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PREFACE.
1I-HIE stories in this little book are true.
-4i2 It gives an account of the manner in'W  * wwhich a down-trodden people received
the gospel. They told the missionaries they had been waiting for "White Foreigners from over the water" to bring them
God's Book; their fathers had bidden them
expect happiness to reach them in this way.
You like to read of great conquerors and
brave soldiers. IH-ere is the story of some of
the conquests of Jesus, the Prince of Peace,
and of some of the faithful soldiers who have
fought under his banner.  Nobler battles
these than any to which mortal kings have
led their followers; far braver soldiers these,




6                  PREFACE.
who have willingly  and  cheerfully suffered
years of privation and persecution for the
love they bore to their Saviour and Lord.
The kings of the earth kill to conquer; the
King of Heaven died to save.
The Son of God goes forth to war,
A kingly crown to gain;
His blood-red banner streams afar,
Who follows in his train?
A noble army, men and boys,
The matron and the maid,
Around the Saviour's throne rejoice,
In robes of light arrayed.
They climbed the steep ascent of heaven
Through peril, toil, and pain;
O God, to us may grace be given,
To follow in their train.




pr-aX
I. Burmah, with its Animals and Plants -— PAGE   9
II. The Religion and Customs of the Burmese ---'20
III. Two Burmese Legends ---------------------  36
IV. Dr. Judson visits France, England, and India,
and settles at Rangoon —---------------- 44
V. Some Visits paid by Mrs. Judson --              52
VI. Missionary Hopes and Fears in Rangoon - - -   58
VII. Visits to the King at Ava, and their Results —  71
VIII. Dr. Judson and Dr. Price in the Prison —----  85
IX. The Prison at Oung-ben-lai ---------------- 104
X. Dr. Judson alone at Amherst ------------- 123
XI. Maulmain, and New Missionaries --               127
XII. The Karens at Dong-yahn, and their Traditions 133
XIII. A Priest's Funeral-The Story of Guapung- - - 145
XIV. Mr. and Mrs. Boardman go to Tavoy-The
Rebellion ---- 155




8                    CONTENTS.
XV. Mr. Boardman's Work finished-Dr. Mason
takes his Place at Tavoy   -------------- 169
XVI. Dr. Judson at Rangoon again-He brings
Mrs. Boardman to Maulmain -------- -- 180
XVII. Mr. Kincaid at Rangoon and Ava —Story of
Persecutions and of a Christian Governor
of Bassein — -   ------- -------------- 187
XVIII. Mr. Kincaid among Robbers --------—. 196
XIX. Last Days of Kothahbyn ------—. —----- 204
XX. Mr. Abbott and Mr. Kincaid at ArracanStory of Chetya ------- --------------- 209
XXI. Dr. Judson's Home --------------------- 217
XXII. A Grave at St. Helena; and a Visit to America 229
XXIII. The Return to Maulmain —----------- 2-36
XXIV. "Bat Castle"-Persecutions in Rangoon —-  240
XXV. Native Preachers-Story of Myat Kyan  - -- 253
XXVI. Martyrdom of Thagua ---------------- 261
XXVII. Dr. Judson's Last Voyage ---------------- 266
XXVIII. The Dispensary at Rangoon. —----          ----  275
XXIX. How the Persecutions in Pegu were ended
by its Annexation to British India ------ 284
XXX. The Gospel spreading in Rangoon and the
Country around ----------------------- 301
XXXI. Dr. and Mrs. Mason remove to TounghooSketch of Sau Quala ------------------ 311




/9 ~        THE
WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER I.
jURMAH, WITH  ITS ANIMALS AND
PLANTS.
BURMAH is a country a littie farther distant than India
is.  In the north it touches
India, and is sometimes spoi   ken of as Farther India. No
-  doubt you can point to it on
the map of the world, and
know that the broad waters
— i_   I    of the Bay of Bengal wash its
__ _  shores.
--.Burmah is a warm, pleasant, and beautiful land, with
high mountains, wide plains, deep fertile val2




10     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
leys, and broad rivers. A great number of
people dwell in it, either in cities built along
the river banks, or in smaller towns and villages scattered over the country.
The largest river in Burmah is the Irrawadi,
which runs through the country, and divides
into a number of channels or mouths where it
enters the Bay of Bengal. A good many cities and towns are built upon its banks: Ava,
Prome, Rangoon, Bassein, and many more.
Another river, the Salween, flows very much
in the same direction, and at its mouth are
built Amherst and Maulmain. Between the
Irrawadi and the Salween is another river,
the Sittang, upon the banks of which the old
city of Tounghoo is situated. Lower down
on the seacoast are Tavoy and Mergui, and
to the north lies the province of Arracan.
But the towns and villages, and the cultivated land around them, by no means fill the
country. There are vast jungles and forests,
in which wild beasts roam at pleasure. Tigers, leopards, elephants, buffaloes, wild hogs
and oxen, and many kinds of deer are found
in the land. They are not all creatures that
you would wish to meet, are they? unless3




BUIRMAIL DESCRIBED.          11
indeed, you were well armed and prepared
for-them, then a hunt might be pleasant.
The elephants are sometimes hunted for
the sake of their tusks; and many are caught
and tamed and forced to work for their owners. I am sure you have often heard stories
of elephants, and know what sensible creatures they are.  White elephants are very
much prized, and the kings always like to
possess one or more, and to have the title of
"Lord of the white elephant."
Men are sometimes eaten by the tigers.
These animals do not, like the wild elephants,
keep far away from the villages, but will venture quite close to them, and will even enter
the compounds, that is, the house enclosures.'
If once a tiger has eaten human flesh, and
finds out how nice it is, he will always try to
get more, and then it is very dangerous to
meet him.
Once a missionary reached a lonely cabin
just at dusk, and was surprised to find it
closely barricaded all around. He called to
the men who were inside, and asked of what
enemy they were afraid, that they should
shut themselves in so closely.  They told




12    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
him that the day before a man had been
eaten by a tiger close by. When this was
known, five men had armed themselves, and
had gone out to hunt and kill the animal.
They found the track, and were following it;
but instead of succeeding in killing the tiger,
he had come out boldly on to the plain, and
had actually leaped upon one of his pursuers,
and devoured him also. The other four had
returned to their hut, and, for fear the tiger
should attack them, had barricaded themselves in. As it was already dusk, I should
think the missionary must have been glad to
take refuge with them for the night. A tiger
once actually walked into a wayside shed and
carried off a young man who was sleeping
among a number of others.
Leopards also attack men, and will even
climb trees.  Two men were overtaken by
night in the forests near Maulmain.  No
house was near, so they climbed a large tree
and went to sleep among the branches. One
man was on a low branch, and by-and-by he
was awakened by something creeping along
the branch above him. From what he could
distinguish of the dusky form in the darkness,




BURMAH DESCRIBED.            13
he thought it was a tiger. He was not far
wrong; it was a leopard. He called to his
sleeping companion, the man answered, and
the leopard was perfectly still for a few minutes-not a claw moved.  But though the
man had answered, he was not aroused, and
was sound asleep again directly. His companion dared not go to him, and in a little
time the leopard seized him, and jumping
down with him, ate him there at the foot of
the tree.
The rhinoceros is as much feared as the
tiger, and this animal is very common. If it
is once provoked, it will not leave its enemy;
and it is so thickly covered with hard skin
that it is not easy to kill. If a man, to escape
the rage of a rhinoceros, climbs a tree, it is
said that the huge creature will remain at its
foot for three or four days without once quitting its post. Rhinoceroses like muddy places
in which they can roll about, and they are met
with mostly on the river banks, though they
sometimes roam over the mountains.  The
Chinese buy rhinoceros horns for medicine: I
cannot tell you for what diseases they use
them.




14     TH E WHITE FOREIGNERS.
There are plenty of monkeys of different
kinds among the trees, gibbering and chattering.  One species, the long-armed ape, is
very plentiful, and these monkeys have a
habit of screaming as soon as the day dawns.
There is a monkey, too, which abounds on
the sea-shore, called the fisher-monkey. It
feeds upon crabs and shell-fish. The fishermonkeys come down in troops when the tide
is low, to hunt; and there you might see
them, some busy turning over the stones, others breaking open shells, or thrusting their
arms into the sand to dig out the crabs which
have buried themselves to escape their foes.
These monkeys like fruit as well as fish.
Once a missionary, Dr. Mason, was passing
near the shore in a boat, and a troop of fishermonkeys followed him for some distance to
get tie plantains which he threw into the
water for them.
There are also large numbers of squirrels
and bats. The largest kind of bat is called
the flying fox, and sometimes it measures
more than a yard across the wings frolm tip
to tip. These bats are very fond of fruit, and
steal it wherever they can. In some parts of




BUIRMAH DESCRIBED.            15
the country they may be seen, many of them
together, hanging by their heels, as is the
custom of bats, from the tops of the palmtrees.  The bats which get into houses are
smaller. You will by-and-by read of a house
in which there were a great number of these
troublesome creatures.
Of birds there are many, such as vultures,
eagles, kites, buzzards, falcons, owls, hawks,
and crows.  Crows are so plentiful everywhere, that women, when carrying fruit, always have a stick to drive them away. They
are very bold indeed. One pleasant morning
a gentleman was sitting in his verandah, sipping coffee. His toast was on the table by
his side, and he was enjoying the cool freshness of the morning air. For a minute he
turned away to speak to some one, and on
looking round again he discovered that a
greedy crow had actually carried his toast
away. Don't you think it must have been
crows that Pharaoh's baker, of whom we read
in the Bible, saw in his dream devouring the
baked meats out of the basket on his head?
Then there are birds of a different kind,
such as wagtails, finches, larks, hornbills, tai



16     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
lor-birds, cuckoos; and one, the paradise edolius, is a very beautiful singer. There are
parrots, peacocks, pheasants, partridges, pigeons, quails, turtle-doves, and wild fowl. By
the rivers and seaside you would find adjutants, bitterns, ibises, herons, rails, snipes,
oyster-catchers, teals, pelicans, cormorants,
scissors-bills, and many more. Some of these
you know as English birds; but though they
have the same name, and are of similar kinds,
most of them  are of different species from
those we see here. The parrots often come
down in great flocks upon the rice-fields, and
are very destructive. Pelicans, too, are seen
in flocks of from fifty to a hundred. The
birds' nests which are eaten by the Chinese
are found on the coast near Tavoy; they are
built by a species of swallow in limestone
caves, and are collected by the natives for
sale.
Crocodiles, turtles, lizards, serpents, and
frogs abound. Some of the lizards are useful
for killing rats; but they are at the same time
very disagreeable, because they get so much
into the houses: you could never be sure, if
you were eating your dinner in Burmah, that




BURMAHI DESCRIBED.              I1
a lizard would not drop down from the ceiling on to the table. Some of the lizards are
eaten for food.
Insects are very plentiful. Here are the
names of some: tiger-beetles, long-snouted
beetles, capricorn-beetles, camelopard, ladybird, musk, and chameleon  beetles.  The
wing-cases of the chameleon-beetle are very
beautiful, and are used for necklaces, or mixed
with flowers for head-ornaments.  The capricorn-beetle is more than two inches long,
and sometimes flies into the houses at Maulmain.  Here are glowworms, fireflies, blisterflies, locusts, soothsayers, the walking-stick
and walking-leaf insects, ants, butterflies, spiders, and ant-lions, which make pits for other
insects. One species of the walking - stick
insect is nearly twelve inches long.  The
soothsayers, or mantis, are considered very
pious insects, because they hold their forefeet together as though they were praying.
Xavier, it is said, once seeing a mantis moving
along in its solemn way, told it to sing hymns,
and immediately it began to sing.  I don't
think any one has heard it since. The white
ants are very troublesome in the houses, deWhite Foreigners.    3




18     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
stroying every thing. At one time of the year
they come into the houses in such numbers
that people are glad to go anywhere to be out
of their way.
Large books have been written describing
these living creatures and their wonderful
habits, and still there is a great deal to tell.
"The works of the Lord are great, sought
out of all those who have pleasure therein."
These beasts and birds and insects are some
of his works; and I hope you find pleasure in
seeking out as much knowledge concerning
them as possible.
I must just say a word about the plants of
Burmah. There are many fine timber-trees
growing in-the forests; one of tl4e principal is
the teak-tree, the wood of which is very hard,
and another is the ironwood-tree. Then there
are pine and palms of many kinds; and trees
bearing most gorgeous flowers and most luscious fruits, such as jacks, breadfruit-trees,
tamarinds, mulberries, citrons, oranges, guavas, mangoes, cocoa-nuts, cashew-nuts, and
many more. There are vegetables and flowers in plenty for the gardens and fields: yams,
beans, potatoes, tomatoes, mushrooms, pine



BURMAH DESCRIBED.            19
apples, wheat, maize, rice, and so on. Ferns,
mosses, and orchids grow in great luxuriance,
and in wet seasons so quickly do they grow
that long fern-fronds are sometimes seen
hanging from the half-finished brick-work of
the pagodas, where masons were at-work not
many weeks before.  The orchids are peculiarly beautiful on account of their lovely fragrant flowers; many of these which grow as
wild-flowers in Burmah are cultivated in England with great care in hothouses.
These are a few, and but very few, of the
plants found in Burmah; but it will be enough
to show how fertile a land it must be, a land
in which God has made most ample provision
for the wants of man.




20    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER  II.
THE fJELIGION AND JUSTOMS OF THE
PURMESE.
H'YP^HEN God-placed man on the earth,
~'   he blessed him, and said: " Have do<'   minion over the fish of the sea, and
over the fowl of the air, and over
every living thing that moveth upon the
earth. Behold, I have given you every herb
bearing seed which is upon the face of all the
earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit
of a tree yielding seed, to you it shall be for
meat."  "And God breathed into his nostrils
the breath of life, and man became a living
soul."
For many hundreds of years the inhabitants of Burmah have lived in their beautiful
land, surrounded on every side with blessings
which God has given to them, but God they
have forgotten. "Their idols are silver and
gold, the work of men's hands; they have




RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.          21
mouths, but they speak not; eyes have they,
but they see not; they have ears, but they
hear not; noses have they, but they smell
not; they have hands, but they handle not;
feet have they, but they walk not; neither
speak they through their throats."
The religion of Burmah is Buddhism. This
is the religion not only of Burmah, but of
many of the inhabitants of China, Siam, Tartary, and Ceylon. It is computed that there
are as many as four hundred millions of people in the world who are worshippers of
Buddha.
I could not explain to you all that the
Buddhists believe. A Buddh is one who has
made himself a god by his own virtues and
by practising great self-denial. They say
that already, since the beginning of time,
there have been four great Buddhs —Kanthathan, Gaunagon, Kathapa, and Caudama.
The last, Gaudama, is the one they worship
now. They believe he was in existence for
many ages before he became a man, but not
as a god. Once he was a tiger, at one time
a deer, at another an elephant; at one time
he ruled in heaven, and at another in hell.




22     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
At last he was born as a child in India; and
when we compare the Burmese dates with our
own, we find that this is said to have happened about six hundred years before Christ
came to the earth, and about the time that the
ten tribes were carried captive from Palestine
to be scattered and sown among the nations
of the earth.
Gaudama, the Burmese say, was born under a tree now called the Amherstia, and that
as soon as he was born he got up, walked
seven steps, and with a voice like the roaring
of the king of lions exclaimed: "I am the
most excellent of men. I am the most famous of men. I am the most victorious of
men."  If this account were true, he must
certainly have been very different from ordinary babies.
He was the son of a great Indian monarch;
but, instead of living in ease and luxury at
his father's court, he fled away into the wilderness, where he practised very great selfdenial. Many stories are told of the wonderful things that happened to him, but at last,
when he was eighty years old, he died.
And now do you suppose the Buddhists




RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.         23
think Gaudama is in heaven?  Not at all;
they believe he has gone out of existence
altogether.  They could not tell you any
thing about where their god is, and yet they
worship him, and say they are to worship him
for five thousand years. When the five thousand years are ended, they expect another
Buddh, named Aremaday, and he is to flourish eighty thousand years.
Some of the doctrines that Gaudama taught
are very good. His great commands to his
followers are these: "Kill not; steal not;
commit no uncleanness; lie not; drink no
intoxicating liquor."
The Buddhists, you will say, if they keep
these commands, are not bad people. Some
of his commands are the very same that God
gave to the Jews on Mount Sinai.
But they do not keep them. They make
images of Gaudama and place'them in temples; they bring offerings of gold-leaf and
flowers, of umbrellas and crackers, to show
their devotion to him. They build pagodas
over his relics, and expend large sums of
money in gilding them handsomely.  They
support priests, who preach to them about




24    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
him in the zayats; all this they do, and yet
do not obey his commands.
Are you surprised? Do we obey the commands of our God? No, they are broken;
you break them every day; and yet a great
many of us try very hard to do as God would
have us do.
But, you will say, our religion is quite different from theirs; ours is the true God, and
theirs is a false god. That is true; and there
is one great difference between the true religion and all false religions: this difference
lies in the two words, love and fear.
The great commands of God's religion are
these: "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God
with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and
with all thy strength, and with all thy mind,
and thy neighbor as thyself."  "This do, and
thou shalt live."
And then when we sinned, and did not obey
these commands, and were worthy of nothing
but death: " God so loved the world, that he
gave his only-begotten Son, that whosoever
believeth in him should not perish, but have
everlasting life." Now the two great commandments are: "Believe on the name of his




RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.          25
Son Jesus Christ," and, " Love one another."
And Jesus says to us-Jesus who has died
for us: " If ye love me, keep my commandments."  Should we not answer: "We have
known and believed the love that God hath
to us;" "we love him because he first loved
us?"  His commandments, which are all embraced in that one word, "love," are not
grievous.
This, in short, is the religion the Bible
teaches. The Buddhists know no Redeemer
who has died to save them, though they are
aware they constantly sin; they know nothing
of God's love and a Saviour's compassion,
and life everlasting with him. Their religion
is a religion of fear. They fear that when
they die they shall again come into the world
as a lion or a toad, a lizard or a rhinoceros,
and believe that the better they are the sooner
they shall come to what they call nigban, or
a state in which they shall not exist at all.
The priests of the Buddhists in Burmah
are more like monks than priests. They are
called pongyees, and dwell in houses or kyoungs, apart from the people. These pongyees may not marry, and ought not even to
4




26     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
look at a woman. The rules they have to
observe about women are so strict, that if a
pongyee were to pass by a place where his
own mother had fallen into the river, he might
not put out his hands to assist her in her
efforts to reach the bank. If no one else
were near, he might, rather than allow her to
drown, reach a pole or a stick to her to take
holc of; but then he must think it is nothing
more than a log he is dragging out of the
water. It must, you see, be difficult to be a
good son and a good pongyee at the same
time.
One day a priest from Ava called upon a
missionary's wife —rs. Mason. She entered
the room in which he was, and immediately
the pongyee took a seat upon the table. Mrs.
Mason did not approve of such manners, but
she knew it was only in order to keep his head
above hers that her visitor had chosen such
a seat; therefore she called for a mat and
pillow for herself, and sat down upon the
floor. Seeing her so low, he consented to
move and sit down also.  This priest had
called to talk with MArs. Mason about the
Christian religion. She handed him a copy




RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.    27
of the Bible in Burmese. He asked her to
lay it on the mat for him to take, as he dared
not defile himself by receiving it from her
her hand. This she did, and then he took the
book and read portions of it aloud.
The pongyees dress in yellow robes and
go about with shaven heads and bare feet.
Some carry rice-pots round the towns in the
mornings, and go from door to door begging
for food; or, rather, they do not beg, but
stand outside and wait till food is brought.
They only eat once a day, and are not allowed
to have gold or silver or ornaments.
In the kyoungs the boys are taught to read;
and the pongyees are their teachers.  The
books they use do not resemble ours, but are
written on palm-leaves. They have no slates
or pencils or maps.  They are principally
taught to read the stories of Gaudama's life,
and what is written in the sacred books about
him and those who have refused to believe in
him. When they go to school they wear a
yellow dress like their teachers; but this is
not all the year round. The Burmese boys
go to school in the rainy season, as the Scotch
boys do in winter; but in the dry, warm




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RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.    29
rest, or lie down and sleep in them. At Tavoy there is a very fine zayat.
There are in Burmah many immense images of Gaudama, and the temples are crowded with them. At the new and full moon the
people go up to worship; and from July to
October they are very strict in their religious
observances; indeed, they make that time a
kind of Lent. In October, especially, they
hold many religious festivals, and flock to the
places where there are the most famous pagodas and temples. The pagodas hold the
relics of Gaudama, the temples his images.
Numbers of boats filled with gayly-dressed
people may be seen at these festival-times
gliding over the waters of the rivers; and
while listening to the music from the bands
on board, you would suppose any thing rather
than that these people were going to worship.
But when they reach the temples they at once
become grave, and hasten in with their offerings and say their prayers as quickly as possible. I am afraid, although these people do
it gravely, you and I would be inclined to
laugh at the scenes in the temples. Some
men maybe seen gluing gold-leaf upon the




30    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
faces of the images, and others letting off
crackers in their honor.
The number of paper umbrellas, fruits, and
flowers, brought as offerings, is enormous.
At one temple-but this was in Ceylon, not
in Burmah-it is said that 6,480,320 flowers
were brought on one occasion. I should like
to know who counted them. The umbrellas
are sometimes white, sometimes gold and
white, sometimes they are made of many different colored papers. But of what use these
crackers, which fill the temples with smoke
and noise, and these fruits and flowers and
umbrellas scattered about in all directionsof what use they can be, you and I would find
it difficult to imagine.
How different these offerings from those
our God asks of us! "My son," he says,
"give me thy heart."  "A broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise."
All other offerings Christ our Saviour made
for us when he offered himself without spot
to God.
We have spoken of kyoungs, zayats, temples, and pagodas, but have said nothing
about the houses. Many of the houses are




RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.    31
nothing but little bamboo dwellings, raised
-by posts a few feet from the ground. There
is no cold to keep out, and-the builders. are
not careful to make the walls air-tight. The
bamboos are put up rough, and there are
generally plenty of crevices through which
the inhabitants can look out without troubling about windows.  The floors of these
houses are made of woven bamboo, and are
elastic, which would be to us uncomfortable
for walking on. The roofs are thatched with
the leaves of the water-palm, and most of the
houses have a verandah. In the large towns
there are some board and some brick houses,
but most of the native dwellings are these
slight bamboo buildings.
The men wear a long cloth, called a putso,
wound around their bodies; the women wear
a smaller piece, called a termin6; and both
use a white linen jacket, called an ingie. Men,
women, and children all smoke.
Have you noticed that I have told you only
of boys in the schools and of men in the temples? Do you want to know where the girls
are taught and where the women worship?
Women and girls are not taught to read at




32    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
all, and they worship outside the temples;
they are not considered worthy to come inside.  The women are the slaves, not the
companions of the men. They work hard,
and do many things which in this country we
think fit only for laboring men to do. No
Burmese woman is permitted to leave the
country.
Besides the Burmese there are other tribes
dwelling in Burmah; one especially, the Karen nation, is scattered far and wide over the
land. The Karens have been conquered by
tiie Burmese, and are heavily taxed and cruelly oppressed by them.
The Karens do not worship Gaudama; they
believe there are a great many gods, a god of
the earth, a god of the land, a god of the
waters, a god of the sun, a god of the moon,
a god of the trees, a god of the woods, and
so on. They are great believers in ghosts,
too, and fear them very much; but they have
another belief that is really wonderful, a belief that from over the sea white foreigners
are to come with a book to teach them about
the true God.
If you did not know it before, you will have




RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.    33
learned since you began to read this little
book, that the white foreigners have gone to
Burmah with God's book; for I have mentioned the missionaries and the Burmese Bible; and I hope you will be interested in the
account I have written for you of the first
Protestant missionaries in this far-away land,
their trials and difficulties, their sorrows and
successes.
I say Protestant missionaries, for Romancatholics had been in Burmah before them.
They, however, had not done much in  the
way of teaching the natives. The first converts were cruelly persecuted by their friends;
and when they found this they left off trying
to convert the subjects of the Burmese kings.
It seemed quite possible too that the inhabitants of Burmah had heard of the true
God-the Karens certainly had-long, long
before either Roman-catholic or Protestant
could have visited them.
Did you ever consider where that land of
Tarshish was to which King Solomon's navy
sailed once in three years? It must have
been a land in which there were peacocks,
apes, elephants, gold, and silver. All these
White Foreigners.  5




34     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
thmigs are found plentifully i Burmah. Many
people believe that Burmah is the land called
Tarshish in the Bible;,-and I think it is very
likely.
If so, and-King Solomon's siips really sailed
up those rivers, the Irrawadi and the Salween, you may be quite sure that the Hebrew
sailors and the Burmese people found some
way of talking to each other, and we can
pretty well guess what th6eywould talk about.
The Burmese would ask for what purpose
the strangers wanted the gold and silver, the
peacocks, ivory, and apes.
Then the Hebrews,'proud of their, great
king and his riches, would tell how'Solomon
was building a splendid temple for the worship of their God,' and was enriching itwith
gold. That he was making a great many vessels of gold and silver, and a wonderful ivory
throne for himself, which was to be covered
with the best gold, and to have a golden footst.ooland to have twelve lions standing on
the steps., It was for making these things
they wanted the gold and ivory. The apes
and peacocks would ornament his gardens,
and be given as presents to his friends.




RELIGION AND CUSTOMS.         35
When the Burmese heard all this, they
would ask more. They would want to know
what God it was this great king worshipped.
They would hear it was the God who made
heaven and earth. And then would follow
the story of the garden of Eden, and of Adam
and Eve; of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph; of the flight of the Israelites from
Egypt; of the ten commandments given in
the fire and cloud on Mount Sinai; of the land
in which they now lived; and of the promise
God had given of a Saviour yet to come, for
whom they were waiting and watching.
Does it not appear possible that in those
times, long, long ago, the Burmese heard all
this from the Hebrew sailors who very likely
came to their shores? And if it was not in
this way, how was it that the Karens came to
believe in white foreigners with God's book,
and to know, as they certainly did, the story
of Adam and Eve?
It may have been in other ways, for the
Iarens say they once had books. But we
will leave these difficult questions for those
who know more than we do, and pass on to
something more easy.




30    THE WHITE FOIEIGNERS.
CHAPTER  III.
TPWO PURMESE JEGENDS.
UifHE  Burmese are very fond of tales
i   and legends.  Many of these are
amusing, and others are instructive.
The priests tell many such tales,
which have come down from one generation
to another. Perhaps you would like to hear
some of these old-world stories.  I do not
wish you to believe them.
STORY OF KING TEKTHA.
Once upon a time there lived in Burmah a
king named Tektha.
The kings that went before him had been
devout worshippers of Gaudama, and had listened to what their teachers and priests
taught them. But Tektha did not believe in
Gaudama, but listened to strange teachers,
who taught him that every thing was God.




TWO BURMESE LEGENDS.    37
-He would not hear the Buddhist books, nor
worship the relics nor the images. More than
this, instead of behaving reverently to the
priests, he destroyed their temples, and threw
the idols into the water. He forbade his subjects also to worship Gaudama, and threatened that if they did they should be severely
punished.
The people were in dismay. It was of no
use for the priests to carry round their ricepots; no one dared offer them food; the temples and pagodas were falling into ruins, and
the images of Gaudama were lying in the
water, spoilt and decaying.
What would be the consequence of this terrible treatment of their god? The people
were afraid of the punishment with which the
king threatened them if they worshipped
Gaudama; they feared the evils the great
spirits-the cnats-might bring upon them if
they did not.
But a few of the people would not give up
the worship to which they had been so long
accustomed, and among those who still in
secret held to the old faith was a girl, twelve
years of age, and her mother. I do not know




38     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
the girl's name; but, said she, "The king has
thrown the idols into the water because he is
afraid of them."  This was considered a very
bold speech.
Affairs continued in this state for four years.
When the girl was sixteen, she happened one
day to be bathing in a tank with a number of
her companions, and while amusing herself in
the water, she saw an idol lying near. She
ordered her attendants to lift it out and carry
it to a zayat that was at hand. They reminded
her that she would certainly be put to death
for meddling with it; but she was very determined, and declared that she would worship
that image as long as she lived. It was accordingly lifted out of the water, washed, and
carried into the zayat.
A report of what had been done was immediately taken to the king, and you can imagine how enraged he was. He ordered his
servants to take a fierce elephant, and make
the animal trample this bold young woman
to death..-But it was not so easy to do this. The
seven principal nats, who had been greatly
displeased by the king's wickedness, came to




TWO BURMESE LEGENDS.           39
the'defence of the girl. These seven were,
the nat of the universe, the nat of the earth,
the 9nat of the trees, the nat of the air, the nat
of the cities, the nat of the villages, and the
nat of the white umbrella.
The elephant was brought, but he did not
touch the girl; he was beaten and goaded,
but it was of no avail; he would not lift up a
foot against her, and instead of being angry,
only grew frightened, and tried to run away
from her.
When the king heard that she could not be
put to death this way, he ordered a quantity
of straw-dry straw-to be collected, and the
girl to be placed in the midst of it and burnt to
death. The straw was brought, she was put
in the middle, but no number of torches, no
quantity of fire would make it burn. The
nats were there, and they would not allow her
to be put to death.
Then the king sent for her to his palace.
He was surprised as well as angry now, and
was wondering whether he might not possibly have been wrong in forsaking the gods of
his forefathers.  "If the image which you
have dared to take from the water," said he,




40     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
" will come through the air into my presence,
and I see it, your life shall be spared; but if
not, you shall be cut into seven pieces."
The young woman asked permission to
return for a short time to the zayat. Her
request was granted, and there she went and
prayed very earnestly that the image might
be carried into the king's presence. And lo,
not only one, but eight images, and the young
woman with her attendants, were immediately
taken up by the c1ts, conveyed through the
air, and put down before the king and his
principal queen, his commander-in-chief, his
officers, and a multitude of people. How they
all shouted and wondered!
"Now," said the girl, turning to the king,
"now that the image of my god and teacher
has flown to you, will you order the teachers
from whom you have learned this false religion to mount up also and fly through the
air?"
The king ordered them to do so, but of
course it was in vain; they could not fly. He
was now convinced that the religion of Gaudama was the true religion; he compelled the
false teachers to leave the country; the tem



TWO BURMIESE LEGENDS.    41
pies and images and pagodas were restored;
this wonderful young woman he married, and
made one of his principal queens; and King
Tektha was for the remainder of his life a
devoted Buddhist.
Stories that begin with " once upon a time"
are not always true; and though the Burmese are taught such stories as these by their
priests, you and I cannot believe them.
STORY OF THE WASHERMAN AND POTTER.*
In the olden time a potter conceived an
evil design against a washerman, who lived
with considerable ostentation; and being unable to bear the sight of wealth which the
latter had acquired by washing clothes, he
determined to come to an open rupture with
him.
With this view he went to the king, and
said: "Your majesty's royal elephant is
black, but if you were to order the washerman to wash it white would you not become'Lord of the white elephant?'"  This speech
was not made from any zeal for the king's
* From Winter's "Six Months in Burmah."
6




42     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
advantage, but because he thought that if the
order were given to the washerman, according
to his suggestion, and the elephant should not
turn white after all, the fortune of the washerman would come to an end.
The king, on hearing the representation of
the potter, took for granted it was sincere,
and being deficient in wisdom, he, without
consideration, sent for the washerman, and
ordered him to wash the elephant white.
The washerman, seeing through the potter's design, replied: " Our art requires that,
in order to bleach cloth, we should first put
it in a boiler with soap and water, and then
rub it well. In this manner only can your
majesty's elephant be made white."
The king, considering that it was the potter's business, and not a washerman's, to make
pots, called for the potter, and said to him:
" Hey, you potter, a pot is required to lather
my elephant in; go and make one large
enough for the purpose."
The potter, on receiving this order, collected together all his friends and relations,
and after they had accumulated a vast quantity of clay, he made a pot big enough to hold




TWO BURMESE LEGENDS.           43
the elephant.  When it was completed he
showed it to the king, and it was delivered
over to the washerman. The washerman put
in soap and water, but as soon as the elephant
placed his foot upon it, it broke to pieces.
After this, the potter made many others,
but they were either too thick, so that the
water could not be made to boil in them, or
too thin, so that the first pressure of the elephant's foot mashed them to pieces. In this
manner, being constantly employed, he was
unable to attend to his business, and so he
was utterly ruined.
MORAL.
Such as aim at the destruction of others,
will find that their weapons will fail to reach
those whom they intended, and will only recoil upon their own heads. ~ Although a person be ever so poor, he ought not to design
evil against others.




44    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER  IV.
R. JUDSON  YISITS  fRANCE, TJNGLAND, AND JNDIA, AND )SETTLES AT
fRANGOON.
j'r T was at the time that Napoleon was
emperor of France, and such sad and
AdQ lunchristian wars were carried on by
him and other kings on the continent
of Europe, that the first Protestant missionaries went to Burmah with the hope of teaching the Burmese the way of peace.
At Serampore, in India, there had been
missionaries for several years; and in the
year 1807 some of the good men who had
been preaching and teaching there went to
Rangoon, to establish a mission in that city.
While these first English missionaries were
building themselves a house, and were hard
at work learning the Burmese language, there
was living in America a young man, in whose
heart God had put the desire to become a




D R. JUDSON'S ARRIVAL.         45
missionary to the heathen. His parents were
very sorry to find this was his wish, and they
did all they could to prevent him from leaving them and his country.  They told him
how well he might get on if he stayed in his
own land, how comfortable and happy and
prosperous and rich he might be; while, ii ne
became a missionary, he would be poor, and
lead a life full of hardship and difficulty. But
the more this young man prayed for help to,do what was right, the more he felt he must
become a missionary, and go wherever God
would send him. His name was Adoniram
Judson.  He was studying at a college in
America, and there were there also two or
three other young men who hoped to become
missionaries to the heathen.
At that time there were no missionary societies in America, and comparatively little
was known of heathen lands; but in England
people were beginning to know a good deal
about missions.  It therefore appeared the
most sensible plan for one of the young men to
travel to England, in order to see the gentlemen who conducted the missionary societies
there. From them they would learn where it




46     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
would be best to go, what money would be
required, and as much about the people and
country to which they were going as possible.
This knowledge would prevent their wasting
time in making mistakes.
Mr. Judson was chosen to go to England.
I told you that this was the time of Napoleon's wars. The vessel in which he sailed
was captured by a French ship, and Mr. Judson and the American sailors were shut up in
its hold. Here he was very ill and very wretched; but as he could not speak French he could
not explain to the doctor what was the matter,
nor ask to be made more comfortable. However, the doctor saw he was a gentleman, and
soon found out that he understood Latin. Then
they were able to talk to each other a little.
He was taken to Bayonne, in France, and
there put into a dirty prison. As he passed
along the street, from the ship to the prison,
he talked English quite loud and fast, in the
hope that some Englishman might hear him.
Happily, an American gentleman spoke to
him, and told him to be quiet; and soon after
he was put into prison this same gentleman
came and released him.




DR. JUDSON'S ARRIVAL.          47
Although he was out of prison, he was still
detained in France as a prisoner-of-war; and
very wisely he employed a good deal of his
time in learning to speak the language. If
he ever again had been put into the hold of a
French vessel, I have no doubt he would have
made every officer and sailor on board understand him.
Mr. Judson was, you see, imprisoned in his
very first step to become a missionary. This
does not appear to have disheartened him at
all. He knew he should have to encounter
many difficulties; but the thought hindered
him from undertaking his work no more than
it had hindered the apostle Paul. We read
in Acts 20 that Paul went to Jerusalem, not
knowing what would befall him there, only
that bonds and afflictions waited for him -in
every city to which he went. " But," he says,
" none of these things move me, neither count
I my life dear unto myself, so that I might
finish my course with joy, and the ministry
which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to
testify the gospel of the grace of God."
Whena at last Mr. Judson reached England,
the gentlemen who superintended the affairs




48     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
of the Loncon Missionary Society gave him
all the advice and help which they could, and
he soon returned to America with the information that was needed. He did not remain
long in America; but when he again left his
native land and set sail in the ship which carried him to India, he did not go alone. A
very pious young lady had consented to become his wife and to go abroad with him.
She was brave as well as good. She did not
know how great the troubles were which she
was going to meet, but she knew that in a
missionary's path there must be many difficulties. She did not fear them, for she knew
Jesus was able, and had promised to help her,
and she loved him.  She was married to Mr.
Judson only the day before the vessel sailed.
Her wedding day must have been a rather
sad one, she was parting from so many dear
friends, and though she did not know it, she
was to see them no more until they met in
heaven.
Mr.'and Mrs. Newell sailed in the same ship
with Mr. and Mrs. Judson, and a few days
after several more missionaries followed in
another vessel.




DR. JUDSON'S ARRIVAL.         49
Mr. and Mrs. Judson had not made up their
minds in what place to settle when they left
America. They intended going first to Serampore, to take the advice of the missionaries
there; and they asked God to lead them to
the place in which he would wish them to
remain, and where he had work for Them to
do. They hoped this would be in India; and
it would take me too long to explain why and
by whom they were prevented remaining there.
They went to Calcutta, but were ordered to
leave the place.
After many trials and discomforts they
arrived at Port Louis, in the Isle of France.
Here Mrs. Newell died, and Mr. Rice, another
missionary, became so ill that he returned to
America. Mr. and Mrs. Judson did not think
it well to remain there, and wished rather to
go to Pulo Penang, Prince of Wales' Island.
This was also prevented, and at last they found
themselves obliged to go to Rangoon.
There were already missionaries at Rangoon, as you have heard, so that this did not
seem best. Mr. Judson, too, particularly disliked the thought of going there; but as he
had asked God to lead him, and had resolved
Whlite Foreigtnc rs.  7




50     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
to do what appeared to be God's will, he felt
he should be wrong in not remaining in the
place to which God had led him. God sees
more than we see, and no doubt he had been
preparing Mr. Judson to carry his gospel to
Burmah.
The missionaries who built the mission
house did not stay long in Rangoon; and very
soon Mr. Judson and his wife were left alone
there-two Christians in a beautiful land inhabited by millions of idolaters.
Mr. Judson, however, was not forgotten by
his friends in America; when he became better known the title of doctor of divinity was
conferred upon him.  He did not wish for
this, but he is worthy of all honor and respect,
and we will in future give him his rightful
title.
The mission house was built of teak boards,
and was about half a mile outside the walls of
the town. Though the scenery around was
pretty, it could not have been a pleasant house
in which to live. It was very near the place
of public execution; and as the king cared
more to have his own way than to make his
subjects happy, a great many people were put




DRI. JUDSON'S AIRRIVAL.         51
to death there.  Not far off, too, was the
place where the dead were burned; for to
burn instead of burying the dead is the custom  of the country.  Wild beasts prowled
about these sad places, and by the mission
house, in search of prey; and worse still, wild
men followed their example, and the missionaries were never safe from robbers. This was
the house in which Dr. and Mrs. Judson lived
for some time after their arrival; but as soon
as possible they removed into the city. The
people whom they hoped to teach were in the
city, not outside; and for this reason, besides
many others, it was desirable to move.




52     THE WHITE FOREIGNEItS.
CHAPTER V.
HOME YISITS SAID  BY J/RS. JUDSON.
0 -c, 0 you learn French, or German, or
t-.;1 Latin?  I dare say you do, and if
7    you were asked: " Are these languages very easy to learn?" you would at once
answer: " No; they take a great deal of time
and attention, and I would often rather be at
play."
Then you know something of the difficulty
of our European languages; but the Burmese
is far more difficult. Many French and German and Latin words are like the English, and
sentences are constructed much in the same
way; while the Burmese is as different as it
can be: the alphabet even is quite different.
Then, instead of nice, neat books like ours, the
common Burmese books were made of dry
palm leaves, and the words and sentences were
all run into one another without any stops or
divisions. When Dr. Judson studied the lan



MRS. JUDSON'S VISITS.         53
guage there were not even grammars and dictionaries to help him, as you have; there was
indeed one grammar, which had been written
by a former missionary, Mr. Carey, and though
there were a good many mistakes in it, it gave
some assistance.
Dr. Judson, although he was clever and
studied very diligently, worked hard to learn
the language for several years before he considered that he knew it well enough to preach.'Long before this time came, however, he could
talk very well; and both he and Mrs. Judson
constantly talked to any one who would listen;
while by their conduct they endeavored to
show the Burmese that the religion of Jesus,
which they professed, was a good and holy
thing.
Shall I show you how they did this?
In a poor hut, down by the river side, in
dirt and misery, was lying a little child, sick
and suffering. Its parents were Indians, not
natives of Burmah, but like Mrs. Judson,
strangers in a strange land. They were despised by the Burmese, and no one thought of
helping them or their sick child. But 1Mrs.
Judson found them out; and though it was a




54    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
long, hot walk from the mission house, and
she was far from strong, every day she was
seen going down to the river bank to nurse
and tend the babe. She loved it and its parents for Jesus' sake. I think, too, she loved
it for the sake of a dear little boy of her owna baby that God had given her for a very
short time, and then taken out of her arms in
that heathen land to its everlasting home in
heaven.
All Mrs. Judson's love and care did not
cure the poor Indian baby, though it comforted the parents. Soon this little one died as
her own had done, and she and her husband
saw it laid to its last rest.
Now, not far from this poor hut were residing two English sea-captains.  Sometimes
they watched Mrs. Judson as she walked from
the mission house to the hut. They knew
why she went to these poor people, and they
wondered at her. They thought it strange
she should care for a sick baby.
It appears to me much more strange that
these two Englishmen, who might have read
their Bibles every day, and who called themselves Christians, should not have better un



MRS. JUDSON'S VISITS.         55
derstood what Christ's religion was.  Why
were they not every day trying to help the
many, many people who needed help?  This
is what Christ tells us to do; but there are
still many English men and women, and children too, who care only for themselves and
their own pleasure.
Soon after this Mrs. Judson herself was
ill-so ill that her husband feared she would
die. There was no doctor in Rangoon, and
the only plan for saving her life appeared to
be to send her to India, for the sake of the sea
voyage and the advice of the doctors there.
So a passage was taken for her in an English vessel about to sail for Madras. When
the captain heard the name of the lady passenger, and found it was Mrs. Judson who
was going to Madras, he refused to take any
payment from her, and said he should feel it
an honor to himself and his ship to take her.
Why? He was one of the two captains who
had lived near the Indian huts, and there he
had learned to admire Mrs. Judson, and in
some degree had also learned to imitate her;
for he did her a real kindness in thus saving
her the expense of this journey.




56    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Mrs. Judson returned from Madras very
much improved in health.  Soon after her
return she paid a visit to the chief wife of the
viceroy, or governor, of Rangoon. A French
lady who was living in the town wVent with
Mrs. Judson, to introduce her.
When they arrived at the government house,
they were kept waiting for some time before
the grand lady appeared; but the other wives
of the viceroy clustered around the foreign
visitors, and were much amused by the bonnets and gloves which they wore. Indeed,
they took them from nMrs. Judson and her
friend and tried them on. While they were
thus occupied the chief wife entered, and immediately all the other women retired and sat
down on the floor without speaking.
The viceroy's lady took Mrs. Judson by the
hand and conducted her to a mat, on which
they sat down together. She asked her visitor a great many questions about the manners of the Americans and English, and was
surprised to learn that European gentlemen
were not, like the Burmese, allowed to have
as many wives as they pleased.
During the conversation she amused her



MRS. JUDSON'S VISITS.         57
self by ornamenting her head-dress with
flowers.
While they were still talking the viceroy
himself entered the room to see Mrs. Judson.
He was a very savage-looking man, and wore
a long robe, while in his hand he carried an
enormous spear. He was, however, very polite to Mrs. Judson, and expressed pleasure at
her visit. A few days before he had behaved
very differently to her husband.
Mrs. Judson tried to make friends among
such ladies as the viceroy's wife, with the
hope that if ever her husband was persecuted
for teaching the people a new religion, she
might be able to obtain help for him and herself. Even savage and cruel men, you know,
are sometimes persuaded to be kind by their
wives.
8




58     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER  VI.
MIISSIONARY JOPES AND fEARS IN
RANGOON.. JUDSON had now been five years
~  in Rangoon. He had studied hard
J^'~-  all these years, and yet did not consider himself perfect in the difficult language.
He had, however, translated the first part of
the New Testament, and two or three tracts
into Burmese.  These had been printed at
Serampore, and copies were given to any one
who would receive and read them.
Mr. and Mrs. Hough had come from America to help the missionaries, so that they were
no longer alone.
During these years Dr. Judson had talked
to many people about the true God, and Jesus
Christ his Son, whom he had sent. There
had been five years of hard work, and no one
as yet had embraced the religion of the gos



MISSIONARY HOPES AND FEARS. 59
pel-no one even who had heard of it once
had come again to learn more about it. Mrs.
Judson had tried to teach the women, Dr.
Judson had tried to teach the men, and they
did not see any one yet wishing to learn.
You know there is a great difference between
being taught and wishing to learn.
But one day, while Dr. Judson was sitting
in his house as usual, his Burmese palm-leaf
books all lying about him, and his teacher sitting opposite to him, a Burman came up the
steps and sat down beside him.
" How long will it take me to learn the religion of Jesus?" he asked.
How joyful Dr. Judson must have felt when
he heard the question. He answered that if
God gave understanding and wisdom, the religion of Jesus would be very quickly learned;
but without God's help a man might study it
all his life long and yet not know it.
"But how did you know anything about
Jesus?" asked Dr. Judson. " I have not seen
you here before."
"No," answered the Burman, "I have not
been here, but I have seen two little books
concerning Jesus."




60     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
" Who was Jesus?" asked Dr. Judson.
"He is the Son of God, who, pitying us,
came into the world and suffered death in our
stead," answered the stranger.
"And who is God?"
"He is a being without beginning or end,
who is not subject to old age or death, but
always is," was the answer.
Dr. Judson showed him the tracts he had
translated. He recognized them at once; it
was out of those little books he had learned
all he knew, and he had come to the missionary with the hope that he should obtain more
of that sort of writing.
Dr. Judson could only give him the first
five chapters of Matthew, as that was all of
the Bible yet printed in Burmese; but the
man went away quite happy with his new
treasure. No doubt he read many times how
Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the
days of Herod the king; the story of the wise
men who were guided by God and the bright
star to the house in which he was; of his going down into Egypt with Mary and Joseph,
and then, when Herod was dead, of his coming back to Nazareth; of his baptism and




MISSIONARY HOPES AND FEARS. 61
temptation; his kindness to the sick and suffering; and the wonderful words of blessing
and love that he spoke.
I hope he learned to love Jesus, and came
back to Dr. Judson for more chapters of Matthew by-and-by, but I cannot tell you any
thing more of him.
It was the year after this inquirer came to
Dr. Judson, and six years after Dr. Judson
came to Burmah, that he began to preach.
He procured a little piece of ground in the
public road leading to the chief pagoda, on
which he built a small zayat-a low thatched
building with open doors. A great many persons passed this zayat every day, on their
way to their great pagoda, and there they
could see Dr. Judson sitting on a chair, his
books spread out about him, and his teacher
opposite to him; or sometimes they could
hear him as he read aloud parts of the tracts
or of the Testament. Of course a great many
people noticed him, and some would stand
still and listen and wonder. Then Dr. Judson
would approach them with a little Burmese
tract in his hand, or a small part of the Bible,
perhaps, and ask them to sit down and talk




62     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
with him  about this new religion which he
had come to teach.
The pongyees, or Burmese priests, preach
to the people in the zayats. One spring evening Dr. Judson went to a zayat to hear a Burman preach.
The room was lighted up with lamps, but
instead of chairs or benches to sit upon, there
were mats spread over the floor, for that is
the custom of the country. There was a stand
in the middle, about as high as a chair is from
the ground, and when the preacher entered he
seated himself here. The people were not
quiet and reverent as they came in, but chattered and talked and laughed, as they took
their places-the men on one side and the
women on the other.
" See, here come some wild foreigners,"
exclaimed the people, as they saw the missionaries enter. But the wild foreigners sat down
upon, mats, and took off their shoes. This
proper behavior changed the public opinion,
and the strangers were at once considered
quite civilized instead of wild.
Flowers and leaves were distributed to all
the persons present, and when about a hun



M.iS"SIONABtY  — PES  A ND  FEA...I   63
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illll' ielhad ig  edte    ao
ec, while i"e ec",'ood ~ up..                       his'.
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64     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
have not regular sermons every week, as we
have in our churches and chapels, but only
now and then on special occasions.
At Dr. Judson's zayat people were coming
and going all day, and sometimes he was busy
talking to them one after another from morning till night. On Sundays a regular service
was held and sermons were preached.
The first man who became a Christian was
named AMoung Nau, and very shortly after
two other Burmese declared themselves disciples of Jesus. These three formed the first
Christian Burmese church.
Many more were asking and thinking seriously, and Dr. Judson hoped that they would
soon give up the religion of Gaudama for the
religion of Jesus. He was full of hope and joy
in the prospect of peace and usefulness which
lay before him; and other missionaries had
been sent out to help him, which made him
still more happy.
But now, when all was so bright, suddenly
the inquirers became afraid to be seen with
the missionaries. Why was this?
A report reached Rangoon of something
amiss at Ava. Some said there was a rebel



MISSIONARY HOPES AND FEARS. 65
lion, some that the emperor was ill, some
hinted that "the lord of land and water" was
even dead, but they dared not say this plainly.
At length the mystery was cleared.  A
royal boat came down the river from Ava;
the messengers who arrived in it made their
way through the waiting crowds to the government house, and there they proclaimed:
"Listen ye. The immortal king, wearied, it
would seem, with the fatigues of royalty, has
gone up to amuse himself in the celestial regions. His grandson, the heir apparent, is
seated on the throne." They would not say,
"The king is dead;" that would have been
considered a great crime.
Well, the old king, who had now gone away
"to amuse himself," had not cared to interfere
much with religious affairs, and so had not
molested the Christian teachers; but it was
expected that the new king would not approve
of the efforts they were making to convert his
subjects from Buddhism.
The viceroy of Rangoon had been away
from the town on an excursion of pleasure;
but the very evening on which he returned he
passed down the road where the mission zaWhite Foreigners.  9




66     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
yat was built. He was seated upon a beautiful elephant, and was surrounded by his
guards and attendants.
Dr. and Mrs. Judson were sitting in the
zayat, and some Burmese were with them.
The viceroy observed the little party, and
noticed them  very narrowly, but he passed
on without making any remark. Presently
two of his secretaries returned, with an order
from their master, stating that he wished to
see the way in which printing was done. Unfortunately, Mr. Hough, who had understood
printing, had left Rangoon, and had taken the
printing-press with him to Calcutta, so that
the wish of the viceroy could not be gratified.
He did not appear angry in consequence of
this, however, and three more months passed
quietly on.
At this time two persons were coming constantly to the zayat-a poor fisherman named
Moung* Ing, and a learned teacher named
Moung Shwagnong. Moung Ing was taught
principally by Moung Nau; he soon became:- The name Moung is given to all men in Burmah
while they are young; as they grow older, Moung is exchanged for Ko.




MISSIONARY HOPES AND FEARS. 67
a Christian, and for many years he was a
faithful helper to the missionaries.
Dr. Judson had many long and interesting
conversations with Moung Shwagnong; but
he was not quickly willing, like the poor fisherman, to give his heart to Jesus.
One day he was missed from his accustomed place; and a report reached Dr. Judson that he had been summoned before the
viceroy, and had been accused to.him of holding heretical opinions. Three weeks passed
on, during which nothing more was heard of
him. At the end of that time he once more
appeared. He told Dr. Judson that he had
not been taken before the viceroy, as was reported, but that a 3Iangen teacher had informed the governor that he had become a
Christian. The viceroy had answered: "Inquire more about him;" and Shwagnong was
so much alarmed lest more inquiries should
be made, that he kept away from the zayat.
The chief pagoda of Rangoon, on the road
to which the zayat was built, is called Shway
Dagon. It is erected upon a rising ground
two miles from the town, amid beautiful clusters of mango, cocoanut, and other tropical




68     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
trees. It is considered the most sacred of the
pagodas in all the country, on account of the
relics of the gods preserved in it: there is the
staff of Kanthathan, the water-dipper of Gaunagon, a garment of Kathapa, and, more valuable than all the rest, eight hairs of Gaudama. You do not wonder that the stone steps,
with the enormous griffins on either side, are
constantly trodden by worshippers who have
brought offerings to the temples there. The
pagoda is surrounded with temples or imagehouses containing idols of Gaudama, many of
them richly gilt; and close by is the large bell
which every worshipper strikes after making
an offering. This bell is very famous; it is so
large that a man can stand upright in it, and
around it is an inscription in twelve lines,
about the king who presented it to the pagoda. In the year 1824 the English tried to
carry this bell away, but they succeeded only
in dropping it in the river; and after it had
remained there for several months it was taken
up by the Burmese and restored to its old
place.
Dr. and Mrs. Judson were in the habit of
riding along the pagoda road every morning,




MISSIONARY HOPES AND FEARS. 69
and of bathing in a reservoir which lay near,
and which was fringed with luxuriant grass
and shrubs.
One morning they were on their way to this
tank as usual, when they were stopped by the
same man who had accused Shwagnong to
the viceroy, and were told that if ever they
rode there again they should be beaten. The
viceroy had given the order that no one wearing a hat, or shoes, or carrying an umbrella,
or riding on a horse, should approach within
the sacred grounds of Shway Dagon. This
was not at all pleasant, for Dr. and Mrs. Judson were compelled to go a long way round
in order to bathe; but, worse than this, it
showed very plainly that the viceroy was not
friendly towards the new religion or its
teachers.
Dr. Judson would now sometimes sit for
whole days in the zayat alone; no one came
in to talk with him as formerly. Many passed by, but they did not care, or were afraid
to enter.
Since the old king's death every one had
been more busy than before in attending to
religious duties. More pagodas were built,




70     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
and more offerings of fruits and flowers, of
gilt umbrellas and little flags, were presented
in the temples. The great Shway Dagon itself was being regilt.
Dr. Judson feared that without the king's
consent and approbation it would be of no
use for him to remain at'Rangoon, for he
could get no listeners to his message there.
He resolved, if possible, to pay a visit to Ava,
and see the king himself. He purchased a
boat and obtained a passport from the viceroy to go up to " the golden feet, and lift his
eyes to the golden face."
Another missionary, Mr. Colman, was at
Rangoon, and he accompanied Dr. Judson.
They made what arrangements they could for
the comfort of their wives during their absence, and with many prayers and many hopes
and fears they started on their enterprise.




VISITS TO THE KING AT AVA.  71
CHAPTER VII.
YISITS TO  THE  JING  AT  AVA, AND
THEIR RESULTS.
T was just at Christmas time that Dr.,    Judson and Mr. Colman left Rangoon
1   on this journey to Ava.  Not cold
Christmas, with snow whitening the
landscape, and icicles hanging from the bare
branches of the trees. Such Christmases are
not known in Burmah.  The banks of the
river were green with the foliage of the trees;
the sun was shining warm overhead, and the
missionaries were glad of shelter from its
rays.
They embarked in a long boat; it was forty
feet long, but not very wide, and as there
were in all eighteen persons on board, and
there were no cabins, it must have been a
little crowded.  There were ten rowers, a
steersman, a headman-who, I suppose, was




72    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
responsible for the good behavior of the others-a cook, a dhobee, or washerman, and an
Englishman who wished to go to the capital
to offer his services to the king.
Two little rooms had been constructed on
the boat with bamboos and mats and palmleaf thatch; in these the missionaries could
just sit or lie down.
Moung Nau, of whom you heard in the last
chapter, went as cook and steward; and the
Englishman took care of the guns, which they
were obliged to have on account of the robbers who infested the banks of the river.
Besides all these the boat carried several
pieces of fine cloth and other articles intended
as presents, and especially a present for the
king. This was a beautiful large copy of the
English Bible, in six volumes, every volume
bound in a gilt cover, and wrapped in handsome cloth.  Dr. Judson would have been
glad to take it to the king in his own language, so that he might read it, but it was
not yet translated.
Copies of the tracts that he had translated,
and of the New Testament, as far as it was
completed, Dr. Judson had with him; and he




VISITS TO TIE KING AT AVA.  73
hoped to find many opportunities of giving
them to persons who might read them.
Shwagnong had been asked by the missionaries to accompany them, but he declined.
However, he came down to the wharf to see
the boat start, and when he had bidden adieu
to his friends, he stood looking after them
until they passed out of sight in a bend of
the river.
Away went the boat up the river. Happily
it was nowhere attacked by robbers, though
it passed places where other boats had been
attacked only a few days before.. At one
town, Kahnognlg, the travellers met an officer,
with a party of men, who was going in pursuit of a band of robbers that had attacked a
large boat, wounded a good many of the men,
and stolen all the property on board. This
officer offered to go with the missionaries
through a dangerous part of the river lying
before them. Dr. Judson, however, could not
afford the presents he and his men would expect; and this did not trouble him, for he
knew he had a stronger and wiser guardian
in his heavenly Father.
On the boat went, up the broad river: past
10




74     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
peopled towns, whose pagodas glittered in the
sunlight; past scattered villages; past forests
and jungles and rice-plains; past ruined cities, where kings had once dwelt, and busy
crowds had once moved to and fro attending
to their daily tasks, or carrying offerings to
their heathen temples; and at last, after five
weeks' journeying, the missionaries reached
Ava.
They called upon a former governor of
Rangoon, and were very politely received by
him.  Dr. Judson presented both the governor and his wife with handsome presents,
and received through him an introduction to
Moung Zah, a private minister of state, called
an a - tween -woon.  This minister had the
power of presenting them to the king.
The very next day after their arrival they
went to the palace to see Moung Zah. They
carried with them the Bible for the king, and
other presents for the ministers. After they
had satisfied the officers at the gates that they
were expected, they were allowed to pass;
and having given a present for Moung Zah to
his servants, they were conducted to his apartments.




VISITS TO THE KING AT AVA.  15
The minister received them very pleasantly; he expected his visitors, and perhaps was
pleased with his present. He told the missionaries to sit down before some governors
who were with him, and inquired who they
were, and for what purpose they were come.
He heard that they had come to the country
with the hope of teaching the people a new
religion, and that they wished to present to
the king a petition and their sacred books.
Moung Zah then asked some questions about
God, and looked at the petition.
Just then some one announced that "the
golden foot was about to advance." Moung
Zah rose at once and put on his state robes.
Then he turned to Dr. Judson and Mr. Colman, and said: "How can you hope to spread
your religion in this empire?  But come
along."  He evidently did not think that the
king would allow his people to become Christians if he could help it; and it was with
rather heavy hearts that the missionaries followed him.
It was a very grand day at the palace.
Large numbers of people were assembled,
and there was a great deal of parade and




76    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
show, for a great victory was being celebrated.
Moung Zah led the missionaries up a large
flight of stairs into a magnificent hall. It
was very high and very wide, with many
large pillars supporting the roof and beautiful dome. Every part of this spacious hall
was completely covered with gold, like the
temple which Solomon built in Jerusalem.
There were not many people in the hall, but
they were evidently very important, and were
waiting for the king.
After they had waited about five minutes,
Moung Zah whispered that the king had entered. From their position it was not possible to see the farther end of the hall, but the
missionaries leaned as far forward as possible, in order to obtain a view of his majesty.
Every one laid his head in the dust as the
king approached. He came alone, carrying
in his hand a sword in a golden sheath.
Dr. Judson and Mr. Colman did not lie
down on the ground as the Burmese did.
They remained kneeling, with their hands
folded, and looked straight at the king. He
looked at them, then he stopped, and asked:




VISITS TO THE KING AT AVA.  77
"Who are these?"
"The teachers, great king," said Dr. Judsol.
" What! you speak Burmese? You are the
priests I heard of last night. When did you
arrive?  Are you teachers of religion?  Are
you married? Why do you dress so?"
Dr. Judson answered these questions, and
the king appeared pleased. He sat down on
a high seat, with his hand resting upon the
hilt of his sword, to hear the petition which
Moung Zah read; it was as follows:
"The American teachers present themselves to receive the favor of the excellent
king, the sovereign of land and sea.
" Hearing that, on account of the greatness
of the royal power, the royal country was in
a quiet and prosperous state, we arrived at
the town of Rangoon, within the royal dominions, and having obtained leave of the governor of that town to come up and behold the
golden face, we have ascended and reached
the bottom of the golden feet.
"In the great country of America we sustain the character of teachers and explainers
of the contents of the sacred Scriptures of




78     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
our religion. And since it is contained in
those Scriptures that, if we pass to other
countries, and preach and propagate religion,
great good will result, and both those who
teach and those who receive the religion will
be freed from future punishment, and enjoy,
without decay or death, the eternal happiness
of heaven-that royal permission be given
that we, taking refuge in the royal power,
may preach our religion in these dominions,
and that those who are pleased with our
preaching, and wish to listen to and be guided by it, whether foreigners or Burmese,
may be exempt from  government molestation, they present themselves to receive the
favor of the excellent king, the sovereign of
land and sea."
The king listened while Moung Zah read;
then he took the petition and read it all
through to himself. He handed it back without saying one word, and took a tract which
Moung Zah presented.
The missionaries' hearts were lifted to God;
they hoped and prayed for Burmah. The
king read the first two sentences of the tract,
and then he dashed it to the ground. He




VISITS TO THE KING AT AVA.  79
would not even look at the fine gilt-covered
copy of the Bible, but rose from his seat,
strode to the other end of the hall, which was
open, and there threw himself upon a cushion, to listen to the music and watch the show
of elephants and soldiers outside.
If the Burmese believed in Jesus, it must
be without the permission of their king. Indeed, from what had happened in Ava in years
gone by, it was evident that if any one became
a Christian, now that the king had refused his
consent, they could expect only persecution
and death. Fifteen years before this, a young
Burman had become a Rolnan-catholic, and
had been frightfully beaten with an iron club,
on account of his religion. After that, the
Roman-catholic priests had left off trying to
convert the Burmese, and had only attended
to foreigners.
It was the fear of such treatment from their
rulers as this Burman had received, that had
alarmed the Christians and inquirers at Rangoon; and it was to save them from such fear
that Dr. Judson had undertaken this journey
to Ava. But the attempt had been unsuccessful; and now, as Dr. Judson glided down




80    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
the Irrawadi in his boat, from Ava back to
Rangoon, he feared that he should be obliged
to give up preaching Christ in Burmah, for
he thought no one would venture to listen to
him.
On the Sunday after he reached Rangoon,
when the three converts were with him, secretly, in the evening, he told them of all that
had occurred at Ava, and how, if they remained in Rangoon, they would certainly be
persecuted.
He told them he thought of removing to
Chittagong, a place which is under the Bengal government; and he asked them whether
they would go also.
Two of them, Moung Nau and Moung Thahlah, said they would go; but the third, Moung
Bya, could not leave Burmah, for he had a
wife in Rangoon, and no Burmese woman is
allowed to leave the country. Moung Bya,
however, loved the missionaries and what
they had taught him so much, that he did not
at all like the thought of losing his teachers.
Besides, he felt that Dr. Judson was making
a mistake in intending to leave the town.
A few days after, Moung Bya came again




VISITS TO THE KING AT AVA.  81
to the mission house, accompanied by his
brother-in-law, Moung Myat-yah.
"I have come," said  ioung Bya, "to ask
you not to leave Rangoon at present."
"I think," replied Dr. Judson, ".that it is
of no use for me to remain here. I cannot
open the zayat; no Burman will venture to
examine the religion I teach, and so no one
will believe it."
"Teacher," said Moung Bya, "my mind is
cistressed; I cannot eat or sleep, since you
are going away. I have been among those
who live near us, and I find even now some
are secretly examining the new religion. My
brother, Myat-yah, is one of them. Do stay
with us a few months. Stay until there are
eight or ten Christians here, and then, even
if you leave the country, the religion will
spread of itself-the king cannot stop it."
I think Moung Bya was right. "Let us
all," he said, "make an effort; as for me, I
will pray."
Dr. Judson felt he could not leave; for one
and another and another came, as Moung
Bya had come, begging him to remain and
continue to teach them. In spite of the fear
Whlite Foreigners.  11




82    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
of persecution, and though the zayat was
closed, he found the people were willing to
listen privately, and many were longing to
learn about Jesus, who could save them from
their sins.
He resolved to remain, for evidently, notwithstanding the king, God had work for him
to do in that city. Mr. and Mrs. Colman,
however, went to Chittagong, with the hope
of making a station to which other missionaries might go, or to which the Christians at
Rangoon might flee if they should be forced
to leave Burmah.
In a short time there were not only ten, but
eighteen Burmese Christians in Rangoon.
Neither the king nor the viceroy interfered
to persecute the missionaries or their converts; and Dr. Judson was once more filled
with thankfulness and hope.
He was obliged, however, to part for a time
with his dear wife; for Mrs. Judson became
so ill that she was obliged to take a long sea
voyage, and went first to England and then
to America, for the sake of her health. H-ow
glad she must have been to see her dear
friends in America once more! and with what




VISITS TO THE KING AT AVA.  83
pleasure they must have listened to all the
interesting details of her life in Burmah!
While Mrs. Judson was absent, Dr. Price
and Mr. and Mrs. Hough arrived at Rangoon
to assist Dr. Judson.
Dr. Price was a medical doctor, and as
soon as the king heard of his arrival, he sent
for him to come to Ava. As Dr. Price did
not yet understand the language, Dr. Judson
went to Ava with him in order to interpret
for him.
The king did not seem to remember that
he had ever before seen Dr. Judson; for one
day, when he was interpreting for Dr. Price,
the king turned to him,'and said:
"And you in black, who are you?"
"A teacher of religion, your majesty."
But his majesty was very gracious, and
even told Dr. Judson that he might have
some land to build a house in Ava, and that
he should like both the missionaries to remain in the city.
This was very different tteatment from that
which Dr. Judson had received the first time
he visited Ava; but no doubt it was because
the king hoped to get some good from the




84     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
medicines Dr. Price could give him, and not
because he cared for Dr. Judson or the religion he taught.
Dr. Judson returned to Rangoon to meet
his wife. As soon as she arrived he intended
removing to Ava. The little church at Rangoon could be left now to the care of the new
missionaries; and he hoped in a short time to
form another church in the capital city itself.
The translation of the New Testament had
been progressing during all these years, and
while Dr. Judson was waiting at Rangoon for
his wife he completed this work. It was not
yet a printed book, but it was all written upon
paper ready to be printed-the precious story
of our Saviour's life and death; of his resurrection and ascension, the account of his apostles' travels and sufferings; the letters they
wrote; down to the last words that Jesus
gave us to remember: " Behold, I come quickly; blessed is he that keepeth the sayings of
the prophecy of this book."




JUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON.  85
CHAPTER  VIII.
PR.  TUDSON  AND  PR. fJRICE IN THE
PRISON.
\N this chapter you will not hear of
4i\)/  missionary work, but of cruel impris^l.cl onment and bitter suffering.
Mrs. Judson reached Rangoon safely, and in much better health than when she
left. She found her husband waiting for her,
in order to take her with him to Ava, and it
was not long before they started.
On their way up the river they often landed
at the villages; and to the dark villagers a
white woman was quite a curiosity. They
would make remarks to each other about Mrs.
Judson, and then run on in front, so as to
have a good long stare as she came up.
Not very far from Ava they saw upon the
river a fleet of boats. They were war-boats,
adorned with gold, and filled with Burmese
soldiers. The soldiers were on their way to




86    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
fight against the English at Chittagong, and
at their head was their great general, Bandoola.
Bandoola ordered Dr. Judson's boat to be
stopped and examined-that was not at all
pleasant.  However, the missionaries were
allowed to pass on, and they reached the end
of their journey in safety.
When Dr. and Mrs. Judson met that fleet
of war-ships, they little knew what sad trouble the war would bring to them.
Dr. Price met them at Ava, and in a fortnight's time they had built a little board house
to live in. It contained three rooms and a
verandah, and was raised by stakes four feet
from the ground. A fortnight seems a very
short time for building a house, does it not?
but this is a very common kind of dwelling
in Burmah.  They hoped in time to have a
better-a brick house, which would not so
quickly get heated through by the sun. Mrs.
Judson says this little board house was like
an oven.
Dr. Judson began at once to teach and
preach, and Mrs. Judson was busy with some
little girls, who had been brought to her by




JUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON.  87
their father, that she might teach them. She
called them Mary and Abby.
The king was not in Ava when Dr. and Mrs.
Judson arrived, but he soon returned, accompanied by all his viceroys and officers, dressed
in their most splendid robes. They entered
the city, mounted on enormous elephants and
handsome horses, making a very fine procession; and the white elephant, adorned with
gold and jewels, was a most beautiful object.
There was peace and rejoicing in Ava; but
many war-boats constantly went down the
river, and Mrs. Judson could watch them as
they passed her house, and see how smart and
joyful the soldiers looked, who were going, as
they believed, to conquer the English.
The English fleet had sailed up the river to
Rangoon; but the king expected that the
ships would soon be driven back, and that all
the English soldiers and sailors would be killed
or taken prisoners. So firmly did he believe
this, that he gave orders to his officers not to
kill them all, but to keep some for slaves, and
to be especially careful to preserve guns and
ammunition, as they would be useful when
next'he went to war with the Siamese. The




88    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Burmese knew that the English had conquered
the Hindoos, but this did not alarm them; they
considered themselves a vastly superior nation, and supposed that the English had never
yet fought with a people so brave as themselves, nor with any as skilful in the use of the
sword and spear.
Dr. and Mrs. Judson hoped, as they were
Americans, and not English, that, in spite of
the war, they would not be interfered with,
but would be allowed to continue their work
in security.
In this they were disappointed. The Burmese knew so little of geography and history
that they thought all white men, except the
French, were subjects of Britain; and that,
since the overthrow of Napoleon at the battle
of Waterloo, even France had become part of
the English dominions. Dr. and Mrs. Judson spoke the English language, and received
their money through Englishmen; so no wonder the Burmese did not believe them when
they said they belonged to a different nation.
One day, just as dinner was ready in the
mission house, a Burmese officer and some
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90     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Dr. Judson was seized and thrown on the
floor; ropes were tied tightly round his wrists,
and he was dragged away to prison.  The
cords were tied so tightly round his arms that
they cut through the flesh; but this was only
the beginning of cruelties. Almost all his
clothes were stripped off him, and every
thing that he had in his pockets was taken
away.
In the middle of the prison-yard he was
made to sit down. Here a block of stone was
placed, and on this block a smith, with a maul,
fixed upon his ankles three pairs of fetters.
He was bid to get up and walk into the prison
house.  The chains were heavy, and they
fastened his feet so closely together, that it
was with difficulty he could move at all. But
the wicket of the prison house was at length
reached and closed upon him.
If I tell you something of what the prison
room was like, you will perhaps understand a
little of the misery that Dr. Judson, a Christian gentleman, who loved cleanliness and
neatness, must have endured there.
The room into which Dr. Judson was locked
was called the Let-ma-yoon-toung, or death




JUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON.  91
prison; because almost all imprisoned there
were, sooner or later, put to death.
It was built of strong teak boards, without
windows, or indeed any regular opening except the doorway. Happily, the boards did
not join very neatly, and there were chinks
and crevices through which a little light and
air found entrance; or how could the forty
or fifty prisoners, who lay in chains upon the
floor, have existed at all?
In the centre of the room was a tripod, on
which stood an earthenware oil lamp. The
only other furniture consisted of stocks; and
many of the poor creatures, besides wearing
chains, had their feet fast in the stocks.
Dr. Price, and all the other white men in
Ava, were brought to this terrible prison.
But, though they were there together, they
were not allowed to speak to each other in
their own languages, lest they should say
something they did not wish their jailers to
hear.
When night came the white prisoners were
made to lie down in a row upon the bare and
dirty floor; and there they were strung together by a long bamboo passed between their




92     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
chained legs. The bamboo was then hoisted
from the ground by pulleys and ropes at each
end, until half of their bodies was raised from
the floor; and when the jailer had in this
way made them as uncomfortable as possible,
he wished them " good night," and left them.
The first night in that prison must have
been very terrible.  Besides the misery of
lying on such a dirty floor, and in such a very
uncomfortable position, there was to be endured. the pain caused by the heavy fetters,
by the swollen and bleeding wrists; and all
around there was the sight of others in pain
and misery also.
Then, too, there was the thought of those
outside.  What had happened to the dear
wife from whom Dr. Judson had been so cruelly separated?  She was left alone among
the wicked, heartless people.  She might
already be dead, or she might soon be brought
to join him in the prison.
Morning dawned, and through the crevices
of the walls streamed in rays of light, which
told the prisoners of the glad sunshine God
was pouring over the earth. But though his
servants in the prison were shut out from the




JUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON.  93
full sunlight, they were not shut out of God's
sight, nor from the light of his countenance.
With the morning came the jailer, to count
over his prisoners and to see that none had
escaped. Do you expect to hear that breakfast came too?  Nothing of the kind.  No
food was supplied to the prisoners, unless a
friend brought them a meal, or some charitable person remembered them and sent a supply of boiled rice. So it came to pass that
those who had not friends often died of starvation, and those who were not regularly supplied looked haggard and thin, and when they
did get a meal, they often ate so much as to
make themselves ill.
The day wore on. There were groans and
curses to be heard; there were pain and agony
to be witnessed and endured through the long,
weary hours.
Afternoon came; it was nearly three o'clock.
Why was every one becoming silent, and looking so frightened?  The gong sounded the
hour; the wicket opened; in walked one of
the spotted executioners, and without a word,
he seized a prisoner and carried him away for
execution. It was always at three o'clock




94    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
that the executioner entered, if any one was
to be put to death that day. Do you wonder
that all grew silent and fearful as the dread
hour approached, since no one knew who
would be taken next?
Mrs. Judson did not come to inquire for her
husband for three days. She had not been
put in prison, but she had been guarded in
her house; all her boxes had been searched,
and a good deal of money taken from her.
She had thought it better at once to destroy
all her letters and papers-all except the precious manuscript of the New Testament. This
she did not destroy, but to preserve it, she
fastened it up in a piece of common cotton
cloth, and wound a mat round it to make a
pillow.
When, at the end of three days, Mrs. Judson was permitted to leave her house, she
went at once to the prison. Her husband
was allowed to creep out into the court to
receive her. How shocked she must have
been to see him in such a condition. How
sad their meeting was!
Mrs. Judson, however, was not a lady who
wasted time in grieving when it was possible




JUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON.  95
to make things better. -She tried to comfort
and cheer her husband, and instead of going
home to weep, she made herself busy in preparing food, and clean clothing, and pillows,
not only for Dr. Judson, but for the other
white prisoners also.
You can guess what pillow was carried to
Dr. Judson. No one but he and his wife, and
the God who rules all things, knew how precious that pillow was.
The white prisoners in the dreadful death
prison had not been left without food during
those three days, for some of the native servants had remembered their masters, and
brought them their meals. Through all the
eighteen months of their imprisonment this
was done.
Mrs. Judson went from governor to governor, hoping to find one among them who would
take compassion upon her, and her husband,
and the white prisoners; but she met only
with unkindness. At length, by bribes, she
induced the governor of the prison to allow
them to come out of the loathsome room to a
corner of an open shed opposite the prison
door. Here they stayed for a few days, and




96     THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
were even provided with water to wash themselves.
That governor of the jail appears to have
been really sorry for Mrs. Judson, and to have
been willing to help her when he could; but
he dared not do much. She was, however,
allowed to come frequently to the prison court,
and to talk sometimes with her husband.
How she must have longed to unfasten the
cruel chains around his ankles, and to dress
the wounds on his wrists which the tight cords
had made!
In the midst of all this trouble God sent a
baby girl to Mrs. Judson. Poor little baby!
It was sent into a sad home. Its mother carried it to the prison when it was only two or
three weeks old, and there its father first saw
and kissed his little Maria.
Mrs. Judson had now plenty to do; for, besides her baby to nurse and tend, there were
Mary and Abby to be thought for at home,
and her husband in the prison to see and
comfort; there was his food, too, to prepare
and carry; and besides attending to all this,
she constantly endeavored to obtain favors for
him from one governor or another.




JUDSON AND- PRICE IN PRISON.  97
Mrs. Judson had more to do than she was
strong enough to accomplish; but to Dr.
Judson in that dreary, dirty prison, the hours
must have worn away very, very slowly. The
fetters were not taken off; but after a time
the jailers became less strict about the speaking, and the white prisoners did sometimes
manage to say a few words to each other.
Dr. Judson and another gentleman, Mr.
Gouger, contrived a chess-board between
them, by means of which they whiled away
many weary hours. An old piece of buffalo
skin was the board; the squares were marked
out with real lampblack, for they obtained it
from the lamp which burned always in the
middle of the room; and from a bit of bamboo, with a knife, they cut out some men
which, though not very handsome, answered
the purpose well enough.
Some of the prisoners were, no doubt, very
wicked men; there were thieves and murderers
among them, but some appear to have done
nothing worthy of so unhappy a fate, and some
seem to have been quite out of their minds.
One prisoner was accused of having made
an image of the king, and then of walking
White Foreigners.  13




98    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
over it. I suppose this was considered a very
great insult to his majesty. One night the
inhuman jailers killed the poor man who committed this crime by breaking his spine.
Another man had said he could fly, and so
he was put in prison. He must have been
out of his mind. In this country he would
have been taken to a comfortable asylum,
where he would have had a doctor to attend
to him, and every thing about him made as
cheerful and comfortable as possible, with the
hope that when he was comfortable and happy
his mind might get better. In Burmah he
was taken to the Let-ma-yoon-toung; and the
jailers were so afraid lest he really should fly
away that they took extraordinary pains to
keep him fast.  Three pairs of irons were
fastened round his ankles, and his feet were
put in the stocks.  His wrists were bound
together with a long rope, and the other end
was tied to a rafter in the ceiling. His long
hair was twisted into braids, and each braid
was pinned to the floor, and a rope round his
waist was also fastened to the floor.
You will say that now he certainly could
not fly away. The jailers were not quite so




JUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON.  99
certain, and the poor lunatic still said he
would. One more thing they could still do to
secure him. They passed cords through the
holes bored in his ears for rings, and pinned
them also to the ground.
One day there was a cry of fire in the city.
Two or three of the executioners ran out immediately, for there would certainly be work
for them. By-and-by they returned, leading
a man who had his hands tied behind him,
his face smeared with charcoal, and a firebrand hanging round his neck. The unfortunate man had carelessly set fire to his house.
The next day he was whipped through the
streets, and then released.
As so many of the houses were built of
wood, and one being carelessly set on fire
might have caused a very great deal of mischief, this man deserved some punishment.
People ought to be very thoughtful when, by
want of care, they may cause loss, or danger,
or even discomfort to others.
Through the entreaties of Mrs. Judson the
white prisoners had been again allowed to
leave the inner prison, and to occupy some of
the little cells around the courtyard.




100    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
They had been imprisoned for some months,
when one day-it was on the first of Marchcame the intelligence that the Burmese troops
had been defeated, and that the English
army, instead of being driven back, was advancing up the river to Prome.
When this news reached Ava the white
prisoners were, one by one, brought from their
cells and assembled in silence round the block
of stone in the centre of the court. Here two
more pairs of fetters were fixed upon their
legs, and then, hardly able to move, they were
sent again into the prison.
This took place when little Maria was about
two months old. Mrs. Judson does not seem
to have gone to the prison herself that day;
but her husband sent her word of what had
happened, and that his mat and pillow, and
all that he had, had been taken away by his
jailers.
The loss of the pillow was, as you know, a
very serious matter.
Mrs. Judson found out as soon as possible
which of the men had taken possession of the
precious pillow, and gave him in exchange one
much handsomer and better looking. I dare




HUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON. 101
say he wondered why she cared to have that
old cotton pillow; it looked worth almost
nothing, and was very hard. He could not
guess what a treasure it contained, and how
much labor and thought were rolled up in
that worthless-looking thing.
The Let-ma-yoon-toung was at this time
very full. A number of prisoners-of-war were
confined there, so that nearly a hundred men
were shut up in that close room. It was the
hot season too. Soon the white men were so
ill that it was really a great wonder they did
not all die.
Mrs. Judson went many times to the governor of the jail, begging that they might be
released, or at any rate be made more comfortable. No doubt they owed their lives to
her exertions. The governor of the prison
once said to her with tears in his eyes:
" I pity you; and, believe me, I do not wish
to increase the sufferings of the prisoners.
Three times the queen's brother has desired
me to assassinate them privately, but I would
not. I will never execute your husband; but
I cannot release him-you must not ask me."
The governor, however, allowed them to




102    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
drag themselves every day to the prison-door,
there to receive and eat their dinner; and this
daily refreshment, little as it was, must have
been a great comfort.
For a long time Mrs. Judson contrived to
convey little notes to her husband. They
were generally hidden in the dish on which
his meals were carried to him; sometimes the
spout of a coffee-pot was stuffed with a little
roll of paper; and in these notes she told
him many things which she was afraid of saying aloud. At last these notes were discovered, and Mrs. Judson very narrowly escaped
being imprisoned also. Perhaps her friend
the governor saved her from this.
At the end of March the Burmese gained a
victory over the English at Ramoo. When
the news of this triumph reached Ava it
caused great rejoicing. Some English prisoners had been taken by Bandoola; and these
prisoners, with the baggage, arms, and ammunition which had been captured, were paraded
through the city in a public procession, which
the king came out to see.
Soon after this victory the Burmese general,
Bandoola, was killed by the explosion of a




JUDSON AND PRICE IN PRISON. 103
bombshell; and his troops were so discouraged in consequence that they were quite
afraid to fight. I think Bandoola's death
frightened the king also; but he showed his
alarm in a strange way. The messenger who
brought the intelligence was the general's own
brother; and the king at once ordered that
his head should be cut off.




104    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER IX.
THE PRISON AT PUNG —BEN-LAI.
NOTHER month passed away, and in
[', May the white prisoners were once
more assembl 3d round the stone block
in the court. There they stood, a
haggard, dirty, hollow-eyed, miserable group;
not this time to have their fetters fastened on,
but to have all taken off.
What! were they free?
No, indeed, far from that. Their fetters
were knocked off, and then they were tied
together two and two, and led out of the prison court along the street. They believed they
were all to be killed, for they were going towards the place of execution. Presently, however, the jailers turned down another road,
and soon they were out of the town, walking
at midday over a plain of burning sand.
Burning, indeed, it must have been to their
bare feet and under that tropical sun. Their




THE PRISON AT OUNG-BEN-LAI. 105
feet were very tender, they had so long been
unaccustomed to walking; soon blisters formed
upon the soles, and burst and bled.  They
were weary and sick and faint, and yet in
spite of pain and exhaustion they were still
driven on by their jailers.
One man, a Greek, dropped down upon the
road and died; and Dr. Judson was so ill and
weak that he would have done the same, had
not a servant run up just in time. This kind
man took off his turban, tore it up, and with
it bound up Dr. Judson's bleeding feet; then
for the rest of the day he walked by his side
and helped him along.
The second day the journey was continued
in a cart; for so stiff and sore were all the
prisoners that even the jailers saw it was impossible for.them to walk. By the evening
they reached Oung-ben-lai, the place at which
they were to stop.
The prison at Oung-ben-lai was not considered very secure, and therefore the prisoners
were made fast in the stocks. The stocks,
too, were hoisted off the ground, as had been
done at the Let-ma-yoon-toung. The place
swarmed with mosquitoes, and these trouble14




106    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
some insects settled thickly upon their sore
feet; they could not reach them with their
hands to drive them away, and the pain and
irritation were terrible. They made so much
noise that at last the jailer came and lowered
the stocks, and after that the weary men obtained a little rest.
The morning that the white prisoners were
so suddenly removed from the Let-ma-yoontoung, Mrs. Judson had been as usual with
her husband.  While they were talking together, the governor of the jail sent a messenger to say he wished to see her immediately.
She went to him at once, and found he only
wanted to ask some questions about his
watch, which, he said, was not keeping good
time.  She wished to hasten back to her
husband, but he detained her as long as possible.
At last she left him and returned to the
jail. But where was her husband?  Where
was Dr. Price?  Where were all the white
prisoners?  Gone, gone; and no one could
tell her where. She hurried along the streets
with her baby in her arms, asking all she met
if they had seen the white prisoners. At length




THE PRISON AT OUNG-BEN-LAI. 107
she heard that they had been taken away out
of the town in the direction of Oung-ben-lai.
It was a relief to hear this, for she had greatly
feared that they had been taken to execution,
and that she should never see her husband
more.
She returned to the governor to learn the
truth, but he told her he knew nothing more
than she had already heard. He too seemed
to have believed that they would be put to
death, for he kindly said: "I will send off a
man to follow them, and see, what is to be
done. You can do nothing more for your
husband; take care of yourself."
But Mrs. Judson felt she could not take
care of herself; she must follow her husband,
whatever happened.  She knew that, marching through the day under that scorching sun,
without even an umbrella to shelter him, he
would surely be ill; and if she were not by
him, there would be no one to bring him nourishment or to comfort him.
The next morning she left Ava to follow the
prisoners to Oung-ben-lai, with Koochil the
cook, little Mary and Abby, and her baby
Maria lying on her bosom. Part of the way




108    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
they went in a boat up the river, and part of
the way in a cart.
The precious pillow was safe. It had been
thrown away in the jail court as rubbish. But
Moung Ing had been there in the course of
the day; he happened to see it, and as it had
belonged to his master, and he knew that for
some reason it was valued, he carried it away
to Mrs. Judson. I do not think he knew what
was in it; but doubtless it was the great and
good God who directed Moung Ing's eyes to
it, and put the thought in his heart to keep it.
Mrs. Judson reached Oung-ben-lai the day
after her husband. It was a rising ground
surrounded with vast rice plains. The prison
itself was a much more airy house than that
at Ava, and in this respect it was better; but
the prison and the land around was infested
with serpents and other creatures nearly as
bad. When the rice plantations were inundated, large numbers of animals took refuge
from the waters on this rising ground. All
the prisoners were allowed to arm themselves
with large sticks, in order to defend themselves; and during the time that they remained there they killed more than a dozen




THE PRISON AT OUNG-BEN-LAI. 109
cobra-capellos, which are, you know, very poisonous serpents, and great numbers that were
less dangerous.
When the prisoners arrived at their new
prison they noticed that in the space between
the floor and the ground there were piled large
numbers of fagots.  Did the king intend to
have the house and prisoners all burnt together?  Was this what the governor meant
when he said: "Take care of yourself; you
can do nothing more for your husband?" It
may have been the case; but if so, God turned
his heart and saved Dr. Judson and his
friends.
One day a new prisoner came to Oung-benlai. A strange prisoner, indeed! A lion in
his cage. It is quite possible that the king
intended him to eat up the white captives.
No reason was given for his coming. He was
a fine Arabian lion, which had been sent as a
present to the king. No food was given to
the poor animal; he was left, as many other
prisoners had been left, to die of starvation.
The poor lion roared terribly, and dashed
itself against the strong bars of its cage so
fiercely that it was soon wounded and bleeding.




110    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Sometimes a kind woman would give it a
piece of meat; but this was not enough to
satisfy it, only enough to make it long for
more, so that the kindness only made matters
worse. Sometimes one of the jailers would
fling pails of water over the poor beast's heated skin.  This would make it shriek with
pleasure; but it wanted a supply of food,
which it could not get, and day by day it
grew weaker and weaker until it died. Then
its body was dragged out of its cage and
buried.
Why had this strange prisoner been sent to
Oung-ben-lai? I cannot tell. Some thought
that the king really had intended that the
white prisoners should have been given to it
as food.  It was far better that it should die
of starvation than that it should eat them.
Some thought there was another reason. The
lion had been a great favorite; but it was
whispered in Ava that this conquering English
people had upon their standard the representation of a lion. Is it possible the king was
foolish enough to think that if his lion died
the people with the lion standard might be
overcome?  The jailer as he watched the




THE PRISON AT OUNG-BEN-LAI. 111
poor creature's struggles would sometimes say
that it was the British lion in vain trying to
struggle against the Burmese. Whatever was
the reason, the poor lion at Oung-ben-lai
died; but those who fought under the English
standard were bold and brave and conquering
still.
At this time Dr. Judson was lying weak
and ill with fever; and the day after the lion's
death, as he dragged his chains with difficulty to the doorway, to meet his wife and
kiss his baby daughter, he begged her to try
and obtain permission for him to lie in the
empty lion's cage, instead of in the terrible
prison. The jailer gave permission. Mrs.
Judson made the cage as clean as she could
for her husband, and then he took possession
of it thankfully. Here he had more air than
in the prison, and soon recovered a little from
his fever.
Mrs. Judson was near her husband at Oungben-lai, but her troubles seemed to grow worse
and worse. She asked permission to put up
a little bamboo house near the prison. This
was not allowed, but one of the jailers took
her to his house. There were in it only two




112    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
tiny dirty rooms; one of these two he and his
family occupied, and in the other Mrs. Judson,
with Koochil and the children, lived for six
months.
There was great difficulty in procuring food,
even of the coarsest kind. A little rice or
dried fish was all that could be obtained, and
sometimes not even that.
The very day after their arrival Mary took
the smallpox, and then little Maria sickened
with it. Mrs. Judson had to tend them besides her suffering husband. Soon she was
ill too, so ill that she could with difficulty
crawl to the prison.  Weak as she was, she
set off in a cart to Ava to procure medicines,
which she had left there, and to buy better
food. When she returned, so weak and altered was she, that, as she crawled into the
room again, Koochil burst into tears at the
sight of his mistress.
For two months she could not get up from
the mat which was her only bed, and what
she would have done without the good and
kind Koochil, I do not know.  He waited
upon his mistress and the children; he brought
wood for the fire and water to boil the rice.




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114    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
had no time to eat any thing himself until
night. He asked for no wages, for he knew
his mistress could hardly find money to buy
food; he worked and waited and hoped for
better days-he was serving God as well as
his master and mistress. Dr. and Mrs. Judson loved him, and rewarded him when the
better days dawned. I am sure God, too,
loved and rewarded him.
Poor little Maria was perhaps worse off
than any one just now when Mrs. Judson was
ill; a baby needs milk, and her mother could
neither give her any, nor buy it, for there was
none to be bought.  So baby was nearly
starved, and cried constantly. She would certainly have died, had not the jailers allowed
Dr. Judson to come out of prison for a few
hours every day, in order to carry her round
the village and beg the mothers of babies to
spare a little milk for her. In this way the
poor little child was kept alive.
These days were very, very dark indeed;
but brighter ones were coming.
When Dr. Judson had been a prisoner for
a year and a half, he was removed from Oungben-lai. He was not yet made a free man,




THE PRISON AT OUNG-BEN-LAI. 115
but he was wanted by the king as interpreter.
The king wished to make peace with the English, and a good deal of talking and writing
had to be done before all the arrangements
could be made. Dr. Price was also wanted;
and by-and-by, when peace was finally arranged, they, and all the other white prisoners, were made free.
Mrs. Judson returned to Ava when her husband left Oung-ben-lai. There she was again
taken very ill-it seemed hardly possible she
should recover. Her husband was away upon
the king's business. He did not know how
ill she was; and had he known, he could not
have come to her. He was even brought to
Ava, and passed by the door of the house
where his wife was lying, but was not allowed
to enter. He was still a prisoner.
But the next morning the governor who
had so often befriended him set Dr. Judson
free, with permission to go home.
He hurried along the streets; the door of
his house was open; he entered.  A dirty,
fat, half-naked woman was squatting on the
floor by a little fire. In her arms was a poor,
neglected baby-one so dirty that Dr. Judson




116   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
did not for a moment imagine it was his little
Maria. But what were the woman and child
doing in his house?
He hastened into the next room to find his
wife. He found her lying across the foot of
the bed, asleep. But how altered every thing
was!  How pale and thin and wasted she
was! how dirty and uncomfortable the room
in which she lay! No doubt Koochil had
done his very best; but he could not properly
nurse a sick lady and a baby.
For many days Mrs. Judson had known
nothing of what was passing around her, and
so could not direct her willing servant. At
one time some Burmese neighbors had entered the room to see her die. " She is dead,"
they said; "and if the King of angels should
come in, he could not recover her."
Biut they were wrong. The King of angels
was there, and he restored her for a little
while to her husband and child. Now that
her husband was at liberty she had a better
nurse; and in the joy of being together again,
free, after this sad, sad time, how happy they
must have been!
It was, of course, not desirable to remain at




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118    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
one delicious thrill. I think I have had a
better appreciation of what heaven may be
ever since."
Sir Archibald Campbell, the English general, was at Yandabo, and a great many Burmese governors had assembled there to arrange the peace.  Sir Archibald Campbell
gave them all a dinner soon after Dr. and
Mrs. Judson arrived. It was a very grand
dinner in a tent; there were flags flying and
bands playing. When the dinner hour arrived, the company rose two and two to take
their places, but Sir Archibald walked before
them alone. They reached the tent; the music stopped, and. every one stood still. This
surprised the Burmese; they wondered what
would happen next. The general went into
the tent, and soon appeared leading Mrs.
Judson, whom he placed by his side at the
head of the table. All the guests took their
seats; but the Burmese governors looked very
uncomfortable. There was not one of them
who had not been unkind to Mrs. Judson, and
they saw that now it was in her power to treat
them as they had treated her.
The general soon noticed the looks of his




THE PRISON AT OUNG-BEN-LAI. 119
guests. He turned to Mrs. Judson, and said:
"I think these gentlemen must be acquaintances of yours, and judging from their looks,
you must have used them very ill."
Mrs. Judson only smiled; but the Burmese
saw that the general was speaking of them,
though they could not understand English,
and they became more and more frightened.
" What is the matter with that man with a
pointed beard?" continued Sir Archibald;
"'he seems to be seized with an ague fit."
"I cannot tell," answered Mrs. Judson,
"unless his memory is busy. He is an old
acquaintance of mine, and perhaps may infer
danger to himself from seeing me under your
protection." She then went on to tell the
general why this guest was so afraid. At the
time Dr. Judson was confined in the inner
prison, ill with fever, and with five pairs of
fetters on, she had walked several miles to
beg a favor of this man. She was worn and
very thin in consequence of illness and sorrow; but in spite of her weakness and the
great heat, she had taken her umbrella and,
for her husband's sake, had gone to ask for
what she wanted. The governor had refused




120    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
her request; but as she turned away from his
door, weary and downcast, he noticed her
nice silk umbrella, and without ceremony or
apology, he seized it. She begged him to
return it, as it was dangerous to walk in the
sun without some protection; but he would
not listen. She begged him at least to give
her in exchange a common paper umbrella,
to screen her from the scorching noonday
heat; but he only laughed. "The sun could
not find out such as she," he said; "she was
too thin; it was only stout people that had
sunstrokes;" and so he sent her away.
Do you wonder he felt frightened now,
when he saw Mrs. Judson sitting at the general's right hand, and remembered how he
had treated her? He must have been sure
too that she was telling the English officers
all the story; for though he could not understand the language that was spoken, they kept\
looking at him very angrily; and no wonder;
for Englishmen are not in the habit of treating women so.
Mrs. Judson turned to the Burman, and
told him in his own language that he had
nothing to fear; but, in spite of this assu



THE PRISON AT OUNG-BEN-:LAI. 121
rance, you may suppose the dinner was not
a very pleasant one to him and his companions.
The war, which was now happily ended,
taught the Buirmese some new lessons, and
quite changed their opinions about the English and sepoys.
They were astonished at the skill displayed
by the foreigners in the use of artillery and
rockets and shells. They were very much
surprised to see that in fighting, if one soldier
was wounded, another immediately took his
place; they did not know what to think of
them, and compared the English to some
demons they believe in, called balus, which
they say feed on human flesh.
They were so surprised that they believed
quite impossible things. They said that the
soldiers went on fighting even after their
hands were cut off, and that' the surgeons
came after the troops, picked up the arms
and legs which were left behind, and stuck
them on the wounded men again.
But what astonished them most of all was
this: the English kept their word. If they
promised to do a thing, they did it. They
16




122    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
had said they would leave Rangoon, and they
left. Such conduct as this the Burmese could
not understand. "The English have a regard
for truth," they said, "which is extraordinary.
In us Burmese there is no truth."
I hope both you and I will do all we can to
keep up the character of the people that love
the Bible as a truth-telling people, though we
may never have an opportunity of astonishing
the Burmese.




DR. JUDSON ALONE.          123
CHAPTER X.
pR. JUDSON ALONE AT AMHERST.
~.} /. ~'..HE war was over; Dr. Judson was
free. He returned to Rangoon with
his wife, to find the mission house destroyed and the Christians scattered.
It was impossible to settle there at that
time with any hope of success; so the missionaries removed to Amherst, on the river
Salween.  This place, and the country in
which it is situated, had been given up to the
English at the close of the war. Here they
would be protected; and they hoped at last
for a comfortable and happy home.
Many of the Christians and other Burmese,
who could no longer remain at Rangoon, also
removed to Amherst; mission work was once
more commenced, and a school was opened
and placed under the care of Moung Ing.
Dr. Judson was again wanted in Ava as interpreter. He went, leaving his wife in Am



124    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
herst, and hoping to return to her in two or
three months. She had never been well since
the illnesses of which I have told you; she
was worn out with suffering, and here, at Amherst, alone and among strangers, she sickened and died. The English residents in the
place were very kind to her, but no mother or
sister or husband was by.
This is part of the last letter she wrote to
her husband:
" Moung Ing's school has commenced with
ten scholars, and more are expected. Poor
little Maria is still feeble. I sometimes hope
she is getting better; then again she declines
to her former weakness.  When I ask her
where papa is, she always starts up and points
towards the sea. The servants behave very
well; and I have no trouble about any thing,
excepting you and Maria. Pray take care of
yourself, particularly as it regards the intermittent fever at Ava. May God preserve and
bless you, and restore you in safety to your
new and old home, is the prayer of your
affectionate ANN."
Dr. Judson heard of his dear wife's death
while still at Ava. He reached his home in




DR. JUDSON ALONE.          125
safety; but she who had made his home so
very precious to him was not there. She had
been called away; but it was away from sickness and grief and pain, to be for ever joyful
and well in the bright and happy home Jesus
had prepared for her in heaven.
A very few months after her mother's death,
the angels carried away the little Maria also,
and took her to Jesus.
Dr. Judson was left alone; how lonely and
sad he was who can say? Many people were
kind to him and sorry for him, not only among
the English, but the Christian Burmese also,
who loved their kind teacher.
Too ill and unhappy to preach or teach, Dr.
Judson took his Bible and went away into the
jungle to read and pray. The place which he
had chosen was not safe; wild beasts, and
particularly tigers, roamed among the thick
grass and trees. He did not know that any
one followed him; but a good Christian man,
named Ko Dwah, went after him, knowing
that Dr. Judson was thinking so much of
other things that he could not remember the
tigers. At night, when the teacher he so
much loved returned to his bamboo house,




126    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Ko Dwah remained behind in the jungle, and
made a seat there under the trees, and drew
the branches together overhead so as to form
a little arbor.
Dr. Judson went to that seat day after day
for more than a month, and God kept him
safely all the while; but he never knew who
had done this deed of love for him. But as
he sat there under the broad forest-trees, and
read the sweet words that tell of God's boundless love, and felt how his love was all around
him, in the sky and in the air, in the trees and
grass and flowers and every thing that makes
the world beautiful, and how even to this
lonely spot his fellow-creatures' love had followed him, he grew happier in his loneliness,
and more and more willing to devote himself
to God and the Burmese.
You remember how once the prophet Elijah went a day's journey into the wilderness,
and sat down weary and faint and sad under
a juniper-tree. God sent an angel to him to
comfort and cheer him. Does it not seem to
you that Ko Dwah was, like this angel, sent
by God to comfort Dr. Judson in the jungle?




NEW MISSIONARIES.         127
CHAPTER  XI.
NAULMAIN, AND PEW JAISSIONARIES.
IHILE Dr. Judson was in prison, other
missionaries had been waiting at Calcutta until peace should be restored
in Burmah, intending then to join him.
They arrived in Amherst very soon after Mrs.
Judson's death, and one of them, Mrs. Wade,
took charge of her baby until, as I have told
you, she joined her mother in heaven.
The names of these missionaries were Mr.
and Mrs. Wade, and Mr. and Mrs. Boardman. There were soon so many missionaries
in Burmah, that you would not remember all
their names even if you heard them; and it
would be quite impossible in a little book like
this to give you any idea of all the work they
did-the houses they built, the zayats they
made in which to preach, the schools they
opened in which to teach the heathen children, the journeys they undertook, and the




128    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
cities, towns, and villages which they visited.
Dr. Judson, with Mr. and Mrs. Wade and
Mr. and Mrs. Boardman, did not remain at
Amherst, but soon went to reside at Maulmain. This city, also, you will find on the
Salween river, at its mouth. It is only twenty-five miles from Amherst, and had also come
into the possession of the English at the close
of the war.
Maulmain must be a fine city to look at.
Beautiful hills rise on all sides, and the slopes
are covered with houses and pillars, with convents, kyoungs, temples, and glittering pagodas, which rise amid groves of palms, cocoanuts, bananas, tamarinds, mangoes, and citrons.  On the banks of the river are large
yards, to which thousands of logs of teakwood are floated every year. Here sawyers
are at work shaping the wood, and elephants
are constantly employed dragging the huge
tree-trunks up from the river's edge. A man
called a mahout sits upon the elephant's neck,
and directs him how to move and shift and
arrange the logs. The docile animals do their
work most patiently and cleverly. I should




NEW MISSIONARIES.           129
like to pay a visit to those timber-yardsshould not you? Every yard has at least two
elephants.
The principal pagoda at Maulmain, called
Payah Pu, stands on a wide plateau, and has
four large gateways opening to it, each gateway guarded by huge stone lions with enormous glass eyes.  This pagoda, too, has a
large bell, around which is engraved a Burmese inscription, and underneath the Burmese is one in English. This is the English
inscription:
"This bell is made by Koonalinnguh-yah,
the priest, and its weight 600 viss. No one
design to destroy this bell. Maulmain, March
30, 1855. He who destroyed to this bell, they
must be in the great heell and unable to coming out."
You will see from the date that this inscription, so funnily expressed and badly spelt,
was written many years after the missionaries
first settled at Maulmain, which was in the
year 1827.
In the year 1827, instead of large busy
yards crowded with timber and workmen and
elephants, there was, by the river side, only a
White Fereigners.  17




130   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
row of poor little native houses. The number
of houses, however, was daily growing larger,
for many of the Burmese preferred the government of the English to that of their own
king. Some sepoys and English officers were
staying near in cantonments; and the missionaries soon erected a little bamboo-house.
This little house was about a mile from the
English cantonments, and close by was a thick
jungle, in which, night after night, the cries
and howls of wild beasts were heard; it was
unsafe, also, on account of the murderers and
robbers who prowled about.
One night, Mrs. Boardman awoke, and was
surprised to find the light extinguished, which
had certainly been left burning when she
kissed her baby and lay down by her husband's side to go to sleep. She arose to relight the lamp, but what a scene of confusion
she beheld! The trunks and boxes and chests
of drawers had all been opened, and their
contents turned out upon the floor. Thieves
had been into the room, and had carried away
every thing that appeared to them valuable.
How quietly they must have done their work
not to disturb the sleepers! But suppose that




NEW MISSIONARIES.          131
either Mr. or IMrs. Boardman had awakened,
or that the baby had cried, what then? In
the muslin musquito-curtains hanging over the
bed two long gashes showed where murderers
had stood with knives in their hands, ready
to slay if need were, while their companions
rifled the room.
Yes, murderers had stood by the bedside;
but had not angels too been there-angels
sent by Him who never slumbers, to keep his
servants from awakening? No care of their
own could have saved them in that hour of
danger; but "so he giveth his beloved sleep."
After this, Sir Archibald Campbell provided
a guard of sepoys to protect the house; and
the population increased so rapidly, that before long the missionaries' house was nearly
in the centre of the town. The wild beasts
were driven farther away by the presence of
man, and the unruly men were more restrained by the presence of law and order.
With so many heathen settling around
them, there was plenty of work to do. Mrs.
Wade and Mrs. Boardman opened schools
for the little Burmese girls, and Dr. Judson
and Mr. Wade built zayats, one at the north




132   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
and the other at the south end of the town.
In these zayats the missionaries spent most
of their time; and as some of the Christians
from Rangoon had settled at Maulmain, and
helped the missionaries, and there was no
government opposition to fear, there was
great reason to hope for much progress.
There was progress, and the progress has
continued all through the years from that day
to this. But the Burmese have not quickly
learned to love Jesus, and to see how happy
his religion would make them; most of them
still believe in their false god, Gaudama.
Some Burmese, indeed many, have been converted to God; but it was not the proud Burmese, but a people whom they despised and
enslaved and ill-treated-the poor Karenswho were to receive gladly the good news
that Jesus brought.




THE KARENS AT DONG-YAHN. 133
CHAPTER XII.
THE  ThARENS  AT  PONG-YAHN, AND
THEIR TRADITIONS.
URMAH is not inhabited by the Bur-'me rmese only.  Away beyond the fine:  Burmese cities, among the beautiful
mountains and in jungle villages dwell tribes
of people called Karens.
Long years ago they had been subdued by
their Burmese neighbors, and now many of
them were slaves, and all of them were oppressed and ill-treated by their conquerors.
They were wild, rough, and almost savage in
their appearance; their religion was different
from that of the Burmese; they spoke a different language and wore a different dress.
The missionaries had often noticed these
poor people. In the autumn of the year, especially, many of them would visit Rangoon
and Maulmain. They came laden with articles for sale: fowls, bees'-wax, or honey; rat



134    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
tans, mats, silk, or vegetables; and sometimes
they brought tusks of elephants or rhinoceroses.
You see the Karens cannot be idle people,
if they bring such things to the cities for sale.
They are compelled to be industrious, because the Burmese oblige them to pay such
heavy taxes; and it is principally to procure
money to pay the taxes that they sell these
goods. Their own food is generally rice or
fish, and animals which they catch by hunting and angling. Their rice-fields are their
great care, and these have many enemies.
Wild hogs root up the young plants; peococks devour the ears before they are ripe,
and immense flocks of parrots often attack
the grain which has escaped the hogs and
peacocks.  Indeed, while the rice is growing some one has to watch the field day and
night.
It was in October, when the rice was reaped
and threshed, that the Karens visited the Burmese cities, to sell and buy. They often walked along the roads in parties, singing sad,
wild songs, and the missionaries would catch
the sounds as they passed. I think, if they




THE KARENS AT DONG-YAHN.   135
could have understood what these poor people were singing, they would sooner have
made their acquaintance; but years passed
on, and still the Karens sang their songs, and
went to and fro, and the missionaries knew
not what they  sang.   Would  you  like  to
know?
The Karen was the elder brother,
And obtained all the words of God,
God formerly loved the Karen nation above all others,
But because of their transgression, he cursed them,
And now they have no books.
He will again have mercy on them,
And love them above all others.
God departed with our younger brother,
The white foreigner.
He conducted God away to the west.
God gave them power to cross waters and reach lands,
And to have rulers from among themselves.
Then God went up to heaven.
But he made the.white foreigners
More skilful than all other natio s.
When God had departed,
The Karens became slaves to the Burmans,
Became sons of the forest, and children of poverty;
Were scattered everywhere.
The Burmans made them labor bitterly,
Till many dropped down dead in the jungle,
Or they twisted their arms behind them,
Beat them with stripes,




136   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
And pounded them with the elbow,
Days without end.
In the midst of their suffering;
They remembered the ancient sayings of the elders,
That God would yet save them,
That a Karen king would yet appear.
The Talien kings have had their season,
The Burman kings have had their season;
The Siamese kings have had their season;
And the foreign kings will have their season;
But the Karen king will yet appear.
When he arrives, there will be but one monarch,
Aud there will be neither rich nor poor.
Every thing will be happy,
And even lions and leopards will lose their savageness.
Hence, in their deep affliction they prayed:
If God will save us,
Let him save speedily!
We can endure these sufferings no longer,
Alas, where is God?
Our ancestors said that when our younger brothers came
back.
The white foreigners,
Who were able to keep company with God,
The Karens will be happy.
Our ancestors charged us thus:
Children and grandchildren,
If the king come by land, weep;
If by water, laugh.
It will not come in our days,
But it will in yours.
Hence the Karens longed for those
Who were to come by water.




THE KARENS AT DONG-YAHN.  137
It was such words as these the Karens
sung. And the white foreigners had come
by water. There they were sitting in their
zayats, with the books in their hands which
the Karens were waiting for..They were
translating it for the Karens' conquerors, and
were telling them the good news of the King
of peace, who was to reign over all the earth.
But the good news was on its way to the
Karens also. At Maulmain, one of these despised people came to live with Dr. Judson.
This is how it happened.
Some of the Burmese converts at Rangoon
knew that their teachers had wished for opportunities to instruct the Karens; and one
of them, Koshwaba, paid a debt for a poor
Karen slave, Kothahbyn, and so set him free.
Koshwaba then took him into his house to
live, intending to try and teach him the new
religion.  But Kothahbyn proved a very
troublesome inmate. He was so rude and so
passionate that Koshwaba could not keep
him, and thought it was of very little use to
try and do him good, for all his efforts appeared to be thrown away.
This was at the time that Dr. Judson and
18




138   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Mr. and Mrs. Wade had gone to Maulmain
and were living there together; and they resolved that, rather than give up hope about
this troublesome Karen, they would take him
into their house. But what a change came
over Kothahbyn! He began to pray; he
became sorry for his sins; and with tears he
confessed them, and asked God to forgive
him, for Christ's sake. He gave all his heart
to the Saviour who had died for him; and
from that time, for thirteen years, he went
about among his countrymen, telling them
the glad news that the white foreigners- had
brought. The poor Karens had the gospel
preached to them, and very many of them
had to thank God that they saw and heard
Kothahbyn.
Soon after Kothahbyn came to live with
them, Dr. Judson and Mr. Wade made some
journeys to the Karen villages. They procured a boat, and, accompanied by a few Burmese Christians, they went up the river Salween, and visited some villages in a district
called Dong-yahn, which was about thirty
miles from Maulmain.
No sooner did the villagers catch sight of




THE KARENS AT DONG-YAHN.  139
their strange visitors, than they all ran away
and hid themselves in the jungle. The missionaries, however, went straight up to the deserted huts, and sat down in the shade of the
trees. Of course the Karens were watching
from their hiding-places, and by-and-by one
or two ventured out, and came nearer and
nearer, until they were quite close to the
strangers.
"Why have you come to our village?"
asked the Karens.
"We have come," replied the missionaries, "to tell you about the true God and the
way of salvation."
" Is it so? We feared you had been sent
by the government to make us slaves, and we
were afraid. But if you are teachers of religion, come to tell us of God, we are happy,
and will listen."
Soon a large group of listeners were crowding around the white foreigners. The people
were no longer afraid, when they discovered
the object of their visitors, but were very
pleased and joyful. They examined the missionaries' dress, and wondered at the whiteness of their faces; but most of all they were.




140    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
interested to hear about God. As the missionaries did not know the Karen language,
one of the Burmese, who understood it, interpreted for them.
"Have you brought us God's book?" asked
the Karens.
"'Yes, we have brought you God's book;
but what do you know about God's book?
Have you any books?"
"No, we have no books now; but our fathers say that long ago we had God's book
written on leather, and in it we were told
never to worship idols. The prophet who
had charge of the book was one clay reading
it under a tree. He fell asleep with the book
on his knees, and while he slept a dog came
and tore it up. Then God was angry because his book had not been taken care of.
Now we have no books; but white foreigners
will come and bring us God's book once again.
This our prophets say."
" See, the white foreigners have come!" they
cried. "You have brought God's book."
"Yes, here is God's book!" and the missionaries showed to the eager people an English Bible; "but it is in the language of the




THE KARENS AT DONG-YAHN.  141
foreigners; you cannot understand it. We
have translated part of it into Burmese. Can
you read Burmese?"
"No," they answered, "we cannot; but we
will learn, and you will write it in our language for us."
Dr. Judson said he would ask that a teacher
might be sent from the land of the white foreigners, who would learn their language, and
write books for them.
" And how longwill it be," they asked, "before the teacher can come, and learn the language, and give us God's book, so that we
may read it?"
" Ten years," answered Dr. Judson.
"Ten years! then it will not be in my time,"
sighed one old man.
"You must not wait for a new teacher;
you must begin at once to tell us what God
says in his book."
And they did begin at once. For two weeks
the missionaries remained in the village; they
were entertained in the chief's house, and
spent their time talking with all those who
came to them. As the glad news of the white
foreigners who had come with God's book




142      THEE WHITEFOREIGNERS.
spread from  one to  another, Karens came
down from  the hills around, hurrying  over
streams and mountain passes, from their desert and jungle homes, to see and hear for
themselves.
It appears as though the Karens must somewhere have really known the Bible; they seem
to have derived so many of their traditions
from it, and sometimes even use Bible words.
Do you think that people who had not heard
the account of Adam  and Eve in the garden
of Eden could have composed this song?
Anciently, God commanded;
But Satan appeared, bringing destruction.
Formerly, God commanded;
But Satan appeared, deceiving unto death.
The woman Eu and the man Tha-nai
Pleased not the eye of the dragon.
The dragon looked on themThe dragon beguiled the woman and Tha-nai.
How is this said to have happened?
The great dragon succeeded in deceivingDeceiving unto death.
How do they say it was done?
A yellow fruit the great dragon took,
And gave to the children of God.
A white fruit took the great dragon,
And gave to the daughter and son of God.
They transgressed the commands of God,
And God turned away from them.




THE KARENS AT DONG-YAHN.  143
They kept not all the words of GodWere deceived; deceived unto sickness.
They kept not all the law of GodWere deceived; deceived unto death.
The Karens believe that Satan was once a
holy being, but for some sin he was cast out
of heaven, and then he deceived the son and
daughter of God. Satan came into the garden and said to them:
"Why are you here?"
" Our Father, God, put-us here."
"What do you eat?"
"The fruit of many trees; but of one tree
God said:' Eat not; if you eat, you will
die.'"
Then said Satan: "The heart of your Father God is not with you; this is the sweetest
of all. Let each one eat a single fruit, then
you will know."
The man replied: "Our Father God said:'Eat not;'" and so saying, he went away;
but the woman listened to Satan, who said to
her: " Now go give the fruit to your husband."  So she coaxed her husband, and Satan laughed.
On the following morning they were silent




144    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
before God; and God said: "You have ate
the fruit that is not good; you shall die."
How glad the Karens must have been when
they really found that this story was written
in God's book! and not only this story of the
way in which man sinned, and God said, "Ye
shall die," but also that glorious story of which
they knew nothing-the story of Jesus, who
came to save sinners, and said: "I am come
that ye might have life."
When the missionaries returned to Maulmain, Mr. Wade set to work at once to learn
the Karen language, and to write it. This
was difficult, as they had no books; but it
was not long before he could speak a little;
and as some of the young Karens came to the
mission station to learn Burmese, long before
ten years were over they had books and parts
of the Bible written in their language, and
many of them had lost their wildness and savageness, and were striving to grow like the
meek and gentle Jesus.




A PRIEST'S FUNERAL.         145
CHAPTER XIII.,A fRIEST S fUNERAL~THE JSTORY OF
pUAPUNG.'   TILL some years passed before a mis-!\fl sionary was sent'to live at Dong-yahn.
to  The first who went was a young lady,
Miss Eleanor Macomber. When she arrived,
she found the village almost empty; the people were away attending the burning of a
priest, and almost all returned tipsy.
The burning of a priest is quite a holiday
and festival. Great preparations are made
for the ceremony. The poor dead body is
covered with gold leaf, and drawn in procession through the town, lying in a richlyornamented coffin. When the procession approaches the enclosure in which the burning
is to take place, the men will pretend to go
different ways, and drag and tug and pull.
Quite a large space is generally chosen, for
sometimes as many as twelve thousand peoWhite Foretgnp.lR.  19




146    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
pie gather together to see the sight. They
all come dressed in their best, decked out with
silks and gauzes, lace, golden ornaments, and
earrings.
The women bring offerings of fruits and
flowers, one after the other, until you might
count seventy or eighty baskets full perhaps.
Then a few prayers are said; and when these
are concluded the fun begins.
The gayly-dressed people, with their thousands of paper umbrellas, swarm  over the
ground, and many of them erect tiny -sheds
with bright handkerchiefs or broad leaves
supported on bamboos, to shelter them from
the heat of the sun. It is a gay scene. But
there in the centre is the funeral-pile, and on
it the coffin, stripped now of its richest ornaments.
Presently there comes tearing across the
ground a little carriage. No one guides it;
no one can stop it. You might see by the
cloud of smoke, and hear by the loud hissing
noise it makes, that it is full of gunpowder,
and that this little carriage is really a kind of
rocket. The people run from before it as it
approaches. It is intended to reach the fu



TB::1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: BUBIAI 0^ A   SIEST
mthegroli~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ci.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~- -hims:ii O~e:r ai:l. siops'11 be




148    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
fore it is nearly there; and then the people
shout and dance and sing, and prepare to
send another.
Every village in the district provides one
of these rocket carriages, and each tries to
make its own the smartest and best. All have
some strange device upon them-an animal,
not much like any that really roam the fields
or forests, or an archer perhaps, or a crab.
Many of these unguided rockets, of course,
miss their destination, and sometimes they
accidentally turn quite round, and run among
the people, doing a great deal of mischief.
If at length one succeeds, and the funeralpile is really set on fire, there is great rejoicing, and the people of the village to which
the fortunate rocket belongs expect to have
good fortune all the year. It oftener happens,
however, that all the rocket carriages fail, and
the priests themselves set fire to the pile. The
day ends with drinking and revelling, and
many sad sounds and sights of wickedness
and quarrelling.
How different such a scene from that which
we witness in our quiet churchyards and cemeteries, when Christians who have fallen asleep




THE STORY OF GUAPUNG.    149
in Jesus are laid by their friends in their graves
till the morning when Jesus, who is the Resurrection and the Life, shall call them forth.
What gentle words of hope and comfort are
uttered there-words that quiet and soothe,
and help to make us patient and good, so
that those who hear them go home to pray
that they may be ready to meet again the
friend that God has taken from them.
The people of Dong-yahn came home after
the burning of this priest in a very different
frame of mind; but the teacher who was to
teach them to love better things had arrived. I
think she was a very brave woman to stop there
alone among such wild, bad people; but nothing makes us so truly brave as love to Jesus.
Miss Macomber did not give up hope, but
remained, and lived in the house of the chief.
I must tell you the story of one poor woman
who lived in the Dong-yahn district.
This woman's name was Guapung. She
was the wife of a chief; but because she was
a woman, she had always been treated as a
slave, and had been compelled to carry burdens and to walk behind her husband and
brother. Her husband, too, was often angry




150    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
with her, and beat her if she did not do just
as he wished.
One time, when Dr. Judson had gone up
the Salween to visit the Karen villages, Guapung had watched his boat as it approached,
and had ventured to the river bank to see
the strangers land. Dr. Judson noticed her,
and holding out his hand kindly, asked her
how she was. The poor woman was astonished; she was not accustomed to be treated
so well.  She said to her brother afterwards:
"I have seen one of the sons of God."
" Did he speak?"
"Yes, and he gave me his hand."
Guapung's brother thought she had not
behaved rightly in shaking hands with a foreigner, and he repeated what she had said to
her husband. Her husband was so angry
when he heard it that he beat her severely.
Guapung considered in her heart how differently the white man and her husband had
behaved, and she said to herself: "Ever since
I was a child I have served Gaudama, but he
has never kept my husband from beating me;
this white man spoke kindly to me; his God
must be the true God. I will worship him."




THE STORY OF GUAPUNG.   151
So she made a prayer to the foreigner's God,
whom she did not know, and this was the
prayer she made:
"Great King! Mighty Judge, Father God,
Lord God, Uncle or Honorable God, the
Righteous One! In the heavens, in the earth,
in the mountains, in the seas, in the north, in
the south, in the east, in the west, pity me, I
pray! Show me thy glory, that I may know
thee, who thou art."
For five years Guapung prayed that prayer
constantly, and then another white teacher
came to the village. I cannot tell you who
he was, but Guapung went and sat at his feet
to listen to his words, as Mary sat at the feet
of Jesus. This teacher stayed for nine days,
and then left. At last Eleanor Macomber
came, and Guapung by degrees learned who
the God and the Righteous One was to whom
she had so long prayed. She came to love
the God whom we worship with all her heart,
for she learned how wonderfully he had loved
her. She was a great help to Miss Macomber during the time she resided at Dong-yahn,
and also to the missionaries who succeeded
her-Mr. and Mrs. Bullard.




152    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Guapung tried very much to teach the people at Dong-yahn to love one another; she did
all she could to show the women how they
might persuade their husbands to be kinder,
and that it was possible to make their children obedient without beating them.
I do not think you would like to have been
the child of one of these Karen women. Mrs.
Bullard says she once saw a mother beat her
little naked girl till she was quite covered
with cuts and wales; and another grew so
tired of nursing her sick baby that she flung
it down on the floor. The poor baby died the
next day. You were never treated in such
a manner by your mother, I know; she takes
you kindly and lovingly into her arms, as
Jesus would have done had you lived wher
he was on earth.
The missionaries and Guapung went among
the women constantly, and tried to teach them
better. "If you want your husbands and children to love you," they said, "you must be
kind to them, as Jesus has been kind to us;
you must not get cross and scold, but be gentle and patient, and make their homes comfortable for them."




THE STORY OF GUAPUNG.   153
Many of the women really did try; and one
succeeded so well that her husband was made
quite glad and happy. Another man, who
had not a good wife, when he saw this change,
came over from his village to visit " Guapung,
the big teacheress who had the charm."  He
told her he had heard that Christ's religion
did not allow wives to scold their husbands;
and the men in his village all wished their
wives to become Christians, for they did not
like to be scolded.  I dare say Guapung
told him that the religion of Christ did not
allow men to ill-treat their wives, and that,
if they wanted happy homes, the men as well
as the women would do well to become Christians.
No doubt there are still many bad people
in the Dong-yahn villages, for the good and
bad are living together everywhere now; but
there is a great change for the better since
Miss Macomber went and found all the people
away at the burning of the priest. The " white
book," as the Karens call the Bible, has made
all the difference there: now there are schools
in which the children learn to read it; classes
in which the men and women study it; chap20




154   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
els in which from Sunday to Sunday they hear
it explained; and not only in the schools and
chapels are they worshipping God, but in
heaven many grown people and little children
from these Karen villages are singing with the
angels around his throne.




tREMOVAL TO TAVOY.         155
CHAPTER XIV.
JR. AND MARS. jOARDMAN GO TO
TAVOY~THE JfEBELLION.
"^HEN  the missionaries found. how
1-;~  eager the Karens were to have God's
l word, they thought it would be right
and pleasant to go to other parts of
the country and spread the good news among
them.
Mr. and Mrs. Boardman left Maulmain and
went to Tavoy, a place which you will find
marked near the seacoast lower down on the
map.
Tavoy is a large, straggling town, inhabited
by Burmese, but governed by the English,
for it was taken by them at the same time
that they took possession of Maulmain. Near
Tavoy there is a remarkable loadstone rock,
and at the mouth of the river on which the
town is built there are some red rocks, called
"the cows."  This is the foolish story the
Burmese tell about them:




156    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Once upon a time a drove of cows was
swimming across the river, intending to destroy a pagoda which stood on the opposite
side.  The idol, however, was fortunately
looking out from  the pagoda towards the
river, and when he saw the cows coming, he
exclaimed: "These are not cows, but rocks."
Immediately the whole drove. stopped, and
there they have stopped ever since, for they
turned into stones in the middle of the
river.
Tavoy is thirty-four miles from the mouth
of the river.  The scenery around is very
pretty, and many of the houses are quite concealed by beautiful flowering shrubs, or fine
tropical trees, such as palms, plantains, jacks,
and cassias.
One little temple at Tavoy is very curious;
it is called the Peepul Fane, for the branches
of an old peepul-tree have taken root close
about the idol, and have made quite a bower
around it. The peepul is a very pretty tree,
and rather scarce. The Buddhists consider
it very sacred, because the story is that Gaudama once went to sleep under a peepul, and
dreamed that he was so big he needed the




REMOVAL TO TAVOY.          157
whole earth for a bed, and the Himalaya
mountains for a pillow.
At the time that Mr. and Mrs. Boardman
went to Tavoy, there were in the city more
than a thousand pagodas and two hundred
heathen priests. No wonder the missionaries
wished to go among the people and tell them
of the one true priest Jesus Christ.
Kothahbyn, the Karen convert of whom
you have heard, went to Tavoy with Mr. and
Mrs. Boardman. He used to go out into the
mountain and jungle villages, and tell his
countrymen that the white foreigners had at
last come with God's book. The Karens here
were quite as delighted as those at Dongyahn; they flocked to Tavoy to see the white
teacher, and to listen to what God's book said.
Mr. -Boardman also went out into the Karen villages. At one village he found there
was a book kept very carefully and reverently
by the chief of the tribe. The people could
not read a word of it, but they believed that
some day a teacher would come to explain
the book to them; and now they asked Mr.
Boardman to look at it, and tell them what it
meant. It was brought to him in a basket,




158   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
where it lay very carefully wrapped up in
muslin. With great reverence the parcel was
unrolled, until there was exposed to view an
old, worn-out English book. What book do
you think it was?  A copy of the Book of
Common Prayer. It had certainly been in
England once, for it had been printed at Oxford; but little the printers, or binders, or the
bookseller, or even the purchaser had thought
that, by-and-by, the book would be so much
regarded by a tribe of heathen people.
"It is a good book," said Mr. Boardman;
"it teaches that there is a God in heaven.
But you make a mistake in worshipping the
book; you must worship the God of whom
the book speaks;" and he read them some
verses from the psalms about God.  How
delighted the poor people must have been to
find a meaning to their treasure!
The old man who had kept this precious
book afterwards became a Christian, and so
also did many people of his tribe.
Mr. Boardman built a bamboo house outside one of the city gates, and here he and
his wife resided.  Some Burmese boys came
to live with them, so that they had quite a




IREMOVAL TO TAVOY.          159
boarding-school; and besides, Mrs. Boardman taught some girls in a day-school at a
little distance. A great many descriptions of
the schools were of course seht to her friends
in America; and she appears to have been
very industrious, and to have begun her work
very early in the morning. In one of her letters she says: "I am just returned from one
of the day-schools. The sun had not risen
when I arrived, but the little girls were in the
house ready for instruction. My walk to this
school is through a retired road, shaded on
one side by the old wall of the city, which is
overgrown by wild creepers and pole flowers,
and on the other by large fruit trees."
While Mrs. Boardman attended to the girls'
schools, Mr. Boardman was busy with the
boys, and with the native Christians and inquirers who frequented the mission house.
Mrs. Boardman in her letters home told of
her husband's work also. "In the room before me sits my dear husband," she writes,
"surrounded by nine little heathen boys, to
whom he is imparting a knowledge of that
gospel which can save from eternal ruin. On
each side of the house is a long verandah. In




160    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
one of these the native Christians are holding
a prayer-meeting in Burmese, and in the other
sits the Chinese convert Kee-Zea-Chung, loudly urging three or four of his deluded countrymen to turn from the worship of idols to that
of the true God."
Besides the schools to keep Mr. and Mrs.
Boardman busy, there was little Sarah, the
baby, who slept so quietly when the house at
Maulmain was robbed; she must have wanted
a good share of time and attention bestowed
upon her; and soon another baby came, a little son, whom they named George. Little
Sarah, however, shortly died, and was laid to
rest in a beautiful grove of trees not far from
the house. Her papa and mamma were full
of grief at her loss, and missed her merry
face and winning ways sadly; but afterwards
they knew that God had taken her away from
the evil to come.
One night, when all in the mission house
were peacefully sleeping, there was a noise
outside of men walking and talking. One of
the Burmese boys was awakened by the sound.
He got up and peeped out through the crevices left in the slight bamboo wall of his sleep



THE REBELLION.            161
ing room. He saw a party of men passing
by, in the direction of the city. They were
talking of buffaloes which had strayed away.
Other men followed; all were talking about
buffaloes, and all were going towards the city.
As far as the boy could see there were dusky
forms of men among the trees. He grew
quite fiightened. What were the men about?
It could not really be buffaloes which they
wanted. No; it was a rebellion against the
English government, and the men wanted, not
buffaloes, but the powder stores in the city,
and the lives of the English there.
Suddenly there was a fierce yell, and then
guns were fired. Mr. and Mrs. Boardman
awoke in great fright; but they could do nothing. A party of two hundred rebels armed
with clubs, knives, spears, and guns, had
attacked the powder magazine. The governor,
Mr. Burney, was absent from the town; and,
as no one expected the insurrection, there
were only six sepoys on duty at the stores.
The powder stores were very near the gate
outside which the mission house was built;
and not only were the firing and shouting
plainly heard, but the shots flew so close that
White Forelgners.  21




162    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Mrs. Boardman took her baby and crouched
down in a wooden shed behind the house for
safety.
By-and-by, to the great relief of the missionaries, the firing ceased-the powder stores
were safe still, and in spite of their superior
numbers, the rebels had been driven back.
It was day now, and as soon as the roads
were safe Mr. and Mrs. Boardman left their
house and made their way into the town.
They were received very kindly by the governor's wife; but she was in such great difficulty herself that she could do but little to
help others. It was evident that the rebels
would soon return to the attack in greater
force than before, and how could the few foreigners and sepoys defend themselves against
their enemies?
On the wharf was a wooden house built on
piles overhanging the river, and an enclosure
in which they might take refuge. The sepoys
hastened to convey there a quantity of gunpowder and three cannon-the rest of the
gunpowder was thrown down wells in the
town, that it might not fall into the enemies'
hands.




i'mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm                                                                                                                                                             -h@?z!~i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    vf  taaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa 0{#-#




164    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Amid sad scenes of fighting and bloodshed,
along streets in which wounded men lay dying
and groaning, the little party of Europeans
and soldiers made their way from the government house to the house on the wharf. Mrs.
Burney and Mrs. Boardman, the only ladies
among them, each carried an infant; and a
strange mixed group it must have been that
went with them. The few Europeans, not a
dozen altogether, with their dark servants,
and their defenders the sepoys, accompanied
by their wives and children.  There were in
all three or four hundred persons, besides
their arms, baggage, and provisions, hudclled
together under one roof. But how long would
they be there? How could they obtain help?
There was no boat they could send down the
river safely, to carry tidings of their distress;
and even if tidings were sent, would it be
possible for help to reach them in time, before
the rebels had overcome and murdered them?
In the afternoon the rebels made a new
attack. Now they had mounted cannon. A
ball came whizzing through the air in the
direction of the wharf enclosure. But it fell
wide of the mark, and time after time as they




THE REBELLION.            165
tried to take aim they failed-no ball touched
the house. The sun was sinking rapidly; in
the darkness of night the firing must cease.
But what of to-morrow? To-morrow had not
dawned yet; but even the night did not bring
peace.
In the quiet darkness a little boat came
gliding stealthily along the water, and glided
silently under the overhanging walls of the
crowded house. Why was the boat there?
As it lay quietly in the darkness, a little spark
of light might have been seen-a little sparkle which meant death to all those men, women, and children.
Happily a sepoy lying on the floor saw the
light beneath him through a crevice, and in a
moment he understood what it meant. He
raised himself on his elbow, seized his gun,
aimed through the crevice, and fired. There
was a shriek in the house from the startled
sleepers, a heavy splash in the water below;
the little spark was gone, and presently an
empty boat floated away on the river. The
sepoy who had fired that shot had saved them
all from being burnt to death; and the man
who had carried the match, and had intended




166   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
to set fire to the building, was lying dead in
the water.
In the morning the firing from the cannon
recommenced. Happily, the rebels could not
aim well, and happily too their gunpowder
was very bad.  That which they had tried to
obtain was lying out of reach in the wells, or
was in the enclosure with the English, being
used to shoot them. It was in vain their trying-they could not strike the house. Not
only that day, but all the next, and the next,
they tried, and still they could not succeed.
In the meantime the besieged party watched
in fear and trembling each new attempt, and
prayed fervently for the help which only God
could send them.
The fifth evening came from the time the
revolt had commenced. The night was lit by
the blaze of burning houses. The rebels had
set the town on fire; and now, with a terrible
war-cry, they rushed from the open spaces
between the burning houses, five hundred
strong, upon the wharf enclosure. The sepoys
met them as they came with a sharp fire, which
killed and wounded many of them; and just
then there fell so heavy a shower of rain, that




THE REBELLION.             167
the flames which had lighted them were extinguished, and they were forced to flee in the
darkness, carrying with them as they could
their wounded companions. Was not that
shower-help sent from God?
The next day the firing began again, and
things looked worse and worse. The provisions were nearly consumed, the soldiers were
worn out and dispirited by the heat and want
of rest, and many of the foreigners were quite
ill., The sun rose again over the ruined town
and this little besieged party. But with the
sun came relief.
Far down the river, quite out on the horizon, there was an appearance of smoke. Mrs.
Burney was called to see it. She looked at
it, and looked again. It was getting a little
plainer, even while she gazed. Surely it was
a steamer coming up the river, and if so, no
doubt her husband the governor was on
board.
Can you imagine the joy of all those poor
people as they watched the steamer through
the windings of the river  the deliverance
which God had sent them just at the time it
was most needed-for all those days they had




168    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
not been able to send word to any one of
their danger?
Colonel Burney was very much surprised
when he saw the enclosure crowded with soldiers and foreigners, the mounted cannon,
and the ruins of the town. He had had no
idea, as he came up the river, of the terrible
state in which he was to find his home. But
now that he was comle, there was a leader for
the soldiers, and ill and dispirited as they
were, they felt that they could fight again.
Mrs. Burney and her baby, and Mrs. Boardman with her little Georgie, were sent on
board the steamer at once; and there, in spite
of the shots which the rebels fired after them,
they felt safe, and rested comfortably in the
cabin as the vessel puffed away with them
down the river on its way to Maulmain.
The next day the steamer was again started
to Tavoy, this time laden with European soldiers; but when they arrived at the wharf,
the rebellion was already suppressed, and
those who had been foremost in the revolt
were safely lodged in prison.




BOARDMAN'S WORK FINISHED. 169
CHAPTER XV.
-R. P3OARDMAN'S WORK  fINISHEDPR. JAASON  TAKES HIS fLACE AT
TAVOY.
HEN Mr. Boardman rejoined his wife,
9i'~r  she was startled to see how very thin
and ill he looked. This terrible time
of the rebellion had worn him very
much, but even before that he had not been
well; he had worked so very hard at Tavoy
in preaching Christ's gospel, that he had often
walked twenty miles in one day, preaching
and teaching as he went; and then at night
had lain down in some open zayat, where he
had gone to sleep without a bed, just lying
on a straw mat, and without any supper except perhaps a little rice. He did this that
he might tell as many Karens as possible of
God's book, and teach them the way of life.
He valued Karen souls more than his own
22




170   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
body; and in doing this he had acted as Jesus
did, who laid down his life for us.
For a few months Mr. and Mrs. Boardman
remained at Maulmain; but although he was
feeling very ill, Mr. Boardman wished to return to his work at Tavoy. The Karens welcomed him back with much joy, though they
were grieved to find how weak their kind
teacher was.
A fortnight after his return, a large party
of Karens from the jungle came to visit him,
and stayed for several days. Sometimes Mr.
Boardman could sit up in a chair and speak
to them for a few minutes; but oftener he
was obliged to lie still on his bed and whisper
to his wife what he wished her to say to them.
Many of this party of Karens were Christians, and asked to be baptized. They carried Mr. Boardman out on his bed to a beautiful pond; here all knelt down on the grass
and prayed for God's blessing, and then
Moung Ing baptized nineteen.
It must have been a great comfort to Mr.
Boardman that Moung Ing should be with
him just now. He had been sent to Mergui
by the missionaries at Maulmain, and hap



BOARDMAN'S WORK FINISHED. 171
pened to arrive at Tavoy in time to assist the
missionary in this season of weakness. I say
"happened," but I believe it is the good God
who arranges these things; and no doubt Mr.
Boardman believed it also, and thanked his
Father in heaven for sending to him Moung
Ing.
A new missionary, Mr. Mason, was also on
his way to Tavoy. Mr. Boardman went on
to the jetty to meet him; but as he was quite
unable to walk, he was carried down by some
of the native Christians in a chair. He was
getting constantly weaker and weaker, and
very soon he knew he should die. But though
he was now so very ill, he did not on that
account stop working for Christ.
He had promised, should his life be spared
long enough, to make a journey into the jungle and visit a number of Karen villages, in
order to baptize some of the people who had
become Christians.  Eight days after Mr.
Mason reached Tavoy, MEr. Boardman started
on this journey; Mr. Mason, Mrs. Boardman,
and little Georgie went also, and the dying
missionary was carried in his bed by a party
of Karen Christians.




172    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
In order to save him the fatigue of visiting
all the villages in which the Christians were
living, the Karens had fixed upon one spot at
which all who wished to be baptized, or to
see their beloved friend again, might assemble. It was a lovely valley, through which
flowed a stream  of water, and all around
arose beautiful mountains. Here the Karens
had erected a bamboo zayat and two little
rooms, one for IMr. Mason, and the other for
Mr. and Mrs. Boardman and Georgie.
The Karens, although they had learned
much, had very little idea of what we should
call comfort.  They had made Mr. Boardman's room so low, that it was not possible
to stand upright in it; and as it was not larger
than the compartment of a railway carriage,
it must have been a difficult room in which
to nurse any one so ill as Mr. Boardman. To
him, however, the room was of very small
concern; he was full of thoughts for those he
was about to leave, and of the home to which
he was going.
A hundred people had assembled from the
villages around, half of whom wished to be
baptized.  They camped out on the open




BOARDMAN'S WORK FINISHED. 173
ground, under the beautiful forest trees, round
about the zayat they had built. The missionaries examined those who said they were
Christians, in order to see that they really
understood and believed what they professed,
and then they baptized thirty-four. It made
Mr. Boardman very happy to think that so
many of the Karens had learned to love the
Saviour, and wished to devote themselves to
his service.
In the evening of the day on which they
had been baptized, all the Christians gathered around Mr. Boardman, who had been
carried into the zayat, and he spoke to them
for the last time. He said: "I did hope to
stay with you till after the Lord's day, but
God is calling me away. When I am gone,
remember what I have taught you; that when
you die, we may meet one another in the
presence of God, never more to part. The
teacheress will be very much distressed.
Strive to lighten her burdens, and comfort
her by your good conduct.  Listen to the
word of the new teacher and teacheress as
you have done to mine.  Do not neglect
prayer. The eternal God to whom you pray




174    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
is unchangeable.  Earthly teachers sicken
and die, but God remains for ever the same.
Love Jesus Christ with all your hearts, and
you will be for ever safe." He then offered a
short prayer for them, and with Mr. Mason's
help distributed to them tracts and portions
of Scripture.
The next morning Mr. and Mrs. Boardman
started on their way home. Mr. Boardman
was, as before, carried in his bed, and many
of the Karens followed.  It was a sad procession, as it wound along among the forest
trees and over the rough mountain-paths.
The only happy one in the party was the one
for whom all the rest were grieving-the
teacher who was carried so sick upon his
bed.
At four o'clock in the afternoon a violent
storm of thunder and lightning and rain came
on, much more violent than we are accustomed to see in America. There was no shelter anywhere, and no house in sight. They
covered Mr. Boardman with mats and blankets, and held umbrellas over him, but the
rain beat so heavily, that, in spite of all, his
mattress and pillows were quite wet. This




BOARDMAN'S WORK FINISHED. 175
discomfort did not trouble Mr. Boardman,
but it must have made his poor wife and the
affectionate Karens very unhappy on his account. He was so near home that he did not
feel it much. If you go to a boarding-school
you will understand this. Just when the holidays are about to begin, if any thing happens
to vex you, you say: "Never mind; to-morrow I shall be at home."  So it was with this
dying missionary; to-morrow he was going
home to his Father in heaven, and the thought
of the joy that was so soon to be his prevented
any present discomfort from vexing him.
Before long they approached a Burmese
house; but though, with tears in her eyes,
Mrs. Boardman begged shelter for her husband, the inhabitants refused to let them
come inside, and only after a great deal of
persuasion gave them permission to spend
the night in the verandah.  The Burmese
were so inhospitable because they knew Mr.
Boardman was a teacher of a foreign religion, and that the Karens accompanying him
had become Christians.
It still went on raining, and Mr. Boardman
was obliged to lie on the bamboo floor, his




176    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
mattress was so wet. There were such large
holes in the floor, too, that Mrs. Boardman
had to look carefully for a place where little
Georgie might sleep without falling through.
Little Georgie slept, dreaming nothing of his
mother's grief.  Before the darkness closed
in, Mr. Mason had read the psalm in which
are the words: "The angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that fear him, and
delivereth them. Oh taste and see that the
Lord is good: blessed is the man that trusteth in him. The righteous cry, and the Lord
heareth, and delivereth them out of all their
troubles." Can you not believe that angels
were indeed round about that verandah, comforting that sad wife and mother? In the
silent night she and her husband talked together of God's goodness; of the goodness
that had not only blessed them while they
were together, but that would continue to
bless her and her little boy when they were
left. "Leave the fatherless children, I will
preserve them alive; and let thy widows trust
in me."  Mr. Boardman remembered that
God had said this, and he knew he might
trust God, and that though they were left in




BOARDMAN'S WORK FINISHED. 177
a far-off foreign land, his dear wife and child
were safe.
In the morning Mrs. Boardman asked the
Burmese for a fowl, in order to make a little
broth for her husband; but though she could
see three or four pecking about under the
house, they told her they had none, and
would give her nothing.
That day the journey was continued by the
river. Mr. Boardman was once more carried
to the boat by the Iarens; but here the angels came and took him home, and when the
boat stopped, three miles from the mission
house, it was not the dearly-loved teacher
that the weeping men lifted on shore and
conveyed so carefully and tenderly and slowly
towards the town. Moung Ing saw them approach, and went to meet them. He burst
into tears as he came near; and when they
reached the house, there was great weeping
among the native Christians, both Iarens and
Burmese, who had assembled there.
The next day Mr. Boardman's remains were
buried in the grove of trees where his little
Sarah's body lay, and all the Europeans, and
many of the natives in Tavoy, attended the
White Fo:'eigilers.  23




178    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
furneral to show their respect and grief. Mr.
Boardman had only been three years at Tavoy altogether, but many had in that time
left their idol-gods and false religion, and had
become Christians; so earnestly had he worked, and so much had God blessed his labors.
Mrs. Boardman was very sad, and though
she had her little Georgie, she was very lonely.
Still she resolved to remain at Tavoy with Mr.
and Mrs. Mason, and continue teaching in the
schools she had opened. She stayed at Tavoy -for several years, working constantly;
and God comforted her in her loneliness, and
Georgie grew into a bright little boy, and was
a comfort to her also.
Often during these years Mrs. Boardman
went out into the Karen jungles to instruct
the villagers, as her husband had done when
he was on earth. Some of the kind Christian
Karens would accompany her, as it would
have been impossible for her to have gone
alone. Indeed, it was very brave of her to
go at all, for travelling in Burmah is very
different from travelling in England. There
were rivers to cross, but no bridges over
them; there were forests to traverse, but




BOARDMAN'S WORK FINISHED. 179
hardly a path through them; tigers and elephants roamed in the forests, and crocodiles
basked in the river mud. For men with guns,
who enjoy hunting and exploring, such travelling may be pleasant; but I think very few
ladies would attempt it with no other escort
than a party of half-savage men.
When Mrs. Boardman took these journeys,
Georgie used to accompany her, mounted on
the shoulders of one of the men; and many
strange animals and plants that we only read
of in books, and many sights and sounds that
we can only imagine, the little fellow must
have learned to know in that wild country.




180    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER  XVI.
PR.. JUDSON AT RANGOON AGAIN- E
BRINGS PJARS. JOARDMAN TO JAAULMAIN.
X    URING the years that Mr. Boardman
i    had been at Tavoy, Dr. Judson had
Ad~   found plenty to do at Maulnmain. He
did not, on account of his sorrow, neglect the
work God had given him to do. For some
time he had made his home in the same house
with Mr. and Mrs. Wade; but the Wades left
on a visit to their friends in America, for the
recovery of their health, which had suffered
from the climate; and though by-and-by they
returned to Maulmain, Dr. Judson was obliged for the present to make a home elsewhere.
Writing in a letter to his mother in America, he says: "After the Wades left I boarded
with the Bennetts. After the Bennetts left for
Rangoon I boarded with the Cutters. After




AGAIN AT RANGOON.           181
the Cutters left for Ava I boarded with the
Hancocks, where I now am. I have no family or living creature about me that I can call
my own, except one dog, Fidelia, which belonged to Maria, and which I valued more on
that account. Since the death of her little
mistress she has ever been with me, but she
is now growing old and will die before long;
and I am sure I shall shed more than one tear
when poor Fidee goes."
From this letter you see that not only had
more missionaries come out to Maulmain, but
also that they did not forget Ava and Rangoon. It was almost in vain, however, for
missionaries to go to these cities; they were
soon compelled to leave again by the persecutions of the king and governors. Dr. Judson himself went back to Rangoon two or
three times, but he was not able to remain.
Once he visited Rangoon when there was a
great festival held in honor of Gaudama at
the Shway Dagon pagoda, the pagoda in
which, you will remember, a few of the god's
hairs were said to be preserved. This festival
was held every year, and the people flocked
into Rangoon from all parts of the country,




182    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
and from as far off even as China, in order to
be present.
Very many of the people had heard of the
teachers of the new religion; and when it was
known that Dr. Judson was in the town, numbers came to the house in which he was staying to beg for a book.
" Are you Jesus Christ's man?" they would
say. " Give us a writing that tells about Jesus Christ." Or: "Sir, we have seen a writing that tells about an eternal God. Are you
the man that gives away such writings? If
so, pray give us one, for we want to know the
truth before we die."
Some of the tracts had pictures on them,
and if a man was fortunate enough to receive
one of these, he could hardly keep from
screaming and jumping for joy. Pretty pictures were not common there as they are in
our happy country.
No tracts were given away unless they were
asked for. Dr. Judson did not offer them to
any one; but you will, I am sure, be surprised
at the numbers that were wanted. "On Tuesday," says Dr. Judson, "we gave away three
hundred; on Wednesday, eight hundred; on




AGAIN AT RANGOON.         183
Thursday, nine hundred; on Friday, seven
hundred; on Saturday, eleven hundred; on
Sunday, eight hundred; on Monday, five hundred."  The next day the boats which had
crowded the river began to disperse; the people were returning home; but Moung Sanlone,
one of the native Christians who was with Dr.
Judson, begged to have two thousand given
to him, with which to go up the river and
supply the boats as they left. He could not
haye them, simply because there were not
enough left. Although the crowds were dispersing, as many tracts seemed wanted as
ever; and Dr. Judson would look at his diminishing stores, and take out two hundred,
and try in vain to make them last through the
day.  He sent constantly to Maulmain for
more, and the gentlemen there worked day
and night at the press, and yet could not
print them fast enough. There were in all
ten thousand tracts given away at that festival. This was just at the time that Mr.
Boardman died at Tavoy.
Dr. Judson during these years did not neglect the Karens. There were much greater
numbers of these people around Maulmain




184    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
and Rangoon than at Tavoy. Many of them
now were being instructed in the mission
schools, and Mr. Wade at Maulmain and Mr.
Mason at Tavoy were busy learning their language and translating the Bible for them.
Journeys were constantly taken with the view
of visiting their villages, and Kothahbyn was
spending his life in proclaiming the good news
among them.
But the great work upon which Dr. Judson
was engaged all these years was the translation of the Bible into Burmese. You remember the precious pillow which contained the
parts already translated, and which had been
so wonderfully preserved during his time of
imprisonment. It was not until eight years
after that the translation of the Bible was
finished. But in the year 1834, Dr. Judson
had the great happiness of seeing the whole
Bible complete in Burmese; and he thanked
God for having allowed him to translate his
holy word into a language in which so many
millions of heathens might read it.
The same year that the translation of the
Bible was finished, Dr. Judson paid a visit to
Tavoy.  Here he asked Mrs. Boardman to




AGAIN AT RANGOON.          185
become his wife. She consented, and they
were married. She bade farewell to the home
in Tavoy, where she had lived so long, to the
Karens, and her school-children there, and
with Georgie and her new husband embarked
for Maulmain.
Moung Ing died at Mergui the year that
Dr. Judson and Mrs. Boardman were married. He had been a great help to the missionaries for many years; he had been with
Dr. and Mrs. Judson in Ava, and with Mr.and Mrs. Boardman at Tavoy, and at Mergui
he was preaching the gospel when he became
ill and died.
The next year the old Bengalee cook, Koochil, became a Christian. While Dr. Judson
grieved at the loss of Moung Ing, he must
have rejoiced indeed to see this change in
Koochil. Ever since the time of the imprisonment at Ava, he had been employed by
some one of the mission families. Now he
was an old man, over sixty years of age, with
sunken cheeks and a gray beard; but he did
not forget his mistress, and would often speak
of her with tears in his eyes, for he had not
only been with her at Ava, but at Amherst he
2I




186    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
had watched her through her last illness till
she died. Now he had the pleasure of seeing
another Mrs. Judson; and I hope old Koochil
loved her too, as she deserved to be loved.
His marriage with Mrs. Boardman made
Dr. Judson very happy; and it was not long
before there were again little children in his
home, brothers and sisters to Georgie Boardman. Georgie Boardman, however, did not
see the children as God sent them to his
mother and new father, one after the other;
he had been sent away to school in America.
This separation from his mother had been a
great grief to both her and him; but it was
necessary, for boys who wish to become useful men need to learn many things, and it is
not good for them to remain in heathen lands.




MR. KINCAID AT RANGOON.   187
CHAPTER XVII.
AR. J INCAID AT RANGOON AND AVASTORY OF PERSECUTIONS AND OF A
pHRISTIAN fOVERNOR OF PASSEIN.
E will for a time leave Dr. Judson
with his loving wife and little children
in their home at Maulmain, and follow
sone of the other missionaries who
had been sent out to Burmah.
You recollect that Mr. Mason arrived at
Tavoy shortly before Mr. Boardman was
taken to heaven.  He continued the work
that had been commenced among the Karens
there, and began, as I have told you, the
translation of the Bible into their language.
But just now, instead of going back to Tavoy,
let us return to Ava and Rangoon.
Mr. Kincaid came out to Burmah the very
year that Dr. Judson gave away so many tracts
at the Rangoon festival.  Dr. Judson had
been obliged to leave Rangoon to attend to




188    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
the churches in Maulmain; but the next year
Mr. Kincaid was present at the festival, and
great numbers of the people came to him, as
they had done the year before to Dr. Judson.
They had read the tracts, and Kothahbyn
had been preaching in the country up the
Irrawadi.
"Oh," the people said, "it is wonderful the
great light that is visiting the world!"
It was like what Isaiah says: "The people
that sat in darkness have seen a great light."
Do you, dear children, who live always with
this light around you, see it? It is quite possible to live in the light, and yet not see it;
we cannot see unless our eyes are open.
Pray, as David did: "Open thou mine eyes,
that I may behold wondrous things out of
thy law."
"How long do you intend remaining here?"
a Burmese officer said to Mr. Kincaid one
day.
"'Until all Burmah worships the eternal
God," he answered. Was not that a noble
answer? He was determined that no trial,
no persecution-nothing should drive him
away from  the work God had given him.




MR. KINCAID AT RANGOON.   189
When he said this, I do not know that he himself expected to live till all Burmah worshipped God; perhaps he hoped it; we are taught
in the Bible to hope and look for the time
when, not only in Burmah, but over all the
earth, God alone will be worshipped.
As more missionaries came to Rangoon,
Mr. Kincaid resolved to go to Ava, for he
continually heard from travellers how many
were reading the tracts and inquiring about
the new religion there. He packed up a large
number of tracts and portions of the Bible,
procured a boat, and then, accompanied by
his wife, her sister, and three native Christians, started up the river towards the capital.
One of the first difficulties he experienced
at Ava was, the difficulty of getting a house.
The government officers did all they could to
prevent him from having one. Mrs. Kincaid
and her sister were British subjects, not Americans, and as soon as the officers heard this,
they found them a house at once, for they
were afraid of offending the English.
Mr. Kincaid found that the accounts carried to Rangoon of the numbers of inquirers




190    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
at Ava were quite correct. So many flocked
to the verandah of the mission house that Mr.
Kincaid was often troubled; he could not talk
to and teach all that came for instruction.
The government officers were very polite to
him, and he was invited to visit the prince
Mekhara, who could speak English.  The
king too appeared interested in the books;
not, however, on account of the religion they
taught, but on account of the manner in which
they were printed. Printing was new to him,
and one of the printers and a printing-press
were sent up to Ava, to show him how it was
done.
No one hindered Mr. Kincaid at Ava; but
at Rangoon sad persecutions had arisen.
One of the native Christians who had travelled to Ava with Mr. Kincaid had returned
to Rangoon, and not long after he was seized,
thrown into prison, beaten, loaded with chains,
and compelled to hard labor. You have heard
of this Christian before; it was Moung Sanlone, who had assisted Dr. Judson at the time
of the Rangoon festival. He had ventured
again to give away tracts in the town, and he
was punished in this way because he was a




MR. KINCAID AT RANGOON.   191
Christian, and had dared to distribute Christian books.
Moung Sanlone was even threatened with
death if he did not consent to worship Gaudama instead of God; but he refused to yield,
for he knew it was far better to die loving and
serving God than to live serving Gaudama.
He was not, however, put to death, and was
even released from prison; but all his possessions were taken from him, and he was forbidden, on pain of death, to preach or distribute
tracts again. Wicked men tried to prevent
Moung Sanlone from serving Christ. Perhaps they thought they had succeeded, for he
died soon after. But he was really only gone
to serve Christ better than he had ever served
him on earth. God had taken him from Burmah to that city in which we are told "his
servants shall serve him."
The persecutions were not confined to Rangoon, but spread into all the districts round
about, and especially into the Karen villages.
Kothahbyn had for years diligently preached
the gospel in these parts, and many of the
inhabitants had become Christians.  Now,
however, they were compelled to pay very




192    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
heavy taxes, and were sadly oppressed and
ill-treated by the Burmese if they refused to
worship Gaudama.
The consequence was, that many of the
Christians moved away to find more peaceful
homes elsewhere; and they carried with them
the blessed knowledge they had received, and
took it to other parts of the country, so that
the light of the gospel spread more and more.
This is not at all a new consequence of persecution. It has happened over and over and
over again in the history of the church. Even
as far back as the time the apostles lived we
have an account of the same thing. We read
that "At that time there was a great persecution against the church which was in Jerusalem, and the disciples were scattered abroad
throughout the regions of Judaea and Samaria.
Therefore they that were scattered abroad
went everywhere preaching the word."
While these things were happening about
Rangoon, there was at Ava a young Burmese
nobleman who had been in the habit of visiting Mr. Kincaid in his verandah, and there
had learned to love the Saviour. His sister,
one of the queen's maids of honor, was very




MR. KINCAID AT RANGOON.   193
much distressed, and did all she could to persuade her brother to return to the faith of his
fathers; but all her persuasions were of no
avail. The only hope, she thought, would
be in getting him quite away from Ava and
Mr. Kincaid, to some place where he would
hear nothing more of this strange religion
which made him  forsake the worship of
Gaudama. She told her wish to the queen,
and he was ordered to go to Bassein, and
take the office of governor of the province.
Now Bassein is, as you may see on the
map, near Rangoon; and while this young
Christian grieved that he was to be sent five
hundred miles from home, to a place where
he expected to find no one who worshipped
the true God, his heavenly Father was really
sending him to help his persecuted brothers
and sisters there.
One day, very soon after his arrival at
Bassein, some wild-looking jungle men were
brought before the new governor by the officers.
"What offence have these men committed?" he asked.
White Forigners.  25




194    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
"They worship a strange God," was the
answer.
"What God?"
"They call him the Eternal God."
"The Eternal God! Set the men free; let
them go home in peace."
How astonished must the officers and prisoners have been! The happy Karens returned
home in peace; and the news soon spread far
and wide that the governor would not interfere with the Christians, for he was actually
one himself. He loved the religion of Jesus,
kept his day, and fulfilled his commands. If
the governor would not interfere, it was of no
use for the officers to do so; the persecution
in Bassein was at an end; and during the two
years he remained there, two thousand men
and women are said to have been converted.
Kothahbyn was very active during this time
among the Karens around Rangoon and all
along the banks of the Irrawadi from that
town to Prome. If he was persecuted in one
place, he passed on to another, just as Jesus
had commanded his disciples to do when he
was on earth.  A year or two afterwards
some missionaries made a tour up the Irra



MR. KINCAID AT RANGOON.  195
wadi; and they found that in spite of fines
and imprisonments and persecutions in many
forms, numbers of the people were Christians,
waiting to be baptized. Very many of them
had had no other teacher than Kothahbyn;
the glad news of salvation had been brought
to them by him.




196    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
AR. jJINCAID,AMONG JkOBBERS.
iHERE were missionaries stationed at
Axfe^   Ava, Rangoon, Amherst, Maulmain,
v:k     Tavoy, and Mergui. I dare say you
would think this was enough. Dr.
Judson did not think so. He wrote letters to
America, telling how many more missionaries
were needed, and how many places there still
were without teachers. Mr. Kincaid did not
think so either. He remembered there were
countries lying far away north of Ava, north
of Burmah, to which the gospel had not yet
been carried. China lay there away to the
north-China, with its hundreds of millions
of people. Many Chinese certainly travelled
into Burmah, and some had come in contact
with the missionaries. There was a Chinese
convert mentioned in one of Mrs. Boardman's
letters from Tavoy; but could not China itself
be reached?




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198    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Mr. Kincaid thought it might be done; and
besides, there were people called Shans, living to the north, who might be opened to the
gospel even if China were not.
Other missionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Webb and
Mr. and Mrs. Simons, had come to Ava, and
could supply his place there, so Mr. Kincaid
resolved to make a journey to the north. He
procured a boat, and taking four native Christians with him, started up the river. The
country through which he passed was very
beautiful, and wide forests of teak-wood covered the sides of the hills.
At the end of three weeks Mr. Kincaid
reached the city of Mogaung, which is three
hundred and fifty miles from Ava. Here he
stayed for a time, and took some journeys
into the great plain that lay to the north towards India. It was soon evident, however,
that he could go no farther, for he could get
neither men nor provisions. All the people
of the country appeared to be fighting against
one another, and the bands of robbers that
roamed about- made travelling very unsafe.
I do not think that the fear of robbers would
have turned Mr. Kincaid back, but without




MR. KINCAID AMONG ROBBERS. 199
men who could row the boat farther up, or
food for himself and his companions, there
was no choice left —he was compelled to return.
But on his way down the river, a party of
banditti attacked Mr. Kincaid. Resistance
was of no use; they captured him, and carried him away to their village. He was a
white man, and on this account they thought
him a very valuable prisoner  so valuable
that twenty-five men were appointed to guard
him. I suppose they thought that when his
friends heard of his fate they would offer a
large sum of money in order to obtain his
freedom.
All the men of the band except'those who
had charge of Mr. Kincaid used to leave the
village every morning and not return again
till evening. They generally brought back
with them more prisoners and a number of
stolen things. As Mr. Kincaid lay bound
upon the ground, he could watch the men,
and see what they did with the stolen property and their prisoners. Many a time his
heart sank within him at the cruelties he saw
practised by those wicked men.  Many of




200    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
their prisoners they killed outright-all were
treated most cruelly; and then the wretched
men would fight and quarrel until they sank
to sleep, only to prepare for more robberies
the next day.
But in the mean time a difficulty arose
about Mr. Kincaid. What were they to do
with hil? No ransom was offered for him.
They did not want to keep him. They did
not dare to kill him, He was a white man,
and they knew that a white man's life was
counted valuable, and they would surely be
punished if ever it were known that they had
murdered him.  They were afraid, too, to
release him; he had seen too much of their
wrong-doings to make this safe. He might
tell the government officers in some of the cities about them, and then they would be punished as surely as if they had killed him.
Here was a difficulty. They could not agree
among themselves, and day after day Mr.
Kincaid was kept well guarded at the village,
and his captors argued about what was to be
done with him. How should you like to have
been Mr. Kincaid at this time, and have heard
these angry men discussing whether or no




MR. KINCAID AMONG ROBBERS. 201
they should murder you?  How often his
thoughts must have flown to the dear friends
far away whom he might never see again.
Oftener still, no doubt, he remembered the
dearest Friend of all, who is never far away,
but has said: "Lo, I am with you always."
Among Mr. Kincaid's guards was one face
he thought he had seen before. It was the
face of a young Cathay chief.  Could that
man ever have visited the verandah of the
mission house in Ava?  Had he ever stood
by and listened to God's word there? It was
very possible; numbers came in this way
whom the missionaries never saw again. One
thing was certain; this young man's behavior to the captive was very different from that
of the other guards. Sometimes he gave him
a kind look when he had an opportunity, and
one day he managed to slip a piece of money
into Mr. Kincaid's hand. "Hush!" he said,
for Mr. Kincaid looked surprised, and as
though he would return it; "hush, you may
want it!"
Want it! Of what use could money be to
hi?
That evening, when the robbers returned
26




202    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
to the village, they brought with them as prisoner a Burmese woman. She carried a baby
in her arms, and three other of her children
were with her. The men wanted to know
where she had hidden her property and jewels, but she would tell them nothing. In their
anger at her silence, they uncovered her back,
and with a heavy bamboo cane they beat her
until she sank on the earth and died. Mr.
Kincaid watched this sad scene with an aching heart, as he sat bound on the ground. It
was the last cruelty he was to see those men
commit.
In the silent night, when all were sleeping
around, the young Cathayan crept to his side.
He gently aroused him, unbound the cords
which fastened him, and bade him go. Mr.
Kincaid rose, and passed noiselessly out of
the village through his sleeping guard, once
more a free man. He dared not remain to
thank his deliverer and urge him to forsake
the wicked life he was leading, but he must
often have recollected and prayed for him.
I wonder what did become of that bandit;
whether his companions found out who it was
that had released their prisoner! And if they




MR. KINCAID AMONG ROBBERS. 203
did, whether they ill-treated or killed him on
account of it.
Mr. Kincaid was free; and after much peril
and suffering he arrived at Ava. All the way
he was obliged to hide by day and travel by
night, and beg his food from women who came
out in the early morning to draw water from
the wells; for there were so many robbers
prowling about it seemed hardly possible to
escape them.,When at length Mr. Kincaid reached Ava,
he found great changes had taken place there.
There had been a civil war. The king had
been dethroned by his brother, and the new
monarch refused to allow the missionaries to
remain. So they bade adieu to their converts
and friends, and embarked for Maulmain,
where they stayed for a while near Dr. Judson.




204    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER XIX.
EAST PAYS OF JOTHAHBYN.
Y HEN the new king came into power,
i.,a  not only the missionaries at Ava, but?    also those at Rangoon, were compelled
to leave, for the Christians were scattered and persecuted more than ever. They
did not, however, intend to remain idle, but
at once looked out for a fresh post in which
to continue their work. Dr. Judson and many
others were laboring at Maulmain. Dr. and
Mrs. Mason were still at Tavoy. These places
were under the government and protection of
the good Queen Victoria, and missionaries
were welcome there.
There was another strip of land lying more
to the north, which was also governed by the
English. This was Arracan, just separated
by a range of lofty mountains from the valley
where flowed the broad Irrawadi. For five
years missionaries had been stationed on
Ramree Island, which lies on the coast of




LAST DAYS OF KOTHAHBYN.   205
Arr:acan, but there was abundance of room for
more.
To this strip of land Mr. and Mrs. Kincaid,
who had left Ava, and Mr. and Mrs. Abbott,
who had been living at Rangoon, resolved to
go. As there were only the mountains between Arracan and the part of the land in
which Ava and Rangoon were situated, they
hoped that many of the poor converted Karens would make their way across, and settle
again near their teachers. Mr. Abbot went
to Sandoway, and Mr. Kincaid to Akyab.
From Akyab it was possible to reach Ava in
six or eight days. That may appear to you a
long time to go so short a distance, but recollect the travelling was over steep mountain
passes and through thick, rough jungle land.
Kothahbyn, of whom you have so often
read, accompanied Mr. Abbott to Sandoway.
He was stationed in a little village near Mr.
Abbott, but it was not for long; in a few
months he died. He had for several years
been suffering a great deal from rheumatism,
and it had sometimes been so bad that he
could not get up or walk about. Now, he
caught a very bad cold, and inflammation of




206  -THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
the lungs came on. He felt he was going to
die, and sent to Mr. Abbott to say he should
like to come and die near him. It was the
rainy season, and Mr. Abbott could not go
himself to fetch the sick man, but he sent a
boat, in which Kothahbyn was brought to the
mission house. He was rather a troublesome
patient to nurse, but Mr. Abbott was very
kind, and waited upon him during the few
days he lived. He did not even object if
Kothahbyn called him up in the middle of the
night, as he often did, saying: "Teacher,
please come and rub me."
Kothahbyn was the first convert among
the Karens; and ever since he had learned
the love of Jesus himself he had preached to
his countrymen, and great numbers had by
his means been converted. He was very fond
of preaching, and seemed to like nothing so
well. One day, when he was in a boat with a
missionary, they were nearly drowned, and
Kothahbyn, on seeing the danger, exclaimed:
"0 teacher, I shall be drowned; I shall never
preach again."  The Karens were very eager
to hear him too; and one time, when he was
kept: at home by the illness of his wife, they




LAST DAYS OF KOTHAHBYN.   207
pressed about the house so much that there
was some danger of their breaking it down.
I suppose it was not very strongly built.
But even after he became a Christian,
although he did so much good, he had one
great fault, which was constantly giving him
trouble: he was very bad-tempered.  He
had given way to his temper for many yearsall the years that he was a child and a youth;
and at last, when he desired to conquer it,
although he fought very hard with it, it had
grown too strong, and often conquered him
instead.  This sad fault frequently caused
great grief to the missionaries; and yet they
felt there were great excuses for hlim. When
he was young he had no kind -mother and
father to point out his faults and help him to
overcome them, nor did he then hear of the
meek and lowly Jesus, who set us "an example that we should follow his steps."
And Kothahbyn was not talented. "Not
talented and not good-tempered," you exclaim; "how could he do so much good?"
No doubt he would have done much more
good if he had learned to control himself, and,
as I said, that want of self-control was a con



208    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
stant grief and pain and trouble to himself
and his friends. Solomon says: "He that
hath no rule over his own spirit, is like a city
that is broken down and without walls."
Kothahbyn often found it so.
If he had been talented, too, he might perhaps have done more good; but I am not so
sure of this. The poor Karens to whom he
preached were not learned; they wanted only
the simple story of a Saviour's love, and it
needs very little talent to understand the
words: "Jesus Christ came into the world to
save sinners."  Kothahbyn seems to have
learned this one truth so well that his heart
and head were filled with it; and when he
had learned it himself he went about to his
fellow-sinners, proclaiming: "Christ Jesus
came into the world to save sinners."
Many people in these days are so proud
that somehow they find a difficulty in understanding the easy story of Christ's love. I
would rather, like Kothahbyn, get this one
truth well into my head and heart, than have
my head quite full of knowledge without believing this.




LABORS AT ARRACAN.          209
CHAPTER XX.
ARI.. ABBOTT AND  J'AR. jINCAID  AT
ARRACAN-STORY OF FHETYA.
IHEN Mr. Abbott went to Sandoway,
cV he sent two native Christians out over
~   the mountains and into the country
around, to tell the Karens that a missionary had come and would be glad to see
them. They were also told to find, if possible, the young men who had been studying
with MSr. Abbott at Rangoon, and ask them
to come and live at Sandoway, and continue
their studies there.
As soon as the news spread that the teacher
had arrived, numbers flocked across the mountains to him; some to remain and study, some
for books and instruction, some to escape, in
a peaceful land, the persecutions to which
they had been subjected.
The Burmese magistrates did all they could
to prevent the Karens from moving. They set
White Foreigners.  2T




210    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
men to guard the mountain passes and turn
them back; they fined them; they imprisoned
them; they beat them; and yet numbers escaped and made their way to the missionaries.
You see the foolish Burmese went the wrong
way to work. Suppose they had said: " Stop
here, and you shall have comfortable homes;
we will not tax you more than is just and
right, and you shall have schools for your
children, and teachers for yourselves, with
liberty to worship what God you will," is it
likely the Karens would have left them?
At last some of the officers did- find out they
were making a mistake, and that, if matters
continued as they were, soon all the Karens
would leave them and be settled in the English provinces; so they made things a little
easier for them, and said: "Let them worship
God, if they will pay the taxes and obey our
laws."
Still the persecutions did not cease. In
1841, the year after he went to Sandoway,
MIr. Abbott made a tour into the mountains,
and met many Karens, who told him of the
sufferings they had endured for reading the
"White Book,"




LABORS AT ARRACAN.           211
lThe next year came an order from the king,
that the white men and their religion were to
be driven out of his dominions. Now the poor
Karens were persecuted afresh, and more
fiercely than ever. They were seized in their
huts, whole families of them, and driven away
to prison. Mothers and fathers were separated from their children, and cruelly beaten
unless they could give their persecutors as
much money as they asked for.  Children
were left to starve and die without any one
to nurse and care for them.
Do you wonder that now they fled across
the mountains to Arracan faster than ever?
They packed up all they could carry, and
driving their buffaloes before them, came hungry and sad to the missionaries. Not only
the missionaries, but all the British residents
in the province, and Colonel Phayre, the
assistant commissioner, received them kindly, and did what they could to help them.
They had land on which to settle, and were
supplied with food until their rice should be
grown.
Happier times seemed dawning for them,
but there was still.another enemy they had to




212    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
meet. Want and sorrow and misery often
bring sickness and death with them; and so it
was now.  The sufferings these poor people
had endured prepared other sufferings for
them. In the first hot season after their arrival in Arracan, the cholera broke out among
them, and destroyed many.  So frightened
did they become of this sad disease, that, instead of trusting in God, they ran away back
to the mountains and jungles, hoping to escape, and there died of the very disease they
had tried to run from, without any one to help
or comfort them.
Cholera sometimes visits us also, and very
sad and terrible it is when God permits it to
break out anywhere; but in the East, in the
cities of India and Burmah, cholera, when it
sweeps over the land, is far more terrible than
with us. It is an enemy here, it is an enemy
there; but here and there the enemy is met
in very different ways. Here, we ask God to
help and deliver us, and then we set to work
with hospitals and medicines, with good food,
warm clothing, good nursing, and great care
and cleanliness, to beat and overcome the
enemy. There, fires are kindled in the streets,




STORY OF CHETYA.           213
and kept burning nighl and day, which is no
doubt a very good thing; and large processions of people go about the streets, beating
gongs and drums and tom-toms, to frighten
away the evil spirits, which, they believe,
cause the disease. I should think it more
likely that they frightened the sick people,
and even those that were well, until it made
them ill. When the cholera raged, as it often
did in Rangoon, or Maulmain, or Ava, or
Tavoy, the missionaries were quite worn out
by attending to the sick and dying.
Mr. Abbott at Sandoway was made quite
ill by his anxieties. He not only had these
poor Karens to care for, but his wife and two
children were taken from him to heaven; and
he, too weak and sad to continue his work,
was compelled to return for a time to America.
At the time that Mr. Abbott was at Sandoway, Mr. Kincaid was at Akyab. The Karens flocked to him also, coming over the
mountains from the direction of Ava.
One day, a Karen chief, called Chetya, visited the white teacher. He came attended
by a party of his men, and I do not know
that they did much more than look about the




214    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
mission station, and wonder at the strange
ways of the foreigners.  MAr. Kincaid told
them he had God's book, which explained the
way in which the true God was to be worshipped. They listened, but did not appear
much interested, and soon went away to their
mountains again.
Not many months after, Alr. Kincaid was
surprised by receiving a letter from the mountains. Of course it did not come by post;
perhaps some poor Karen brought it. It was
a letter signed by Chetya and thirteen other
chiefs, and its contents were to this effect.
They had been considering the things which
Mr. Kincaid had told them about the true
God; but they were ignorant, and their people were ignorant, and they wished the teacher to come and live with them, that they might
know the true God and be taught the true
book. In the letter also were written the
names of two hundred and seventy children
who would be sent to school as soon as some
one would come to teach them.
Mr. Kincaid and his fellow missionary, Mr.
Stilson, prepared to go and visit these mountain tribes as soon as possible; so much had




STORY OF CHETYA.           215
the letter pleased them.  But Chetya was
very impatient to receive an answer, and instead of waiting set off with a large retinue
to the mission station, where he arrived before
the missionaries had started.  He was delighted to find the teachers preparing to visit
his villages, and hastened home again to
spread the intelligence, and to make preparations for the reception of his visitors. A zayat was erected by the time the missionaries
arrived, in which the people assembled in
order to be instructed about the true book
and true God; and many little things that
the rough men had noticed at the station
they had done their best to provide for the
use of their guests. Warm, loving hearts and
eager, willing hands had worked together,
and the result was great happiness and much
satisfaction and pleasure.
Chetya wished much to build a house for
the missionaries, and keep them altogether;
but this could not be: they could not leave
their posts at Akyab. They could only promise to come again on a visit, and to do their
very best to find a teacher who would remain
with them.




216    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
In a few years Mr. and Mrs. Kincaid were
obliged to leave Arracan on account of their
health, and return for a time to America.
They took with them the two elder children of
Mr. and Mrs. Comstock, the missionaries at
Ramree.
Mr. Abbott, I told you, had lost his wife
and children, and returned to America to
recruit.  Mr. and Mrs. Comstock also died
about this time, as well as the little ones that
had remained with them; so that in a very
little while Mr. Stilson was the only one left
of all the missionaries who had been at Arracan.
I have to tell you of the deaths of a great
many persons, and you think it sad. It is
sad, but you know that when Christians die
they go to a better and brighter home; how
bright and how glorious who can say?  One
by one, we must all die; and if you and I,
like these servants of God, are loving and
serving him, whether we die and go to Jesus,
or Jesus comes for us, it will be all one: we
shall only be going home.




DR. JUDSON'S HOME.         217
CHAPTER XXI.
P I   JUDSON'S JfOME.
the home at Maulmlain in which Dr.
Judson lived so happily with his wife
and little children.
In one of her letters home Mrs. Judson
wrote:
"The little ones play in the verandah adjoining the room where I sit all the day with
my Peguan translator. It is open to the road,
and I often have inquirers.  Since I commenced this letter I happened to look up,
and saw a man leaning over the balustrade,
looking at -me very attentively. I asked him
what he wanted. He replied he was looking
to see me write. I immediately laid down my
pen, invited him in, and he sat a long time
listening to the truth.  He promised to pray
to the Eternal God to give him a new heart,
that he might believe in thl  Saviour, the
28




218    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Lord Jesus Christ, of whom he says he never
heard till to-day. He is a Shan, who has
been residing for a number of years at Pegu,
and came here for trade.  He lives in his
boat; and while strolling about the streets
was led by curiosity hither; and oh, may it be
for the salvation of his soul."
I cannot tell you whether this poor Shan,
who lived in his boat, did or did not become
a Christian; perhaps he and Mrs. Judson have
met in heaven since then. Those who do good
on earth do not often know how much good
they are doing. I will tell you a little story
which proves that Mrs. Judson did not know
all the good she was doing in the days she sat
studying Peguan.
Long after she was in heaven, far away
from the table at which she used to sit and
write, a man came to the house to see Dr.
Judson.  He said he was a Christian, and
wished to be, baptized.  He was a middleaged, sober, respectable man, but he could
not speak Burmese well. He was a Peguan
from near Bangkok in Siam.
" Why do you wish to be baptized?" asked
Dr. Judson.




DR. JUDSON'S HOMIE.         219
"I believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and I
wish to enter his religion and obey his commandcls."
"How do you know that this is one of his
commands?"
"I have read about it in the Book of
Truth."
"How did you first become acquainted
with the religion of Jesus?"
"Before I came to this region, a countryman of mine chanced to mention a wonderful
little book which a foreign teacher at Bangkok had given him, and I had the curiosity
to procure it and read it. I have never worshipped any idol since."
" Indeed! What book was it?"
"The Golden Balance."
"'The Golden Balance" was a tract which
Mrs. Judson had translated into the Peguan
language years ago, when she used to sit
there among her children with her teacher.
She also translated the Pilgrim's Progress
into the Burmese language; and if you had
read that delightful book you know what a
treat she gave to the Burmese Christians.
About this time Dr. Judson began to suffer




220    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
from cough and fever and weakness of the
throat, and could no longer preach so constantly as he had been in the habit of doing.
Once he was obliged to leave  irs. Judson
and the children, and try if a voyage to Calcutta, and a visit to the missionaries at Serampore would not do him good. On board
the ship which took him to Calcutta Dr. Judson wrote a letter to George Boardman. Although he was far away in America, you may
be sure that neither Dr. Judson nor his mother forgot him. This is part of the letter that
was written on the voyage to Calcutta:
"DEAR GEORGE: I am taking a voyage for
the benefit of my health, and being alone on
board ship, separated from your mamma and
her family, I thought I would write a few
lines to you. I left her the 19th of last month,
and then she was well, and Abby, Ann, Adoniram, and Elnathan.  Would you like to see
them  all?  Everybody says that Adoniram
looks just like you at that age. I think there
is a most striking resemblance. Elnathan has
blue eyes, and looks more like his mother. I
hope you will frequently pray that your brothers and sister may, as well as yourself, become




DR. JUDSON'S HOME.          221
partakers of Divine grace. If you get a new
heart, you will, when you die, go to heaven,
where your sainted father doubtless is, and
where your mother and I hope to go. But if
not, you will never reach our happy company,
and we shall look round in vain for George.
Do not forget these things, and while you are
engaged in your studies take care to secure
the one thing needful. Your mother and I
remember you every day in our family prayers
and in our secret devotions. There is nothing
we so much long to hear as that you have
given your heart to Jesus.
"We are glad to learn from your letters
that you are happy in the family of Captain
Childs.  You must be very obedient and
grateful for all the attentions and kindnesses
you receive.
"I have had an attack of the same complaint that your own father died of; but I am
deriving much benefit from the sea air. If I
should recover I shall have returned to Maulmain when you receive this, and be again
happy, I hope, in the society of your mamma.
"Your affectionate father,
"A. JUDSON."




222   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Dr. Judson did return again to Maulmain,
better for the change and rest he had enjoyed; and he received a warm  welcome, not
only from his wife and children, but from the
native Christians, and his companion missionaries also.
A year after this trip to Calcutta, Dr. Judson again visited Rangoon. It was the same
year that Mr. Kincaid and Mr. Abbott went
to Arracan. Rangoon was, you recollect, the
first place in which Dr. Judson had made his
home in Burmah. It was at Rangoon he had
first preached to the heathen; and though
now for many years he had lived at Maulmain, he still thought of the persecuted Christians at Rangoon, and took every opportunity
of going to see them.
It was a great grief to him that at Rangoon
and Ava missionaries and Christians should
be so ill-treated by the king and governors;
and constantly he prayed that soon the days
might come when all over Burmah the glorious gospel should be openly proclaimed.
Dr. Judson did not get very strong again.
His friends in America asked him to return
there for a time, as other missionaries had




DR. JUDSON'S HOME.        223
done, in order to try and recover his health;
but he did not think this would be likely to
benefit him, and did not wish to leave Burmah; therefore he thanked his friends, and
remained where he was. His voice was too
weak to allow him to preach much, so he spent
more time writing and translating at home.
Because he understood the language so
well, he had been many times asked to compile a dictionary. He knew this would require a great deal of time and attention, but
he did not feel that it would be missionary
work, and so had not undertaken it. Now,
-however, he commenced the dictionary, feeling sorry all the time that he was not fit for
work he loved better, and which he thought
might do more good. And yet, do not you
think that dictionary must have been a good
work, and a great help to other missionaries
wishing to learn the language? How much
more slowly we should get on with French or
German or Latin if we had no dictionaries to
help us to words.
There was a little Henry added to the number of Dr. Judson's children. It was a happy,
pleasant home to which he came; a home in




224    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
which the father anid mother feared and loved
God, and strove to teach others to do the
same; a home in which the children played
merrily in the verandah during the day, and
at night slept soundly under their mosquitocurtains. It was not all play, though, for the
children began to go to school in the mornings, and learned to read a little.
But there came a time when the little children grew pale and thin. They were ill; they
could enjoy neither their food nor their play
nor their lessons; and at night, instead of
sleeping peacefully, they threw their fevered
limbs about under the curtains, and cried and
fretted in their restlessness and pain. Poor
children! What could be done for them?
Their mamma, too, was ill; so ill that she
could not nurse them. Dr. Judson saw that
if they were not all to die, he must leave
Maulmain for a time, and take them out upon
the broad ocean, where the cool breezes could
fan their cheeks.  They set sail in a ship
bound for Calcutta, and as they went out to
sea they all grew better. They landed near
Calcutta; but as soon as they were under the
influence of the heat there, they were all ill




DIR. JUDSON'S HOME.        225
again. Dr. Judson hardly knew what to do,
but he found a captain whom he had known
at Maulmain, and made arrangements with
him to take them all to the Isle of France.
There was one of the little family that was
going another journey. While his mamma
was away from him for a few days, doing some
business in Calcutta, baby Henry became very
ill, and not many hours after she reached him
he died. They buried him in the mission burial-ground at Serampore; and with heavy
hearts Dr. and Mrs. Judson left him there,
and once more embarked with the other children.
Even now, when Dr. Judson had the anxiety of nursing and watching his sick wife and
children, he did not forget his great determination to make Christ known wherever he
went. There were sailors on board the ship
which was carrying him and his family to the
Isle of France.  Many of them were very
wicked men, but Dr. Judson had the happiness of seeing three of them become truly
Christian; and twenty-three signed an agreement together, that they would endeavor to
avoid sin, and try to keep God's commandWhite Foreigners.  29




226   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
ments, in dependence on his strength and
grace. So much good may the example of
one good man do.
When the ship, after carrying them round
to the Isle of France, brought them once more
to Maulmain, Dr. Judson had the pleasure of
seeing his wife able to work as before, and his
children again playing in the verandah. Yery
happy they were to be in their old home, after
being so long confined on shipboard.
Soon another little Henry was born to take
the place of the one that had died at Serampore, and -then came a little Charlie and a
baby Edward. By the time baby Edward was
born, all the three elder children had learned
to read, and were old and steady enough to
help take care of the younger ones.
While Edward was very tiny his mamma
fell ill again. Dr. Judson remembered how
much better she had been after her last sea
voyage; and as this illness was of the same
kind as that from which she had suffered before, he hoped that another voyage would
restore her. The English commissioner and
his wife were going to take a trip to Mergui,
and they kindly asked Mrs. Judson to accom



DI. JUDSON'S HOME.          227
pany them. She was very glad to do so, and
Abby Ann and Charlie had the pleasure of
being taken also.
Mlrs. Judson stopped for a little while at
Tavoy, which lies between Mlaulmain and
Mergui.  You remember Tavoy, and that
Mrs. Judson had lived there with her first
husband, Mr. Boardman, and with her children, Sarah and Georgie.
Mr. and Mrs. Mason were still at Tavoy,
and very pleased indeed Mrs. Mason and Mrs.
Judson were to meet again. How much they
must have had to talk about! Mrs. Judson
must have wanted to know all about the Karens and Burmese who had become Christians, and whether the children whom she
used to teach had grown up to be good men
and women. Then, too, there were old times
to talk over and think about. The time when
bright little Sarah died; the sad time of the
revolt, when she and Mr. Boardman fled with
Georgie into the town; the still sadder time
of Mr. Boardman's illness; and the time of
her loneliness after he was called away from
her. There were the graves in the grove of
trees still-she took Abby Ann with her to




228    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
see them-and there, close by, was the bamboo-room which her husband had built, and
to which he used to retire and pray alone.
There, too, she had often prayed in days gone
by; a Bible was lying on the table there still,
for Mrs. Mason used the same little room
when she wanted to be alone with her heavenly Father.




A GRAVE AT ST. HELENA.   229
CHAPTER XXII.
A/ pRAVE AT ST. jELENA; AND A yISIT
TO AMERICA.
) f    AM sorry to say that this voyage and
)  the visits to Mergui and Tavoy did
Mrs. Judson no goocL She came back
to liaulmain even weaker than when
she left. If she remained in Burmah it was
evident she must soon die, and leave her husband and her six dear children.
She must go home to America, the country
she had left.twenty years before; and as she
was quite too ill to go alone, Dr. Judson must
go with her. It was decided, too, that Abby
Ann and her two elder brothers, Adoniram
and Elnathan, should accompany their parents to America, in order to be placed at
school there. As the three little ones were
not yet old enough to need any schooling, it
was not necessary that they should go; and




230    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
they were therefore left behind with some
kind missionary friends, who promised to
take care of them.
I must tell you that when, with an aching
heart, airs. Judson kissed Henry and Charlie
and Edward, it was the last time their mother
was ever to kiss them. This parting between
mother and children is constantly happening
in missionary families. Years ago Mrs. Judson had parted from her boy George; Mrs.
Comstock had parted from.her children; Mrs.
Mason from  hers; indeed, it would almost
require a book by itself just to give you the
names of all the missionary fathers and moth-:
ers and children who have, in different parts
of the world, borne this grief for Christ's
sake.
They set sail in a vessel bound for the Mauritius. By the time they arrived there, the
fresh sea-breezes had so much restored Mrs.
Judson that her husband hoped there was no
more cause for fear, but that he might leave
her to pursue her way home with the children, while he returned to his work at Maulmain and the three little boys there. This,
however, he could not do; in a few days his




A GRAVE AT ST. HELENA.   231
wife was worse than ever, and he was glad to
hasten her on board the vessel that was to
convey them to America.
There must have been many thoughts in
irs. Judson's mind of the dear friends she
hoped so soon to see again, and above all, of
her son George, who had left her a little, gentle boy, and was now a youth, sixteen years
old. But it was not to see him that she was
going, but to her daughter Sarah and her
baby Henry, who had been growing up in the
care of the angels in heaven.
The sea-breezes did not restore her; she
knew soon that she should not get better.
She lived until they reached the Island of St.
Helena, and there she died. She was not
sorry to die. When Dr. Judson spoke to her
about heaven and the pleasure of seeing her
Saviour there, she replied eagerly: "What
can I want more?"  Almost her last words
were: " I ever love the Lord Jesus Christ."
She was not sorry to die; but to her husband and children her death was a great grief.
They carried her body in a boat to the shore
to bury it; and in that far-off island Dr. Judson found kind Christian friends who did all




232    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
they could to comfort him. They took him to
their houses and prayed with him, and spoke
kind, loving words to him and the children.
They knew he was not rich, and therefore they
and the captain of the ship would not allow
him to bear the expenses of the funeral; and
not only did they pay this, but they made
black clothes for the children, and sent them
on board the ship.
How sad George Boardman must have felt
when the ship reached America-the ship
which he hoped would bring to him  the
mother from whom he had been so long separated, but which only brought the intelligence that he had no mother on earth! The
sight of his sister and brothers, and of Dr.
Judson, who was so kind a father to him,
could not make up to him for the loss of his
mother.
It was thirty-three years since Dr. Judson
had left America. How many changes had
taken place! He went       away a young man,
known only to a very few; he returned, no
longer young, but he found that all who were
interested in missionary work were eager to
welcome him. He left, full of hope and cour



A GRAVE AT ST. HELENA.   233
age and health; he returned, weak and sad,
though he had hope and courage still. He
left with a young wife at his side; she and her
children were lying far away in a heathen
land; another dear wife he had left six weeks
before, sleeping in her lonely island-grave,
and he had returned with three motherless
children. He left with a determination to
serve Christ as a missionary, and he returned
with the same resolution; and though he had
been in prison, as you know, and had passed
through many trials and troubles, yet he did
not think of settling down comfortably among
his friends in America for the rest of his life;
he intended to return to Burmah and his
work there as soon as possible.
Dr. Judson had been rather anxious before
he landed in America as to how he should
procure lodgings for himself and the children;
he had been absent so long that he felt almost
as though he were going into a strange land.
But the Christian people in America did not
think of him as a stranger; they had heard
of his labors for so many years; they had so
often given money to support the mission stations in Burmah, and had become so inter30




234    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
ested in the reports he had sent over, that
they were all ready to welcome him. He had
no need to seek for lodgings; so many people
wished to receive him into their houses, to
show their pleasure at seeing him, and their
sympathy in his sorrow, that he could not
possibly visit them all.
He was asked to many missionary meetings, and was invited to speak at them. On
account of the weakness in his throat he could
not say much; and besides, he had spoken the
Burmese language for so many years, that he
did not feel quite at home with the English
tongue. He disappointed the people in another way too: they wanted him to amuse
them and tell them stories of what he had
seen in Burmah. But he could not do it; his
heart was heavy, and he was not accustomed
to story-telling. He told them how much
Burmah wanted help from them, and then
reminded them of Christ's great love to them.
One day a lady was walking home with him,
after a service at which he had spoken. She
remarked that the congregation were disappointed with what he had said.
"Why, what did they want?" he asked. "I




A GRAVE AT ST. HELENA.   235
presented the most interesting subject in the
world as well as I could."
" But they wanted something different-a
story."
"Well; I am sure I gave them a story —the
most thrilling one that can be conceived of."
"But they had heard it before. They wanted something new from a man who had just
come from the antipodes."
"Then I am glad they have it to say that
a man coming from the antipodes had nothing better to tell than the wondrous story of
Jesus' dying love."




236   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE 5RETURN TO JVAULMAIN.
HE next year Dr. Judson left America
again, and once more sailed for Bur~;1a4 mah. This was in the year 1846.
He had left the three children to be
taught and trained in America. But he did
not go alone. Other missionaries sailed with
him; but, besides these, there was with him
another lady, who had become his wife, and
was going to be a new mamma to the little
ones in Maulmain.
When Dr. and Mrs. Judson reached Maulmain, only two of the three little boys were
there.  Charlie had joined his mother in
heaven.  The other two had by this time
quite forgotten her, and were ready to love
the lady that came back with their father and
call her " Mamma."
Dr. Judson sent a letter to his sons in




THE RETURN TO MAULMAIN.  237
America to tell them of his arrival in Maulmain. He says:
"I can hardly realize that I am sitting in
the old house where we all lived together so
long; and now your mamma, yourselves, your
sister Abby Ann, and little Charlie are gone.
It is now evening. I am writing in the hall
where I used to sit and study when your
mamma had gone down the coast with Captain and Mrs. Durand. Your new mamma
has just put your little brothers, Henry and
Edward, to bed. They lie in the room where
you used to sleep before you removed to the
corner room. Henry is singing and talking
aloud to himself; and what do you think he
is saying? your new mamma has just called
me to listen.' My own mamma went away,
away in a boat. And then she got wings and
went up.  And Charlie, too, went up, and
they are flying above the moon and the stars.'
"I preach in the chapel, as I used to do,
but have not yet begun to work at the dictionary, for we have been very busy seeing
company and getting our house and things in
order. Every thing looks as it used to do
when you were here. My clear boys, I do n't




238    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
know when I shall see you again. If I ever
should, you will not be the dear little fellows
I left at Worcester. But I hope, as you grow
larger and change the features that are now
so deeply engraven on my heart, you will also
grow wiser and better, and become more worthy of my fondest love. That you will give
your hearts to the Saviour is my most earnest
desire. Love your dear uncle and aunt Newton. Mind all they say, and ever try to please
them. I enclose a hymn that I found with
Elnathan's name upon it.
"Your fond father,
"A. JUDSON."
When Dr. Judson returned he found that
there were many missionaries living at Maulmain. He felt it would be better for him not
to remain there, while there were so many
places without missionaries at all. In Rangoon there was no missionary; they had been
driven away from the town by the persecutions. Dr. Judson knew that he could not
hope to preach and teach publicly in a zayat
at Rangoon as he might at Maulmain; and
yet he thought he might do good secretly and




THE RETURN TO MAULMAIN.  239
privately. His great work now was the dictionary. There were more clever and learned
Burmese living at Rangoon than there were
at Maulmain; he considered it would be a
great advantage to have their help, and that
if he went with this object, he should perhaps
be allowed to remain unmolested.
He left his wife in Maulmain, and took a
trip to Rangoon to judge for himself of the
possibility of living there in peace. We will
follow him in the next chapter.




240    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER  XXIV.
" PAT FASTLE " —~PERSECUTIONS IN
RANGOON.
IANGOON  had much altered since
the time that Dr. Judson had first't~W   resided there.  It was larger, there
were new houses and new streets, and there
were many more Englishmen and foreigners
living there than formerly.  Some of the
streets were paved with brick, and though
the work had not been done very evenly, it
was an improvement to have any paving at
all. It was not in such good order as Maulmain; but that will not surprise you when you
recollect the different ways in which the two
towns were governed.
The government at Rangoon was as bad as
ever, or even worse, as I will tell you. The
wonder to me is that any foreigners, and especially any Englishmen, would live in such
a town, except as Dr. Judson did, with the




' BAT CASTLE."           241
hope of making it better. Those who did
reside there were mostly merchants, who
traded in the products of the country and
made money by them, or captains and sailors, who attended to the shipping of goods,
and stayed at the port between their voyages.
Dr. Judson had some difficulty in finding a
house; and after hunting for something better, he took the upper' story of an old brick
house in a street called the Mussulman-street.
He returned to Maulmain for his wife and
children and some of his furniture; but he
decided to leave a great many things behind,
for it was impossible to say how soon he
might be compelled to move again; and the
custom-house officers taxed so many things
that it was a great deal of trouble to take
them.
The first news, however, that reached them
after their arrival at Rangoon was that the
house in Maulmain, where they had left their
goods, was burnt to the ground, and every
thing had been destroyed. This was a great
loss, for Dr. Judson was not rich, and had he
been, there was not a possibility of replacing
the things that were burnt, for many of them
White Foreigners.  31




242    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
were presents from kind friends in America.
Dr. Judson, however, was not the worst sufferer by this fire. MJr. Stevens, one of the
missionaries, with his wife and children, were
living in the house; they were aroused from
their slumbers in the middle of the night, and
only escaped with their lives. It was believed
that some wicked person had set fire to the
house on purpose.
The brick house at Rangoon, Mrs. Judson
called "Bat Castle."  I think from the description she gives of it it quite deserved the
name. The rooms were very large, but there
were no glass windows, only holes in the
walls, which might, if needful, be covered
with wooden shutters.  Along the low ceilings ran large beams, and on the tops of these
beams great nnmbers of bats hid themselves
by day, and at night they flew about the
rooms, making a loud noise.
The bats were not the only inhabitants of
the house which Dr. and Mrs. Judson would
rather have been without. Large numbers of
sparrows swarmed about the beams, also, and
Mrs. Judson speaks of beetles, spiders, cockroaches, lizards, rats, ants, and mosquitoes.




"BAT CASTLE."           243
In a letter which she wrote to a friend in
America, she said that though only one cockroach had paid her a visit since she commenced writing, about twenty large ants had
crossed her paper. I am afraid our letters
would not be very steadily written if we had
such unpleasant visitors.
Dr. Judson worked industriously at his dictionary, and privately sent out one or two native converts, who had come with him, to tell
any Christians they might meet with where to
find him.
There were very few Christians at that time
in the Rangoon province; all who could do so
had gone away, for the vice-governor, or raywoon, who had all the power in his own hands,
was a very bloodthirsty man. He hated Christians, and was so cruel that it is said his house
and courtyard resounded day and night with
the cries of the people who were being tortured there. No wonder the Christians were
afraid to come in his way. Dr. Judson could
not even give away a tract in public, not only
on account of the danger to himself, but no
one would have been found bold enough to
receive it.




244    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
In spite, however, of all this fear, a few
Christians used to meet on Sunday mornings
at "Bat Castle." They were afraid of being
noticed, and not many of them would venture
to walk up to the house in their own dress as
though they were going to visit Dr. Judson.
A few did-these were the boldest; the rest
came one by one, some carrying parcels, as
though they were porters only going there on
business; others with baskets of fruit upon
their heads, dressed as servants, as though
they were on their way home from market,
where they had been to procure provisions
for the family. When they were all assembled, the doors were barred, and there in secret they prayed and read God's word together.
At the same beautiful reservoir where, so
many years before, Dr. Judson had baptized
the first Burmese convert, he had the pleasure of once more baptizing. Now, as then, it
was after sunset, for fear of the enemy. It
was a young man who was baptized that June
evening, a son of one of the oldest native
Christians, who lived at a village a little distance from Rangoon.




PERSECUTIONS IN RANGOON.  245
The next morning, as the young convert
was returning home, his heart full of happy
thoughts, he met his father in the hands of
some officers. He had been taken prisoner,
and was being conveyed to the court of the
governor for examination. You will be glad
to hear that it was not to the court of the
raywoon he was going; and the old viceroy
had given Dr. Judson a promise that he would
not interfere with the Christians. The young
man returned to Rangoon with his father, full
of grief and sorrow. Some of the Christians
brought the intelligence to Dr. Judson, and
all waited in fear and anxiety to know the
result.
The old man was taken into the court to
the officer who had sent the order for his
arrest.
"Why have you brought the man before
me?" asked the officer.
"He is accused of heresy, and of frequenting the house of Jesus Christ's teacher," was
the reply.
"On what authority?"
"Here is your written order.'
"My written order! What? Where?  I




246    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
have given no order. It must be one of my
clerks.  It must be a mistake.  Go about
your business."
" I thought it strange," said the old man,
"that you should summon me on a charge of
heresy, as it is well known that I worship the
true God."
" God!" said the officer; " worship any god
you like; if you villagers pay your taxes, what
more do we want with you?"
Now the fact was, this officer had written
the order; but after he had done so, he had
told the viceroy of it, and had found that he
was not pleased. Therefore it was that this
Christian was released.
The Sunday after this occurrence no one
ventured to the upper room in Dr. Judson's
house where they had met for worship. The
meetings in Mussulman-street were known,
and had been remarked upon in the government house; and though this old man had
been released, it did not follow that others
would escape so easily. Many had met with
martyrdom for Christ's sake in Rangoon; and
one man, Mau Ya, after he had been fined and
whipped and sentenced to death, had been




PERSECUTIONS IN RANGOON.  247
made a pagoda slave. This was considered
the worst kind of slavery. Colonel Burney
begged, as a great favor, that Mau Ya might
be set at liberty, and at last the governor
yielded.
It was not long before accounts of the coming and going at Dr. Judson's house were carried to the bloodthirsty raywoon himself. He
at once set guards in the street to watch and
seize any one going in or out who was not
known to be a servant belonging to the family. Some one of Dr. Judson's trusty friends
apprised him of the danger. But what was
to be done? It was Saturday, and the next
morning any one who came to the service
would be taken prisoner and carried before
the vice-governor. Not a moment must be
lost.
Dr. Judson despatched his two native assistants at once, by different roads, to call
upon all the Christians and warn them not to
come.  Unfortunately, four young Karens
were in the house. They could not remain
there, and yet how could they escape? Dr.
Judson contrived to get the key of the outer
gate from the landlord that night; in the




248    THE WHITE FOREIGNEES.
darkness he quietly let them out of the house;
they made haste from the town, and by morning were far on the way to their native jungle.
And so it came to pass that the cruel raywoon's guard was set in vain. Dr. and Mrs.
Judson prayed and watched in some anxiety.
They could not tell whether their messengers
had succeeded in their errand, for they had
not returned; but no one approached the
house; all was quiet. Had they not reason
to sing, " The Lord is on my side; I will not
fear: what can man do unto me? The Lord
taketh my part with them that help me. It is
better to trust in the Lord than to put confidence in man. It is better to trust in the
Lord than to put confidence in princes."
I suppose, as no one came to the house that
Sunday morning, the guard did not think it
necessary to watch so very closely in future,
for Christians and inquirers did still find their
way there. But how alarmed they were lest
it should be known! They were even afraid
to take a book from Dr. Judson in his own
house. Yet so much did they want books and
tracts that, as they went out, they would snatch
one hastily from a box near the door, and hide




PERSECUTIONS IN RANGOON.  249
it under their dress. They doubtless guessed
that their kind teacher had placed the box of
books there on purpose that they might do
this.
In the midst of all this trouble came the
rainy season and the great Buddhist fast.
The Lent fast, which the Buddhists keep,
continues about four months.
This year the vice-governor ordered that
during the whole tinie neither flesh nor fowl
should be sold in the bazaars, and compelled
foreigners as well as natives to keep the fast.
The only baker in the town went away, and
Mrs. Judson had nothing in the house with
which to make bread. They could still procure milk, but it was buffalo's milk, and far
from good; almost the only things left to eat
were rice and fruit.
The children became ill, partly in consequence of the dampness; then fruit was not
good for them, and they grew tired of the constant rice, and longed for something different.
Mrs. Judson, too, was ill, and grew so weak
that she was at last unable to sit up; then Dr.
Judson also fell ill, and for six weeks could do
nothing. 
32




250    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
One day during this dreary time Mrs. Judson tells us they had a very good dinner.
" You must contrive to get something which
mamma can eat; she will starve to death,"
Dr. Judson said one morning to his man, who
was going to the bazaar to see what could be
procured.
"What shall I get?"
"Any thing."
"Any thing?"
The man went.  He returned bringing
something with him; it was cooked and sent
up to table. How nice that stew was! How
Henry and Edward and their mamma enjoyed
picking those little bones! But what bones
were they?
Henry thought it was touktah, a kind of
lizard which is sometimes eaten; but he was
mistaken. The cook was asked what animal
it was. He certainly looked as though he
knew, but he said he did not.
"What did we have for dinner to-day?"
they asked in the evening of the man who
had bought for them.
"Were they good?"
"Yes, excellent. What were they?"




PERSECUTIONS IN RANGOON.  251
Rats," was the answer.
He had bought them in a Chinese shop.
The Chinese eat rats; but I wonder whether
Mrs. Judson would have done so had she
known in time what her cook was preparing.
Another supply of food Dr. Judson procured was fifty fowls, which he managed to
buy from a Mussulman. They were small
and lean, and would doubtless prove tough,
yery unlike those we see in our poulterers'
shops; but there they were, all clacking and
crowing, and promising a supply of food for
weeks to come. Twenty of these precious
fowls were stolen the very first night, and
eight more the man who had sold them
borrowed back; so that more than half disappeared at once. The remainder were killed
and eaten as they were wanted. It was of no
use saving them to be either stolen or borrowed.
A box of biscuits was also sent by some
kind friend in Maulmain; and in course of
time this trouble came to an end, and Dr.
and Mrs. Judson and the children all grew
better.




252    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
In the autumn they returned to Maulmain;
but this was not because they were afraid of
hardships; they were both willing to suffer
for Christ's sake; but circumstances made it
impossible for them to remain longer at Rangoon.




STORY OF MYAT KYAN.         253
CHAPTER XXV.
\ATIVE PREACHERS- STORY OF )YAT
J YAN.
^aj;ROM  the time when first the Burmese
and Karens had begun to receive the
l'<  gospel, many of those who had become Christians had devoted their lives to
spread the good news among their countrymen. This had been a very great assistance
to the missionaries, and God had very greatly
blessed the labors of these native teachers.
It would be quite impossible to tell you of
all these good and devoted men; it is only a
few even of the white missionaries of whom
you have heard.
You remember the Karen Kothahbyn, who
was sold as a slave for being in debt. He
was ransomed by the missionaries, taken into
Dr. Judson's family, and there had learned
how Jesus too had ransomed him. He preached to thousands of Karens, as you have heard,




254    THE WHITE FOREIGNE.RS.
and died at Sandoway, in Arracan, to which
place he accompanied Mr. Abbott.
Moung Ing, too, one of the first Rangoon
converts, you recollect. He had been at Ava
during the time of Dr. Judson's imprisonment;
afterwards you heard of him at Tavoy, helping Mr. Boardman in his last illness: and
then at Mergui, where he died.
Moung Salone, who was so persecuted at
Rangoon, you have not forgotten; and Ko
Eu, who was imprisoned for giving away
books at Rangoon. He was at this time still
busy preaching Christ, and so was Mau Ya,
who had been made a pagoda slave; and
many others, not only in Maulmain and Tavoy, but even in Rangoon, Bassein, and the
districts around, were engaged in the same
work.
When Dr. Judson returned to Maulmain he
received a welcome from an old man who had
known him many years. I do not mean Ar.
Wade, though he doubtless welcomed his
friend warmly, and as years passed on neither he nor Dr. Judson were young any more.
The person of whom I speak was a Karen
pastor named Myat Kyan. Though old and




~1  -..'..Al.
~!i~~~~iiiiiiii!~i~~~~~~~~ii~~  II- -~   -ri —~_iiiil::::
j~ii~
~. ~i~~. ~,i~~~~~~~~. ~      i.".....
~i2~I




256   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
poor and blind now, he was a very well-educated and intelligent man.  He had been
brought up a Buddhist: but he had become
dissatisfied with the religion of Gaudama long
before he had heard of the religion of Jesus.
From the Karens he had become acquainted
with their traditions of an eternal God, the
Creator of all things, and he longed to discover the truth about him.
You have heard of the Brahmins in India,
and the cruelties they sometimes practise on
themselves in order to become holy. There
are Brahmins also in Burmah, and for two or
three years Mlyat Kyan joined one, who undertook to instruct him. He lived away from
his friends with this Brahmin, denied himself
all comforts, and tried constantly to become
more and more devout and holy. But he
found that neither he nor his teacher became
any better than other men, and, disappointed
and disgusted, he left him and returned home.
There are also Mohammedans in Burmah.
One day Myat Kyan entered a Mohammedan
mosque. There he heard, "There is one God,
and Mohammed is his prophet."  The idea
of one God was not new to him; he was glad




STORY OF MYAT KYAN.         257
to hear it again; but what he learned of Mohammed his prophet did not satisfy him.
Next he went to the Roman-catholics.
From them he heard of Christ, the Saviour
of the world; but when he found that Romancatholics worshipped a woman, he thought
their religion worse than the religion of Gaudama, for Gaudama was at least a man.
Myat Kyan left Rangoon and settled at
Maulmain much about the same time that Dr.
Judson and Mr. Wade removed there. Indeed, it was the war during which Dr. Judson had been imprisoned which caused Myat
Kyan and his family to leave Rangoon.
I think God must have been leading this
poor Burman, who so much wanted to know
the truth, for he took a house very near the
zayat in which Dr. Judson preached.  He
was not long in making his way there. Happy man! there he found what he wanted; for
he found Christ, a man and yet God. Day
after day, from morning till evening, he was
at the zayat; he had been very thirsty, but
now he went to Jesus to drink.
When his brother and his wife and sons
discovered that Myat Kyan had become a
White Foreigners.  33




258   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Christian, they were extremely angry. His
brother said he would disown him, and his
wife that she would separate from him, and
his sons said that they would never more call
him father. But AMyat Kyan had heard and
believed the words, " He that loveth wife or
children more than me, is not worthy of me;
and rather than give up the dear Saviour
whom he had so long wanted, and had at last
found, he decided to give up all that was dearest to. him on earth.
You will be glad to hear that, in course of
time, his wife and one of his own sons, as well
an adopted son, not only were once more
friendly to him, but themselves became Christians.
Myat Kyan devoted himself to helping the
missionaries. Although a man who held a
good position himself, he was never ashamed
to sit down in the zayat by the side of a poor
beggar-woman, and try to explain to her the
true way to become rich. He it was who
induced the missionaries to visit the Karen
villages of Dong-yahn; for he used to say to
them, "The Karens are not like the Buddhists; they have no idols and no priests; and




STORY OF MYAT KYAN.          259
if the teachers would go and preach to them,
great numbers would listen and believe."
He was with Mr. Wade when the missionaries first went to Dong-yahn, and he steered
the boat up the river for them. Indeed, for
many years he was in the habit of accompanying them in their tours; and if at any time
the boat stopped, as it often did, on account
of the tide or in order that the cooking might
be done, Myat Kyan would disappear among
the bushes. Why?  He had gone away to
pray; for he loved prayer, and sometimes
prayed alone all night long.
When he became old he also became blind;
but still he would go to the zayat, led by a
little child, and preach. He was poor too,
for long ago he had given up his business to
become an assistant to the missionaries. Mr.
Wade was grieved to see him in want, and
did all he could to help him, for he loved his
old friend; but missionaries are not rich in
this world's goods.
Myat Kyan would have had more for himself if he had not given so much away. Once
his wife said to him, "We are so poor, we had
better keep this money for ourselves."  But




260    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
he answered: " I can manage with less to eat,
but I must give what I can for Christ's sake."
Do you think this was foolish? Surely Christ
did not think so. When he comes with his
holy angels in glory, and separates the sheep
from the goats, do you not think he will say
to Myat Kyan: " Inasmuch as ye did it unto
one of the least of these my brethren, ye did
it unto me. Come ye blessed of my Father,
inherit the kingdom prepared for you."
Poor, old, blind Myat Kyan may be counted a rich and happy man. He was alive at
the time of which we are writing, and lived
for a few years longer; but in the year 1852
the cholera swept over the land and carried
Myat Kyan and many other Christians from
Burmah away to heaven.




MARTYRlDOM OF THAG-UA.   261
CHAPTER  XXVI.
MARTYRDOM OF T HAGUA.I'BliHE following account of the martyr-   dom of one of the Karen pastors was
written in Burmese by a Burmese doctor, an eye-witness and a heathen.
Thagua, pastor of the White Book people
in the vicinity of Bassein, was taken by the
Burman magistrate on the accusation of having called in the English to take their country.
They seized him and his son, and struck him
thirty lashes on his way to prison. The son
they struck twenty-five lashes.  A nephew
also was beaten. They took him to the governor and paid thirty rupees to the ruler.
Now these Burmans were agreed in killing
all the disciples, but waited a little to get
money. They said to the governor: " These
White Book men will come and kill you, as
* From "The Gospel in Burmah," by Mrs. VWylies.




262    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
they did the chiefs in Rangoon."  The governor then said: "Seize them."
So they seized the pastor and forty of his
people, and hooked them together with iron
hooks. Then they liberated the old men, and
told them to go and get one hundred and
thirty rupees,* and they should be free again.
The elders did so, and paid the hundred and
thirty rupees; but the Burman Kala did not
free them, but hooked them again.
The next day he dragged out Thagua, the
pastor, and struck him twice, then pressed
him between bamboos, then tied him by the
neck into a mango-tree, his hands tied behind
to the trunk of the tree. Thagua cried out:
"My lord, my lord, do you kill me?"
Kala answered: " Give me a hundred and
seventy rupees, and you shall be free."
Thagua replied: "I have no silver, my
lord."
The magistrate answered: "The disciples
give you a hundred rupees a year."
"No, my lord, they never gave me so
much."
Then said Kala to the disciples: " Give his
* The value of a rupee is about fifty cents.




MARTYtRDOM OF THAGUA.    263
ransom, and take your leader, and all shall
be peace. If not, we will slaughter him."
The disciples said: " My lord, if his life
may be spared we will give the money."
The hundred and seventy rupees were given,
but still they did not free him. Then Kala
led them all back to the village of Pataw, and
gave the pastor into the hands of the judge.
The judge reviled him, saying:
"If your God is almighty, bid him take
you out of these hooks."
Thagua replied: "If the eternal God does
not now save me from your hands, he will
save me eternally in the world to come."
The judge asked: "How do you know
that?"
Thagua replied: " God's holy book tells me
so; and it is true."
The judge replied:'Yes, you teach the
people this book, and because you are talented and cunning, the white men come and take
our country."
Then the judge himself fell upon him, mad
with rage, and beat him with the elbow severely. Then hooked him with five pairs of
hooks, and ordered him back to prison.




264   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Three cays after the judge again dragged
up Thagua and said: "Your God, you say,
can save you. Read his book before me now."
Thagua replied: " Though I read, you will
not believe, but persecute me still. But the
eternal God, my Judge and your Judge-the
Lord Jesus Christ-he will save me."
"Command him then to save you from my
hands now," said the Burman.
The chief judge then beat him with a cudgel as large as his wrist thirty blows, then
ordered him back to prison with very little
rice.
Two days after Kala went to this judge,
and Thagua asked him: " My lord, what do
you?"
" Kill you every one," he replied, and kicked
him as a horse kicks.
Then said Thagua: " We cannot live," and
droppedhis head.
Then said Kala to the judge: "Kill these
men, and I will give you a viss of silver."
"If I kill them, I cannot endure the pun-'
ishment," said the judge; but he took the
silver.
A day or two after, Kala went and gave him




MARTYR~DOM1  OF THAGUA.    265
fifty rupees more; but the judge said: "If
you will marry your daughter to my son, I
will kill them."
Then Kala replied: " Brother, I will marry
them."
Then the judge said: "If I do not destroy
them, the white people will come and take
our lands, and kill us every oiie."
Then he scourged Pastor Thagua three
times..Thagua said: "If because I worship God
you torture me, kill me at once, I entreat
you."
Then they took him, struck him sixty times,
fastened him to a cross, shot him, and cut him
in three pieces.
Is not this a sad story? Do you not wish
that the white foreigners would indeed come,
and set the persecuted Christians free? They
were comnig; but we must go back a little in
the story, to the time when Dr. Judson left
Rangoon and returned to Maulmain.
31




2,6  TTHE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER  XXVII.
PR. JUDSON'S FAST YOYAGE.
Y    HE clay was coming when Rangoon
a     ji Band Bassein, and all Pegu, was to be
W    freed from the cruel oppressors who
now held sway there; but Dr. Judson
was not to remain on earth to see it. His
work here was nearly done. The dictionary
was not complete, but God could provide
some one else to do that; Burmah had not
become a Christian country; but the preaching of the gospel he must quite leave to others now.
One night Dr. Judson arose from bed to
attend to one of the children, who had been
suddenly taken ill. The night was damp and
chilly; he took cold from the exposure, and
the cold brought on fever. He had often suffered from fever before; but this time he was
worse than usual, and the remedies which
were resorted to did not cure him.




DR. JUDSON'S LAST VOYAGE.  267
Mrs. Judson wrote a letter to the children
in America, telling them of their papa's illness; and as this letter is very interesting,
and gives a better account than I could write,
I have copied it for you.
" MY VERY DEAR CHILDREN: I have painful
news to tell you —news that I am sure will
make your hearts ache; but I hope our heavenly Father will help you to bear it. Your
dear papa is very, very ill indeed; so much so
that the best judges fear he will never be better. He began to fail about five months ago,
and has declined so gradually that we were not
fully aware of his danger until lately; but
within a few weeks those who love him have
become very much alarmed.
"In January we went down to Mergui by
the steamer, and when we returned, thought
he was a little better; but he soon failed again.
We next spent a month at Amherst; but he
received but little, if any benefit. Next the
doctors pronounced our house-the one you
used to live in-unhealthy, and we removed
to another. But all was of no use. Your dear
papa continued to fail till suddenly, one even



268    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
ing, his muscular strength gave way, and he
was prostrated on the bed, unable to help
himself. This occurred about two weeks ago.
"The doctor now became alarmed, and said
the only hope for him was in a long voyage. It
was very hard to think of such a thing in his
reduced state, particularly as I could not go
with him; but after we had wept and prayed
over it one day and night, we concluded it was
our duty to use the only means which God
had left us, however painful.
"We immediately engaged his passage
aboard a French bark bound for the 3auritius; but before it sailed he had become so
very low that no one thought it right for him
to go alone. They therefore called a meeting
of the mission, and appointed M/r. Panney,
the superintede nt of the press, to accompany
him. It was a great relief to me, for he is a
very kind man, and loves your dear papa very
much; and he will do every thing that can
be done for his comfort. The officers of the
vessel, too, seemed greatly interested for him,
as did every one else.
" He was carried on board. a week ago yesteclday in a litter, and placed on a nice easy




DR. JUDSON'S LAST VOYAGE.  269
cot made purposely for him. I stayed on
board with him all day, and at dark came
home to stay with the children. The next
day I found that the vessel had only dropped
down a little distance, and so I took a boat
and followred. I expected this would certainly
be the last clay with him; but it was not.
Friday I went again; and though he did not
appear as well as on the previous days, I'was
forced to take, as I then supposed, a final
leave of him.
"But when morning came, I felt as though
I could not live throughout the day without
knowing how he was. So I took a boat again,
and reached the vessel about two o'clock P. M.
He could'not speak, except in whispers, but
seemed very glad that I came. The natives
that I had sent to fan him till he should get
out of the river came to me, and begged to
have him taken ashore again; and   so small
was my hope of his recovery, that my heart
pleaded on their side, though I still thought
it duty to do as the doctor had ordered. I
came away at dark, and though his lips moved
to say some word of farewell, they made no
sound. I hope that you, my dear boys, will




270    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
never have cause to know what a heavy heart
I bore back to my desolate home that night.
"The vessel got out to sea about four o'clock
on Monday, and last night the natives returned, bringing a letter from Mr. Ranney.
Your precious papa had revived again, spoke
aloud, took a little tea and toast, said there
was something animating in the touch of the
sea-breeze, and directed Mr. Ranney to write
to me that he had a strong belief it was the
will of God to restore him again to health. I
feel somewhat encouraged, but dare not hope
too much.
"And now, my dear children, it will be
three, perhaps four long months before we
can hear from our loved one again, and we
shall all be very anxious. All that we can do
is, to commit him to the care of our heavenly
Father; and if we never see him again in this
world, pray that we may be prepared to meet
him in heaven.
"Your most affectionate Mamma,
"E3MILY C. JUDSON."
It was a sad account to send to the poor
children in America, was it not? It was sad,
too, for M3rs. Judson; she would have accoin



DR. JUDSON'S LAST VOYAGE.  271
paniecl her husband, but in truth she too was
ill, and soon after they parted she was so
much worse that it was a good thing she was
not with him, for she could not have done any
thing for him, and wanted nursing herself.
Dr. and Mrs. Judson knew when they parted that they should probably never see, each
other again until they met in heaven; and
they had talked together about it, with aching
hearts indeed, but without fear.  One day
Mrs. Judson said to her husband-it was a
little while before he was carried to the ship:
"It is the opinion of most of the missionaries that you will not recover."
"I know it." he answered; "but no man
ever left this world with more inviting prospects, with brighter hopes, or warmer feelings;" and he burst into tears.
But why did he weep? because he feared
death?
"No," he said; "it is not because I shrink
from death that I wish to live; but a few years
would not be missed from my eternity of bliss,
and I can well afford to spare them, both for
your sake, and for the sake of the poor Burmese. I am not tired of my work, neither am




272    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
I tired of the world; yet when Christ calls me
home, I shall go with the gladness of a boy
bounding away from school."
"Then death would not take you by surprise," said Mrs. Judson, "if it should come
even before you could get on board ship?"
"Oh, no," he said; "death will never take
me by surprise-do not be afraid of that. I
feel so strong in Christ. He has not led me
so tenderly thus far to forsake me at the very
gate of heaven. No, no; I am willing to live
a few years longer, if it should be so ordered;
and if otherwise, I am willing and glad to die
now.
The native Christians did not at all like the
thought of their beloved teacher going to sea
so ill as he was, and as you have heard, begged MIrs. Judson to have him brought back
even after he was on board the ship. Ko Eu
was one of those who accompanied him on
board the ship and returned with the pilot.
The captain of the vessel was very kind, and
though he could not speak English, he did all
in his power to show his sympathy for the
sick missionary and his friends. But neither
the kindness of the captain and Mr. Ranney




DR. JUDSON'S LAST VOYAGE.  273
nor the sea-breezes from which so much had
been hoped could do any good.
A week passed away, and then there came
a day when lMr. IRanney and the native servant Panapah stood by Dr. Judson's bedside
to see him die.
The officers on board gathered in sorrow
around the cabin-door and watched the sad
scene-poor Panapah weeping bitterly; Mr.
Ranney by the bedside holding the muchloved hand in his; while the breathing of the
dying missionary grew softer and fainter until
it ceased altogether, and he was gone home to
his Saviour.
His body was buried in the broad, deep
ocean, far away from those who had loved him
on earth. But God's eye knows where his
servant's sleeping dust is lying; and the day
is coming when, at the voice of the Son of
God, "the sea shall give up the dead which
are in it;" and then Dr. Judson, and all those
who have been the means of turning many to
righteousness' here, shall come forth to the
resurrection of the just, and shine as the stars
for ever and ever.
The letter containing the intelligence of
White Fo:teitiirs.  3




274    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
his illness was as yet hardly on its way to
his children in America; and they were happy and all unconscious of their loss for weeks
and months after they were orphans. And not
only they; the ship did not return to Maulmain, but was obliged to continue its course
to the Mauritius; so that in the zayats of
Burmah, and in the homes of the missionaries and of the native Christians, and in that
one home where his presence was most of all
missed, prayers were put up to God cay after
day for his recovery and safe return.
It was three months before Mr. Ranney and
Panapah returned to Maulmain with the intelligence of how soon Dr. Judson's sufferings
had ended. I need not tell you about the
grief felt there, and at all the other mission
stations in Burmah. Mrs. Judson and the
children left, and returned to America as soon
as an opportunity presented itself; she was
far from strong; and now she is in the better land, where the inhabitants no more say
they are sick.




THE DISPENSARY AT RANGOON. 275
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE PISPENSARY AT RANGOON.
~, AT was in the year 1850 that Dr. Jud-,   son died. In 1851 Mr. Kincaid re1t turned from America; and he, with
Dr. Dawson, went to Rangoon, dark
though the prospect was there.
They hoped to gain permission from the
king himself to remain, and then they need
not fear the cruel raywoon. They sent a messenger to Ava, and while he was absent they
determined to do what they could in spite of
the governor.
They took medicines with them, and opened
a dispensary. By this means they tried to do
good to the bodies of those who came to them,
and at the same time took the opportunity of
pointing out to them the way of life-the way
to the great Healer, and to the land in which
which there is no pain. Many people were
very glad to come for medicine, but oh how




276    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
afraid they were of the cruel governor. And
do you wonder, when you recollect that even
in passing by his house they could distinctly
hear the groans of those who were being tortured in the courtyard?
Why he did not at once capture the missionaries I do not know. Perhaps he thought
that as this messenger was gone to Ava, he
had better wait until the king sent a reply to
their request; perhaps, too, he saw they were
known to a great many foreigners in the town;
and as already, there was some reason to fear
that his cruelties to English subjects had come
to the ears of the English governors of India,
he might have felt afraid of the consequences
if more provocation was given.
He did all he could, however, to hinder and
annoy them. Though not in prison, Mr. Kincaid was declared a prisoner, and was forbidden to walk beyond his own house without a
Burmese officer to go with him, to watch
where he went and listen to what he said.
This must have been very uncomfortable, and
I should think that Mr. Kincaid stopped at
home a good deal.
In a month or two, however, a message




THE DISPENSARY AT RANGOON. 277
came from the king-a very kind and polite
message, bidding them welcome to Rangoon,
and saying he hoped they would remain. The
governor then dared not interfere very much,
and the people were no more afraid to visit
the mission house.  The Karen Christians
flocked in from the country round, and sad
tales of persecution and cruelty they broughttales like that -one I have given you of the
martyrdom of Thagua, the Bassein pastor.
It was about this time he was put to death.
The hearts of the missionaries were filled with
grief on account of the sufferings of the people, and they prayed constantly that brighter
days might soon dawn.
One day one of the chief pongyees called
at the mission house with some young priests,
his pupils. Ko Eu, who was with the missionaries, was about to preach a sermon when
this priest arrived. He was asked to sit down
with the other people and listen to what was
said. He answered that he did not wish to
do so, but said that if Dr. Dawson would
allow his pupils to remain, he would wait for
them below. A Bible was handed to him,
and while the young men listened to Ko




278    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Eu, their teacher sat clown and read God's
word.
When the service was over, Dr. Dawson
went down to speak to the pongyee. He had
been so much interested in his book that he
asked permission to keep it. The missionaries had been forbidden by the governor to
give away books; and Dr. Dawson was sorry
to say he could not grant the request. He
told his visitor that he was welcome to sit
and read as long as he pleased. A volume
of tracts was lying on a mat near the priest,
which he also looked at, and this he asked to
borrow, as there were some things in it he
wished to copy.
"Certainly," Dr. Dawson said; "it was a
pleasure to lend the book."
The pongyee appeared much gratified; he
rolled the book carefully in a handkerchief,
and handed it to one of the attendants to
carryhome for him. Then he politely asked Dr.
Dawson to visit his kyoung, and took his leave.
Shortly after Dr. Dawson did pay a visit to
a kyoung, in order to see a priest who was ill.
One of the young men was sent to the mission house to conduct him. Their road lay




THE DISPENSARY AT RANGOON. 279
round the base of the great Shway Dagon
pagoda-the same way that Dr. and Mrs.
Judson had been in the habit of going every
morning so many years before, when they
used to bathe in the reservoir, until the order
came to prevent their taking that road. Dr.
Dawson passed those tanks of water, and
walked on into a beautiful grove of treesjack, mango, and palm.
In this grove the kyoung was situated. Dr.
Dawson ascended the steps and entered a
large hall. At the farther end, upon a cushion,
sat the sick pongyee. Behind him was a
screen, which hid from view a number of
idols, tiny pagodas, and gilt boxes containing
sacred books and other things of that kind.
When the pongyee had described his symptoms to the doctor, and had been advised
what to do for his health, he asked a great
many questions about the cities and towns,
the manners and customs of the people in the
"big island of America."  Dr. Dawson tried
to explain to him that America was not an
island, but a continent, and told him what a'
continent was.
The priest was very interested in all that




280    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
he heard, and was particularly pleased when
Dr. Dawson told him what a hospital was,
and described to him the large, clean rooms,
with their rows of neat, comfortable beds. It
was quite new to him to hear how carefully
the sick were tended, of the skilifl doctors
who daily visited them, the kind and watchful
nurses who waited upon them, the visitors who
came to comfort and cheer them, and how
many of them, instead of dying from want of
care, recovered their health and strength, and
returned home able to work and provide for
themselves again.
The pongyee saw there was a great difference between America and his own country.
"But," said he, "after all, our religion is not
so very different from yours."
"Not different! Oh, yes," answered Dr.
Dawson; "there is all the difference in the
world; as much difference as there is between
midday and midnight. Why, how many gods
have you?"
"A great many."
"Your books say there are twenty-eight."
"Yes, we have a great many, but not so
many as the Brahmins; they have millions."




THE DISPENSARY AT RANGOON. 281
"And where are all your gods?"
"Some are in other worlds, some are gone
to nigban." That is, gone out of existence
altogether.
"And how many gods have you had in this
world?"
" We have had four already, and one is yet
to come."
"Well, the Christian religion teaches us
that there is but one God, who is without beginning or end. He is never sick, and can
never grow old nor die as your gods do. Are
you the head of this kyoung?"
"Yes."
"And the young men obey you?"
"Yes."
"But suppose the college had fifty heads,
what then?  You would tell your pupils to
do one thing, another pongyee would tell
them to do something else, until they might
be told to do fifty different things at once.
How would you get on?"
" That would be a bad business; we should
be all in confusion."
The pongyee saw that not only a college,
but a world, governed in this way, would be
36




282    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
very badly governed; but he did not like to
say any thing more about it; he still wished to
believe in his many gods.
" Our rule," he said, is this: " Do good, and
you will get good; do evil, and you will get
evil. We ought to feed the poor, to give medicines to the sick, to build kyoungs for the
priests, and to make offerings in our temples.
If we do this, we shall receive honor from the
gods."
" Christ's religion," replied Dr. Dawson,
"teaches us also to do good; but it teaches
us too that we are his servants, and must
obey him.  If a servant obeys his master,
who has the honor?"
"The master," answered the priest; "for
it is only the duty of the servant; there is no
praise due to him."
"So when we do what Christ bids us, the
honor is his, not ours. He tells us to do all
to his glory, and when we have done all, to
say,' We are unprofitable servants; we have
done that which is our duty to do.' There is
a great difference in all this between our religion and yours."
In this way the missionaries talked, even




THE DISPENSARY AT RANGOON. 283
with the priests. Dr. Dawson at length rose,
and bidding farewell to his patient, returned
home through the mango grove and around
the base of the great pagoda. No doubt as
he went he prayed the prayer that Jesus
taught us: "Thy kingdom come. Thy will
be done: as in heaven, so on earth."  It is
in fact a prayer that all men may become the
servants of God; and it is a prayer that will
be most surely answered, for God has promised it.




284    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER XXIX.
SOW  THE  PERSECUTIONS  IN  PEGU
WERE ENDED BY ITS  ANNEXATION
TO PRITISH JNDIA.
q1  NE  Sunday afternoon at the end of
)  the month of November, 1851, a re9  port spread through the town of Rangoon that an English steamer was
coming up the river, and that three men-ofwar were waiting at the mouth. The very
possibility of such a thing alarmed the wicked raywoon; and he sent off, one after the
other, two boats full of men to look for the
ships, and see if the report was really true.
He had cause enough to be alarmed, for he
knew that not only had he ill-used the subjects of the king of Burmah, but that many
English and other foreigners had been most
cruelly treated, and some had even been put
to death by him. By-and-by the boats were
seen returning. Crowds of people waited for




PERSECUTIONS ENDED.          285
them on the river banks. Was the report
true?  Were there really English war-ships
in the river? Yes; the messengers had seen
two armed steamers measuring the waters in
the river, and putting down buoys.  They
were not alone, but were towing up a warship with fifty guns.
The town was thrown into a great excitement by this confirmation of the report. The
raywoon despatched messengers to inform the
king, and began at once to collect soldiers and
arm them as well as he could. He had nothing better than rusty old muskets to give
them, however; and the large guns in the
town were not worth much.  Such cannon
as there were were taken up to the Shway
Dagon height, and men were busy dragging
them up the greater part of the night. This
pagoda hill was turned into a kind of fortress;
and here any one who had treasures to preserve carried them for safety. The wicked
governor did not know what to do; he seemed to be at his wit's end. He declared that
if the English attempted to land he would at
once set fire to the town, and kill all the foreigners who lived in it; and he gave orders




286    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
that any one, whether foreigner or native,
who went to the river bank, should be beheaded.
The missionaries, as they dared not go to
the shore, watched the approach of the vessels from the roof of their house, from which
they could very well see the broad Irrawadi.
They saw a boat put off from one of the steamers and come to the shore. Commodore Lambert, who was in command of the expedition,
had sent a message to the governor. It was
only a message to ask at what time to-morrow it would be convenient to the governor
to receive a communication from the commodore. So frightened was the governor, and
so anxious to put off the evil day, that he sent
back an answer to the effect that to-morrow
would not be convenient at all; the commodore must wait till the next day. The commodore was quite willing to wait; so all day
Wednesday, as on Monday and Tuesday, the
preparations for defending Rangoon were continued.
While Commodore Lambert waited the raywoon's convenience, he sent Captain Latter to
ask Mr. Kincaid to come to him. Mr. Kin



PERSECUTIONS ENDED.          287
caid was not sorry to go; and for two hours
he talked with the commodore of all the cruelties which the wretched governor had perpetrated. The expedition had been sent to
make inquiries about two Englishmen —Captain Shepherd and Captain Lewis; for the
governor-general of India had heard that
they had been ill-treated in Rangoon. But
now the commodore heard of many, many
more Englishmen who had been imprisoned
and tortured and put in irons, while two, one
of them a woman, had even been tortured to
death. The commodore became very angry
as he listened to Mr. Kincaid's account.
"Why have not these facts been sent to
the governor of India?" he asked.
"Every one has been afraid," answered Mr.
Kincaid; "for they well knew that had the
raywoon heard that a complaint had been
made, there would have been ten times as
many persons tortured, and ten times as much
cruelty done, before ever the Indian government could have sent us help."
Two English merchants were also questioned by Commodore Lambert; and they
also told of most frightful cruelties, and




288    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
proved the truth of what Mr. Kincaid had
said.
On Thursday morning four officers were
sent on shore with a letter to the governor.
The governor was more frightened than ever
when he received and read it. He sent at
once for Mr. Kincaid. There he sat shaking
all over, his face pale and scared, and his
voice so trembling he could hardly speak.
As he could not read English, the commodore had sent him, with the letter, a translation in Burmese. He showed the letter and
the translation to Mr. Kincaid.
"Is this translation right?" he asked.
"Yes," answered Mr. Kincaid, looking at
it, "it is quite correct."
"'What does it mean?" said the governor.
"The letter accuses me of being a bad man,
and of committing outrages against the subjects of the queen of England-and yet it
does not say what I have done. Tell me
what to do."
"I really cannot tell you what to do," replied Mr. Kincaid.
"Don't say so," implored the wretched
man.  "You have more books and maps




PERSECUTIONS ENDED.           289
than any one else in the town. You know
what the English want. Tell me what to do."
"Well," said Mr. Kincaid, "if you do not
know what the English want, write a letter to
Commodore Lambert, and ask him what he
means."
This idea seemed to please the governor.
" But," he continued, "tell me, have the English come for peace or for war?"
"They certainly have not come for war, or
else instead of two or three ships they would
have sent twenty or thirty."
The governor wrote his letter; and as days
passed on and no attack was made on the
town, though the ships still remained there
at anchor, he became less frightened.
Still he collected his troops, and made every preparation he could for fighting.  He
soon had ten thousand men gathered together; and a very celebrated and desperate robber chief came into the town with all his band
to assist the governor. The presence of these
soldiers made the town very uncomfortable
indeed. They were not orderly troops, as
ours are, all under command and obeying
their officers. They roamed about much as
White Foreigners.  37




290    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
they liked; and as many of them were accustomed to rob and murder, and were very bold
robbers too, you can understand that a great
amount of mischief was done by them. They
spent their time in plundering the people they
ought to have protected, and in ill-using and
threatening the Christians. The inhabitants
of Rangoon became afraid to sleep in their
houses, lest they should be murdered in the
night, and for safety hid themselves in all
kinds of corners and outhouses. The Burmese officers threatened the Karen Christians
especially, and told them that if the English
landed and a battle took place, they should
be placed in the forefront and shot down
first.
Commodore Lambert advised the missionaries, and those foreigners who were able, to
leave the town at once, and come on board a
merchant vessel which was lying in the river.
Mrs. Kincaid and Mrs. Dawson, with the children, did this; but their husbands thought it
right to remain on shore as long as they could,
and attend to the sick people who came to
the dispensary.
One evening, as Mr. Kincaid was walking




PERSECUTIONS ENDED.          291
in the public street, he was seized by a party
of Burmese, and violently dragged into a narrow dark lane, where fifty armed men were
lying in wait.
"What do you want with me?" asked Mr.
Kincaid; and he reminded them how Commodore Lambert was sure to attack the town
if he were ill-treated.
They said he must go with them to the government house. He insisted that they should
take him to the customhouse instead; and
after a long altercation they did as he bade
them. At the customhouse the men were at
once ordered to release their prisoner. Mr.
Kincaid says that he cannot tell how he managed to get his own way, or how it was that
they did not kill him. He must have been
very courageous and bold; and there was the
Friend above fighting for him, and turning
these violent men as He would.
On New Year's day a message arrived from
the king. He made great professions of goodwill, and said that the governor, who had
done so much wrong, should at once be dismissed, and a new viceroy should come to
take his place.




292    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
In a few days the new governor arrived.
He came clown the river with twenty or thirty
war-boats, all filled with armed men. Three
or four hundred of the king's own troops accompanied him from Ava, and many more
had joined him on his way down. This did
not look much like peace.
When the royal barge, in which was the
viceroy, reached the wharf, he was welcomed
by the people with great respect. Carpets
were spread for him to walk upon, and the
carriage in which he was conveyed to his
house was drawn by men, while long lines of
soldiers in their smartest dresses lined the
streets through which he passed.  At the
government house a party of Brahmins, each
man bearing in his hand a horn of plenty,
welcomed and blessed him  as he entered.
Hundreds of the people flocked up during
the day with food and fruit for his followers.
They had been compelled to supply the servants of the former governor, and supposed
they must do the same still. Their offerings,
however, were refused; "For," said the viceroy, "the people are poor and in trouble;
they cannot afford to give."  This was very




P.ERSECUTIONS ENDED.         293
true, and the new governor won many friends
by this kindness and consideration.
The new viceroy had been appointed to the
charge not only of Rangoon, but of all the
lower provinces of Burmah, from Prome to
Martaban.  Two or three days passed by,
and he took no notice of Commodore Lambert and the English ships, except, indeed,
that he forbade any one to go from the shore
to the ships.
The commnodore sent four officers to visit
the governor, carrying with them a letter to
his excellency. It was noon when they arrived, and very hot. They were not at once
asked into the house, but after several messengers had passed backward and forward,
they were informed that the governor was
asleep, and could not see them.
"But may we not come in and wait until
he wakes?" asked the officers.
"No," was the answer; " you may not come
in; if you like to wait, you can walk up and
down outside."
This was extremely rude; indeed, it was
only another way of saying: "We will have
nothing to do with you."  You may be very




294    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
sure the English officers did not walk up and
down outside in the scorching sun; they
returned at once to the ship, and informed
their commander of the insult they had received.
The commodore was very angry; and as it
was evident that the professions of good-will
had only been made in order to gain time, he
determined to wait peaceably no longer, but
to show the Burmese that they might expect
war if they persisted in ill-treating English
subjects.
He sent boats to the shore to bring away
all the foreigners who wished for protection,
and allowed them only two hours in which to
pack up and come away. They came as fast
as possible, and brought away whatever they
could, but a great many of their things were
left behind. However, the loss of their furniture and goods was of little consequence compared with the imprisonment that would be
sure to overtake them if they remained longer;
and some of them had already sent part of
their possessions to the ships.
There was lying in the river a ship of the
king's, called "Ya-thee-nah-yai-moon," which




PERSECUTIONS ENDED.           295
in English means, "The most precious jewel
of the ocean."  This ship the commodore and
his officers agreed to take, in order to show
their displeasure.  In the night they captured it, without a single shot being fired;
and it was towed down the river by the steamer " Hermes."
The next morning the ships prepared to
move down the river; but the frigate "Fox"
unfortunately ran upon a sand-bank, and was
there obliged to wait until the rising tide
floated her again. While there, the governor of Dalla, which is on the opposite side of
the river to Rangoon, came on board to beg
for peace and forgiveness for the viceroy.
Commodore Lambert replied that he would
think about it, if the viceroy would come to
the frigate and apologize for his rudeness to
the officers. When the viceroy was asked to
do this, however, he refused.
The ships moved down the river with the
king's vessel in tow. I suppose the viceroy
was afraid his royal master would not be
pleased to hear that his "precious jewel"
had been taken by the English; for he sent
a letter to the commodore to say that the




296    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
officers were intoxicated when they called
upon him, and that was the reason he would
not allow them to come in.
This letter was almost immediately followed
by a second, with a threat that if "the jewel"
were not at once given up, he should order
his soldiers to fire on the ships. The commodore replied, he was sorry to hear this.
He did not intend making any attack; but if
so much as a pistol were fired at the ships he
would open the guns and fire back.
A few miles down the river there were some
fortifications.  Here the governor sent his
troops to await the arrival of the ships; and
the people of the villages around were ordered to arm and be prepared to seize the "Yathee-nal-yai-moon" as it passed.
When the vessels approached the stockades, affairs looked very warlike.  Behind
the fortifications were men in considerable
numbers and guns ready to open fire; while
moving about the river were war-boats, in
which stood Burmese soldiers singing warsongs and dancing and capering about.
As the " Hermes," with the "precious jewel"
in tow, appeared opposite the stockade, it was




PERSECUTIONS ENDED.         297
greeted with a flash and a report from the
shore. Immediately the guns of the "Fox"
answered, and for two hours a battle was carried on. At one time, through the smoke and
confusion, the Burmese boatmen were seen
clinging to the sides of their boats, and trying to protect themselves from the ball and
shot by keeping all but their heads under
water. Soon they left their boats and rushed
up the bank to escape. Many were struck
cdown in their flight, and the banks were covered with the dead and dying.
At the end of two hours the firing ceased
from the shore; then, too, the ships in the
river left off firing; and as the smoke rolled
off there were seen the war-boats in which
the gay warriors had sung so short a time
before deserted and sinking or drifting away.
The cannon on shore, too, were deserted;
the men who had manned them were either
lying by them dead or had run away. There
had- been terrible slaughter among the poor
Burmese. In those two hours not less than
three hundred had been killed.  But the
English were all safe; not one had even a
wound; a few musket-balls had indeed hit
38




298    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
the "Fox," but she had received no serious
injury.
When intelligence of this battle reached
the viceroy, he sent messengers with a flag of
truce, and a petition from the foreigners imprisoned in Rangoon, in which it was stated
that the governor would be willing to make
peace on any terms. But it was too late for
peace now; an account of the whole affair
had-been sent to the governor-general of India, and it would remain with him to decide
what was to be done.
The missionaries, of course, could not return
to Rangoon at present. They went to Maulmain to wait the issue of affairs.
The goyernor-general, when he received
Commodore Lambert's despatches, at once
declared war against the Burmese empire;
and at the beginning of April an English fleet
arrived at the mouths of the Irrawadi. The
first place captured was Martaban, which you
will find near to Maulmain. Then the fleet
sailed up the river and attacked Rangoon.
For four days the inhabitants fought with
great courage, but it was all in vain; on
April 14,1852, Rangoon fell into the hands




PERSECUTIONS ENDED.          299
of the English, and the rule of the viceroys
was at an end for ever.
Mr. Kincaid had come up the river with
the fleet, and landed as soon as possible after
the city was taken. What a glad welcome he
received! How the Christians, Burmese and
Karens, flocked around him! From the jungles and hiding-places in which they had
concealed themselves they came now, without
fear of molestation, to rejoice in their own
deliverance and at the sight of their kind
teacher. Dr. Dawson and Mr. and Mrs. Vinton soon followed Mr. Kincaid to Rangoon.
In August the governor-general of India,
Lord Dalhousie, himself came to Rangoon to
arrange the terms of peace with the king.
He saw Mr. Kincaid, and inquired about the
beginning of the war, and about the dispensary and the Christians-how many Christians there were, and how much good was
done by the dispensary. He gave Mr. Kincaid two hundred and fifty rupees for the dispensary, which was again opened, and told
him that he hoped affairs might be arranged
so as to make the people much happier in
future. Before the year ended a proclamation




300   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
was issued, declaring that Rangoon and the
country around belonged no more to the king
of Ava; but that the whole of Pegu, from
Maulmain to Arracan, from  the seacoast
inland to Prome, should be in future part of
the empire of British India.




THE GOSPEL SPREADING.    301
CHAPTER XXX.
THE JOSPEL SPREADING IN RANGOON
AND THE JOUNTRY AROUND.
j    T was in the year 1852 that Pegu was.
/  taken from the king of Burmah and
(,, made part of the dominions of the
queen of England. Most of the people were very glad on account of the change
of government, for they were quite tired of
the oppressions practised by their native
rulers, and hoped. that now brighter days
would dawn.  To the Karens especially it
was a very happy change. One old man exclaimed: "Oh, how I wish I could see the
queen of England! how I would worship
her!"
As soon as Pegu was freed from its tyrant
rulers, the American missionaries in Burmah
met together at Maulmain to decide who
should go to Rangoon and the other towns
now open to them.  It was arranged that




302    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
missionaries should be stationed at Rangoon,
Bassein, Tounghoo, Shwaygheen, Henthada,
and Prome, at all which places many of those
who had been idclolaters were eagerly longing
for teachers.
After the meeting at Maulmain, the missionaries at Rangoon were joined by MIr. and
Mrs. Ingalls, who hadi for some years been
stationed at Akyab.  Very interesting accounts Mrs. Ingalls has sent home from Rangoon, but I must only give you the story of
one man; it is in MIrs. Ingall's own words:'It was noondclay. The sun was pouring
down its scorching rays, making it one of the
hot days of Burmah. The poor Burman dog
had dug his bed under the shadow of a shrub
or beneath the ladder steps. The house-cat
had left her wonted sunny bed, and sought a
resting place close by the water-jar; and most
of the natives had sought a shelter from the
rays of the scorching sun. Even the parrotbird drooped its green wings, and clung to
the very bottom of his cage for a shadow.
"At this hour a Burman of about thirtyfive years of age might have been seen slowly
plodding hIris way to the city. For a turban




THE GOSPEL SPREADING.    303
he wore some four yards of the finest bookmuslin. His jacket was of jaconet; and a
piece of fine blue plaided silk was wound
round his body and limbs, and was fastened
in front by a loose knot, allowing the ends to
hang down in a graceful fold. His feet were
encased in green sandals, and he carried over
his head a leaf-umbrella. His outer appearance was that of a respectable Burman. He
walked slowly along, seemingly unconscious
of the excessive heat, though he was evidently suffering from it. He scarcely raised
his eyes from beneath his knitted brow, and
only paused a moment at the door of a hovel
to relight his cigar ere he entered the town.
"He passed on; but suddenly his footsteps
were arrested by the hand of a familiar friend
beckoning him to enter the zayat in which he
was sitting.  He hesitated a moment, and
turning round, gazed at the poor bamboo
hovels which he had just passed; and then,
turning again, he ran his eye along the group
of zayats and monasteries, and then lifting
his eye to their graduated roofs, with their
curious carvings and glittering spires, gazed
on the golden pagoda in the centre and the




304    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
tall flagstaffs interspersed here and there,
from which float the long gauze streamers
which point the people to the holy place.
The Burman seemed lost in thought as he
compared the wretched bamboo hovels and
the splendor of the scene before him, and the
call of his friend was unheeded.
"'Why do you not come and visit us?
Are you becoming Jesus Christ's man?'
"The last words struck upon his ear, and
he turned his feet to the zayat, assuring his
friend he was not Jesus Christ's man. The
yellow-robed priests in the zayat relighted
their cigars, which had wasted from their
long slumbers, adjusted their pillows, and
with their strings of black beads, which answer the purpose of rosaries, placed themselves in the attitude of listeners.
"The old Burman pushed the cup of water
to the traveller, Moung Shway Pau, and then
began his inquiries of' Where have you been?
Do you think the white foreigners will drive
us from our home? Why have you not attended our feasts and made offerings to our
gods of late?'
"'The bells are falling from the pagoda,'




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~~~~1   i ~~~~~~~~~~~I',i,''..?',t/~'i?
/                                        \ -       /4""'
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ti'~xI,?ii     ___::,,~
espoke d  i  n d    ldi
W -; Foie     39.~i   i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
IN,
THIE PRIE ST'S APPEA.L.
answered 5A{oung Shway Pau, dissembling as
he spoke,'and it-needs regilding. The peoWhite Poreiguers.   




306    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
pie are getting slack, I fear-becoming heretics; for I hear the American teachers are
daily receiving the calls of many of our people, and I often see them with those little
books. One of the heretics passed here a
few days since with a large bundle of tracts,
and pressed me to take one; but I quickly
told him I would not soil my hands with one
of them. He attempted to leave one; but I
told him I would make kites for the children
of it; so he left, saying his God could open
my heart without books.'
" Seven or eight of the priests had jealously
watched the countenance of Moung Shway
Pau, and conjectured that he knew more of
those books than he admitted; so they drew
near, and in their sacred language expatiated
long on the beauties of their religion. They
pressed him to seek for merit, and told him
if he would only replace one of those soiled
book-muslin streamers which floated on the
breeze he would get great merit. As many
times as it floated on the breeze, so many
times he would be king of the earth.
"He could not conceal his contempt for
this folly, and told them:'Yes, it was only




THE GOSPEL SPREADING.    307
the natural course of things; if he hung his
head-dress on the staff it would float, if there
was any breeze.' Then adjusting his silken
garment, and carefully concealing a small
book which he had in the fold, he left; and a
half hour's walk brought him to his abode.
" His sister unrolled a mat for him, and his
nephew, a boy six years old, with a good share
of the milk of human kindness beaming from
his eye, stumbled over the mat, spilling the
cup of water which he was wishing to give
his uncle.
"A smile lit up the face of Moung Shway
Pau as he picked up the little boy; but his
brow instantly became knitted, and throwing
himself upon his mat, he pressed his aching
head, and sighed deeply. His sister, Mah
Doke, brought in her vegetables, and began
dressing them for the evening meal. As she
glanced at her brother, she saw from the quick
heaving of his bosom that he was troubled,
and throwing down her knife, she was soon at
his side, asking him if he were ill.
"He replied'No' and'Yes' in the same
breath; and then said he did not believe their
god could save them from hell. Their reli



308    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
gion was all give, give; and he saw they could
only receive poverty in return for all their
gifts, and after death go down to hell.'I
wish to worship the God who can save me
from hell.'
"'What!' exclaimed the sister, her eye flashing with shame and anger,'will you leave the
religion of your forefathers for that of the foreigners? Will you bring shame and disgrace
upon your sister?' And she returned to her
cooking.
" Moung Shway Pau now drew from the
folds of his dress a small book, which he carefully opened, and began perusing with eagerness. It was the gospel of Luke; and he
read:'Whosoever shall be ashamed of me
and of my words, of him shall the Son of
man be ashamed, when he shall come in his
own glory, and in his Father's, and of the
holy angels.'
"The tears rushed to his eyes, and he
smote his breast vehemently, saying:'I denied thee-was ashamed of thee at the kyoung-and I must go down to hell. I believe,
O God, thou art the only true God; yet I
denied thee there.'




THE GOSPEL SPREADING.    309
" Moung Shway Pau sought his mat; but it
was not to sleep-his mind was too busy with
the past and present. His sins rose up before him as a thick cloud, and he groaned
and wept in the bitterness of his soul, crying:' God be merciful to me a sinner!' He spent
the night in deep repentance before God, and
only closed his eyes just as the sun began to
shed its first feeble rays of light.
"He was, however, soon aroused from his
slumbers by the shouts of the people and the'tramp of multitudes. It was the waning of
the moon, the day of worship for the followers of Gaudama.  Business had been suspended, and young and old were busy in paying homage at the temples of Gaudama, and
presenting offerings of rice and fruit and flowers. The people were dressed in their best
attire, loaded with yellow cotton cloth and
silk. Every now and then were borne upon
the shoulders of men small trees with hundreds of branches, from which hung handkerchiefs, pillows, mats, umbrellas, cups, flowers, fruits, and candles -offerings for the
priests-the whole producing a bright and
gorgeous scene.




310    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
"These clays had been the delight of 3Moung
Shway Pau, and he had been wont to exult
with pride over all this display, when he compared it with the humble worship of the foreigners and the heretics; but now his heart
sickened at the sight.  He had firmly resolved to become a Christian; and as the sun
arose, he hastened to the foreign teachers to
receive instruction, and to tell them of his
wish to worship the eternal God. The teacher's heart beat with joy as he heard the glad
news. The native teachers were called together, and they all sought the mercy-seat.
God was with them, and 3Ioung Shway Pau
became a rejoicing convert."
Mr. Ingalls did not remain many years in
Rlangoon; his heavenly Father called him
away from his work. Mrs. Ingalls, when she
lost her husband, thought of returning to
America with her little girl; but the people
so begged her to remain with them that she
consented. One said: "If you will stay, I
will do any thing for you." Another offered
the posts for a house, and another boards for
the floor. One poor man, who could offer
neither posts nor boards, held up his two




THE GOSPEL SPREADING.    311
brown hands and said: "Here, mamma, is
my gift; they are strong, and can help make
the house, if you will only stay." And she
stayed with these poor, loving, Christian people, in a part of Rangoon called Kemmendine,
and there opened a girls' school, to which
they gladly sent their daughters.
Mr. and Mrs. Vinton had been at Tavoy
before going to Rangoon. At Rangoon they
remained for six years. During that time
they labored with great success. They constantly made tours into the villages around;
and in many of the hamlets little knots of
Christians were formed into churches, while
schools were opened for the children. By the
end of the six years forty-two chapels and
thirty schools were opened; and in the chapels eight or nine thousand persons met every
Sabbath to worship God, while a hundred native Christians had been trained as teachers
and pastors.
This was the account ten years ago, when
Mr. Vinton was called to his rest in heaven.
Now, to-day, those chapels and schools are
full, and are resounding with the praises of
God. More chapels and schools, too, have




312    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
been built; and this not only in Rangoon, but
in other parts of Burmah also.
Mr. Kincaid did not remain at Rangoon;
he went to Prome. In the villages around
Prome many Karens have now become Christians; and where quarrelling and wickedness
prevailed may now be heard the sweet singing of the praises of Jesus, in which men and
women and little children unite.
In 1858 Mr. Kincaid tells us he had the
pleasure of baptizing a young Burman who
had been at the head of one of the kyoungs.
He was a very clever young man, and understood Buddhism better than most Buddhists.
One day a native Christian entered the kyoung, and spoke to this priest about God's
Son who had come from heaven. But instead
of listening, he ordered the man to be turned
out of the house. Not long after, the Christian ventured again to the kyoung, and the
priest was so surprised by his perseverance
and kindness that this time he listened. He
listenec, and wished to hear more. He took
some parts of the New Testament which the
good Christian had given him, and sat down
to read them. He read them againand gain.




THE GOSPEL SPREADING.   313
He told the other priests in the kyoung of
these new truths that he was learning; for
they had taken such possession of his heart
that he felt compelled to speak of them. In
a few months he flung away his yellow robes,
came out of the kyoung, and declared himself
a disciple of Jesus.
The kyoung had been built and was supported by the people of four villages. How
astonished were these villagers to hear their
priest preach to them Jesus! They had called
this man their lord and master, and had constantly brought him offerings of their possessions; but now he read in God's holy word:
"One is your Master, even Christ; and all ye
are brethren;" and he desired that the people around should serve only the Saviour who
had died for him and for them.
40




314    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
CHAPTER XXXI.
PR. AND  NRS. )ASON  REMOVE  TO
TOUNGHOO-SPKETCH OF SAU QUALA.
MA. SON had been laboring at Tay     voy ever since the time of Mr. Boardn man's death in 1831, and one of his
first works had been, the translation of the
Bible into the Karen language.  His first
wife had died, and he had married the widow
of Mr. Bullard, who had been stationed at
Dong-yahn.
Now, in 1853, Dr. and Mrs. Mason left
Tavoy in the care of other missionaries, and
removed to Tounghoo. Tounghoo is an old
city, situated on the river Sittang, but until
it was annexed to the English provinces, at
the close of the war of which you have heard,
no missionary had been there to reside.
There were in the Tounghoo district as many
as thirty thousand Karens, and in the coun



REMIOVAL TO TOUNGIOO.    315
try adjoining not less than two hundred thousand more.
None of these Karens had heard of the
true God, or could read his word; but as
soon as the missionaries arrived, the good
news of the white foreigners with God's
book spread among them and caused great
Joy.
" One day," Mrs. Mason says, "there came
in a tall light-brown chieftain, with large,
melancholy eyes, and an uncommonly pleasing countenance, habited in a striped cotton
tunic, girded around him like a Highland kilt.
His long, black, shaggy hair was half-confined
by a narrow red turban, and a curious-shaped
basket was hung over his back. He carried
a long bamboo spear, which served both for
a weapon and a staff. Eight or ten swarthy
mountaineers, attired like himself, accompanied him.
"'Has God's Son come down from heaven,
lady? A man told us so in the mountains,
and we have come to see him.'
"'Yes, brother; but-'
"'Where is he?' interrupting with eager
eyes.'Is he here? In Rangoon? In Ben



316    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
gala? Tell us quick, lady, for we have come
to see him!'
"'He has come-sit cown, brother —he has
come, but he is not here. He is gone back
to heaven; but-'
"Instantly the tall chieftain turned and
strode away with all his followers.
"'Stop! stop, brother! he has left a letter for you!' I called after him.
" No answer. On he goes, and disappears."
In about a week this chieftain returned,
and heard more of God's Son; but Dr. Mason could not remain to tell the thousands of
Karens the good news they were longing for.
He was ill when he went to Tounghoo, and
though he recovered for a time, the following
year he became so much worse that he was
compelled to leave his mission work and take
a long voyage for the benefit of his health.
He first went to London with his wife, andl
they afterwards visited America together.
It was a trouble to Dr. and Mrs. Mason to
be obliged to leave Tounghoo so soon after
entering upon their work there. But were
the thousands of Karens to be left without a
teacher?  No; in Tavoy was another man, a




SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    317
Karen, who, before Dr. Mason left for England, came gladly to tell his Tounghoo brothers the joyful tidings he had learned.
This man's name was Sau Quala. His parents had lived near Tavoy; but though their
hut was built in a beautiful spot of God's fair
earth, and it might have been a happy home,
their Burmese neighbors had sorely oppressed
and persecuted them.
About the time that their little son was born
they heard that the white foreigners had
come over the water with God's book, and
they called their baby Quala, or hope, because they hoped that happiness would come
to them in his day.
Quala grew up in his father's hut by the
beautiful waterfall; and it was when he was
about fifteen years old that Tavoy was taken
by the English. That was in the first Burmese war, when Dr. Judson was made a prisoner.
One day Quala, with his father and mother,
went into the town. For some reason, they;
were taken to the government house; and this
alarmed them dreadfully. But. the English
governor, instead of ill-treating them, spoke




318   THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
kindly, and gave them presents of money and
a new turban apiece. Kind words and presents were not often given to the Karens; was
the happiness for which they had hoped really
coming?
A year or two after a stranger visited Quala's home. He came with tidings of a God of
love, who would save from sin and death. The
tidings sank down into young Quala's heart,
and he said: "Is not this the very thing we
have been waiting for?"
That stranger was Kothahbyn.  He had
lately come to Tavoy with Mr. Boardman;
and one of the very first houses he entered
was the house of Quala's father.
But though the son believed, the father did
not, and he so violently opposed the young
man that Quala was afraid to go into Tavoy
and hear Mr. Boardman preach. Indeed, so
unkind was his father to him, that at last
poor Quala was tempted to give up the new
religion altogether, and said to himself: "I
will never go to the teacher as long as I live,
and I will pray no more. When the righteous One appears, my father will suffer himself, and I will say:'I did not dare to become




SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    319
a Christian on account of my father."  And
when telling about this sad time, Sau Quala
says: "I felt very unhappy. I wept all day,
and thought I would starve myself to death."
But better thoughts came, and after a time
Sau Quala left his father's house and went to
live with his brother on the other side of the
mountain.
After the rebellion in Tavoy, when Mr.
Boardman returned so ill and weak, Sau
Quala was one of those Karens who came
into the town to see him, and ask to be baptized. Then he remained near the dying missionary; he helped to carry him during that
last journey into the jungle; he was one of
those who lifted him so tenderly into the boat,
and at last conveyed him to the grave.
Sau Quala returned no more to his old forest life. He stayed with Dr. Mason, both in
order to learn from him and to assist him in
his work. For a short time he went to one
of the schools near Maulmain; but this was
only for three months. He came back to Tavoy, and for many years was a great help to
Dr. Mason, not only in preaching the gospel
among the Karens, but also in finding out the




320    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
stories and traditions tley believed, and writing them down. In this way he made books
for his countrymen.
At the end of fifteen years passed in this
manner, Sau Quala was made a pastor, and
took charge of a Karen congregation at a
place called Pyeekhya.
Ten years before this he and Dr. Mason
had, on one occasion, been there together,
and from a hill-top had looked down on the
Karen hamlets lying below them in the valley.
"When," said Dr. Mason, "shall these valleys resound with the songs of the redeemed?"
"Hereafter, teacher, hereafter!" Sau Quala
had answered.
And now at the end of ten years they stood
in the same spot, and saw below them little
chapels and school-houses, and knew that
hundreds of Christians were dwelling there.
"God will do greater things than these,"
said Quala, "until all Burmah worships the
eternal God."
But in a few years more Dr. Mason removed
from Tavoy and went to Tounghoo, and Sau
Quala also left the peaceful valley of Pyeekhya. Dr. and Mrs. Mason were obliged to




SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    321
leave the work at Tounghoo for a time in Sau
Quala's hands; and God blessed this good
and earnest man wonderfully, and showed
him greater things in Tounghoo than had
been seen even in Tavoy.
"Because God has showed me my work,"
says Sau Quala, "I rest not. I go up the
mountains and down the valleys, hither and
thither. One day in one place, one night in
a place, continually. Still I know that I do
the work of God imperfectly, and my heart is
exceeding sad. Some come to me from a
distance, and. reprove me, saying:'Teacher,
thou sayest thou hast come to exhort men,
and thou hast not been to our stream-to
our land. Dost thou not love us?"
Quala did love the Karens.  He loved
them more than money or honor; for Major
Phayre, who had been appointed commissioner of Pegu, asked him to become overseer of the Karens at Tounghoo, and promised him money if he would undertake the
office; but he refused. Sau Quala gave the
following account of his interview with Major
Phayre:
"The commissioner arrived at Tounghoo
White Foreigners.  41




322    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
on the 9th of March, and I went immediately
to visit him. He shook hands with me, and
asked me concerning the different tribes of
Karens; and in respect to their listening
and becoming Christians, and concerning
all the unordained assistants; and finally he
said:
"'Teacher, I have spoken to the government about you, that you should become the
head and overseer among the wild Karens,
for which you shall receive thirty rupees a
month.'
"I replied:'Sir, I cannot do it. I will not
have the money. I will not mix up God's
work with government work.  There are
others to do this thing. Employ them. As
for me, I will continue in the work in which
I have engaged.'
"The commissioner asked:' Where do you
obtain money to live on?  Why do you not
like money? We will give money, and you
may continue your work as a teacher as heretofore. Will it not make it easier for you?'
"I answered:'No, sir. When I eat with
the children of poverty, my heart sleeps (that
is, I am content). I did not leave my dear




SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    323
wife and come up hither in search of silver,
or agreeable food. I came to this land that
its poor benighted inhabitants might be
saved. Be patient with me, sir. Were I to
take your money, the wild Karens would turn
against me.'
"He said to me again:'Well, teacher.
Think of the matter a day or two.'
"So I left him, and I went to the Christian
chief Kwailai, and the Shan who had been
baptized, and I persuaded them to take the
office.
"The next day I visited the commissioner




324    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
again, and presented these two men, as willing to receive the appointment. He agreed
to give them the office; so I am free with
clean hands."
For two years and a half Sau Quala pursued his missionary work at Tounghoo, and
at the end of that time Dr. and Mrs. Mason
returned from America with recruited health.
What a change those years had wrought!
The missionaries had received accounts of
Quala's success, and of the rapid progress of
the work they had commenced; but, when
they arrived at Tounghoo, they were surprised and bewildered at the change they
beheld.
A missionary writing about this time says:
"Three years and a half ago I gazed over
these mountains and plains where the fallen
angels have held supreme power ever since the
days of Noah, wondering if there were any
of the chosen among them. Now our missionary boatman Shapan stands beside me,
pointing to the north, south, east, and west,
and says:
"'Teacheress, among these hills and valleys there are ninety-six churches, ninety-six




SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.          325
chapels, ninety-six Christian schools, and two
thousand six hundred baptized converts.'
" The tidings were perfectly bewilderingmen who, three years before, had never
heard of Jesus!
" Three years ago I looked upon troop after
troop of wild mountaineers, with their short
striped gowns and unwashed faces, wondering
if they could be civilized. Now I look upon
a hundred young men and lads, all neatly
dressed, in clean new gowns, and blue trousers, with their hair nicely braided under
tasteful turbans.
" Three years ago I sent to them the first
book they ever saw in their own tongue.
Yesterday, I sat in the midst of twenty young
preachers, fine intelligent youths, all following the speaker with open Bibles, turning
from page to page, from paragraph to paragraph with perfect ease and the deepest interest.  I could but exclaim:'What hath
God wrought!'
"Near Tounghoo is a very warlike tribe of
Karens called Bghais, and when Dr. Mason
first settled there, it was a question who
would venture among them as a teacher of




326    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
Christianity. Shapan was asked who should
go.
"'I don't know,' he replied, and sat for
some minutes in deep thought: then looking
up very sadly and timidly, he said:
"'I wish I knew enough to go to the
Bghais.'
"'Perhaps you do; or if not, God can make
you know enough,' Dr. Mason answered."
It was decided that Shapan knew enough,
if he were willing to go. Mrs. Mason reminded him that he would be obliged to
leave his child and his home, and that besides this he would have very little money.
He received fifteen rupees a month as Dr.
Mason's boatman; as a Christian teacher to
the Bghais he would only have four.
"Would you go for that?" Mrs. Mason
asked.
Shapan did not answer; he took up his
Testament and went out. After a time he
returned with a radiant face.
"Well, Shapan," said Dr. Mason; "what
is your decision? Can you go to the Bghais
for four rupees a month?"
"No, teacher," answered Shapan solemn



SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    327
ly; "I could not go for four rupees a month.
But I can do it for Christ."
And for Christ's sake Shapan did go.
But I must not continue these stories. A
most interesting account of the Tounghoo
mission and schools you may read in a book
entitled "Civilizing Mountain Men."
These missions in Burmah, of which you
have been reading, have been supported by
the Christians in America with both money
and prayers: and the Karens, who by thousands have been converted to God, have not
been ungrateful, nor have they forgotten to
what land they were indebted. Now they do
much to support their teachers themselves,
and for many of them no help is asked from
America. I will conclude with a letter that
Sau Quala wrote to the American Christians
after the return of Dr. and Mrs. Mason to
Tounghoo:
"Dear friends, I am Quala, a wild man, a
son of the forest, an uncultivated one, who
neither knows nor understands anything. I
a dark-minded, unworthy one, send you salutation. I am not your equal, yet through the
grace of God I call you brethren.




328    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
"Dear friends, you truly abound in ability,
in patient endurance, in love, in mercy, and
goodness. Behold, my dear friends, had you
not sent the teachers and teacheresses to us
wild men, the sons of the East, living in darkness, we should have gone on to destruction
both in this world and the world to come for
ever.
"Dear friends, the grace that the white
foreigners, the sons of America, have displayed is so much, so great, that it cannot be expressed by words. It is exceedingly great,
for you have saved us from death. Formerly
we knew not God, we had no books, and being destitute of instruction, we knew nothing.
"When you sent the teachers and teacheresses among us, and they told us that God
loved the world so much that he gave us his
Son Jesus Christ, who came and purchased
us by his blood, we became Christians, and
became able to discern between right and
wrong; and when the teachers made us books
our knowledge increased greatly. Still, the
signification, the reason of things, we understood very imperfectly, and we should never
have known had not the teachers and teach



SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    329
eresses taught us, and explained them to us;
because, my clear friends, we are habituated
to darkness, and things of light we understand with great difficulty. Still some make
their ears crooked, will not give attentioi,
and do not believe, but, on the contrary, revile. Pray to God for them, that they may
repent, believe, obtain new hearts, and all
become disciples, like ourselves.
"God has now  displayed his power in
Tounghoo, and many sons of the forest, living in darkness, have believed, and your kindness is great in sending two teachers to help
them. As to myself, being of a race of uncultivated men, I am of no value.
"When I was fifteen years of age, English
white rulers, the sons of the West, reached
this 6ountry of Burmah, and my father and
mother said:'Now happiness has reached the
land! They have come by water. Children,
you have fallen on the time when they arrived.'
After a short interval, the American teacher
Boardman came, when many believed, and I
was baptized. I studied a very long time in
the hands of teacher Mason, and I came to
know and understand the truth as one in a
42




330    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
dream. Still I became a teacher to go about
preaching and administering baptism.
"This was through your kindness, for when
I was studying with teacher Mason, you sent
the money which you gave to teacher Mason.
My relatives were unable to support me, and,
had it not been for your money, I could not
have studied, nor by any means have acquired
the knowledge I have.
"When I think of your kindness I feel as if
I could not extol it sufficiently. Though I
die I will praise your goodness to my children and grandchildren, and the generation
following. I am now growing old, my hair is
gray, my sight dim, and through sickness my
strength has failed, so that I have not the
vigor I had when I studied with teacher
Mason; but my strength in God has not decreased in the least. Pray for me.
"The favor you have shown me, my dear
friends, is exceedingly great. When teacher
Mason and the teacheress returned to America, I told them the things I would like to
have, and they procured the whole of them.
They obtained for me black alpaca two suits,
a white blanket, with many other articles of




SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    331
clothing, and a spy-glass of the very best
kind, besides a large quantity of medicine. I
also received, through your kindness, a cloak
from teacher Cross.
"But, brethren, we have received not worldly things of you merely, we have received
spiritual things also, and can never forget you.
Though I cannot speak with you personally,
yet my love and remembrance of you is uninterrupted, and I hope to be able to converse
with you in the kingdom of God, and associate with you eternally. My dear friends, the
greatest favors you have shown us are sending us teachers and teacheresses, who came
and taught us the word of God, made books
for us, taught us figures, and instructed us in
the things of light.
"Through the power of God, may your
towns and cities, your lands and waters, your
kingdom'and domain, your houses and dwellings, your plans and devices, your works and
deeds be established, increased, and perfected
in goodness, happiness, and light, generation
on generation for ever.
"TEACHER QUALA,
" A SON OF THE FOREST,
"July 26th, 1857."




332    THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
The Karens are still pressing into the kingdom of God. But we-you and I-are we
pressing in also? We, who have been taught
to pray: "Thy kingdom come. Thy will be
done on earth as it is in heaven;" are we
among the children of the kingdom?  Or,
while we pray this prayer, and drop our
pence into the missionary box, are we still
outside? It is a very, very serious question,
and we must, each one of us, answer it for
ourselves.
Listen to what Jesus says: "Strive to enter
in at the strait gate: for many, I say unto
you, will seek to enter in, and shall not be
able. When once the master of the house is
risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye
begin to stand without, and to knock at the
door, saying: Lord, Lord, open unto us.
And he shall answer and say unto you: I
know you not whence ye are. Then shall ye
begin to say: We have eaten and drunk in
thy presence, and thou hast taught in our
streets. But he shall say: I tell you, I know
you not whence ye are; depart from me, all
ye workers of iniquity. There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see




SKETCH OF SAU QUALA.    333
Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the
prophets in the kingdom of God, and you
yourselves thrust out. And they shall come
from the East, and from the West, and from
the North, and from the South, and shall sit
down in the kingdom of God. And behold,
there are last which shall be first, and there
are first which shall be last."
Do you wish to be in God's kingdom and
not thrust out? Jesus says: "Him that cometh unto me, I will in no wise cast out."
ItS is more than eighteen hundred years
since, in the clear, midnight sky, angels sang:
"Fear not; for behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.
For unto you is born this day, in the city of
David, a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.
Glory to God in the highest, on earth peace,
good will toward men."
And now, after eighteen hundred years, the
echo of the angels' song, which has never
quite slumbered, is waking up. From north
to south, from east to west, may be caught
the sounds of that new and heavenly song,
the echo, and explanation, and completion of
what the angels sang: "Thou art worthy,




334 A THE WHITE FOREIGNERS.
for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to
God by thy blood out of every kindred, and
tongue, and people, and nation; and hast
made us unto our God kings and priests, and
we shall reign on the earth."
Let us join in that glad song with all our
hearts.