands at what is now Grand Rapids, on the east
side of the river across from a large Indian village, and




_~         --

II

SAMUEL DEXTER,             MRS. DEXTER.
Founder of Ionia, Michigan  Wife of Samuel Dexter




near the home of Louis Campau and his wife, the French
trader. He entered a tract of land two miles long and
eighty rods wide, near where is now the very heart of the
City of Grand Rapids (afterward giving to Kent County
ground for their court house site), and then came on east
to lonia, where he located a quarter section. He then returned to his home in New York to make preparations for
removal, to the new home, he had chosen, selling out his
possessions, inducing others to join him, and preparing himself, his wife and nine children for a life in an unbroken
wilderness, miles from any sign of civilzation. He was then
47 years of age, and had been a member of the New York
legislature for one or two terms. He was the seventh in
descent from Sir Gregory Dexter, who came from London
with Roger Williams to Providence, R. I., in 1643. Sir Gregory Dexter owned a printing establishment in London and
printed Roger Williams' dictionary of the Indian language,
a copy of which is in the library of congress, a very rare
specimen. The two men formed a close friendship, so great
that Dexter sold his business and came back to the colonies
with Williams. The king granted him a charter of the
whole State of Rhode Island, and he was the first accomplished printer in America and printed the first_almanac
for the meridan of Rhode Island. He also became a preacher and at Roger Williams' death succeeded him and therefore became the second Baptist preacher in Providence.
Samuel Dexter's father was also named Samuel Dexter,
who married Candace Winsor, a lineal descendant of Roger
Williams, and he was a revolutionary soldier and ensign in
Col. Lippitt's Rhode Island regiment. They had thirteen
children, the fifth, Darius Dexter, being the grandfather of
Mrs. William Jennings Bryan, the wife of our present Secretary of State. Samuel Dexter, whose colony settled Jonia,
being their seventh child, John and Darius, the fourth and
fifth sons founded the village of Dexterville, which is now
a suburb of Jamestown, on Chautauqua Lake, New York,
and the house in which Darius Dexter lived still stands
there. These two brothers went west in 1838, and Darius
settled in Pike County, Illinois. His daughter Lavina married John Baird, the father of Mrs. Bryan. John went to
Wisconsin, near Kenosha, and settled on a farm which today is owned by his grandson, now seventy-one years of age,
and is known as "Dexter Farm,"  George and Stephen, the
twelfth and thirteenth children came to Michigan and located land on the north bank of Whitmore Lake, north of
Ann Arbor, but quite soon removed to lonia county, and




about 1835, located farms in Easton township, a few miles
from the new settlement their brother founded, in which locality they afterward lived and died.
Upon Mr. Dexter's return home from his Michigan trip,
he interviewed people, and wrote many letters in praise of
the "west" as it was then and his enthusiasm induced others to join him in the new enterprise of securing land. He
sold his farm for twelve thousand dollars, quite a bit of
money to bring into a new territory, especially as it was all
in gold and silver. It was packed in bags labeled "axes,"
and there was always the watchful eye of two men, on
guard over it.
The colony when it got under way, April 22, 1833, numbered 62 people consisting of six families. Samuel Dexter's, Erastus Yeoman's, Oliver Arnold's, Darius Winsor's
SEdward and Joel Guild's, also five young men, Wm. B.
Lincoln, a young practicing physician, and four others, who
left the colony soon after its arrival at lonia. They char
tered a canal boat for use as far as Buffalo, put on board
only such articles as would be actually necessary to them
in their new home, their own teams drawing the boat on the
Erie canal.
To many of their neighbors, such an undertaking seemed one of folly, but the resolution had been deliberately
taken and although the abandonment of old  home and
friends was a severe trial, it was bravely met. Their venture- had become widely known, so that the first day or
two they found the landing places along the canal crowded
with old friends who had come to take a last look and say
a parting word. At Buffalo they transferred themselves to
a steamboat, in due time arriving at Detroit, and then the
real hardships were to begin.  Most of the household
goods were shipped by boat via the straits of Mackinac
to Grand Haven to be brought by small boat up Grand
river, but the rest of the goods and the families were loaded
on the wagons, teams attached and with a guide, who as assistant surveyor, was familiar with the country, they struck
out into the wilderness, most of the way cutting the road
as they went. The first day out of Detroit they could make
but seven miles, the roads were so heavy. They stayed one
night at Pontiac, at that time a very small place, having a
hard name, so much so that if any one wanted to send a
person to a bad place, he would say "You go to Pontiac."
Nearly two weeks were consumed in the journey from De



troit to their destination and to the women and children
unaccustomed to hard fare, wild scenes, exposure and severe
fatigue, the labor was almost overwhelming.  They had
much trouble in crossing marshes and fording streams.
Many women walked and sometimes when they got stuck in
the marshes the men had to carry them ashore. At night
the men would build great fires and the women would then
cook and they baked biscuits in the bakers set up in front
of the fires. At Shiawassee, there were three children sick
with the scarlet fever, a son of Edward Guild and Providence and Riley Dexter. Two of the children got better,,
but on May 26 about four in the afternoon, Riley, the youngest child of Samuel Dexter, died when the company was
about 30 miles east of Ionia. Mr. Guild had a small trunk
which he gave for a coffin and the child was laid in the
grave by the light of the camp fires, his father making a
feeling prayer, before the coffin was lowered. They piled
the grave high with logs to protect it from th-e wolves and
also carved his name, age and date of death on a large tree
at its head.
The second day after, May 28, they arrived "home" about
10 o'clock in the morning and their first meal was dinner
eaten a little way south of where the large armory now
stands. As they could not expect their household furnishings that were sent around the lakes by boat., for some time,
the men drove stakes in the ground and put sticks across
them, then laid the side boards of a wagon box on for a
top so had the first extension table in Ionia county.
The Indians, who founded the village here, numbering
about 500 inhabitants, and who had known of Mr. Dexter's
intention to return, from the visit among them the fall before, had given up his coming on account of the late arrival of the colony., and had put in their gardens of corn,
melson, squashes, etc. There were five wigwams that were
built of bark., four down by the river near the present Pere
Marquette car shops-not more than 10 feet square, two
bunks on one side, one above the other. The other was a
little way northwest of these and about 14 feet square. The
Indians disliked to give up their homes and gardens, but
knowing they were simply holding their lands by sufference until actual settlers arrived, they readily, though
mournfully, gave up, after Mr. Dexter paid them for their
bark wig~wams and gardens,, he doing business through a




guide, who acted as interpreter. The largest wigwam was
then, occupied by the women and children of Mr. Dexter's family, the others were occupied by the families of
the rest of the colonists, the men occupying tents,, wagon
boxes and such other skelter as circumstances would permit. Two log houses were immediately commenced, one
for Mr. Dexter and one for Mr. Winsor, and very soon after
one for Mr. Yeomans. Mr. Dexter's was built where the
Jacob Schmoltz brick block now stands, Mr. Winsor's just
west of the creek that crosses East Main street, and Mr.
Yeoman's in what is now Easton on land still held by his
descendants.
In a few days after their arrival, some of the men of the
colony started for the land office at White Pigeon. They
met Louis Campau, who begged them to come to settle at
Grand Rapids where he and his wife had lived so long
alone. So Joel Guild decided to go-took up some land there
and within a month "Uncle Louis" and some of his help,
came up to Ionia in bateaux for the Guild family, they arriving at Grand Rapids, June 23, that being the day Grand
Rapids called her "birthday," having been started as a white
settlement by the family of one of the Ionia colon~y. Edward
Guild and family some time after joined his brother there,
as did also Mr. Winsor's where they afterward lived and
died.
The first white child born in the community was Eugene,
son of Darious Winsor, whose birth occurred in August, a
little time after the arrival here, and the first death was
also in his family-that of his little 6-year-old daughter,
which took place the same summer, and who was buried
on the hill, not far from the present central school grounds.,
on the I. H. Thayer property. There were four men of
the original colony who always made Ionia their homeSamuel Dexter, Erastus Yeomans, Oliver Arnold and W. B.
Lincoln.
Oliver Arnold was the pioneer mechanic and foundryman, and chose for his home a spot across the river, at the
foot of the hills immediately south of Ionia, where has
grown up quite a burg, called South Ionia. There he took
advantage of the water power furnished by a creek flowing down from among the hills, and established a growing
business, which is still conducted by his grandson.




Erastus Yeomans lived nearly all his long life of over
90 years on the land he located in Easton, very near Ionia.
He was appointed first postmaster of Ionia county, receiving the appointment under President Jackson, which position he held for six years. In 1841 he was elected associate judge of the county, serving in that capacity for eight
years. He was always "Judge" Yeomans after that, and
lived a highly honored and respected life. In his latter
years he lived in his large home in the west end of lonia,
which still stands.
Dr. W. B. Lincoln was Ionia county's first physician, and
had his hands full from the start, being called from everywhere, over a large territory, rapidly filling with settlers.
He had a large practice for years, extending from Grand
Rapids, 40 miles west of Ionia, to about an equal distance in
other directions. He was also first school teacher. Mr.
Dexter hiring him to teach the children of the community
at his home, and old letters from these children speak of
him as "having a most gentle and fine influence over the
young people, looking well after their language." He also
built the first frame, house in Ionia, erected in 1834, still
doing duty as part of Dr. Allen's residence.
He was the first township clerk, chosen at the meeting
authorized by the legislative council, to be held on Monday,
April 6,, 1835, at the home of Antoine Campau & Co., purchasers, a short time before, of the business of Louis Geneveaux., the fur trader. He was also the first bridegroom of
the community, his marriage to Cinthy, daughter of Oliver
Arnold, taking place at the residence of the bride's father,
on Sunday, July 5, 1835., 'Squire' Dexter performing the
ceremony. They lived a long and happy life together, having three daughters, one of whom, Mrs. Dr. H. B. Barnes,
has always resided in Ionia.
Samuel Dexter always busied himself in doing all that
he could to better the condition of the new community, in
which he was so interested. The 'corn., that matured the
first summer., was at first pounded in a mortar dug out by
the Indians in a hollow stump, but Mr. Dexter went to Detroit and brought back a large coffee mill, having a handle
on each side, by which two men could grind corn, making
meal instead of the course samp produced by the "stump"
process. That winter all the new settlers around, so rapidly
coming into this new country, used this mill, coming from
Lyons and as far away as Portland. In September, followIng the colony's arrival in May-Mr. Dexter (according to




a letter written by his daughter, Prudence, many years ago)
built a sawmill, on the plat of ground just west of the armory, now called Dexter park, that was at least the second
mill built in Ionia county, though history is not very definite about that. H. V. Libhardt (father of Mrs. H. R.
Wager, of lonia and Washington, D. C.) came with his
family in July, 1833, to settle at Lyons, and soon built
a little sawmill which might have been the first. Mr. Dexter used the waterpower from the creek, crossing Main
street at Dexter street, it being carried to the mill in an
overhead race, a big wooden trough up on stilts as high
as the second story windows, a splendid slippery place
where his grandchildren used to have gay times wading up
in the air. The next year (according to the letter) Mr.
Dexter put into the sawmill a small run of stone that
ground the first wheat raised in lonia county. The first
grist belonged to Asa Spencer, and that hour was a joyful
one for the settlement, as the people had occasionally been
compelled to go to Pontiac for flour, sometimes making the
journey on foot owing to bad roads, and a relief from such
a condition must have been a very welcome one.
Mr. Dexter was exceedingly generous in the use of his
money and lands. He gave land to the Baptist society to
build a church on which the present edifice stands. Also
the west part of the present court house grounds to the
county for a court house site, and lots in Ionia to any one
who would build a house thereon, and many of its later
wealthy citizens got a start in this way.
He was entrusted largely with the affairs of the growing community.   A land office was early established in
lonia and once, when Mr. Dexter carried the funds to Detroit for deposit, he had an unfortunate experience. He
was at that time accompanied by his son-in-law, Jonathan
Tibbitts. The money, $200,000 and over, was placed in
kegs and was carried by ox teams. The teams waded and
swam Grand river-the wagons and money kegs were carried across in canoes by Indians and one canoe loaded with
kegs tipped over in the river, but after much difficulty the
heavy kegs were finally recovered.
He was ever a miller, and from his little sawmill finally
evolved the large Novelty mills, that a few years ago, burned down, now replaced by Dexter park and the large state
armory, in excavating for which one of the old grinding
stones was found,




As has been stated before Mr. Dexter brought nine children with him from the east, and one daughter was born after
they came here-but very few of his descendants live here
now. His daughter Celia, married Alonzo Sessions, at one
time lieutenant-governor of Michigan, and their youngest
daughter is the wife of Major Arthur P. Loomis, formerly
private secretary to Governor Warner. They live in their
fine farm home, a short distance over the hill from South
lonia, and Mrs. Loomis is the nearest kin to Mr. Dexter left
here.
He was a short stout gentleman of genial, kindly disposition, very fond of his family. He was a strong Baptist, and
deacon  of the church, but in his later years, became interested in spiritualism, and after going by team,
down into Ohio, to witness psychic phenomenon, became
convinced of the truths of the spirits return after death.
He died in Ionia, in August, 1856, in his 69th year, at
the home occupied by him for many years, across the street
from his mill, his gardens being on the northeast corner of
Dexter and Main streets, and was buried in Oak Hill cemetery, a beautiful spot, overlooking the little city he founded.
The month of November, 1833, saw a welcome addition
to the colony, in the coming of Alfred Cornell and familynumbering 12 persons-from Madison county, N. Y.-Their
trip from Detroit taking two weeks. Willing hands turned in to build a house for them, and though bed quilts and
blankets had to do duty for doors and windows, the house
was no less a home. Mr. Cornell was afterwards chaplain
at the Michigan reformatory and in 1876 wrote the following words of those early days:
"You may naturally say, they must have suffered very
great privation, and endured very great sufferings. Not at
all, my friends, not at all. Thank you for your kindly sympathy, but know this-there are none of the pioneer settlers now living, who do not look back with pleasure-even
desire-to the days when an untrodden wilderness surrounded them; when the nearest settlement was 100 miles
away. The memories of those days are full of the sweetness of real life, virtuous and noble aspirations. Never before did husband and wife so realize their oneness, never
the family union so complete and perfect, or neighbors
live in such joyful fellowship. The circumstances and surroundings were favorable for the development of the noblest




qualities-to the stirring up of generous impulses, awakening of the kindlier feelings that insure mutual sympathy
and help. They were like the returned days of man's primitive virtue and innocence.  Helping others, they helped
themselves; seeking to make others happy, they increased
their own happiness. Everything was to be done, and they
rejoiced in the doing of it. Every new acre of improvement
produced joy. Every fruit tree planted was watched over
with ever-increasing interest, as the family estimated the
time when it would yield them its ripened fruit. Everynew building marked an advance in civilization and all
were jubilant. No man, who has come in the possession of
the paternal patrimony, with the lands all cultivated, buildings all made, fruit trees in bearing condition, can have a
just appreciation of the vitalizing power and life-giving
energy embodied in pioneer life, or the abiding pleasure
with which the early pioneer looks back to the days and
doings, when the wilderness was made to bud and blossom
as the rose."
People often wonder how the town came to be named
Ionia. Many thinking it should have been named Dexter,,
and state history has this to say:
"The name given to the territory embraced within the
limits of the county, by the fourth legislative council of the
territory of Michigan, which convened at Detroit, January
4, 1831, was suggested, doubtless by some member of that
body familiar with ancient history." After the settlement became the county seat in 1835 or 1836, people called it
"Ionia county seat" for a long-time, until it finally 'became simply "Ionia."
Ionia, in ancient geography, was a country on the western coast of Asia Minor, and was named after the Ionians,
who returned from Attica to these shores, from which they
had previously emigrated to European Greece, and founded there 12 cities for themselves, and drove the old inhabitants out of their seats. (How closely our modern Ionians
followed their ancient namesake, when they drove the Ottawas from their cornfields and hunting grounds. Though Ionia never possessed great political power, the commerce of its
cities extended to the shores of the Black Sea, as well as to
the coasts of the Mediterranean. Ionia was the cradle of
Greek epic and elegaic poetry, history, philosophy, medicine
and other science. It developed a new style of architecture,
-17




and it was the birth place of several celebrated painters."
Ionia, Mich., has the rare distinction of bearing a name
that has only five letters and yet has four syllables.
Childr-en Show How Ionia was Settled
(From Grand Rapids Press, May 28, 1913.)
In honor of the eightieth anniversary of the settlement
of Ionia by Samuel Dexter and his little band of pioneers
more than one hundred school children depicted those stirring scenes of history with song, dialogue and pantomime.
All roads led to the Union school grounds where the
crowning feature of the Founders' week celebration took
place. For years and years Ionia has celebrated Founders'
week. It has come to be a sort of homecoming period and
from time to time special celebrations have taken place.
The eightieth anniversary of the coming of Dexter however,
was deemed worthy of a more than ordinary recognition and
teachers and pupils voluntarily assumed the burden for the
production of a suitable folk festival.
For weeks the children and teachers had been preparing and rehearsing for this tableau and the affair went
through without a hitch. In every detail it was true to
history, even to the costumes and stage furnishings, most
of which were from eighty to one hundred years old..
The festival was divided into six scenes, the idea being
to give glimpses of various periods and phases of Ionia's
early history. After a preliminary scene covering' part of
the Indian history prior to the coming of the whites, the
caravan of Samuel Dexter came upon the stage and there
followed a reproduction of the greeting between Dexter
and the Indians he was forced to dispossess. To add to
the historical value of this scene John Loomis, son of Maj.
A. P. Loomis and a great-grandson of the original Samuel
Dexter, took the part of the sturdy old pioneer settler. William Arnold, great-grandson of Oliver Arnold, another of
the original party., also had a place in the tableau.
Given on School Lawn
The festival was staged on the broad expanse of lawn,,
at the Union school. Scene one opened upon a typical early
Indian village with four wigwams. Forty children took part
in this scene which covers the conquest of the Sauk Indians
by the Chipp-ewas and Ojibways. The scene showed the




attack of the braves of the two offensive tribes and the
stubborn but futile defense of the Sauks who were driven
from the field.
In the second scene the trading post era was depicted.
Here was represented the trading post of Louis Genereaux
between lonia and Lyons and the Indians were shown approaching the French trader's cabin and bartering skins
and products of the hunt and chase for trinkets, blankets,
etc. These two scenes were preliminary.
In the third scene the coming of the whites was graphically shown. The same costumes were worn, even
the same type of cart was used and a yoke of oxen
was obtained to make the scene perfect. This scene really
was an extenuation of the one before. The Indians were
gathered about their village when the cry was raised that
the whites were coming. The caravan was seen approaching
and there was great excitement. An interpreter came on
ahead after halting the main body and engaged in conversation with the chief. The interpreter then brought Dexter
forward for a conference and in pantomime, Dexter explained he had bought all the land and must ask the reds to
move. They demurred somewhat, but on payment of $25
in silver for the crops planted and the wigwams, they agreed
to leave.
The Indians departed and there followed a scene of the
early settlement when the whites lived in the huts of the
departed Indians. Here the girls showed how the pioneers
churned and spun. One rocked a baby in one of the 100 -year-old cradles. The boys played checkers.
District School Features.
The big hit of the day was the pioneer district school.
Twenty-five children took part in this tableau. It had been
carefully studied and rehearsed and easily was the most
popular of the scenes. Charles Jack, one of the pupils in
the Union school, was teacher and the pupils carried out
in detail the methods in the earliest schools of this district.
The old-fashioned method of spelling and pronouncing by
syllable was carried out. The old slate was used. There
was the spelling class. The multiplication tables were given in song and there wasn't a detail missing. Every scene
won rounds of applause, but this was received with almost
riotous enthusiasm.




The sixth and last scene showed the fourth of July celebration in Ionia eighty years ago. The street parade was
reproduced in costume, with a fife and drum corps. There
was a typical stump speech of the times and the finish
showed the old noise-making stunt of "shooting the anvils."
In that day the pioneers bored holes in the anvils and loaded them with powder. They fired them and got a regular
cannon report. The scene,, however., did not include the
powder.
The finale was a real old Virginia reel to the tune of
"The Irish Washerwoman."
One of the prettiest little details of the festival was the
singing of Pioneer Joel Guild's famous song, "I'm Off for
Michiganla," by a sextet of eighth grade girls.
Teachers Made Day a Success.
Teachers and pupils have co-operated in making this unique celebration the universal success It has proved. Miss
Marjorie St-reeter, principal of the Union school was general
stage manager and director and she was ably assisted by her
crops of teachers, including Misses Ella Hutchins, Erean
Welsh, Luella Welsh, Margaret Seymore, Martha Knight,
Stella Bloomer, Gertrude Sommers, Lucy Cull, Helena
Braun, Dorothea Foess, Isa Nesbitt, Louise Call and Mrs.
Lucile Briggs.
In addition to these teachers the director, Mrs. Grace
Duncan took a leading part in the arrangement and production of the scenes in the tableaux and Miss Edith Williams and her class of county normal students also entered
into the spirit of the occasion and assisted in making it a
great success.
The principal address in connection with the festivities
was delivered by Daniel W. Tower of Grand Rapids, a grandson of Samuel Dexter.
The scenes accurately portrayed the history of Ionia.
The story is familiar to all lonia people and to many in
other sections of Michigan. Ionia was second only to Lyons
in the point of early settlement and for years was one of
the most important villages in the state. It originally was
the head of navigation on the Grand River and for years
before the Detroit and Mackinac railway made the steamboat business unprofitable, vessels made regular trips between here and Grand Rapids.




Ionia was named by Samuel Dexter after the settlement
originally so named on Prairie Creek had failed and been
abandoned. Dexter simply applied the name to his own
village.  Nathanial Brown had first named the Prairie
Creek village and had instituted a rivalry with the Dexter
village. When his sawmill failed, however, the settlement
rapidly declined and Brown returned to Chicago. Probably
as an evidence of the success of his people in the rivalry
for industrial importance Mr. Dexter took the other's name.
Ionia is of Greek origin and was the name applied to a large
territory in ancient Greece.




ALiONZO SESSIONS
The following sketch of the life of Alonzo Sessions appeared in the Ionia Sentinel,. Ionia, Mich.,, July 6th, 1886t
three days after his death and was from the pen of Gen.
3. H. Kldd, the editor.
"Alonzo Sessions was born August 4,. 1810, in Marcellusj,
Onondaga County, New York. He was of New England
stock., his grandfather having lived on a rough farm in the
state of Connecticut. Amasa, the eldest of eleven children
was the father of Alonzo. At the age of nineteen he made
his way on foot to the wilds of central New York where he
taught school and cleared land, alternately, till he earned
enough to pay for a farm on the east side of Skaneateles
lake, where he died in 1838. His wife, Phoebe Smith, was
a daughter of Job Smith, an officer of the revolutionary
army. Her brother was sheriff of the county and member
of -the legislature. Alonzo was one of nine children and
was trained in habits of frugality and industry, and in the
strictest of religious tenets, his parents being members of
the Baptist church. Being a diligent student he early acquired a good education and taught school. In 1831 he
went to Bennington and engaged as clerk in a store for
two years, receiving as compensation for his services, board
and ten dollars a month. In 1833 he left his native state
for Michigan, traveling from Detroit on foot, most of the
way, viz Mt. Clemens, Rome and Pontiac to Farmington,
where he struck the Grand River trail and followed it
through Shiawassee, Clinton and Ionia counties to the present site of the City of Ionia, where he found five families,
part of them living in unfinished log cabins, and others in
Indian wigwams. He then embarked in a batteau to Grand
Rapids, and thence went on foot, by way of Kalamazoo, to
White Pigeon where the U. S. land office was and entered
his land. The next winter he spent in Ohio, teaching school
in Dayton till 1835, when he bought a team and came
through his land on the south side of Grand River. The
journey consumed sixteen days and from Marshall was
through an unbroken wilderness. He built the first log
cabin in the township of Berlin and the first bridges across
the small streams between Ionia and Saranac. In 1837 he
married Celia, daughter of Samuel Dexter, the pioneer of
Ionia.. and sister of the late John C. Dexter., Stephen F.
Dexter, now of Evart, Mrs. Don Jones and Mrs. Tibbitts.
By her he has had 13 children, seven of whom and Mrs.
Sessions survive him. The farm which at first consisted




--~rl

I - -

Alonzo Sessions

Celia Dexter Sessions
60 -



of 360 acres, increased to 800, and though hewn out of the
wilderness has come to be one of the most valuable in
lonia county. Mr. Sessions has been greatly honored by his
fellow citizens in the matter of official positions. He was
the first supervisor of Berlin, and chairman of the first
board of supervisors for lonia county, and held the office
at intervals, 18 years in all. He was justice of the peace
for several years; was sheriff in 1841-2; member of the
legislature in the lower house in 1856-58-60; during his
last term in the legislature he was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the Fourth Michigan district and held
this position four years. In 1872 he was a presidential
elector on the republican ticket and chosen president of the
electoral college. In 1876 he was elected lieutanant-governor and re-elected in 1878. When the national banking
law was passed he, with others, started the First National
Bank of lonia, of which he has been a director since its
foundation, and president since 1866. In politics he was
a republican. He never united with any religious denomination of the church. He was of a stern, unyielding disposition, direct and inflexible of purpose himself and intolerant
of the opinions of those who differed with him. In his
business relations he was the soul of honor and he had no
sympathy for the weaknesses, or charity for the failings of
others, and had a hearty contempt for dishonesty in any of
its forms. His austere and cold bearing toward others repelled many who would have liked to be his friends, but if
he encouraged close intimacy it must have been with a limited circle. The rugged virtues of his character commanded
the respect of his fellow citizens, while he did not win their
affection like men of a more sympathetic mold and with
more of the milk of human kindness in their composition.
Yet, in spite of all this few men have wielded a greater influence in the community, or done more to set an example
of sturdy manhood and honest endeavor than Alonzo Sessions. He was certainly an exemplar of personal honesty
and unflagging industry, and viewed from most any light,
his life must be pronounced a success.
"If he appeared to take too morose and desponding a
view of human nature and the motives that govern men, it
was perhaps because he, in a long life devoted to the study
and observation of public affairs and political questions, had
detected so much that was unworthy, selfish and ignoble,
that his mental vision was obscured to the good that is in
men. He was inclined to be a pessimist in his measure of
men's characters and motives. He had a lofty ideal to




which few can attain and indeed of which he himself fell
short. But if we could all come as near it taken for all in
all, as he did, it would be cause for profound thankfulness."The foregoing sketch and analysis of the character of
Alonzo Sessions was written by one who was neither professedly friendly to him or whose political associates were
in harmony with the rigid views advocated by Mr. Sessions,
and yet it is as accurate as anything that could have been
written by a member of his family. It does not however
take account of the fact that over fifty years of the life of
the subject of the sketch was spent in the hard stern school
of necessity. He was obliged with muscle and brawn to
hew out a home for himself and his increasing family. His
indomitable spirit conquered, and he gave each of his children opportunities for education and social intercourse with
their equals that were denied to him. Fitted by nature to
have stood high in the councils of the nation, his life for
the most part was spent in the hard grind of manual labor.
With his wonderful energy and thoroughness it is impossible to predict what might have been his career had the
first half of his life been surrounded by more favorable
conditions. Social intercourse with one's equals or those
who have had a wider experience is a great educator and
tends to soften the lines that become too rigid in an atmosphere of isolation. He had rigid views as to economy., but
he was never mean in money matters and never took advantage of another's misfortunes. He loaned money to his
neighbors at regular rates, and on some occasions when he
had little hope that the loan would be paid. He loved his
children, but he exacted much because he expected much.
He was serious minded but nevertheless fond of social intercourse. Under a serious exterior he had a big heart, for
he would do much for a friend, and he had many. God
stamped him a man. While he held aloof from church associations, he respected and admired a good man or woman
none the less because they were church members. He had
no patience with cant or lip religion. As one recalls his
private and public career., not forgetting the stony farm
where by hard knocks he worked out his livelihood, the
great wonder is how he did it.
August, 1913               F. A. SESSIONS,




EARLY PIONEER LIFE IN IONIA.
Some Recollections of H. C. Sessions, as to His Early Days
in Ionia County.
I was born in a log house on the east bank of Stoney
Creek., lonia County which was the first house owned and
occupied by my father and mother. In this log house all
the cooking was done in a fire-place and the baking in an
old style oven built on the out side of the house-no stoves
-no lamps. The well-to-do and thrifty had tallow candles
for light.
My recollection of the log house begins about 1848. In
1849 or 1850 my father built a new house, the main part of
stone and the wing of the structure was constructed of
wood. This at the time was the largest and most extensive
house in the county. It contained two fire-places, one in
the basement for cooking, and one in the dining room for
the purpose of heating the house. In connection with the
fire-place, in the basement and built along side of it, was
situated a brick oven for baking, where all the bread, pies
and cakes, (if any) were baked for the family. It may be
of interest to the young folks of this generation, who in
order to bake turn on the gas and then think the domestic
work very hard.
In those days in order to do the baking the Dutch oven
had to be filled with wood, and then more wood, until full of
live coals, and the walls of the oven sufficiently hot to do
the baking after the coals were removed, which required
hours of preparation, generally a good half day. All candles were made by my mother, as well all soap, sugar, vinegar and molasses which was used by the family.
The yarn 'for stockings and mittens was spun by hand
and stockings and mittens knit at home.
In time the wood stove came in, which was used for cooking but no oven for baking. Then followed a stove with
an oven some years later. The next innovation was the
kerosene lamp. With the advent of the stove and the lamp
other inventions followed in rapid succession owing to the
advent of railroads which were constructed in our isection
in 1856 and '57.
In nay younger days before the advent of railroads, the
hay was cut with a scythe, wheat oats and other small grains




were cut with a cradle, which was raked and bound by
hand.
In time came mowing machines and rakes hauled by
horses for handling the hay, also a machine for cutting the
grain called a dropper. This latter machine would cut the
grain and the driver would drop it unbound, while men
would follow up and bind it by hand. These were soon
superceded by the binder of the day, which was a very crude
affair compared with the modern machine of today.
The above mark the differences of conveniences as between the early settlers of seventy-five years ago and today.
Indians were more frequent visitors to my father's house
than white men, except the immediate neighbors, striking
awe to my timid heart and I always had the sensation that
mother rested easier when the Indians moved on.
The Chief Cobmosa was a frequent visitor to our home,
he and my father being great friends. I recollect father
trading to him wheat for a double barreled shot-gun with
which I used to hunt turkeys and other game.

i      /




GENEALOGY OF THE SESSIONS FAMILY.
1677 to 1913.
Samuel or Alexander Sessions came to America from Wantage, England about 1677 and died In Andover, Mass.,
in 1689.
Nathaniel Sessions, born in Andover, Mass.,in 1680. Moved
to Pomfort, Conn., 1704 and was one of its first settlers. Died in 1771.
Capt. Amasa Sessions, born in Pomfort, Conn., in 1775.
Died In Pomfort, Conn., in 1799. He was a captain of
a company in the Old French War with Putman; by
his wife Hannah Miller had children among them
being:
Nathaniel Sessions, born June 10th, 1750, died October 5,
1824 in Union, Conn., his wife Jane Wales was bornAmasa Sessions, born June 30, 1770, went to Skaneattles,
N. Y., 1798, married three times, was a Baptist, Antimason and anti-slavery. Among his children by second
marriage to Lilla Bennett, was
Alonzo Sessions, born 1810, his wife Celia Dexter Sessions.
To whom were bornSidney Sessions, (unmarried), member 8th Ill. Cavalry,
killed at Whitehouse Landing 1862.
John A. Sessions-died in Ionia. Children, Clara, Millie,
Clyde and Roy Sessions, all living.
Henry C. Sessions, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Children,
Alonzo B., Katherine Sessions-Holmes, Jay B., Aileen,
Hal C., Olive May Sessions, all living.
Elizabeth Sessions Sheldon, Seattle, Wash. Children, Mary
Celia, Ellen, Frank, Alice and Edward M., Jr.
Frank A. Sessions, Reading, Pa., unmarried.
Carrie M. Sessions Loomis, Ionia, Michigan.  Children,
Mary, John, Arthur and Edward.
Ralph D. Sessions, Reading, Pa.




GENEALOGY OF THE DEXTER FAMILY OF AMERICA.
Sir Gregory Dexter, (First American Ancestor), born at
Olney Northhampton, England in 1610. He afterward resided in London, England, where he owned a printing
establishment. In the meantime Roger Williams, the famous Puritan that came to the United States with his young
wife and settled in the vicinity of Boston, but being dissatisfied with the way the Indians were being treated by
the main body of Puritans, he moved to what is now Rhode
Island, being followed by a number of adherents, where he
purchased land of the Indian chiefs and founded the city
of Providence, and established the first Baptist church. He
wrote a dictionary of the Indian language, and desiring
to have it printed he went back to London for that purpose,
and in this way met Gregory Dexter who printed the dictionary, a book of about two-thirds the size of an old fashioned Saunders spelling book, and a copy of which is in the
possession of the Congressional Library at Washington, D.
C., one of their very rare specimens. The two men formed
a very close friendship and Roger Williams persuaded Gregory Dexter to return with him to the colonies which he
did in 1644, bringing his printing establishment with him,
settling in Providence.  He was the first accomplished
printer in America, (Thomas History of Printing, as found
among manuscript papers of President Stiles of Yale College). He printed the charters of the colonies and is named
in the second Sir Charles, 11-1663. (This was sent me by
Miss Flora Dexter of Kenosha, Wisconsin, R. D. 34, and I
hardly know what it means, but if you wish, you can write
and ask her). He also printed the first almanac for the
meridian of Rhode Island. He secured from the King of
England the charter of the whole state of Rhode Island;
was one of its foremost men; studied for a preacher, and
at the death of Roger Williams, succeeded him in the pulpit. He lived to be ninety (90) years of age, and left
several children and the family is a large and well-known
one today.
His son Stephen and his wife were killed by the Indians
during one of the wars at that time. Gregory Dexter died
in 1700.
2nd. His son Stephen married Mary Arnold.    Born,
Providence, R. I., 1647; died, 1676.
3rd. His son John Dexter married Mary Feild. Born,
Providence, R I., 1670; died 1734 at Smithfeild, R. I.




4th. His son John Dexter married Mary Browne. Born,
1701 Smithfeild; died 1780 at Smithfeild, R. I.
5th. His son William Dexter married Rhoda Warner.
Born Smithfeild, R. I., 1728; died
6th. His son Samuel Dexter married Candace Winsor or
Windsor. Born Smithfeild, R. I., 1757; died
Candace Winsor was born in 1758 and was a daughter
of Rev. Eseck Winsor, connected with the Revolutionary
War as chaplain of a Rhode Island regiment. The Winsor's were noted for their learning and piety, many of
them becoming ministers of the Baptist church. Candace
Winsor, was a lineal descendant of Roger Williams, the
fourth generation from Williams. Her great grandfather,
Samuel Winsor, having married Mercy, widow of Resolved
Waterman and daughter of Roger Williams. At the age
of 75 years Candace Winsor Dexter was a member of the
colony of 63 people that emigrated from New York in the
spring of 1833, under the leadership of her son Samuel and
settled at what is now Ionia, Mich. Here she lived for
13 years and died at the age of 88 years in 1846 and is
buried in Ionia, in Oak Hill cemetery.
Her husband was Samuel Dexter and he also was a
soldier in the Revolutionary War, being an ensign in Col.
Lippits, R. I. regiment.  They afterward removed to
Herkimer County, N. Y. They were the parents of thirteen
children, as follows:
William, born No. 14, 1778.
Prudence, born Nov. 2, 1779.
Ann, born March 10, 1781.
John, born Jan. 23, 1783.
Darius Dexter, born Nov. 26, 1784.
Mercy, born Aug. 19, 1786.
Samuel, born Dec. 15, 1757.
Betsey, born Oct. 7, 1791.
Winsor, born Sept. 1, 1793.
Otis, born June 3, 1795.
Warner, born March 15, 1797.
Geo. Washington, born, Aug. 4, 1798.
Stephen, born Oct. 19, 1801.
There has been received by me items concerning descendants of six of their sons, making seven of the children of
whom nothing is known at the present time. Those known
are: John Darius, Samuel (founder of Ionia), Otis, Geo.
W. and Stephen.
John and Darius the fourth and fifth children, as young
men engaged In the lumber business on the banks of




Chataqua Lake, N. Y., founding the village of Dexterville,
which is now a suburb of Jamestown and the stone house
which Darius built is still standing there. These brothers
moved further west in 1838-Darius settling in Pike
County, Illinois and John settling and locating a large
farm five miles from the present city of Kenosha, Wisconsin. Darius has a number of descendants living now in
Pike County. One daughter, Larnia, married John Baird
and their daughter Mary, became the wife of William Jennings Bryan, the famous "Commoner" and present Secretary of State. One of his sons Harrison by name, was for
many years in the lumber business in Cincinnatti, when he
died, and his daughter, the only child, is now a resident of
Los Angeles, her name being Mrs. McFarlane. Darius Dexter had another son, Perry, who left many descendants In
Pike County. Mrs. McFarlane was the only child and
when Miss Flora Dexter's brother went to Cincinnatti and
hunted them up after her father's death, said, "She would
welcome any Dexter relative with open arms, as she had not
heard her father's name in years."
Otis, the tenth child, was associated with John and Darius
at Dexterville, N. Y. for a time, but left and for many
years was Captain of an Ohio river steamboat. A grandson of Otis Dexter, W. T. Wilson is living at Logansport,
Indiana, a man of unusual attainments and of very high
standards. He graduated from   Princeton University in
1874, later from Columbia Law School and then from a
Business College in Pittsburg and is now a lawyer and
banker. He visited the descendants of John near Kenosha
in September, 1906, accompanied by his daughter Dorothy,
then aged 15.
During the month of July just past, a Miss Marsden of
Yonkers, N. Y., another descendant of Otis Dexter has also
been visiting the Dexters at Kenosha.
John and Darius Dexter married sisters, Sophia and Hetty
Winsor of Providence, Rhode Island.
John in 1838 located land near Kenosha which is now
the property of his grandson Walter, now 71 years of age,
who inherited it from his grandfather, his grandfather having raised him, his only heir. John had only two children,
Jackson and Louisa. The son died at the age of 29, leaving a little son Walter who was raised by his grandfather.
Louisa died at the age of 25 years, leaving no heirs.
Walter, now living at "Dexter Farm" has six children.
A married son in Chicago who has three sons, Howard, Walter and Robert Dexter; a daughter, Mrs. Courtlandt Dewey




of Kenosha, who has two daughters, Perdita and Persis.
Perdita was married last July 19, to Charles A. Pope, whose
father is head of the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. Her
new home will not be very far f rom Mrs. Julia Jones
Smead. Two daughters, one of whom is Miss Flora Dexter (very bright and entertaining), and two sons, interested
In stock raising are with their father.
John, in 1842 built a large white brick house of seventeen rooms and it was the family's pride to beautify its
"dold fashlonedness" but three years ago it caught fire and
burned to the ground with all its highly treasured relicsthe only one they saved was an old deed made out by Samuel
and Candace Dexter with Samuel Dexter, Jr., as one of the
witnesses and which they had framed. They now have a
fine modern new house and this deed is their most treasured possession, hanging in their library. But nothing can
ever take the place of the old home. (I want to say that
Miss Flora Dexter had a photo taken of this deed and
sent to Mrs. Arthur Loomis, her new found cousin, and
I presume if you would like a copy for the projected book
you could secure it through her.)
It was by the big fire place in this old home that the
present Dexter,, then a boy, can remember seeing the four
brothers standing together. Samuel, Otis and Darius having come on a visit In 1855 to visit their older brother
John, all white haired men. That was the year before
your grandfather died. Miss Flora Dexter wrote me that
her father had always felt very much alone., many times
she having heard him say, "It seems strange that I have
no relatives on the Dexter side, when I consider grandfathers ten brothers, whose descendants must surely be in
existence somewhere." The first "discovery" came in 1904
when his son Walter (named for his father) went to Cmncinnatti and found the Dexter lumber business therethough its head was dead and found in that way Mrs. McFarlane, with whom he is now well acquainted. Afterward when Mr. Bryan became so widely known the ancestry of his wife was made public and W. T. Wilson wrote
to her and as she knew Mrs. McFarlane, all that acquaintance quickly began. They had never heard of the Ionia
relatives since the time Samuel visited the old home in
1855, until I made it known this spring which happened
in this way:  Last year the program committee of the
Women's Literary Club came to me for suggestions and.1
told them that I thought some recognition of the 80th anniversary of the founding of Ionia would be very appro



priate for the last club program preceding May 2 8th, Ionia's
80th birthday. When I opened the year book., they had put
me down for a paper on "The Life of Samuel Dexter."
I gasped,, as I knew then there was very little in local histories,, but I must say it led me into very pleasant paths
even if they have been arduous ones to follow. I thought
of course Mrs. Loomis could help me and in January phoned
to her, when to my astonishment she said she knew scarcely nothing. After a while I received the genealogy of your
grandfather's family from Miss Belle Tower of Grand Rapids also a short letter descriptive of the trip from New York
of the colonists written by her mother., Prudence Dexter
Dallas-Tower. In the meantime I wrote to James Tibbitts
of Washington to see if he could tell me anything of interest, and after a long time he sent me the f amily line from
Gregory Dexter and quite a good deal he had gleaned from
a visitt made to Hzerkimer County, N. Y., also from the files
of the Rhode Island Historical association in Washington,
where of course you know he is located. A very few days
after I received his letter, I noticed in a Sunday newspaper the fact that Mrs. Bryan was eligible to the D. A. R.
and traced her ancestry from Gregory Dexter. I thought it
over a few days and thought quite likely she was eligible to
the D. A. R., through Samuel Dexter, your great grandfather. So I write to her, told her how and by whom Ionia
was settled and what I had on hand and she wrote me a
kind and lengthy letter, in which she stated that I must
surely be on the track of her ancestors as they also came
from Herkimer Co., N. Y., but as her books were at home
in Lincoln, Neb., she could not tell for sure whether Samuel
and Darius (her grandfathers) were brothers and so told
me to be sure and write Miss Flora Dexter who was very
much interested in the "Dexters" and had all the data,
which of course I did, and it has been the means of this
branch of the Dexters becoming known to those branches
and Mrs. Smead and Mrs. Myra Kidd who have been east
visiting from Los Angeles have been out to Kenosha, (they
thought Myra the sweetest thing they ever laid eyes on),
and have been to Mrs. Smeads; also Dan and Belle Tower
met them at Mrs. Smeads and they all were going out to
Kenosha but Daniel Tower was taken sick and had to return to Grand Rapids. Much pleasure has come from all
this to all the members of the family.
Ionia's celebration was much appreciated and grew in
enthusiasm. The Club day program, Saturday May 2 4th,
was given over to me entirely and proposed holding it in the




Baptist church as that was the first church established in
lonia, Samuel Dexter and his wife being two of its first
members, also they gave the land where the present church
now stands. Six of his grandchildren occupied front seats
besides many other descendants and I surprised them with
the many things they had known nothing of before. Also
I presented the large picture of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Dexter to the city which a club of ladies did at my instigation.
Then the next day came the write-up in the Detroit paper to
give the affair state interest-hundreds of extra copies being ordered-and it aroused a great interest along the
route taken by the colony 80 years ago. Then on Wednesday May 28th, the real birthday came-the Historical Pageant given on the school grounds by 150 to 175 school
children in six scenes-going far beyond anyone's expectations and as the day was ideal, witnessed by hundreds of
people. Camera men were there also, and "bushels" of
post card views have been sold. Altogether it proved a beautiful and educational remembrance for Ionia. In twenty
years when Grand Rapids and lonia each will have their
100th birthday it is already planned to have a joint celebration as Grand Rapids celebrates June 25th as her birthday-the date Joel Guild, one of the men who came with
the Dexter colony, but decided soon to remove down there,
arrived there with his family.
I also came into knowledge that George and Stephen,
the two youngest children out of that family of thirteen,
came to lonia county some two years after Samuel, and
located farms in Easton. They had nineteen children between them but all the children are dead but Mrs. Dunham,
a daughter of Stephen, 80 years old and who this spring
removed to Ann Arbor to live with her daughter Ida, (Mrs.
Jachariah York.)
I received a letter from Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Aldrich,
who have a farm a little way out of Lake Odessa, in this
county. Mr. Aldrich being a grandson of Stephen Dexter
(brother to Samuel), and they were greatly interested in all
the data. They drove over to the Historical Pagaent but
did not make themselves known. Have a chest, in good condition marked "S. Dexter, Grand River Valley via Mackinaw, care Rix Robinson, trader, Crockery," which they are
going to bring to Ionia, to be put in the Historical Room.
As for Samuel, all that I have learned since I gave the
address was that Samuel (the founder of lonia) took the
contract for building quite a large section of the Erie Canal and that his wife went with him to see to the care of the




large force of men on the canal boat he purchased. At home
were his father and mother, Samuel and Candace Dexter,
as also the children, who were cared for by a relative. Your
great grandfather, Samuel always held that the Erie Canal
project would never be a success, but he lived to see it
finished and rode upon it himself. Samuel Dexter (your
grandfather) sold the farm in Herkimer County for $12,000.00 in gold and silver which was packed in kegs for
shipment and then labelled "axes" for safety, and on the
trip two men of the party always kept watch over them.
His mother's special pet was her granddaughter "Prudie," (Prudence Dexter Dallas-Tower), whose eyes were so
weak she never attended school after she was thirteen,
and on the trip of the colonists out from Detroit, they
would both sit in one of the wagons and the grandmother
would hold an umbrella over the child to keep the strong
sunlight from her. Of course the family during the first
summer lived in one of the bark wigwams purchased by
Mr. Dexter from the Indians. In the middle of the earthen
floor was a pit in which on cool days fires were built, and
the smoke would not all escape through the hole in the
roof, and hurt the child's eyes, so she was placed in a corner and a blanket stretched across in front of her to protect her and then the grandmother would sit outside of
the blanket and read to her.
Samuel Dexter married Anna Fargo and they were the
parents of ten children, all born in New York, except Helen
the youngest daughter, who afterward became the wife of
Chauncey Elwood. The only "Dexters" living today to
carry down the family name in this branch, are:   Mr.
E. L. Dexter of Winters, California and Czar Dexter of
Eddy, Montana. E. L. Dexter is the grandson of Lorenzo
and is the father of two daughters and Czar Dexter has
no children, so the family name becomes extinct in this
generation. Their children were as follows:
Lorenzo Dexter, grandson is E. L. Dexter.
Mary Dexter Tibbitts.
Celia Dexter Sessions.
John C. Dexter.
Prudence Dexter Dallas-Tower.
Stephen Dexter-son, Czar Dexter.
Harvey Dexter.
Emmeline Dexter Jones.
Riley Dexter.
Helen Dexter Elwood.




Samuel Dexter and wife are burled In Oak Hill Cemetery at Ionia, and on the monument standing in the center of the lot are the following words:
(On one side):
"'Samuel Dexter who passed to a higher life,, Aug. 6,, 1865,,
Aged 6 9."
(On the opposite side):
"'Sacred to the memory of Anna Fargo, wife of
Samuel Dexter."
(On the front):
"'Mr. and Mrs. Dexter were the pioneers in the settlement
of Ionia County-the honored founders of this beautiful and growing city. It seems most fitting that
their last resting place should be upon an
eminence overlooking the grand results
to which they opened the way."
MRS. L. P. BROCK.




GENEALOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT WINSOR
FAMILY IN THE UNITED STATEES.
(BY OLNEY WINSOR).
(Printed in Providence, R. I., by L. W. Winsor, I1947;
No. C. S. 71ui1W. 766).
Extracts.
In the fifteenth century Lord Edward Windsor, a Roman
Catholic was beheaded, probably on account of the religious troubles of those times.
Family records still existing., state that in the reign of
Henry VII., Winsor Castle with the land about it,. was
presented by the family to the reigning monarch, who
converted it into a royal castle and residence, and in honor
of the donor, continued its ancient name. This is the
present royal residence of the English Kings.
U~nder Henry VIII., Robert Windsor, a Roman Catholic
Knight probably a son or grandson of Lord Edward Windsor, raised an army against the Protestants. The name
and arms of the family were left out of the book of heraldry when same was raised, but they were preserved by
the emigrant, Joshua Winsor who came to America in
1638, settling in Providence.
Robert Windsor, above mentioned, had a son Samuel,
whose son was named John. The latter had a son Samuel, whose son Joshua was the emigrant who came to
America before mentioned. He was one of twenty who
paid the thirty pounds, which had previously been paid
the Indians by Roger Williams for land purchased when
Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Colony.
These twenty persons were admitted by Roger Williams
as equal sharers with twelve others who had come to Williams asylum and therefore became the first settlers after
Williams in Providence.
On his arrival in America, Joshua Winsor dropped the
letter "d" which has been adopted by his posterity. The
name of his wife is not known.
He had one son, Samuel, and three daughters., Sarah.,
Susanna and Mary. Samuel married Merry Waterman, the
widow of Resolved Waterman of Warwick. She being the
daughter of Roger Williams.
A later descendant, Candace Winsor, married Samuel
Dexter,, the father of Samuel Dexter, Jr., the founder of
Ionia.
MRS. L. P. BROCK.







A BRIEF AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF

HENRY CLAY SESSIONS.
Son of Alonzo Sessions and Celia Dexter Sessions of
lonia, Michigan, was born in the township of Berlin, lonia
County, October 7th, 1844.
I lived on a farm with my parents until eighteen years
old. Attended district school winters and worked on the
farm the balance of the time.
My father had bought a section of land from the government about 1833, upon which he lived and farmed from
1835 until his death, and was rated as one of the large
farmers of the county.
At the age of sixteen I went to a select school at lonia,
walking to school in the morning and home at night, three
and one-half miles each way, and also did quite a number
of chores morning and night. My tasks would begin about
5 A. M. and be over about 7 P. M.
At the age of eighteen taught a district school in the
John B. Welch district, four and one-half miles north of
Ionia for a stipulated sum per month and boarding with the
patrons of the school.
When nineteen taught school in the Loomis district, one
mile south of lonia.
In the spring of 1844, being then in my twentieth year,
I enlisted as a musician in General Custer's Brigade band.
This brigade was composed at that time of the First, Sixth
and Seventh Michigan Cavalry regiments, and the First
Vermont Cavalry. This brigade was commanded by General
Custer from 1861 to 1864, and by its fighting qualities and
success in many battles and skirmishes contributed to his
fame as a general, while his fame shed glory on the troops
he commanded. I served until mustered out in the fall of
1865 at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas.
In the spring of 1864 it was generally supposed the war
would soon be over, but as history shows some of the hardest fighting of the war was yet in store for the Army of
the Potomac. The cavalry brigade was a part of General
Sheridan's cavalry corps, and was with General Grant's
army about Petersburg and City Point, Virginia, until the
fall of 1864 when General Sheridan with his cavalry corps
and two or three corps of infantry was sent into Shenandoah
valley against General Early, who up to that time had been
successful over the Union troops sent against him. As is
well known, Sheridan succeeded in annihilating Early's
army after some very severe engagements.




Generals Custer and Sheridan I used to see often when
on the march. I saw General Grant several times, and President Lincoln~ two or three times-the last time when he
came to City Point to confer with General Grant just before
the surrender of General Lee. I saw all the great generals
as they assembled for the grand review at Washington in
May, 1865, after the close of the war.
After the grand review our brigade was ordered to Ft.
Leavenworth, Kansas, to be fitted up for the plains and help
quell the Indians. I secured a furlough at Ft. Leavenworth,
and went home but had to return there for my discharge.
Soon after I went home, being anxious for more education, I went to Lima, N. Y. to school. I spent one and onehalf years there. Then one year at the Agricultural College at Lansing, Michigan. I was principal of the schools
at Saranac, Michigan., one year. Then I commenced the
study of law with the firm of Wells and Morse, at Ionia.
This was one of the leading law firms of that section, and
was a good connection for me as I had decided to make the
law my life profession.
They were each good lawyers and gave me all the help
possible.  Mr. Wells was afterwards probate judge, and
later consul to some post in Scotland. Hon. A. B. Morse
afterwards became a member of the supreme court of the
sttate of Michigan, and was also consul for the United States
at Dundee, Scotland. Mr. Morse was an able lawyer and
an upright jurist. We have been lifelong friends.
During my time as a law student I was off ered the position of deputy county clerk of Ionia county, which I accepted and at the end of term was elected to the position of
clerk and served two terms. In the meantime was admitted
to the bar, and was married to Fannie L. Bangs, the mother
of Alonzo Bangs Sessions, Mrs. Katharine Holmes and Jay
Bagley Sessions.
Alonzo B. and Jay B. served through the Spanish War
and Filipino Insurrection of 1898 and 1899 with the First
South Dakota Infantry, U. S. V. Alonzo B. commanded
Company B of Sioux Falls, and was in the service from
April 25-th, 18908 to October 5, 1899. Jay B. went out as
musician of Company B, transferred to Company D and was
made a corporal, later assigned to duty with the regimental
band as drum major. When the regiment left the Philippines he re-enlisted with the 37th U. S. volunteers, and
remained on the islands unt-il 1901. Both took part in many.engagements with the Filipinos, and acquitted themselves
with credit.




Fannie L. Bangs was the daughter of Francis L. Bangs,
a Methodist minister and a close relative of Nathan B.
Bangs, one of the founders of the Methodist Book concern. Her mother's maiden name was Webb. She was a
sister of Dr. Fred Bangs of San Jose, California, and A. V.
Bangs of the same place.
I practiced law in Ionia for about ten years, when I
moved to South Dakota, settled at Groton and organized
the Farmers' Bank. I moved from there to Columbia a
year later and organized the First National Bank of Columbia and became its president.
Columbia was then the county seat of Brown county. In
time we found the taxes so high that we decided to surrender the charter and organize a private ýbank. This we
did, and then came the dry years and the panic of '9 3. We
borrowed $10,000.00 and paid off our depositors and quit
the business with all my property pledged for the money
borrowed.
It was while at Columbia and before the financial misfortunes that overtook me as a result of the dry years,
that my beloved wife Fannie L. died and was buried in the
cemetery at that place.
The family moved from Columbia to Aberdeen and for a
time I was associated with Henry Williams in publishing
the Aberdeen Daily News.
On December 6, 1892 was married to Margaret M. Lower
of Osage, Iowa who is the youngest daughter of Charles
B. Lower and Mary B. Lower, late of Osage, Iowa, both
now deceased. Mrs. Sessions' sisters are Mrs. Addie Roberts
of Plankinton, S. D., now deceased; Mrs. Nettie McKenna of
Osage, Iowa.; Mrs. Benjamin Richardson of Wordsley, England; Mrs. E. B. Farnham of Charles City, Iowa.
The children of this union are Aileen Sessions, Hal C.
Sessions, Jr., and Mary Olive Sessions, all are living. Aileen
and Hal were born at Aberdeen and Mary Olive in Sioux
Falls.
In 1897 the family moved from Aberdeen to Sioux Falls,
where it has since resided, and where all my children are
living except Mrs. Katharine Sessions Holmes of Verdon,
South Dakota.
MICHIGAN ST/AT EF
LANSIN(-,




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