THE EVERY DAY BOOK OF HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY: EMBRACING THE %,uitrsrits bf icnemrtale ersaons a QDU bes, IN EVERY PERIOD AND STATE OF THE WORLD, FROM THE CREATION TO THE PRESENT TIME. BY JOEL MUNSELL. "What hath this day done What hath it deserved?" NEW YORK: D. APPLETON & CO., 846 BROADWAY. 1858. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1858, BY JOEL MUNSELL, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of New York. PREFACE. The object of this work, as will be seen, is to bring together the great events of each day of the year, in all ages, as far as their dates can be ascertained, and to arrange them chronologically. It has been necessary to observe brevity in its compilation, in order to reduce it within a proper compass. Hence notices of the most eminent men are often confined to two or three lines, while individuals of less note have occasionally received more attention, on account of the absence of ready reference to them in books. The dates are in accordance, it is believed, with the best authorities. Great care has been taken to make them so, and nothing has been inserted for which there was not at least some authority. Occasionally authors have been found to disagree in days, months, and even years, and it has been necessary to reconcile, as well as possible, such discrepancies. Much of this confusion arises from the change in the calendar; some authors following the old, others the new style, without informing us which they adhere to. The protestant countries did not all adopt the new style till 1777, about two centuries after the catholic authorities had reformed the calendar. The Russians still use the Julian era, and are now consequently twelve days behind the true time. With these difficulties in the way, no ordinary vigilance ensures an entire freedom from error in a work like this. The dates here, however, are made to conform to the new style as far as practicable. In some cases where different dates have been given, and it has been found impossible to determine the true one, the article has been inserted under different days with cross references. Repetitions have crept in however, which could only be discovered in preparing the index. Errors of this kind are perpetuated by a succession of authors iv. PREFACE. following a wrong dates and are exceedingly difficult to detect, or when suspected, not easily traced to their origin. When dates have been taken from computations of time other than the Christian era, it should be understood that the corresponding day has been made to conform to our own era, and consequently perfect accuracy can not be claimed for them. It has been said that geography and chronology are the eyes of history; in aiding to promote one of these sciences, the reader will not fail to discover how great and varied is the amount of facts brought together, rendering the work of use to persons of every age and calling. A reference to the index will show more clearly the extent of the work. EVERY DAY BOOK OF HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY. JANUARY 1. ing the faults of his education, which had been purposely neglected, he became a 154 B. c. It was fixed that the Roman wise and politic monarch, who had the consuls should always enter upon their welfare and improvement of his country office on this day, and the years were in mind. Though extensively engaged in named after them On this occasion they wars, he avoided burdening the people went in solemn procession to the Capitol with taxes-was economical, just and Inagto sacrifice to Jupiter Capitolinus; after nanimous. which the senate held a solemn session. 1513. JUAN DIAZ DE SOLIS, coasting the Those who had discharged the office of southern continent, discovered the mouth consul enjoyed the pre-eminence of rank of a river on this day, which in conseover the other senators. They were an- quence he called Rio Janeiro. nually elected by the people till the time 1516. JUAN DIAz DE SOLIS again entered of Tiberius, who ordered that they should the Rio de Solis which he had discovered be chosen by the senate. The last consul three years previous. In attempting a after whom the year was named, was Bar- descent on the country he was slain by silius, in the year 541, in the reign of the natives, who in sight of the ship cut Justinianus. his body in pieces, and roasted and de38. B. C. The Spanish era, or era of voured it. He was reputed the ablest the Caesars, commenced, being the year navigator in the world. following the conquest of Spain by Augus- 1523. Knights of Malta driven from the tus. It was much used in Africa, Spain island of Rhodes by the Turks. and the south of France; but was abo- 1537. JAMES V of Scotland married lished by one kingdom after another Magdalen, daughter of Francis I of France. during the fourteenth century, and by 1617. HENRY GOLTZIUS, a distinguished Portugal 1555. Dutch painter and engraver, died. His 404. TELEMACHUS, or St. Almachus, father was a painter on glass, and gave whose story is the foundation of Fene- his son instructions in the art; but it was lon's famed work Telemaque, suffered his own genius and application that raised martyrdom at Rome. him to the rank he ultimately held among 1109. The Festival of Fools was insti- the best artists of the time. tuted at Paris, and continued prosper- 1618. Charter of the first New Netherous for 240 years. This, with the Lords land company expired by its own limitaof Misrule, and the Abbots of Unreason, tion. was doubtless designed to ridicule the 1618. Birthday of BARTHOLOMEW ESTEDruidic saturnalia. BAN MUBILLO, the greatest of all the 1308. WILLIAM TELL, the Swiss patriot, Spanish painters. He was employed by associated himself on this day with a band the churches and convents of Seville a of his countrymen against the tyranny of great number of years, which were entheir oppressors. riched by the masterly productions of his 1349. EDWARD III, king of England, de- pencil, and procured for himself an indefeated the French before Calais with great. pendent fortune. Having been invited to slaughter. Cadiz, he there executed his grand pic1504. Birthday of CASPER CRUCIGER, an ture of St. Catharine; but just as he was extensive and multifarious scholar, and a about to finish it he was dreadfully follower of Luther. He died 1548. wounded on the scaffolding, and died at 1515. Louis XII of France, surnamed Seville, 1682. the father of the people, died. Notwithstand- 1630. THoMAs IHOBSON, the celebrated 2 10 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 1. carrier of Cambridge, England, died. One of an unusual degree of acerbity and disinthe most general proverbial expressions in genuousness. England originated with him. He let to stu- 1752. The new style commenced this dents and others horses, and his practice day in England by act of parliament. (See was to secure equal portions of rest as well March 25.) as work for each horse. Hence when ap- 1757. Calcutta surrendered to the British plied to for any, none but that which had under Admiral Watson, Colonel Clive and its due proportion of rest could be let. Captain Coote. " This or none" was the answer. Hence 1761. Great hurricane in the East Indies, the phrase " Hobson's choice; this or destroying a phrt of the British fleet; of none." the crews of three of the ships lost but 1644. MICHOB ADER, calling himself the 14 were saved out of 1100. Wandering Jew, appeared at Paris, where 1776. Norfolk Burnt. Lord Dunmore, he created an extraordinary sensation the royal governor of Virginia, having among all ranks. He pretended to have abandoned the town and retired on board lived sixteen hundred years, and that he his ships, became distressed for provisions; had traveled through all regions of the and on the arrival of the Liverpool man world. I-e was visited by the literati of of war, the inhabitants refusing to supply the city, and no one could accost him in his majesty's ships, the place was reduced a language that he was ignorant of; he to ashes. The provincials themselves dewas also familiar with the history of per- stroyed the houses and plantations near sons and events from the time of Christ, the water, to deprive the ships of every so that he was never confounded by intri- resource of supply. cate or cross-questions; but replied readily 1781. Revolt of the Pennsylvania line at and without embarrassment. The learned Morristown, N. J. They had enlisted for looked upon him as a counterfeit, or mad- three years, and that term having expired man, yet they took their leave of him be- they wished to be discharged. wildered and astonished. 1787. ARTHUR MIDDLETON, a signer of 1651. CLIARLES II crowned king of the Declaration of Independence, died. Scotland at Scone. He was a native of South Carolina, born 1661. A parliament met in Scotland. 1743, and educated in England;'and at 1700. The Russians began their new the age of twenty-two made'the tour of year. Europe. On the breaking out of the war 1715. WILLIAM WYCHERLEY died, aged he engaged warmly on the side of the 81, an eminent English dramatic writer colonies. In 1779 he distinguished himand comic poet.. self in the defence of Charleston against 1727. CLAUDE ADRIAN HELVETIUS died; the British, who afterwards ravaged his a celebrated Dutchphysician, who, having plantation and rifled his mansion, by obtained celebrity by introducing the use which he suffered an immense loss of proof ipecacuanha in dysentery, was made perty; and in the following year he was inspector general of military hospitals, and taken prisoner. On the termination of died at London. the contest he returned to his native seat, 1729. Great fog in London, persons lost and spent the remainder of his life in eletheir way in St. James' park, and many gant and philosophical ease-a model of fell into the canal. private wealth and public virtue; a firm 1730. SAMUEL SEWALL, chief justice of patriot and an enlightened philanthropist. the supreme court of Massachusetts died. 1793. A beginning was made upon the 1731. EDWARD CAVE printed the first Pennsylvania state canal, at Conewago number of the well known Gentleman's falls; seventeen rocks being blasted-one liagazine. for each stockholder of the canal com1748. Birthday of GODFREY AUGUSTUS pany. BURGER, a celebrated German poet, and 1794. The French convention abolished the writer of that whimsical satire, Mun- flogging in the army and navy and substichausen's Travels. tuted other punishments more congenial 1748. JOHN BERNOUILL, a Swiss mathe- with the spirit of the times. matician, died. He was born at Basil in 1794. THOMAS PAINE and ANACHARSIS Switzerland, and educated for a merchant, CLOOTS arrested by order of Robespierre but afterwards studied medicine, and and sent to prison in Paris. finally devoted his attention to mathe- 1797. ZEMAUN' SHAH made his triummatics with great success. He was the phal entry into Lahore, the capital of the contemporary of Leibnitz and De L'Hopi- Sikhs, where he formed an army of tal, and of Newton. His labors in the 100,000 men with a view of marching science were indefatigable, and his works upon Delhi. contain an immense mass of discovery. 1798. Athenaeum at Liverpool was But the details of his private life exhibit opened, Jan. 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 11 1799. The French drove the king of 1815. The British under Gen. PackenNaples from his capital and forced him to bam opened a battery of two 18 pounders take refuge on board of a British man of on the Americans at New Orleans; it was war, in which he sailed to Palermo. silenced the same day. The Americans 1801. UnionofGreatBritainwithIreland. had a boat loaded with military stores 1801. Ceres discovered by Piazzi, the sunk; 34 men killed and wounded, and astronomer, at Palermo. two caissons blown up by rockets. Gen 1804. The numerous army which France Thomas joined Gen. Jackson same day had sent against the negroes of Hayti bLe- with 060 men from Baton Rouge. ing compelled by disasters to fly to St. 1816. WILLIAM HILLHOUSE died, aged Domingo, the general and chiefs of the 88; for more than 50 years a member of Haytian army entered into a solemn cornm- the council and legislature of Connecticut. pact, in the name of the people of Iayti; 1817. MARTIN HENRY KLAPROTH, a Gerrenouncing all dependence on France, and man chemist and philosopher, died. He appointed Dessalines, the oldest general, was born at Wernigerode 1743 and folgovernor for life, with very extensive lowed the profession of an apothecary till powers. 1788, when he became chemist to the 1806. The French republican calendar Academy of Sciences at Berlin. abolished, and the Christian era and re- 1817. The new Bank of the United formed calendar restored. States opened at Carpenter's hall, Phila1806. The elector of Wurtemberg pro- delphia; Wm. Jones president, Jonathan claimed king of Swabia, and the elector of Smith cashier. Bavaria king of Bavaria. 1818. WILLIAM HARROD, an eccentric 1807. Curacoa surrendered to the Bri- bookseller in Leicestershire, died. tish under Sir Charles Brisbane. 1823. The French language abolished 1810. There had died in Philadelphia in the law courts of Holland, where it had during the year ending this day 2004 per- long been in use, and was prevalent in sons; the population including the Liber- society. ties was about 100,000. 1825. Great Britain acknowledged the 1810. Married at East HIaddam, Conn., independence of the South American renine young ladies, being all that were publics. marriageable at that time in the town. 1835. CHARLES LAMB died. He was the 1811. Tortosa in Valencia surrendered author of the beautiful stories of Elia, to the French under Suchet, who took which are universally admired. His exnearly 8000 prisoners, 177 cannons, and a quisite humor, fancy, feeling and wit, large quantity of provisions. have given an endurable character to his 1811. Hamburgh formally annexed to essays. The bettering of the condition France. of mankind was his great aim, and he was 1811. Spanish cortes forbid the people in the esteem of every philanthropist. obeying any act of Ferdinand XII, while a 1835. First daily paper in Buffalo, New prisoner of Bonaparte. York. 1813. JEAN MOURTRIE, a Frenchman, 1837. SAMUEL HULSE died at Chelsea died at the age of 115. He was a tile- Hospital, England, of which he had been maker, and continued his occupation to governor since 1820, aged 90. He entered the age of 109. He was a pattern of honor the British army in the year 1761, and at and integrity; his gaiety made the young the time of his death had been upwards of fond of his society; and his mild and three quarters of a century in the military even temper and kind disposition gained service, and was then field marshal. him the love of all who knew him. 1837. Saphet in the Holy Land nearly 1814. Great fog in London, which had destroyed by an earthquake. It is said commenced on the 27th of December, was that this and a subsequent shock were now at its greatest density, extending both predicted by a Walachian almanac seventy miles from the metropolis. Many maker. persons lost their lives by falling into the 1848. Girard college opened with apriver, and canals, and other places. propriate ceremonies at Philadelphia. 1814. The allied army entered France. 1848. The state of Maryland repudiated 1814. American dragoons under Capt. repudiation, and resumed payment of inStone advanced on Buffalo, accompanied terest on her debt at the Chesapeake bank, by Lieuts. Riddle, Totman and Frazer, of Baltimore. the United States regiment; the militia 1852. FrnEDERICK PHEILIPS RoBINSO, an retiring, Totman was killed, and Riddle American officer, died, aged 89; he had narrowly escaped being captured. been scarcely less than 75 years in the 1815. WILLIAM CREECHI, bookseller and military ranks. twice lord provost of Edinburgh, died. 1854. Great fire at Constantinople desHe was a spirited writer. troyed 400 houses; among which were 12 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 2. those of the Greek patriarch, and the 1759. The French surprised and cappatriarch of Jerusalem. tured Frankfort on the Maine. 1766. JAMES EDWARD FRANCIS STUART, the Pretender, died. He was the eldest JANUARY 2. son of James II, born at London 1688. He was five months old when his father 17. TITUS LivIvs died at Padua. His was dethroned, and the royal family fled history of Rome, to which he devoted to France. His elder sister Anne aftertwenty years, rendered him so celebrated, wards came to the throne, and some effort that a Spaniard is said to have gone from was made to secure his own succession; Cadiz to Rome for the purpose merely of but it does not appear that he entered into seeing him. His history was written in the project with much spirit. 140 books, of which only 35 are extant. 1771. LEWIS CASAR, count d'Estrees, Five of these were discovered at Worms marshal of France, and minister of state, 1731, and some fragments are said to have died aged 76. He distinguished himself been since found at Herculaneum. Few in the war against Spain, and afterwards particulars of his life are known, but his in 1741, wherein his bravery was conspifame was great even while he lived, and cuous and his services meritorious. In his history has made him immortal. 1756 he was placed at the head of the 17 PUBLIUS OVIDUs NASO, the Roman French forces in Germany, but was superpoet, died in exile at Tomos (a town on ceded by Richelieu through intrigue. the inhospitable coast of the Black sea), 1774. The coffin of EDWARD I opened aged 60. He exhibited an unconquerable by a deputation from the society of antipredilection for poetry, and the ease and quarians, after it had been buried 467 the enjoyments of life, which his fortune years. In a coffin of yellow stone they found placed within his power. He traveled in the royal body in perfect preservation, enGreece and Asia which added to his ac- closed in two wrappers; one of them was complishients; his works were adapted gold tissue, strongly waxed and fresh; the to the public taste, and he was esteemed other and outermost considerably decayed. by the learned; Horace and Virgil were The corpse was habited in a rich mantle his friends, and he was a welcome visitor of purple lined with white and adorned at the court of Augustus. Until his fiftieth with ornaments of gilt metal, studded with year he appears to have lived almost solely red and blue stones and pearls. Two simifor poetry and pleasure. He might have lar ornaments lay on the hands. The manhoped to pass the remaining years of his life tie was fastened on the right shoulder by in peace, under the shadow of his laurels, a magnificent fibula of the same metal, but lie was suddenly banished by Augus- with the same stones and pearls. His face tus, for some unknown cause. His Meta- had over it a silken covering, so fine, and morphoses, and Adrt of Love are often repub- so closely fitted to it, as to preserve the fealished in our language. He painted nature tures entire. Round his temples was a gilt with a masterly hand, and his genius im- coronet of fleur de lys. In his hands, which parted elegance to vulgarity; but impurity were also entire, were two sceptres of gilt defiles the sweetness of his numbers, and metal; that in the right surmounted by a his finest productions are sullied with cross fleure, that in the left by three cluslicentiousness. ters of oak leaves, and a dove on a globe. 1547. Conspiracy of Genoa, headed by The feet enveloped in the mantle and John Lewis Fiesco; his being drowned other coverings were sound and the toes in the night, occasioned the failure of the distinct. Its length was 6 feet 2 inches. scheme, in the very moment of suc- 1777. Cannonading at Trenton; the cess. British repulsed in their attempt to cross 1604. The Jesuits reinstated in France. Sanpink creek bridge. In the night Gen. 1731. A reprieve sent to a prisoner at Washington retired leaving his fires burnNewgate on condition he would suffer ing. Mr. (Chiselden to make an experiment on 1780. The Dutch admiral, Count Bythe tympanum of his ear. The experi- land, refusing to permit the British adment was never performed. miral, Fielding, to search his convoy, an 1741. JOHN BARBER, printer to the city action ensued, and the Dutch ships, two of London, and the first printer that rose to of the line and two frigates, surrendered; the rank of mayor, died. after detaining seven of the convoy, the 1757. Calcutta retaken by the English Dutch admiral had permission to proceed; and permitted to be fortified by the subah. but he refused without the whole of his 1758. The Whitefield methodists ob- charge, and therefore sailed into Spithead. served this day in thanksgiving for the 1788. Georgia ratified the Constitution victories of the king of Prussia in favor of the United States, without amendment, of England. being the fourth state to do so. Jan. 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 13 1795. JOSIAH WEDGEWOOD, the inventor- teen European and Asiatic languages, and of the scale that bears his name in the at the time of his death had just'comthermometer for determining the different pleted a translation of the Psalms. degrees of metallic heat, died at his resi- 1829. Forty men and thirty horses dedence in England. stroyed by an explosion of fire damp in a 1801. JOHN GASPER CHRISTIAN LAVATER mine near Lyons, France. died. He was born at Zurich, in Switzerland, 1831. BERTHOLD GEORGE NIEBUHR the where his father was a physician of skill historian, died. He was the son of Nieand reputation. In 1763 he traveled in buhr the traveler, born at Copenhagen Germany; in 1767 appeared as a poet; 1777, and finished his education at Edinand in 1769 as a preacher of much popu- burgh. He traveled much and received larity. All his activity was devoted to re- great attention wherever he went. In 1810 ligion until he undertook his work on he delivered his lectures on Roman hisphysiognomy. This great work in 4 vols. tory at Berlin; and in 1815, on the death quarto, in which he had collected the fea- of his father, planned and published his tures of distinguished persons from all biography. hi 1827 he published the first parts of the world, made him known volume of a remodeled edition of his Rothroughout Europe. He published seve- man history; the second volume appeared ral other works, and became so popular a few months before his death, leaving that his journeys resembled triumphs. the third unpublished. On the capture of Zurich by Massena, he 1835. ROBERT HINDMARSH, the most disreceived a shot while assisting the wouilded tinguished among those who supported in the street, which although he lived the religious views of Emanuel Swedenmore than a year, and wrote several works, borg, died at Gravesend. was the cause of his death. 1837. JOHN CUFFEE, a negro slave, died 1809. Two French ships of war and at Nerfolk, Va., at the remarkable age of eleven victualers, proceeding to Barcelona, about 120 years. He was a native of Africa, were captured in the port of Caldagues by was sold as a slave'n the island of Barbathe British under Lord Cochrane. does, and brought to Norfolk about 1740. 1809. Penguin island, at the cape of 1850. GEORGE BLATTERMAN, professor Good Hope, sank, and is now only known of modern languages in the Virginia unito mariners by name. versity, died at Charlottesville. 1810. Orders were received from Paris 1853. A new and stringent law against by Murat, king of Naples, to seize and im- the liberty of the press was published in mediately dispose of all American vessels Spain. and cargoes. 1857. ANDREW URE, author of the Dic1814. Dantzic surrendered to the duke tionary of Arts, died at London, aged 89. of Wurtemberg. 1815. The prince regent of England extended the military order of Bath, and JANUARY 3. divided it into three classes, namely: 1. Knights grand crosses; 2. Knights com- 456. B. C. MYRONIDES the Athenian genemanders; 3. Companions. ral defeated the Bceotians at Enophyta. 1816. Louis BERNARD GUYTON DE MOR- 106. B. C. Birthday of MARCUS TULLIUS VEAU, a French chemist, died. He was born CICERO, the Roman orator. at Dijon 1737, and distinguished himself 1641. JEREMIAH HORROX, an English in 1773 by the invention of the method of astronomer, died. Hae seems to have been purifying the air by means of chlorine. the first to observe the transit of Venus He was an upright, able, eloquent and over the sun's disc, from which he debusiness man; and founded a school at duced many useful observations, though Dijon for the study of his favorite science, not aware of the full importance of that chemistry. He was a member of the na- phenomenon. tional assembly and convention at the 1661. Secretary PEPYS seeing the comedy time of the revolution, and assisted to of the Beggars' Bush performed at Lincoln establish the polytechnic school. Inn Fields, says: " And here the first time 1827. JOHN MASON GOOD, an English that ever I saw women upon the stage." physician, poet and philological writer, 1670. GEORGE MONK, duke of Albedied. At the age of 15 he was apprenticed to marle, died. He entered the British army a surgeon; in 1793 removed to Ilondon, at an early age; and in 1639 was engaged and by talent and perseverance, succeeded in the unfortunate expedition of Charles in establishing both a literary and profes- I against the Scots. He was confined three sional fame. He was a voluminous writer, years in the Tower under the parliament, and the extent and variety of his works during which he wrote a work on military evince the greatest industry, and a reten- and political affairs; but finally accepted tive and orderly mind. He acquired thir- a commission in the republican army 14 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 3. against the Irish, the Scotch and the 1815. British frigate Junon, Capt. C. UpDutch. But at the death of the Protector ton, captured the American privateer Guerhe employed his influence to reinstate the rier, of 4 guns and 60 men, from PortsStuarts. In 1666 he was again employed mouth, N. H. against the son of his old antagonist Tromp, 1844. LEVI HEDGE, author of a treatise in which the English fleet was much dam- on logic and editor of an improved abridgaged, and both claimed the victory. ment of Dr. Brown's Lectures on the Philoso1717. LAMBERT Boss, an eminent Dutch phy of Mind, died at Cambridge, Engphilologist, died. He was born in Fries- land. land 1670; studied under his Tfather who 1847. JOHN SHEPHERD, a soldier of the was a clergyman, became private tutor in revolution, died at Royalton, Ohio, aged a family of rank, and subsequently pro- 119. fessor of Greek in the university of 1853. The Pantheon in Paris reopened Franeker. He was an indefatigible stu- as the church of St. Genevieve. dent, and regretted every moment which could not be devoted to his favorite pursuit. The number and character of his JANUARY 4. works mark his industry. 1724. PHILIP V of Spain abdicated the 100. TITUS, disciple of St. Paul, died at throne in favor of his son Louis; but he Crete. dying the same year, Philip resumed the 1569. Burial of ROGER ASCIIAM, at St. crown again. Sepulchre'is, London. He was a man of 1730. The Turks began to learn the art learning, and author of numerous works, of war and fortification after the European among others, The Schoolmaster. model, from Count Bonneval of France, 1649. Some barrels of gunpowder exwho became a Musselman. ploded and destroyed 60 houses in Tower 1777. Battle of Princeton, N. J., be- street, London. A child in its cradle was tween the British and a division of the found alive and unhurt on the roof of American army. under General Washing- Barking church. ton. The British lost 100 men, and 300 1689. Col. HENRY SLOUGHTER appointed more who had taken refuge in the college, govenor of New York. were forced to surrender. 1698. The palace, except the banqueting 1795. JOSIAH WEDGEWOOD died. His house, of White-hall palace, in England, father was a Staffordshire potter, to whose destroyed by fire. business he succeeded, and soon distin-.1707. Louis WILLIAMr I, marquis of guished himself by his discoveries and im- Baden-Baden, died. He was born at Paris provements, insomuch that in a few years 1655, where his mother wished to eduEngland, instead of importing the finer cate him; but his father and grandfather earthen wares, was enabled to supply her stole him away at the age of three months, neighbors. He was a scientific, as well as that he might pass his childhood among an active and enterprising man-.and be- the people whom he was destined to nevolent withal. govern. He served his first campaign un1797. Three of the large stones in the der Montellucco against Turenne. He was antique pile at Stonehenge in England in Vienna when that city was besieged by fell, the smallest of which weighed 20 the Turks, and subsequently commanded tons. They were loosed, it was supposed, against the Turks in the Danube. He was by the severe frost of that season. one of the greatest generals of his time; 1805. CHARLES TOWNLEY, an English made 26 campaigns, commanded at 25 antiquarian, died. He employed his libe- sieges, fought at 13 battles, yet was never ral fortune in the collection of rare manu- really defeated. scripts and relics of ancient art, and died 1753. The first number of The World at the age of 68, bequeathing his collection appeared, conducted by Coleman, Bonnel, of antiquities to the British Museum. Thornton, Chesterfield, and others. 1805. ALEXANDER WEDDERBURN, lord of 1762. England declared war against Rosslyn, died. He distinguished himself Spain. as a lawyer, and was appointed solicitor 1773. The town meeting of Petersham, generalin 1771, in which officehe is remark- Mass., adopted a kind of manifesto of able for having insulted Franklin in argu- grievances, drafted by Josiah Quincy and ing on American affairs before the privy signed by Sylvanus How. council. He joined the administration 1775. A circular letter from the British under Pitt, in 1793, and succeeded Lord secretary of state was addressed to the Thurlow as chancellor; from which office goverpor of the several colonies, forbidhe retired in 1801, with the title of Earl ding the election of delegates to the conof Rosslyn. He is the author of a work on gress proposed to be held in May. The the management of prisons. order was disregarded, and the country Jan. 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 15 has not been without its annual ses- 1798 the country was invaded by Bonasions of congress since 1774. parte, before whom Ferdinand fled to 1778. The British, under Col. Campbell, Sicily: and afterwards in 1820 the Carbolanded at the mouth of Savannah river, nari effected a revolution which again Ga., and defeated the Americans under banished the royal family. The interpoGen. Robert Howe. They took the city sition of the Austrians, however, restored of Savannah, together with 38 officers, 415 the ancient order of things, which conprivates, 48 cannons, 23 mortars, the fort, tinued till the death of the king, four amunition and stores, the shipping in the years after. river, and a large quantity of provisions. 1827. JAMES CHAMBERS, an eccentric 1781. British ship Courageux, Capt. poet, died in misery at a farm-house in Phipps, captured in one hour the French Stratbroke, England. From the age of 16 to frigate Minerva 32 guns. Minerva had 70 he wandered about the country, gain50 killed, 23 wounded; Courageux 10 ing a precarious subsistence by selling his killed, 7 wounded. own effusions, of which he had a number 1784. Treaty signed between the United printed in a cheap form. His composiStates and Great Britain; by which the tions were mostly suggested to him by his latter relinquished her right to the sov- muse, during the stillness of the night reignty of the revolted colonies. while reposing in some friendly barn or 1789. THOMAS NELSON, a signer of the hay-loft. When so inspired, he would Declaration of Independence, died. lie arise and commit the effusion to paper. was born at York, Va., 1738. His father He continued through life in hopeless was an opulent merchant and sent him to poverty, and was a lonely man and a England for an education. He returned wanderer, who had neither act nor part 1761, and in 1774 had become a states- in the common ways of the world. man of some note. Three years afterwards 1835. Thermometer 40 deg. below zero, he was appointed brigadier general and at Lebanon, N. Y., the mercury becoming commander in chief of the Virginia forces, solid. It was severely cold throughout and in 1781 succeeded Jefferson as gover- the United States. nor of the state. His services elicited the 1843. STEVEN THOMPSON MASON, formerly public thanks of Washington. governor of Michigan, died at New York, 1793. The Alien bill passed in the Bri- aged 31. tish parliament. During the debate on 1845. BENJAMIN RUSSELL, chiefly known this measure the great Burke threw upon as the conductor of the Columbian Centincl, the floor a Sheffield dagger to enforce his died at Boston. oratory. 1849. SAMUEL JENKINS, a negro. died at 1795. The French crossed the Waal near Lancaster, aged 115. He drove his masBoimmel, and took possession of Tiel. ter's provision wagon over the AllegaThey also captured Rosas and 540 of the nies in Braddock's expedition, and was garrison. supposed to be the last survivor of that 1796. Message from Gen. Washington expedition. to congress, accompanied by the French 1849. The town of Moultan in India, flag presented by the committee of public after a long siege was taken by the British, safety, which was deposited among the but with great loss. archives. 1852. ELIOT WALBUERTON, an author, of 1804. CHARLOTTE LENOX, the popular considerable note, perished in the Amazon author of the Female Quixotte, &c., died, steamship, on his way from Southampton 1814. JOHN GEORGE JACOBI, a Gernan to the West Indies. poet, died. He was the son of a wealthy 1853. Mr. INGERSOLL, the American enmerchant; studied theology; became pro- voy to England, was feted by the chamfessor of theology and eloquence at Halle, ber of comlmerce at Liverpool. where he published a periodical for the 1854. Albion college, Michigan, deladies called the Iris. He was afterwards stroyed by fire. connected with several periodicals. His 1656. JEAN PIERRE DAVID, a celebrated works are published in 7 vols. French sculptor, died at Paris, aged 65. 1825. FERDINAND IV of Naples died. The life of this prince is remarkable for the uncommon length of his reign, and JANUARY 5. its many vicissitudes, embracing a period of 65 years, and being closely connected 62. B. C. LucIus SERGIUS CATILINE, the with all the great events of Etirope during Roman conspirator, killed in Etruria. The the last half century. He was born 1751, history of his life unfolds a series of most and came to the throne at the age of eight. revolting crimes; but there is reason to The first thirty years of bis reign were at- believe that some of them are unreal. tended with peace and happiness; but in Murder, rapine and conflagration were the 16 EVERY DAY BOOK. [.an. 5. firstpleasures of his life. Pompey, Crassus finally consented to the match. Notwithand Czesar favored his schemes with a view standing the inequality of their ages and to their own aggrandizement. Only two the capricious disposition of the king, they Romans remained determined to uphold had been married 20 years when the divitheir falling country-Cato and Cicero. sion took place. This separation led to a The speeches of the latter in the Roman divorce from the pope also, and was the senate on the crisis of affairs are imperish- cause of mighty effects. able monuments of eloquence and patriot- 1559. CATHARINE DE MEDICIS died. She ism, and produced the overthrow of the was born at Florence 1519; married, 1533, conspirators. Five of them were put to the dauphin, afterwards Henry II, of death, and Catiline being surrounded by the France. She was three times regent of army under Petreius resolved to die sword France, and during her administration in hand. The battle was fought with des- made a conspicuous figure in the annals peration, and the insurgents fell, with their of Europe by her political genius. By her leader at their head. was begun the palace of the Tuilleries; 1066. EDWARD the Confessor, king of but the lasting monument of her fame and England, died. He was called to the iniquity is the massacre of St. Bartholothrone 1041. He was not the immediate mew's, which was brought about by her heir, but his claim was supported of God- intrigues, when more than 50,000 protestwin, earl of Kent, whose daughter Editha ants were massacred in one day. he married. He was a weak and supersti- 1621. PAUL VAN SOMER died in Landon. tious prince, and acquired the title of He was born at Antwerp, 1576, and arrived Saint or Confessor, by abstaining from nup- at great proficiency as a painter. His pential connection with his queen. He was cil was chiefly employed on portraits of the first English monarch who undertook royal and eminent personages, and is said to cure the king's-evil by touching'the to have equalled Vandyke. patient. With him ended the Saxon line 1639. DE VRIES, who had recently arof kings. rived from Holland in the capacity of a 1477. CHARLES the Bold, duke of Bur- patroon, sent his colonists over to Staten gundy, killed in battle on this or the fol- island from fort Amsterdam, to commence lowing day. This prince, the son of Philip the colony and buildings. the Good and Isabella of Portugal, early 1675. TURENNEr defeated the imperialists displayed a violent, impetuous and am- at Turkheim. bitious disposition; and in after life was 1705. Second volcanic opening of the constantly embroiled in unjust and cruel peak of Teneriffe, in the ravine of Almerwarfare, in which he performed many chiga, a league from Icore. It closed on daring exploits. But having turned his the 13th of the same month. arms against the Swiss, the fortune of war 1722. BELL, the Traveler, arrived at turned against him; and being deserted Moscow on the return from China. (See by his allies, with his usual temerity July 14, 1719.) The account of this jourrisked a battle with only 4000 men against ney, and of what he saw and learned at a vastly superior force, was defeated and Pekin, is the -most valuable part of his killed by the thrust of a lance in the 44th book, and one of the best and most interyear of his age. His body covered with esting relations ever written by any trablood and mire, and his head imbedded veler. in the ice, was not found till two days 1724. CZARTAN PETRARCn died, aged after the battle, when it was so disfigured 184, at a village near Temeswar, in Hunthat his own brother did not recognize it. gary.,He was born in the year 1539; and With him expired the feudal government at the time the Turks took Temeswar from of Burgundy. the Christians he was employed in keep1531. The electoral college assembled ing his father's cattle. A few days before at Rome and elected Ferdinand, brother his death he had walked with the help of of Charles V, king of the Romans. He a stick to the post house to ask charity of was crowned a few days after at Aix-la- the travelers. His hair and beard were of Chapelle. a greenish-white color, like mouldy bread; 1536. CATHARINE OF ARRAGON, the re- and he had a few of his teeth remaining, pudiated queen of Henry VIII, died. She and enjoyed a little eyesight. His son, was the youngest daughter of Ferdinand who was ninety-seven years of age, deand Isabella, born 1483. She was first dared that his father had married at an exmarried to Arthur, prince of Wales, who treme age, for the third time, and that lie died five months after; and thle king un- was born in this last marriage. He had willing to return her dowry caused her to descendants in the fifth generation, with be contracted to his remaining son, Henry. whom lie sometimes sported, carrying The prince, at the age of 15, made a pub- them in his arms. His son, though ninetylie protest against this proceeding, but seven, was still fresh and vigorous. The Jan. 5.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 17 commandant of Temeswar on learning under Vandamme; Lieut. Gen. De Thile, of his sickness, caused his portrait to be Maj. Gen. Krafti and 5500 Prussians taken. painted, and it was nearly finished when 1807. British: sloop Nautilus, Capt. Palhe expired. mer, lost on a rock near Peri, in the ar1757. DAMIENS attempted the assassina- chipelago of the Seven islands. The caption of Louis XV, for which he was con- tain refused to leave the vessel, and was demned to the most cruel tortures, and lost in his 26th year. * finally quartered by four horses. (See 1809. The British rear guard under Sir March 28.) John Moore attacked by the French van 1764. A comet was first seen at Tewkes- guard under Soult. Gen. Colbert, aged bury, England, near two small stars in 30, was mortally wounded, and the French the hand of Bootes. were compelled to fall back. 1776. The New Hampshire provincial 1812. The French Gen. LEVAL was comconvention resolved to change the form pelled to abandon the siege of Tariffa, deof government. fended by the British, Col. Skerritt. 1781. ARNOLD invaded Virginia with 1814. Gluckstadt surrendered to the 1500 British troops; he marched to Rich- British. mond, destroyed the public stores and 1814. British ships Bacchante and Sarabuildings, the rope-walk, and much pri- cen captured the fortress of Cattaro after vate property. a cannonade of ten days. 1781. The British ship Warwick, Capt. 1827. FREDERICK, duke of York, died. He Elphinstone, captured the Dutch ship was the second son of George III, born in Rotterdam, 50 guns and 300 men; the 1763; 1787 took his seat in the house of first material capture during that war. peers; 1789 fought a duel, firing his pistol 1782. Trincomalee in the island of Cey- in the air; 1791 married the eldest daughlon, taken by the British under admiral ter of the king of Prussia, from whom he Sir Edward Hughes. afterwards separated; 1793 went to Flan1783. O(nore, situated between Panian and ders at the head of the British army, and Bombay, taken by assault by the British in the end showed himself unequal to the Gen. Matthews; the garrison and many of station; 1809 was called to account by the inhabitants were cruelly slaughtered. the house of commons for the follies com1795. The French attacked the British mritted in the army through the influence Gen. Dundas at Geldermalsem, and com- of a female favorite; 1818 was appointed pelled him to fall back to Buren; and the keeper of his father, with a salary of afterwards the whole force of Gen. Wal- ~10,000. Although enjoying princely salamoden to cross the Leck. ries and pensions he died universally 1795. The British ships Bellona and lamented by his tailors and other creditors Alarm captured the French ship Le Dumas to the amount of some hundred thousands of 20 guns, off Deseada. of pounds. 1796. SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, one of the 1841. JAMEs ABRAHAM HILLHOUSE, an signers of the Declaration of Independence, eminent American poet, died at New died. He was born at Windham, Ct., 1732; Haven, Ct., aged 51. his father being a farmer could allow him 1845. The national debt of England only a common school education; but amounted at this time to ~794,193,645. his own assiduity made up the deficiency, 1849. The discovery of the magnetic so that at the age of 22 he commenced the clock by Dr. Locke of Ohio, announced to study of the law with borrowed books; in the secretary of the navy by Lieutenant 1764 he was sent to the general assem- Maury of the National observatory. bly; 1765 appointed king's attorney; 1774 1852. EUGENE LEVESQUE died at Paris, raised to the bench of the supreme court; aged 81; author of travels in America. 1775 sent a delegate to the general con- 1852. BENJAMIN LA RocHI died at Paris, gress of the colonies, and in 1779 suc- aged 54; French translator of Shakespeare. ceeded John Jay as president of congress. 1852. BARON KEMENYI, a Hungarian At the time of his death he was governor chief, eminent for his patriotism and exof Connecticut. ploits in the struggle with Austria and 1797. British ship Polyphemus, Capt. Russia, died aged 53. Lumesdaine, captured the French ship 1853. CHARLES W. MORGAN, an Ameri-, L'Uranie, 38 guns, off Ireland. can commodore, died, aged 63. He was 1798. A bill passed the house in con- a nephew of Gen. Morgan of the revolugress paying Kosciusko $12,800; and the tion, and distinguished himself in the four daughters of count de Grasse $400 action between the Constitution and the each per annum for five years. Guerriere. 1799. Treaty of defensive alliance be- 1853. Revolution in Mexico; Gen. Arista tween England and Turkey. resigned, and Cevallos elected president 1806. Breslaw surrendered to the French ad interim. 3 18 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 5. 1854. The steamer San Francisco, which thunder. His thunder is said to be that had withstood a heavy gale, was foun- still used in the theatres. dered at sea. Of 700 persons on board 1738. JEAN BAPTIST LABAT, a missionary 247 had been washed overboard before and traveler, died. He was born at Paris assistance arrived. 1663, and became a Dominican priest in 1855. Gen.CAsTILLA defeated Pres. Eche- Norway, where he taught mathematics nique and entered Lima in triumph. and philosophy also. In 1693 he em1855. The entire Victoria bridge across barked for Martinique as a missionary; the St. Lawrence, carried away by the ice. and during several voyages in service of the mission, visited all the Antilles. When the English attacked the island of GuadaJANUARY 6. loupe, he rendered his country important services as an engineer. He afterwards 1402. Birthday of JOAN OF ARc. traveled much in Europe, and published 1540. HENRY VIII married Anne, daugh- his travels. His voyage to the West Indies ter of John, duke of Cleves. This was his has been translated into several languages, fourth wife. He had asked her hand in and is a truly scientific work. marriage after having seen a portrait of 1763. Unsuccessful and very disastrous her by Holbein; and becoming disgusted attack by two English ships on Buenos with her in six months bestowed upon her Ayres. The commodore and nearly 300 the epithet of Flanders mare, and sent her of the crew were drowned. home. She retired, not much disconcerted, 1766. The wild man PETER taken in the to her own country, where she died 1557. Hartz forest and presented to George II, 1649. ANNE OF AUSTRIA, queen regent was brought from Cheshunt and shewn to of France, obliged to fly from Paris to St. George III and his queen. Like ShakGernmain. speare's Caliban, he could bring wood and 1698. Birthday of METASTASTO, the cele- water but not articulate any language. brated Italian poet. 1777. The American army, under Gen. 1711. CHRISTOPHER BATEMAN, a noted Washington, went into winter quarters at English bookseller, died. He suffered Morristown, N. J. none to open a book in his shop till it 1781. ARNOLD detached Lieut. Col. Simwas bought. coe, from Richmond to Westham, Va., 1724. The bishop of London preached a who destroyed the cannon foundry and a sermon against masquerades, which pro- quantity of public stores which had been duced a decree that no more than six mas- removed from Richmond. querades, the number already subscribed 1785. The Halsewell, East Indiaman, for, should be held. Capt. Richard Pearce, wrecked on the 1725. Pope BENEDICT XIII, in great state island of Purbeck; of 240 persons but 74 and measured ceremony, opened with a were saved. golden hammer the holy gates of the four 1794. The duke of Brunswick resigned great churches which had been shut 25 his command as generalissimo of the coaliyears, for obtaining indulgences, &c. tion against France. 1734. Jon DENNIS, an English dramatist 1795. French frigate La Pique, 33 guns, and critic, died. He was the son of a sad- captured off Marigalante by the British dler, born in London 1657, and liberally frigate Blanche, Capt. Faulkner, who was educated. His first play appeared in 1697, shot through the heart; also 7 of his crew and was followed by many dramatic pieces killed and 21 wounded. La Pique had and poems which were sufficiently worth- 76 killed, 113 wounded, and 30 were lost less to procure their author an imperish- when her mast went overboard. able notoriety in the Dunciad, where Pope 1810. JAMES RICHARD DACRES died of has gibbtted him. He squandered a for- a fall from his horse. He was vice-admiral tune which had been left him by an uncle, of the Red, and father of the Capt. Dacres and not being able to subsist by his pamph- captured by Hull. lets and criticisms for the magazines, de- 1813. ALEXANDER issued his ukase at pended upon his friends for a living; and Wilna, directing the foundation stone of even those whom he had made his ene- a new church to be instantly laid in Mosmies joined in the benefit for him at the cow, dedicated to Christ our Savior, as a Haymarket theatre, after he had become perpetual monument to future generations blind and partially insane. One of his of the deliverance of Russia from the plays, which was condemned, is famous for French, and the devotion of his people. a new kind of thunder introduced in it; 1816. FRANCIS NORODSKY, a Polish gena few nights after its representation, the tleman, died at Warsaw, aged 125. The players made use of the contrivance in Polish government allowed him a pension Macbeth, when the author rose- in the of 3000 forins, which the emperor Alexanpit and with an oath claimed it as his der continued till his death. Jan. 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 19 1817. General THOMAS died, at Mil- plies could be granted without danger to ledgeville, Georgia, of cancer in the mouth. the state. 1823. The siege of Missolonghi raised. 1692. The philosophical ROBERT BOYLE Mavrocordato, the commander in chief, died leaving a sum of money for a monthly had thrown himself into the town on the sermon against atheism. 5th of November with 380 men, and 22 1715. FRANCOIS DE SALIGNAC DE LA MOTTE Suliots under Marco Botzaris, and though FENELON, died. He preached his first seralmost destitute of artillery and -ammuni- mon at the age of 15; and he was distion, defended it against the Turkish forces. tinguished for learning and piety. The On the 23d November it was relieved by celebrated romance, Telemaqsue, was pubsea, and the enemy were repulsed in seve- lished against his will by the treachery of ral assaults, when they finally abandoned his servant, and involved him in difficulties the walls. with the king, who considered it a satire 1831. Died at Geneva, RODOLPIE KREUT- upon his reign. During the revolution of ZER, a distinguished violinist and musical 1793 his coffin was dug up to furnish lead composer. for bullets. In 1819 a monument was 1836. ABRAHAM VAN VECHTEN died at erected to his memory by public subscripAlbany, aged 75. He was a highly re- tion, and in 1826 a statue by the sculptor spected man, an eminent lawyer, and one David was placed at Cambray. The age of the fathers of the New York bar. in which he lived could not appreciate his 1839. A tremendous gale or hurricane worth. in the west of England, which did great 1740. A rock fell on a large number of damage at Liverpool. young people -while at play on the first 1840. Madame D'ARBLAY, the well Monday of the year, at Kirkaldy, Scotland. known novelist, Miss Burney, died at 1758. ALLAN RAMSAY, a Scottish poet Bath. Lord Chancellor Thurlow said her and author of the Gentle Shepherd, died. Cecilia was worth all the books in his 1767. THoMASCLAP, an American mathelibrary. matician and natural philosopher, died. 1841. Great freshet in the Hudson river He graduated at Harvard college, and by and tributaries. singular industry made great acquisitions 1849. GEORGE SINNET, a native of Ger- in almost every branch of learning. In many, the last survivor of Gen. Wolfe's 1739 he was elected president of Yale colarmy, died at Brighton, Nova Scotia, aged lege, and continued in that office till the 120. year before his death. He constructed the 1854. Russians defeated at Citale, near first orrery in America. Kalafat, with a loss of 2500 men. 1779. LAFAYETTE embarked at Boston, in the frigate Alliance, for France. 1779. The Mirror, appeared at Edinburgh, to which Mackenzie thenovelist was JANUARY 7. a principal contributor. 1782. The Bank of North America opened 1328. EDWARD II of England deposed for business in Philadelphia. It was the by parliament, and his son, Edward III, first bank regularly established in America. proclaimed king. 1785. Mr. BLANCHARD, the teronaut, ac- 1558. Calais, in France, retaken by the companied by Mr. Jeffries, an American French after a short siege of one week, gentleman, made the bold attempt to cross having been in the possession of the Eng- the British channel, from Dover to Calais, lish 200 years, during which it had be- in a balloon filled with inflammable air,then come a thriving place, and the seat of a beginning to be used. They left the Engconsiderable trade in wool. lish coast at 10 o'clock, and at half-past 1610. GALILEI discovered the satellites of two, reached the French side, a disJupiter. tance of twenty-three miles. 1657. THEOPRILUS EATON, first governor 1798. The French army under General of the colony at New Haven, died. Be- Menard, entered Switzerland with a defore coming to America he was employed sign to revolutionize the cantons after the by the king as an agent at the court of model of the French republic. Denmark. He was one of the original 1806. PAULINUS, better known as John patentees of Massachusetts. On the set- Philip Werdin, died at Rome. He was tlement of New Haven he was chosen one of the first Europeans who acquired a governor, for which office his integrity, knowledge of the Sanscrit language. dignity and wisdom peculiarly fitted him, 1807. British order in council prohibitand which he filled till his death. ing neutrals from trading from one port of 1681. The commons of England re- France or her allies to another, or to any solved that till a bill be passed, excluding other where Great Britain was refused that the duke of Yoik from the throne, no sup- privilege. 20 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 7. 1811. Ship Rapid. of Boston, Capt. 1704. LAURENTIO BELLINI, a Florentine Dorr, with $280,000 on board, totally lost anatomist, died, aged 61. He was held in off the coast of New Holland; captain and great estimation by prince and pontiff. crew saved. His theory and practice are out of date 1812. JOSEPH DENNIE, an American edi- now, and his works also, in consequence tor, died. He was born at Boston 1768, of the vast improvements in medicine and and educated for the bar; but his literary surgery since his day. taste and habits interfered with his profes- 1775. JOHN BASKERVILLE, an English sion, which he resigned and established at printer and type founder, of rare celebrity, Boston a weekly paper called The Tablet; died. As a philanthropist he was also well and subsequently edited the Farmers' Mu- known to large circles. scum at Walpole, in which he published a 1777. British evacuated Elizabethtown, series of popular essays uider the signa- N. J.; Gen. Maxwell fell on their rear, ture of The Lay Preacher. He was after- and took 70 prisoners and a schooner wards editor of the Port Folio at Phila- loaded with baggage. delphia, where his superior endowments 1780. British Admiral Rodney captured would have procured him an indepen- 22 sail of Spanish ships. One of these, dence, but for some unfortunate propen- the Guipuscaio, of 64 guns, was named sities which deprived him of health and the Prince William, from a son of George happiness. IlI who was in the action. 1817. First paper in Chautauque co.,N.Y. 1784. Whitestown, N. Y., settled about 1822. Liberia.in Africa colonized under this time. the direction of Dr. Ayres. Cape Mont- 1795. French ship Esperance, 22 guns, serado with a large tract of adjoining captured off Cape Henry by British ship country was purchased of the natives by Argonaut, Capt. Ball. the American colonization society, and a 1796. SAMUEL HUNTINGDON, governor of ettlement commenced by 28 colonists; in Connecticut, and one of the signers of the six years the number had increased to 1200 Declaration of Independence, died aged 64. under the care of Ashmun. 1796. French took by surprise the British 1830. THOMASLAWRENcE, a distinguished camp at Mount William, island of St. English portrait painter, died. By industry Vincent, West Indies. British lost 54 and force of talent he rose in his profes- killed, Brig. Gen. Strutt and 109 wounded, sion, till on the death of Sir Joshua Rey- and 200 missing. nolds he was made painter to the king, 1799. French privateer cutter La Ranand in 1815 was knighted. His income cune, from St. Maloes, captured by the for the last twenty years of his life was British cutter Pigmy, Capt. Shepheard, from 10,000 to 20,000 pounds; but he who at the same time recaptured two died poor, owing to his purchasing the British brigs, prizes to La Rancune. best productions at the most extravagant 1815. Battle of New Orleans. The prices. city was attacked by the British under 1841. Louis EDWARD BIGNON, Napoleon Packenham, consisting of 15,000 disciBonaparte's historian, died. plined troops, and was defended by 6000 1843. Mis. WINGATE, died at Stratham, militia and volunteers; under Gen. JackN. H., aged nearly 101 years. son, prepared to die in its defence. The 1850. JOTIN H. KYAN, a native of Eng- result was a brilliant victory over the land, and inventor of Kyanized wood, British. Packenham was killed, and 5,000 died at New York. men surrendered-the rest fled to their 1850. SAMUEL MILLEn, an eminent Ameri- vessels. The loss of the Americans was can theologian and sometime president of trifling, 13 killed and wounded, that of Princeton college, died, aged 91. the British 2,600. 1815. Total loss of the Americans in this war up to the last battle, 1344 killed, JANUARY 8. 2673 wounded, 651 missing, 1351 taken prisoners. 1167. EDGAR, king of Scotland, died, 1817. Two shocks of earthquake at and was succeeded by his younger brother, Charleston, S. C., and at Savannah, Ga. Alexander I. 1825. ELI W1ETNEY, inventor of the 1536. CATHARINE OF ARRAGON, died; cotton gin, died. queen of Henry VIII and mother of Mary, 1848. The lives of thirty persons lost queen of England. by the bursting of the boilers of the steamer 1642. GALILEO GALILEI, the astronomer, Blue Ridge on the Ohio river. The boilers died, aged 78. had been in use nine years. 1676. French Admiral Duquesne de- 1849. The pope threatened all who should feated the Dutch and Spanish fleets under take part in electing a new assembly, with De Ruyter, who had both legs shattered. excommunication. Jan. 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 21 1850. First ship in the United States dry 1770. CATHARINE TALBOT, authoress of dock at Brooklyn. Reflections on the Seven Days of the Week, 1853. CHARLES HUMPHREY ATHERTON, and a contributor to the Rambler, died. an eminent New Hampshire lawyer, died, 1779. JOHN REINHOLD FOSTER, author of aged 79. Northern Voyages, and who circumnavi1854. WILLIAM CARR BERRESFORD, a gated the globe, with Cook died in his distinguished British field officer and 70th year. nobleman, died, aged 85. 1788. Connecticut, the fifth state which 1854. Metropolitan hall and Lafarge adopted the constitution of the United hotel, two of the finest buildings in New States without amendments. York destroyed by fire. 1792. Treaty of peace signed at Jassy between Russia and Turkey. 1793. MR. BLANCHARD, the French aroJANUARY 9. naut, made the first balloon ascension in the United States, at Philadelphia, in the 1514. ANNE OF BRETAGNE, queen of presence of General Washington. France died, aged 37. 1795. Thiel in Holland taken by the 1584. WILLIAM CARTER, a daring Lon- French under Macdonald. don printer, hanged, boweled, and quar- 1799. The habeas corpus act suspended tered at Tyburn, for printing lewd pamph- in Great Britain. lets, popish and others, and particularly a 1805. NOBLE WIMBERLY JONES, a revoTreatise on Schisme. lutionary character, died. He came to 1596. FRANCIsDRAKE, the Englishnavi- America under Gen. Oglethorpe, and at gator, died. He served with distinction the breaking out of the war was a pracunder his relative Sir J. Hawkins; and ticing physician in Savannah. He was having lost all his property in an action elected to the Georgia legislature a numwith the Spaniards, he conceived an in- ber of years and then resumed his practice veterate hatred against them. He sig- again, at the solicitation of many of his nalized himself in the destruction of the former patients. Spanish Armada; and finally died on the 1809. Congress passed laws to enforce coast of America in a war against the the embargo. Spanish settlements. He made the first 1810. The Diocesan court of the officivoyage round the world. To him is attri- ality of Paris pronounced a nullity of marbuted the introduction of the potatoe into riage between Bonaparte and Josephine. Europe. The day of his death is differently 1811. The Spanish cortes published a stated. manifesto declaring their determination 1621. The Plymouth colonists com- not to enter into a treaty with Bonaparte menced the erection of their projected until his troops should have entirely evatown, which they built in two rows of cuated the Peninsula. houses for greater security. The same 1811. The whole militia of New Orleans street still exists, leading to the water ordered into immediate service by Gov. side. Claiborne to suppress a negro insurrection. 1658. Birthday of NICHOLAS COUSTON, a 1812. Valentia in Spain surrendered to famous French sculptor, from whose labors the French under Suchet, with 374 canthe art of statuary received a noble im- nons, 18000 troops and stores of all kinds. pulse. He died at Paris 1733. 1813. British manifesto against the 1757. BERNARD LE BOVIER DE FONTE- United States. NELLE, a French author of great repute, 1815. Truce between Gen. Jackson and died. He was born at Rouen 1657; his Gen. Lambert to bury the dead of the mother was the sister of Corneille. Al- battle of the previous day. though his works are now obsolete in con- 1815. The British began the bombardsequence of the advancement of science, ment of the American fort St. Philip, no learned man exerted a more decided defended by Major Overton, which was influence on the age in which he lived kept up daily until the 17th. than Fontenelle. 1815. A society instituted at Trenton, 1766. THOMAS BIRCH, an English histo- N. J., for forming a colony of blacks. rian and biographer, died. He was of 1818. OLD JOHN died. During eighty quaker parentage, and by unwearied in- years, from the premiership of Walpole to dustry educated himself. His literary labors that of Liverpool, he acted as messenger were prodigious, which early rising and a in the Royal printing office, London. He strict economy of time enabled him to styled himself King's messenger. perform. He bequeathed his library to 1827. ELIZABETH OGILVY BENGER, an the British museum; it contained an in- English authoress, died. In her 13th year credible number of Mss. in his own hand- she wrote a poem, and afterwards atwriting. tempted the drama. Her reputation is 22 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 9. based upon her Historical Biographies, which 1756. FRANCOIS, marquis de Beauharwere originally published in 10 vols. nois, died at Paris. He was a member of 1828. FRANCIS DE NEUFCHATEAU, aFrench the -national assembly, and took part in statesman, died. He was born 1750, and the king's favor; subsequently joined the in his 13th year published a volume of army under Conde; and was banished by poems, which indicated more for the Napoleon in 1807. The heroic wife of future than was realized. He took part Lavalette was his daughter. in the affairs of the revolution, but was 1757. The British under Admiral Watcondemned for his moderation. Napoleon son took by assault, Houghley, situated took him into favor; his pursuits were about thirty miles above Calcutta. chiefly literary, however. 1761. EDWARD BOSCAWEN, the English 1843. Great fire at Port-au-Prince; 600 admiral, died. He was born 1711, and enhouses burnt and property to an immense tered the navy at an early age. He acquired amount destroyed. The blacks who in- honorable distinction under Vernon, and habited the mountains rushed down and afterwards signalized himself in many imcompleted the work of destruction, by portant contests with the French, in which firing and plundering such houses as the he had the singular fortune to take the fire had not reached, and committing every French commander, M. Hoquait, a prisoner sort of excess. three times, viz. in 1744, 1747 and 1755. 1854. The Astor library in New York On his return to England in 1759, after opened to the public. destroying the Toulon fleet in the Mediterranean, he was rewarded with a pension of.~3000 a year. JANUARY 10. 1763. CASPER ABEL, a voluminous German historian and antiquary, died. 1640. MAURICE ABBOT, a distinguished 1765. Stamp Act passed the British London merchant, died. He acquired Parliament. How little did that body angreat consequence by his own efforts in ticipate the consequences that were to folcommercial affairs, and was employed in low their decision on that subject. 1624 in establishing the settlement of Vir- 1776. The New Hampshire convention ginia. At the time of his death he was dissolved itself and assumed legislative mayor of London. powers, chose twelve counselors as an 1645. WILLIAM LAUD, archbishop of executive branch, and delegates to ConCanterbury, beheaded on Tower hill, aged gress, which were recognized. 70. Sentenced to be hung for political 1782. GEORGE COSTARD died. A classimisdemeanors, he was pardoned by the cal, mathematical and oriental scholar, king; but parliament overruled the par- whose reputation as an author is chiefly don, and substituted the privilege of being derived from a History of Astronomy, highly beheaded instead of hanging. He acquired appreciated in Europe. so great an ascendency over Charles as to 1791. Vermont, the last of the thirteen lead him, by the facility of his temper, original states which composed the Union, into a conduct which proved fatal to that adopted the constitution and took her prince, and by which he lost his kingdom, place in the confederacy. and met the same fate four years after at 1795. The French frigate Iphigenie, 32 Whitehall. guns, captured by the Spanish fleet off 1661. A proclamation issued by the Catalonia. king of England prohibiting conventicles 1797. Frendh sloop Atalante, 16 guns, for religious meetings. captured off Scilly by the British frigate 1661. The fifth monarchy men, headed Phcebe, 36 guns, Capt. Barlow. by Venner, a wine cooper, arose to proclaim 1800. The first soup establishment for " King Jesus against all the powers of the the poor was opened at Spitalfields, earth." But King Charles's power was London. found too strong for them. 1806. The Dutch surrendered the cape 1754. EDWARD CAVE died, an English of Good Hope to the British. printer and founder of the Gentleman's 1808. PHILLIPS CosBY, British admiral Magazine. When his indentures expired of the Red, died aged 78. as a printer's apprentice, he was employed 1809. Samana taken by the British, toin the post office, and occupied his leisure gether with two privateers, and four vesin writing for the newspapers. In 1731 sels laden with coffee. was first published the Magazine, and it 1812. London involved for several has continued to this day, more than a hours' in impenetrable darkness. The century, amid the crowd of magazines sky, where any light pervaded it, showed which have perished around it; and is the aspect of bronze. It was the effect of one of the most successful and lucrative a cloud of smoke, which, from the pecuperiodicals that history has upon record. liar state of the atmosphere, did not pass Jan. 10.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 23 off. Were it not for the peculiar mobility 1698. PETER, the czar of Russia, arrived of the atmosphere, this city of a hundred in England and wrought as a mechanic thousand chimneys would be scarcely in the dockyard at Deptford, as well as in habitable in winter. the workshops of various mechanics, with 1815. The British under Gen. Lambert a view of carrying the English arts into his having abandoned the enterprise on New own country. He was well received by Orleans began to re-embark their artillery William III. and munitions, prepartory to a general re- 1751. A globular bottle of glass was treat. made at Leith measuring 40 by 42 inches 1816. The schooner Eliza cast away near the largest ever made in Britain. Newport; the captain and crew saved by 1753. Sir HANSSLoANE, the eminentEngCom. Perry, who with part of the crew of lish naturalist, died, aged 93. He was born the frigate Java, went five miles in a boat at Killileagh in Ireland; studied medicine in to their relief. London, and settled there in the practice 1824. THOMAS EDWARD BOWDITCh, the of his profession. Hewas the second learned African traveler, died. He went to Africa man whom science tempted to America. at the age of 21, and engaged in a series His museum, composed of the rarest proof expeditions into the country. In 1822 ductions of nature, he bequeathed to the he went out from England with a view of public, on condition of the payment of devoting himself to the exploration of the ~20,000 annually to his family, and waA African continent. He had only arrived the foundation of the British Museum. at the mouth of the Gambia when a dis- 1775. The first provincial congress of ease occasioned by fatigue and anxiety of South Carolina met at Charleston. mind put an end to his existence. 1778. CHARLES LINNE (or Linnaeus), the 1833. ADRIEN MARiE LEGENDRE, SO well Swedish botanist, died, Aged'71. In his known as a profound mathematician, died twenty-fourth year he conceived the idea at Paris. His work on geometry is much of a new arrangement of plants, or a sexual used. system of botany. In 1732 the Academy 1840. The uniform penny postage com- of Sciences at Upsal appropriated 50 menced in England; the number of letters Swedish dollars to send him on a tour despatched from London on this day be-, through Lapland, and with this small sum ing 112,000; the average,for January, he made a journey of more than 3500 1839, being 30,000. miles, unaccompanied, traversing the Lap1840. Battle between the Russian and land desert, and enduring many hardships. Khivian cavalry; the latter commanded A series of offices and honors were conby the khan in person were completely ferred upon him, till in 1753 he was routed and pursued to the city of Khiva. created a Knight of the Polar Star, an 1848. Miss CAROLINE HERSCHEL, mem- honor never before conferred on a literary ber of the Royal astronomical society, man; and in 1761 he was elevated to the London, died at Hanover. rank of nobility. 1855. MARY RUSSEL MITFORD died, aged 1778. A collection amounting to ~3815 68; a distinguished English authoress. was made for the 924 American prisoners 1856. THOMAS H. PERKINS, a wealthy and in England. Dr. Franklin, at Paris, applied liberal Boston'merchant, died aged 89. to the British ambassador for an exchange His was the first American firm engaged of prisoners, but his lordship was pleased in the China trade. to return only the following answer: " no application received from rebels unless they come to implore his majesty's parJANUARY 11. don." 1782. Ostenburg, near Trincomalee, in 395. THEODOSIUS THE GREAT, emperor of the island of Ceylon, taken from the Dutch Rome, died. He was born about the year by the British Admiral Hughes. 346, and on coming to the throne dis- 1795. The French, under Pichegru, tinguished himself by his orthodoxy, and crossed the Waal on the ice at different his zeal against heresy and paganism. His points. public and private virtues, which pro- 1800. WILLIAM NEWCOME, archbishop of cured him the name of The Great, will Armagh, died, aged 79. He rose gradually scarcely excuse the fierceness of his in- in the church to the primacy of Ireland; tolerance, or the barbarity of his anger was a worthy man, and author of a great and revenge. number theological works. 1569. The first English lottery drawn 1S01. CIMAROSA, the celebrated Italian at London. It continued day and even- musician, died. ing four months. The prizes were money, 1803. The Hindostan, East Indiaman,'plate and merchandise. It had been ad- lost on the Culvers, off Margate, in a vertised two years at the time it took place. dreadful storm. 24 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 11. 1805. Letters of marque and reprisal many, died. He was elected king of the issued by Great Britain against Spain. Romans 1486, and ascended the imperial 1807. Breig in Silesia surrendered to the throne 1493. Under him the Turks were French and Bavarians; 3 generals, 1400 checked in their enterprises against GerPrussians, and considerable magazines were many, and repelled from his- hereditary captured. territories. 1810. In the night the mercury in three 1598. The MarquisDE LA ROCHE received thermometers froze at Moscow and with- from Henry IV a commission to conquer drew into the ball. At Iraish it was ob- Canada. He sailed from France with a served at 44'~ of Fahrenheit immediately colony of convicts from the. prisons. before it froze. He landed them on the Isle of Sable, and 1811. MARIE JOSEPH DE CHENIER, a sailed forAcadie, from whence he returned French poet, died. By flattering the pas- to France. The survivors of the colony sions of the people he soon gained great twelve in number, were taken off seven popularity, and during the revolution was years afterwards, and presented to the one of the most violent democrats. king in their sealskin clothes and long 1815. Cumberland island, Georgia, taken beards. He gave them fifty crowns each possession of by Capt. Barrie of the British and pardoned their offences. ship Dragon. Same day British sloop of 1640. An engagement of four days' durawar, Barbadoes, Capt. Fleming captured tion near the island Tamaraca, Brazils, beprivateer schooner Fox, of 7 guns and tween the Dutch and Portuguese, in which 72 men from Wilmington. the latter were defeated and the Dutch 1817. TIMOTHY DWIGHT, president of Yale admiral killed. college, died, aged 65. He entered Yale 1678. A remarkable darkness at noon college at the age of 13, and became a in England. tutor at 19. His health becoming impaired 1777. General MERCER died of the by the advice of his physicians he traveled, wounds of the battle of Princeton. walking 2000 and riding 3000 miles in the 1781. The states general of Holland course of a year. It had the effect to re- issued letters of marque and reprisal store his constitution completely. His against England. published works consist of theology, poetry 1793. ARTHUR LEE, a distinguished and travels. His biography is interesting; American statesman, died at Urbana, Va. he was an uncommon character. The long and faithful services which he 1829. GREGORIO FUNES, a patriot of La rendered his country during his arduous Plata, died at Buenos'Ayres. He was struggles for independence, in the alteractively engaged in the South American nate character of ambassador and statesrevolution from its commencement. He man, are universally known and acknowwas also an author. ledged. 1839. ALEXANDER COFFIN, the last sur- 1794. JOHN GEORGE ADAM FORSTER died, vivor of the original proprietors who set- aged 40. He was of Scotch descent, born tiled the city of Hudson in 1784, died, aged in Prussia, studied at St. Petersburg, taught 99. He was highly respected for his talents, German and French in England, accomintegrity and usefulness. panied Cook in his voyage round the 1839. Earthquake at Martinique, which world, accepted the professorship of natudid great damage, particularly at Fort ral history at Hesse Cassel, was appointed Royal, where only 18 houses were left historiographer of a Russian expedition standing, of 1700, and 900 hundred suf- round the world; this project being frusferers were dug out of the ruins. trated by the Turkish war, he went to 1843. FRANCIS S. KEY, district attorney Germany, and residing at Mentz when the of the United States and author of the French took that city 1792, was sent by national song, the Star Spangled Banner, the republicans to request a union of that died in Baltimore. city with France. During his absence the 1853. Russia, Austria and Prussia, after Prussians retook the city, by which he lost considerable delay, finally acknowledge all his property, including his books and Napoleon III as emperor of France. papers, and died soon after. The Germans 1853. The caloric ship Ericsson made her number him among their classical writers. trial trip from New York to the Potomac. 1795. In consequence of a great thaw the communication of the main arnmy of the French under Pichegru and the four JANUARY 12. divisions that crossed the Waal the day before on the ice, was totally interrupted 400. B. c. XENOPHON, with the 10,000, during two days. forced a passage through the defiles of 1795. Mr. PITT recommended in the Armenia. British parliament that a premium be 1519. MAXIMILIAN I, emperor of Ger- given by government to large families. Jan. 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 25 1805. British frigate Doris, Capt. Camp- tinguished painter, and writer on entomobell, lost on the Diamond rock, Quiberon logy. died at Amsterdam. bay. The crew saved themselves and 1738. The famous convention of Pardo blew up the frigate. signed. 1805. The thermometer at Danbury, 1759. Execution of the conspirators Ct., stood at 190 below zero; being the against the life of the king of Portugal. coldest weather known there since 1780. The whole family of the Marquis Tavora 1807. A fatal explosion at Leyden, in was executed, and the name suppressed Holland. A vessel containing 40,000 for ever. pounds of powder, moored before the 1797. British ships Indefatigable, 44 house of Prof. Rau, exploded with a tre- guns, and Amazon, 42 guns, had a night mendous crash. Upwards of 200 houses action of six hours, in the bay of Audierne, were overthrown, besides churches and with the French 74 gun ship Les Droits des public buildings, 150 persons killed and Hommes, 1600 men; the latter was driven 2000 wounded. on shore, and the crew made prisoners; 1809. Cayenne surrendered by the Gen. Renier and 750 men were lost in the French, to the British and the Portuguese action. The Amazon was also lost in the under Capt. Yeo. actioi. 1815. National fast in the United States. 1798. Lieut. Lord Camelford shot Lieut. Charles Peterson, at English harbor, Antigua, for disobedience of orders, was afterJANUARY 13. wards tried and acquitted. 1798. The Swiss cantons armed against 857. ETHELWULF, son of Egbert, some- France. times styled the first king of England, 1809. The French under Marshal Vicdied. In his reign the tax called Peter's tor defeated the Spanish under Castanos at pence was levied. Cuenca. 1399. The Tartars, under Tamerlane, 1811. The British merchant ship Cumpillaged the imperial city of Delhi, and berland, Captain Barrat, beat off 4 French two days after wantonly massacred the privateers, and took 170 men who had entire Indian population. boarded her. 1400. RICHARD II of England murdered. 1814. British and Prussians repulsed in He came to the throne at the age of 11, an attack on Antwerp; part of the suband after a turbulent reign of 22 years, urbs were burnt. was deposed and imprisoned. 1814. The emperor of Russia and king 1404. It was enacted at this short par- of Prussia crossed the Rhine to invade liament of Henry's that no chemist shall France; the emperor of Austria, who had use his craft to multiply gold or silver. arrived the evening before at Cassel, went 1560. JOHN DE LASCI, a learned Pole, out to meet them, and they entered Basil, died. in Switzerland. 1618. GALILEO discovered the fourth 1814. General thanksgiving throughout satellite of Jupiter. Great Britain for the successes gained over 1669. JOHN BocHIus, a Dutch poet, died. Bonaparte. He excelled in Latin, and is called the Vir- 1814. Capt. Barrie of the British ship gil of the Low Countries. Dragon, took the fort on Point Peter and 1691. GEORGE Fox, founder of the sect the tower of St. Mary's, in Georgia; they of quakers, died, aged 67. His father was afterwards destroyed the fort. a poor weaver, and George was appren- 1817. The ship Georgianna, of Norfolk, ticed to a shoemaker; but he left his em- experienced a tremendous shock in the ployment and wandered about the coun- Gulf stream supposed to be by earthquake; try in a leather doublet, and finally set up the day was calm. as a teacher. He visited different coun- 1822. JOHANN GOTTLIEB SCHNEIDER, a tries, and had the satisfaction to see his German philologist and naturalist, died, tenets taking deep root in his life time. aged 72; a voluminous author. 1705. A house in London where fire- 1836. KARL CHR. TRAUTG. TAUCHNITZ, an works were manufactured, blew up, and eminent German printer, died, aged 75. destroyed 120 houses,and killed 50 persons. At the age of 35 he commenced business 1711. The last No. of the Tatler ap- for himself with a single press; but his peared (No. 271). establishment soon became very extensive, 1715. Great fire in Thames street, Lon- including a letter foundry and book store. don; many lives lost. He was most indefatigable in improving 1716. ELIZABETH PATCH died at Salem; and perfecting whatever he undertook, as the first female born in the old colony of his publications attest. His founts of orienMassachusets. tal type were unsurpassed in Germany, 1717. MARIA SYBILLA MERIAN, the dis- 1838. Chancellor ELDON died, 4 26 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 13. 1840. Steam boat Lexington burnt, on mathematics with great success, and spent her passage from New York to Stonington. much time abroad in astronomical obserOf 145 persons on board, only four escaped vations and experiments. His astrowith their lives. Among the sufferers were nomical pursuits tended greatly by their many highly esteemed and valuable mem- results to improve the art of navigation. bers of society. 1753. GEORGE BERKLEY, bishop of 1848. A severe battle took place at Chil- Cloyne in Ireland, died, aged 85. He aplianwallah between the British and Sikh peared as an author before his twentieth forces without decisive results. year. He devoted seven years-and a con1854. An earthquake at Finana in Spain, siderable part of his fortune in an effort to crumbling down the Alcazaba, an ancient establish a college at Bermuda, for the Moorish castle, prostrating houses and education of Indian preachers, which miscausing chasms in the streets, and loss of carried. He published several philosolives. phical, mathematical and theological works, and is said to have been acquainted with JANUARY 14. almost every branch of human knowledge. 1781. French took the island of Nevis. 1526. Treaty of Madrid between the 1783. CERVETTO, an Italian of extraoremperor Charles V, and Francis I of dinary musical genius, died at London, France, by which the latter obtained his aged 103. He was a member of the orchesliberty. tra of Drury lane theatre. 1604. The episcopal divines and puri- 1784. Congress ratified the definitive tans held a conference at Hampton court treaty of peace. in the presence of King James. 1792. JOSEPH JACKSON, a celebrated Eng1611. EDWARD BRUCE, a Scottish states- lish type founder, died. While an apman, died. He occupied some of the high- prentice his master had carefully kept est offices under the government, and his from his view the mode of making punches, services were important in establishing the but by boring a hole through the door he peaceable accession of James to the English got an occasional glimpse of the art, and throne. succeeded. 1622. PIETRO SARPI, better known as 1795. Intense frost in Holland, which Father Paul of Venice, died, aged 90. He enabled tlie remainder of the French army employed the latter part of his life in to cross the Waal. writing a history of the council of Trent, 1795. The French were repulsed in an in which he has developed the intrigues attack on all the posts of the allies, from connected with the transactions of that Arnhem to Amerongen. In the night the famous assembly, with a degree of bold- allies retreated to Amersfoort, leaving 300 ness and veracity, which renders the work sick behind them. one of the most interesting and import- 1797. Battle of Rivoli in Italy. The ant productions of the class to which it contest was continued three days, and debelongs. cided the fate of Mantua. The French un1634. Of seven sailors left at Spitz- der Joubert were victorious over the Ausbergen in the fall of 1633, by the Dutch trians. fishermen, for the purpose of wintering 1798. Five English gentlemen who had there, the first of the number died. The been sent to investigate the title of Vizier journal which they kept relates that they Ally, were by his orders assassinated at sought in vain for green herbs, bears and Benares in India. foxes, in that desolate region. In Novem- 1801. ROBERT ORME died, aged 73; hisber the scurvy appeared among them. toriographer to the East India company. Their journal ended February 26, and they 1801. An embargo laid in England on were all found dead on the return of their all Russian, Swedish and Danish ships. countrymen in spring. (See April 16.) More that 100 Swedish and Danish ves1696. MARIE DE RABUTIN SEVIGNE, a sels were immediately seized. French woman of quality, died, aged 70. 1809. Formal treaty of peace, friendHer Letters (11 vols. 8vo.) are models of ship and alliance between Great Britain epistolary style, and have been translated and Spain. into English. 1813. An engagement off Pernambuco be1738. The famous convention of Pardo tween the United States privateer schooner signed. Comet, Capt. Boyle, 14 guns and 120 men, 1739. The pope issued an edict against and three British vessels of 24 guns, conthe assemblies of freemasons, under penal- voyed by a Portuguese ship of 32 guns ty of the rack and condemnation to the and 165 men. The Portuguese were galleys. beaten off, and the British vessels cap1742. EDMUND HALLEY the astronomer, tured. She also captured three other yesdied, aged 86. He devoted himself to sels on the passage. Jan. 14.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 27 1814. Treaty of peace signed at Kiel be- 1655. DANIEL HEINSIUS, a Dutch philotween Denmark and England. logist, died. He made great progress as a 1814. CHARLES BOSSUT, a French mathe- student, under Scaliger, and was appointed matician, died, aged 84. He studied un- to a professorship at Leyden. He was also der D'Alembert, and rose to eminence. On successful as a Greek and Latin poet. the breaking out of the French revolution 1559. Queen ELIZABETH. crowned at he lost the offices he had acquired, and Westminster, by the bishop of Carlisle, subsisted by his writings. He was a con- who was the only person that could be tributer to the Encyclopedie. prevailed upon to perform the ceremony. 1815. Corn. DECATUR, sailed from New 1672. JOHN CosIN, bishop of Durham, York in the frigate President. died; a lover of literature and prodigal in 1822. The Grand Duke CONSTANTINE de- his expenditures on book-binding. He cined, by letter to his brother Alexander, ordered that all his books should be the succession to the throne of all the rubbed once a fortnight to prevent their Russias. moulding. 1831. HENRY MACKENZIE, the novelist, 1693. An army of six or seven hundred died, aged 86. He studied the law, at the French and Indians set out from Montreal same time cultivating elegant literature. to invade the Mohawk castles. (See Feb. 6.) His first effort was a tragedy, which was 1730. Gov. MONTGOMERIE granted the favorably received; his first novel ap- city of New York a new charter. Alpeared in 1771, in which he was eminently though that city had been put under the successful. Scott entitles him the Scottish government of a mayor in 1665, it was Addison. not regularly incorporated until 1686. 1834. WILLIAM POLK, a revolutionary 1773. At Duff house, the residence of officer, died. He held the rank of colonel the countess dowager of Fife, the first at the close of the war, and was the last masquerade ever seen in Scotland was exsurviving field officer of the Nqrth Caro- hibited. lina line. He was among the small band 1777. Vermont declared itself a free and of patriots who declared independence in independent state. It had been settled as Mecklenburg county, N. C., May 20th, a part of New Hampshire, but was claimed 1775. as a part of New York, and so decided to be 1838. Navy island evacuated by the by the British crown. But by the dissoluCanadians, &c., under Mackenzie and tion of the bonds which had held America Van Rensselaer, 510 in number. The arms in subjection to the crown of Britain, they belonging to the United States were sur- considered themselves free from New York, rendered, as also the cannon belonging to to which the most of them had never the state of New York. voluntarily submitted; and being, as they 1852. T. HUDSON TURNER died, aged 37; said, reduced to " a state of nature," they one of the ablest of the British archoeolo- assumed the right to form such connecgists. tions as were agreeable to themselves. Ac1854. JosHuA BATES, a distinguished cordingly they formed a plan of governNew England clergyman, died, aged 77. ment and a code of laws, and petitioned He was twenty-three years president of congress to receive them into the Union. Middlebury college. 1778. Nootka sound and the Sandwich islands discovered by Captain Cook. 1780. First exportation of woolen goods JANUARY 15. from Ireland to a foreign market. 1780. Unsuccessful attack by the Ameri69. SERGIUS GALBA, the Roman emperor, cans under Lord Stirling on the British at assassinated, at the age of 72. He was the Long island. successor of Nero, and reigned but three 1781. The traitor ARNOLD succeeded in months. burning some stores at Smithfield. 936. RODOLPH, king of France, died, in 1783. WILLIAM ALEXANDER, Lord Stirthe 14th year of his reign, and was suc- ling, an officer in the revolutionary army, ceeded by Lewis the Stranger. died at Albany, aged 57. He was of Scotch 1549. The liturgy of the English church descent, and from early youth a matheestablished by parliament. All the divine matician. Throughout the war he acted offices were to be performed according to an important part, and was warmly atthe new liturgy, and infringements were tached to Washington. He left behind to be punished by forfeitures and impri- him the reputation of a brave, discerning sonments, and for the third offence impri- and intrepid officer, and an honest and sonment for life. Visitors were appointed learned man. He was generally styled to see that it was received throughout Lord Stirling, and was considered the England. From this time we may date rightful heir to the title and estates of the era of the Puritans. that earldom in Scotland. 28 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 15. 1794. A desperate engagement off the was a staunch defender of liberal princiisland of Corsica between three Sardinian ples, and opposed first the arrogant preships and two Barbary xebecs. One of the tensions of the privileged class, although xebecs was captured, but the other, rather himself one of their number: afterwards than surrender, was blown up; upon which he arrayed himself against the intrigues of the prisoners taken, Turks and Algerines, Mirabeau, the violence of the mountain 92 in number, were put to death. party, and the usurpations of Bonaparte, 1795. The French attacked the British in the face of destruction. The object of outposts at Rhenen. his wishes was constitutional liberty. He 1795. The French national convention escaped the axe of the revolution, and liberated Gen. Miranda and Capt. Lacrosse was even promoted to office by Napoleon. from prison. 1834. The city of Leira, in Portugal, 1799. A revolution at Lucca in Italy, taken by Count de Saldanha, and the garwithout bloodshed. Titles and exclusive rison, of Miguelites about 1500 in number, privileges were abolished, the sovereignty made prisoners. of the people proclaimed, and a contribu- 1836. CHARLES LEWIS, one of the most tion of two millions of livres levied on eminent book binders in Europe, died. the nobility alone, which was immediately The splendidly bound books in the duke presented to the French general Serrurier. of Sussex's library are of his workman1805. ABRAHAM HYACINTHE ANQUETIL ship. DU PERRON, the French orientalist, died, 1842. JOSEPH HOPKINSON died. His aged 74. He studied theology, but after- speeches in congress on the Seminole war wards devoted himself with ardor to the were much admired. He was author of study of the eastern languages. In 1754 the song, Hail Columbia. he embarked for India, and with difficulty 1844. The Fontaine Moliere, a monusucceeded in finding some priests to in- ment to the great French dramatist, at struct him in the sacred language of the Paris, inaugurated. It combines a public Parsees. He returned to Paris in 1762 with fountain with a monument, and stands a number of manuscripts, and proceeded opposite the house in which Moliere died. to arrange them for publication. During 1849. Reporters excluded from an adthe revolution he shut himself up with journed meeting of a convention of the his books; but continued labors and an southern states. abstemious diet exhausted his constitution. He was a learned and excellent JANUARY 16. man. 1807. Battle between the forces under 1543. An act of the English parliament Christophe and Petion. for the governor- was passed forbidding women, apprenship of Hayti, which had been assumed tices, &c., &c., to read the New Testament by Christophe as the oldest general, on in English. the death of Dessalines; but Petion had 1556. CHARLES V of Germany, (Don been subsequently duly elected. Chris- Carlos I of Spain) resigned the crown of tophe was defeated after a fierce en- Spain to his son Philip, after a reign of counter. A separation of the republic 40 years. Of all his vast possessions he followed. Petion instituted a pure re- only reserved to himself an annual penpublic, while Christophe founded a mon- sion. It was under him that Cortez conarchy. quered Mexico. 1810. Masquerades and masked balls 1580. An act of the English parliament prohibited in the city of New York. inflicting a penalty of 20 pounds for ab1815. The United States frigate President, senting from church. Com. Decatur, captured by four British 1599. EDMUND SPENCER, the English vessels, after a sharp action, and a chase poet, died, aged 46. lHis first poem, the of 18 hours. Loss of the Americans 22 Shepherd's Calendar, appeared in 1576. killed, 59 wounded; British loss 11 killed, He went to Ireland as private secretary to 14 wounded. the lord lieutenant, and commenced the 1825. ROBERT GOODLOE HARPER, an Faery Queen while in that country. The American statesman, died. He was born rebellion took place with such fury that in Virginia, of poor parentage; acquired he was obliged to leave the country in so the rudiments of a classical education; great confusion, that an infant child was served a campaign in the revolutionary left behind, and burntwith his house. The army; after which he entered Princeton unfortunate poet died soon after his arcollege. He subsequently settled in South rival in England, in consequence of these Carolina, in the practice of the law, and misfortunes. acquired great reputation as a professional 1643. Parliament of England forbid man and a politician. free commerce, and ordered no wagon or 1827. JEAN DENIS LANJUINAIS died. He carriage to go to Oxford Without a license. Jan. 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 29 1668. The earl of SHREWSBURY slain in a Portugal and Sweden were governed by duel by the duke of Buckingham, wvho regents or viceroys at the same time. had lived in open adultery with Shrews- 1813. LEwIs BARNEY died at Champlain, bury's wife. It is said that she, in the New York, aged 105. He had 24 children habit of a page, held Buckingham's horse by one wife. when he was fighting with her husband. 1815. HENRIY THORNTON, founder of the 1706. Articles of union between Eng- Sierra Leone company, and a writer on the land and Scotland ratified by the Scottish credit of Great Britain, died. parliament 110 to 69. 1816. The bridge at the falls of the 1715. ROBERT NELSON died, an English Schuylkill fell with the great body of gentleman of fortune, which he employed snow upon it. in works of benevolence and charity. Few 1816. JOHN WRIGHT, the first constable works on devotional subjects were more of Cumberland county, Virginia, died, popular than his. aged 107. 1748. The bottle conjuror imposed on 1817. ALEXANDER JAMES DALLAS, an a great multitude at the Haymarket thea- eminent lawyer of Philadelphia, died. He tre, by announcing that he would jump filled the office of secretary of state in into a quart bottle. Pennsylvania many years; and also that 1760. Pondicherry, defended by the of secretary of the treasury of the United Frenlch under General Lally, taken by the States a short time previous to his death. English under Colonel Coote. 1838. DOROTHY TORREY died at Wind1772. A revolution in Denmark which sor, Conn., aged 107. terminated in the imprisonment of the 1843. State lunatic asylum, at Utica, royal family, and finally the banishment New York, went into operation. of the queen, sister to George III of Eng- 1854. ALDEN PARTRIDGE died at Norland. wich, Vt.; nearly fifty years engaged in 1780. The Spanish fleet of 11 sail, military instruction, and some time prinunder Langara, destroyed off St. Vincent cipal of West Point academy. by the British fleet of 19 sail, under Rodney. Langara was dangerously wounded and taken prisoner. One of the Spanish JANUARY 17. ships with 600 men on board was blown up, and all perished. The British lost 32 86. B. c. CAIus MARIUS, the Roman conkilled and 102 wounded. sul, died. He was the son of a farmer in 1790. The bean-fed friars ejected from indigent circumstances; but by his talents their convents by an augean labor of the and energy raised himself to the highest French revolution. dignity of the greatest state in the world. 1794. EDWARD GIBBON, the historian, 395. The Emperor THEODOSIUS died at died, aged 57. During his visit to Rome Milan, soliciting his heirs faithfully to exein 1764, he formed the plan of writing the cute his will. Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. In 1009. ABD-EL-MALEK, a Moorish prince, 1774 he obtained a seat in parliament, and crucified by his conqueror. two years alter appeared the first quarto 1380. An act of parliament passed, by volume of his history. A disorder which which foreign ecclesiastics were incapacihe had endured twenty three years termi- tated from holding benefices in England. nated in a mortification. 1467. JOHN CASTRIOTTO, (or Scanderbeg) 1795. Retreat of the British from Ut- prince of Albania, dia:d. His father placed recht, in Holland, upon which the inhabi- him as a hostage with the sultan of Turtants capitulated to the French. key, by whom he was educated in the 1796. The first theatre at Botany bay Mohammedan faith, and at the age of 18 opened by the convicts at Sydney cove. placed at the head of a body of troops. He 1809. Battle of Corunna in Spain, be- afterwards deserted to the Christians, and tween the French and English, and death on ascending the throne of his fathers reof Sir John Moore, who fell mortally nouncedthe Mohammedan faith. He obwounded by a cannon shot, at the mo- tained repeated victories over the Turks. ment of victory achieved by the troops After his death, when Albania submitted under his command. His men buried to the Moslem dominion, the Turks dug him in his cloak, and the French, in testi- up his bones which they wore to transfer mony of his gallantry, erected a monu- his courage to themselves. ment over his remains. He was unmar- 1524. VERRAZANO sailed from a desoried and in his 47th year. late rock near Madeira, with fifty men and 1812. The king of Sicily, on account of provisions for eight months, arms, muniill-health, abdicated the throne in favor tions and other naval stores, on his voyof his son, until he should recover. It age westwardly, expecting to reach Cais remarkable that Great Britain, Spain, thay. 30 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 17. 1546. MARTIN LUTHER preached his final of the daring enterprises he proposed, he sermon at Wittemberg. finally determined to make the tour of the 1556. PHILIP NERLI, the Florentine his- globe from London east, on foot; and had torian, died. proceeded as far as Yakutsk in Siberia, 1684. WENTWORTH DILLON, earl of Ros- when he was arrested by order of the common, died at Rome. Tle early part queen as a French spy and hurried back of his life was spent in dissipation, but to the frontiers of Poland. He returned he afterwards conducted with more discre- to London, he says, "disappointed, ragtion, and became distinguished among the ged, pennyless, but with a whole heart." wits of the day. Johnson calls him the He had scarcely taken lodgings when Sir most correct writer of English verse be- Joseph Banks proposed an African expefore Dryden. dition. He accepted the offer and pro1694. A powder magazine of 218 barrels ceeded as far as Cairo, where he was atexploded at Dublin, doing much damage. tacked by a disease which carried him off. 1701. ROGER MORRIS, an English chap- 1789. CHARLES IV proclaimed king of lain, died, aged 73. He was a diligent Spain. collector' of ecclesiastical manuscripts re- 1791. Lord DUNGARVON, an Irish peer, lating to the history of the English church, was tried at the Old Bailey, London, for whereof, says Strype, "he left vast heaps stealing three and a half guineas from a behind him." poor woman in town, but was acquitted. 1705. JOHN RAY, an English naturalist, 1792. GEORGE HORNE, bishop of Nordied. He was the son of a blacksmith: wich, died. His Sermons and Commentary received a liberal education at Cambridge, on the Psalms, are well known. and devoted himself to science and litera- 1795. The stadtholder, WILLIAM V, obture. His publications were numerous. tained permission from the States General 1706. Birthday of BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. to withdraw from Holland. 1733. GEORGE BYNG, an.-nglish ad- 1800. The church at Chelmsford, Engmiral, died. He entered the _Aavy at the land, fell; it was first built in 1424. age of 15, and gradually rose t6ithe high- 1804. CHARLES NISBET died, aged 67. est honors and distinctions. He was a Scotch clergyman, and the first 1746. Battle of Falkirk, in which the president of Dickinson college in Pennsylforces of the Pretender were victorious vania. over the royal army. 1806. An iris or lunar rainbow was 1750. The singular ceremony of the seen for one hour o (9 lto 101) at Wakefield Greek church of consecrating the water in in Yorkshire, England. memory of Christ's baptism, performed at 1810. Masquerades and masked balls St. Petersburg. prohibited by the authorities in the city 1766. FREDERICK V, king of Denmark of Philadelphia. and Norway, died. 1811. The Mexican patriots under Hi1781. Battle' of the Cowpens, in South dalgo totally defeated near'Guadalaxara by Carolina, and defeat of 1100 British under the Spaniards under Cal ja. Tarleton, by an inferior force of Americans 1813. Capture of the United States brig under Morgan. British loss 100 killed and Vixen, 12 guns, Capt. Henley, by the wounded, and 500 prisoners; 800 mus- British frigate Narcissus. kets, 2 field pieces, 35 baggage wagons, 1815. The king of Spain issued an eaict and 100 dragoon horses fell into the hands against freemasonry. of the conquerors. The loss of the Ameri- 1817. At Philadelphia and Albany the cans was 12 killed and 60 wounded. singular phenomena of snow, clear wea~1783. Action between the British frigate ther, rain, snow, thunder and lightning, Magicienne and the French frigate Sybille. hail and snow, was observed in succesThe latter lost her masts, and was cap- sion. tured a few days after by the Hussar. 1836. Two engagements in the moun1789. JOHN LEDYARD, the traveler, died. tains of Arlaban, between the forces of the He was born at Groton, Cnn., 1751; en- queen of Spain under Gen. Cordova and tered Dartmouth college at the age of 19, the Carlists, in which the latter were debut for some reproof resolved to escape: feated. accordingly he felled a tree on the bank of 1841. REzIN P. BOWIE died at New Orthe Connecticut, of which he constructed leans, aged 48; "well known in the a canoe, and descended the river 140 southwest by his many deeds of valor in miles to Hartford: studied theology a its early history, among the Mexicans and while, and then enlisted as a common savages." sailor for a voyage to Gibraltar; accon- 1851. SPENCER COMPTON, marquis of panied Capt. Cook in one of his voyages, Northampton, died, aged 61. He was preof which he published an account. Not sident of the Royal society; was assomeeting with assistance to prosecute any ciated with Wilberforce in the anti-sla Jan. 17.]1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 31 very-cause, and with Macintosh as a crimi- English printer, died. He was a man fernal law reformer. tile in invention, and effected improve1854. Two rail road bridges and cross- ments in the art which could scarcely have ings at Erie, Pa., destroyed by a mob of been expected from the exertions of a women, who were afterwards escorted single individual. through the town with banners, headed 1777. Battle of Kingsbridge, N. Y., beby a band of music. tween the Americans under Gen. Heath 1856. ZADOCK THOMPSON died, aged 59; and the Hessians. author of several historical works relating 1782. DUMITER RADULY died at Haromsto Vermont, and a naturalist. zeck, at the remarkable age of 140. 1793. GEORGE GORDON, an English nobleman, after five years' imprisonment, apJANUARY 18. peared to give ball; but the attorney-general refused to accept of it. He was there1486. HENRY VII married the princess fore remanded. Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Edward IV. 1795. The French under Salm took UtThus uniting the houses of York and Lan- recht in Holland, and Gen. Van Damme caster, blending the Roses. took Arnhem; the prince of Orange and 1534. Lima, the present capital of Peru, his family escaping to England. founded by PIZARRO; thirty years before a 1797. FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, an Amerisingle town was founded within the limits can statesman, died at his residence in of the United States, St. Augustine, Florida, Virginia, aged 63. being founded 1565. 1804. Goree taken by the French from 1546. The council of Trent assembled the English. and agreed upon a confession of faith. 1806. EUGENE NAPOLEON BEAUIIARNAIS 1561. The first English tragedy per- married to Augusta Amelia, daughter of formed, at Whitehall, before the queen. the king of Bavaria. It was entitled Gorboduc, from the name of 1810. LYON LEVY, a jeweler, threw a supposed ancient British king, and was himself from the monument in London. written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas 1811. Gen. JUNOT wounded in the face Norton. It consists of five acts, each pre- by a musket ball, while reconnoitering the ceded by a dumb show, prefiguring what British lines. is to occur; the first four acts close by 1813. Battle at Frenchtown in Michigan, choruses in rhyme, and the fifth by a di- between the United States troops and the dactic speech of nearly two hundred lines. British and Indians, when the latter were Sir Philip Sydney pronounced it "full of defeated. American loss, 12 killed, 55 statelyspeeches and well-sounding phrases, wounded. climbing to the height of Seneca his stile, 1815. The British decamped from before and full of notable morality, which it doth Fort St. Philip, on the Mississippi, which most delightfully teach." they had bombarded from the 9th. About 1701. FREDERICK III of Brandenburgh 12 o'clock at night they took to their boats, crowned first king of Prussia, by the title leaving 80 of their wounded, 14 pieces of Frederick I. heavy artillery, and a great quantity of 1703. THOMAS HYDE died. He was an shot. Oriental interpreter during the reigns of 1815. STANISLAUS, chevalier de BoufCharles II, James II, and William III. fleurs, died at Paris, aged 78. He was the 1713. ARCANGELO CORELLI, an Italian son of the marchioness de Bouffleurs, miscomposer, died. He became so great a tress of Stanislaus, king of Poland. He master in the science of music, that his distinguished himself in the army, which countrymen bestowed on him the cogno- however he left to give his attention to men of II Divino. literature. He was considered one of the 1718. SAMUEL GARTH, an English poet most ingenious men of his time, and was and physician, died. He settled in Lon- noted for the elegance of his manners and don where by his professional skill he soon conversation. The epitaph on his tomb, acquired a very extensive practice; and by written by himself, is characteristic of him: his wit and conversational powers dis- Mes amis, croyez vous que-je dors? tinguished himself among the literati of 1816. Thanksgiving throughout England the day,. on the restoration of peace. 1739. SAMUEL BERNARD, one of the 1819. JOHN WILLSON, died in London, richest and most celebrated financiers of aged 52. * He sometime held the chief Europe, died at Paris. His funeral pro- command at Ceylon; and subsequently adcession equaled that of a prince in point ministered the government of Upper CAof magnificence and in the train of dis- nada. tinguished attendants. 1826. OMMEGANCK, one of the most ce1775. JOHN BASKERVILLE, an eminent lebrated Dutch landscape painters, died at 32 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 18. Antwerp. His pieces are distinguished for aspired to the hand of the Princess Mary, good taste, and for freshness and warmth and on some frivolous charges was tried by of coloring. a common jury, by whom he was obsequi1829. JOHN GEORGE HENRY HASSEL, a ously found guilty of treason. Thus perdistinguished German geographer and sta- ished a man' no less valiant than learned, tistical writer, died at Weimar. and of excellent hopes," aged 27. 1834. NATHANIEL AMEs died at Provi- 1565. JAMES LAYNEZ, one ofthe foundence. He was the son of Fisher Ames, ders of the Society of Jesus, died. He was and a seaman by profession. He is the born in Castile, 1512. His intimacy with author of Mariners' Sketches, Nautical Re- Loyola was formed in Paris, where they miniscences, and Old Sailor's Yarns. matured the plan of the society. Loyola 1848. JOHN DEIDRICH PETERSON died at was chosen the first general, and in 1558 Markham, Canada. He was the pioneer was succeeded by Laynez. pastor of th t town. 1576. HANS SACIs, the famous German 1854. JUDnaH TouRo died at New Orleans, master-singer, died. He was born at Nuaged 78; bequeathing nearly two millions remberg 1494; his occupation that of a of dollars to the public institutions of that shoemaker. At the age of 14 he began to city. write poetry, and made verses and shoes, 1854. WILLIAM WALKER proclaimed the plays and pumps, with equal assiduity, to republic of Sonora. the age of 77, when le took an inventory of his literary stock in trade. It consisted of 4200 songs, 508 comedies, and other JANUARY 19. pieces, in all 6048, making 32 folio volumes written by his own hand. From these a 1472. Birthday of COPERNICUS, at Thorn selection was published in 5 volumes folio. in Prussia. His poems are distinguished for naivete, 1514. VAsco NUNEZ DF, BALBOA returned feeling, and striking description. to his colony at Darien, after having made 1643. Battle of Liscard, in Cornwall, the discovery of the Pacific ocean. His England. expedition occupied four months and a 1657. MILES SYNDERCOMBE and others half; his triumph was complete. The convicted of plotting the death of Oliver whole population poured down to the shore Cromwell. to meet him, to hail -him as the author of 1706. CHARLES SACKVILLE, earl of Dorset their fortunes, as less a man than a gift of and Middlessex, died. He was an accomheaven, to guide them into the possession plished scholar and a good speaker, but of glories and riches incalculable. The declined all public employment, being expedition had been undertaken in con- wholly engrossed in gallantry and pleasure. sequence of the extravagant representations He was the patron of poets and men of wit: by the Indians, of a people who lived on his own productions are those of a man of the borders of that ocean, six suns distant, wit, vigorous, gay and airy. He served in who. owned large ships, and whose eating the Dutch war of 1665 as a volunteer, and and drinking vessels were of pure gold. on the night before an engagement, comThey referred to the Peruvians. posed the celebrated song, beginning, "To 1535. Date of the probate of the will of all you ladies now at hand." the famed early English printer, Wynkyn 1728. WILLIAM CONGREVE, the English de Worde. dramatist, died. He was educated for the 1547. HENRY HowARD, earl of Surrey, a bar, but like many others similarly situated, soldier, scholar and poet, beheaded on gave up the law for the pursuit of polite Tower hill for treason. In his youth he literature, in which he was eminently sucmade the tour of Europe, and at Florence cessful. His first work, The Incognita, was signalized his courage and romantic spirit, written at a very early age, and he produby publishing, in the style of a knight- ced his first comedy at the age of 21. errant, a challenge to all comers, Christians, 1730. PETER II of Russia died of the Jews, Saracens, Turks and Cannibals, in small pox. He was the grandson of Peter defence of the surpassing beauty of his the Great, and ascended the throne by the mistress, the fair Geraldine; and was vic- will of Catharine, when but 13 years old. torious at the tournament instituted by the 1757. THOMAS RUDDIMAN, a celebrated grand duke on the occasion. He served in Scottish printer and grammarian, and who the army sent against Scotland in 1542, and excelled in many learned treatises, died. in 1544 accompanied the troops with which 1776. Great eruption of mount Vesuthe king invaded France. For his services vius. he was promoted, but being defeated in an 1777. HUGH MERCER, an officer of the attempt to seize a convoy, he was super- revolution, died. He was a Scotchman by seded. This unmerited disgrace was the birth, and was in the memorable battle of beginning of his ruin. He is said to have Culloden. Soon after, he emigrated to Jan. 19.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 33 America, and was engaged with Washing- this day. A subsequent British expedition ton in the Indian wars of 1755. He joined sailed over its site without being able to the patriots of the revolution, and dis- discern any vestige of it. It is supposed tinguished himself at Trenton and Prince- to have been a series of icebergs. ton; was wounded in the latter engage- 1843. THos. W. WHITE, editor of the ment, of which he died. His funeral was Southern Literary Messenger, died at Richattended by 30,000 people. mond. 1778. FRANCIS FURGLER, the New Jersey 1847. PETER R. LIVINGSTON, a prominent recluse, died. During 25 years, without man in the counsels and politics of the fire, he lived in a cell in the form of an state of New York, died at Rhinebeck. oven, about four miles from Burlington. 1848. ISAAC D'ISRAELT, author of the 1782. The emperor JOSEPH pardoned all Curiosities of Literature, died aged 82. those who kept out of his dominions on 1853. C. B. ADAMS, an eminent American account of religion, provided they return- naturalist, and professor in Amherst coled within a year; he also abolished several lege, died. religious orders, and absolved the monks 1854. GEORGE McFEELY, died at Carlisle, and nuns from their vows, and at the Pa., aged 73. He distinguished himself same time disclaimed all subordination to on the Niagara frontier in 1813. the pope in secular affairs. 1795. Insurrection in the island of Granada. 1795. The French under Devinther took JANUARY 20. Amersfoort in Holland, and the advance of the French army entered Amsterdam. 1265. The earl of Leicester having de1796. The brass coffin, containing the feated Henry III, summoned a new parliabones of Columbus and the chains with ment, in which the commons were first rewhich he had been loaded at Cuba, were presented. removed from St. Domingo to Havana, by 1546. FREDERICK, elector palatine, estabthe direction of his descendants. Thevy lished without any acts of violence, the are now preserved in a silver urn on the protestant religion. left of the altar of the cathedral. 1662. Three women condemned at Hart1806. JAMES JACKSON, an officer of the ford, Conn., as witches, one of whom was revolution, died. He came from England hanged. only two years before the war, and although 1706. HUMPHREY HODY died, an eminent but 19 years of age in 1776, he displayed English writer. A dissertation on the regreat intrepidity at the attack upon Savan- surrection of the body asserted is one of nah. He continued in the service through- his most useful works. out the war, and in 1782 was presented by 1745. CHARLES VII of Germany died at the legislature with a house and lot in Sa- Munich, aged 48. vannah. He held various civil offices in 1764. Mr. WILKES was expelled the the state, and at the time of his death was British house of commons for writing the a senator in congress. North Briton No. 45. This famed in1809. The French entered Corunna. dividual was subsequently outlawed; dis1812. Ciudad Rodrigo, a town and fort- regarded his outlawery; was three times ress in Spain, eight miles from the Portu- elected for Middlesex, and his election as guese line, garrisoned by 1700 Frenchmen, often voted void by the commons, though taken by storm by the British under Wel- returned by large majorities. lington, after a siege of 11 days. 1770. Lord Chancellor YORKE committed 1817. Riot and rebellion of the students suicide in the 48th year of his age. He of Princeton college. was a distinguished English politician, and 1819. CHARLES IV, king of Spain, died. his death is ascribed to remorse for negHe was born at Naples 1740, and came to lecting a promise he had made to his the throne of Spain 1788. Too imbecile brother to accept of no office from court. to govern, he was always ruled by his wife 1776. Gen. SCHUYLER disarmed the Highand ministers. He was dethroned by Na- landers at Johnstown, N. Y., and took six poleon 1808, and died a pensioner at Na- hostages. ples of a relapse of the gout. 1777. Gen. DICKINSON, with 400 militia 1836. JOHN BUTLER, " the celebrated and 50 Pennsylvania riflemen, defeated a huntsman," died, in Wake county, N. C. British foraging party, took 9 prisoners, 100 He was supposed to be at least 110 years of horses, 40 wagons and a number of cattle. age, and left a wife surviving equally as 1779. BENEDICT ARNOLD condemned to old. be' reprimanded by the commander-in1840. The United States exploring expe- chief, for misdemeanor at Philadelphia. dition under Lieut. Wilkes reported the 1779. DAVID GARRICK, the actor, died. discovery of a new antarctic continent on He formed a new era in the English stage, 5 34 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 20 a reform both in the conduct and license advice that a Bengalee newspaper had been of the drama, which was honorable to the issued, edited by a learned Hindoo. Its genius that had the power to effect it. title was Sungband Cowmuddy, or the Moon 1781. A revolt of 160 of the Jersey line of Intelligence. at Morristown. It was suppressed and two 1835. The city of Mocha taken by the of the ringleaders executed. Egyptians under Achmet Pacha; by which 1783. The Independence of the United the whole of Arabia was rendered subject States acknowledged by Great Britain. to Mehemet Ali, pacha of Egypt. 1788. GEORGE JOACHIM ZOLLIKOFER, a 1836. XAVIER SAUBERT, the celebrated Swiss divine, died. He was born 1730, fire-king, being engaged in making some and became one of the most eminent experiments in chemistry, with phosphoric preachers of the last century. His ser- ether, it exploded and scattered his body mons have been published in 15 vols. into a thousand pieces. 1788. Australia first colonized, nearly 1836. Treaty of peace and commerce three centuries after the discovery of the signed between the United States and the Ladrones by Magellan, which constitute a republic of Venezuela. part of it. Governor Philip arrived with 1839. The army of the confederation of a number of convicts from England, and Bolivia and Peru, commanded by Santa established a colony at Port Jackson in pre- Cruz in person, was entirely defeated and ference to Botany Bay. destroyed, at Yungay, with a loss of 2,600 1790. JOHN HOWARD, the philanthropist, killed and 3,400 prisoners. Santa Cruz imdied at Cherson in Russia, aged 63. He mediately resigned his office. had taken up his residence at this settle- 1843. A report fully approving of the ment on the Baltic sea; a malignant fever conduct of Com. McKenzie and his officers prevailing there, he was prompted by on board the United States brig of war Sohumanity to visit a patient laboring under mers, was brought in by the court apthe contagion, when he received the infec- pointed for that purpose. tion, and died in consequence. 1848. CHRISTIAN VIII, king of Denmark, 1790. LAFAYETTE, in the assembly of the died in the 62d year of his age and 9th of states general supported the motion forthe his reign. A constitution was offered the abolition of titles of nobility, from which same day by his successor. period he renounced his own, and never 1854. A tornado in Ohio half a mile in afterwards resumed it. width demolished every thing it encoun1795. The French under Pichegru enter- tered, andl almost entirely destroyed the ed Amsterdam, and Geertruidenberg ca- town of Brandon. pitulated to Gen. Bonneau. This day in.the calendar of Hesiod, is 1795. A great fire occurred at Bergen in most propitious for the birth of men. Norway, when 60 houses and a great many stores were burnt. 1796. PICHEGRU attacked Kaiserslautern, JANUARY 21. but was repulsed with the loss of 2000 men and several cannon. Austrian loss about 988. ADALBERO, archbishop of Rheims, 700 killed and wounded. died. He assisted in placing Hugh Capet 1798. The frigate Crescent sailed from on the throne of France. Portsmouth, N. H., as a present from the 1582. FERDINAND ALVAREZ DE TOLEDo, United States to the dey of Algiers; she duke of Alva, a- Spanish general and minisalso carried out presents to the amount of ter of state, died, aged 74. It is said of $300,000. him that during nearly sixty years of war1800. THOMAS MIFFLIN, an officer of the fare against different enemies, he never lost revolution, died. He was a member of the a battle, and was never taken by surprise. first congress, and for many years governor He was undoubtedly the ablest general of of Pennsylvania. his age; had a proud mien, a noble aspect 1813. CHRISTOPHER MARTIN WIELAND, a and a strong frame; slept little, labored German author of great repute, died aged and wrote much. But pride, severity and 80. He was the father of 14 children, and cruelty tarnished his renown, so that he 42 quarto volumes of books! by the sale became odious even to his own countryof which last he was enabled to purchase men. an estate. He was knighted by Alexander 1609. JoSEPH JUSTUS SCALIGER died, aged of Russia, and by Napoleon. 69. His education commenced early, and 1817. The weather had been so moderate he was one of the most indefatigable stuthat up to this time no ice had been seen dents through a long life, that was ever on the Delaware at Philadelphia. known. So entfirely immersed was he in 1817. JAMES ANTHONY, of Hanover co., his studies, that he passed whole days in Va.i died, aged 104. his chamber without eating or drinking, 1823. The British government received and paid very little attention to the com Jan. 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 35 mon affairs of life. He may be called the loss of 800 killed and wounded, by the founder of the science of chronology. British under Col. Coote, who lost 262 do. 1647. The plague broke out at Edin- 1769. The first letter of JuNIUS appeared burgh. A writer of the time says, that the in Woodfall's Public A.dvertiser; and the last plague they had raged so violently last number was also published on this that the fortieth person lived not of those day, 1772. who dwelt there four years before, but that 1773. ALEXIS PIRON, a French dramatist, it was peopled with new faces. died. His first effusions were satires, which 1666. SHAH JEHAN, a Mogul emperor, procured him so many enemies that even died, aged 74. He was the son and suc- in the latter part of his life he could not cessor of Jehangir, but did not inherit much get admission into the Academy. He reof the talent and spirit of that powerful venged himself by calling them les invalides ruler. During a severe illness the govern- du bel esprit, and composing his own hument was usurped by his son, and on his morous epitaph: recovery he was removed from Delhi to Ci-git Piron, qui nefut rien, Agra, where he died, probably by poison. Pas me acadimicien. 1692. King WILLIAM and his court issued a proclamation against vice and profane- 1774. MUSTAPHA III, emperor of Turkey, ness. died, and was succeeded by his brother 1702. The affirmation allowed by Queen Abdul Hamet. Anne to the quakers in England, extended 1775. PUGATcHEF, the daring chief of to those of Pennsylvania. the Tartars, defeated by the Russians, into 1707. AURUNGZEBE, (ornament of the whose hands lie fell and was put to death. throne,) died; the last powerful and ener- 1780. Admiral RODNEY of the English getic sovereign that ruled over the Mogul fleet arrived with his prizes and transports empire of Ilindostan. From his 20th year, for the relief of Gibraltar; the garrison military duties devolved upon him; he was short of provisions. raised a body of troops, and obtained the 1782. Grand fete in Paris on the birth government of the Deccan. He invited of the dauphin. his old friends the fakirs, or religious men- 1793. Louvs XVI beheaded at Paris, aged dicants, to a feast, and compelled them to 38. He had reigned 17 years and 7 months, put on new and decent clothing. The and is now represented as an amiable and gold and silver pieces which he found onl benevolent man, anxious to make his subburning their old garments, was of great jects happy; who in turn treated him in service to him in prosecuting the war the vilest manner, and executed him as a against his elder brother for the sovereign- tyrant and a traitor. Htis behavior on many ty. He stirred up dissensions among his trying occasions vindicated him effectually brothers, by which they were put out of of timidity, and showed that the unwillinghis way, shut up his father in his harem, ness to shed blood by which he was parand in 1659 ascended the throne. Not- ticularly distinguished, arose from benewithstanding his cruelty he governed with rolence, and not from pusillanimity. Upon much wisdom, and consulted the welfare the scaffold he exhibited a firmness that of his people. Two of his sons endeavor- became a noble spirit. ing to form a party in their own favor, he 1814. JACQUES sBERNARDIN HENRY DE ST. caused to be put to death by slow poison. PIERRE, a French philosophical writer, In the midst of his activity he died at Ah- died, at his estate near Paris. He is best mednagar, and with his death terminated known as the author of Paul and Virginia, the brilliant epoch of the Moguls. which appeared in 1788, and passed 1721. FRANCIS PAGI died, author of a through fifty editions in one year. It has chronological history of the popes. been generally translated in Europe. - 1733. BERNARD DE MANDEVILLE, an Eng- 1815. MATTHIAS CLAUDIUS, a German lish author, died. He was born at Dort in poet, died. His prose and poetry are said Holland, and went to England to practice to bear a peculiar stamp of humor, frankmedicine. Meeting with poor encourage- ness and cordiality, and many of his songs, ment, he turned author; but his topics, set to music by the first composers, have though professedly intended for the pro- become a part of the national melodies. motion of the public morals, introduced He filled several public offices. him to the notice of the grand jury. His 1816. Day of general mourning in France, pen procured the means of subsistence, on account of the death of Louis XVI, but acquired for him an unenviable noto- twenty-three years after his execution. riety. 1820. AMBROISE MARIE FRANCIS JOSEPE 1750. JoHN BLAND, the renowned writing PALIsoT DR BEAUVAIS, a French naturalist, master, died at his academy in London. died. He came to America in the pursuit 1759. Battle of Wandewash, in India. of science, and while at Philadelphia learnt The French under Lally defeated with the that he had been proscribed by the re 36 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 21. volutionists as an emigrant. He supported patent for printing music, for the term of himself as a teacher of music and lan- twenty-one years. guages until the arrival of the French 1683. ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, first earl minister, who afforded Palisot the means of Shaftsbury, died. The career of this of prosecuting inquiries into the natural able, but dubious and versatile statesman history of America. He was employed to was cast in a stormy period, and his acts arrange Peale's collection. On returning have been severely reprehended. Yet much to France with his rich collections, he was of it is to the attributed to the odium exadmitted into the Institute, in the place of cited by opposing party feelings. His vices Adanson. appear to have been redeemed by corres1824. CHARLES MACARTHY killed. He ponding virtues, and had he appeared in a commanded at the Cape-Coast against the different age, it is likely he would have deAshantees. Whilst making preparations veloped a different character. to repel these savages in 1821, the king sent 1689. The British parliament having his compliments to him, and said he hoped met under the name of a convention, deto have his head as an ornament to their clared that the king, James II, had abdigreat war drum. Subsequently Sir Charles cated the throne. William and Mary sucmarched against the enemy with a mixed ceeded him. force of Europeans and blacks; the latter 1696. Birthday of JAMES BRUCKER, a ran away, and the whites being defeated German scholar, remembered by his Critiand their commander captured, the fero- cal History of Philosophy, 6 vols. 4to. He cious menace was realized. The trophy gives an account of every school, from the however was afterwards recovered. Hebrew, Chaldaic and Egyptian, down to 1839. Great conflagration at Constantin- the Huron in America. ople, in which the grand -vizier's palace, 1749. MATTHEW CONCANEN, some time called the Sublime Porte, including the attorney-general of Jamaica, and a dramatic ministerial and administration offices, was writer, died. destroyed. Loss estimated at 20,000,000 1788. Birthday of Lord BYRON. piasters. 1795. The French under Macdonald en1847. Major JAMES MORTON, died at High tered Naarden, Holland. Hill, Virginia, aged 90. In the revolu- 1800. GEORGE STEVENS died, best known tionary war he acquired the cognomen of as the editor of Shakspeare, though to the Solid Column, by which soubriquet he was versatility and richness of his talent there recognized by La Fayette in 1824, at Rich- are numerous testimonials. His literary mond. collections were extremely curious, and as 1854. The magnificent British vessel regards the days that are gone, of great Tayleur on its voyage to Melbourne, value. wrecked on the Irish coast, and 370 per- 1809. Naval action off Guadaloupe besons lost. - tween the British frigate Cleopatra and sloop of war Hazard, and the French frigate Topaz, 40 guns. The engagement JANUARY 22. lasted 45 minutes, and resulted in the capture of the Topaz, which was laden with The Catagogia, an erotic and bacchanalian provisions to relieve the garrison at Cafestival celebrated at Ephesus by its licen- yenne. tious devotees, about the first century. 1810. The French forced the passage of 97. TIMOTHY, to whom St. Paul ad- the Sierra Morena, in Spain. dressed several epistles, is said to have 1812. Madame REIcHARD ascended in a been killed at Paris (Ephesus). balloon to a great height at Kmenigsberg in 1265. First English parliament constitut- Prussia. The balloon was totally destroyed of members from counties, &c., as at ed by a hurricane, and the aeronaut precipresent, met. pitated to the earth, yet escaped with life. 1528. HENRY VIII and FRANCIS I de- 1813. Second battle of Frenchtown in dared war against Charles V of Germany. Michigan. The van of Gen. Harrison's 1552. The duke of SOMERSETbeheaded army, about 750 men. was attacked at on pretence o:t inciting others to imprison day break by 2000 British and Indians unDudley, the cduke of Northumberland. He der Proctor and Tecumseh. Notwithstanwas a distinguished writer of that age. ding the superiority of the latter in numn1561. Birthday of FRANCIS BACON, the bers, the Americans fought with desperaEnglish philosopher. tion six hours, when they surrendered. 1562. The two houses of convocation British loss, as stated by Proctor, 24 killed, subscribed the 39 articles of the English 128 wounded; the loss of the Indians is church. supposed to have been greater. American 1575. Queen ELIZABETH granted to Tho- loss, 200 killed, 522 prisoners, 27 escaped. mas Tallis and William Birde an exclusive Proctor was promoted. Jan. 22.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 37 1815. The remains of Louis XVI and his in revenge of the murder of the grandson queen taken up from the burial ground, of Mahomet, seven centuries before, by and deposited with much solemnity in the the Syrians. royal church of St. Denis. 1516. FERDINAND V of Spain died. He 1815. American commodore PATTERSON inherited the crowns of Aragon and Sicily, captured a British transport schooner, and and united to them the kingdom of Castile took 63 prisoners. His own force was 53. by marriage. In 1492 he added to these 1815. United States privateer schooner the kingdom of Granada, the last possesTomahawk 9 guns and 84 men, captured sion of the Moors, by conquest; at the by the British ship Bulwark. same time Columbus was discovering for 1818. CASPAR WISTAR died, a distin- him the new world. By force and treachery guished physician of Philadelphia. He he acquired the kingdom of Naples, and was of German parentage, and a member by similar means Navarre was also added of the society of Friends; became eminent to his dominions. Thus the whole of Spain as an anatomist, and corresponded with was united under him; so that he may be Cuvier and other eminent naturalists of considered as the restorer if not the foundEurope. He held scientific meetings at his er of the Spanish monarchy. He was the own house, and was an active contributer most powerful monarch of his time; but to knowledge of all kinds. He died of a his conduct was characterized by a total slow fever, caught by attending a poor want of faith, and a recklessness of prinfamily in a close apartment. ciple of which he made no scruple of 1822. JOHN JULIUS ANGERSTEIN died, ce- boasting. He was the founder of that fearlebrated as the founder of the British na- ful tribunal, the Inquisition. tional gallery, which was purchased by the 1570. Earl MURRAY, regent of Scotland, government after his death for ~40,000, shot by Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh. The (Cyclopedia.Americana says ~60,000) and was latter, after the battle of Langside hill, had first exhibited in May, 1824. He was born been condemned to' death as a rebel, and at St. Petersburg, 1735. pardoned. A part of his estate, however, 1830. Great fire at Pera, Constantinople, was bestowed upon one of the regent's extinguished by the exertions of the crew favorites, who seized Hamilton's house and of an English ship. turned his wife out into the fields naked 1834. Great earthquake in South-Ameri- in a cold night, by which she became deca; the cities of Popayan and Pasto al- ranged. This injury induced him to seek most entirely destroyed, and many lives revenge on the regent, after which he eslost. caped to France. 1835. ANDREWWALLACE died at NewYork, 1722. HENRI DE BOULAINVILLIERS, count aged 105. He emigrated from Scotland in of St. Saire in Normandy, died. Having 1752, enlisted in the American army in finished his studies he entered the army, 1776, and continued in it till 1813, when which however, he soon left to devote his he was honorably discharged, on account attention to literature. A marked antipathy of his disability, having suffered a stroke to revelation pervades his writings, and of paralysis. exhibits itself in singular contrast with a 1840. JOHN FREDERICK BLUMENBICH died superstitious reverence for judicial astroloat Gittingen, aged 88. He was long a dis- gy, and the mystic sciences, which he cultinguished professor at the university, and tivated with much diligence. a very eminent naturalist. His collection 1733. o. s. Birthday of BENJAMIN LINof skulls was said to be the richest in the COLN, a revolutionary general, at Hingham, world. The 50thyear of his professorship Mass. Great reliance was placed in his was celebrated in 1826. abilities by Washington, and many im1849.. JOHN C. CALHOUN'S draft of an ad- portant commissions entrusted to him. In dress to the people of the United States 1781 he was appointed secretary of war, adopted in preference to Berrien's, andi the which office he held three years, and then Southern convention adjourned sine die, retired to his farm. He died 1810. 1854. PATRICK O'DONABOE died at Brook- 1761. Action between the British frigate lyn, N. Y.; one of the Irish exiles who Minerva, 22 guns, Capt. Hood, and French escaped from Van Diemen's Land. ship Warwick, 34 guns, M. de Bellair, near cape Pinas, which resulted in the capture of the latter. French loss 14 killed, 32 JANUARY 23. wounded; British loss 14 killed, 33 wounded, 3 of whom died. 1401. TAMERLANE introduced his troops 1765. The British under Capt. Byron into the city of Damascus, in violation of colonized the Falkland islands. a truce; and after levying an enormous 1766. WILLIAM CASLON, an eminent Engcontribution in gold, massacred the in- lish type founder, died. He was induced habitants, and reduced the city to ashes, to attempt letter-cutting by a friend, and 38 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 23. such was the perfection to which. he car- 1802. HUMBOLDT and his companions asried the art, that the beauty of his type cended Chimborazo to the height of 18,576 exceeded all others of the day, and was feet above the surface of the sea. The sought for from other countries on the blood started from their eyes, lips and gums, continent. He was employed to cut char- and they became almost torpid with cold. acters for several languages of Asia. A narrow deep valley prevented them from 17 72. Mrs. CLUM died near Litchfield, reaching the summit, which was 1344 feet England, aged 138. She had lived 103 higher. years in one house. 1806. WILLIAM PITT, second son of the 1775. The Pennsylvania convention de- earl of Chatham, died. He was born 1759, dared their determination, in case the ar- and at the age of 23 became chancellor of bitrary laws of England were attempted to the exchequer and the next year prime be executed by force, to repel the same by minister. It was during the early part of the most determined resistance. his career that the American war was con1780. The British ship Culloden of 74 cluded. Notwithstanding the emoluments guns lost off Long island. of his offices were great, so far from ac1789. FRANCES BROOKE died, an English quiring wealth, he died involved. Parlialady, remarkable for her literary ac- ment decreed him a public funeral, and complishments. Her works consist of no- ~40,000 to pay his debts. vels, periodicals, tragedies, musical dramas, 1813. GEORGE CLYMER, one of the signers and translations. of the Declaration of Independence, died. 1789. JOHN CLELAND died; author of the By the death of his parents he was left an notoriously immoral romance, Fanny Hill. orphan at the age of 7 years; but he was 1790. The mutineers of the ship Bounty taken care of by his uncle, who left him a having arrived at Pitcairn's island, and large fortune, with which to continue the landed all their effects, set fire to the vessel business of a merchant in Philadelphia. and destroyed every vestige that could lead His services to the country during the reto the discovery of their retreat. The is- volution, in raising supplies and devising land was then divided into nine equal por- ways and means to continue the struggle, tions between them, and the natives were were of incalculable importance. reduced to the condition of slaves. (See 1813. Horrible massacre of the United Oct. 3.) States prisoners taken by the British and 1795. JOHN SULLIVAN$ a distinguished Indians at the battle of Frenchtown the general in the revolutionary army, died. day before. The houses in which the helpHe was of Irish descent, and before the re- less wounded lay were set on fire, and volution practiced law in New Hampshire. those who were too feeble to continue the He was among the first to take an active march were shot or -tomahawked on the part in the contest; resigned his seat in the road. It is morally certain that the British first congress to enter the army; was con- generals Proctor and Elliott were culpable spicuous at several engagements; and ter- for this wanton sacrifice of human life to minated his military career in laying waste satiate the revenge of the savages. the country of the Six Nations, in order to 1813. ROBERT JAMISON died in South puta stop to their depredations. After the Carolina, aged 104. His eyesight, which peace he filled several important state of- had failed him some years previous to his fices. decease, returned again just before his 1795. The French took possession of the death in all its strength. Hague and Helvoetsluis, made 800 English- 1815. Thanksgiving day in New Orleans, men prisoners, and liberated 600 French- and a solemn Te Deum on account of Jackmen. son's victory. 1799. The French under Championnet 1820. EDWARD, duke of Kent, died. He entered Naples. was the fourth son of George III. In 1802 1800. A conventionsigned between Gen. he was appointed governor of Gibraltar, Kleber and the grand vizier for the evacua- but his rigid discipline produced a mutiny, tion of Egypt by the French troops. and he was recalled. The present queen 1800. EDwARD RUTLEDGE, one of the of England is his daughter. signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1824. STEPHEN ACOUR KOVER, an Ardied. He was a member of the first con- menian writer of distinction, died, aged 84. gress and acted a conspicuous part during 1833. BANASTRE TARLETON died, aged 78. the war. While the British beleaguered He commanded the British cavalry in the Charleston, his native city, he commanded Carolinas, in the revolution. a company of troops, and was taken pri- 1841. SARAH ANN DAVIS sentenced at sonler. On the restoration of peace he re- Philadelphia for murder; the first capital turned to the practice of law, and a short conviction of a female in Philadelphia. time previous to his death was elected gov- 1844. WILLIAM GASTON died at Raleigh, ernor of the state of South Carolina. the capital of his native state. The pru Jan. 23.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 39 dence and energy of his mother made a tory of England, commencing with the disposition, naturally volatile and irritable, Stuarts. become a pattern of patience and persever- 1781. The British garrison at Georgetown, ance. His speeches when a member of South Carolina, surprised and taken by congress were highly finished. General Lee. 1853. JUNIUS SMITH died, aged 74; hav- 1793. The French minister, M. CHAUVEing devoted a considerable portion of his LIN, ordered to quit England before the 1st life to the establishment of transatlantic of February. steam-navigation, and the naturalization 1795. Lord HooD sailed froth England, of the teaplant in the United States. on an expedition against Corsica. 1854. ALEXANDER DE BODISCO died at 1797. At a dinner complimentary to Georgetown. He was seventeen years Rus- Charles J. Fox, the chairman, the duke of sian minister at Washington, and was very Norfolk, gave as a toast, " Our sovereign's popular with the American people. health, the majesty of the people;" for 1855. There was an earthquake in a part which offence he lost all his offices. of New Zealand, by which the surface of 1812. DANIEL MCDONALD died at Canathe earth was raised between three and four joharie, aged 102. He was a native of Irefeet, and the shellfish attached to the rocks land, born in the reign of Queen Anne, died. and had seen four monarchs on the English throne. He took an early and active part in the revolutionary war; and was posJANUARY 24. sessed of a most remarkable degree of activity, both of body and mind, until the 41. CAIUS CALIGULA, the Roman em- morning he-expired. peror, assassinated. He commenced his 1834. WILLIAM DONNISON, an officer of reign with every promise of becoming a the revolution, died. He was appointed good monarch. But at the end of eight adjutant and inspectel-general of the Masmonths he was attacked with a fever, which sachusetts militia by Gov. Hancock in appears to have left a frenzy upon his 1788, which office he held until 1813. mind, for his disposition was totally re- 1838. JOSEPH GOUGE, a revolutionary versed. After committing the most atro- soldier, died, aged 109. cious acts of cruelty and folly, he was as- 1838. Defeat of the Indians at Lochesassinated by a tribune as he came out of Hatchee by the United States troops under the amphitheatre, in the 29th year of his Gen. Jessup; loss of the latter, 7 killed age, and the 4th of his reign. and 32 wounded. 76. Birthday of PUBLIUS AELIUS ADRIAN, 1841. MATTHIAS DENMAN, an enterprising the Roman emperor. He was a renowned western pioneer, and in early life one of general and great traveler; who, on a visit the first owners of the land on which Cinto Britain, built the famous wall or ram- cinnati now stands, died at Springfield, N. part, which still retains his name, extend- J., aged 91. ing from the mouth of the Tyne to the 1851. G. L. P. SPONTINI died in Italy; a Solway frith, 80 miles, to prevent the celebrated dramatic composer, in the line incursions of the Caledonians into Eng- of opera. land. 1857. Dr. MEDHURST, English missionary 1559. CHRISTIAN II, king of Denmark, to China, died, aged 71. He was also a died. His history affords a series of cruel- noted linguist, and author of a work on ties and usurpations almost without a pa- China, a Chinese dictionary, and a Japanese rallel, from 1515, when he ascended the and English vocabulary. throne, until 1523, when he was deposed. The remainder of h's life was passed in imprisonment. JANUARY 25. 1709. GEORGE ROOKE, an English admiral, died. He took the fortress of Gib- 275. Lucius DOMITIUS AURELIANUS, emraltar, by surprise, 1704; since which it peror of Rome, assassinated. He was the has continued in the hands of the British, son of a peasant; his mother a priestess of and is considered impregnable. the Temple of the Sun. He enlisted as a 1712. Birthday of FREDERICK the Great common soldier, and rose from that humof Prussia. ble station to the highest military offices 1727. PHILIP DE VENDOME, a French ge- during the reigns of Valerian and Clauneral, died. He distinguished himself in dius, the latter of whom, on his death the army of Louis XIV. bed, recommended Aurelian to the choice 1762. JAMES RALPH, a voluminous writer of the troops. He delivered Italy from the of poetry, politics and history, died. He barbarians, and conquered the famous Zewas an American by birth, but went over nobia queen of Palmyra. He had planned to England about 1729. He wrote a his- an expedition against Persia, and was 40 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 25. waiting in Thrace for an opportunity to exercise the pontificate in France and Italy, cross the straits when he fell a victim to in the same manner as his predecessors. a conspiracy. 1834. Castle of St. Louis at Quebec, the 1327. EDWARD II of England, then a residence of the British governor-general, prisoner in Kenilworth castle, compelled destroyed by fire. to resign his crown in favor of his son, 1836. General PAEZ gained a victory Edward III. over the rebels at Venezuela near Porto 1533. HENRY VIII privately married to Cabello. Ann Boleylt in a garret at Whitehall. 1838. Earthquake in the eastern part of 1640. ROBERT BURTON, an English di- Europe. Seven severe shocks occurred vine, died. He is known principally by during a few days, by which 300 houses his Anatomy of Melancholy, a rare book, were thrown down in the city of Buwhich it is said he wrote to divert his own charest, and 60 persons killed. thoughts from that feeling. 1841. The shock of an earthquake was 1692. The Indians, accompanied by felt in the city of New York and vicinity some French, attacked the town of York to such a degree as to excite considerable in Maine, killed 50 and carried away 100 alarm. of the inhabitants, and destroyed the 1843. EDWARD DRUMMUND, private secretown. tary to Sir Robert Peel, was assassinated 1717. The episcopal clergy of Scotland, in the streets of London. For nearly 20 who had before been fined for not pray- years he discharged duties second to those ing for King George by name were forced of a cabinet minister, because less conto abscond or fly their country. spicuous. 1726. WILLIAM DE LISLE., a distin- 1845. ALBIGAIL LEONARD died at Rayrguished geographer, died at Paris. His ham, Mass., 101 years old. She was the maps are still of great authority. fifth in descent from John Alden, who 1730. A fire which broke out in the first landed from the Mayflower on the archduchess's apartments at Brussels, Plymouth rock. consumed the palace, with the national 1849. The usual convention of the two records and state papers. houses of congress declared that the peo1745. Action in the straits of Banca, pie had elected Zachary Taylor their presi(Sumatra) between the British ships Debt- dent and Millard Fillmore vice-president. ford and Preston, Com. Barnet, and three French company ships, in which the latter were captured. JANUARY 26. 1759. Birthday of ROBERT BURNS. 1782. DE GRASSE attacked the van of 477. Subterranean thunders were heard the British fleet under Admiral Hood. The simultaneously from the Black to the Red French were drawn from their anchorage sea, and the earth was convulsed without ground, and by a masterly manoeuvre the intermission for the space of six months British succeeded in obtaining it. after. In many places the air seemed to 1786. CHARLES PRICE, one of the most be on fire. Towns and large tracts of successful counterfeiters ever known, com- ground were swallowed up in Phrygia, mitted suicide in prison, London. He had during this convulsion, the particulars of continued to practice forgeries on the which would seem incredible, were they Bank of England to an incredible amount not corroborated by contemporary histoduring six years, contriving all the while rians. to elude the most cunning devices of the 1564. The pope confirmed by a bull the police to detect him, although the notes decrees of the Council of Trent. were traced in every quarter to have pro- 1630. HENRY BRIGGS, an English matheceeded from one man, always disguised matician, died. and always inaccessible. 1679. Keel of the Griffin, the first vessel 1787. Battle with the insurgents under in the western waters, laid 6 miles west of Shays, at Springfield, Mass., who retreated Niagara falls, by La Salle. with the loss of 3 killed. 1679. The invaluable library of Elias 1791. GEORGE SELWYN, a noted English Ashmole destroyed by fire at his chamwit, died, aged 72. bers in London, together with his collec1804. JEAN JACQUES DESSALINES de- tion of coiAs and other curious antiquities. dared emperor of Hayti. 1681. Two Cameronian women hanged 1807. Battle at Mohringen, in Prussian at Edinburgh for calling the king and Poland, in which Bernadotte defeated the bishops "perjured. bloody men." Russians under Pahlin and Salitzin, who 1699. Peace of Carlowitz concluded belost 1200 killed and 300 prisoners. tween Leopold I of Austria, and Mustapha 1813. Concordat signed at Versailles, II sultan of Turkey, after fifteen years of by which Napoleon allowed the pope to hostility. Jan. 26.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 41 1721. PETER DANIEL HUET, a celebrated self as by the worshipful company of French critic and classical scholar died. stationers for whom he annually manuHe was engaged twenty years in publish- factured them in order to render their aling an edition of the Latin classics, which manacs salable among the ignorant, with extended to 62 vols. whom a lucky hit covered a multitude of 1730. A leaden pot containing a human blunders. A few years before his death heart preserved in spirits dug up at Waver- he predicted that the people would soon ly in Surrey, England, supposed to have know better than to be influenced by the been there 700 years. prophecies which his employers required 1733. A negro for an assault upon a him to write. He did not live to see the white woman was burnt alive in New publication of the British.Almanac, which Jersey. effected the downfall of Poor Robin (the 1737. All the prisoners for debt in White title of one of his almanacs), which ceased Chapel jail, England, were discharged by to exist in 1828. the executors of the will of the late Mr. 1823. EDWARD JENNER died, aged 74, Wright who paid their debts. celebrated for having introduced the prac1769. JOHN WHITE, printer and pub- tice of vaccination as a preventative of the lisher of the Newcastle Courant, died, aged small pox. He was the youngest son of a 81. At his decease he was the oldest mas- clergyman, born in England 1749. He ter printer in England. commenced his investigations concerning 1779. ARNOLD sentenced by court mar- the cow pox about the year 1776, and tial to be reprimanded by Gen. Wash- twenty years afterwards the practice was ington. introduced into London hospitals. The 1782. DE GRASSE with the French fleet, success of this discovery procured him 29 sail, attacked the British under Hood, honorary titles, and a grant from'parlia22 sail, but was repulsed with the loss of ment of ~20,000. 1000 killed and wounded. British loss 1838. JOHN O'NEIL died at Havre de trifling. Grace, Md., distinguished for the resist1787. The assembly of notables met at ance which he made at that place, to the Paris, having been called together to assist British under admiral Cockburn, during the king, Louis XVI, and M. Calonne, to the last war. raise a revenue to meet the exigencies of 1839. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER died the times. M. Calonne presented his new at Albany. He was born in the city of plan of reform and taxation, imposing a New York 1764, and graduated at Camshare of the burden upon the privileged bridge, Mass. He was the fifth in descent classes: but as the assembly was com- from Kilian Van Rensselaer, the original posed of these classes they could not make proprietor and patentee of the colony of up their minds to impose taxes upon them- Renss'laerwyck, a territory 48 miles long selves which had hitherto been borne by and 24 broad. He filled several offices, the lower classes. The assembly was called civil and military; was a man of great to help the king and his minister out of a wealth, and distinguished for his magnifidilemma, but plunged them deeper in cent charities and Christian virtues. trouble, and accelerated the revolution. 1839. Tremendous gale and heavy rain 1793. The stadtholderate of Holland in the United States. The river at Philaabolished, and the Batavian republic un- delphia rose 17 feet above low water mark, der the protection of France established. and at Kenebec 13 feet above high water 1793. The senate of Venice acknow- mark. New York and Albany were conledged the French republic. siderably flowed. 1795. The French national convention 1850. FRANCIS JEFFREY, a Scottish jurist, declared Marseilles in a state of siege. celebrated by his long connection with the 1795. The assembly of the states of Hol- Edinburgh Review, died, aged 77. land met and chose Peter Paulus their pre- 1853. SYLVESTER JUDD died, aged 40; a sident for the term of fifteen days. unitarian clergyman at Augusta, Me., 1814. The Russians under Blacher author of several works which found passed the Marne and marched upon many admirers. Troyes. Boniparte at the same time entered Vitry. 1820. HENRY ANDREWS, a self-taught JANUARY 27. English mathematician, died. For more than forty years he produced an almanac 438. St. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, one of the for a company of stationers under the Fathers and archbishop of Constantinople, name of Francis Moore, physician, and died. astonished the simple and ignorant by 1673. JEROME LALLEMANT, superior of his marvelous predictions. His prophe- the Jesuits in Canada, died, aged 80; leavcies were as much laughed at by him- ing behind him a high reputation in his 6 42 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 27 order. He furnished seven of the Rela- Indians at day break. The United States vons. troops and friendly Indians were com1676. The Narragansetts, in retreating manded by Gen. Floyd, who repulsed the from their country in Rhode island, drove assailants with great slaughter. off from one of the inhabitants of War- 1823. CHARLES HUTTON, an eminent wick, 15 horses, 50 oxen and 200 sheep. English mathematician, died. He was 1696. The Royal Sovereign burnt by born 1737; his father, a viewer of mines, accident. She was the first great ship intended him for the same employment; built in England, and became one of the but he rose by his own energy and apbest men of war in the world. For sixty plication to a high degree of fame and years she was so formidable to her ene- fortune. mies that none of the most daring of them 1832. AUGUSTIN DANIELS, count de Bilwillingly ventured an engagement. The liard, died, a French statesman and sollevies of money for building this noble dier. He fought at Jemappes, was with vessel caused the rebellion. Bonaparte through the Egyptian cam1733. THOMAS WOOLSTON, an English paign; at Austerlitz; in all the great batdivine, died in prison. He imbibed a tles in Prussia; at Moskwa; and lost an fondness for allegorical interpretations of arm at Leipsic. He made himself useful scripture from reading some of the early under Louis XVIII and Louis Philippe. writers-particularly Origen. His specu- 1832. ANDREW BELL, founder of the Bell lations finally led to an indictment for or Madras system of education, died. It blasphemy, and being unable to pay the has been made a subject of dispute whefine imposed, he was retained in prison. ther Bell or Lancaster is the progenitor of He was a learned man, but held notions the monitorial or mutual system of inpeculiar to himself, which was a hight struction. In 1796 Dr. Bell returned from offence in those days. Madras, and submitted his system to the 1760. The ice carried away one of the public. It has since been widely diffused dykes of the Rhine, in consequence of over the civilized world. which the neighboring country was in- 1836. FREDERICK DAvID SCHAEFFER died, undated. pastor of the German Lutheran church in 1783. The British under Gen. Mathews Philadelphia. He was born and educated took possession pf Beilnapore and Canda- in Germany, but came to this country in pore, without firing a gun, and the whole early life. He was a man of learning, and country, except Mangalore, yielded in con- distinguished for his knowledge of lansequence. guages. 1795. PlcHEGRUn made arequisition upon 1840. ISAAC CHAUNCEY, a distinguished the Dutch for the French army of 200,000 American commodore, died at Washingquintals of corn, 5,000,000 rations of hay, ton. 5,000,000 measures of oats, 200,000 rations 1841. McLEoD arrested within the limits of straw, 150,000 pairs of shoes, 20,000 of the state of New York. Though enpairs of boots, 20,000 cloth coats and gaged in burning the steamboat Caroline waistcoats, 40,000 airs of stocking braech- in 1837, yet being a British subject and es, 150,000 pairs of linen pants, 200,000 that government having assumed the reshirts, 50,000 hats, to be furnished within sponsibility of that act, his arrest threaa month, and 12,000 oxen to be furnished tened a rupture of the peace between the within two months, two nations. 1800. King John's castle, at Old Ford 1850. WILLIAM ATKINS COLEMAN, for near Bow, in England, was blown down more than thirty years connected with the by a storm. It was built in 1203 and literature of New York, died. afforded the king a sleeping place after 1856. CHARLES MORRIS, a commodore in signing the magna charta. the United States navy, died, aged 71. He 1807. BURR'S conspiracy communicated was the acknowledged chief of the navy to congress. in administrative wisdom and in varied 1807. BONAPARTE confiscated the pos- professional attainments; had displayed sessions of Ernest Frederick Anthony, greatheroism and intrepidity in the capture hereditary prince of Saxe Coburg, for of the Philadelphia and Guerriere; in the holding a commission in the Russian ser- latter action he was shot through the body vice. by a musket ball. 1807. Action between the British ship Caroline and the Spanish ship St. Raphael, which resulted in the capture of JANUARY 28. the latter, bound from Lima to Manilla, with 500,000 Spanish dollars, 1,700 quin- 814. CHARLEMAGNE, or Charles I of tals of copper, and a valuable cargo. France, died. He was an illustrious so1814. Camp Defiance attacked by the vereign, as well in the cabinet as in the Jan. 28.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 43 field; and though he could not write his 1790. The Jews of Spain, Portugal and name, was the patron of men of letters Avignon admitted to the privileges of and the restorer of learning. He wanted French citizens. the virtue of humanity. 1794. JOHN GOTTLOB IMMANUEL BREIT1547. HENRY VIII of England having KOPF died at Leipsic. He acquired great grown so unwieldy and corpulent that he celebrity as a printer and type founder. was raised up and let down the stairs by a His foundry contained punches and matrimachine, after an illness of some weeks, ces for 400 alphabets. He improved the sank under his disease, and died in the printing press, and discovered a new me38th year of his reign, and the 56th of his thod for facilitating the process of melting age. He repudiated his first wife 20 years and casting. From his foundry types were after marriage, and in the course of about sent to Russia, Sweden, Poland, and even ten years espoused five others. Henry's America. With the interruption of only reign was one of the most remarkable in five or six hours for sleep, his whole life the annals of the kingdom. He made him- was devoted to study and useful employself so much feared, that no English king ment. had fewer checks to his power. No hand 1796. Prince of WVales, regent of Engless strong than his could have snapped land, attacked in his carriage by the pothe chain which bound the nation to papa- pulace. cy, and have resisted successfully the power 1797. Battle of Unroomster, in India; and influence of the pope. Zemaun Shah attacked the Seicks at 8 o'1588. THOMAS CARN died in London, clock in the morning, by opening his shutah aged 207; an instance of longevity exceed- renauls, or wall pieces mounted on camels, ing any other on modern record, but well and a heavy fire was kept up until 2 o'clock, authenticated in the parish register of St. when the Seicks gave a signal for a general Leonard, Shoreditch. An old man died at charge, and agreeable to their mode in close Ekaterinoslaf, Russia, in 1813, between 200 combat, flung away their turbans, let loose and 205 years of age; and D n John Ta- their hair, put their beards in their mouths, veira de Lima died in Portugal, 1738, and dashed into the midst of the Huddaaged 198. lah army. The two armies continued en1596. FRANCIS DRAKE, the first Eng- gaged in close combat four hours, when lishman that circumnavigated the world, Zemaun's troops gave way, and were purdied on board his own ship. (See Jan. 9.) sued to the very gates of Lahore. The loss 1612. THOMAS BODLEY died. He was ac- of the Seicks was 15,000; that of the Shah tively employed during the last fifteen 20,000 killed. years of his life in collecting manuscripts 1803. Madame CLAIRON, a French actress, and books for the library at Oxford which died. She evinced when very young a prebears his name, and which by his per- dilection for the stage, and adopting the severance came to be one of the most ce- theatrical profession, soon became the first lebrated in Europe. tragic performer of her age, and long re1687. JOHN HEvELIUS died, an eminent mained without a rival. She published German astronomer. MJmoires et R6fexions sur la D&larnation 1725. PETER the Great, of Russia, died, Thiatrale. aged 53. He devoted his life time to civi- 1804. JOSEPH NICHOLAS D'AZARA, a Spalize his subjects, and raise the nation from nish diplomatist, died, aged 73. He bebarbarism and ignorance, to politeness, came acquainted with Napoleon in 1796, knowledge and power., He spared no who conceived great admiration of him. pains or fatigue to obtain knowledge which He was an ardent admirer of the arts and he thought would be beneficial to his sub- sciences, and collected an elegant library jects. and a rich collection of paintings and an1732. The protestants of Saltzburg being tiques, which however he lost in the polidriven out of their country, settled by in- tical changes of the times. vitation of the king of Prussia in Branden- 1816. RICHARD JOACIII HENRY VON burg. MOELLENDORF, a Prussian general, died. He 1738. The first stone of Westminster commanded the Prussian troops employed bridge over the Thames laid. in 1793 in the disgraceful dismemberment 1782. JOHN BAPTISTE BOURGUIGNON nD'AN- of Poland, on which occasion he did every VILLE, the French geographer, died. He thing consistent with his commission to was esteemed as well for the gentleness alleviate the misfortunes of the Poles. and simplicity of his manlers, as for his 1818. NATHAN BIRDSEYE died at Stratextensive knowledge. He labored at his ford, Conn., aged 103. His funeral was maps fifteen hours a day for fifty years. attended by 100 of his descendants; the 1782. JAMES MURRAY, a very eminent whole number of which was 258. historical writer, and pastor, died at New 1836. W1ILLIAM SCOTT, Baron Stowell, Castle upon Tyne, England. died. He filled the office of judge of the 44 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 28. court of admiralty in England, thirty years ice on the Thames it is said was over five with distinguished ability. He is repre- feet thick I sented to have been the charm and orna- 1780. The coldest day for 25 years at ment of every society of which he formed Philadelphia. a part; and his unbounded charities ac- 1812. Desperate attempt by a black man, quired for him universal regard and esteem. a negro, to fire the British privateer Speed1841. WILLIAM HOGG died at Browns- well. He was killed after 7 shots had ville, Pa., aged 86, leaving an estate of one been fired at him. million dollars to his heirs. Fifty years 1814. Battle of Brienne, in which the previous to his death, he crossed the Alle- French under Napoleon gained an inconganies with a pack of goods on his back, siderable victory over the allies under which was his whole property, and opened Blficher, who narrowly escaped being taa small store soon after at Brownsville, the ken prisoner. It was at this place that first in that region of country. Bonaparte acquired the rudiments of that 1842. The first stone of the Anglican skill in the military art with which he had cathedral at Jerusalem laid, at a depth of almost prostrated the world. 35 feet from the surface. It stands upon 1820. GEORGE III died. It was during mount Zion, and the state of the rubbish his reign that the discontents in America which had accumulated since the time of burst into an open flame, and an empire David, rendered it necessary to excavate to was lost to the British throne. In 1810 he the depth of 42 feet to the natural rock. retired from the government, and the in1854. LEWIS W. CHAMBERLAYNE, a Vir- terval which elapsed from that time until ginia physician, died; one of the founders his death was a period of insanity. He of the Richmond medical college, of which died in the 82d year of his age and the he was a distinguished professor. 59th of his reign. 1854. A ball-cartridge manufactory at 1824. Louisa MARIA CAROLINE, countess Ravenswood, L. I., blew up killing 20 of Albany, died at Florence, aged 72. She workmen and destroying 50,000 ball-cart- was the daughter of a German prince, and ridges. married Charles Stuart, the English pre1854. The steamer Georgia, from Mont- tender, whence she derived the title of gomery, Ala., having 200 passengers and countess of Albany. They resided at Rome, 1000 bales of cotton on board, took fire at and had a little court, and were addressed New Orleans, and 60 passengers lost their as king and queen. The connection, howlives. ever, was an unhappy one, and to escape 1855. The Panama railroad being com- from the barbarity of her husband she repleted, the first train passed over it this tired to a convent, and afterwards went to day. France. On the death of Charles, 1788, she returned to Italy. She was then secretly married to Alfieri, the poet; the French JANUARY 29. court conferred on her an annuity of 60,000 livres. Alfieri confesses that to her he 164 B. C. ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES, the great owed his inspiration, and that without her enemy of the Jews, died. friendship he should never have achieved 1559. THOMAS POPE, the founder of Tri- anything excellent. Their ashes repose nity college, Dublin, died. under a common monument in the church 1597. ANTHONY SHIRLEY, commanding a of Santa Croce, between the tombs of MaBritish squadron, landed at Jamaica, and chiavelli and Michael Angelo. marched six miles to the principal town, 1829. PAUL FRANCIS JEAN NICHOLAS DE which submitted to his mercy. BARRAS, a French revolutionist, died. As 1720. JOHN ADAMS, a celebrated English a member of the national convention, he preacher, died. voted for the king's death; and subse1728. Dean Swift's STELLA died at Dub- quently, having offended Robespierre, he lin. headed the force that captured the tyrant. 1743. ANDREW HERCULE DE FLEURY, car- As commander-in-chief of the troops of dinal and prime minister of Louis XV, the. convention, he entrusted Bonaparte died, aged 90. He was 73 years of age with the post in which he first distinguishwhen he was placed at the head of the ed himself, on the 5th Oct., 1795. His ministry, at which time the state was in a political career ended 1799, when he remiserable condition. He healed the wounds ceived a passport to his estate from Napoof his country, and without bloodshed or leon, then first consul. cruelty established and increased the in- 1829. TIMOTHY PICKERING, an American ternal happiness of France, and its national soldier and statesman, died. In public glory. life he was distinguished for energy, abili1762. From Christmas to this day the ty and disinterestedness; as a soldier he weather was severely cold in England. The was brave and patriotic; and his writings Jan. 29,] EVERY DAY BOO1. 45 bear ample testimony to his talents and in- 1735. GEORGE GRANVILLE, viscount Lansformation. He was one of the leaders of downe, an eminent English poet, died. the federal party. Having vainly endeavored to get employ1834. Duel at Paris between Gen. Bu- ment in arms for the defence of James II, geaud and M. Dulong, members of the to whose cause he was warmly attached, chamber of deputies; Dulong was killed. he retired to private life, enjoying the com1855. NICHOLAS ordered the formation of pany of his muse, which he employed in a general militia of the Russian empire. celebrating the reigning beauties of the age, in imitation of Waller. 1757. Calcutta retaken by Col. Clive. JANUARY 30. 1766. JAMES BARTHOLOMEW BECCARTA, an Italian physician and professor of natural 422 B. c. A census of the inhabitants philosophy, died. His writings are highly of Athens was taken, and reported the esteemed. number of males to be 20,000. 1766. SUSANNA MARIA CIBBER died. She 405 B. c. Sophocles died at Athens. was not only considered the best actress in 1560. A phenomenon observed at Lon- England, but supposed by many to excel don, called the burning spears, being one the celebrated Madame Clairon, of Paris, of the earliest records of that appearance her contemporary. now well known by the name of aurora 1805. JOHN ROBINSON, a celebrated Edinborealis. burgh mathematician, died. 1601. SciPIO AMMIRATI, an Italian his- 1809. Assault upon Saragossa in Spain torian, died. He wrote a history of Flo- by the French under Junot, Lannes and rence. published in 2 vols. folio. Mortier. The Spaniards made a most des1606. EVERARD DIGBY hanged, drawn perate resistance; a corps of women even and quartered at the west end of St. Paul's being formed for its defence. The houses church, London. He was concerned in were taken one by one; they were comthe gunpowder plot, having offered ~1500 poelled to undermine upwards of 600 in ortowards defraying the expenses of that der to get possession of them. dreadful affair. He also entertained Fawkes, 1810. Several meteoric stones fell in who was to have executed it in his Caswell county, North Carolina. house, and was taken in open rebellion 1826. The mails were first carried over with other papists after the plot was de- the Menai suspension bridge, which contected and had miscarried. nects the island of Anglesey with the 1644. WILLIAM CHILLINGWORTH died; ce- Welch shore. lebrated for his skill as a religious contro- 1833. JOSEPH BLUYDENBURGE died at versialist, and a defender of protestantism Smithtown, L. I., aged 101, retaining the against popery. vigor of perfect health to the last week of 1647. King CHARLES I delivered up to his life. parliament by the Scots for ~200,000. 1834. Attempt to assassinate the presiSome think it unworthy of the nation. dent of the United States, Andrew Jackson, 1649. CHARLES I beheaded. He was made by Richard Lawrence. born in Scotland 1600, and succeeded to the 1834. RUDOLPH ACKERMAN, who so much British throne 1625. His reign was sig- improved lithography, and the first to use nalized by a struggle with his parliaments, gas-light in England, died. in procuring supplies, which finally ended 1837. Explosion of the magazine of the in his execution. He was tried for treason French garrison at Bona in Algiers, conagainst the people, and condemned with taining 12,000 pounds of powder and 1 only three days' grace. million musket cartridges. The comman1660. WILLIAM OUGHTRED, an English dant with 108 men were killed, and 102 divine and mathematician, died, it is said, wounded. in consequence of excess of joy at the res- 1837. The town of Jaffa in Palestine destoration of Charles II, whom he called troyed by an earthquake. Of 15,000 inChrist's anointed. habitants, only 2,000 escaped burial in the 1661. The heads of OliverCromwell, John ruins. Bradshaw, and Henry Ireton set on poles 1837. ADAM AZELIUS, the last remaining at Westminster hall, and their bodies buri- pupil of Linnaeus, died; celebrated for his ed under the gallows at Tyburn, where their travels in Asia and Africa. disinterred bodies had been hung. 1841. The town of Mayaguez, Porto 1678. The expense of the equestrian Rico, consisting of about 600 buildings, was statue of Charles I at Charing Cross, Lon- consumed by fire. Loss estimated at from don, was defrayed with part of ~70,000, two to four millions of dollars. voted for his funeral celebration. 1852. The king of Naples by decree con1691. Pope ALEXANDER IlI died, after a fiscated the property of Neapolitan'emirdign of only 15 months. grants. 46 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Jan. 30. 1855. HERMAN KNICKERBACERdied, aged Captain Right (a fictitious name), and to 75; known as the prince of Schaghticoke, starve the clergy. being the third in descent from the original 1788. CHARLES STUART, the pretender to settler there. the throne of England, died at Rome. He was the grandson of James II, born at Rome 1720. In 1745 he landed in Scotland, with only seven companions, and JANUARY 31. marched south gaining strength and carrying every thing before him till he arrived 1000 B. C. It is usual to fix the finishing within 100 miles of London. Here his of the temple of Hercules at Tyre on this career was arrested, and the battle of Culday, and the death of.dnchises, 183 years loden decided his fate. He wandered earlier. about the wilds of Scbtland five months, 1574. Birthday of BEN JONSON. often without food, and the price of ~30,1578. Battle of Gemblours, in the Neth- 000 set upon his head. He finally escaped erlands, by which the Spanish recovered in a French vessel, and ended his days in their superiority in the Walloon provinces dissipation. which were zealously catholic. 1795. The assembly of the states of Hol1606. GuIDo FAWKEs executed. He was land passed at the Hague the first public an officer in the Spanish service, concerned instrument in the shape of a declaration of in the gunpowder plot, and discovered in rights. the vault below the House of Lords, pre- 1801. Sale of fine wheaten bread propared to fire the train which was to involve hibited in London and that of brown subthe enemies of the catholic religion in one stituted. common ruin. 1813. SAMUEL M'KEEHAN, surgeon's mate 1616. JACOB LE MAIRE, a Dutchman, in the Ohio militia, ordered by General discovered cape Horn, the southern ex- Harrison, with a flag of truce, and money tremity of the American continent. for supplies, for the wounded prisoners 1686. In Norway, Courland and Pomera- taken January 22d, put up for the night nia, there fell a great quantity of a mem- in a cave at the foot of the Miami, leaving braneous substance, friable, and blackish, his horse and cabriole at the entrance, and somewhat like burnt paper. Baron Grot- the flag stuck up; about midnight a party thus analyzed a portion of this substance, of Indians fired on them, wounded the which has been preserved in a cabinet of doctor in the foot, killed and scalped his natural history, and it is found to consist companion, Mr. Lamont, and stripped him, of silex, iron, lime, carbon, magnesia, a they took the money, horse, blankets, &c., trace of chrome and sulphur, but not a and compelled the doctor to travel 20 miles particle of nickel. that night on foot. 1692. Massacre of Glencoe, Scotland. 1826. FRANSOIS D'ETIENNE LANTIER, a King William, whose chief virtue was not dramatic writer of no small celebrity in humanity, signed and countersigned the France, died at Marseilles. warrant, which was transmitted to the 1828. ALEXANDER YPSILANTI, a Greek secretary for Scotland, who particularly patriot, died at Vienna, aged 36. He atcharged the ministers of destruction to take tempted the liberty of his country, but no prisoners. The population was bar- was discountenanced by the emperors of barously massacred, and the spot disem- Russia and Austria, and imprisoned by the boweled of every social appearance. latter seven years. His early death is at1718. ASHTON LEVER died at Manchester, tributed to his incarceration. England. He was a collector of specimens 1833. OTHO, prince of Bavaria, arrived in natural history, and possessed one of at Napoli di Romania as the first king of the finest museums in the world. restored Greece; at which time he had not 1750. The Student, a paper of much attained his 18th year. merit, issued at Oxford, England, appeared 1838. OSCEOLA, the celebrated Seminole this day. chief, died at Charleston, S. C., aged 35. 1754. The 1st number of the Connoisseur From a vagabond child he became the appeared, conducted by Coleman, Bonnell, master-spirit of a long and desperate war. Thornton, Chesterfield and others. He was a subtil and sagacious savage, who 1775. Capt. COOKE discovered Southern established gradually and surely a resistless Thule, soon after Sandwich land which ascendancy over his adopted tribe, by the from the vast quantities of ice seen he con- daring of his deeds- the constancy of his jectured might be a continent. hostility to the whites, and the profound 1787. The attorney general stated to the craft of his policy. Irish parliament that an insurrection exist- 1839. JAMES BYLES died at Oyster bay, ed in the county of Kerry, t]e people N. Y., aged 118. He was a native o~ having taken an oath to obey the laws of France, came to this country while a boy Jan. 31.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 47 was a soldier under Wolfe, and in the 1854. The rail road track at Erie, Pa., battle of Quebec.' I torn up the second time by a mob. 1843. Was living at Caraccas, South 1855. The western rail roads blocked America, MARIA DE LA CRUZ CARVALLO, with snow, and travel almost wholly obaged 144. Her hair, which had been white structed for several days. No communicawith age, returned to black at the age of tion was had between St. Louis and Chicago 133; and her sight, which was entirely lost for eleven days. Seventeen locomotives at the age of 118, returned at the age of were frozen in or buried by the snow on 138, so that she could thread a needle. the Chicago and Mississippi rail road. FEBRUARY. FEBRUARY 1. 1775. The new congress of Massachusetts met at Cambridge and chose John Hancock 107. ST. IGNATIUS died, or was murdered. their president. 1461. Battle of Mortimer's Cross, in which 1781. Lord CORNWALLIS with the British Edward, duke of York (afterwards Edward army, passed the Catawba at M'Cowan's IV), revenged his father's death by a signal ford. His passage was disputed by Wm. victory over the royalists, commanded by Davidson, lieut. col., commandant of the Jasper, earl of Pembroke. North Carolina line, and brigadier general 1642. EDWARD FINCH died. He was vicar of militia, with 300 militia. Davidson was of Christ church, London, from which he overpowered, and killed by a ball in the was expelled for preaching in a surplice breast. Cornwallis had his horse killed and associating with women. under him. 1681. JOHN EDWARD NIDHARD, an Aus- 1789. The first president of the United trian jesuit, died. He was appointed in- States elected. quisitor-general and minister of Spain. 1793. War declared against England and 1684. ROBERT LEIGHTON, a Scotch prelate, Holland by the French. died. He for a number of years employed 1796. A stone was thrown at the carriage his talents and influence in a vain endeavor of George III, king of England, as he was to bring about a reconciliation between the returning from Drury lane theatre. It hit presbyterians and episcopalians. As a the queen in the face. preacher he was admired beyond all his 1800. Battle between the United States contemporaries, and his works have not yet frigate Constellation, Capt. Truxton, and lost their popularity. the French frigate La Vengeance of 54 guns. 1686. FRANCIS BLONDEL died; eminent The action lasted from 8 o'clock in the morfor his knowledge of geometry and belles- ning until after noon, when the Vengeance lettres; was professor of mathematics and was completely silenced; but taking adarchitecture, and tutor to the dauphin of vantage of a squall made her escape to France. Curacao, where she arrived in a shattered 1702. Marshal VILLEROY, general of the condition, having lost 160 men killed and French and Spanish armies in Italy, sur- wounded. prised in his bed at Cremona, and taken 1801. DANIEL NICHOLAS CHODOWIECKI, a prisoner by the imperialists under Prince German painter and engraver, died. He Eugene. practiced miniature painting with great as1708. Captain ROGERS discoveredAlexan- siduity to support his mother. His first der Selkirk on the island of Juan Fernan- trials at engraving excited the astonishdez, where he had lived alone four years ment of connoisseurs; and at length scarce and four months. a book appeared in Prussia for which he 1718. DANIEL FRANCISVOISIN, chancellor did not engrave at least a vignette. He of France, died. He was eminent for his was universally esteemed forhis integrity. talents, integrity and virtue. 1804. J. PACKER died at Spinningfield, 1733. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, elector of England, aged 33, weighing 29 stone. Saxony and king of Poland, died. His 1813. American privateer schooner Hacourt was one of the most splendid and zard, Capt. Le Chartier, of 3 guns and 38 polished in Europe, and he filled with dig- men, captured the British merchant ship nity his station among theEuropean powers. Albion of 12 guns and 15 men; on the 23d In his character generous ideas were united she was re-captured by the British cutter with despotic feelings; a taste for pleasure Caledonia of 8 guns and 38 men; on the with the cares of ambition; and the rest- 26th the Hazard fell in with and took both lessness of a warlike spirit with the effemi- of them; but succeeded in bringing the nacy of a luxurious life. Instances of his Albion only into St. Mary's. The Hazard prodigious strength are recorded, which had her first lieutenant and 6 men woundappear almost incredible. ed, but she was much shattered. Great part Feb. 1.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 49 of the Caledonia's crew were killed or man of war should enter that river, was wounded. fired at from the fort, and one man killed. 1814. BONAPARTE defeated by the allied The Water Witch returned the fire and army near Chaumenil. backed down the stream., 1814. A destructive eruption of Albay 1856. IVAN FEDOROWITCII PASKIEWITSCr, in Luconia, one of the Phillipines. vice-roy of Poland, died, aged 74. He dis1815. Eruption of the volcano of Albay, tinguished himself in all the wars of the in the province of Camarines, on the Russian empire, beginning with that of the southern part of one of the Phillipine invasion of 1812. islands, in the Indian ocean; by this awful catastrophe five populous towns were entirely destroyed and more than 1200 of the inhabitants perished. FEBRUARY 2. 1824. HENRY BATE DUDLEY died. He was born in England 1745, educated for the 1141. Battle of Lincoln, and defeat of pulpit, and succeeded to his father's bene- Stephen, king of England, by the earl of fice. He established the Morning Post, Gloucester. The king, whose valor deand subsequently several other papers, served a better fortune, was taken prisoner, and manifested his literary abilities by the loaded with irons, and Matilda proclaimed production of several successful comedies. queen. He obtained a baronetcy, and at the time 1421. HENRY V entered London from of his decease was a magistrate for eleven the complete conquest of France, which counties. had been accomplished in about five years, 1824. JOHN LEMPRIERE died, author of and was received bythe people amidst such the Biographical Dictionary. He was an pageants and popular rejoicings as that English prelate, and an excellent classical capital had never witnessed. scholar. 1461. Battle of Mortimer's Cross near 1833. ELIZABETH MOORE died, in Pitt Ludlow, where the king's forces were decounty, North Carolina, aged 101. feated, Owen Tudor taken and beheaded. 1837. A memorial was presented to con- 1529. BALTHAZAR CASTIGLIONE, an Italian gress, signed by 56 authors of Great Britain, nobleman and poet, died. He was also so praying that body to secure to them the well skilled in painting, sculpture and exclusive right to their respective writings architecture, that it is said Raphael and in the United States. Michael Angelo, though incomparable ar1837. EDWARD DONOVAN died, near Lon- tists, never thought their works perfect don, a celebrated author on natural his- unless they had his approlbation. tory. 1626. CHARLES I of England crowned at 1837. SIMPsoN, in the service of the Westminster. He wore the white rather Hudson Bay company, reached Athabasca, than the purple robe, and to prevent the having completed since the first of Decem- increase of the plague omitted the usual ber a journey of 1277 statute miles, the ceremony of riding in state. preliminary step of the expedition. 1643. Prince RUPERT took Cirencesterfor 1845. SAMUEL MCGWINN, known as the Charles, by storm; 200 slain. Caithness Veteran, died at Andover, New- 1653. New York city incorporated. Hampshire, aged 110. 1682. JOHN PAUTRE died; an eminent 1851. MARY WOLSTONECRAFT, widow of French designer and engraver. His works Percy Byssche Shelley, died, aged 53; were published in 3 vols. folio, and conknown in-authorship by her Travels and tained more than 1000 engravings. Frankenstein. 1688. ABRAHAM. DU QUESNE died. He 1b52. Ohio state house burnt, and a large was a native of Normandie in France, and mass of valuable papers perished with it. distinguished himself in the navy by a 1854. SILVIO PELLICO died near Turin in series of valorous and successful engageItaly. In 1820 he was seized by the ments. Austrians as a carbonaro, while employed 1705. A new eruption of the peak of as a tutor, and confined in the fortress of Teneriffe, forming the thirdvolcanic mouth. Spielberg ten years. On his release he was 1723. RICHARD SARE, an eminent printer, employed as librarian by the Marchesa Ba- died. A sermon preached at his death was rolo until his death. well received and went through many edi1854. The splendid Parliament house at tions. Quebec, with the government library and 1745. A conspiracy of 900 negroes to philosophical apparatus, were destroyed murder their masters in Jamaica was disby fire. covered by a negress to her mistress, be1855. The United States surveying cause the plotters would not save a child steamer Water Witch, ascending the Para- she had nursed. guay ih violation of the ordinance that no 1752. The contributors to the Pennsyl. 7 50 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 2. vania hospital, having rented a house, ad- 1807. Battle of Bergfried near the lower mitted their first patients. Vistula. Bonaparte defeated the Russians 1768. ARTHUR ONSLOW died. He was 33 after a severe and sanguinary contest, in yars speaker in the English house of com- which Soult, Augereau, &c., distinguished mons and the third of his family that had themselves very highly. The French took been nominated to that office. four pieces of cannon and 1700 prisoners. 1771. JOHN LOCKMAN, an English drama- Same day, the French general Guyot captic writer, died. tured the whole of the Russian magazines 1787. Gen. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR elected at Guttstadt. president of the American congress. 1808. The French subverted the papal 1788. JAMES STUART died; sometimes government at Rome. called Athenian Stuart, a very celebrated 1814. BONAPARTE defeated at Brienne traveler and delineator of Athenian archi- with the loss of 173 cannons and 4000 tecture. men. 1794. The French convention decreed it 1817. The Scottish regalia, which had treason for any officer to surrender his ship been deposited in a chest in 1707, (see to a force less than double his own! March 26) was examined by a.deputation. 1797. Mantuasurrendered tothe French, The doors were removed, and the floor who now became entire masters of the was found covered with 6 inches of dust. pope's dominions; whereupon Napoleon No keys being found, the oaken chest was dictates to his holiness those pious terms forced open, and found to contain the anof pacification signed ten days after. cient crown, scepter and sword of state, 1798. The Federal street theatre, in Bos- as they had been deposited 111 years preton, entirely destroyed by fire. vious. 1799. THOMAS PAINE, often called the 1820. BENJAMIN TRUMBULL died, aged 92, Literary Merchant, died. Few mercantile author of a History of Connecticut. men become literary men. 1831. A. BONPLAND, the celebrated tra1799. ELIZABETH WOODCOCK, an English veler, permitted to leave Paraguay, where woman, returning home from market in he had been detained about nine years, by one of the most stormy nights ever known the dictator Francia. in England, was overwhelmed in a snow 1834. RICHARD LANDER, the enterprising drift, where she remained eight days with- traveler and discoverer of the course of out sustenance. When discovered her the Niger, died at Fernando Po, in Africa, mental faculties were unimpaired, but she of wounds received from the natives. All had lost the'use of her feet, and died some his papers were lost. The British governmonths after.' ment allowed his wife and daughter a pen1801. The first imperial parliament of sion of ~150. Great Britain assembled in London. 1834. LORENZO Dow died, aged 57; an 1804. GEORGE WALTON died, one of the eccentric traveling preacher. He was born signers of the Declaration of Independence. in Connecticut and had a good elementary He was a native of Virginia, served an ap- education; but in his youth acquired viprenticeship to a carpenter, removed to cious habits which however he overcame Georgia and studied law. He was foremost at about the age of 14. At an early age he among the patriots of that state who as- believed himself called to preach, and in sembled to devise measures of resistance obeying the impulse he commenced a to the acts of parliament in relation to career which has probably never been American taxations. equaled; and in spite of acute bodily dis1806. MIRANDA sailed from NewYorkon ease performed an amount of labor in his expedition to revolutionize South- traveling and preaching never before America. known. Before he had completed his 1806. THOMAs BANKS died. He was bred twenty-fifth year, he once rode 1500 miles a wood carver, to which he served an ap- and held 184 meetings in ten weeks and prenticeship. But having taken several two days; and about a year afterwards, premiums for models of sculpture he turn- traveled 4000 miles in the southern states, ed his attention.to- that art, and was sent constantly preaching, in seven months, and to Rome to study at the academy's expense. finished his tour without stockings, shoes, From Italy he repaired to Russia, where he or outer garment, and almost without a stayed two years; but not meeting with horse. For several years after he traveled any adequate encouragement, he returned from seven to ten thousand miles and held to his own country. A colossal statue of six or seven hundred meetings annually. Achilles mourning the loss of Briseis is his It is thought that during the thirty-eight masterpiece. He closed a life of arduous years of his public life he must have exertion, at the age of 70; and there are traveled two hundred thousand miles, inmonuments, both in Russia and England cluding three voyages to England and Irethat will long attest his skill. land. During these fiying~ journeys he Feb. 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 51 constantly refused donations and contribu- May, and consisted of two caravals freighttions, except for immediate want; and his ed by the merchants of London and Bristraveling expenses exceeded his receipts tol, and some smaller craft. more than one half, the first eighteen years. 1619. By letters patent dated this day, Afterwards, however, his books became a James I granted Ben Jonson a pension of source of profit to him, and finally he be- 100 marks during life, "in consideration came the maker and vender of a family of the good and acceptable service heretomedicine! which was a matter of specula- fore done and hereafter to be done by the tion purely. He was twice married; his said B. J." second wife survived him. He was familiar 1649. CHARLES II proclaimed king by the to every body throughout the United States, Scots. for there were few places however obscure 1660. CHARLES X of Sweden died. He which he had not visited. ascended the throne 1654, and was a pru1839. DEBORAH LOGAN died at Stanton, dent though a warlike monarch. Pa. She was a member of the Pennsylvania 1698. ERNEST AUGUSTUS, duke of Hanohistorical society, and more intimately ac- ver, bishop of Osnabruck, and father of quainted with the early history of that George I of England, died. state, than any other person living. 1700. FILIPPO ACCIAGOOLI, an Italian 1840. OLINTHTS GREGORI, an English dramatic poet and composer, died. He efmathematician, died, aged 67. He was fected many improvements in the mamore than thirty years professor of mathe- chinery and internal arrangements of thematics in the royal military academy at atres. Woolwich, and had the whole of the gen- 1730. ELIZABETH THOMAS, an English eral superintendence of the almanacs pub- poetess, died. She is known by the name lished by the stationers' company, which of Cortinne. had been for a long period conducted by 1761. RICHARD NASH, commonly called Dr. Hutton. He published mathematics, Bean Nash, died, aged 87. He was the biography and religion. most accomplished gentleman in England. 1841. WILLIAM BARTLETT, an eminent 1779. The American Gen. Moultrie deand wealthy merchant of Newburyport, feated 200 British at Port Royal island, and a munificent benefactor to the theolo- South Carolina, and drove them off that gical seminary at Andover, died, aged 93. island. Moultrie had 1 lieutenant and 7 1851. JOANNA BAILLIE, a Scottish dra- privates killed and 22 wounded. The Brimatic authoress, died, aged 85. tish lost most of their officers. 1852. A priest, aged 63, attacked the 1779. Mutiny suppressed on board the queen of Spain with a dagger, as she was United States frigate Alliance, bound to returning from church; for which he was France with M. de Lafayette and several executed. French gentlemen of distinction on board. 1855. G. FLETCHER, an EnglishWesleyan Half the crew were concerned in it, and preacher, died, aged 108. Until within six measures were taken to quell it but a few months of his decease he preserved an as- hours before it was to have been carried tonishing activity of mind and body, often into effect. Great inhumanity was meditatpreaching without fatigue three times a ed towards the officers and the French. day. This was the first organized mutiny ever 1856. The house of representatives at known in the American service. The muWashington elected a speaker after a con- tineers were 36 in number. test of nine weeks. 1781. The Americans, closely pursued by the British. after the battle of the Cowpens, crossed the Yadkin and secured their FEBRUARY 3. boats on the north side. when a sudden rise of the river arrested the pursuit of the enemy. In this retreat the Americans en1014. SWEYN, king of Denmark, died. dured extreme hardships with admirable 1399. JOHN OF GAUNT, duke of Lancas- fortitude, and their remarkable escape conter, died. He was the son of Edward III; firmed them in the belief that their cause was a prince of distinguished valor and was favored of heaven. prudence, and a patron of the poet 1781. St. Eustatia, one of the West-India Chaucer. islands, taken by the British under Rodney. 1497. "Johannes Cabotus Venetus et The plunder amounted to above ~3,000,Sebastianus illins filius," commissioned by 000, besides 6 Dutch armed frigates and Henry VII of England to take six ships of 150 vessels, many of them richly laden. 200 tons burden from any port in the The British kept the Dutch colors hoisted, kingdom for the purpose of making a by which means several Dutch, French and western voyage of discovery. This expe- American vessels were decoyed and capdition was got ready by the beginning of tured. 52 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 3. 1782. Demerary and Essequibo sur- 1832. CHARLES VICTOR DE BONSTETTEE rendered by capitulation from the French. died, aged 87; a distinguished Swiss mo1783. The ratification of the preliminary ralist, politician, metaphysician, geologist articles of peace exchanged at Paris. and traveler. 1786. GASPARD RISBECK, a German 1836. MARIE LETITIA BONAPARTE, mother author, died. of Napoleon, died. She was born at Ajac1794. GEORGE III and Queen CHARLOTTE cio 1750; her maiden name Romolini; was went to Hay Market theatre, which attract- one of the most beautiful women of Corsica; ed so great a crowd, that more than 15 married, in the midst of civil discord, persons were trampled to death. Charles Bonaparte, an officer who fought 1794. The French convention received with Paoli; was left a widow 1785, having the deputies from St. Domingo, one of borne 13 children, of whom 5 sons and 3 whom was a black, one a mulatto, and one daughters survived their father, and bea white; and at the same time decreed came celebrated. Madame Bonaparte was that all men of color whom a tyrannical a woman of great force and energy of force had made slaves, were still free and character. equally citizens with whites. 1844. Continued cold weather in the 1795. A tableaux of the victories of the northern pairts of the United States. Long French from Sept. 8th, 1793, to this date, Island sound was frozen over a few miles presented to the convention by Carnot, above New York, and a canal, seven miles gives the following result: 27 victories, 6 in length, was cut through the ice at Bosof which were gained in pitched battles; ton to allow the British steamer to go to 120 combats of less importance; 80,000 sea. enemies killed, and 91,000 taken prisoners; 1852. Battle of Santos Lugares, near 117 important fortresses, 36 of which were Buenos Ayres, between the army of Urquiza, taken after a close blockade; 230 forts; 30,000 men and 50 cannon, and Rosas, 38,000 piecesof artillery; 17,000 muskets; 25,000 men and 90 cannon. Rosas was 19,000 pounds of powder, and 90 stands defeated, and took refuge on board an of colors. English steamer. The city was saved from 1797. Faenza in Italy carried by assault pillage by ships of war of all nations then by the French under Victor, afterwards in the harbor. duke of Belluno. 1856. Thermometer at 300 below zero in 1800. Four British ships, carrying in all Kansas; and the cold extended over the 106 guns, captured off Seven islands, after United States, in some parts to a degree a close action of 2 hours 10 minutes, the unknown before. French frigate Pallas of 42 guns and 350 men. British loss, 10 killed, 34 wounded. 1807. Montevideo taken by storm by the FEBRUARY 4. British. 1808. The Neapolitan garrison of Reggio 211. Lucius SEPTIMUS SEVERUS, emperor surrendered to the French. of Rome, died at York, England. His 1809. The French national ship l'Iris, sons, Geta and Caracalla, were by this 24 guns, captured by the British ship, event recalled from Scotland, where they l'Amiable. were debating with Fingal over heath and 1809. The Spanish junta in Seville is- mountain, her ancient stubborn independsued orders to their troops to give no quar- ence. ter to the French found in Spain. 836. EGBERT, the last king of the Saxon 1810. British ship Valiant of 74 guns heptarchy, and the first of England, died. captured the French frigate Cannoniere, 856. MAGNENTIUS MAURUS RABANUS, a 14 guns, with a cargo worth $800,000. learned German divine, died. His works 1810. The French destroyed the quick- on theology are numerous. silver mines at El Almoden del Azoque, 1194. RICHARD, Coeur de Lion, released near Seville. from his imprisonment. 1810. Guadalou.pe surrendered to the 1536. The parliament of England aboBritish. lished every thing relative to the pope's 1813. The Spanish cortez abolished the power in their realm. inquisition. 1555. JOHn ROGERS, prebendary of St. 1814. BONAPARTE entered Troyes. Same Paul's, and the protomartyr, burned at day the Russians and Prussians bombarded Smithfield. Vitry, defended by the French under Gen. 1607. JAMES MENoCHIUS died; a civilian Montmartre. of Pavia, of distinguished abilities. 1831. The duke of Nemours elected king 1644. A very large comet which had terof Belgium. rifled the straight-bodied folks of New Eng1832. GEORGE CRABBE died; one of the land with its prodigious length of tail, dis. most popular of the modern British poets. appeared on this day, to their great relief. Feb. 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 53 1648. GEORGE ABBOT, an English states- 1787. JACOB WISMER died, aged 103. He man and religious author, died. He was was a German by birth, came to America one of the judges who sat at the trial of in Queen Anne's reign, and settled in PennCharles I, and signed his death warrant. sylvania; here he married his third wife, 1660. Gen. MONK, famous as the restorer with whom he lived 67 years. and left 170 of Charles II, marched into London and descendants. recommended a government moderately 1790. LouIs XVI took the oath to mainpresbyterian. tain the new constitution. 1665. The firstnumber of theLondon Gazette 1793. An embargo laid on all French appeared,published by Sir Roger l'Estrange. vessels in Great-Britain. 1687. FRANCIS DE CREQUI, marshal of 1794, The legislature of Massachusetts France, died. lie was distinguished for having repealed the law against theatrical his military enterprises and heroic courage. amusements, the Federal street theatre was 1692. Goree taken from the French by opened as a regular, lawful theatre, with the English under Gen. Booker. Gustavus Vasa and Modern A./ntiques. 1693. Earthquake of Sicily, which swal- 1796. British ship Aurora, one of Adlowed up Catania and 1800 citizens. miral Christian's fleet, having 160 men on 1746. ROBERT BLAIR, a Scottish clergy- board, who had kept her afloat three weeks man and poet, died. The only production by manual labor, was rescued by Capt. of his, which we possess, is The Grave, a Hodges of the American ship Sedgley. The poem, striking and vigorous. troops were principally Germans and offer1749. JOHN JAMES HETDEGaER died at ed Capt. Hodges 1000 guineas for his exLondon. He was born in Switzerland, and ertions in saving their lives, which he came to England, where by his taste and nobly refused. judgment in operatic amusements, he was 1797. Earthquake at Quito, which threw appointed to the management of the opera down many valuable edifices, and destroyhouse and the masquerades. He was the ed several neighboring towns and plantaugliest featured man in the kingdom, but tions. A great number of persons were good-humored, benevolent and charitable. swallowed up. 1756. A mummy disinterred near Au- 1800. WILLIAM TASKER died, aged 60. vergne in France. He was 30 years rector of a church, but 1762. SAMUEL DAVIES, an American deprived of its income by unmerited perdivine, died, aged 36. He labored some secutions and litigations, until near the years as a presbyterian pastor in Virginia, close of his life. The works which he where the act of uniformity was enforced published added to his reputation with the with great rigor, and was the founder of learned, but contributed nothing to his the first presbytery in that state. His ser- support, and lie continued to struggle mons have passed through many editions against poverty and oppression. on both sides of the Atlantic. 1804. CHRISTIAN JOSEPH JAGEMANIN, li1774. CHARLES MARIE DE LA CONDAMINE brarian to the duchess Amalia of Weimar, died. He was possessed of a daring spirit, died. He was destined for the cloister, but which led him to enter the army. But the escaped from the monastery, and became restoration of peace cut off his hopes of a distinguished writer on the fine arts and promotion, and he traveled in Turkey and literature of Italy. Asia. On his return to Paris, the academy 1804. The boats of the British ship Cenwere making arrangements to send a de- taur cut out of Martinique the French corputation to the equator for scientific pur- vette Le Curieux. poses. The very desire of being connected 1805. The British sloop of war Arrow, with so perilous an undertaking made him 28 guns, and bomb vessel Acheron, 8 guns, an astronomer. The fatigues and hardships having a fleet of merchantmen in convoy, which he encountered in South-America, were captured by two French frigates, but were heightened by the discord and jeal- most of the convoy escaped. ousy which arose among his companions. 1806. Gen. PHILEMON DICKINSoN, who He died while undergoing an operation for was in the battle of Monmouth, died at the removal of a malady contracted in Trenton, New Jersey, aged 69. Peru. He bore an excellent character, and 1808. First legislative proceedings in releft many valuable works. lation to the New York canals. 1779. JOHN HAMILTON MORTIMER, all emi- 1811. JONATHAN LAMBERT, of Salem, nent English historical painter, died. Massachusetts, took possession of the un1783. Cessation of hostilities with Great inhabited island of Tristan. d'Acunha, Britain, and final conclusion of the seven south of St. Helena. The British took posyears' war of the revolution. which freed session of it in 1817, and fortified it. the American colonies from the claims of 1812. Peniscola, in Valencia, surrenderthe mother country, and gave a new nation ed to the French under Suchet. to the world. 1813. The United States frigate Constel, 54 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 4. lation chased into Norfolk, Virginia, by a and thrust his own sword through his British squadron. body. 1814. The ice formed on the Thames at 41 B. C. AUGUSTUS, by a vote of the seLondon, above the bridges, and a fair was nate, in full assembly, their brows crowned held upon it during eight days. with laurel, saluted with the title of Father 1817. LEwiS PENNOCK died at West Marl- of his Country. borough, Pennsylvania, aged 92; 11 of his 1444. An eruption of Vulcano, one of survivors, within a mile, arrived at 83 the Lipari islands, which changed the enyears. tire face of the local navigation. Aristotle 1834. JOHN O'KEEFE, a British dramatic records,a dreadful explosion, which is supauthor, died at Southampton, England, posed to have formed the island as it stood aged 68. in the time of Pliny. 1835. WADE HAMPTON died at Columbia, -1552. JAMES MEYER, a Flemish historian, S. C., aged 81. He distinguished himself died, aged 61. in the war of the revolution under Sump- 1556. A truce for five years was conter and Marion; and during the last war eluded between Charles V, emperor of commanded a brigade on the northern Germany, and Henry II of France. frontier. He was reputed the most exten- 1617. PROSPERO ALPINI, a famous Venisive planter in the United States; one of tian physician and botanist, died, aged 64. the wealthiest men in the whole southern 1626. Three new committees, viz, one country; and perhaps no other man in this on religion, one on grievances, one on secret country ever amassed so large a fortune by affairs, were appointed in the parliament agriculture. of Charles I. 1836. WILLIAM GELL died at Naples. He 1664. CHRISTIAN AAGAARD died, a diswas a classical antiquary, the illustrator of tinguished Danish poet of the 17th century, the ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii, aged 48. and author of various works on classical 1674. A parhelion or mock sun observed antiquity. He was admired alike for the near Marienburg in western Prussia. It depth and versatility of his erudition, the appeared in the horizon beneath the mabenevolence of his heart, and the suavity terial sun, of a red color. of his manners. 1679. JoosT VAN VONDEL, a Dutch poet 1850. Seventy-five persons killed by a of considerable eminence, died, aged 91. steam explosion in Hague 4treet, New York. 1684. PHILIP DE MONTAULT, duke of No1854. Eight steamboats destroyed by fire ailles, died. He renounced the protestant at New Orleans, and 37 persons perished faith, and rose to a high rank in the army. in the flames. 1684. About the beginning of December 1856. Fort Nicholas at Sebastopol blown commenced a frost at London, which conup' by the allies, with the aid of 106,000 tinued till this day. Coaches were run, pounds of powder. oxen roasted, bulls baited, &c., on the This day in the calendar of Hesiod, is Thames. auspicious for marriages and the re- 1693. The Mohawvk castles burned by pairing of ships; but a day of troubles. the French. 1718. ADRIAN RELAND died; a learned orientalist and professor at Utrecht. FEBRUARY 5. 1721. JAMES, earl of Stanhope, died. He distinguished himself in the field and 46 B. c. MARCUS CATO killed himself, at in the cabinet, under George I. the age of 48. He was a lover of philo- 1729. JOHN TRUCIIET died at Paris. He sophy, in which he rigidly followed the was distinguished for his knowledge of doctrines of the stoics. He was a soldier, geometry and hydraulics. and his first campaign was against Sparta- 1751. The coffin and remains of a farmer cus; afterwards he led 1000 foot into Asia, were interred at Stevenage, England. He where he was ridiculed for the small num- died in 1721, bequeathing an estate worth ber of his attendants, but was wholly un- ~400 a year to his two brothers, to be enmoved by it. He sided with Cicero against joyed by them during 30 years, at the exCatiline, and opposed Caesar in the senate piration of which time he expected to reon that occasion. He endeavored to bring turn to life, when the estate was to be given about a reconlciliation between Caesar and up to him again. In order to his conPompey, but finding it in vain, sided with venience on his reappearance, he ordered the latter. When Pompey was slain he his coffin to be placed on a beam in the fled to Utica, and Caesar pursuing him, he barn, with the key enclosed, that he might advised his friends to be gone, and his son liberate himself. Four days grace being to trust to Caesar's clemency; then lay allowed him for his resurrection, beyond down upon his bed, read Plato on the im- the time specified in the will, and not then mortality of the soul twice over, and rose presenting himself, his bones were con Feb. 5.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 55 signed to the earth and his estate for- 1799. LEwIS GALVANI, an Italian philofeited. sopher, died, aged 62. His favorite studies 1757. Battle of Plassy, in Hindostan, in were anatomy and physiology. In his which the British under Col. Clive achieved pursuits he was led fortuitously to the disan important victory. covery of a new branch of science, called 1776. Georgia adopted a new government. Galvanism. His manners are said to have 1780. The first shock of the earthquakes been most unostentatious and retiring, and in Sicily and the two Calabrias, was felt at his mind of a melancholy turn. Scylla on the same day. In the night a 1802. The French and Spanish troops tremendous wave swept from the coast landed at Hayti and captured forts Dauphin, 2473 inhabitants, with the prince of the Bizoton and St. Joseph. Christophe, the place. The work of destruction and ter- black general, set the town on fire and ror continued for almost four months, ac- massacred many of the white inhabitants. companied by incessant rains and bursts of 1805. The East Indiaman, earl of Averthunder. Of 375 villages in Calabria, 320 gavenny, wrecked on the shambles off the were destroyed. It is estimated that 35,- bill of Portland, and sunk in twelve fath521 persons lost their lives in 33 towns oms of water. Of 402 persons on board, only., only 139 were saved. Her cargo was valued 1782. The garrison at Minorca, 2692men at ~200,000, exclusive of 275,000 ounces under Gen. Murray, surrendered to the in dollars. French and Spanish, 16,000, under the Duc 1807. PASCAL DE PAOLI, a celebrated de Crillon. Corsican general, died near London. While 1788. Massachusetts adopted the federal endeavoring to rescue his native island constitution, proposing some amendments. from the tyranny of the Genoese governThis was the sixth state in the list (ratified ment, and defending its liberties against on the 6th, q. v.) Gallic encroachments and invasion, being 1790. WILLIAM CULLEN, a celebrated overpowered by the French, he retired with Scottish physician and medical writer, a few of his followers to England, where died, aged 77. He settled at Glasgow, and in a few years he ended his illustrious was for some time a professor of the uni- career. versity there, which he left on an invita- 1807. The French under Soult, Davoust tion to Edinburgh. He successfully cm- and Ney, surrounded and cut to pieces a batted the specious doctrines of Boerhaave, Russian column of 9000 men, took 1000 depending on the humoral pathology; prisoners and 16 cannon. founding his own views on an enlarged 1809. British ship Loire, Capt. Schomview of the principles of Hoffman. berg, captured the French national ship 1791. JOHN BEARD, an eminent and po- Hebe, 20 guns, with 600 barrels of flour. pular English theatrical vocalist, died. He 1810. The French under Sebastiani and ultimately became joint proprietor and Milhaud defeated the Spaniards and took acting manager of Covent Garden theatre, Malaga with its immense stores, 171 canand continued on the stage till the loss of non, &c. The same day two French frigates his hearing forced him to leave it. of 40 guns each, full of troops, destroyed 1792. JOHN EARDLY WILMOT, an English off Guadaloupe. miscellaneous writer, died. 1811. Royal assent given by commission 1795. Report of the committee of the to the act appointing a regent of Great assembly of the states of Holland,'respect- Britain, in the person of the prince of ing the state of the bank of Amsterdam, Wales. by which it appeared that the bank had 1813. British Admiral WARREN declared been for 50 years receiving as securities for the ports and harbors of the bay of Chesalarge sums advanced by it, a very con- peake to be in a state of blockade. siderable number of bonds instead of 1814. Seventeen British officers put in specie. close confinement at Chilicothe, on the 1795. The royal assent was given to the principle of retaliation. bill for suspending the habeas corpus in 1814. The advance of Gen. De York Great Britain. made a successful charge upon the rear of 1796. Negombo, in the East Indies, cap- Macdonald's army at La Chaussee, between tured by the British under Admiral Elphin- Vitry and Chalons, took 3 cannon, and 100 stone. Frenchmen prisoners. 1797. The post of Corne, at the bridge 1815. British ship Grannicus, Capt.Wise, head of Hueningen, was surrendered to captured theAmericanprivateer brigGeorge the Austrians by the French general, Sisce, Little, 8 guns, 58 men. Gen. Abbatucci having died a few days 1816. RICHARD, Viscount Fitzwilliam, before. Two days were allowed to with- died, leaving to the university of Camdraw the garrison and every movable ap- bridge his splendid library and ~60,000 pertaining to the place. for the erection of a museum for its recep 56 EVERY DAY BOOK. IFeb. 5. tion and exhibition. In his collection there 1835. Tremendous eruptionsof volcanoes, are more than 10,000 proof prints of the attended with destructive earthquakes, ocfirst artists, a very extensive library of rare curred in Central America, sinking several and costly works, among which are nearly towns and villages, and destroying a large 300 Roman missals, finely illuminated. part of St. Miguel and St. Salvador. There is also a very curious collection of 1837. JAMES CEBVETTO the younger died, the best ancient music, containing the aged 90. He first brought the violincello original Virginal book of Queen Elizabeth, into favor in England. He excelled his and many works of Handel in the hand- father as a musician, was leader of the writing of that great master. orchestra of Drury lane theatre in the time 1818. CHARLES XIII of Sweden died. of Garrick, and 72 years member of the He was the second son of Adolphus Fred- royal society of musicians. erick, and appointed at his birth high ad- 1839. ASAHEL STEARNS, professor of law miral of Sweden. His education was di- at Cambridge, died, aged 64. He published rected chieflv to naval tactics, but the a learned and accurate work on real actions, revolutions of the time called him finally and was one of the revisers of the statutes to the throne, where he conducted with of Massachusetts. great prudence, and gained the confidence 1841. The Pennsylvania bank of the of the people. United States, after having, from the time 1822. ALI, pacha of Yanina, generally of the resumption of specie payments on called Ali Pacha, killed. He was a bold the 15th January, paid out an amount and crafty rebel against the Porte; an in- little if at all short of six millions of doltelligent and active governor of his pro- lars in coin or specie funds, again susvince; as a warrior, decided and able; as pended specie payments. The exhibition a man, a very fiend. His early life was of its affairs, which soon followed, were so unfortunate, but his extraordinary strength unfavorable as to cause great surprise. of mind, which shrank from no danger or The suspension was followed by that of crime, united to great address, raised him nearly all the banks south and west of to princely independence. His enormities New York and New England. at length attracted the wrath of the sultan. 1851. JOHN PYE SMITH died, aged 77; a Finding it vain to withstand so powerful a religious controversial author of note, and foe, he sued for pardon, gave up his fort- nearly half a century principal of a disress, and was treacherously cut down, with selting college in England. six of his companions. 1853. The Sloo treaty signed at Mexico, 1823. Yates county, New York, erected. for opening a communication across the 1823. JUAN ANTONIO LLORENTE died. He isthmus of Tehuantepec. was induced by Bonaparte, who placed in 1854. JAMES B. COOPER, an American his hands the papers of the inquisition, to naval officer, died, aged 94. He was a write a history of that tribunal. When member of Lee's legion in the war of the the fortunes of the Bonapartes declined, Revolution, and served in the navy during he was banished from his country, and the war of 1812. lived in France in indigence, supporting A day of dire calamity, says Hesiod, in himself by teaching Spanish in the board- which certain Greek ladies, called "the ing schools; but the university at last for- Furies," make their round, "about, bid him that means of support. The rage about, about." of his enemies was raised to the highest pitch by the publication of his Portraits Politiques des Papes, and the old man was FEBRUARY 6. ordered in the middle of winter to leave Paris in three days, and France in the 129 B. c. Three ambassadors from John shortest possible time. He was not allowed Hyrcanus, the Jewish pontiff, were received to rest one day, and died exhausted, a at Rome, when the senate decreed a renewvictim to the persecutions of the 19th al of the league of amity and assistance century, a few days after his arrival in with that "good and friendly people," and Madrid. dismissed the delegates with presents. 1824. HENRY CALLISEN, a German phy- 1554. JOHN WYATT and a number of sician and surgeon, died. He was the son others executed for an insurrection and of a poor clergyman; educated himself; riot, on account of Queen Mary's marriage served in the army and in the fleet; after- with Philip II of Spain. wards in the hospitals in Copenhagen; and 1593. JAMES AIYOTT, grand almoner of finally accepted a professorship in the uni- France, died; a writer on various subjects, versity. but chiefly known as the translator of Plu1831. The Russian army of 160,000 men tarch's Lives and Morals. enter Poland at several points, Count Die- 1623. JUAN MARIANA, a Spanish historibitscb commander-in-chief. an, died. He wrote several works, theo Feb. 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 57 logical and historical; the most consider- 1783. The first ship which displayed the able of which is his History of Spain. thirteen stripes in any British port, was re1649. The Rump parliament voted the corded at the London custom house. She house of peers to be useless and dangerous, was loaded with 587 butts whale oil, beand accordingly that branch of the legislat- longed to the island of Nantucket, and was ure and the office of king, were abolished manned wholly with American seamen. by two brief resolutions. 1788. Massachusetts adopted the con1685. CHARLES II, king of England, died. stitution of the United States, being the 6th At the time of the death of his father he state which ratified that instrument. The was a refugee at the Hague, on which he vote stood 187 to 168. immediately assumed the royal title. In 1792. The city of Morocco, which had 1660 he entered London amidst the uni- shut its gates against the emperor Muley versal acclamations of the people. He was Yazid, was attacked by his forces and cara confirmed sensualist and voluptuary, ried. The greatest excesses were committed says Lardner, and owing to the example by the soldiery, against friends as well as of himn and his court, his reign was the era foes, and the Jews were as usual given up of the most dissolute manners that ever to be plundered. (See 12th and 16th.) prevailed in England. His career was ter- 1796. The state of Vermont adopted its minated by a fit of apoplexy, at the age of constitution. 55. It was during this reign that the great 1798. The bank of England subscribed plague and the great fire of London oc- ~200,000 to assist government to repel the curred. He was the twenty-sixth king of threatened invasion. By the assistance of England. manufacturers, &c., this sum was increased 1693. A party of about 700 French and to ~1,500,000. Indians fell upon the Mohawk villages 1799. British ship Arago, Capt. Bowen, near Schenectady, and took about 300 captured off Mahon, at midnight, the prisoners in the English interest, without Spanish frigate Santa Teresa, 42 guns and doing much other damage. They were 350 men. pursued by Col. Schuyler with a party 1800. The duke of ORLEANS (Louis Philfrom Albany, and several skirmishes en- lip, afterwards king,) asked pardon of sued. The French escaped by crossing the Louis XVIII, and swore that he was ready north branch of the Hudson, on a cake of to shed the last drop of his blood in his ice. They lost in this enterprise 80 men service. He was graciously received. killed, and were reduced to great want 1803. GIAMBATTISTA CASTI, a Florentine before they got home. historian, died, aged 82. His works are 1696. A plot to assasinate WILLIAM III full of wit and originality, and some of of England, was discovered. them have been translated into English. 1736. Earthquake in New England. 1804. JOSEPH PRIESTLY died. He was 1738. JOSEPH MITCHELL, a Scotch dram- the son of a Calvinistic clothier, in whose atic poet, died. rigid principles he was educated. His 1740. CLEMENT XII (Laurence Corsini), heresy ripened into unitarianism. His pope of Rome, died. He was very popular, publications had already made him extenand corrected many abuses in the church. sively known, when in 1766 he became 1755. MAURICE JOHNSON, a noted English acquainted with Franklin, by whom he antiquary, died. was encouraged to compose a work on 1756. Birthday of AARON BURR, at New- electricity. This was followed by several ark, N. J. His father was the Rev. Wil- scientific works, till in 1794, on the anniliam Burr, second president of New Jersey versary of the capture of the Bastile, college at Princeton, and his mother a the mob at Birmingham, where he then daughter of the celebrated Jonathan Ed- resided, proceeded to his house, which wards, third president of that institution. with his library, manuscripts and apparaHis wife is well known. tus, fell a prey to the flames. Finally, 1777. Great Britain granted letters of goaded by party enmity, he sought an asymarque and reprisal against America. lum in the United States, and took up his 1778. The French avowed the independ- residence at Northumberland, Pa. Here ence of the United States, by concluding his devotion to his favorite pursuits brought a treaty of defensive alliance with them. on a disease, which hastened the end of 1778. New York acceded to the confed- his existence, in the 71st year of his age. eration. His works amount to about 70 volumes, 1783. LAUNCELOT BROWN died. He in- octavo. vented a new system of horticulture, and 1806. Action between the British fleet carried ornamental gardening to a high de- under Admiral Duckworth, and the French gree of perfection. Many delightful places under Lessiegues, off St. Domingo, which of resort in England will stand for ages as resulted in the destruction of the latter, memorials of his superior taste and abilities. consisting of four large ships of war. 8 58 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 6 1807. The French under Murat, defeated acter, and has been both ridiculed and exthe Prussians under Hoff, in Prussian Po- tolled by the best English authors. land. 1693. PAUL PELISSON FONTANIER died. 1811. The prince regent of Great Brit- He gave a history of the French academy ain took the oath prescribed by the regency from its establishment. act, and was installed. 1778. DANIEL BOONE, the first settler of 1813. The. United States government Kentucky, taken by the French and Inordered all alien enemies to report them- dians near the Blue licks. This was the selves to the marshals of the districts in second time he had fallen into the hands which they resided. of the Indians. He made his escape about 1814. Lord CASTLEREAGH, with other ten days after, and reached home in safety. diplomatic characters, met at Chartillon- 1788. The settlement at Botiny bay sur-Seine, for the negotitation of peace. abandoned, and this day the regular form 1815. Full pardon granted to the Bar- of government was adopted, under Gov. ratarian pirates by the president of the Arthur Philip, and settlement made at United States, in consequence of their Sydney cove, Port Jackson, New South fidelity and courage in the defence of New Wales. Orleans. 1791. Saratoga and Rensselaer counties 1832. The crew of the United States in New York, erected. frigate Potomac, made an attack upon 1792. ATHANASE AUGER, a celebrated Qualla Battoo, in Sumatra. The town was linguist, died. lIe was born at Paris, 1734, destroyed and 150 Malays killed; loss of and became a clergymen. His studies of the Potomac 2 killed, 14 wounded. the Greek and Roman writers were inde1833. PIERRE-ANDRE LATREILLE, a fatigable; the study of Cicero and of Roman French naturalist, died at Paris. He par- history occupied the last thirty years of ticularly distinguished himself in ento- his life. His translations, &c., were pubmology. lished in 30 vols. Learning proved its 1834. The celebrated and enterprising worth in his character and life. traveler, Lander, died of a shot wound in 1796. The British admiral, Sir FRANCIS Africa. GEARY, died, aged 86. 1853. President CAVALLOS resigned, and 1799. JOHN HEDWIG died; a German Gen. Lombardini chosen president of Mexi- botanist, whose researches respecting the co with dictatorial powers. cryptogamia class of plants have established 1853. The insurrection of Mazzini at his name. Milan, which was unsuccessful. 1807. Schweidnitz in Silesia surrendered 1853. WILLIAM PETER, British consul at to the French general Vandamme. Philadelphia, died. He translated the 1810. British General PICTON tried for Prometheus of /Eschylus, was an accom- ordering Louisa Calderon to be put to the plished scholar and talented poet. torture. He was killed at the battle of Waterloo. 1812. Earthquake at Philadelphia; duration 30 seconds. It was also observed in FEBRUARY 7. various parts of the United States to a less extent. 1451. B. c. The Jews place the death of 1813. Capt. FORSYTHE with 200 volunMoses on this day. teers from Ogdensburgh, crossed at Morris1642. WILLIAM BEDELL, bishop of Kil- town to Elizabethtown, surprised the Britmore, died; one of the most exemplary ish guard and took 52 prisoners, 140 guns prelates of the 17th century. He was so and some munitions, and liberated from greatly respected even by the papists, that jail 16 British deserters. when the Irish rebellion of 1641 broke out, 1821. The Caxton printing office, on his was for some time the only English Copperas-hill, Liverpool, the property of house in the county that stood unviolated. Henry Fisher, totally destroyed by fire. But tefusing to submit to the orders of the It was the largest periodical warehouse in council of state, interfering with his re- Great Britain. ligious duties, he was thrown into prison, 1823. ANNE RADCLIFFE died. She was and his death was occasioned by the rigors born in London, 1764, and married at the of confinement. He translated the old age of 23, William Radcliffe, editor of the testament into Irish. British Chronicle. The Romance of the For1674. MARGARET LucAs,dutchess of New- est, her third novel, gave her much celecastle, died; authoress of plays, poems, brity, and the Mysteries of Udolpho placed letters, essays, and philosophical fancies, her at the head of a department of fiction filling 12 folio volumes, and the biography then rising into esteem. These works still of herhusband, William Cavendish, earl of maintain their place among the more modNewcastle. She was a very singular char- ernmand fashionable productions of the kind. Feb. 7.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 59 1828. HENRY NEELE, an ingenious En- professor in the university of Valence, in glish poet and novelist, died by his own France, where he narrowly escaped assashand, in a fit of insanity, supposed to have sination at the massacre of St. Bartholooriginated from too intense an application mews. He bore an excellent character, to study. He was the son of an engraver, independent of his talents and learning. and educated for the bar. His literary re- 1637. FERDINARD II of Germany, an enmains were published after his death. terprising monarch, died. 1834. CADWALLADER D. COLDEN, SO favor- 1664. MosEs AMYRAULT, an eminent ably known as a philanthropist and schol- French divine, died. He was a man of ar, died at Jersey city. such remarkable benevolence, that he 1837. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IV, ex-king bestowed the whole of his salary upon the of Sweden, died. He came to the throne poor, without distinguishing between cathat the age of 14, on the assassination of his olics and protestants. father, 1792; but on account of his violent 1674. A resolution was adopted by the and impolitic conduct, he was deposed in house of commons in England,that a stand1809, and his heirs excluded from the ing army is a grievance; that the king throne. He afterwards traveled in differ- should have no other guard than the militia. ent countries of Europe under different 1690. A party of about 300 French and names, and died at St. Gall in Switzerland. Indians made an assault on Schenectady The latter years of his life were spent in about 12 o'clock at night. The inhabitants poverty; he was badly clothed and fed, were taken by surprise, and 60 men, woand possessed only an annuity of ~300. men and children massacred, and the town 1837. The royal palace at Naples took destroyed. They took 27 prisoners, the fire and was partially destroyed. The li- remainder of the inhabitants fled to Albrary and the magnificient collection of bany, nearly naked. through a deep snow, paintings belonging to the king were burnt. of whom 25 lost their limbs from the se1839. KARL AUGUST NICANDER, a recent verity of the frost. Swedish poet of no small celebrity, died. 1716. Earthquake in Peru. 1724. PETER I, emperor of Russia, died. 1727. GEORGE SEWELL died; an English dramatic poet, physician and miscellaneous FEBRUARY 8. writer. 1750. An earthquake in London. 293 B. C. PAPIRIUS CURSOR dedicated a 1750. AARON HILL, a celebrated dramatic temple to Quirinus, on which he placed a and miscellaneous writer in the time of sun-dial, the first ever seen in Rome. Garrick, died. 291 B. c. ESCULAPIUS, the Sanitary god, 1752. GASPER DE REAL died at Paris as it was fabled, was enshrined as a serpent author of a valuable work on government. on an island in the Tiber. As a physician 1772. The princess dowager of Wales he used the probe, cathartics, bandages, died in her 53d year. She is said to have &c., hence the respect. given the peculiar tone to the first years of 1250. ROBERT, count of Artois, killed. her son's administration by her laconic exHe was brother to Louis IX of France, re- hortation " George be king." fused the empire of Germany offered him 1779. MosEs ALLEN, chaplain to the by the pope, and accompanied his brother Georgia brigade, was drowned in attemptto the Holy Land, where he conducted ing to escape from a British prison ship. himself with great valor. He fell in the He was a native of Northampton, Mass.; battle of Massourah. his age 31. 1574. GEOFFREY VALLEE,a French writer, 1807. Battle of Preussish Eylau, between author of B&titude des Chrftiens, which the French army of 90,000 under Bonadrew upon him the censure of the inqui- parte, and 60,000 Russians under Bensition, burnt at Paris. ningsen. The battle commenced at the 1587. MARY STUART, queen of Scots, dawn of day. At noon a storm arose, beheaded in the great hall of Fotheringay which drifted the snow in the eyes of the castle, at the age of 44. She was the Russians. The contest endedat 10o'clock daughter of James V, of Scotland. The at night, when each army, after 14 hours misfortunes which it was the destiny of hard fighting, occuppied the same position this beautiful and accomplished woman to as in the morning. Twelve of Napoleon's undergo are well known. After an im- eagles were in the hands of Benningsen, prisonment of 19 years in England, she was and the field between was strewed with brought to the scaffold on a conviction of 50,000 dead, dying and wounded. The conspiracy against the queen, Elizabeth. Russians finally retreated, leaving 15,000 1594. EDMUNp BONNEFOY, a writer on prisoners in the hands of the French. oriental law, died at Geneva in Switzer- 1815. The congress of Vienna determined land, at the age of 38. He was appointed to abolish slavery. 60 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 8. 1817. FRANCIS HORNER died, aged 39. ceeded on his way to the stake with great He was distinguished alike for his spirited courage and apparent unconcern. During report of the bullion committee, and his the burning he stood without crying or rich contributions to the Edinburgh Review. moving, till one of the executioners struck 1819. JOHN DAVID ACKERBLAD died; a him on the head with a halberd, when his Swedish scholar, who distinguished him- corpse fell down into the fire. self by his researches in Runic, Phceni- 1577. PHILIBERT DE LORME, an eminent cian, Coptic and Hieroglyphic literature. French architect and antiquary, died. He 1820. CHARLES JUSTUS GRUNER, a Prus- left several works on architecture greatly sian police officer, died. He was an active esteemed. opponent of Napoleon during the whole of 1636. PHILEMON HOLLAND died at Covenhis career, and was finally imprisoned to try, England. He was a laborious transappease the French. After the second fall lator of the Greek and Latin authors. of Bonaparte he was made Prussian direct- 1660. The gates and portcullis, of Lonor of the police for Paris and the environs, don destroyed by Monk, who soon disin which capacity he counteracted with covered his error. great decision and dexterity, the cunning 1670. FREDERICK III, of Denmark, died. of Fouche, who employed every means to He succeeded his father, Christian IV, and retain the works of art which had been improved the condition of his people by collected at Paris. He wrote several valu- making them more independent of the able works on subjects connected with nobles; the crown he also made hereditary. politics and the police. 1671. A speech on the enormous sub1820. ROBERT COWLEY, an African, died sidies granted to Charles II, by Lord Lucas; at Richmond, Va., aged 125. He had been though delivered in the king's presence, it for many years door-keeper to the Capitol was published, and burned by the comof Virginia, which office was bestowed mon hangman. upon him as a reward for revolutionary 1674. The city of New York surrendered services. to the British by the Dutch governor, An1827. WILLIAM MITFORD, an eminent thony Colve. historical and philosophical writer, died. 1674. Treaty of peace between England He is best known as the author of a popular and the States General. history of Greece. 1675. The French fleet, under the duke 1842. Great earthquake at the Windward of Vivonne, of 9 men-of-war and several islands. Point Petre, in Guadaloupe, to- fire ships, defeated the Spanish blockading tally destroyed, and 10,000 lives lost. It fleet at Messina, and entered that port in extended over 46 degrees of latitude. triumph. 1851. NICHOLAS VAN SITTART, a British 1680. J. CLAUDE DABLON, a Jesuit misstatesman, died, aged 85. sionary in Canada, died. He contributed 1856. M. CHACORNAC discovered the the two last. volumes of the Relacions, thirty-ninth asteroid. which were sent to Europe; valuable for the geographical information they contain. 1734. PETER POLINIERE died at Coulonces FEBRUARY 9. in France. He was a mathematician, philosopher and chemist, and the first who 1450. AGNES SOREL died. She was the read lectures on those sciences at Paris. mistress of Charles VII, of France, distin- 1751. HENRY FRANCIS D'AGuESSEAU, a guished for her beauty, strength of mind, French statesman, died. At the early age and the influence she possessed over the of 21 he was appointed to the office of adking, whom she incited to deeds of glory. vocate-general, ten years after solicitor gen1547. HENRY VIII was succeeded on the eral, and finally, in 1717, succeeded to the throne of England by his only son, Ed- chancellorship. He retired from this office ward VI, in the ninth year of his age, who 1750, at the age of 82, when an annuity of was crowned with great state at West- about $25,000 was settled upon him. Volminster. taire pronounced him the most learned 1555. JOHN HOOPFR, bishop of Glouces- magistrate that France ever produced. His ter, burnt. He was a dissenter in the time published speeches and pleadings form 13 of Mary, and refusing to recant his opin- quarto volumes. ions, was burnt in the city of Gloucester, 1752. FREDERICK HASSELQUIST, a Sweand suffered death with admirable con- dish botanist and natural historian, died at stancy. Smyrna. 1555. ROWLAND TAYLOR burnt at Had- 1765. The peruke makers, distressed that leigh, in England, for resisting the estab- people wore their own hair, and that forlishment of papal worship in his church. eigners were employed, petitioned the king Great efforts were made to induce him to for redress. But the populace, not seeing recant, which he firmly rejected, and pro- the consistency of being compelled to take Feb. 9.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 61 off their hair while the peruke makers wore 1834. BENJAMIN B. WISNER, a distintheir own, rose upon them, and cut it off. guished Calvinistic clergyman, of Boston, 1767. HUBERT DROUAIS died; a painter and for several years secretary of the A. of Normandy, who by pencil raised himself B. C. ]. M. died. from obscurity to fame and opulence. 1845. JOB PALMER, one of the fathers of 1773. JOHN GREGORY, an eminent phy- the city of Charleston, S. C., and a worthy sician of Edinburgh, died. He taught that of the relvolution, died, aged' nearly 98. the medical art, to be generally admired 1849. On account of revolutionary moveand respected, needed only to be better ments the grand duke of Tuscany led from known; and that the affectation of conceal- Florence. The glorious Roman republic ment retarded its progress, rendered it a proclaimed. suspicious art, and tended to draw ridicule and disgrace on its profession. His writings are spirited and elegant; among them FEBRUARY 10.. Father's Legacy to his Daughter is well known and appreciated. 1024. ABDURRAHMAN IV, sultan of Cor1778. Two clergymen having preached dova, dethroned by a relative and put to in a chapel in Clerkenwell street, London, death. He was a patron of science, which without leave of the bishop, were prose- he cultivated with success, and a poet. cuted, and the chapel shut by a writ of 1306. JOHN COMYN murdered by Robert monition. Bruce in the convent of the minorite friars. 1779. WILLIAM BOYCE died; an eminent They were rival nobles, who had recently English musician and composer, chiefly of settled their differences, and agreed upon sacred pieces. a revolt from the dominion of England. 1782. BENJAMIN MARTIN died in London; Comyn had treacherously revealed the one of the most celebrated mathematicians matter to Edward. Bruce hastened to acand opticians of the age in which he lived. cuse him of it, and after some altercation 1795. FERDINAND IlI of Austria recog- struck him with his dagger, and he was nized the French republic, and made immediately despatched by Bruce's atpeace with it. This was the first power tendants. that acknowledged the new dynasty. 1402. WALLERAN, count of St. Pol, is1795. The first parliament opened in sued against Henry IV, of England, his Corsica, then subject to England. famous cartel of defiance. 1795. Treaty of peace signed between 1519. HERNANDO CORTEZ sailed from Cuba France and Tuscany. for the conquest of Mexico. His armament 1799. A naval action between the United consisted of 11 ships, 508 soldiers and 109 States frigate Constellation, 36 guns, Capt. mariners. This force was divided into 16 Truxton, and the French frigate Insurgent, cavalry, 13 musketeers, 10 brass field pieces, 48 guns and 410 men. The engagement 4 falconets, and 32 crossbows. This miniaresulted in the capture of the Frenchman ture army was destined to oppose more in one hour and a quarter. French loss, than 500,000 warriors before it reached the 29 killed, 44 wounded; American, 1 killed. capital of the great Montezuma. 2 wounded. This was the first opportunity 1539. JOHN STEPHEN DURANTI killed. He offered to an American frigate to engage an was the first president of the parliament of enemy of superior force. Toulouse; and made himself conspicuous 1799. British ship Dedalus, captured the by his efforts to preserve that city from the French frigate La Prudente in 57 minutes. plague of 1538. He was killed by a mob. French lost 27 killed, 22 wounded; British 1567. HENRY STUART, Lord Darnley, murhad 2 killed, 12 wounded. dered, aged 21. The house in which he 1801. Definite treaty of Luneville signed. lay sick was blown up, it is supposed with 1810. The French occupied Zafra in Es- the privity of his wife, Mary queen of tramadura. Scots, by her favorite, the earl of Bothwell. 1811. NEVIL MASKELYNE died at London, Darnley had murdered Rizzio, the queen's aged 79. This eminent mathematician and musician, before her own eyes, whose blood astronomer ardently devoted a long life to was thus avenged. Mary perished on the science, and mariners owe to his discove- scaffold, and Bothwell was taken by the ries the method of finding the longitude at Norwegians, and died insane after ten sea by lunar observations. years' imprisonment. 1815. CLAUDIUS BUCHANAN died. In 1640. DE VRIES commenced a plantation scriptural erudition he had very few supe- about four miles above the fort at New riors. Deeply versed in oriental literature, Amsterdam, and complains that the direche conceived the plan of giving every man tor of the West India company had failed to read the scriptures in his own tongue, to send him people for his colony on Staand died while superintending an edition ten island, as had been agreed upon. of the Bible in the Syriac language. 1658. GERARD LANGBAINE, an English 62 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 10. writer, died. He acquired literary celebrity His Spirit of Laws has immortalized his by his edition of Longinus. name. 1676. Attack on Lancaster, Mass., by 1763. Treaty of peace signed at Paris the Indians under Pocanoket. The village between France, Spain and Great Britain, contained 60 families; most of the houses by which the latter retained possession of that were not garrisoned were burnt; and Canada and Florida, besides many imthe house of the clergyman, although de- portant islands in the West Indias, and fended by a competent number of in- along the coast, which had been recently habitants, was fired by the Indians, the captured by the British. women and children carried away, and the 1773. JAMES FORTHON died at Grenada, men either killed on the spot or reserved one of the West India islands, aged 127. for further misery. Mrs. Rowlandson and 1775. Lord NORTH, the prime minister, her children, the family of the clergyman, introduced a bill to restrain the trade and were afterwards redeemed. The town was commerce of the New England states, saved from entire ruin by the appearance which finally passed by a large majority of a company of 40 men from Marlbo- on the 30th. rough. 1783. JAMES NARES, a celebrated English 1676. ALEXEI MICHAELOWITZ, czar of musical composer, died. His anthems Russia, died. He was father of Peter the manifest great power of genius, and with Great; distinguished for his wars, his his other works will perpetuate his name, munificence, and his improvements in the and ever rank him with the first of his state. profession. 1680. A great comet, which had alarmed 1786. JOHN CADWALLADER, an officer of the inhabitants of New England since the the revolution, died, aged 44. He com18th November, disappeared. It was also manded the Pennsylvania troops, and was observed in Europe, and Henault says that in several important engagements as a it was the largest which had ever been seen, volunteer; he enjoyed the confidence and and struck terror into the minds of the esteem of Washington. people of France. It was by the observa- 1786. Cardinal DR SOLIS died, aged 110. tion of this comet that Newton ascertained He was a native of Andalusia in Spain, the parabolic form of the trajectory of and at the time of his death was ill the comets, anddemonstrated their orbits. This enjoyment of every faculty but strength discovery contributed to the removal of and quickness of hearing. those terrors with which the phenomenon 1787. CHARLES CHAUNCEY, a Boston dihad always been attended, in all ages, and vine, died. He was eminent for learning, among all nations, who viewed it as the independence and attachment to the civil presage of some direful event. and religious liberty of his country. His 1686. WILLIAM DUGDALE, an eminent productions are numerous. English antiquary and historian, died. 1790. The celebrated chess-player PHIL1689. ISAAC VOSSIUS, a German scholar, LODOR won two games which he played died. He is the author of various learned with skilled players while he was blind works in German, and edited several Latin folded. The moves being made by his and Greek works. In 1670 he visited directions. England, was admitted to the degree of 1794. The British under Admiral Jarvis LL. D., and presented to a canonry at took Pigeon island, Martinique. Windsor by Charles II, who afterwards 1795. The English garrison at Bergentook occasion to say that he was a strange op-Zoom disarmed and sent prisoners to divine, for he believed every thing but the France. The French also took Groningen Bible. the same day. 1711. RICHARD DUKE died. He was a 1795. The tower of Martello in Corsica poet of some credit in the last century, and taken by the British under Admiral Hood. by Dr. Johnson included among the clas- 1797. The French pillaged Loretto, a sics. fortified town in Italy. The soldiers entered 1743. British sloop Squirrel captured the cathedral which contains the holy house, the Spanish ship Pierre Joseph, with 195,- in which it is said the Virgin Mary lived 000 pieces of eight on board and a valuable at Nazareth, and laid their republican cargo of cochineal, indigo, &c. hands upon the madonna, the famous 1747. THOMAS CHUBB died. He was bred Lady of Loretto, which they found standing a glover, but when he arrived at the age upon an altar, in a niche of silver, surof manhood, devoted great attention to rounded by numerous gold and silver the sciences and divinity, and gained great lamps, and adorned with jewels. She was celebrity by a work on the latter subject. sent to Paris. 1755. CHARLES DE SECONDAT, Baron Mon- 1799. BONAPARTE set out from Cairo on tesquieu, an illustrious Frenchman, died. his disastrous expedition to Syria. Feb. 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 63 1802. Port au Paix in Hayti taken by of the murderers of Edward V, executed the French. The blacks set it on fire and as a traitor. He is said to have confessed blew up two forts. his agency in the death of both the young 1803. JEAN FRANCOIS DE LA HARPE, an princes. eminent French orator, critic, poet and 1543. An alliance was formed between dramatic writer, died. Henry VIII of England, and the emperor 1804. His catholic majesty, CHARLES IV, Charles V. renounced his frotest against the aliena- 1573. DRAKE the navigator was conducttion by France of Louisiana to the United ed by the Symerons to a tree notched with States. steps, which served them for a watch 1807. Bill for abolishing the British slave tower, and from the summit of which he trade passed the house of lords. had a view of the two oceans, one of which 1808. Russia declared war against Swe- no English vessel had ever yet navigated. den. 1650. RENE DESCARTES, a celebrated 1809. Portugal invaded by the French French philosopher and mathematician, under Soult. died, aged 54. His superior intellect early 1809. GEORGE ZOEGA, a celebrated Danish manifested itself. He embraced the militaantiquary, died. ry profession, and served in various coun1818. THOMAS MORRIS, a British officer, tries, the better to make observations and died, aged 74. He fought by the side of form satisfactory conclusions on scientific Montgomery in Canada during the French subjects. He finally settled in Holland, war, was taken by the Indians, and nar- where during the last 20 years of his life, rowly escaped burning at the stake. On the greater part of his works were written. quitting the army he published an account It is said of him that he extended the of his captivity, and in the retirement of limits of geometry as far beyond the place a small cottage passed some years in the where he found them, as Sir Isaac Newton pursuits of literature.' did after him. 1841. Union of Upper and Lower Canada,; 1659. FRANCIS OSBORNE died; an EngLord Sydenham taking the oath of office lish writer of great abilities. as governor of the united provinces. 1733. JOHN PERRY, a celebrated English 1852. Gold medal presented to Henry engineer, died. He was patronized by Clay at Washington by New York friends. czar Peter of Russia, of which country he 1854. Gen. HERRERA, ex-president of the wrote a history. republic of Mexico, died. He was one of 1761. A usurer fined at Guildhall, Lonthe veterans of the war of independence, don, ~300 for having exacted six guineas and as a statesman, had given proofs of to discount ~100 for six weeks. the loftiest patriotism and disinterested- 1763. PETER CARLET DE MARIVEAUX, a ness. French romancer, died. The great charac1856. President RIVAS decreed the an- teristic of his works, is to convey a useful nexation of the whole Mosquito territory moral under the veil of wit and sentiment. to Nicaragua. 1763. WILLIAM SHENSTONE died, aged 50. His father was a gentleman farmer, who cultivated a moderate estate, called the Leasowes, which were rendered celebrated FEBRUARY 11. by the taste of the son. Having finished his studies, and come into possession of the 641. HERACLIUS, emperor of the East, died. paternal property, he gave himself up to He was the son of a governor of Africa, rural embellishments and the cultivation conspired against Phocas, whom he be- of poetry. He wrote for fame, which was headed, and ascended the throne of Con- not awarded him by his cotemporaries and stantinople. he died broken hearted. "He was a lamp 1225. HENRY III subscribed the great that spent its oil in blazing." His princicharter of English liberties, which was pal poem is The Schoolmistress. witnessed by 13 bishops, 20 abbots, and 1771. JEAN DE BEUARAIN died; a French 32 earls and barons. negotiator and geographer. He was made 1451. AMURATH 1I, emperor of the Otto- geographer to Louis XV at the age of 25. mans, died. He was the first Turk who 1771. JOHN BURTON, a learned English used cannon in battle. divine, died, leaving some ingenious wri1502. ELIZABETH of York, queen of tings, collected under the title of Opuscula Henry VII, died in childbirth, in the tower Miscellanea. of London, on her birth day, aged 36. 1780. The British under Sir Henry ClinShe married Henry in 1486, by which the ton landed in St. John's Island, about 30 antagonist houses of York and Lancaster miles from Charleston, S. C. were united. 1793. Great Britain issued letters of 1503. JAMES TYRELL supposed to be one marque and reprisal against France. 64 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 11. 1797. FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, one of strange a nature, that persons seized with the signers of the declaration of inde- it died sneezing and gaping. dence, and a brave officer in the 1401. WILLIAM SAWTRY, a Lollard, conAmerican revolution, died at Richmond, demned and burned to death at London Va., aged 63. for heresy. 1807. Revolution in St. Domingo, in 1448. A general poll tax of 6d. with 6s. which a profusion of blood was shed. 8d. on every merchant stranger, and 20d. 1810. The spire and part of the tower of on their clerks, granted by parliament to St. Nicholas' church at Liverpool, fell Henry VI. through the roof and killed several in the 1542. CATHARINE HOWARD, fifth wife of church. Henry VIII, beheaded. The execution of 1811. Battle of Laffesat, in which the this ungrateful woman excited no comPrussians defeated the Turks, after a san- miseration, as she had been the principal guinary contest. instrument in the accusations against Anne 1814. Battle of Montmirial between the Boleyn, her predecessor. French under Bonaparte, and the Russians 1554. JANE GREY beheaded, at the age under D'Yorck. of 17. She was the daughter of Mary, 1815. Fort Boyer, Mobile, with a garri- youngest sister of Henry VIII, and a woson of 375, surrendered to 5,000 British man of uncommon beauty, talents and under Lambert, with a fleet of 13 ships of learning, for her years, to which she added the line and 25 smaller vessels. Col. Law- great amiability of disposition, and fortirence received a wound, and seeing that it tude of mind. Her disastrous fate created was-useless to contend against such odds, an extraordinary interest in her favor, struck his flag. British loss 31; American which has continued unabated. " Good 10. Christian people, you come here to see me 1821. ADAM WALKER died. He was die; not for any thing I have offended, for apprenticed to a weaver; but ultimately I will deliver to my God a soul as pure from became.a lecturer on philosophy, which trespass, as innocence from injustice." he adopted as a profession, and traveled in 1589. BLANCH PERRY died, chief gentleEngland for the purpose of lecturing on woman to Queen Elizabeth, and a great that science. lover of antiquities, besides a very tasteful 1827. JosE MARIA ABRANTES, a Portu- writer. guese nobleman died in exile. He was the 1640. WILLIAM ALEXANDER, Lord Stirlfriend of Don Miguel, of infamous memory, ing, died; a dramatic poet and statesman 1828. DE WITT CLINTON died athis resi- in the time of James and Charles I. His dence in Albany, aged 59. He was born poetry, for purity and elegance, is far bein the town of Little Britain, Orange coun- yond the generality of the productions of ty, N. Y., 1769, and educated for the bar. the age in which he lived. He was at an early age elected to a seat in 1660. General MONK, now reconciled to the legislature, and continued to hold offi- the citizens of London, drew up his forces ces of honor and emolument until the day in Finsbury fields, makes an apology of his death, at which time he was governor which is the signal of rejoicing. Burning of the state of New York. It is to his lamps the principal pastime. perseverance in a great measure, that we 1689. The parliament of England chose owe the construction of the Erie canal. As William and Mary king and queen. a public character he is entitled to durable 1706. Battle of Fraustadt, in Prussia, in renown, and no one was ever more ambi- which the Saxons and Muscovites under tious of a reputation for science and litera- Gen. Schullemberg, were defeated by the ture. Swedes under Marshall Renschild. 1837. JOHN LATHAM, an eminent Flng- 1733. The colony of Savannah comlish naturalist and ornithologist, died, aged menced, under Gen. Oglethorpe. This was 97. He was one of the founders of the the first settlement in Georgia. Linnean society, and commenced the pub- 1744. The elector of Bavaria chosen emlication of his last work at the age of 82. peror of Germany under the title of 1844. HENRY KIFER, a soldier of the Charles VII. revolution, died at North Woodbury, Pa., 1746. Birthday of THADDEUS KOSCIUSKO, aged 110 1-2 years. the Polish warrior. 1856. CAROLINE LEE HENTZ, a wellknown 1757. Peace concluded between the EngAmerican novelist, died. lish and Sourajah Dowlah. 1771. ADOLPHUS FREDERICK II, king of Denmark, died. He was the founder of FEBRUARY 12. the academy of belles-lettres at Torneo. 1782. The British surrendered the island 590. PELAGIUS II, pope of Rome, died. of St. Christophers to the French, under In his time a plague raged at Rome of so the marquis de Bouille. Feb. 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 65 1787. JOSEPH ROGER BoscoVICH, an Ita- 1817. Battle of Chacabuco, in Chili, in lian mathematician, died at Milan. He which the patriots under San Martin and was also an elegant poet. O'Higgins, gained a decisive victory over 1789. GABRIEL BROTIER died at Paris; the Spaniards under Maroto. This, with an illustrious and amiable Frenchman, and the victory of Maypu, which occurred one of the most distinguished ornaments afterwards, achieved the independence of of the belles-lettres in that country. the country. 1792. Battle on the plain of Morocco, 1826. DEODATUS BYE, died. He edited between Yezid and Ishem, two brothers, Cruden's Concordance, Diversions of Purley, contesting for the throne. The forces of &c. Some fugitive pieces in the Gentlethe latter, about 30,000, were defeated by man's Magazine bear his signature. about half the number under the former. 1831. Great solar eclipse (annular), visiBoth commanders were badly wounded. ble in most parts of the United States. Ishem lost 1,300 killed, and 800 prisoners, 1832. The cholera made its appearance who were all put to death by being nailed in London. to the walls and floors and left without 1834. FREDERICK SCHLIERMACHER, a celefood. brated Prussian divine, died. He was 1793. JOHN MANLEY died, aged 60. He professor of theology at Halle, and distinwas appointed by Washington a captain in guished for the energy of his character and the navy, was very successful in his cap- the extent of his acquirements. tures, but was finally taken prisoner by the 1837. EDWARD TURNER, professor of British and confined in the Mill prison. chemistry, London, died, aged 40. He 1797. ANTHONY D'AUVERGNE died at Ly- was an eminent chemist, a popular and ons. He was director of the opera at Paris, much esteemed professor, and a very and an eminent composer. exemplary and benevolent character. 1799. LAZARUS SPALLANZANI, an Italian 1840. ASTLEY PASTON COOPER, a highly writer, died. He is considered as one of distinguished English surgeon, died at the greatest naturalists of that age. London, aged 72. He was one of the first 1802. A messenger from England to lord operators of his time, and carried on a Cornwallis was attacked by two wolves practice unexampled for extent and emonear Boulogne, which tore off the lips of lument in the annals of surgery. His inhis horses. come from his practice was nearly one 1804. IMMANUEL KANT, a Prussian meta- hundred thousand dollars per annum. In physician, died. He was the son of a har- one instance he received a fee of one thouness maker in the suburbs of Ko1lingsberg. sand guineas for an operation for the stone. He continued by persevering industry to 1855. The island of Cuba declared by obtain a good education, and at the age of the captain-general to be in a state of siege, 22 successfully attacked the doctrines of and the coasts and circumjacent waters in the most eminent metaphysicians of the blockade. day. He was an original and profound thinker, as his numerous works attest: and his philosophy has been taught in all the FEBRUARY 13. German universities except some Catholic ones. This day was kept by the Jews as a fast, 1807. Battle of Marienwerder, in Polish instituted by Esther in memorial of the Prussia, in which the Prussians were de- day appointed by Haman for the extirfeated by the French under Lefebre. pation of her countrymen. The same 1808. Remarkable duel at Bonnau, in day was afterwards decreed as a feast for Austria, between the Bavarian general Von the death of Nicanor, the Syrian capWrede, and a former Swedish minister, tain, who was slain at Bethhoron, B. c. Von Duben. It was occasioned by the lat- 161. ter having cast reflections upon the Bava- 1098. London bridge carried away by a rian troops in 1805, in his dispatches to the flood and tax imposed to erect another. Swedish government, and was fought in 1570. BENVENUTO CELLINI, a Florentine presence of a vast number of people. sculptor, engraver and goldsmith, died. 1810. Badajos in Spain summoned to His works in gold and silver are sold now surrender by the French marshal, Mortier. at immense prices. In his autobiography, The govenor returned the summons uno- which has been translated, he claims to pened. have aimed the balls which killed the con1814. Battle of Chateau Thierry, be- stable of Bourbon, and the prince of tween the French and Russians, in which Orange, at the siege of Rome. the general of the latter, Fredenrich, was 1579. JOHN FOWLER, an eminent English taken prisoner. printer, died at Louvain, in Belgium, 1814. General WILKINSON burned his where he had a press and issued various barracks at French Mills. controversial treatises, leveled at protestant9 66 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 13. ism. He was well skilled in languages, a was ardently engaged in the Chattertonian tolerable poet and orator, a theologist not controversy, and the author of the supto be contemned, and well versed in criti- posed Rowley's poems. cism and polite literature. 1787. CHARLES GRAVIER, count de Ver1585. ALPHONSUS SALMERON, of Toledo, gennes, a French statesman, died. As secdied. He wrote commentaries on the retary of state for foreign affairs to Louis scriptures, was a zealous follower of Loyola, XVI, he assisted the Americans in their the founder of the Jesuits and distin- struggle for independence. guished for his learning. 1789. ETHAN ALLEN, an officer in the 1602. ALEXANDER NOWELL, an English revolutionary army, died. He took Tidivine, died. His Catechism, published conderoga and Crown-Point; was himself 1572, was in extensive use and much ad- captured near Montreal, sent to England, mired. and after experiencing much cruelty, ex1662. ELIZABETH, queen of Bohemia, changed. He sustained the character of and eldest daughter of James I, of Eng- an infidel, and in his writings ridiculed the land, died and was buried in Henry VII's scriptures. chapel. 1790. The French convention abolished 1689. Revolution in England; William, monastic establishments, and confiscated prince of Orange, and the princess Mary, a their lands. (See Jan. 16.) daughter of the abdicating monarch, were 1794. The French convention ratified proclaimed, by the lords and commons, the treaty of peace with the grand duke sovereigns of England. (Holmes says of Tuscany. 16th.) 1794. The canal of Merthyr Tydvil, 1694. The highland massacre at Glencoe, in Wales, opened, another great improvein Scotland. ment. 1699. The government of England sent 1798. CHRISTIAN FREDRICK SCHWARTZ, an an order to the play-houses that nothing eminent German missionary to Hindosshould be enacted contrary to religion or tan, died. His labors were of nearly half a good manners. century's duration, and had a great influ1726. WILLIAM WATTON died; an Eng- ence over the affairs of the country. lish divine, critic, historian, and miscella- 1801. British frigate Success, 40 guns, neous writer of great learning. captured by a French squadron. 1727. The British under Col. Campbell 1805. Action between the British ship precipitately evacuated Augusta, Georgia, St. Fiorenza and the French frigate Psyche in the night. 36 guns, and the prize ship Thetis, which 1727. The Spaniards under the marquis resulted in the capture of the two latter. de la Torras, commenced the siege of Gib- French loss 57 killed and 70 wounded; raltar. This was the twelfth siege, and British 12 k., 36 w. proved unsuccessful. 1814. General WILKINSON burned his 1727. COTTON MATHER died at Boston, boats in Salmon river, and broke up canaged 65. He was the most learned man in tonment at French mills; Gen. Brown America, and one of the most supersti- went to Sacketts harbor, and Gen. Macomb tious. His achievements in one year were to Plattsburg; the snow being 2 feet 10 72 sermons, 60 fasts, 20 vigils and 14 inches deep. books. His publications amounted to 382, 1817. GEORGE ROGERS CLARKE died; an some of them being of large dimensions. officer in the service of Virginia against The Magnalia is his chef d' ceuvre. He the Indians in the revolutionary war, where lived in the age of witchcraft, and fell in he distinguished himself greatly, and was with the delusion, hand, heart and pen. for some time the protector of the people 1752. SAMUEL CROXALL, an English of the frontiers of Virginia and Pennsylauthor and translator of good repute, died. vania against the inroads of the tribes. 1781. A troop of Tarleton's dragoons, 1817. The elegant sword voted by the under Capt. Miller, were cut to pieces by state of New York to Com. McDonough, Lieut. Col. Lee: the captain and' all were was presented to him at Hartford. taken, except two; 18 were killed. Lee 1820. -CHARLES FERDINAND due de Berri, had ordered his Lieut. Lewis, to give no assassinated. He was the youngest son quarters, on account of Miller's having re- of Charles X., a man of talents and intrefused quarter to Lee's bugler, an unarmed pidity, and popular with the army. His boy, whom they had overtaken and sabred. assassin was actuated to the deed by a Lee halted his men at a farm, was sudden- desire to exterminate the Bourbon family, ly come upqn by the advance of Cornwal- which he had vowed to accomplish, and lis, but escaped by a sudden and bold had begun with the duke, in whom the movement. line was to be perpetuated. (See July 7, 1784. JEREMIAH MILES died; an emi- Louvel.) nent English divine and antiquary. He 1833. STANISLAUS PONIATOWSKI died at Feb. 13.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 67 Florence. He was a nephew of Stanislaus Monkton and Rodney, by the French gover. Augustus, the last king of Poland. Hav- nor, M. de la Touche. The entire reduction ing defended the interests of his country of Martinique was effected with the loss of with manly eloquence in the diet of Po- 107 killed and 150 wounded. The French land, he retired to Florence, and was noted lost 1000 of their best men. Before its as a liberated patron of the arts and liter- reduction the island could raise 10,000 ature. This prince was the first who set white inhabitants fit to bear arms and 40,the example of a useful and glorious re- 000 negroes. form by emancipating the serfs of his ex- 1764. PETER RESTAUT died; an advotensive domains. cate at Paris, distinguished for his learning 1840. WILHELM WILLINK, a friend of and integrity. Washington and of the United States, died 1764. Mr. WILLIAMS a printer was put in at Amsterdam, aged 91. He furnished the the pillory for republishing the North first loan to the colonies after their revolt Briton, No. 45, at London. But the specfrom the British dominion. tators made a contribution for him of over 1843. Gen. ROBERT PORTERFIELD died at 200 guineas. Augusta county, Va., aged 90. He served 1779. JAMES COOK, the English navigain the Revolutionary army. tor, killed by the natives of Owhyhee. 1843. ISAAC HULL, a distinguished Amer- He was born 1728, of indigent parentage; ican commodore, died, aged 68. entered the royal navy in 1755; had the command of a vessel sent against Quebec 1759, after the capture of which he assistFEBRUARY 14. ed at the taking of Newfoundland. After making several voyages for scientific pur1543. The parliament of Paris caused poses, he sailed in 1776 on his grand enthe Institutiones Religionis Christiancs of terprise for the discovery of a northwest Calvin, to be publicly burned at Paris. passage, during which he methis fate. 1554. BRETT the commander of the 1779. Battle of Cherokee Ford, in which London train bands with 58 others, hanged Col. Pickens attacked and defeated a body for joining with sir Thos. Wyatt and his of tories, killed 39 of them and their leadKentish men, who tried to resist the Span- er, Col. Boyd, and took about 70 prisoners. ish influence. Of the last 5 only were executed. Pick1623. The floor of Black friars' church ens lost 9 killed. broke down while the people were at mass, 1780. WILLIAM BLACKSTONE died. He killing 100. was born in London, 1723, and was called 1668. Louis XIV took Dole, in Franche to the bac 1746. In 1765 he published Compte. the first volume of his Commentaries on the 1696. English assassination plot to favor laws of Eingland, a production by which the interests of James II, discovered by his name will descend to all posterity. Pendergrass. His private character is said to have been 1713. ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, earl of exceedingly mild and amiable, and he was Shaftsbury, and author of the Character- throughout life assiduously addicted to istics, died. He was grandson of the earl business. who figured so conspicuously in the reign 1780. A Russian manifesto announced of Charles II; and possessed a spirit of the coalition called the " armed neutralliberty which displayed itself in his politi- ity," formed. on the basis that free trade cal character throughout his life, and by makes free goods. which he uniformly directed his conduct 1781. The American army under Gen. on all occasions. Greene, which had continued to retreat 1713. WILLIAM HARRISON, an elegant since the battle of the Cowpens, crossed the English poet, died. Dan, leaving the whole of North Carolina 1737. CHARLES TALBOT, an eminent in the hands of the enemy. So close was English statesman and chancellor, died. the pursuit, that the van of the British 1756. Three hundred recruits sailed from reached the river, as the rear of the contiNew York for the army, under the com- nentals had crossed, after a march of 40 mand of Gov. Shirley, quartered at Alba- miles that day. ny; the river being free of ice. 1782. The island of Nevis surrendered 1760. ISAAC HAWKINS BROWNE died. to the French, under count de Grasse. One of the most popular productions of 1785. KIENLONG, emperor of China, made this ingenious poet, is his Pipe of Tobacco, a feast for the ancients of his kingdom. in imitation of Cibber, Ambrose, Philips, Those who had attained 100 years, receivThompson, Young, Pope and Swift, who ed 50 bushels of rice and 2 pieces of silk; were all living. those who had reached 90 years, received 1762. Martinique and the other Caribee 30 bushels rice and 2 pieces of inferior islands delivered up to the British under silk, and others in the same proportion, 68 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 14. down to 50 years. Presents, to a large FEBRUARY 15. amount, were also made to the poor throughout the empire. He likewise ex- Feast of Supercalia at Rome, in honor of empted all the people from taxes that year, the god Pan, the defender from wolves. which was the 50th of his reign. On the 1564. Birthday of GALILEO GALILEI, at occasion of the feast, 3000 aged men of Pisa, in Italy. quality sat down to it, and the emperor sat 1600. JOSEPH D'ACOSTA, the Spanish at the head of the table to do the honors. historian, died. He was born in Leon, 1793. BRASS CROSBY died. He rose from 1539, and became remarkably efficient in a humble attorney to be lord mayor of literature and science at an early age. In London. Being implicated in some diffi- 1571 he was despatched as a missionary to culties with the printers, in 1771, and South America, where he remained till stoutly avowing his partialities, he was 1588. During his residence at Peru he sent to the tower, notwithstanding the dig- wrote the Historia Natural y lMoral de las nity of his office; but his liberation was Indias, which has been translated into attended with great marks of respect and nearly all the European languages, and is attention from the citizens. valuable for its information on the early 1797. Action between the Spanish fleet of condition of the continent. 27 sail and 12 frigates, admiral Langara, 1632. DUDLEY CARLETON, on English off St. Vincent, and the British under Ad- statesman and political writer, died. miral Jervis, 15 ships and 6 frigates. Four 1664. JOHN TWYNNE was convicted of of the Spanish ships were captured, (two high treason and executed. His offence of 112 guns each) and the remainder com- was printing the matter called libelous pletely defeated. British loss, 300 killed written by Milton and others. and wounded; Spanish loss 603. 1682. CLAUDE DE LA COLOMBIERE, a fa1808. JOHN DICKINSON, an American po- mous Jesuit, died. He became very political writer, died. He practiced law in pular as a preacher before James II, of Philadelphia-until 1765; was deputed to England, and was the inventor of "The attend the first congress at New York, and Solemnity of the Heart of Jesus." prepared the draft of the bold resolutions 1694. BRADFORD paid for printing the of that congress. He opposed the Declara- first book in the city of New York. tion of Independence, believing that com- 1708. JOHN PHILLIPS, an elegant English promise was still practicable; but soon af- poet, died, aged 32. ter entered into it with ardor. His public 1730. THOMAS BRAY, an English divine, services were eminent. died. He made himself eminent by his 1814. Battle of Vauchamp, betweenthe unwearied attention to the practice of beFrench and Russians, in which the latter nevolence; many charitable societies and were defeated. At 8 in the evening Mar- good designs in London are formed on mont attacked and defeated the Russians at plans which he projected. Etoges, who lost 9 cannon and 1300 men 1732. FRANCIS ATTERBURY died. He was killed. the son of a parish rector, educated for the 1831. Insurrection at Paris in conse- minstry, and made himself conspicuous by quence of an attempt by the priests to cele- his eloquence as a preacher. His ambition brate a funeral mass for the duke de Berri. was gratified by preferments, honors and Several churches were destroyedor injured. emoluments, till, in the reign of Anne, 1831. GUERRERO, ex-president of Mex- 1713, he reached the seat of the bishop of ico, shot. Rochester, the acme of his greatness. On 1834. JOHN SHORE, Lord Teignmouth, the accession of George I, his prospects died, aged 82. He went to India in his began to wane; and being suspected of youth, in the service -of the East India some treasonable acts, he was condemned company and succeeded Lord Cornwalllis to perpetual exile. He settled in Paris, as governor, there. He returned to Eng- and died there. His literary fame rests on land 1798; and on the formation of the his sermons, and his correspondence with British and Foreign Bible society, he was Pope. chosen the first president, and held the 1763. Peace of Hubertsburg concluded office during life. at the electoral palace of that name, which 1843. Mr. JOHN MARTIN, aged 105, died concluded the seven years' war between at Augusta, Georgia. He came with a Austria, Prussia and Poland. company of salt buyers to Georgia, under 1765. CHARLES ANDREW VANLOO, a highthe direction of Oglethorpe. ly distinguished French painter, died. 1852. Dr. RAE, the arctic explorer, ar- 1766. JOHN HELLOT, a French philosorived at St. Pauls, Minnesota, having phical writer, and distinguished chemist, returnedfrom a search for Sir John Frank- died. lin, without discovering any trace of that 1781. GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM LESSING, one ill-fated adventurer. of the most distinguished German authors, Feb. 15.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 69 died. He contributed more than any other 1817. Cold iday throughout the United individual to the regeneration of German tates; thermometer 80 below zero in literature, and was remarkable for the ver- Philadelphia, and 200 at Salem, Mass. satility of his genius. Heavily laden teams crossed from Boston 1782. Battle off Fort St. George, East to Fort Independence. Indies, between the British under Admiral 1817. A wagon loaded with specie for Hughes, and the French under Admiral the bank of Pennsylvania, overturned Suffrein, near Pittsburgh, and Thomas Wilson was 1784. SciPIO BEXON died at Paris. He killed by a box of coin falling upon him. assisted Buffon in his natural history, and 1818. FREDERICK LoUIS, prince of Howas also an author in his own name. henlohe-Ingelfingen, a general in the Prus1788. GEORGE ANN BELLAMY. an,En- sian service, died. He acquired distincglish actress of the time of Garrick, died tion in the almost constant scene of war in at Edingburgh, aged 55. She drew the Europe, from 1793 to 1806, and contributed attention of the town for a number bf sea- greatly by his superior skill and valor to sons, particulary when she played Juliet several important victories. with Garrick at Drury-Lane, against Mrs. 1820. WILLIAM ELLERY, one of the Cibber and Barry at Covent Garden. She signers, expired in his chair while readpublished her own memoirs in 6 vols. ing Cicero, aged 92. He was born at New1794. JOHN FENN, a learned antiquary, port, R. I.; graduated at Harvard in his died. He greatly distinguished himself by 20th year; and practiced law at Newport his application to the study of natural his- until he was sent to the first congress. His tory and antiquities; and made a large house at Newport was burnt by the British. collection of curious original letters, writ- He had filled the office of collector of the ten during the fifteenth century, which customs since the term of Washington. were published in 4 vols. quarto. 1826. SCIPIONE BREISLAK, an Italian 1796. The British under Admiral El- geologist, died at Milan, universally rephinstone, captured Colombo in the East gretted, both for hip scientific merit and Indies, which is at present the seat of his personal qualities. His rich collection the British government in the island of of minerals passed into the hands of the Ceylon. Borromeo family. 1798. Rome declared a republic. 1832. The legislature of Maryland ap1801. Concordat between Bonaparte and propriated $200,000 for the removal of free Pius VII, for the reestablishment of religion blacks over the age of 18; and enacted in France, signed at Paris. penalties against the settlement of colored 1804. A squadron of the East India cor- persons in that state. pany ships under Capt. Dance, convoying 1835. NATHAN DANE died at Beverly, the China fleet, beat off in the China seas, Mass., aged 82. He was the framer of the the French ship Marengo, 80 guns, Ad- celebrated ordinance of congress of 1787, miral Linois, 2 heavy frigates, a corvette for the government of the territory of the of 28 guns, and a Dutch brig of 18 guns. United States northwest of the Ohio river, 1806. JOSEPH BONAPARTE entered Na- an admirable code of constitutional law, ples, upon the capitulation of the garrison, by which the principles of free government, and was soon after chosen king. to the exclusion of slavery, were extended 1808. The king of Prussia renounced all to an immense region, and its political and connection, political and commercial, with moral interests secured on a permanent Great Britain, in compliance with the basis. treaty of Tilsit. 1836. JOHN GILLIES, historiographer to 1710. Birthday of Louis XV, of France, the king for Scotland, died, aged 90; auunder whose reign the corruption of morals thor of a popular history of Greece, besides and principles spread to an alarming extent many other valuable works. among all classes, and were followed by a 1836. MARGARET BURGEOIS died, on general poverty, national humiliation, hnd Prince Edward Island, aged 110. ruined finances, which prepared the way 1836. FIESCHI and his accomplices, Pefor the explosion that took place under his pin and Moray, who attempted to take the unfortunate successor. life of the French king by the explosion of 1813. Battle of Pietra Nera, on the coast an infernal machine, executed at Paris. of Calabria, between the French and the 1840. HARRIETT CAMPBELL, a Scottish auSicilians. thor of distinguished talents, died at Mont1814. Battle of Montmirail in France, rieux in Switzerland, aged 34. between the French under Bonaparte and 1843. NATHANIEL CHIPMAN, some time the Russians under Blucher, in which the justice of the supreme court of Massachuformer gained. a small advantage after a setts and a senator of the United States, hard contest. died in the 91st year of his age. He was 1815. British sloop of war Barbados, a vigorous writer. 70 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 16. captured the United States letter of marque was intimate, and distinguished himself as brigantine Vidette, 3 guns, 30 men. a practitioner on his return to England. He introduced inoculation for small pox about the' year 1720; his preliminary exFEBRUARY 16. periments were made upon condemned criminals. He did not live to see the great 309. PAMPHILIUS, presbyter of Caesarea, improvement by vaccination, introduced died. He was of an eminent family, of by Jenner. great wealth and extensive learning, and 1760. The Cherokees under Ocunnasardently devoted to the scriptures. He tota attacked Fort Prince George in Vircollected a library of 30,000 volumes, solely ginia, garrisoned by the British and Ameri.for the promotion of religion. Traces of cans. The Indians were repulsed, and 20 this library still remain at Paris and else- hostages residing in the fort, and who atwhere. tempted to rise on the garrison, were put 1009. ABDURRAHMAN, hajib, or chamber- to death. lain, of Hisham, king of Cordova, behead- 1770. BRUCE, the traveler, entered Goned. He was entrusted with the civil and dar, the capital of Abyssinia, and was in military powers of government, but as- troduced into the palace of the emperor. piring to the throne itself, was destroyed 1784. PETER MACQUER, a physician and by the people. chemist of great reputation, died at Paris. 1279. ALONZO III Of Portugal, died. From 1791. Herkimer and Otsego counties, N. an exile in poverty he was raised to the Y., erected. throne by the pope, who had deposed his 1792. MULEY YEZID, emperor of Morocco, brother for attacking the immunities of the died of wounds received in battle on the church. 12th; when an end was put to a scene of 1497. Birthday of PHILIP MELANCTHON, slaughter which had continued since the at Britten, in the palatinate of the Rhine 6th, such as the city had seldom known. His proper name was Schwartzerd (black- It was computed that 20,000 of every age earth), but according to the custom of the and sex, were destroyed. learned of that time, he changed it into the 1794. Tioga county in New York erected. Greek term for the same word, melanc- 1795. The stadtholdership abolished in thon. Holland. The stadtholder, Prince William 1510. The Portuguese under Alphonso of Orange, was then in England. Albuquerque entered Goa in Hindostan. 1796. JOHN ROMILLY died at Paris. He 1532. RICHARD ROUSE, the bishop of was an ingenious mechanic and clockmaker Rochester's cook, poisoned the soup and at Geneva, and author of the articles on caused the death of several persons. An clockmaking in the Encyclopedie. act was immediately passed making poison- 1796. AMBOYNA, the Dutch metropolis ing treason, and the punishment boiling to of the Moluccas, taken by the British undeath. Rouse was boiled. der Admiral Rainer. 1560. JOHN DU BELLAY, bishop of Paris, 1798. STEPHEN CHARLES LOMENIE DE died. He was engaged as a negotiator be- BRIENNE, archbishop and minister of state tween Henry VIII and the pope, with of France under Louis XVI, died. He respect to the divorce of the former. early associated himself with the instiga1639. TEIXEIRA having ascended the tors of the revolution; but while he atAmazon and arrived at Quito, reembarked tempted to reduce the power and wealth on his return this day, in a fleet of 45 ca- of the monasteries, he was liberal in asnoes, with 70 soldiers, and 1200 native sisting those who were in need. Failing rowers. to keep pace with the ultra party, he was 1656. Spain declared war against Eng- thrown into prison, where he died of ill land. treatment. 1736. Owing to an unprecedented tide, 1802. TOUSSAINT L'OVERTURE and CHRISTthe council at Westminster hall, London, OPFE, black generals of St. Domingo, dewere carried out in boats to their coaches. clared rebels by the French general, Le 1741. GEORGE RAPHAEL DONNER, an Aus- Clerc. trian sculptor, died. His works, to be 1804. United States frigate Philadelphia seen in many Austrian churches and pal- burnt in the harbor of Tripoli. This splenaces, are masterpieces. did action was achieved in 15 minutes by 1749. Great riot at the Hay Market, Lon- 70 volunteers under Lieut. Stephen Decadon, occasioned by the failure of a conjurer tur, in the ketch Intrepid, with the loss of 1 to leap, as he promised, into a quart killed. Decatur was promoted, and a bottle. sword and thanks voted him. 1754. RICHARD MEAD died, aged 81. He 1807. Battles of Rossega and Ostrolenka, studied at the German universities at the between the French and Russians, in which same time as Boerhaave, with whom he the former were victorious in bothinstances Feb. 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 71 1810. St. Martins surrendered to the 1856. JOHN STODDARD, an English author, British.. died, aged 84. He for many years contribut1812. Battle of Cartama in Spain; the ed leading articles to The Times newspaper, French under Gen. Maransin defeated by and was some time chief-justice of Malta. the Spaniards, under Ballasteros. 1857. ELISHA K. KANE, the arctic explor1813. An elegant sword and thanks er, died at Havana, Cuba. voted to Decatur and Biddle, by the legislature of Pennsylvania, for their distinguished gallantry and skill. They were FEBRUARY 17. presented to those officers at New London, on board their respective ships. 364. FLAVIUS CLAUD JOVIANJS, the Roman 1826..L:NDLEY MURRAY, the grammarian, emperor, died at Dadastana, aged 33. He died in England, aged 81. He was born was elected by the army, on the death of in Pennsylvania, of quaker parentage, and Julian, and accepted the throne upon the studied law; but during the revolutionary assurance that the soldiers would embrace war he turned merchant, and before its Christianity. He was suffocated in his bed close acquired sufficient property to retire by the fumes of a fire which had been upon. He visited England for the benefit made to dry the chamber, after a reign of of his health, where he finally settled, about only eight months. a mile from the city of York, and employed 1461. Battle of St. Albans, 21 miles from his leisure in the production of those works London, between the Lancastrians headed of education, which acquired such popu- by the queen, Margaret, and the Yorkists larity as to have maintained their places under the earl of Warwick. The latter more than forty years. were defeated. 1826. The Liberia Herald appeared at 1564. MICHAEL ANGELO BUONAROTTI, the Monrovia, the first paper printed in Africa. painter and architect, died at Rome, aged It was edited by Charles L. Force, from 89. He was of an illustrious family; Boston, and like the early newspapers of studied painting and sculpture; and for a New England, was printed on one side great number of years was employed by only. the popes in'decorating the most superb 1829. FRANcIS JOSEPH GossEc, an emi- edifices of Rome. At the age of 60 he was nent music composer, died, aged 96. He induced to attempt the Last Judgment, was first attached to the cathedral at Ant- which is his master-piece. In architecture, werp; but in 1751 went to Paris, where he St. Peter's and the Capitol are monuments passed the remainder of his life, and ac- of his ability. As a sculptor and poet also quired a reputation seldom surpassed. he is entitled to no mean place in the 1839. JAMES BOADEN, an English dra- niche of fame. He was one of those famatic author and biographer, died, aged 70. vorites of nature, who combine in their 1843. Great land slide at Troy, N, Y.; single persons the excellence of many 18 persons killed. highly gifted men. 1852. Homoepathic college at Cleveland, 1571. An earthquake in Herefordshire, Ohio,,mobbed, and the windows and in- England, removed a hill containing 26 terior of the building destroyed, in conse- acres to a considerable distance, overturnquence of the discovery of the remains of ling every thing before it and continuing in subjects which had been taken from the motion several days. burial ground there. 1600. GIORDANO BRUNO, an Italian philo1852. State lunatic asylum at Lexing- sopher, burnt at Rome. He entered the ton. Ky., destroyed by fire, in which one order of the Dominicans, but his satires of the inmates perished. upon the lives of the monks drew upon 1853. GEORGE MANNERS died, aged 75; him their persecutions, and he fled to the many years British consul at Boston, and Calvinists. These in turn were excited author of several dramas of merit, and against him by his paradoxes. After visitother poetical works. ing Paris, London and Wurtemberg, he 1853. WILLIAM GIBBS Mc NEIL died, aged returned again to Italy, and fell into the 51; a military officer, who, during the Dorr hands of the inquisition, by whom he was excitement in Rhode Island, commanded condemned to be burnt, and suffered death, the state troops, acting throughout with which he might have averted by a recantagreat prudence and judgment. tion, with the greatest fortitude. His philo1853. The steamer Independence from sophical writings, which have become very San Juan del Sud to San Francisco, wrecked rare, display a classical cultivation of mind, on Margaretta island, and also took fire, by a deep insight into the spirit of ancient which 140 lives were lost. philosophy, wit and satire, as well as a 1854. The boiler of the Kate Kearney profound knowledge of mathematics and bursted at Louisville, Ky.,' killing and natural philosophy. With all his talent wounding a great number of people. and erudition he was a pantheist. 72 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 17. 1621. The Plymouth colonists met for poet, died; distinguished for his translathe purpose of settling military affairs, and tions and imitations of Gaelic poems, the chose Miles Standish their captain. principal of which is Fingal. if! 1673. JEAN BAPTISTE POQUELIN DE Mo- 1797. The Spanish Admiral APODACA LIERE died. At Narbonne, where the compelled to burn several large battle ships French theatre at that time began to flour- in the gulf of Paria, to prevent their fallish, through the talents of the great Cor- ing into the hands of the British fleet unneille, he imbibed a strong passion for the der Harvey. stage. He became a distinguished comedian 1804. Gen. MOREAU arrested at Paris, on and dramatic writer, and died within four an accusation of being concerned in the hours after personating a character in his conspiracy of Pichegru and Georges. play of the Hypochondriac. 1805. Action between the British frigate 1680. DENZIL, Lord Hollis, an eminent Cleopatra, 32 guns, and the French frigate English patriot, died. He nobly maintain- Ville de Milan, pierced for 52 but mounted and defended the rights and privileges ing 26 guns. The Cleopatra was captured, of the house of commons, of which he with the loss of 20 killed and 38 wounded. was a member, against the arbitrary mea- 1810. Amboyna, the capital of the Mosures of Charles I and his favorites. He luccas, surrendered to the British, together was also a political writer. with 49'merchant vessels in the harbor. 1710. GEORGE BULL, an eminent English It was not the first time it had fallen into writer and preacher, died. the hands of the British. 1720. JOHN HUGHES, an English poet and 1810. Rome annexed to France; the city dramatist, died. He was a contributor to to rank as the second in the French emthe Tatler, Spectator and Guardian. His pire. last production, the Siege of Damascus, was 1814. Battle of Nangis, between Napoleon performed with splendid success on the and the Russians under Count Witgenstein; very night the author died suddenly. He same day, the Russians under Pahlen atwas eulogized by Pope. tacked the French at Marmont under 1735. NICOLO FORTIGUERRA died, an Georges. Italian prelate, and one of their best poets 1814. The castle of Jaca in Arragon of the early part of the last century. capitulated to the Spanish chief Francisco 1739. GEORGE WHITFIELD, the celebrated Espon y Mina, who took 84 brass canMethodist, preached from a field pulpit to non. coalliers in Kingswood, near Bristol. 1818. HENRY OBOOKIAH, a Sandwich is1758. JOHN WATKINS died at Bristol, lander, died at Cornwall, Ct., aged 26. He England, aged 78. IHe was heir to a con- was a member of the foreign mission school siderable estate, which being denied pos- and has been made the subject of a mesession of, he made a vow never to shave moir. till he enjoyed it; and kept his promise to 1827. JOHN HENRY PESTALOZZI, one of the day of his death. He went by the the most distinguished men of modern name of Black John; after his death there times for his efforts in the cause of educawas found upwards of 200 weight of half tion, died at Brugg. He was born at Zurich, pence and silver, besides a quantity of in Switzerland; and devoted his life and gold, which he had amassed as a public property to the education of poor children. beggar. His system is not the best in use. 1759. THOMAS SIDDAL, a gardener at 1828. HENRY GOTTLOB TSCIIIRNER died, Chester, England, dug up a potatoe weigh- aged 50; an eminent German theologian. ing 17lbs. 4 oz., measuring 38 inches in 1835. Five volcanoes burst forth simulcircumference, and 47{ in length. taneously in Central-America, attended ~1772. Convention between Frederick II with tremendous earthquakes, which sunk of Prussia and Catharine II of Russia sigh- three large towns, besides many villages. ed, for the partition of Poland. This was The air was so obscure with smoke, that afterwards acceded to by Austria, and rati- the inhabitants were obliged to grope their fled by the Polish diet. way with torches for eight days. The lava 1773. An appearance similar to the au- in some places ran the distance of 60 rora borealis first witnessed in the southern leagues, destroying every thing in its hemisphere, by Mr. Forster, who accom- course. In Alancho they thought the day panied Capt. Cook. of judgment had come, and more than 300 1782. Action between the British fleet, marriages took place among people who Admiral Hughes, and the French fleet, M. had previously lived in a state of conde Suffrein, in which the British suffered cubinage. severely. 1836. CORNPLANTER, (Garyan-wah-gah,) 1794. Fornelli in Corsica attacked and a celebrated Indian chief, died at the carried by the British under Lord Hood. Seneca ReserVation, aged about 100. At an 1796. JAMES MACPHERSON, the Scottish early period of the revolutionary war he Feb. 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 73 took an active part on the side of the miner, and Martin, to support himself at Americans, and ever after manifested great school, sung songs at the doors of the citfriendship for the whites. He and his as- izens. Yet this humble individual was sociate Red-Jacket, were for many years destined to shake the papal throne to its the counsellors and protectors of the in- foundations. His translation of the Biterests of their nation. ble, completed in 1534, was a labor of 13 1839. WILLIAM ADAM, a Scottish states- years, amidst dangers'and difficulties of man, died. As member of parliament he every kind. opposed conciliatory measures with the 1639. THOMAS CAREW died; one of the refractory American colonies. wits of the court of Charles II. In the 1840. JOSEPH CHITTY, a very eminent midst of a life of affluence and gaiety he special pleader and author of many labor- found time to cultivate his taste for polite ious and learned works in the profession literature; and finally became a repentant of the law, died in London, aged 65. devotee. He has been coupled with Wal1843. In British India 2,800 British ler as an improver of English versification, troops defeated 22,000 Beloochees. and was esteemed by Jonson and Davenant. 1852. WILLIAM THOMPSON, a distinguished 1645. RICHARD BAKER, an English histonaturalist, died, aged 46. He published rian, died. Having become security for the Birds of Ireland, and had undertaken the debts of some of his wife's relatives, to write the natural history of that country. he was thereby reduced to poverty, and 1852. Eruption of Mount Loa, Sand- thrown into the Fleet prison. During this wich islands, which continued a long time imprisonment, and as a means of subsistundiminished. ence, he wrote his Chronicle of the Kings 1855. The Russians under Osten Sacken of England, and various other works, attacked Eupatoria, defended by the Turks mostly devotional. He died in prison, under Omar Pasha, and were repulsed where he had spent the last twenty years with loss. of his life, at the age of 77. 1856. JOHN BRAHAM, a celebrated Eng- 1652. GREGoRIO ALLEGRI, an eminent lish vocalist, died, aged 82. He was the musical composer, died at Rome. His son of a German Jew, and his proper name, compositions, the chief of which is the was Abraham. He made his first appearance Miserere, are still performed in the pontifiat Covent garden in 1787. cal chapel. 1653. Naval action off Portland, England, between the British under Blake, FEBRUARY 18. Dean and Monk, and the Dutch under Van Tromp and De Ruyter. The latter was 3102, B. C. According to the tables of defeated, with the loss of 2000 killed, Trivalore, the great Hindostan epoch, Cal- 1500 prisoners, and 11 ships of war, belyhougham, began at sunrise this day; that sides a number of other vessels, principalis, A. M. 902, and before the death of ly merchantmen. Adam 1 1654. JOHN LEWIS GUEZ DE BALZAC, 1478. GEORGE, duke of Clarence, execut- historiographer of France, died. He ac. ed by drowning in a butt of Malmsey quired great celebrity by his publications. wine. He was the brother of Edward IV, 1662. An unprecedented storm in severagainst whom he had been induced to ity passed over England, chiefly felt at take up arms. He had the privilege of London. choosing the mode of his death. 1672. JOHN LABADIE died at Altona; a 1519. CORTES sailed from cape St. An- celebrated French enthusiast. tonio where he had stopped to complete 1694. Several ships of war, &c., lost in. his preparations. When all were brought a storm east of Gibraltar. The Sussex on together the vessels were found to be 11 board of which was Sir Francis Wheeler, in number; one of them of 100 tons bur- the admiral, foundered with the whole of den, and three others from 70 to 80 tons; her crew. the remainder were caravels and open brig- 1695. WILLIAM PHIPPS died at London, antines. His forces now amounted to 110 aged 45. He was born at Pemaquid, mariners, 553 soldiers, including 32 cross- Maine; was apprenticed to a ship carpenbowmen, and 13 arquebusiers, besides 200 ter, and afterwards went to sea. Hearing Indians of the island, and a few Indian of a Spanish wreck near Bahama, he gave women for menial offices. He was provid- such an acccount of it in England that he ed with 10 heavy guns, 4 lighter pieces, was fitted out in 1683 to search for it, but called falconets, and a good supply of am- was unsuccessful. The duke of Albemunition. He had besides 16 horses. marle fitted him out a second time, and he ]546. MARTIN LUTHER, the reformer, returned with a treasure of ~300,000, of died at Wittemberg. He was born at Eis- which his share was 16,000. He was subleben in Saxony, 1483. His father was a sequently sent over as governor of Massa. 10 74 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 18. chusetts, but his administration was short of great integrity and patriotism; and on and unpopular. retiring from office, carried with him the 1702. THOMAS HYDE, an eminent English gratitude of his country. divine and orientalist, died. He published 1791. Vermont admitted into the Union. a work on the religion of the ancient Per- (see March 4). sians, which threw many new lights on 1793. Action between British ship Juno, the most curious and interesting subjects. Capt. Hood, and the French privateer 1709. Sir EDWARD SEYMOUR died; He schooner, L'Entreprenant, Capt. Vaniere. had been a member of every parliament The latter was taken, together with a since 1661. prize which she had captured. Vaniere 1710. PHILIP VERHEYEN, a medical au- shot himself. thor, died at Louvain, in Belgium, where 1795. British squadron under Warren he was professor of anatomy. captured near the isle of Aix, 8 French 1712. Louis, duke of Burgundy, died,'vessels, and destroyed 10 brigs and a lugaged 30. He was educated under Fenelon, ger, laden with provisions and clothing for and as heir to the throne and counsellor the French fleet and army. of state, France expected to enjoy a long 1797. Trinidad, another of the West rest from her troubles, under this admin- India isles, surrendered to the English istration. He died suddenly of a disease under Sir R. Abercromby. which had taken away his wife and eldest 1800. Action off Malta, between the son only a few days before. British squadron under Nelson, and Le 1719. GEORGE HENRY GOERTZ, a Swed- Genereux, a French 74, and a frigate which ish statesman, beheaded. He joined resulted in the capture of the two latter. Charles XII on his return from Turkey, 1800. Louis LE FROTTE, the Vendean and was placed at the head of affairs. chief, with 7 of his officers, shot by order The desperate state of Sweden gave full of the French convention. They all reemployment to his extraordinary talents; fused to have their eyes covered. but on the fall of the king he was sacri- 1808. Austrian declaration of non-interficed to the hatred of the nobility and con- course with England. demned without a trial. 1811. French port of Tametivi, in Mad1724. GEORGE WHEELER, an English agascar, surrendered to a British force. traveler and antiquary died. He visited 1812. The prince regent of England, afGreece and Asia, for the purpose of copy- terwards George IV, invested with full leing inscriptions and to describe antiqui- gal powers. ties, in company with Dr. Spon, an ac- 1814. Battle of Montereau, in France; count of which was published in 6 vols. Chateau, who commanded the French, was folio. The work is highly valued for its repulsed and mortally wounded; but Gen. authenticy and antiquities. Gerard, the second in command, sustained 1730. CHARLES BECKINGHA]M, an English the combat until 2 P. M., when being reindramatic writer, died. His pieces were forced by Bonaparte, the Russians were in received with much applause. turn discomfited. 1750. GEORGE BERNARD BILFINGER, pro- 1815. The king of Candy, in Ceylon, fessor of philosophy at Petersburg. and af- surrendered to the British under Gen. terwards at Tubingen, died at Stutgard. Brownrigg. He was eminent as an author. 1815. Treaty of peace between the Unit1758. JOSEPH ISAAc BERRUYER, aFrench ed States and Great Britain ratified by Jesuit, died; author of some theological President Madison. works. 1834. WILLIAM WIRT died, aged 62. 1772. JOHN HARTWIG ERNST, count He early became acquainted with Jefferson, Bernstorff, died at Hamburg. He settled Madison and Monroe, and filled several in Denmark, where he became prime min- important offices under them with distinister, and in this office devoted the whole guished reputation. As a public and proenergies of his powerful mind to the im- fessional man, he was ranked among the provement of his adopted country. He first of his time. set the example of manumitting the pea. 1843. The Ameers of the punjaf in Insantry, who were in a state of bondage and dia wholly defeated by theBritish troops gave the fourth part of his income to the under Sir Charles Napier. poor. He is represented as a model of in- 1851. VICTOR FALCK, a distinguished telligence, wisdom and benevolence. French ornithologist, died at Stockholm. 1777. Col. NIELSON Of New Jersey, with 1852. CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON died, aged a party of American militia, defeated the 73; known by his J.nnals of the English British Major Stockton, killed 4 and took Bible. him and 59 of his men prisoners. 1853. An attempt made to assassinate 1778, JOSEPH MARIE TERRAY, minister the emperor of Austria by a Hungarian of st.te of France, died. He was a man named Lebenyi, who was executed. Feb. 18.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 75 1856. HEINRICH HEINE, the celebrated nonconformist divine, who emigrated to German poet, died at Paris. America; a learned and venerated man. 1697. FRANCIS BERNARD, an English FEBRUARY 19. physician, died; eminent for his learning, and his valuable collection of books. 198. DECIUS CLAUDIUS ALBINUS, a Roman 1717. PETER ANTHONY MOTTEUX, died in who assumed the imperial purple in oppo- London on his birthday (supposed to have sition to Severus, was slain in battle on been murdered). He was a French refuthe river Rhone. gee, settled in England, where he became 1401. WILLIAM SAUTRE, an English cler- an eminent dramatic writer, and translated gyman, was burned for heresy, by the Don Quixotte. clergy, with the permission of Henry IV. 1734. Battle of Gaustalla between the This is said to have been the first execu- French and the imperialists under count tion in England on account of religion. Konigsegg; the latter of whom were de(Timperley says March 10.) feated with the loss of 5,000 men including 1549. A bill passed the English parlia- the prince of Wirtemberg. ment allowing clergymen to marry, on the 1743. La Guaira, in South Ameriaa, atground that it was a less evil than compul- tacked by the British under Knowles. He sory chastity. captured one ship, and blew up a maga1553. ERASMUS REINHOLD died; an emi- zine but did not succeed in his principal nent German astronomer and mathemati- object, which was the total destruction of cian, and professor at Wittemberg. the shipping. Spanish loss 700. 1567. MILES COVERDALE, bishop of Exe- 1767. FRANCIS BOISSIER DE SAUVAGES, a ter, buried. He was ejected from his see French physician and botanist, died. His by queen Mary, and thrown into prison, reputation was so great that he was called from which he was liberated by Elizabeth. the Boerhaave of Languedoc. He assisted Tindal in the English version of 1778. Capt. JAMES WILLING took possesthe Bible, 1537. sion of Natches in the name of the U. S. 1592. EDWARD COKE chosen speaker of 1788. THOMAS CUSHING, of Massachusetts parliament. died. He was early engaged in polical life, 1597. THOMAS BENTHAM, an English and in 1763 appointed speaker of the counbishop, died; celebrated for his know- cil where, by his moderate and conciliatory ledge of the Chaldee and Hebrew tongues. conduct he was enabled to effect a great 1619. LUCILIO VANINI, a learned Italian, deal of good as a mediator between the burnt. He early devoted himself with contending parties. On the breaking out of ardor to letters, studying philosophy, law, disturbances he was sent to the first contheology and astrology, at Rome and gress, and continued to fill some office till Padua. He traveled throughout every his death, when he was lieutenant governor. country of Europe, occupying himself with 1790. Marquis DE FAVRAS executed. instruction; but wherever he appeared, His judges were intimidated by the mob he became obnoxious to suspicion on ac- shouting during the trial, a la lanterne. count of his religious views. In 1617 he 1792. MATTHEW TAIT died at Auchinwent to Toulouse, where he was accused leck, aged 123. of atheism and sorcery, and condemned to 1793. Lieuts. GIBBS and MOUNTESY with the flames. He was drawn to the place of 21 men of the Lowestoffe frigate seized the execution, when after his tongue was torn tower of Martelli in Corsica, and hoisted the out, he was strangled, and burnt at the age British flag for the first time in that island. of 34. His punishment appears to have 1794. French frigate La Fortunee burnt been entirely undeserved, and has given to prevent her falling into the hands of him more celebrity than his writings. Lord Hood. 1622. HENRY SAVILE died, a learned 1797. JAMES DODSLEY the renowned and English divine, historian and critic; Greek rich London bookseller died. He sold tutor to Queen Elizabeth. 18,000 copies of Burke's Reflections on the 1638. Insurrection of the Edinburgh French Revolution. presbyterians, who threw off their allegi- 1798. The Irish rebellion, as the disconance, and entered into a covenant or asso- tents were called, commenced. ciation against the government, which they 1799. JEAN CHARLES BORDA, a French compelled all people to subscribe; several mathematician, died. He made many imScotch bishops were forced to fly to England. provements in hydraulics, and his experi1644. The Scots, consisting of 18,000 ments for the advancement of science were foot, 2,000 horse, and above 500 dragoons, numerous and successful. passed the Tweed at Berwick in behalf of 1801. Action off Gibraltar between the the parliament. British frigate Phebe 36 guns, and the 1671. CHARLES CHAUNCEY, president of French frigate L'Africaine, 44 guns and Harvard college, died, aged 80. He was a 715 men. The Frenchman lost 200 men 76 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 19. killed and 143 wounded, and was captur- FEBRUARY 20. ed. British loss 1 killed and 12 wounded. 1802. NICHOLAS JOSEPH SELIS, a distin- 1413. THOMAS ARUNDEL, archbishop of guished French poet, died. Canterbury, died. He was consecrated 1806. ELIZABETH CARTER, an English bishop of Ely at the age of 21, and became poetess, died, aged 89. She acquired nine infamous by the severity of his conduct foreign languages; but the reputation of towards the reformers. this learned lady was established by a 1437. JAMES I, of Scotland, murdered, complete translation from the Greek of the at the age of 44. He fell a martyr to his works of Epictetus, with notes. attempts to abolish the anarchy and disor1807. Admiral DUCKWORTH, with 8 ships der which prevailed -throughout his kingof the line and 4 frigates, together with dom. He was the first of the Stuarts, and fire ships and gun boats, effected the dar- stands on the catalogue of royal authors. ing pass of the Dardanelles, without loss, (Is also dated 21st.) and appeared before Constantinople, which 1494. MATTEO MARIE BOIARDO, count of until then had never seen an enemy's Scandiano, died. In his Orlando Innamofleet. The Turks fired stone shot from rato he immortalized his own peasants and their batteries upon the fleet, some of them the charms of the scenery at Scandiano in weighing upwards of 800 pounds. The the persons of his heroes and the beauties Turkish squadron, consisting of a 64 gun of nature. ship, 4 frigates, 3 corvettes, a brig and 2 1571. LEWIS CASTELVETRO, an Italian gun boats, were burnt. critic, died. He was famous for his parts, 1811. Duke of Albuquerque, ambassa- but more famous for spleen and ill nature. dor to England from the regency of Spain, He distinguished himself chiefly by his died at London. Commentary upon /ristotle's Poetics, where, 1816. WM. REESE died in Dublin dis- Rapin assures us, he always made it a rule trict, Md., aged 108. to find something to except against in the 1816. A bridge of wire, 400 feet in text. length, for foot passengers having been 1579. NIcHoLAs BACON, an English statesconstructed over the Schuylkill, was pass- man, died. He was appointed lord keeper ed for the first time. of the great seal on the accession of Eliza1821. Florida ceded to the United States beth, and was an able and judicious counby Spain. sellor of that queen during 20 years. 1837. THoMAs BURGESS, bishop of Salis- 1579. DRAKE, after many profitable capbury, died. He was the son of a grocer, tures in the Pacific, arrived at Lima, where and rose by his own merits. He was a he plundered all the ships in the harbor, man of extensive learning, and a volumi- in one of which was found a chest full of nous author; was instrumental in found- reals of silver, and a good store of silks ing the royal society of literature; and St. and linen cloth. David's college founded by him for the 1648. THOMAs DAMME buried at Mineducation of Welsh ministers, is an endu- shull, England, " being of the age of seven ring monument of his benevolence. To score and fourteen" (154 years). this institution he bequeathed the whole 1725. A party of 40 New Hampshire of his extensive library. volunteers on an excursion for hunting 1843. MICHAEL J. QUINN, well known Indians, discovered a party of ten encampto general readers as the author of a Visit ed foi the night round a fire. Advancing to Spain, &c., died at Boulogne-sur-mer, cautiously at midnight, the enemy were France. found asleep and the whole shot. They 1844. GILBERT, a servant of Washington were marching from Canada well furnished at the great battle of the Monongahela, with new guns and ammunition, and a died at Stanton, Va., aged 112. He was number of spare blankets, moccasins and also with the general at the surrender of snow shoes, for the accommodation of the Cornwallis, and was accustomed on holi- prisoners they expected to take, and were days to appear in regimentals during his within two miles of the frontiers. The life, to the great edification of the boys. party entered Dover in triumph, with the 1852. WILLIAM WARE, an eminent uni- ten scalps stretched on hoops and elevated tarian scholar and divine, died at Cam- on poles; and received a bounty of ~100 bridge, Mass., aged 54. for each scalp, at Boston, out of the public 1856. The ship John Rutledge from treasury. Liverpool to New York encountered an 1736. A bill was introduced into the iceberg and sunk. Of five boats which British parliament, placing a duty of 20 left the ship, only one was picked up, shillings a gallon on spirituous liquors, with but one living man on board, the sur- and ~50 license for selling them, in order visor of thirteen who had died one by one to prevent their excessive use; but was of cold and starvation. defeated so far as to tolerate punch at a Feb. 20.) EVERY DAY BOOK. 77 low rate, the merchants of Bristol and enabled him to describe with great accuLiverpool fearing the lessening of con- racy and pleasantry. sumption on rum and other things distilled 1803. British evacuated Egypt. from molasses. 1808. GERARD LAKE died. He was made 1737. ELIZABETH ROWE died; an English a peer of Great Britain for his successes as lady distinguished for her piety and lite- a generalin India. rarv talents. 1809. RICHARD GOUGH, a learned and i745. British ship Chester, Capt. Geary, eminent English antiquary, died. captured the French ship Elephant with 1809. Saragossa surrendered to the $24,000 on board. French. The garrison was reduced to 1749. USHER GAHAGAN, executed at 12,000 men, who, when they marched out Tyburn. He was a gentleman by birth, of the city, had more the appearance of and a scholar; he edited a beautiful edi- spectres than of human beings. During tion of the classics, and translated Pope's this second siege 54,000 perished, of Messiah and Temple of Fame into Latin whom one fourth were soldiers. verse. His crime was that of clipping 1810. ANDREW HOFER, the leader of the coin! Tyrolese insurrection, executed. He was 1762. TOBIAS MAYER, a distinguished a brave patriot, and met his fate with mathematician, died at Gottingen. His heroic firmness. lunar and solar tables, as well as his origi- 1811. Battle of San Christoval in Spain, nal suggestions on the repeating circle are in which general Mendizabal was defeated of much value. with the loss of about 12,000 killed and 1771. JOHN JAMES DE MAIRAN, a French prisoners, by the French under Soult, philosopher, died. He succeeded Fonte- whose loss was stated at 400 only. nelle as secretary to the academy of scien- 1811. FRANCIS II, of Germany, issued an ces, and is the author of a Treatise on Phos- edict, fixing the current value of bank phoric Light, &c. paper at one fifth of its nominal value. 1772. The royal marriage act of Eng- 1817. SAMUEL MEREDITH died at his seat land was passed. This was another of in Wayne county, Pa.; first treasurer of the those attempts to perpetuate regal domina- United States under the federal constitution. tion, which office he resigned in 1801. 1778. LAURA BAssI died; she was honor- 1820. ARTHUR YOUNG died; a distined with the degree of doctor of philosophy, guished English author on agriculture. for the great mental acquirements display- 1822. JOHN STEWART, commonly called ed in her lectures on that subject, and was walking John, died in London; to gratify distinguished as possessing every amiable the " amor videndi," he had perambuvirtue. lated much of the globe. 1780. British under General Clinton in- 1835. A tremendous earthquake in Chili. vaded South Carolina. The city of Conception, containing 25,000 1781. ROBERT MORRIS appointed by con- inhabitants, was reduced to a heap of ruins, gress superintendent of finance. not a single house left standing; many 1790. JOSEPH II, emperor of Germany, other towns and villages were demolished. died. He was an able and benevolent At first the sea retired and left the vessels monarch, who devoted his attention closely in the harbor aground; but it soon rushed to the affairs of the kingdom, and intro- violently back 30 feet above its level. duced many useful institutions. 1836. MARY CRAWFORD, died at Castine, 1790. At Blackwall, England, while ex- Me., aged 100 years and six months; widcavations were being made for a wet dock ow of Dr. Winm. Crawford, chaplain and several hazel trees, with nuts, were found surgeon at Fort Point during the revoludeeply imbedded below several strata of tion. sand and clay. 1841. JAMES G. BROOKS died; known in 1797. Treaty of Tolentino between Bo- early life as an American poet, andlater as naparte and the pope. an editor of several newspapers. 1799. El Arish, and subsequently Ga- 1843. PETER AUGUSTUS JAY, well known za, with most towns in western Palestine, in the state of New York as a statesman were taken by the French, and historian, died. 1799. LEOPOLD II, died; grand duke of 1846. The first legislature of Texas under Tuscany 25 years, and elected emperor of the U. S. met at Austin. Gen. Henderson Germany, 1790. He evinced great abili- was elected the first govenor. ties. 1849. NEWTON M. CURTISS, author of a 1802. JOAN MOORE, a distinguished Scot- number of popular novels, died at Charltish physician, and popular author, died. ton, N. Y., aged 34. He wrote on the society and manners of 1854. ELLIOTT CRESSON, president of the different countries in Europe, which his Pennsylvania colonization society, died, accute discernment and lively imagination leaving $127,000 to charitable institutions. 78 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 20. 1854. The most violent snow storm that learned French physician, died at Lyons. had occcured since 1831, commenced at He wrote Latin verse with ease and eleWashington, and extended over the Mid- gance, and corresponded with most of the dle and New England states. learned men of Europe. 1855. JOSEPH HUME, the English states- 1717. PETER ALIX, a French protestant man died, aged 78. He was a member of of eminent piety and learning, died. He the house of commons 37 years. resided in England, where he was greatly esteemed and honored. 1730. BENEDICT XIII, pope of Rome, FEBRUARY 21. died. He was a Dominican of Venice, and before his elevation bishop of Bene1340. The king of England assumed the yento, where his palace was destroyed by title of the king of France, quartering his an earthquake, and he narrowly escaped. arms with the motto,'"Dieu et mon He filled the pontifical office six years, and Droit." sustained an excellent character. 1513. GIULIANO DELLA ROVERA, (pope 1746. Le Bourbon and La Charite, Julius II,) died. He was originally a fish- French ships, captured by Com. Knowles erman. He built St. Peter's at Rome, to in a heavy gale. The military chest beprocure means for which he ordered the longing to the French vessels contained sale of indulgencies, which was one of ~5,000. the immediate causes of the reformation; 1759. Action between the British frigate so that it may be said without paradox, Vestal, Capt. Hood, and the French frigthat St. Peter's is the great monument of ate Bellona, which resulted in the capture protestantism. He is considered one of of the latter, with the loss of 42 killed. the most immoral of the popes, though a British loss 2 killed and 22 wounded. generous patron of the polite arts. 1760. The neighborhood of Mt. Vesu1595. ROBERT SOUTHWELL, called some- vius overflowed by burning lava. times the English jesuit, died. He was es- 1760. Commodore THOUROT arrived in teemed no inferior poet in his day. the bay of Carrickfergus with a 43 gun 1633. Order of the privy council to ship and two sloops of war, and having stay several ships in the Thames, ready to landed 800 men, attacked the town, which, sail for New England with passengers and with the castle, he carried after a smart provisions. The jealousy of the govern- action. The French embarked a few days ment was early directed towards the infant after, and meeting with a British squadron, colony of Massachusetts. It was observed an action ensued in which Thourot and by one of the kings, that the wheat of the 300 of his men were killed. population was sifting across the Atlantic. 1792. JACOB SCHNEBBELIE died at LonThese orders were ineffectual, for great don. From the profession of a Swiss connumbers continued to emigrate, and scarce fectioner, he rose to be one of the best a vessel arrived in the colony that was not draughtsmen in England, but too intense crowded with passengers. application to his studies hastened his 1660. The secluded members of the death. long parliament again took their seats and 1796. Field Marshal CLAIRFAIT, the Ausvoted Monk to be general of the English, trian general, resigned, and was succeeded Scotch and Irish forces. by the Archduke Charles, for whom a new 1668. JOHN THURLOE, secretary of state rank was created, that of field-marshalto the two Cromwells, died. He was a general, being the highest military rank in man of very amiable character, and exer- the empire. cised all possible moderation towards per- 1799. GILBERT WAKEFIELD was fined sons of every party. ~100 and condemned to two years confine1676. Two or three hundred Indians ment, for his pamphlet against the bishop principally Narragansetts, surprised the of Landaff. town of Medfield, Mass., killed 18 men, 1805. Dominica attacked by a French women and children, and burnt half of squadron, which was repulsed by the the town. British under Gen. Provost. 1682. The following appears in the min- 1810. Action between the British ship utes of the governor and council of Vir- Horatio, and French frigate Necessity, ginia: "John Buckner called before the 21 guns, which last was captured in one Ld. Culpepper and his counsel for print- hour. ing the laws of 1680, without his excellen- 1812. Action between the British ship cy's license, and he and the printer order- Victorious, Capt. Talbot, and the Venitian ed to enter into bond in ~100 not to print ship Rivoli, 74 guns. The latter was capanything hereafter until his majesty's tured, after an engagement of 5 hours, pleasure shall be known." with the loss of 400 killed and wounded; 1684. CHARLES SPoN, an ingenious and British loss 42 k. 99 w. Feb. 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 79 1813. Ogdensburgh, N. Y., taken by the giving in Massachusetts. The day had British. been appointed for a general fast. No 1814. The British, about 2000 in num- ship had arrived in a great length of time, her, under Col. Scott, crossed over to the and their stock of provisions was nearly French mills, burnt the arsenal at Malone, exhausted. At this critical moment a vesN. Y., pillaged the town and carried off sel arrived from England laden with prosome provisions. The enemy retreated in visions; and they immediately changed great haste, and lost 200 men by desertion. the day of public fasting into one of pubGen. Wilkinson endeavored to come up lic feasting. And it is quite probable that with him, but was prevented by the the day was observed with something more weather. than an outward show of thanksgiving on 1818. DAVID HUMPHREYS, an officer of that occasion. the revolution, died. He was a native of 1644. CHARLES I, having summoned a Connecticut, and successively aid to gen- royal parliament, they met this day at Oxerals Putnam, Greene and Washington. ford to the number of 44 lords and 118 He is also known as a poet of very fair pre- commoners; the session was opened with tensions. a speech from the king. 1824. EUGENE DE BEAUHARNAIS, duke of 1674. JEAN CHAPELAIN, died. He atLeuchtenberg, died. He was the son of tracted the notice of Cardinal Richelieu Josephine Tacher de la Pagerie, afterwards by a preface which he wrote for the.ldowife of Napcleon. He distinguished him- nis of Marini. Chapelain was talented self in the army, and was made viceroy of and learned, obsequious and discreet, and Italy, the government of which he man- these made his fortune, for he could be of aged with great prudence. With the fall service to the- cardinal, who had the weakof Napoleon he lost his titles and offices, ness to set up for a bel esprit. He became but was in a measure idemnified by the ar- one of the first members of the d.cademie tides of Fontainbleau,the congress of Vien- Francaise, received a large pension, and bena, and the duke of Bavaria. Under a came the oracle of the poets of the time, simple exterior prince Eugene concealed a and was universally esteemed. It would noble character and great talents. have been better if he himself had not set 1831. ROBERT HALL died at Bristol, up for a poet. In 1630 he commenced an England; a very eminent man and a cele- epic, La Pucelle. It was announced twenbrated preacher. ty years before its appearance, and the 1838. ANTHONY ISAAC SYLVESTRE DE public expectation was greatly disappointSAcY died, aged 80; renowned principally ed; it soon became an object of ridicule. for his extensive critical knowledge, par- 1717. Great snow in New England; 6 ticularly in oriental languages and litera- feet deep in Boston. It commenced on ture; esteemed, in this department of the 20th, on which day Dr. Brattle was learning, the first scholar of his age. buried, and many who attended his fune1839. CHARLES RossI, a celebrated sculp- ral were unable to get home for several tor, died at London, aged 77. days. 1840. WILLIAM FREND, died in London, 1731. FREDERICK RUYSCH, an eminent aged 84; a writer on algebra, taxation and Dutch anatomist, died. various other subjects. 1732. Birthday of GEORGE WASHING1845. SYDNEY SMITH, canon of St. Paul's TON. He was the third son of Augustus in London, and well known to Pennsylva- Washington, and was born at Bridges nia repudiators, died in London. Creek, Va. 1855. CHARLES ROGER DOD, assistant ed- 1744. Partial action off Toulon between itor of The Times newspaper, died aged 62. the combined French and Spanish fleets 1856. The students of South Carolina under M. De Court, and the British fleet college, armed with rifles, surrrenderedto under admirals Matthews and Rowley. the governor of the state and a posse of The Poder, a Spanish 60 gun ship, was armed citizens. burnt. British loss 92 killed, 185 wounded. 1746. WILLIAM COUSTON, director of FEBRUARY 22. the French academy of painting and sculpture, died. 1371. DAVID II of Scotland died. He 1766. British stamp act repealed. was the son of Robert Bruce, was taken 1770. A mob, principally boys, attackprisoner by the English in 1346 and de- ed the house of Mr. Richardson, Boston, tained in the tower 10 years. owing to his having attempted to remove 1609. FERDINAND I, grand duke of Tus- the mark set against the house of one Lille, cany, died. He was eminent for the wis- who had contravened the non-importation dom and energy of his government. law. Richardson fired upon the mob and 1630. The first day of public thanks- killed Christopher Snider, a boy 11 years 80 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 22. of age, who was recorded in the public 1855. The San Francisco bankers susprints as the first martyr to American lib- pended payment, causing a panic. erty. 1780. An ox roasted on the ice at Philadelphia, the ice being 17 inches thick. FEBRUARY 23. 1782. The island of Montserrat surrendered to the French under Count De 303. The soldiers of Diocletian demolGrasse. ished the principal church of Nicomedia, 1787. The assembly of notables of and committed the sacred volumes to the France assembled. flames. 1797. The French made a descent on 1447. GABRIEL CONDOIMERO (Pope EugeWales. nius IV), died. He was elected to the 1806. JAMES BARRY,an Irish painter,died. papal throne 1431, afterwards unjustly deHe was patronized by Burke. His greatest posed, and again restored. effort is a series of allegorical pictures in 1545. FRANCIS DE BOURBON, Count Enpossession of the Society of arts, London. ghien, killed. He was a celebrated general 1809. Louis, count of Cobentzel, died at in the service of Francis I, and was killed Vienna. He was born at Brussels 1753. by accident. He entered into the military service of 1555. THOMAS WYAT beheaded. He Austria at an early age, and was employed took the lead in an unsuccessful insurrecas an embassadorto the court of Copenha- tion against the " bloody Queen Mary." gen before he had attained his twentieth 1589. ANDREW DUDITH, a Hungarian year; and was continued in that capacity at divine, died. He was employed by Fersome one of the European courts during the dinand II, in important affairs of state, whole of his life. wrote on physic, poetry, &c., and was a 1810. CHARLES BROCKDEN BROWN, an highly esteemed character. American novelist, died aged 39. He 1603. ANDREAS CIASARALPINUS, an Italian holds a distinguished rank among Ameri- philosopher and physician, died at Rome. can authors. 1619. BARTHOLOMEW ZIEGENBALG, a cele1810. The island of St. Eustatia surren- brated German missionary, died. He was dered by the Dutch to the British. sent to India by the king of Denmark, but 1811. The British ships Cerberus and meeting with some opposition from the Active captured 22 vessels from Otranto, Danish authorities there, he placed himself with provisions and troops. under the countenance of the British East 1812. Ogdensburg, New York, attacked India company, published a dictionary of by the British and Indians under Frazer the Malabar language, and was fulfilling the and McDonnell. Forsythe was compelled object of his mission with great zeal and to evacuate it. The British took 12 can- success, when he was suddenly interrupted nons, 1400 stands of arms, 300 tents, some by death at the age of 36. provisions, and all the vessels and boats. 1679. THOMAS GOODWIN, a theological American loss 27; British loss 64 killed writer of the puritan school, died, aged 80. and wounded. He was one of the members of the assembly 1814. BLUCHER defeated by the French of divines at Westminster, and attended under Boyer; the former set the bridge Cromwell on his death bed. and town of Mery on fire and fled. 1717. MAGNUS STEINBOCK, an illustrious 1816. ADAM FERGUSON, an eminent Swede, died at Frederickshaven. He disScottish writer, died. He was sent to tinguished himself by his valor under America as secretary to the mission in Charles XII, and in the absence of the king 1778 to effect a reconciliation between from Sweden, he managed the affairs of the two countries. the government with uncommon wisdom 1835. JANE JARMON died near Wades- and moderation. borough, N. C., aged 105. 1750. A brilliant borealis appeared at 1836. JoICE HETH died at New York; a Cork, about seven in the evening. The blind negro woman, who had been carried tide at the same time rose far above its about the country as a show, under the pre- ordinary height. tence that she was 162 years of age and 1766. STANISLAUS I, king of Poland and had been the nurse of General Washing- elector of Saxony, died. He was an author, ton. On a post mortem examination it and a good ruler, though an unfortunate was found that she could not have been one. more than 80 years old. 1775. The daily consumption of pulque, 1841. A land slide in the commune of the fermented juice of the maguei, in the Gregano in Italy, by which 113 persons city of Mexico, according to the custom lost their lives. The town of Reggio, in house record, was 6000 arrobas (150,000 Calabria, nearly destroyed by an earth- lbs.), and the daily consumption of toquake. bacco for smoking, was reckoned at 1250 Feb. 23.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 81 crowns. The population then exceeded aged 95. - He was the first consul from the 200,000. United States to Liverpool, to which office 1779. St. Vincents surrendered with con- he was appointed by Washington, and siderable stores, to the Americans under which he held for nearly half a century. Col. Clarke. British taken, 79. 1847. Battle of Buena Vista in which the 1780. Action between the British ship Mexican army, numbering more than four Resolution, 74 guns, and French ship La to one of the Americans, was completely Prothee, 64 guns, which resulted in the defeated. Many of the American officers capture of the latter. were slain. 1792. JOSHUA REYNOLDS, the English 1848. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, ex-president painter, died in London, aged 69. He of the United States, died in the Capitol at rapidly acquired opulence by his profession, Washington. It may well be questioned and on the institution of the royal academy, whether any statesman in the world was was elected president. The lectures which better informed. he delivered before this society have be- 1851. JOANNA BAILLE, the Scottish poetcome a standard work. ress, died, aged 89. She was born at 1796. NICHOLAS STOFFLET, the celebrated Bothwell, near the Clyde, and lived in seVendean chief, shot at Angers. At the clusion with her maiden sister. beginning of the French revolution he was 1854. The steamer from Stonington ara private soldier, but became one of the rived at New York, having been detained most intrepid and daring chiefs of the royal in the sound by ice during three days. army of La Vendee, and had been in no 1856. A freshet commenced in the Ohio, less than 150 actions, 10 of them pitched which caused great destruction of property, battles; and in more than 100 of them he among which were several steam boats. proved victorious. He met his fate with characteristic fortitude. 1796. BONAPARTE appointed command- FEBRUARY 24. er-in-chief of the army of Italy. 1798. Rockland county N. Y., erected. 303. DIOCLETIAN issued the first general 1798. The pope withdrew from Rome edict of persecution against the Christians, to Sienna, having been deprived of his by which all their religious edifices in the temporal possessions by the French. empire were to be leveled to their founda1800. JOSEPH WARTON, an English pre- tions, and the church property confiscated late, died. He was also an ingenious poet and sold to the highest bidder. This and critical writer. abominable decree was instantly torn from 1805. British frigate Leander, fell in its columnby a Christian of rank, who for with and captured the Ville de Milan, and his audacity was burnt or rather roasted, her prize the Cleopatra, captured a few by a slow fire. days previous. (See 17th.) 1383. JOHN WICKLIFFE presented seven 1814. The blacks under Christophe, took articles to parliament containing his docby assault fort Sabourin, in St. Domingo. trines. 1821. The counties of Monroe and Liv- 1468. JOHN GUTENBERG, the inventor of,ingston N. Y., erected. printing, died. In connection with Faust i822. BENAVIDES executed; an outlaw he contributed greatly to the improvement and pirate, who for several years proved of the art, then in a very rude state. the scourge of the southern part of Chili, 1495. JEM, son of Bayazid I the Osman where he perpetrated the most horrid cru- sultan, died. He was defeated by his elties upon every age and sex that fell in brother in a contest for the throne, and his way. In 1818 he had been condemned took refuge with the knights of St. John to be shot, and was supposed to have been at Rhodes, who sent him to France, where killed; but although shockingly wounded he was kept in confinement several years, and left for dead, he recovered and became and then delivered up to the pope, Alexa fiend incarnate. ander VI, by whom he was poisoned. 1827. WALTER SCOTT disclosed himself 1525. Battle of Pavia in Italy. The impublicly for the first time as the Great Un- perialists under Bourbon, Pescara and known, at a dinner of the Edinburgh Lannoy defeated the French and captured theatrical fund, himself in the chair. their king, Francis I, whom they sent 1831. GERTRUDE ELIZABETH MARIA, a prisoner to Madrid. The king fought with favorite German vocalist, celebrated the heroic valor, killing 7 men with his own anniversary of her 83d year at Reval, hand. where Goethe offered her a poetical tribute. 1540. CHARLES V of Germany entered 1836. Battle of fort Alamo in Texas, in Ghent, which had been in a state of insurwhich the Mexican army of 4000, who rection; 26 of the principal citizens were made the assault, were repulsed. put to death. He was born at this place 1840. JAMES MAURY died at New York, on this day 1500. 11 82 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 24. 1541. PEDRO DE VALDrVIA, having been lodged in different parts of the town, sent by Pizarro with 200 Spaniards and a could not get together until about 50 numerous body of Peruvians to Chili for buildings were on fire. Some were killed the purpose of settling such provinces as as they attempted to pass to their neighhe should conquer, succeeded in overcom- bors for shelter, and in some instances, the ing the resistance of the natives and found- husband flying with one child and the wife ed the city of Santiago. with another, one of them fell into the 1563. FRANcIS of Lorraine, duke of hands of the savages or was killed, while Guise, assassinated. He distinguished the other escaped. Two or three discharhimself in the wars with Charles V and ges of a field piece put the whole horde to the English; and in the reigns of Henry flight, who as they passed the river fired II and Francis II of France, completely the bridge to prevent pursuit. Loss 18 governed the kingdom. After the death killed, and many wounded and carried of Francis, he espoused the side of the away for torture. (Holmes says Feb.,21.) catholics in the civil wars. 1684. Birthday of HANDEL, the music 1587. THOMAS CAVENDISH passed the composer, at Halle. straits of Magellan. 1684. Boundary line between New York 1645. A treaty of peace, which was be- and Connecticut partially run. gun at Uxbridge on the 30th Jannary, be- 1716. The earls of DERWENTWATER and tween the commissioners of Charles I, and KENMUIR beheaded on Tower hill, for treathose of the parliament, was broken off. son in favoring the cause of the Pretender. 1665. A Dutch imposter whipped thro' 1721. JOHN SHEFFIELD, duke of Buckthe streets of London; possibly only a little ingham, died; a celebrated general, critic eccentric. and poet. 1665. Deerfield, Mass., purchased of the 1724. A great storm attended with an Indians. The deed, which is still extant, uncommon tide, was experienced in New was given "for the use and behoof of England. The tide in some places rose Major Eleazar Lusher, Ensign Daniel ten feet higher than it was ever known Fisher, and other English at Dedham, before, and rendered many of the streets their associates and successors," by Chauk of Boston navigable. alias Chague, the sachem of Pocomptuck, 1740. Providential delivery from death and his brother Wassahoale, and witnessed of a society of monks at Palermo. by Wequonnock. It reserves to the In- 1752. IsAAc WOOD, an English painter, dians the right of fishing in the rivers, died. His principal pieces are in oil and hunting wild animals, and gathering nuts. black lead upon vellum. It is capable of proof, that the early set- 1758. Battle of Hoya in Westphalia, betlers in New England, as well as New York, tween the allies and French. made it a matter of course to purchase the 1762. Tremendous hurricane and fall of lands upon which they settled, in nearly snow in England. Nearly 50 persons perall instances, and at prices whichl were ished in the fields, and several whales were considered a fair equivalent at the time by driven on the Essex and Kentish coasts. the Indians. It may be mentioned as a 1766. STANISLAUS, the last duke of Lormatter of curiosity, that the salary of the rain and Bar, as an independent Duchy, first minister settled at this place was ~60, died in consequence of burns from his robes to be paid in wheat at 3s. 6d., peas at 2s. de chambre having accidentally caught fire. 6d., corn at 2s. per bushel, and salted pork 1777. WILLIAM DODD, an English divine, at 2id. per pound. convicted of forgery, and sentenced to be 1667. THOMAS ADAMS died. He was hanged. born at Wem in England; went to Lon- 1777. JOSEPH, king of Portugal, died. don, where he established himself in busi- He was of the house of Braganza, ascended ness as a draper; and in 1645 rose to the the throne in 1750; his reign was turbuhigh honor of lord mayor of that city. lent and unfortunate. 1676. Attack on Medfield, Mass., by a 1781. EDWARD CAPELL died; known as party of about 300 Indians. The loss of the editor of an edition of Shakspeare in Lancaster, a short time previous, had put 10 vols., and4 large quarto vols. of "Notes the neighboring towns on their guard, and and various readings of Shakspeare. Medfield had obtained a small garrison of 1785. CHARLES BONAPARTE, father of soldiers for greater security, although with- Napoleon, died, leaving his family in in 22 miles of Boston. The Indians dur- straightened circumstances. ing the night had secreted themselves, 1797. Resumption of hostilities in Italy accdrding to custom, under the fences and between the French and Austrians. behind trees about the villages, so that the 1799. GEORGE CHRISTOPHER LIcHTENBERG, people were shot down as they came out a famous German writer, died. His comof their doors and their houses immedi- mentary on Hogarth is said of itself to imately set on fire. The soldiers being mortalize his fame. Feb. 24.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 83 1809. Drury-lane theatre burnt. It had the first who reached the deck of the latter been previously burnt, and rebuilt 1671 when she was boarded and taken. In by Sir Christopher Wren at a cost of 1802 he settled in Philadelphia, where he ~200,000. passed the remainder of his days. 1810. HENRY CAVENDISH, an English 1828. JACOB BROWN, who acted so prophilosopher, died. He made the import- minent a part in the war of 1812 between ant discovery of the composition of water. England and the United States, and for Of diffident and retiring manners, he de- some time commander-in-chief of the Univoted his days to experiments and improve- ted States army, died at Washington. ments in the arts and sciences. It has 1838. CARL HEINRICH LUDWIG POLITZ, been said that he was the richest among died at Leipsic. He was professor in the the learned, and the most learned among university, and an eminent writer on stathe rich men of his time. He left a for- tistics, history and politics. tune of ~5,000,000. 1843. JOHN OWENS, a soldier of the old 1813. Actionbetween United States sloop French war and also of the American revoHornet, Capt. Lawrence, and British man- lution, died, aged 107. of-war brig Peacock, Capt. Peake, off De- 1848. Revolution at Paris. marara. The action commenced at half 1852. DAVID KENNISON, the last of the past 5 P. M. and continued 15 minutes, Boston tea party, died at Chicago, aged when the Peacock showed signals of dis- 117. tress. Exertions were made to keep the 1854. ROBERT ARMSTRONG died, aged 64; vessel afloat till the prisoners could be got proprietor of the Washington Union newsoff, but she sunk carrying down 13 of her paper. crew and 3 Americans. The loss of the 1854. At Niagara falls two men fell from crew of the Peacock could not be ascer- the suspension bridge, a distance of 240 tained; but the captain was killed in the feet and were dashed to pieces. latter part of the engagement, and the vessel was literally cut to pieces. The Hornet lost 1 killed and 4 wounded; and the vessel received trifling damage, except in her FEBRUARY 25. rigging. 1815. ROBERT FULTON died, aged 50. He 52 B. C. POMPEY elected sole consul of was born at Little Britain, Pa., and early Rome. discovered a genius for painting and me- 1030. ADALBERO, a French ecclesiastic, chanics; and he subsequently studied died. He has left a character suited to painting in London, under Benjamin West. bold and unscrupulous intrigue. He also resided several years in Paris; af- 1464. The Lancasterians defeated by the ter which he returned to America, and Yorkists at Heagley Moor, the white rose presented to the world the phenomenon of triumphing over the red. the steam boat. 1523. WILLIAM LILY, an English gram1821. JOHN KEATS, an English poet, marian, died at London of the plague. died, aged 25. He was of humble origin, He is highly praised by Erasmus, who rebut was possessed of a fine genius. His vised the syntax of his grammar, for his productions were made the subject of se- uncommon erudition in the languages, and vere and unmerited criticism by Gifford, admirable skill in the instruction of youth. who had leaped from a cobbler's bench 1601. ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, into an editor's stool, and presided over executed. He obtained the favor of the the pages of the Quarterly Review. These queen, Elizabeth, and distinguished himgross attacks preyed upon his mind and self on many occasions. But having comhastened his death. mitted some indiscretions which required 1821. ITURBIDE issued his proclamation, reprimanding, his pride was wounded, called the plan of Iguala, for the pacifica- which led him to open rebellion. His fate tion of the state of Mexico. It contemplated has formed the subject of four tragedies. the independence of Mexico, and still to 1634. ALBERT, count Wallenstein, gepreserve its union with Spain. neralissimo of the Austrian army during 1826. RICHARD DALE, an American na- the thirty years war, assassinated. val officer, died. He was born in Virginia, 1643. A barbarous massacre in the night 1756, and at the age of 12 went to sea. of the Indians who were encamped at PaDuring the war of the revolution he was vonia, opposite the Dutch fort of New captured, and imprisoned, but found means Amsterdam, instigated by Gov. Kieft. About to escape, and joined the celebrated Paul 80 Indians lost their lives, and many enormJones. Under Joneshe distinguished him- ities were enacted by the Dutch. self in the sanguinary and desperate en- 1676. The Indians assaulted the town gagement between the Bon Homme Rich- of Weymouth, Mass., and burned several ard and the British frigate Serapis, and was houses and barns. This was a disastrous 84 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 25. year with the colonists. The Indians had 1805. WILLIAM BUCHAN, an eminent risen in their utmost power, with the de- Scottish physician, died near London. He termination of utterly extirpating the Eng- was educated for the pulpit, but made lish, and almost every day witnessed the choice of the medical profession, which he smqke of a town or cluster of dwellings on pursued during a long life. In 1771 he fire. published his Domestic Medicine; it has 1703. DANIEL DE FOE prosecuted as the been attended with a degree of success author of a book entitled, The shortest way scarcely equaled by any other book in our with the dissenters, and his book burned by language, and is translated into every the hangman. European tongue. 1712. NICHOLAS CATINAT, an illustrious 1807. Battle of Peterswalde, between the French general under Louis XIV, died.'French and Russians, in which the latter 1713. FREDERICK I, of Prussia, died. He were defeated, with the loss of their general, was elector of Brandenburg, and ambitious Baron De Korff, his staff and 400 men of raising his duchy into a kingdom. To prisoners. accomplish this object, he joined Leopold, 1814. Action between the British frigate emperor of Germany, in a war against Erotas and French frigate Clorinde, 44guns. several states. The captain of the Erotas and 4 men were 1723. CHRISTOPHER WREN, the English wounded and 22 killed. The Clorinde was architect, died, aged 91. He built St. captured the next day by the British ships Paul's and fifty other churches and monu- Dryades and Achades, her loss supposed ments, which had been destroyed by the to have been 120 men. great fire of 1666. 1816. A number of sailors belonging to 1724. Pope INNOCENT XIII died. the American squadron in the Mediter1754. RICHARD MEAD, an eminent Eng- ranean, having been permitted to go on lish physician and patron of learning, died, shore at Port Mahon, were attacked by the aged 81. His library sold for about $75,- Spanish guard and several killed and 000. His income from his profession was wounded. about $25,000 a year. 1816. FREDERICK WILLIAM BULOW, count 1761. JOSEPH FRANCIS DESMAHIS, a French von Dennewitz, a Prussian general, died. puthor of great celebrity, died. He is famous for his victories in the last 1768. Mangalore, a seaport belonging to French and German war, the art of which Hyder Ally, taken by the British. he had learnt scientifically in early youth. 1776. Battle of Trenton. The American He was also devoted to literature and the army under Washington crossed the Dela- fine arts, and esteemed as a citizen and a ware in the night during a violent storm man. of snow and rain, and attacked the British 1817. Schooner Ocean of New York sunk on the north and west parts of the town. at sea. Isaac Roget, a merchant of high A detachment had been ordered to cross standing in New York, was convicted in the river and secure a bridge to prevent the conjunction with others, of having loaded escape of the enemy; but owing to the ex- her at Havre de Grace with 97 boxes of treme difficulty of crossing, this part of the stones, with a view to defraud the insurance plan failed, and about 500 escaped. British officers of $58,000. loss 20 killed, 1000 prisoners; American 1819. FRANCESCO MANUEL, a Portuguese loss 2 killed, 2 frozen, 5 wounded. poet, died. His opinions being rather too 1779. The splendid bridge at Puerto liberal for the times, he was summoned to Santo, in Spain, fell and killed a great appear before the inquisition, but instead number of persons while the priests were of obeying the mandate he resisted the ofin the act of consecrating it. ficer sent to arrest him, and fled to Paris, 1781. Battle near Haw river in North where he resided till his death. It has Carolina, between the Americans under been said of him that no poet or writer Pickens and Lee, and a considerable body since the time of Camoens had done so of royalists under Col. Pyle. The latter much for the language. were cut to pieces, without the loss of a 1822. WILLIAM PINCKNEY, a distinguished man by the former. American statesman, died. It is said that 1781. The French and Spanishfleets en- he possessed almost unequaled legal scicountered a furious storm off cape Francois ence and eloquence. in the West-Indies. Several ships sunk or 1829. A violent hurricane in the island foundered, and about 2200 men perished. of Barbadoes, by which the whole of the 1782. Denmark acknowledged the in- eastern end of the island was devastated, dependence of the United States. and great damage done to the shipping. 1798. The French under Brune entered 1831. The Poles defeated near the walls the canton of Berne in Switzerland. of Warsaw by the Russians, with the loss 1799. E1l Arish in Egypt surrendered to of 5000 men. Russian loss 4,500. the French under Bonaparte. 1841. PILLIP P. BARBOUR, an eminent Feb. 25.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 85 American statesman and judge, died at 1638. CLAUDE MEZIRIAC, a Jesuit, died; Washington, aged 60. known as a poet in several languages. 1841. The Bogue forts and the city of 1686. GODFREY, count d'Estrades, died. Canton captured by the British. The num- 1696. CHARLES SCARBOROUGH, an eminent ber of Chinese killed and wounded was English physician and mathematician,died. very great; 1000 were captured. Canton He succeeded Dr. Harvey as lecturer on was almost deserted by its inhabitants. anatomy and surgery. 1850. TAU KWANG, emperor of China, 1723. THOMAS D'URFEY, an English poet, died, aged 69. died. He was a man of sparkling talents, 1856. Peace congress met at Paris, and but his poetic and dramatic pieces are now agreed upon an armistice till the 31st of forgotten. His Pills to Pturge Melancholy is March. yet upon the shelves of many English libraries. 1726. EMANUEL MAXIMILIAN, elector of FEBRUARY 26. Bavaria, died. He distinguished himself under the emperor Leopold, was placed at 747 B. c. The era of Narbonasar (a king the head of the Hungarian army, and made of Babylon) called also the Egyptian year, governor of the Low Countries by the king began on the first day of the month Thoth, of Spain. corresponding with this day in the Julian 1729. The British parliament resolved calendar. The years are vague, containing that it was an indignity and a breach of 365 days without intercalation, so that in privilege for any one to publish the debates the year 31 B. c. the beginning of the year or report the proceedings of the house. fell on the 29th August, and at the end of 1767. HYDER ALLY and the nizam of 1460 years it ran through all the Julian Deccan defeated by the British at Errour, months. near Trincomalee, in Ceylon. The Mexican year began also on the 26th 1769. WILLIAM DUNCOMBE, an English February. It is also certain that the Mex- dramatic author, died. I He translated ican calendar conformed greatly with the Horace. Egyptian. 1770. JOSEPH TARTINI died at Padua; an 387. In consequence of a sermon preached Italian musician, distinguished for his exby John Chrysostom on drunkenness and traordinary performances on the violin. blasphemy, a sedition broke out atAntioch. 1774. JOHN TICE died at Hagley, EngThe statues of Theodosius and the imperial land, aged 125. family were thrown from their pedestals 1775. Gen. GAGE despatched 140 soldiers and demolished by the tumultuous citi- under Col. Leslie to seize the military zens. stores collected at Salem. The people 398. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM, or the preacher foiled the expedition by drawing up a with the golden mouth, elected archbishop bridge and causing other delays till it was of Constantinople. too late to effect any thing, and they re1426. JOHN DE BROGNI died; originally a turned bootless. swine herd in Savoy; he distinguished 1789. The Cayugas sold their lands to himself for learning, virtue and piety, and the state of New York. was raised to the dignity of cardinal. 1802. ALEXANDER GEDDES died at Pad1512. ROBERT FABYAN, an English his- dington, England. He was a catholic and torian, died. He was brought up to a trade, is represented as a man of profound rebecame a merchant, and an alderman of search in biblical literature, and employed London. His Chronicle was burnt by himself many years in a new translation Wolsey. of the Bible, which he did not live to 1553. Four English noblemen, namely, finish. RALPH VANE, MILES PARTRIDGE, MICHAEL 1807. Battle of Braunsberg in Prussian STANHOPE and THOMAS ARUNDEL, were ex- Poland, in which a division of 10,000 Rusecuted as accomplices to the duke of Som- sians were overthrown by the French, who merset. took 2,000 prisoners and 16 cannon. 1611. ANTHONY POSSEVIN, a Jesuit, died 1810. JOHN DALRYMPLE, a Scottish auat Ferrara. He was distinguished as a thor, died, aged 84. He was for many preacher, and employed by the pope in years baron of the exchequer in Scotembassies to different countries. land. 1616. GALILEO appeared before Cardinal 1813. ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, an American Bellarmine to renounce his heretical opin- statesman, died. He was one of the comions; and having declared that he aban- mittee which drew up the Declaration of doned the doctrine of the earth's motion, Independence. He was afterwards chanand would neither defend nor teach it, in cellor of the state of New York, and minishis conversation or his writings, he was ter to France. He assisted Fulton with dismissed from the bar of the inquisition. means to carry his experiments into effect, 86 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 26. which gave to this country the honor of writer on divinity, and a great champion the first successful steam boat. on antinomianism. 1815. BoNAPARTE escaped from the island 1697. JOHN BERKLEY, baron of Stratton of Elba, accompanied by 1000 of his old died; a noted commander in the English guards, who had followed him into exile. fleet. 1823. JOHN PHILIP KEMBLE died; one of 1706. JOHN EVELYN, the English diarist, the most eminent tragedians of the British died. He is ranked among the greatest stage since the days of Garrick. He pos- philosophers of England, who turned his sessed talent and learning, and was an pen readily to almost every topic. His author. Diary is a curious book, extending nearly 1826. JOHN KAY, caricaturist, engraver, from his childhood to his death, and conbarber, and miniature painter, died in tains muth information not elsewhereto be Edinburgh. His small shop in Parliament found. close, was a great lounging place for the 1735. JOHN ARBUTHNOT, a Scottish phyidlers of the town. sician, died. He was attached to the court 1827. WILLIAM KITCHENER, an English of Queen Anne, was eminent in his profesphysician, died. He is distinguished for sion, and distinguished as a wit in an age his experiments in cookery; he treated abounding with men of wit and learning. eating and drinking as the only serious 1738. HENRY GROOVE, an English divine, business of life, and promulgated the laws died. He belonged to the dissenters, and of the culinary art, under the title of the wrote several valuable theological treatises. Cook's Oracle, professedly founded on his 1746. THoMAs FAUNCE died at Plymouth, own practice. He possessed an ample aged 99. He knew the rock on which the fortune, which enabled him to follow the pilgrims landed, and learning that it was bent of his eccentricities. covered in the construction of a wharf, was 1831. JOHN BELL, who gave direction and so affected that he wept. His tears, pername to Bell's Weekly Messenger at London, haps, saved it from oblivion. died. 1776. Battle of Moor's creeli bridge, in 1833. ELIZABETH PEARCE died in John- which the tories and Highlanders under son county, North Carolina, aged 111. McDonald, were defeated with the loss of 1833. The spasmodic cholera appeared their bravest officers. They fled leaving at Havana, and in about one month from 350 guns, 1500 rifles, 13 wagons, and 150 that time had destroyed 7000 persons. swords in the hands of the victors, as well 1834. ALOYS SENEFELDER, inventor of as their general. This defeat depressed lithography, died at Munich, aged 63. the spirits of the royalists in North Caroli1852. THOMAS MOORE, the celebrated na, and prevented their making any further Irish poet, died, aged 73. efforts. 1854. The gallery of the French opera 1794. Of the crews of 13 American veshouse at New Orleans fell during the per- sels captured by the Algerines, four were formance, carrying away the second tier, redeemed, leaving 126 still in the hands of by which the occupants were precipitated their captors as slaves. Two of these vesinto the parquette, killing 3, and badly sels were captured in 1785, and the rest in wounding 56 persons. 1793. A great effort was made throughout 1854. Three shocks of an earthquake at the land to raise money for their redempManchester, Kentucky, by which the houses tion by charitable contributions. were violently shaken. 1797. Bank of England suspended specie 1855. Gen. JACKsoN'S sword presented payments. Twenty years after it resumed to congress by the heirs of Gen. Arm- on one and two pound notes. strong. 1806. Action between the British ship 1855. HENRY PIERPONT EDWARDS, an Hydra, and French brig La Furet, off Cadiz, American judge, died at New York, aged 46. in which the latter was captured. 1856. At the breaking up of the ice on 1814. Battle of Orthes, in France, bethe Mississippi at St. Louis, 23 steam boats tween the British under Wellington and were wrecked. the French. 1817. Two shocks of an earthquake felt at Kingston, Upper Canada. FEBRUARY 27. 1829. Battle of Tarqui between the Colombian army of 5000, and the Peruvian of 212. GETA, emperor of Rome, slain by 8000, in which the latter were defeated his brother Caracalla, who was incited to with considerable loss. Articles for the the deed by jealousy. cessation of hostilities were signed on the 1411. The charter of the university of field of battle, and mutual differences reSt. Andrews, at Aberdeen in Scotland, ferred to the arbitration of the United granted. States government. 1642. TOBIAS CRISP died; a controversial 1844. NICHOLAS BIDDLE, celebrated as the Feb. 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 87 president of the United States bank for a approval on the counties which had put number of years, died near Philadelphia, themselves in a posture of defence. aged 58. He graduated at Princeton at the 1648. CHRISTIERN IV of Denmark, died. early age of 15, and was a man of great He sustained the character of an able and ability, of rarely equaled scholarship, and wise sovereign. of the most polished and courtly manners. 1680. DECAN and HENNESSIN were sent On the ruin of the bank he retired into out from fort Crevecoeur on the Illinois, private life, where however the creditors to trace the Mississippi to its source. They of the bank did not allow him undisturbed ascended the river to the 46th degree, repose. where they were stopped by a fall, to which 1853. PAUL FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, reign- they gave the name of St. Anthony. ing duke of Oldenburgh, died, aged 70. 1703. JOHN BAPTIST THIERS, died; a doctor of the Sorbonne, and professor of the belles lettres at Paris. FEBRUARY 28. 1734. Battle in Syria between the Turks, 45,000, and the Persians under Kouli Khan. 509 B. c. Battle of the CEsuvian fields, in The Turks were marching to succor Babywhich the Tarquins were vanquished and Ion, but were defeated with the loss of expelled from Rome, with the loss of more 20,000 killed on the field or taken prisonthan 11,000 citizens on the side of the ers. The victory cost the Persians 10,000 victors. men. 509 B. c. LUCIUS JUNIUS BRUTUS, the 1735. Large statute of GEORGE II set up avenger of the rape of Lucretia, and found- in the royal hospital at Greenwich, Eng., er of the Roman republic, fell at the battle at the expense of Sir John Jennings and of the (Esuvian fields. So great was the sculptor Mr. Rysbrack. fury of the encounter between him and his 1736. A proposal submitted to the house adversary, that their shields were mutually of commons in England, to levy a duty on pierced, an'd each fell dead from his horse distilled spirituous liquors, so as to prevent transfixed by the lance of his enemy. the ill consequences of the poorer classes 628. CHOSROES II, king of Persia, died. drinking them to excess. It was stated He carried his arms into Judea, Libya and that some signs where they were sold had Egypt, and made himself master of Carth- the following inscription: "Drunk for a age. He forced the Roman emperor Herac- penny; dead drunk for two pence; clean lius, to sue for peace; but his country was straw for nothing!" soon after penetrated by the Romans, his 1757. EDWARD MOORE died; an English palace pillaged and burnt, and himself de- fabulist and dramatic writer of considerable throned and cast into prison by his own note. son, after witnessing the massacre of 18 1758. Action between the French fleet other sons. under Du Quesne and the British, under 1408. Battle of Bramham Moor. Saunders, near Carthagena. The British 1447. HUMPHREY, duke of Gloucester, captured the Foudroyant, 80 guns, and murdered. He was the rival of Cardinal Orphee, 64 guns; the Oriflamme, 50 guns, Beaufort, as the head of affairs in England, was driven on shore under the castle of and was the friend and patron of learning. Aiglos, coast of Spain. The cardinal lived to enjoy his triumph 1759. The pope permitted the Bible to but six weeks. be translated into all the languages of the 1582. GEORGE BUCHANAN, a Scottish poet Catholic states. and historian, died. He occupied the last 1760. Action between the French fleet twelve years of his life in writing a history under Thourot and the British, Capt. Elliot. of his country in Latin. Three French frigates were captured and 1594. WILLIAM FLEETWOOD, an English Thourot killed. So great a terror had he lawyer, died. He was recorder of the city created in the seaports of Great Britain, of London in the reign of Elizabeth, and that his defeat was celebrated with the the author of several law treatises. greatest rejoicings. 1604. JOHN WHITGIFT, archbishop of 1771. RICHARD GREY, a learned English Canterbury, died. He was unwearied in divine, died. He was a polemical and his efforts to make the puritans conform to miscellaneous writer. the national church. 1781. WILLIAM STOCKTON died; a signer 1610. The house of commons complained of the Declaration of Independence from of the king's profusion, especially in the New Jersey. immense sums lavished on Scotch favorites. 1783. JOHN BAPTIST D' ESPAGNAC, a 1642. CHARLES I of England sent to the French general, died. He signalized himhouse of commons his reasons for refusing self in the campaign of Italy. the militia bill; the house declared his ad- 1795. Five hundred emigrant sleighs visers public enemies, and passed a vote of passed through the city of Albany between 88 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Feb. 28. sunrise and sunset, on their way to the Gen- within seven years, who should continue esee country. It was estimated that as many there three years; and an absolute grant of as 1,200 sleighs, freighted with men, wo- 12,000 acres as their proper inheritance for men, children and furniture, had passed ever, to be laid out near the river comup State street in the space of three days, monly called Pemaquid. destined for the Genesee valley, the far 1704. Deerfield, in Massachusetts, burnt. west of the emigrants of that day. Hertel de Rouville with 200 French and 1799. BONAPARTE reached the city of 140 Indians, after a tedious march through Gaza in Palestine. deep snow from Canada, made an attack 1799. Action between the British frigate upon this place, which was the northern Sybille, and French ship La Forte, 50 guns. frontier on Connecticut river. A watch The later was captured in 1 hour 40 min- had patrolled the streets until about two utes. The British lost two of their highest hours before day, when he incautiously officers. fell asleep, and the snow was of such depth 1804. PICHEGRU, the conquerer of Hol- as to admit of an entrance over the pickets land, arrested at Paris by order of Bona- of the fort. The whole settlement was parte. burnt with the exception of one house, 1815. Action between the United States which was standing until quite recently; frigate Constitution, 44 guns, Capt. Stew- 47 were slain, 112 carried into captivity, art, and British frigate Cyane and sloop including among the latter, the Rev. John Levant, 54 guns, Capt. Falcon; British Williams and his family. Of the captives, loss, 40 killed, 80 wounded; Constitution 17 died or were killed on the march;* 57 lost4 killed, 11wounded. The Cyane and were redeemed, among whom were the Levant were captured. minister and his family (his wife was killed 1823. WILLIAM W. VAN NESS, an emi- soon after the capture), except one daughter nent judge of the N.Y. supreme court, died. who could not be persuaded to return; but 1834. MODESTE MALHIOT, the Canadian adopted the manners and customs of the giant, died. His height was 6 feet 4 in- Indians, became a catholic, ana married a ches, and his weight 619k pounds. savage. The bell taken from the church, 1837. ADAM BINKLEY, died in Davidson it is said, still hangs in an Indian church co., Pennsylvania, aged 138. He was an at St. Regis. officer of the revolution and served 1744. JOHN THEOPHILUS DESAGULIERS throughout the war, at which time he had died. He was the son of a French protesta wife and 11 children. ant clergyman, who resided in England. 1843. A remarkable comet first observed Having been educated for the ministry, he in the northern states, which caused con- settled in London; there he acquired a siderable controversy whether it was a turn for natural philosophy, and was the comet or the zodiacal light. It was first first person who lectured on experimental seen at noon, and was distinctly observed philosophy in the metropolis. He was a with the naked eye from 7 to 9 o'clock in man of rare ability, and his income enabled the evening during the month of March. him to keep an equipage. His coachman, Its train extended about 70~ to 1000. Erasmus King, from the force of example, 1851. The Spanish government of Ma- became a kind of rival to the doctor; for nilla, totally destroyed the forts of the pi- he also undertook to read lectures, and exrate Sultan of Sooloo. hibit experiments in natural philosophy. 1853. Doncaster church, England, built The terms of admission to the lyceum of the in 1070, destroyed by fire. latter philosopher were in proportion to the 1854. Earthquake at Lexington, Ky., humble station he had filled. and surrounding country, attended by a 1793. The French convention passed a loud roaring noise. decree of accusation against Marat, and by 1854. American steamer Black Warrior, so doing tore off the cloak of inviolability seized by the Cuban authorities at Havana. which covered its members, and constituted 1855. An earthquake at Broussa killed itself its own jdry of accusation. or wounded abcut 800 p6eople, and was 1808. Denmark declared war against succeeded by a fire which destroyed nearly Sweden. one-third of the houses. 1810. Battle of Vique, in Spain, in which the Spanish General O'Donnel attacked the French under Souham. The impetuosity FEBRUARY 29. of the charge made by the Spanish troops lost them the battle. 1631. The president and counsel for 1844. Fatal explosion of the great gun, New England, made a grant to Robert Peacemaker, on board the American war Aldworth and Giles Elbridge of a hundred steamer, Princeton, by which several govacres of land for every person whom they ernment officers lost their lives, and many should transport to the province of Maine persons were seriously injured. MARCH. MARCH 1. which has never been equaled by any other periodical of the kind. 509. B. C. VALERIUS PUIBLICOLA pronoun- 1733. That mysterious person, the oldest ced a funeral oration over the body of Ju- inhabitant, witnessed a great flood in the nius Brutus, which was the first institu- north of England, wholly unprecedented tion of that generous tribute to the mem- in his life time. ory of the virtuous dead. 1766. ZABDIEL BOYLSTON, an American 1554. In the household expenses of physician, died. He was the first to inQueen Mary 15 shillings are given to a yeo- troduce inoculation for small-pox into man for bringing her majesty a leek on New England. This mode of treating a this day. virulent disease brought upon him the rid1562. The catholics under the duke of icule of his medical brethren; but he outGuise fell upon a body of Calvinists at lived these prejudices and realized a handBassi in France, who were singing the some fortune by his profession. psalms of Marot in a barn. The latter were 1774. Prince A. D. KANTEMIR, died; a insulted, and induced to come to blows: Turk by birth, but subsequently a distinwhen nearly 60 of these unhappy people guished oriental scholar. were killed and 200 wounded. This unex- 1781. Maryland ratified the articles of pected event lightened the flame of civil the confederation of the United States bewar throughout the kingdom. ing the last state to do so. 1564. Printing introduced again into 1786. The first No. of the Observer apMoscow. Some 12 years previous it had peared, conducted by Cumberland, the been used there, but the burning of the dramatist. city by the Poles suspended it. 1791. The annual masquerade held at 1625. JOHN ROBINSON died; minister of Rutland square rooms, Dublin, was the the first English church in Holland, to cause of a great riot and the death of which the first settlers of New England many of the police. belonged. He fled to Holland with his 1792. LEOPOLD II of Germany, and I congregation to avoid persecution, and at of Tuscany, died. He made the latter the the time of his death was preparing to fol- happiest and best governed state of Italy. low with the remainder of the brethren to In 1790 he succeeded to the imperial crown, America. He was distinguished for his and was noted for the wisdom of his nmealearning, liberality and piety. sures, his affability, strict justice and kind1645. Battle of Pontefract, in which Sir ness to the poor. Marmaduke Langdale defeated the lord 1793. Battle of Aldenhoven, between Fairfax. the French under Dumourier, and 40,000 1663. ADAM ADAxI, a French ecclesias- Austrians under Gen. Coburg. The French tic, statesman and historian, died. were defeated with the loss of 6,000 killed 1682. THOMAS HERBERT, an English au- and 4,000 prisoners. thor of Travels in d.sia and.Africa, died. 1799. Essex county, N. Y., erected. He was engaged in the civil wars between 1811. Massacre of the Mamelukes in the parliament and the royalists, and on Egypt by order of the pasha. the restoration was created a baronet. 1814. Treaty of Chaumont, between 1689. The odious hearth stone tax or- Austria, Russia, Prussia and Great Britain, dered to be taken off by William, prince against Napoleon. of Orange. 1815. BONAPARTE landed at Frejus in 1711. The Spectator, a daily critical, France from Elba, and resumed the impesatirical and literary paper made its ap- rial crown. pearance in London, under the conduct 1816. Ontario co., N. Y., erected. of Addison and Steele principally, with 1838. The Patriots of Canada, about 600 the assistance of some of the master spir- in number, under Nelson and Cote, surits of the day, and had a reputation rendered to Gen. Wool of the United 12 90 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Mar. 1. States army, near Alburg Springs, Vt., and 1714. Gibraltar and Minorca also ceded the frontier became tranquilized. to the English. 1845. Texas admitted into the Union as 1715. EMANUEL THEODOSIUS BOULLION, a an independent State. cardinal and ambassador of Louis XIV of 1854. The steam ship city of Glasgow France, died. left Liverpool for Philadelphia with more 1729. FRANCESCO BIANCHINI, an Italian anthan 300 passengers, and was never more tiquary and astronomer, died. He devoted seen. his life to intense study, and in his char1855. THOMAS DAY, an eminent Con- acter extensive learning was united with necticut jurist died, aged 78. He published great modesty and amiability of manners. 26 volumes of law reports, and his entire He was patronized by the pope, and reworks number about 40 volumes. ceived marks of respect from the Roman 1856. The colossal bronze statue of senate. Beet]oven, the gift of Charles C. Perkins, 1738. JOHNSON and GARRICK started from inaugurated at the music hall, Boston. Litchfield for London as literary adventurers. The former had two pence half penny in his pocket, and the latter something MARCH 2. less. 1767. JAMES DRAKE, an English politi986. LOTHAIRE, king of France, died of cal and medical writer, died. He is chiefly poison, said to have been administered by known now by his System of dnatomy. his wife Emma. 1768. The extensive copper mine in the 1492. The Jews banished from Spain by isle of Anglesey was discovered. an edict of Ferdinand V. They number- 1776. The Americans cannonaded Bosed 800,000 souls. ton from Cobble hill and Lechmere point. 1585. Dr. PARRY executed for a design 1786. JOHN JEBB, an eminent English to assassinate Queen Elizabeth. She had non-conformist divine and physician, formerly released him from imprisonment, died. His publications, theologial, medion a charge of justifying Romanism. cal and political, gained great approbation. 1611. BARTHOLOMEW LEGGAT, convicted 1788. SOLOMON GESNER, a Swiss bookof the Arian heresy and delivered over to seller, poet and painter, died at Zurich. the secular power. Of his writings the best known, in Eng1617. ROBERT ABBOTT, bishop of Salis- lish, is the Death of Abel. bury, died, aged 58. He was active and 1791. JOHN WESLEY, founder of the pains-taking in his office; a profound methodists, died, aged 88. He was born at scholar, and an industrious author. Epworth, England, and at the time of fin1619. QUEEN ANNE, consort of James I, ishing his studies, was distinguished for died at Hampton Court. his classical attainments, skill in dialectics, 1622. JOHN MARION AVANTIo, a learned and talent for poetry. The origin of the Italian civilian, died at Padua. sect called methodists is to be attributed 1629. The speaker of the house of com- to the circumstance of a club of kindred mons, in England, refusing for fear of the spirits, who used to meet on week days king's displeasure to put the question of and read classics, and on Sundays divinity, reading the remonstrance against the king's but shortly their meetings became excluusurpations, is held in his chair, the doors sively religious. This society consisted of of the house shut, and the remonstrance fifteen members, who from the strictness read. of their manners and deportment, obtain1711. DESPREAUX NICHOLAS BOILEAU, ed the name of Methodists, an appellation the French poet, died. He was born 1636, which they sanctioned and retained. He and in early youth gave indications of the visited America, and afterwards Germany, future bent of his geniius, by his fondness and on his return commenced the systemfor the great poets of antiquity. His atic labors by which he became the foundworks are frequently republished in France, er of a numerous religious sect. He joined though some of his satires are little to the with Whitfield in field preaching, but taste of the present day. Bruyere has their opinions being at collision on some said of him, that his verses will be read point, they finally separated. He continwhen the language is obsolete, and will be ued his active labors till within a week of the last ruins of it! his death. His works on various subjects 1713. The first No. of the Guardian ap- amount to upwards of thirty volumes peared, conducted by Steele during the octavo. temporary suspension of the Spectator. 1793. Breda, a city of Holland, noted 1714. Peace proclaimed with Spain, and for its numerous sieges, was taken by the a special privilege granted to the English French. of supplying the West Indies with negro 1793. Congress passed a law making apslaves at the rate of 4800 a year. propriations for purchasing two lots of Mar. 2.1 EVERY DAY BOOK.' 91 ground with buildings, and other materi- the discovery of the planet Pallas, in 1802, als and necessaries for a mint, $1,279'78; and of Vesta, in 1807. and for the salaries of its officers from July 1841. First daily paper in Brooklyn pubto Dec. 1792. $2,694'88. lished. 1794. Great scarcity of provisions in 1843. AsA PACKARD, aged 84, died at Paris. Lancaster, Mass. He was a soldier of the 1797. Battle of Monte di Savaro, be- revolution, and for nearly 70 years carried tween the French and Austrians, in which a musket bullet in his body. the former under Joubert attacked and car- 1845. JUDAH ALDEN, a distinguished ofried the posts of the latter. ficer of the American revolutionary army, 1797. HORACE WALPOLE, an English au- died at Duxbury, Mass. thor, and son of Robert Walpole the states- 1849. JAMES MORIER, the celebrated man, died. author of Hajji Baba, and other works, 1799. Corfu, one of the Ionian islands died. taken by the Turco Russian squadron. 1852. The town of St. Bartholomew, one 1799. Manheim, a strong German city, of the Antilles, nearly destroyed by fire; taken by the French. 120 houses and stores having been burned 1801. CHARLES ALBERT DEMOUSTIER, a in the space of four hours. French poet, died. He was first a success- 1852. MARMONT, duke of Ragusa, died ful lawyer, but subsequently turned his at- at Venice, aged 78. He was the last of tention to literature, and wrote comedies, Napoleon's marshals. operas and poems. His pieces are distin- 1855. NIcHoLAS I, emperor of Russia, guished for spirit, delicacy and ease, and died, aged 59. He came to the throne in some of them have maintained a placeup- 1826, and his reign was devoted to on the stage. strengthening the power and extending 1802. FRANCIS RUSSEL, duke of Bed- the domain of Russia. ford, died, aged 37. He distinguished 1856. An earthquake in the island of himself by his endeavors to improve ev- Great Sangor, one of the Moluccas, by ery branch af agriculture, and was a wor- which 2,806 lives were lost. thy man. 1830. Great freshet at Vienna, in Austria; the Danube rose twenty-three feet, MARCH 3. and the houses of 50,000 inhabitants were inundated. 1589. JOHN STURMIUS, a learned German 1835. FRANCIS I of Austria (II of Ger- grammarian and rhetorician, died. He was many), died. His disposition was mild; called the Cicero of Germany. his dress plain and homely; his manners 1633. GEORGE HERBERT, an English digentle and familiar; and he was greatly vine and poet, died. Lord Bacon had so beloved by his German subjects. high-an opinion of his judgment that he 1835. SAMUEL BLACKBURN died; an of- would not suffer his works to be published ficer of the revolution, an eminent lawyer until they had been submitted to Herbert's and for many years a conspicuous member examination. of the Virginia legislature. At his death 1634. First colony arrived at Potomac he liberated his slaves, 46 in number, for the settlement of Maryland, under Lord charging his estate with the expense of Baltimore. It consisted of 200 Catholics transporting them to Liberia. from England. The soil was purchased of 1839. ZERAH COLBURN died at Norwich, the natives, and the foundation of the Vt., aged 35. At the age of 6 years he at- province was laid on the broad basis of tracted great attention in Europe and security to property and of freedom in reAmerica by his marvelous powers of cal- ligion. culation. At that time he was unable to 1703. ROBERT HOOKE, an English matheread or write, and ignorant of the name or matician and philosopher, died. He is properties of a single figure traced upon noted for many useful inventions and impaper. Yet his talent for mental arithme- provements in mechanics; and his writings tic was so extraordinary as to be wholly are numerous and valuable. incredible, were it not supported by un- 1722. CAMPEGIOVITRINGA died; a learned questionable evidence. This faculty he author of Friesland, in the Netherlands. lost before he left England, which was in 1728. CAMILLO D'HoSTUN, count de Tal1824; and on his return he became a meth- lart, died. He was a brave general of the odist preacher, having acquired a respecta- French, taken prisoner by the duke of ble education while abroad. Marlborough. 1840. HENRY WILLIAM MATTHEW AL- 1760. Unsuccessful attack on the fort at BERS, a celebrated astronomer, and prac- Ninety-Six, by 200 Cherokee Indians. ticing physician at Bremen, died, aged 1776. The Americans under Col. Bull 81. He acquired a lasting reputation by burnt the British ship Inverness and six 92 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 3. other vessels, near Savannah, laden for MARCH 4. England. 1779. Battle of Briar Creek, when the 1193. SALADIN the Great died at DamasAmericans were surprised by the British cus. under Provost, and lost 150 killed and 162 1530. CHARLES V granted to the knights prisoners. of St. John, who had recently been ex1780. JOSEPH HIGHMORE, an eminent pelled from the island of Rhodes by the English painter, died. He was also a writer Turks, the ownership of all the castles, of considerable merit. fortresses, and isles of Tripoli, Malta and 1791. The church plate in France was Gozo. Malta at the time was a shelterless sent to the mint for coinage. rock, and the inhabitants, 12,000 in num1792. ROBERT ADAM, a Scotch architect, ber, in a wretched condition. died. In connection with his brother, he 1583. BERNARD GILPIN, an eminent Engbuilt some of the first mansions in. Lon- lish prelate, died. He came near falling a don; but the work for which they are victim to the fury of Bonner, and was only chiefly celebrated, is the elegant range cal- saved from the stake by the death of the led the Rdelphi, a Greek word denoting the queen. His life was spent in well doing. relationship of brothers. 1629. Massachusetts patent. confirmed 1796. Civic festival at the Hague on oc- by CHARLES I, by the name of "the govcasion of the installation of the Batavian ernor and company of Massachusetts bay national assembly. in New England," Matthew Cradock first 1799. The advance guards of the French governor. army arrived before Jaffa (the ancient Jop- 1674. The governing charter of Dundalk, pa) in Syria, and invested the city. in the county of South Ireland, bears this 1802. County of St. Lawrence, in New date. This town was the Dundalgan of York, erected. the Irish Ossianic poems, and is of great 1808. JOHANN CHRIST FABRICIUS died, antiquity. one of the most celebrated entomologists 1681. The charter of Pennsylvania signof the eighteenth century. He was born ed and sealed by Charles II, constituting 1742 at Sleswic in Denmark; studied me- William Penn and his heirs true and abdicine; but was afterwards induced to solute proprietaries of the province, saving make an especial study of entomology, a to the crown their allegiance and the science at that time in its infancy. He sovereignty. adopted a new arrangement of the insect 1744. JOHN ANSTIS died; an English antribe by choosing for his divisions/ the tiquary, and a very eminent writer on modifications observable in the parts of heraldic subjects. the mouth. 1765. WILLIAM STUKELEY, an English 1808. The French West India island antiquary, died. He wrote ably as a divine, Marigalante taken by the British. It was physician, historian and antiquary; was colonized by the French, 1647; twice taken profound in British antiquities; a good by the Dutch, and twice before by the botanist; erudite in ancient coins; drew British, and restored to the French, 1763. well, and understood mechanics. The 1810. The great Elm tree at Kensington, footsteps of the Romans were traced by Philadelphia, under which William Penn him, and the temples of the ancient Britons held his first treaty with the Indians in explored. His antiquarian researches ac1682, was blown down. quired him the name of Arch Druid. 1815. War declared between the United 1776. The Americans took possession of States and Algiers. Dorchester heights, which were sa far com1817. LEscURE died at Beaulieuin France, pleted by day light as to excite the asaged 118. He enjoyed, at the time of his tonishment of the British, and render their death the vigorous use of his intellect. position in Boston extremely hazardous. 1843. Com. PORTER, a gallhnt American 1776. New Providence taken from the naval officer, died at Constantinople, where British by the American Commodore Ezehe was minister from the United States to kiel Hopkins. The governor, together the Sublime-Porte. with considerable military stores, fell into 1845. Florida admitted into the Union the hands of the victors. as an independent state. 1778. American frigate Alfred, 20 guns, 1846. HENRY PURKITT, one of those who taken by the British ships Ariadne and assisted in the destruction of the tea in Ceres. Boston harbor, died, aged 91. 1782. The house of commons resolved 1855. ROBERT MILLS died, a civil engineer that it would " consider as enemies to his and architect, under whom the Washington majesty and the country, all those who Post office, Treasury building and Patent should advise or attempt the further prooffice were erected. secution of offensive war on the American continent." March 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 93 1789. The first congress of the United at the Cambridge university at 7 P. M. by States assembled at New York. G. P. Pond, assistant observer, being the 1791. Vermont admitted into the Union. fourth first discovered in this country by (See Feb. 18.) this young gentleman. 1794. HENRY DE LA ROCHEJAQUELIN, the 1856. The free state legislature of Kansas hero of La Vendee, killed. The peasants assembled at Topeka. of the neighborhood having risen in the royal cause, he placed himself at their head, with this laconic harangue, ".Allons MARCH 5. chercher l'ennemi; si je recule, tuez moi; si J'avance, suivez moi; sije meurs, vengez moi. 13. B. c. MARCUS EMILIUS LEPIDrs, one After gaining sixteen victories, he fell in of the Roman triumvirs, with Augustus single combat with a republican soldier. and Anthony, died at Cerceii. 1797. One pound or 20 shilling notes 493. ODOACER, chief of the Heruli, murfirst issued by the bank of England. They dered. It was reserved for him, at the were designed to take the place of the head of a tribe of barbarians almost unspecie drained from the vaults to pay the known, to strike the decisive blow that foreign contracts. overthrew the great mistress of the world1806. Action between the British fleet, imperial Rome. Corn. Popham, and the French frigate La 1223..ALONzo II of Portugal died. His Voluntaire, 46 guns. The latter was cap- career was begun by an attempt to deprive tured with 360 men and 217 British his sisters of their estates, and ended by prisoners. robbing the church. The pope, however. 1811. Firstreport of canalcommissioners interfered, and compelled him to promise in New York. to be civil to the ecclesiastics; but death 1811. The French under Massena re- overtook him before he had time to fulfill treated before Lord Wellington upon San- his engagements by making restitution. tarem, in Portugal, leaving their killed and 1495. HENRY VIII granted a patent to wounded behind. John Cabot and his three sons Lewis, Se1812. The charter of the first bank of bastian and Sanchius, empowering them to the United States expired by its own limit- sail under the flag of England in quest of ation. countries yet unoccupied by any Christian 1814. Battle of Longwood, about 100 state, to take possession of them in the miles from Detroit, in which the United name of Henry, and plant the English States troops defeated a superior British banner on the walls of their castles and force. British loss 80; American loss 8. cities, and to maintain with the inhabit1814. Battle of Troyes, between the ants a traffic exclusive of all competitors, French under Oudinot and the Allies un- and exempted from customs; under the der Schwarzenberg, in which the former condition of paying a fifth part of the free were defeated, with the loss of 10 cannon profit on every voyage to the crown. They and 3,000 prisoners. embarked two years after. 1815. United States letter of marqne brig 1534. ANTONI ALLEGRI, an illustrious Aspasia, 3 guns and 25 men, captured by Italian painter, died. He lived at Parma, the British ship Voluntaire. where without any instruction he executed 1815. FRANCES ABINGTON, a celebrated some of the most perfect pictures in the English actress, died. She was the original world. He is better known as Corregio, Lady Teazle. from his birth place. 1832. JOHN FRANCIS CHAMPOLLION, the 1546. ISABELLA LOSA died; a native of French archaeologist, died at Paris, aged Cordova in Spain, so illustrious for her ac42. Having devoted much attention to quirements that she was honored with the the study of Egyptian antiquities, he was, degree of D. D. in 1826, appointed to superintend that de- 1605. CLEMENT VIII (Hippolitus Aldopartment in the royal museum at Paris, and brandi), pope of Rome, died. He was a in 1828, went with an expedition of learned liberal minded and benevolent pontiff. men to Egypt, at the expense of the king, 1660. MONK'S parliament ordered the Charles X. The results of this journey printing and setting up in churches the were regarded of so great importance in solemn league and covenant. relation to the hieroglyphics, that his 1686. JAMES II forbade the bishops to manuscripts on that subject were purchased preach on controverted points. by the French government at about $9,300. 1695. HENRY WHARTON died; an Eng1838. Carlists under Cabanero, entered lish divine and historian of uncommon Saragossa, but were driven out by the na- abilities. tional guards with the loss of 120 killed 1701. ROBERT, earl of Bellamont, goveand 700 prisoners. nor of the province of New York, died, two 1847. A telescopic comet was discovered years after his installment into that office. 94 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 5. 1708. WILLIAM BEVERIDGE, an English Nathaniel Bowditch, in a manner creditadivine, and bishop of St. Asaph, died, ble alike to the author, to himself and the leaving many learned and valuable works. literature of his country. 1710. JOHN HOLT died. He had been 1827. ALESSANDRO VOLTA died. He was for more than 20 years lord chief justice of born at Como, Italy; devoted his attenthe king's bench court in England. tion to experiments in electricity, and 1737. The servants called footmen occa- made many important discoveries. sioned a riot at Drury lane theatre, Lon- 1829. Battle near the river Natonebi, in don, alleging that they had been shut out Asiatic Turkey, between the Turks and of the gallery, to which they were entitled. Russians, in which the former lost 1,000 1744. At Huddersfield. Yorkshire, a Ro- and the latter 200 men. man temple was discovered and an altar 1837. OLIVER ELLIOT died at Mason, N. inscribed to Antonius Modestus of the H., aged 103. He was a soldier of the sixth conquering legion. French war of 1756, and of the revolu1770. Boston massacre. This occur- tionary war. rence, which is variously stated, is sup- 1846. JOHN PICKERING, president of the posed to have arisen as follows: a crowd American Oriental society, &c., &c., died surrounded a corporal's guard in the even- at Boston. ing, and commenced pelting them with 1849. The emperor of Austria, after a snow balls, which exasperated his majesty's series of decrees, promulgated a new conlegions to such a pitch of valor, that they stitution. turned their muskets upon the citizens. 1853. GERVINUS tried at Manheim for The leaden balls of the soldiers were more high treason, published in a work on the than a match for those of the people, and history of the nineteenth century, was five men fell mortally wounded. Their found guilty of exciting to sedition, and names were Mattucks, Gray, Caldwell, sentenced to ten months imprisonment, Maverick, and Carr. and his book ordered to be destroyed. 1773. PHILIP FRANCIS died at Bath, Eng- 1856. Covent garden theatre, London, land; distinguished as a translator of burnt at the close of a masked ball. Horace and Demosthenes. 1775. PETER LAURENCE BUYRETTE DU BELLOI died; a French comedian and tra- MARCH 6. gedian, who by his own pieces became extremely popular in his day. 13 B. C. AUGUSTUS CAESAR assumed the 1775. The citizens of New York held a office of high priest, in which capacity he town meeting, in which it is said the destroyed 2,000 books of prophecy, for question of congress or no congress was want of authority! carried in the affirmative by the aid of 1393. JOHN HAWKWOOD, an Englishman, hoop poles obtained from a neighboring died at Florence. He was bred a tailor, cooper's yard. but signalized himself so greatly in the 1778. THOMAS AUGUSTUS ARNE died; an wars in Italy, that he was promoted to the English musician and opera writer. He highest posts; and after his death the received the degree of doctor of music. Florentines erected a black marble statue 1785. JOSEPH REED died at Philadelphia, as an acknowledgment for the services he aged 43. He, was one of Washington's had done them. aids in the revolutionary war, and subse- 1521. MAGELLAN, in the service of the quently an adjutant-general, member of king of Spain, on his voyage round the congress, and govenor of Pennsylvania. world, discovered the Ladrone, or Marian 1794. County of Onondaga, in New islands, and may be considered as the first York, erected. discoverer of that portion of the world 1798. An Algerine barque arrived at called Australia. This opened the way for Baltimore, 85 days out, manned by Alge- the subsequent discoveries made in that rines; being the first that ever entered an quarter. American port. 1557. Lord STOURTON hung at Salisbury 1811. Battle of Barrosa in Portugal, be- in a halter of silk, to mark his dignity. tween the French under Victor, and the His crime was the murder of two persons English, Spanish and Portugese allied whom he had decoyed to his house. army, under Graham. The French were 1577. REMI BELLEAU, one of the seven defeated with the loss of 3,000; allied loss poets called the Pleiades of France, died. 2,742. He excelled as a pastoral writer. 1827. PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE, the French 1615. The yacht Halve Maan, 80 tons burmathematician, died. His principal work, den, in which Hudson entered the river which will render him an object of admi- which bears his name, was wrecked and ration to posterity, the Mechanique Celeste, destroyed on the island of Mauritius. has.been translated by our countryman 1716. Aurora Borealis first seen in Eng March 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 95 land, and was gazed upon with every de- MARCH 7. gree of alarm till nearly three o'clock in the morning. 161. ANTONINUS PIUS, emperor of Rome, 1754. PELHAM, premier of England, died at Lorium, aged 23. died suddenly in the meridian of life. He 1274. THOyAS AQUINAS died. He was was much opposed to the German alliances descended from the counts of Aquino, in of the kingdom, but had not influence Italy. There was a great contest for him enough in the face of a hostile court to between his family and the monks when break them up. he was a youth; but he eluded the vigi1762. The ghost that had for so long a lance of his keepers, became a theologian, time alarmed the people of Cocklane, Lon- and was called the evangelical doctor. His don, was detected. works have been often reprinted in 17 1767. JAMES MALFILLASTRE, a French vols. folio. poet, died. 1575. The general assembly of Scotland 1781. Battle of Whitsell's mill, an im- enacted that no comedies, nor tragedies, portant pass of Reedy fort creek, in which or such plays, shall be made on any history the British were worsted. of canonical scriptures, nor on the Sabbath 1784. FRANCIS XAVIER HALL, a Jesuit, day. professor of belles lettres and ecclesiastical. 1589. WALTHER RALEIGH, having exlaw in several German universities, died. pended ~40,000 in attempting the coloniza1796. WILLIAM FRANCIS RAYNAL died. tion of Virginia, without realizing the exHe was a French Jesuit, who distinguished pected gain, made an assignment of his himself as a historian of the European patent to Thomas Smith and others, with settlements in both Indias, and as a politi- a donation of ~100 for the benefit of the cal writer. colony. 1799. The French under Bonaparte took 1661. Goffe and Whalley, the regicides, Jaffa by assault. The garrison consisted of arrived at New Haven, where by the con1,200 Turkish artillery and 2,500 Magrubins nivance of the deputy governor and clergyor Arnauts who were put to the sword. man, they effectually eluded discovery 1812. JAMES MADISON, an eminent Amer- during the remainder of their lives. ican prelate, died, aged 63. His great at- 1755. THOMAS WILSON died; bishop of tainments placed him in the presidential Sodor and Man, an excellent prelate and chair of William and Mary college at the an eminent writer on theology. early age of 28, and the reputation of the 1769. SAMUEL DERRICK died; originally institution advanced under his charge. a linen draper in Dublin; subsequently a 1815. LEwIS XVIII declared Napoleon writer of pamphlets in London, and finally Bonaparte a traitor and a rebel, for having master of ceremonies at Bath and Tunentered by main force the department of bridge. the Var. 1771. THOMAS MARTIN, an English anti1815. A great riot around the British quarian, died. He wrote a history of his parliament house, on account of the corn own native town, and made a valuable colbill. A great many lives lost. lection of antiquities, &c. 1817. Insurrection at Pernambuco, Bra- 1777. JAMES AITKEN, alias John the zils, headed by Domingos Jose Martins. painter, was hanged on a gallows 60 feet in The insurgents took possession of the town, height for setting fire to the rope yard at and the governor fled to Rio de Janeiro. Portsmouth. He confessed his having set 1822. Owing to a strong south-west fire to the vessels at Bristol quay and that wind the tide in the Thames near London he was stimulated to these acts by Silas bridge was so low, that several persons Dean of the American congress. forded the river and picked up many 1778. American frigate Randolph, Capt. valuable articles that had laid for years on Nicholas Biddle, 36 guns and 305 men, the bottom of the river. blown up about 9 at night, in an action of 1825. SAMUEL PARR, an eminent English fifteen minutes with the British ship Yardivine and critic, died. He was possessed mouth, 64 guns. Capt. Biddle perished, of a prodigious memory, and in curious at the age of 27; only 4 of the crew were and elegant classical knowledge he seems saved. to have been at the head of the English 1781. A British soldier jumped over the scholars of his day. pallisades at Gibraltar, and notwithstanding 1838. VILETTE EASTON, a colored woman, 1143 musket balls were fired at him, sucdied at Providence, Rhode Island, at the age ceeded in reaching the Spanish lines, wavof 110. ing his hat. 1854. The block of marble sent by the 1788. Clinton county, in New York, pope as a contribution to Washington's erected. monument, was destroyed by unknown 1794. Revolution at Warsaw. The Ruspersons at night. sians with Gen. Inglestrom and their am 96 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 7. bassador, driven out of the city by the 1721. Pope CLEMENT XI died, aged 72. Poles. He reigned over twenty years. 1794. The mulatto Gen. Bellegarde and 1748. The British squadron, Admiral his second, Pelocque, with 300 followers, Knowles, attacked and carried Port Louis, surrendered to the British at St. Domingo. in St. Domingo, which he also destroyed. The chiefs were sent to the United States. The French lost about 130 killed; British 1795. The British squadron, Sir Edward loss 24 killed and 50 wounded. Pellew, captured near the Penmarks, 8 1750. An earthquake at London which French vessels, burnt 2 ships, 3 brigs and shook the whole city. It occurred at half 2 sloops. past five in the morning, awoke people 1801. The British expedition under Lord from their sleep, threw some persons out Keith, consisting of nearly 200 sail and an of bed and rung the bells. army of 15,330 men, arrived in Aboukir 1757. THOMAS BLACKWELL, an eminent bay, Egypt. Scottish writer, died. His modesty was 1803. FRANcIs EDGERTON, duke of Bridge- such that he published his works anonywater, died. He was the projector of the mously. Medway canal in England. 1766. The bill repealing the American 1804. British and Foreign Bible society stamp act received the royal assent, and founded in London. A clergyman of Wales, was passed. whom the want of a Welsh Bible led to 1766. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, the architect, London, occasioned its establishment. died. He was born in Sweden, but was 1808. The Portuguese royal family ar- brought over to England at two years of rived in Brazil, fleeing before the arms of age. As an architect, the building of Napbleon to the colonies. Somerset house will place his name with 1809. Schenectady county, New York, the best of the British schools. He was taken from Albany. the author of several works, principally on 1810. CUTHBERT COLLINGWOOD, the Eng- architecture. lish admiral, died in his ship off Minorca. 1775. An inhabitant of the town of BilHe entered the British navy at an early lercia, Mass., tarred and feathered by the age, and by his talents rose to the highest British troops. The British were the first rank. His most distinguished service was to introduce this practice, which afterwards the part he bore at the battle of Trafalgar. became a popular mode of punishing toOn the fall of Nelson in that conflict, the ries. command devolved on him. The victory 1793. The French national convention on that occasion was attributable to the abolished imprisonment for debt, and denautical skill, prudence and courage of creed that all actually confined for debt in Collingwood; and his ship was the first to the republic should be set at liberty. From break through the French line. this law however were excepted all de1814. Battle of Craonne in France, in faulters in public money. which the F nch under Victor and Ney 1793. The city of Liege in Belgium, defeated the allies, took 6 generals and taken by the Austrians. about 6,000 prisoners. 1796. A viscid and resinous substance 1828. RICHARD STOCTON, a son of the fell near Bautzen, in Upper Lusatia, comsigner of the Declaration of American In- posed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. dependence of that name, died at Prince- Several distinguished men of science exton, New Jersey. He was one of the fore- amined specimens of it. It had the smell most supporters of Washington's adminis- of the yellowish and very much dried gum tration. of the juniper. 1844. Florida admitted into the Union. 1796. Banda, an East India island, taken (Query 3d.) by the British under Admiral Rainer. A large quantity of spices and considerable MARCH 8. money fell into the hands of the victors. 1799. Cayuga county, New York, erected. 1096, WALTER the Pennyless departed 1799. MASSENA took by assault the fortfrom France with the van of the Crusaders. ress of Luciensteig, cut out of the rock in 1639. DUDLEY DIGGES, master of the the channel of the Rhine. This opened a rolls under Charles I, died. He was noted passage through the Rhaetian Alps. for his patriotism, and was the author of 1801. The British effected a landing in several literary performances. Egypt, at Aboukir bay, with the loss of 1663. The great frost at Paris, which had 700 men. The French under Menou opendured three months, broke up on this posed their landing with great bravery. day. 1803. FRANCIS EGERTON, duke of Bridge1702. WILLIAM III of England, died. He water, died. He is styled the father of was celebrated as a politician, and formid- canal navigation in England. He planned able as a general. (16th?) the Worsley canal, near Manchester, which March 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 97 he completed with the assistance of Brind- 1615. FRANcIS BEAUMONT, an English ley. He died immensely rich. dramatist buried. He was jointly concerned 1804. Goeree, an island of the Nether- with Fletcher in the production of several lands, which had fallen into the hands of excellent plays, and assisted Jonson in the French a few weeks previous, was re- some of his. He died under 30 years of taken by the British on this day. age. 1807. SAWREY GILPIN, an English painter, 1649. The duke of Hamilton, earl of died. He excelled particularly in delineat- Holland and Lord Capel beheaded with ing animals. His masterpiece is a group others who were suspected of royalism. of tigers. Bad faith is attributed to their judges. 1808. Third day's action between the 1661. JULIUS MAZARIN died; cardinal British frigate St. Fiorenza and th3 French and prime minister of France under Louis frigate Piedmontaise, 50 guns, off cape XIV. His name is identified with the hisComorin. The action lasted one hour and tory of his time. twenty minutes, when the French struck, 1678. Ghent surrendered to Louis XIV having 48 killed and wounded. The Brit- of France. ish lost 17 killed besides their commander, 1679. A declaration forbidding pardon Capt. Hardinge. to be granted to any who killed another in 1814. Lord WELLINGTON defeated the a duel, issued by the council of England. French and entered Bordeaux. ~ 1694. GASPARD SAGITTARIUS, a German 1814. Unsuccessful attack by the British historian, died. He was an able supporter under Gen. Skerret upon Bergen-op-Zoom. of the doctrines of the reformation. Of 4,500 British it is supposed that not 1735. Violent hurricane occurred at more than 1,500 escaped. Kilverton in Norfolk rolling the lead of the 1815. Action between the British ship roofs of houses and doing in the few Tiber, Capt. Dacres, and the American minutes it lasted, incredible damage. A privateer Leo, 7 guns, 93 men, Capt. Hemes, strong smell of sulphur followed. which resulted in the capture of the latter. 1762. JOSEPH CALAS, a merchant of 1819. REGNAULT DE ST. JEAN D'ANGELY Toulouse, executed on the wheel. He was a French statesman under Bonaparte, died unjustly condemned for the murder of his at his ancient seat, on the day following own son. His innocence was confirmed by his return from exile, of gout in the a public arret, on this day the next year. stomach. 1770. WILLIAM GUTHRIES, a voluminous 1844. CHARLES JOHN BERNADOTTE, king Scottish writer, died. He became celebratof Sweden, died, aged 81. He rose from ed as a bookmaker, and lent his name to the humble rank of a sergeant in the army, the works of less popular authors. to the highest rank under Bonaparte; and 1778. Great council at Johnstown bein 1810 founded a new dynasty in Sweden. tween the Six nations and New York comHaving fortunately joined the allied powers pany. in 1812 against Napoleon, hesurvived the 1782. Mangalore, a seaport of Hindostan, overthrow of the other newly erected dy- surrendered to the British under General nasties, and transmitted the crown to his Matthews. son, Oscar I. 1783. MICHAEL ETMULLER, a German physician, died. His works have been MARCH 9. published in 5 vols. folio. 1793. Congress passed the act to organize 1403. BAJAZET I, sultan of Turkey, died. the militia; enacting the enrollment of He was celebrated as a warrior, but his dis- every able bodied white male citizen beposition was cruel and tyrannical. Being tween the ages of 18 and 45. conquered by Tamerlane, and exposed by 1795. The Fingal, or 118th regiment, him in an iron cage, he dashed his head mutinied at Birmingham, England. against the bars of his prison, and killed 1796. CHARETTE, the famous Vendean himself. chief, tried and shot at Nantes, aged about 1405. Battle of Grosmont, in which 33. He refused to have his eyes bandaged, Henry IV defeated the Welch under Grif- and gave the signal to fire himself. fith Glendowr. 1801. JOHANN CHRISTIAN ACKERMANN, a 1566. DAvID RIccI (or Rizzio), an Italian celebrated German physician and bibliomusician, residing at the court of Mary, grapher, died, aged 45. queen of Scots, assassinated in her presence. 1810. London rendered impassable for His skillful performance of the national several hours by a heavy rain. melodies of Scotland, tended not a little 1811. Battle of Pombal, in Portugal, in to their general improvement with the which the French were defeated with the higher classes. loss of 470, by the British. 1609. WILLIAM WARNER, an English 1812. JOHN HENRY'S plot to dismember poet, died; author of.lbi/n's Engrand. the Union disclosed to congress. Henry 13 98 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 9 received $50,000 public money for dis- 1776. ELIAs CATHERINE FRERON, a French closing it, and sailed immediately for litterateuer, died. He was the constant France. subject of Voltaire's satire, who called him 1814. Battle of Laon, in which Napoleon the tyrant, rather than the king of literawas defeated by Marshal Blucher. ture. 1822. EDWARD DANIEL CLARKE, profes- 1776. The British soldiery, contrary to sor of mineralogy at Cambridge and a ce- orders, plundered Boston. lebrated traveler and tourist, died. 1783. ANTHONY LOYDI, a farmer of Amez1823. JOHN HENRY VAN SWINDEN, a Dutch quet, Spain, died, aged 114. He had never philosopher, died. He was an author on been sick until a few days before his death, various subjects, and a man of great erudi- always abstained from wine and tobacco, tion. and retained his senses, his teeth and hair 1825. ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD, an Eng- until he died. lish authoress of great reputation in her 1785. N. SABLIER, an eminent French day, died. She was early taught the author, died at Paris. languages, and became distinguished for 1789. The city of London brillantly ilher learning. She retained great vigor of luminated on account of the convalescence mind and body to the extreme age of 90. of the king. 1834. Snow fell at Rome, the first event 1792. JOHN, earl of Bute, died. He of the kind on record in 240 years. (See was made prime minister of England, March 25, 1595.) from which he voluntarily retired to enjoy 1840. GEORGE GLEIG died at Stirling, a life of learned leisure. Scotland, aged 87; distinguished for more 1797. The city of Albany made the cathan half a century as a scholar, critic, pital of the state of New York. metaphysician and theologian. 1797. Delaware county, in the state of 1847. Battle of Vera Cruz. New York, erected. 1812. BONAPARTE issued a decree denationalizing all flags that should submit to MARCH 10. the British orders in council. 1813. Action at night in Chesapeake bay 222. HELIOGABALUS, emperor of Rome, between the United States schooner Adeline assassinated. He was a cruel, vindictive and the British schooner Lottery; the latand licentious tyrant. ter it is supposed was sunk. 1333. LADISLAUS III of Poland died. He 1819. FREDERICK HENRY JACOBI, a Geroppressed the people till they revolted and man philosophical writer, died. placed Wenceslaus upon the throne. On 1820. BENJAMIN WEST, the painter, died the death of the latter he was reinstated at London, aged 82. He was born at and governed with justice and moderation. Springfield, Penn., 1738. The first indica1668. JOHN DENHAM, a British poet, died. tions of his genius were elicited at the age One of his poems, Cooper's Hill, is com- of seven years, by drawing the portrait of mended by the ablest critics. his sleeping sister in red and black ink. 1673. HENRIETTA COLIGNI, a French poet- He began painting as a profession at the ess of much celebrity, died. age of 18, and four years after'went to 1683. The first council and assembly of England. He was subsequently induced Pennsylvania met at Chester. The session by Sir Joshua Reynolds to take up his occupied 22 days. residence in London, where he acquired a 1686. JAMES II granted a general pardon reputation seldom attained, and at the time to many of his subjects, excepting among of his death was president of the Royal others the girls of Taunton who gave a academy. Bible and sword to Monmouth. James 1826. JOHN PINKERTON, an eminent and never favored the Bible. voluminous Scottish author, died at Paris, 1726. The Lyford giant born; when five aged 68. years of age he could lift one hundred 1829. The William and Anne, a British weight with one hand. trading vessel, wrecked at the mouth of 1736. WILLIAM COSBY, captain general Columbia river, on the north-west coast of and commander in chief of the province America, and the whole crew, 16 Europeans of New York, died, almost universally de- and 10 Sandwich islanders, murdered by tested. the natives. 1774. WILLIAM BROWNE, an English 1833. SAMUEL TUCKER, an American rephysician, died. The active part he took volutionary commodore, died at Bremen, in the contest against the licentiates, oc- Maine. He was distinguished as a brave casioned his being.introduced by Foote and able commander, and at the time of into his play of the Devil upon Two Sticks. his death, was supposed to have been, He is distinguished by many lively essays next to Lafayette, the highest surviving in English and Latin prose and verse. officer of the revolution. March 10.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 99 1855. JAMES BROWN, an eminent book- 1809. HANNAH COWLEY died, aged 66. publisher of Boston, Mass., died, aged 55. She was born at Tiverton, England, and He not only was eminent in his profession, distinguished as a poetress, and a dramatic but possessed the taste and spirit of a writer. scholar. 1811. Badajos in Spain surrendered to 1855. CARLOS, the claimant of the Span- the French under Soult. About 9,000 ish throne from the time of the death of prisoners were taken, 170 cannon, 80,000 Ferdinand in 1833, died at Trieste, where quintals of gunpowder, a large quantity of he was known as the conde de Molina. infantry cartridges,and two complete bridge 1855. The college building at Prince- equipages. ton, N. J., known as Nassau hall, was des- 1812. PHILIP JAMES DE LOUHTERBOURG, a troyed by fire. It was built in 1756. and distinguished landscape painter, died at in the Revolutionary war was used for London. He was born at Strasburgh, 1740, barracks, by both the British and Ameri- and studied under Casanova. He gained cans. considerable reputation by his paintings at Paris, after which he went over to EngMARCH 11. land. Here he got up under the name of Eidophusikon, a novel and highly ingeni1302. The marriage of RoMEo MoNToc- ous exhibition, displaying the changes of cnio with JULIET CAPELLETTO was solemn- the elements and their phenomena, in a ized at the church of the Minorites, at calm, a moonlight, a sunset and a storm at' Citadella. These were Shakespeare's Romeo sea. and Juliet. 1813. Action off Surinam river between 1444. The university of Paris issued a the United States privateer schooner Gen. circular addressed to all the French clergy, Armstrong, 18 guns, and a British 24 gun. expressing the opinion of the church, that frigate. The privateer sustained the attack thefeast offools, about the calends of Janu- 45 minutes within pistol shot, and sucary, was a well imagined institution, con- ceeded in escaping with the loss of 6 killed nected with Christianity, and that those and 16 wounded. who attempted to suppress it should be 1848. HENRY WHEATON, an American curst and excommunicate. statesman, philanthropist and classic writ1513. JOHN MEDICI elected pope and as- er, died at Roxbury, Mass. sumed the title of Leo X. From his grave 1856. President RIVAS, of Nicarauga, deappearance it was often said he seemed clared war against Costa Rica. never to have been a child. 1544. Birthday of TORQUATO TASSO, styled the prince of Italian poets. MARCH 12. 1669. The memorable eruption of Mount Etna began at sunset. 1470. Battle of Erpingham, in England, 1722. JOHN TOLAND, a very famous Eng- and defeat of the rebels under Sir Robert lish political, polemical and miscellaneous Welles. writer and antiquary, died at Putney. 1507. C2ESAR BORGIA killed by a cannon 1732. PETER CHIRAC, a French author shot before the castle of Biano. He was and physician to the king, died. the natural son of Pope Alexander VI, and 1732. KouLI KHAN, usurped the Persian by him invested with the purple. He was throne. a man of such conduct and character that 1738. It was ascertained that 12,000 Machiavel has thought fit to propose him, persons were convicted in London in a few in his famous book, called The Prince, as a months for selling gin without a license, pattern to all princeswho would act the part and 3,000 paid a fine of ~10 rather than be of wise and polite tyrants. He allowed no committed to the house of correction. one to stand in his way to promotion from 1744. Action off Toulon between part of any scruples to removing them by the the British fleet under Matthews and Les- foulest means. tock, and the combined French and Span- 1578. ALEXANDER PICCOLOMINI died; auish fleets. thor of dramatic and other pieces. He was 1797. Two discharged servants informed the first who used the Italian language in the police that Ladies Buckinghamshire, philosophical subjects, Luttrel and Stuart played faro, in conse- 1581. WILLIAM FULKE preached a serquence of which their ladyships were fined. mon within the tower of London in the 1800. The Royal institution of London hearing of such obstinate papists as were for the promotion of the fine arts held there imprisoned. their first sitting,. 1612. The third charter of Virginia 1808. Franklin, Chatauque, Cattaraugus granted, by which new privileges and imand Niagara counties in the state of New munities were given for the encouragement York, erected. of the colony. 100 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 12. 1664. CHARLES II, of England, granted ed the Piave, having defeated the Austo his brother the duke of York, all Mat- trians who opposed their passage. tawacks, now Long Island; all Hudson's 1801. The British fleet sailed from Abouriver, and all the lands from the west side kir bay, Egypt, and the army under Aberof Connecticut river to the east side of Del- crombie, having effected their landing, aware bay, together with the royalties and took up their line of march for Alexanrights of government. dria. 1676. Action between the French fleet 1807. British order in council, interdictunder Duquesne, and the Spanish and ing all trade between port and port in Dutch fleets under De Ruyter, who was France. mortally wounded. 1809. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IV, king of 1682. Chelsea hospital, England, found- Sweden, dethroned, and the reigns of the ed. government assumed by his uncle the duke 1683. The first assembly of Pennsylva- of Sudermania, afterwards Charles XIII. nii was holden at Philadelphia, two years (By some authorities, March 15.) from the time that Penn obtained the 1811. The French under Massena Atcharter. tacked at Redinha, Portugal, by the duke 1697. LUDOVICK MUGGLETON, a schism- of Wellington, and compelled to fall back. atic English tailor, died. He entertained 1813. Warren county, N. Y., erected. notions peculiar to himself, and damned 1814. The allied British and Portuguese, all who differed from him. He was pil- under Marshal Beresford, took possesion loriedand imprisoned, and his books burnt of Bordeaux in France, in the name of by the hangman. Louis XVIII. 1703. AUBREY DE VERE died. His fa- 1819. ROBERT WATT, author of the Bibther was the valiant Robert de Vere, who liotheca Britacnnica, died. His family were married the daughter of a Friesland boor, severe sufferers by the failure of Constable named Beatrix Van Hemims. He was & Co., of Edinburgh. lord of the bed chamber to Charles I; was 1837. M. DE PRADT, archbishop of Mafound so passive under Cromwell, that he lines, died at Paris, aged 78. He bore a escaped even the fine; conformed to the conspicuous part in the political history of manners of the court of Charles II; went France, was often employed in important over from James II to William the con- missions, and was the author of many poqueror; and was graceful in old age at the litical publications. court of Queen Anne. He had been privy 1843. LITTLETON HUNT, aged 107, died councilor to each of these sovereigns, and at Guinett, Ga. When a soldier of the rewas hereditary lord chamberlain, senior volutionary army he was severely wounded knight of the garter, and premier earl of at the battle of Eutaw springs. England. 1844. EDWARD R. SHUBRICK, a brave and 1713. STEELE commenced his paper The accomplished American naval officer, died Guardian. on board his ship, the Columbia, off the 1716. ISAAC BRIAND was fined ~2000 by coast of Brazil, aged 50. the court of aldermen, London, for marry- 1846. JONATHAN ELLIOT, a well known ing Miss Elizabeth Watson, an orphan of newspaper editor and political writer, died 13 years of age and a great fortune, without at Washington, D. C. their consent. 1854. HUGH MACPHERSON died, aged 86; 1761. The shock of an earthquake felt for 61 years professor of Greek at the uniin Massachusetts and the adjoining states, versity of Aberdeen. at half past two in the morning. 1857. Rail road accident on the Great 1768. Six students of Edmund hall, Ox- Western railway in Canada, by which a ford, were expelled the university for great number of persons were killed at a methodism. Their crime was praying, bridge over the Des Jardins canal. expounding the scriptures and singing 1857. JOHN JOHNSON, an old revolutionpsalms. ary soldier, died in Alleghany township, 1772. Montgomery (originally Tyron) Westmoreland county, Penn., aged 103. county, N. Y., erected. He served in the continental army during 1775. The earl of Effingham resigned the whole of the revolutionary war; fought his command in a regiment ordered to at the battles of the White plains, Trenton, America. He refused to bear arms against Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown,lonhis fellow subjects in the colonies. mouth, Stony point, Guilford court house, 1780. The British garrison at Mobile, and Yorktown where Lord Cornwallis Capt. Durnford, capitulated to the Spani- capitulated and surrendered to Gen. Washards under Don Bernardo de Galvez. The ington, in all the battles and skirmishes garrison consisted of 284 regulars, 54 in- of Gen. Anthony Wayne; and at the stormhabitants and 51 armed Indians. ing of Stony point by Wayne, he formed 1797. The French under Serrurier cross- one of theforlorn hope. March 13.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 101 MARCH 13. terized by a faithfulness to nature, and are totally unaffected. 565. BELISARIUs, a distinguished Roman 1695. PETER MIGNARD, an eminent general, died. He is memorable for his French painter, died. He was director signal and momentous victories, and for and chancellor of the royal academy of his misfortunes. He was degraded to beg painting. alms at the gates of Constantinople by the 1717. JOHN BELL, the traveler, arrived at ungrateful emperor Justinian, to whom Ispahan, the residence of the Persian court, he had rendered the most important ser- being in the retinue of the Russian ambasvices. sador, in the quality of physician. They 1470. Battle near Stamford, England, in were nearly two years on their journey which Edward IV gained an important from St. Petersburgh. victory over his adversaries. 1726. MICHAEL BERNARD VALETINT, a 1493. COLUMBUS arrived at Palos, from German botanist and professor of medihis first voyage of discovery. cine at Giessen, died. He was an author 1519. CORTEZ, on his expedition for the on both sciences. conquest of Mexico, landed at the mouth 1775. GEORGE III gave his assent to the of the river Tabasco, and prepared to at- act restraining the commerce of New Jertack the town of the same name, in which sey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and about 12,000 warriors had assembled. Call- South Carolina. ing upon St. Jago, he fell upon the Indians, 1778. CHARLES LE BEAU, an eminent who were repulsed. French scholar, died. He was professor of 1521. MAGELLAN discovered the Phillip- belles lettres at Paris, and author of a ine islands, on one of which he was killed history of the lower empire, in 22 vols. by the natives. 1779. KERIM KHAN, king of Persia, died 1573. MICHAEL DE L'HOSPITAL, chan- a natural death, an extraordinary circumcellor of France, died. He was distin- stance in the modern history of that counguished for the ability, integrity and mild- try. He was of the family of an obscure ness of his administration, which was cast tribe of robbers, the Zund9 of Kirdistan. in the midst of turbulence and faction. 1781. HERSCHEL discovered the planet 1604. ARNAUD D'OSSAT, a celebrated which bears his name, then the most disFrench cardinal and statesman, died. tant of allthe known planets, its revolution His Despatches is highly recommended to round the sun occupying a period of not the ambassador who hopes to succeed in less than 83 of our years. He had devohis object. ted 18 months in surveying the heavens 1614. BARTHOLOMEW LEGAT burnt at star by star, with a seven feet reflector Smithfield for the heresy of Arianism, when he made the discovery of this priunder the reign of James I. mary planet. 1676. Attack on Groton, Mass., by a body 1798. The body of a hair dresser at Newof 400 Indians, who had concealed them- port, England, was buried in the highway; selves as usual in every part of the town reason assigned, his gluttonous eating, during the night, in order to shoot down whereof he died. the inhabitants as they issued from their 1799. A fire broke out at Constantinople doors. The town was gathered into five which destroyed 1300 houses, including garrisons, as those houses were called the hotels of the British minister, and which were palisaded and otherwise pro- Austrian internuncio, and several other tected from assault. Every man went magnificent edifices. constantly armed; and thus on a moment's 1801. Battle near Lake Maadie in Egypt, warning, two of the enemy having been between the British and French forces, in accidentally discovered, pursuit was made which the former were the greatest sufferuntil they were drawn into an ambush ers, losing 143 killed and 946 wounded. and compelled to retreat. Another am- 1808. CHRISTIAN VII of Denmark, died. bush in the meantime fell upon.the oppo- He may be said to have been virtually site part of the town, and the flames arose dead for many years. from every unprotected building. Having 1813. EDWARD LONG died. During a pillaged every thing that fell in their way, residence in the West Indies he collected and cast every indignity upon the bodies materials for his History of Jamaica, in 3 of their victims, they gave the garrison vols. quarto. It contains a large mass of two or three volleys and disappeared. valuable information, and many spirited About 40 dwellings were burnt, with their delineations of colonial scenery and manouthouses; the town soon after broke up, ners. He returned to England and spent and the inhabitants scattered to other set- the remainder of his long life in literary tlements of greater safety. pursuits. 1695. JOHN DE LA FONTAINE, the French 1815. The allied powers engaged to aid poet, died. His compositions are charac- Louis XVIII and declared Bonaparte to 102 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 13. be without the pale of social and civil re- prince of Wales; and his Fleming followlations. ers carried hand-guns, which is the first 1815. General JACKSON having received account of them in England. the ratification of the treaty of peace, re- 1519. FERNANDO CORTEZ, having taken voked his order relative to martial law, possession of the Indian town of Tabasco ordered a final cessation of hostilities, and on the day of his landing in the country granted a general pardon for all military of Mexico, now marched out with his offences. The British took with them 199 troops to a plain, where he was attacked by negroes. an immense body of Indians, who wound1824. SOPHIA LEE, an English dramatic ed above seventy of his soldiers at the writer and poetess, died, aged 74. The first discharge of their weapons. The profits of her comedy of the Chapter of Spanish artillery did great execution, but ~.ecidentf, were of great benefit to herself when the cavalry came to the charge, and sisters. the Indians, imagining the horse and rider 1835. A remarkable eruption of Vesu- to be one, were extremely terrified, and vius took place. fled to the woods and marshes, leaving 1845.' JOHN FREDERICK DANIEL, who con- the field to the Spaniards. tributed so much to lighting the cities of 1640. MANASSES DE PAS died; a French Europe with gas, died of apoplexy general, distinguished for his valor. His while attending a meeting of the royal so- abilities were equally displayed in the cabciety, in London. inet, as ambassador to the courts of Swe1848. AMBROSE SPENCER died at Lyons, den and Germany. He died of the Wayne co., N. Y.; one of those jurists wounds he received at the siege of Thiwho gave such a preeminence to the su- onville. preme court of the state of New York. 1644. ROGER WILLIAMS having been 1852. Ninety-five Americans who were sent to England as agent for Rhode Island engaged in the Lopez expedition against and Providence, obtained of the earl of Cuba, and captured and sent to Spain, ar- Warwick a patent for the incorporation of rived in New York, having been pardoned the towns of Providence, Newport and by the queen and sent home. Portsmouth, with the power of govern1853. The funeral of Madame RASPAIL, at ing themselves, but subject to the laws of Paris was the occasion of a formidable so- England. cialist demonstration; 40,000 persons 1660. WILLIAM LEDRA, a quaker, hanged marching in procession to Pere la Chaise. by the puritans of Massachusetts, on con1854. A convention signed between Eng- viction of having returned from banishland, France and Turkey, against Russia. ment, to which he had been condemned 1855. The floor of the new town hall, for his faith. at Meredith, N. H., gave way, while 800 1676. Attack on Northampton, Mass., persons were present attending an election; by a body of Narraganset Indians, of Phi300 were precipitated below, several killed lip's party. The town had been fortified and a large number had their bones bro- by palisades, set up a little while before for ken. their better security against the savages. The Indians broke through these in three places, and succeeded in killing six perMARCH 14. sons and firing a few dwellings; but a company of soldiers being at that time 1262. HUGO DE ST. CARO, a Dominican, quartered in the town, the enemy were died. He deserves to be placed in the speedily repulsed with the loss of many of first rank of sacred critics and patrons of their lives. literature. The Dominicans are indebted 1710. MICHAEL BEGON, a French avocat, to him for their celebrated Correctorium died. He also distinguished himself in Bibliorium, and the first concordance of the the marines, and.as governor of the French Bible, that is of the Latin Vulgate; a com- West India islands. ment on the old and new testament, and 1712. MARY, countess of Falconberg, for the division of the Bible into chapters. daughter of Oliver Cromwell, died. She He undertook to procure a union of the possessed great beauty, spirit and activity; Greek and Roman churches. and on the deposition of her brother, 1369. PETER THE CRUEL, king of Castile, exerted herself for the restoration of killed. He manifested the most wanton in- Charles II. humanity in his private and public life, by 1745. Fort Augustus blown up by the which he became odious to the people, and forces of the pretender to the crown of was killed by his brother. England. 1471. EDWARD IV of England returned 1754. PETER CLAUDE NIVELLE DE LA from exile, and landed at Ravenspur; in CHAUssE, an admired French poet, died. his bonnet he wore an ostrich feather as Though favored by fortune, he preferred March 14.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 103 the honors of literature to all other dis- 1823. General DUMOUIRIER, a name that tinctions, and acquired celebrity by his fills some interesting pages of modern hisdramatic pieces, which possess great merit. tory, died in his 85th year, at Turville 1757. JOHN BYNG shot at Portsmouth. park, near London. He served under his father admiral George 1835. Treaty with the Cherokee Indians, Byng, and rose to the same rank himself. by which they ceded all their lands east of His attempt to.relieve Fort St. Philip in the Mississippi, and agreed to retire to a Minorca proving abortive, when blockaded territory guarantied to them in Arkanby a French fleet under La.Glassionere, sas, in consideration of the sum of $5,262,and his hesitation in engaging the enemy 251. when a bold attack might perhaps have 1836. JOHN MAYNE, a Scotch poet, died gained him the victory, excited the clamor near London, at an advanced age. His of the nation against him, and he was chief poem is The Siller Gun, four cantos. doomed to meet the penalty of cowardice. 1854. Steam boat Reindeer burst a flue 1758. GENERAL WADE died. In 1715, at Cannelton, Indiana, by which 50 perhe commanded against the forces of the sons were killed. pretender to the throne, and remained in 1855. The new suspension bridge at Scotland as commander-in-chief after the Niagara falls crossed for the first time by a war was ended. It was during this period locomotive and train of cars. that he cut the celebrated military road through the highlands, which facilitated the improvement and civilization of the MARCH 15. country more than all the measures resorted to before the reign of George I. It was 44 B. c. CAIUS JULIUS CMESAR, the Rohe who introduced the bill into parliament man general, assissinated in the senate which disarmed and changed the dress of house. He perished at 5 o'clock in the the highlanders. afternoon by 23 wounds. As a soldier, he 1793. Battle of Tirlemont, in which the was unquestionably the greatest except prince of Saxe Coburg defeated the French one in the history of mankind; his charunder Dunnurier, who lost 33 cannon and acter as a citizen is variously stated by dif3,000 mea. ferent factions.' He is said to have fought 1795. Action off Genoa between the 500 battles, conquered 300 nations, taken British and French fleets, in which the 800 cities, defeated 3,000,000 men, and latter were defeated, with the loss of the slain 1,000,000 on the field of battle. Caira, 80 guns, 3,000 men, and the Cen- 35. LONGINUS, the penitent, who is said seur, 74 guns, 1,000 men. to have pierced the side of Christ, was 1799. WILLIAM MELMOTH died. He dis- killed at Cappadocia, probably in this tinguished himself as the translator of the year. Epistles of Pliny and Cicero, and was the - 1079. A reformation in the Persian calauthor of poems, letters and memoirs. endar effected by a general assembly of 1800. DAINES BARRINGTON, an English the Eastern astronomers. It is called the lawyer, antiquary, and miscellaneous wri- Gelalean era, but is only a renovation of ter, died. He abandoned his offices, which that of Zoroaster, which had been neghe discharged with great dignity, to de- lected after the fall of the Magian empire. vote himself to literary pursuits, which he 1527. Pope CLEMENT VII concluded a loved. His writings are numerous. treaty with Lannoy, viceroy of Naples, 1803. FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB KLOPSTOCK, which the duke of Bourbon disregarded, died. He was born at Quedlinburg, 1724; and marched for Rome. studied the languages, became familiar 1573. MICHAEL DE L'HOSPITAL died. with the classic writers, and formed the Few French statesmen were more liberal resolution of writing a great epic poem. than him. He narrowly escaped the BarIn 1745 he studied theology at Jena, where tholomew massacre, and his daughter, who he commenced in solitude the first canto had embraced the reformed religion was of The Messiah. This work he finished saved by the widow duchess of Guise, who about 1790. It procured him great celeb- concealed her. rity in the north of Europe, so that he was 1617. THOMAS EGERTON, an eminent and received with great respect and veneration learned English lawyer, died. He was wherever he went. His funeral was at- chancellor under James I. tended by the principal men of Hamburg, 1655. THEODORE MAYERNE, an eminent in 126 carriages. physician, died. He was born in Switzer1813. Delaware river blockaded by the land, studied in France, and settled in British ships Poictiers, Belvidere, &c. England in the service of James I, where 1813. On this and the preceding day he died. snow and hail of a red color, with much 1660. Dr. WREN, bishop of Ely, released red dust and red rain fell over all Tuscany. after fifteen years' imprisonment. 104 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 15. 1665. JAMES, duke of York, established 300 killed and several hundred prisat Gunfleet the first regular system of na- oners. val warfare in England. 1840. JAMES RILEY, an American sea 1672. The famed act of indulgence, captain, died at sea, aged 63. He is well passed by Charles II, containing a clause known as the author of Riley's Narrative, for liberty of conscience. which contains an account of his captivity 1743. JOHN BAPTIST MOLINIER died; a and sufferings in Northern Africa. distinguished preacher and theologial wri- 1856. The steam ferry boat, New Jersey,' ter of Toulouse. while crossing the Delaware from Philadel1754. DENYS FRANCIS SECOUSSE, alearned phia to Camden, took fire and a large numFrenchman, died. He was one of the first ber of persons perished. pupils of Rollin, and left the bar for the study of literature. 1781. Battle of Guilford court house, in MARCH 16. North Carolina, in which 4,400 Americans, principally militia, under Gen. Greene, 404 B. c. Athens was taken by Lywere defeated by 2,400 British regulars un- sander and the tyranny of the 30 comder Cornwallis. Loss of the Americans menced. 400 killed; British loss 532 killed. 37. CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO TIBERIUS, 1784. THOMAs FRANKLIN, an English emperor of Rome, died. On his accession scholar and divine, died. He was pos- to the throne, he gave promise of a wise sessed of no inconsiderable share of learn- and happy reign, but soon became unreing and poetical abilities, and was long a strained in his conduct, and after a reign of favorite in the literary world; translated 23 years, died in odium with the people. Sophocles, Phalaris, Lucian and Voltaire, 455. FLAVIUS PLACIDUS VALENTINIAN, emand is the author of a comedy and two peror of Rome, assassinated. He was a tragedies, which were received with great profligate and licentious ruler. applause. 1190. The Jews of York lawlessly mas1798. Chenango co., N. Y., erected; and sacred for their wealth by the citizens. the following year (1799) Oneida was 1286. ALEXANDER III king of Scotland, formed. killed. He succeeded his father, Alexan1804. The Duke D'ENtHIEN seized by a der II, at the age of eight years. An enparty of French cavalry and hurried away terprising and virtuous ruler; he introduced to Paris, where he was tried in the night many good regulations of government, by a military tribunal, and condemned on and under his sway the country seems to vague and unsubstantial charges of carry- have enjoyed a tranquility to which she ing on a correspondence with the enemies had long been a stranger. As he was ridof the republic, and shot immediately. ing in a dark night between Bruntisland 1809. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IV, king of and Ringhorn, on the banks of the frith of Sweden, arrested and deprived of his Forth, he was thrown with his horse over functions of goverment. (By some author a precipice and killed on the spot. ities, March 12.) 1532. JOHN BOURCHIER died at Calais 1818. HECTOR MCNEIL, a most deserv- in France, of which he was the English edly popular poet of Scotland, died. Scot- governor. He translated Froissart's Chronland's Scaith or the Waes of War, met icle into English with the unprecedented sale of 10,000 1621. The Plymouth colonists received copies in one month. the first Indian visit to their town. This 1820. Maine entered the confederacy of was Samoset, sagamore of a country the United States. lying five days' journey from thence, 1823. JOHN JERvIs, earl of St. Vincent, called Patuxet. He informed the English an English admiral died, aged 90. He en- that all the inhabitants had died of an extered the navy at the age of 10, and grad- traordinary plague about four years before, ually arose to the highest rank, and was anA that there was neither man, woman or raised to the peerage. His courage, skill child remaining. Of course there was no and activity rendered him an admirable one to dispute their possession. officer. 1649. An army of 1000 Iroquois armed 1838. The city of Bahia, in Brazil, ta- with guns fell upon the Huron village at ken from the rebels or insurgents, by the the eastern extremity of the lake, and imperial troops, with loss of blood on both nearly massacred the entire population. sides. The rebels fired the city; about The Hurons defended themselves bravely, 3000 of them were taken prisoners. but were forced to yield before the fire 1839. Battle of Tuspan; the Mexi- arms and superior numbers of the Iroquois, ican government troops, (Centralists) under who lost more than a hundred of their Gen. Cos,defeated at Tuspan by the Feder- best warriors. The French missionaries, alists under Gen. Mexia, with a loss of Brebeuf and Lallemant, who labored with March 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 105 the Hurons, were taken, and suffered death larly by. his architectural knowledge and by torture. genius, was an associate of the royal acad1660. The long parliament dissolved by emy, and patronized by Sir Joshua Reyits own act. nolds. 1675. Under a pair of stairs in the tower 1810. On a pane of glass at an inn near of London two bodies were found, sup- London, uider this date, is the following posed to be those of Edward V and his inscription. "Thomas Mount Jones dined brother, whom their uncle Richard II1 mur- here, ate six pounds bacon, and drank dered nearly two hundred years before. nineteen pots beer." It is a question for 1680. The first assembly of New Hamp- discussion, whether in this frail memorial, shire met at Portsmouth; John Cutts first the love of distinction and desire for fame president. were not as great as the love of brutal 1689. The Habeas corpus act suspended gluttony. for the first time in England. 1813. Captain BERRESFORD of the Brit1691. JACOB LEISLER, who had exer- ish ship Poictiers, 74 guns, demanded of cised the office of governor of New York the inhabitants of Lewistown, Delaware, nearly two years by the election of the 25 oxen and vegetables and hay, otherfreeholders and the consent of the British wise he threatened to destroy the town. ministry, was barbarously executed by The demand was refused. some malcontents, as a traitor. 1817. WILLIAM THOMPSON, an industri1738. Captain JENKINS, the master of a ous Scottish writer and compiler, died. Scottish ship, exhibited his ear in a piece He possessed ability, but his writings bear of cotton, which he affirmed had been torn the marks of haste and want of care. off by a guarda costa. This is alluded to 1838. NATHANIEL BOWDITCH died at by Burke as the fable of Capt. Jenkins. Boston, aged 65. His father and ancestors 1751. JAMES MADISON, fourth president in several generations were by profession of the United States, born. shipmasters. Notwithstanding the very 1781. Action off cape Henry between the limited advantages of his education, and British fleet, admiral Arbuthnot, and French his laborious employment through life for fleet under d'Estouches. Both sides claimed the support of his family, yet by his extrathe victory. British loss, 30 killed and ordinary genius and economy of time, he 73 woumad. made great acquisitions in learning and 1781. French surrendered the island of science, gained most of the languages, and St. Barthoiomews to the British. made himself the most eminent mathe1782. Action off cape Spartel, between matician and astronomer that America has British frigate Success and Spanish frigate produced. He published the Practical Santo Catalina, 34 guns. The latter was Navigator, a standard book; but the great captured, having 25 killed. British loss 1. work on which his fame will rest, is the 1792. GusTAvus III,king of Sweden, shot copious and profound commentary upon by Count Ankerstroem at a masquerade. the Mechanique Celeste of La Place, of 1795. CLAUSEL, adjutant general of the which he made the first entire translation, army of the Eastern Pyrennes, presented and published at his own expense in 4 vols. to the national convention 25 pairs of col- quarto; saying that he preferred spending ors and a standard taken from the Span- a thousand dollars a year in that way to iards at Figuieres. keeping a carriage. 1797. Battle of Cainin in Italy. The 1853. ANTHONY DUMOND STANLEY, an French under Murat passed the Taglia- American mathematician, died, aged mento and attacked the Austrians, who 42. Profoundly versed in the science, he were driven from the village, where the had begun a series of works which would archduke had established his head quarters. have placed his name high on the scroll of 1799. JOHN DUSSAULX died. He distin- fame. guished himself in the war of Hanover under Richelieu, after which he devoted himself to literary pursuits. He took part MARCH 17. in the French revolution, and was among the 73 proscribed deputies. 49 B. c. POMPEY abandoned Italy, and 1799. A portion of the pavement in took the sea with his legions, at Brunfront of the Royal exchange, London, sud- dusium. denly sunk and a well of water was discov- 45 B. c. Battle of Munda, in Spain, beered which had not been used in 600 years. tween the armies of Caesar and Pompey, 1802. A military institution established which decided the fate of the Roman reby government at West Point, which was public. These men did not consider the the origin of the present academy there. Roman empire sufficiently large for two of 1808. JOSBPH BONOMI, an Italian artist, died them. at London. He was distinguished particu- 180. MARCUs AURELIUS ANTONINUS, sur14 106 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 17. named the philosopher, died on an expe- the present family on the throne, and of dition against the Marcomanni. He was so which he wrote the history. extremely popular with his Roman sub- 1740. Mrs. STEVENS received ~5,000 from jects, that they placed him among the the English parliament for making public gods, and kept his statue in their houses. her medicine for the stone. 464. ST. PATRICK, the tutelar saint of 1741. JOHN BAPTIST ROUSSEAU, an emiIreland, died. He was carried away with nent French poet, died. He possessed a many of his father's vassals by pirates, fine genius, but an unhappy temper emfrom whom he made his escape to Gaul bittered his life by stimulating him to and Italy. He received a commission from abuse those whose friendship would have Pope Celestine to convert the Irish to procured.him a place above dependence. Christianity, in which mission he was emi- 1767. Birthday of ANDREW JACKSON, nently successful. seventh president of the United States. 807. A large spot noticed upon the sun's 1776. Boston evacuated by the British. disc, which continued there eight days. By four in the morning the king's troops, 1072. ADALBERT, archbishop of Bremen, with those Americans who were attached died. He became very powerful in Den- to the royal cause, began to embark, and mark, and even obliged the king to divorce before ten all of them were under sail. As his wife Gutha, because she was somewhat the rear embarked, General Washington allied to him. Though intriguing and vio- marched into the city, where he was joylent, he possessed some good qualities, and fully received as a deliverer. The British formed many wise regulations in civil and left 250 cannon and 25,000 bushels of ecclesiastical affairs. wheat. 1562. DIEGO ESQUIVEL ALAVA, a learned 1781. JOHANNES EVALD died: the most Spanish bishop, died. He was at the Coun- distinguished poetical genius of Denmark, oil of Trent, and published a work on in the eighteenth century. Being left to councils. his own reading by his tutor, his imagina1565. ALEXANDER ALES, a Scottish theo- tion was captivated with Tom Jones and logian, died. He first opposed the tenets Robinson Crusoe. Proposingto himself the of Luther, but afterwards embraced them, lattei hero for a model, he eloped at the and suffered persecution. He wrote com- age of thirteen with a view of proceeding mentaries on-some of the books of the old to Batavia, but was overtaken, and his and new testament. project frustrated. He next conceived the 1632. Treaty of St. Germain, by which scheme of entering the Prussian army, and Canada and Nova Scotia were restored to enlisted at Magdeburg; but being received the French. The capture of Quebec was only as a foot soldier, instead of a hussar, unknown at the time peace was re-estab- he deserted to the Austrians. On quitting lished, or perhaps those territories would the army he devoted himself to the study not have been so generally given up. of theology, but having suddenly become 1634. THOMAS RANDOLPH, an English poet, violently enamored with a young lady, died. He was the friend of Jonson, and who regardless of his passion, bestowed his works have been several times re- her hand on another, a permanent melanprinted. choly settled upon his mind, and under 1640. PILIP MASSINGER, an English dra- this influence he took up his pen. His matic poet, died. Some of his comedies first work Fortune's Temple, a vision, at once still keep the stage. He was courted by stamped his reputation. In 1772 he exethe wits and learned men of his time. cuted his literary chef-d'oeuvre, Balder's 1657. An offensive and defensive league Dtid, a drama of extraordinary poetical concluded between France and England. beauty, and greatly superior to anything 1676. Warwick, R. I., destroyed by the which had then appeared in the Danish Indians. ) Only one house was left unburnt. language. His after life was embittered by 1677. Valenciennes, in France, taken by poverty and sickness; and it was under assault by the army under Louis XIV, in the hospitable roof of Madame Skou that person. he breathed his last, after having been 1681. The members of the English par- confined to his bed or armchair two years, liament from London came to Oxford, the and almost deprived of the use of his place of their meeting, armed and with limbs. ribbons on their hats inscribed with " No 1782. DANIEL BERNOUILLI, a German phipopery, no slavery." losopher, died. He studied medicine as a 1695. AUGUSTIN LUBIN, an Augustine profession, but was at the same time enfriar, died. He was geographer to the gaged with mathematics. At the age of French king, and author of various works. twenty-four, he was offered the presidency 1715. GILBERT BURNET, bishop of Salis- of an academy at Genoa, but gave the prebury, died. He was a zealous promoter of ference to an invitation from St. Petersthe revolution in England, which placed burgh. He returned to Basle in 1733, March 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 107 where he spent the remainder of his days, society, and published several valuable so much respected by the inhabitants, that works on natural history and botany. to bow to Daniel Bernouilli, when met in 1843. GEORGE TURNER, aged 93, died at the street, was one of the first lessons Philadelphia. He was a native of England, which every father gave his children. but joining the American revolutionary 1790. The government of France issued army, he distinguished himself in many assignats to the amount of 170,000,000 severe actions and endeared himself to francs. This system of assignats, while it Gen. Washington. gave more strength to the public, yet was 1849. -WILLIAM II, king of Holland, died. the source of more private suffering than 1855. The French and Russians at Seany other measure during the French revo- bastopol contended fiercely for the rifle pits lution. which the latter had established between 1793. Battle of Neerwinden, or Linden, the French advance and the Mamelon. between the French under Dumourier, and the Austrians under Coburg and Clarifayt. MARCH 18 Dumourier was obliged to retreat. 1794. French sloop Avenger, 16 guns, 251. ST. CYRIL, archbishop of Jerusalem, taken by Admiral Jervis's squadron off died. Martinique. 979. EDWARD THE MARTYR), ied. He 1795. A number of the Parisians com- was the son of Edgar, and succeeded his plained to the national convention of the father as king of England at the age of 15. scarcity of bread in Paris. The young king paid little attention to any 1798. THOMAS JACKSON, an English actor, thing but the chase; and hunting one day, died. His epitaph is ingenious: " Sacred he got separated from his attendants, and to the memory of Thomas Jackson, come- repaired to Corfe castle, where his stepdian, who was engaged 21st December, mother, Elfrida, resided. Having procured 1741, to play a comic cast of characters in the a draught of liquor, he was drinking it great theatre, the world; for many of on horseback, when one of Elfrida's serwhich he was prompted by nature to excel. vants gave him a deep stab behind. He The seasoi being ended, his benefit over, immediately spurred his horse, but faintthe chargs all paid, his account closed, he ing from loss of blood, was dragged in the made hi~ exit in the tragedy of Death on the stirrup till he died. The pity caused by 17th of arch, 1798, in assurance of being his innocence and misfortune induced the called once more to rehearsal, where he people to regard him as a martyr. hopes to find his forfeits all cleared, his cast 1350. In the national roll of accounts for of parts bettered, and his situation made glazing St. Stephen's chapel, Westminster, agreeable by him who paid the great stock Edward III ordained that. the wages for debt, for the love of peiformers in general." artists be from 5d per day to one shilling, 1799. The French army arrived before except for John Barnaby, his wages should St.. Jean d'Acre, and to their no small be twopence. chagrin and astonishment,.beheld the 1552. MAURICE of Saxony took up arms town prepared for a siege, and the English against the emperor Charles V. colors flying in the harbor. 1629. CHARLES JAMES, prince of Great 1800. The British ship Queen Charlotte, Britain, born, baptized and died. 110 guns, destroyed by an explosion off 1629. CHARLES I, of England, issued a Leghorn. More than 800 persons perished proclamation that he would account it prewith her. sumption in any one to prescribe a time 1806. WILLIAM ROWLEY, an eminent Brit- for him to call a parliament. ish physician, died. He was a man of great 1635. PATRICK FORBES, a Scotch prelate, skill and experience in his profession, and died. He was a great and a good man; a his benevolence and humanity were con- benefactor particularly to Aberdeen unispicuous; yet was he one of the most ob- versity, of which he revived the professorstinate opponents to the introduction of ship of law, physic and divinity. vaccination as a preventive of small pox 1696. BONAVENTURE BARON, professor of that ever impeded the might of his au- divinity at Rome, died. He was a native thority to that experiment. of Ireland, but spent 60 years of his life in 1808. Rupture of the negotiation at Rome; and was a learned and-voluminous Washington between the British minister writer. and the American government. 1718. MARY WORTLEY MONTAGUE made 1811. Charles IV, of Sweden, resigned the first experiment of inoculation for the government of his kingdom in favor of small pox upon her own son at Belgrade, his adopted son, Bernadotte. in Turkey. It was tried in England upon 1828. JAMES EDWARD SMITH, an eminent criminals, with complete success, about English naturalist and physician, died. nine years after. This disease first made He was one of the founders of the Linnean its appearance at Mecca, where it is stated 108 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 18. to have destroyed the invading Ethiopian but being ridiculed by the profligate and army, and thus terminated in 360, what is the vicious, who rioted on the miseries of denominated the war of the elephant. the people, he retired from public life..1728. GEORGE STANHOPE, an able English 1796. Steuben county erected in south divine, died. His theological works were western New York. numerous and popular. 1797. Palma Nuova, a frontier town in 1741. Conflagration of the chapel and Italy, evacuated by the archduke Charles, buildings in the fort at New York, who had wrested it from the Venitians which waS followed immediately by the only ten days before. The French under negro plot. Bernadotte and Serrurier, on entering it 1745. ROBERT WALPOLE died, aged 69. found 30,000 rations of bread, and amillion He became heir to the family estate by the quintals of flour. death of his elder brother, and in the jovial 1805. BONAPARTE assumed the title of life of a country gentleman, soon lost his king of Italy. early inclination to literature. In 1700 he 1814. JOHN VINT, editor of the Isle of Man was returned to parliament, and warmly Gazette, and a distinguished philanthropist, espousing the whig interest, rose to a high died. promotion.in the offices of the government, 1817. An earthquake in Spain, Portuand in 1742, was created earl of Oxford, on gal, and Sicily, destroyed whole villages. his resignation of the premiership. He is 1817. CHARLES COMBE died; an eminent the reputed author of the saying that " all English physician and critic, and highly men have their price." distinguished as a medalist. 1754. The first theatre established in the 1836. ABATE'FEA, a celebrated archaeolocity of New York, closed with the Beggar's gist, died at Rome, aged 88. He is known Opera and the Devil to Pay, when the fol- as the translator of Winckelman. lowing notice appeared in the prints, which 1839. The Chinese imperial commissionmanagers now-a-days have little occasion er, Lin, issued a proclamation at Canton, to repeat: "Lewis Hallam, comedian, in- ordering the foreign opium dealers to detending for Philadelphia, begs the favor of liver up all the opium in their possession, those who have any demands against him to have it burnt and destroyed, and forbidto bring in their accounts and receive their ding its importation to all eternity, under money." pain of death. 1766. Stamp act repealed by the British 1840. Dr. PARISH, favorably known to government, reserving however, the right the medical world, died in Philadelphia. to make laws binding on the colonies in 1846. First steam boat arrived at Austin, all cases whatsoever. News of this repeal Texas. excited great joy in America, where it was 1846. WILLIAM M. CRANE, of the United celebrated bywthe ringing of bells, fire- States navy, died by his own hand. works and festivals. 1848. The emperor of Austria published 1768. LAURENCE STERNE, an eccentric by proclamation, at Milan, abolition of cenEnglish author and divine, died. His ro- sorship, and a convention of the states. mance of Tristram Shandy and the Senti- But the people wanting more, troubles mental Journey, are well known. began. 1775. British Gen. GAGE seized 13,425 1854. A terrible gale at Albany, N. Y.; musket cartridges and 3000 pounds of ball, fifty houses unroofed, many chimneys and all of it private property, stored on Boston walls blown down, and great damage done. Neck. 1856. HENRY POTTINGEN, lieutenant gene1776. The British troops having evacuat- ral in the East India company's service, ed Boston, Sir Archibald Campbell, un- died aged 67. He distinguished himself in aware of this movement, on entering the the Affghanistan war, and settled the opium harbor with 1700 men, was made prisoner difficulty with the Chinese. by Washington. 1856. The Cunard steamer Curlew, from 1780. Congress resolved to call in by Halifax, ran on a reef north of the Bermutaxes in one year and burn all the conti- das, and was lost, with a part of her mail. nental money emitted prior to that time, and to issue ten million dollars new money, redeemable in specie within six years. MARCH 19. 1781. ANNE ROBERT JAMES TURGOT, an eminent French statesman, died. He studi- 720. B. c. The first eclipse of the moon ed divinity, but his talents recommending on record (by Ptolemy) happened on this him to the notice of the government, he day. was appointed to a civil office, where he 478. B. c. The history of Herodotus terdisplayed so great ability that he was ap- minates with the siege of Sestos. pointed comptroller of the finances. His 235. ALEXANDER SEVERUS, emperor of measures were grand, liberal and useful: Rome, murdered by his soldiers. He was March 19.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 109 a Phoenician by birth, led an exemplary a-justly celebrated poem, of which Dryden life, and governed ably both in peace and says, for majesty of style is, and ever will war. be, the standard of good writing. 717. CHILPERIC, king of France, surpris- 1691. Col. HENRY STOUGHTER published ed in his camp, in the forest of Arden, by his commission from the Duke of York, the duke of Austrasia, afterwards Charles appointing him governor of the province Martel. of New York. 1355. Pressing for seamen to man the 1711. THOMAS KEN, chaplain to Charles English navy, commenced in the reign of II of England, died. He survived several Edward III. reigns, and in all, his firmness and consist1521. Insurrection and massacre in the ency, added to his piety and learning, proisland of Majorca, in the Mediterranean sea. cured him respect and patronage. 1584. IwAN IV, VASSILIVITZ, first czar of 1719. An extraordinary meteor seenfrom Muscovy, died. He was denominated by all parts of Great Britain about 8 o'clock in the Russians the terrible, and by foreign- the evening. Its light exceeded that of ers the tyrant. the sun at noon-day. It exploded over the 1621. The complaint against lord BACON sea near the coast of Britany, at an altifor corruption, drawn up by Sir Edward tude it is supposed of about 30,miles. It Coke and others, presented to the house of broke like a skyrocket into sparks of red lords. The chancellor was sick, but ad- fire, and was succeeded by a tremendous dressed a letter to his peers, requesting report. them not to prejudge his case from " any 1736. NICHOLAs HAWKSMOOR, died; an number of petitions against a judge that English architect of fame, pupil of Sir C. makes two thousand decrees and orders in Wren. a year; but that he may answer them ac- 1755. A cluster of houses in the village cording to the rules of justice, severally of Bergemoletto, near Piedmont, Italy, was and respectively." overwhelmed by two vast bodies of snow 1626. PETER COTON, a French Jesuit, that fell from the neighboring mountain. died. He was confessor to Henry IV, Three women, the only occupants of the whose confidence he possessed, and it was houses at the time of the catastrophy, were a common expression that the king was dug out alive seven days after. good but that he had cotton in his ears. 1759. NICHOLAS VERDIER, a French anaHewas distinguished for eloquence and zeal. tomist, died. His character as an author 1628. Patent for Massachusetts sold to and a man, are entitled to respect. Sir Henry Roswell, Sir John Young and 1781. CORNWALLIS retreated from Guil"four other associates in the vicinity of ford court house, where he had defeated Dorchester, England." Greene on the 15th; leaving at the quaker 1631. The original patent of Connecticut meeting house all the wounded Americans made by Robert, earl of Warwick, to Wil- he had taken, and about 70 wounded Britliam, Viscount Say and Seal, Robert lord ish officers. Brook and their associates. 1786. HUGH PELLISER, an English admi1643. Battle of Hopton-Heath, between ral, died. He was at the storming of Quethe forces of Charles I, and those of the bec; and at the battle of Ushant, 1778, on parliament, in which the latter were de- which occasion a dispute between him and feated with the loss of a great part of their admiral Keppel saved the French fleet artillery. from destruction. 1643. SPENCER COMPTON, the friend of 1788. FRANCIS JOSEPH DESBILLONS, a Charles I, killed at the battle of Hopton- French Jesuit, died. He devoted many Heath. He was the only son of William, years to study, and at the abolition iof his first earl of Northampton; and refusing to order published his Fables, and some other accept quarter, was despatched by the par- works, and left in manuscript a history of liament forces. the Latin tongue. 1687. DANIEL -GOOKIN died; for many 1796. STEPHEN STORACE, an English years superintendent of the Indians in music composer, died. His productions Massachusetts, whose interests he watched are confined to the drama, and are rewith so much zeal as to draw upon him- markable for their spirit. self the abuse of the populace, whose out- 1797. Gradisca, a strong town in Ausrages he constantly opposed. He publish- tria, capitulated to the French under Bered some historical collections of the In- nadotte and Serrurier; 3,000 prisoners, 60 dians in New England. cannon and 8 standards fell into the hands 1688. JOHN DENHAM, one of the minor of the French. British poets, died. He was born at Dub- 1801. NOVALIs, (the literary name aslin, in 1615, and first became known in sumed by Frederick Von Hardenberg,) 1641 by his tragedy of The Sophy. In 1643 died. He belonged to the religious society appeared his first addition of Cooper's Hill, of Hernhutters. 110 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 19. 1808. CHARLES IV, abdicated the throne I; but though romantically brave, was of Spain in favor of his son Ferdinand VII. always an unsuccessful commander. 1809. GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS IV, the de- 1687. SAMUEL PARKER, an English prelate, posed king of Sweden, signed a formal died. He was educated a puritan, but for deed of abdication. He assumed the title the reward of place, it is believed, became of count Gottorp. an anti-puritan and was made bishop of 1812. Constitution of the Cortez signed Oxford. He wrote a history of his own and proclaimed in Spain. times, which appeared in Latin and Eng1814. SIMON SNYDER, governor of Penn- lish. sylvania, rejected the bill establishing 40 1727. ISAAC NEWTON, the celebrated banks. It however became a law, two- philosopher and mathematician, died, aged thirds of the legislature having agreed to it. 84. He was so small and weak at the time 1814. Rheims, in France, taken by the of his birth, that his life was despaired of; Russians. and in his youth, his mother, finding him 1842. First newspaper at Flushing, Long of no service in the management of the Island. farm, sent him to finish his studies. From 1853. Nankin taken by the rebels; tile the success of his pursuits in after life, he Tartar garrison of 20,000 men massacred, has been styled the creator of natural phiexcept 100, who effected an escape. losophy. The last few years of his exist1853. Battle of Donabew, Burmah; the ence were spent in utter neglect of those British under Gen. Cheape defeated Mea studies which had engrossed fifty years of Toon. his life. 1855. An explosion took place in the 1730. ADRIENNE LA COUVREUR, a French Midlothian coal pits in Virginia; of fifty actress, died. She is one of the few of persons in the pits 35 were killed and 10 her profession whose reputation has surwounded beyond recovery. vived the age in which they lived. 1737. NICHOLAS HOOKER, gentleman, died at Conway, North Wales; celebrated as MARCH 20. being the forty-first child of his father; and being himself the father of twenty-seven 268. PUBLIUS GALLIENUS, emperor of children. His tombstone, attesting the Rome, assassinated at Milan. above facts, is to be found in the church1413. HENRY IV of England, died. He yard adjoining Conway castle. usurped the throne 1399, and thereby ex- 1741. PETER BURMAN the elder died. cited the civil war between the houses of He was professor of history and eloquence York and Lancaster, called the war of the at the university of Leyden, and published roses. editions of many of the Latin classics. 1516. BAPTIST SPAGNOLI, a general of the 1744. France declared war against EngCarmelites, died. He was a native of land. Mantua in Italy, and distinguished him- 1750. The first No. of the Rambler, by self by the sound and virtuous regulations Dr. Johnson, appeared. which he attempted to introduce among 1750. FREDERICK, prince of Wales, and the corrupted members of his order. His father of George III, died suddenly in his works have been published in 4 vols. 45th year. He died in the arms of his 1549. THOMAS SEYMOUR, lord high ad- violin player, who was playing for his miral of England, attainted and beheaded amusement. without being heard. His offence was 1767. FIRMIN ABAUZIT, a learned French alleged to be equal if not superior in power writer, died. He became distinguished for to his brother the protector. his superior progress in every branch of 1586. RICEARD MAITLAND, lord of ses- polite learning, but particularly in mathesion in Scotland, died. He reported the matics and natural history; and was condecisions of that court till he became blind sulted in difficult questions by the most at about the age of 60; when he com- learned men of the age. menced writing and collecting Scottish 1775. DANIEL BOONE, employed, in formpoetry. He sustained the character of ing a settlement in the then wilderness of "a maist unspotted and blameless judge, Kentucky, was attacked by the Indians, and valiant, grave and worthy knight;" near where Boonsborough now stands, and but it is in his character of a writer and two of his men killed and two wounded. collector of Scottish poetry that he is now 1780. Action between the French fleet, chiefly remembered. admiral Piquet, and a British ships, off 1643. JOHN KIRCHMAN, a learned Ger- Monte Christie. The action continued till man, died at Lubeck. the next day, when the French suffered 1677. GEORGE DIGBY, an English noble- so much that they were compelled to lie man of great ability, died. During the by and repair. civil wars he espoused the cause of Charles 1792. The French government adopted March 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 111 the instrument since known as the guillo- 1814. Battle of Arcis, in which the tine; it had been in use in various coun- prince of Wirtemberg defeated the French tries several centuries before. and captured that place. 1793. WILLIAM MURRAY, lord Mansfield, 1815. BONAPARTE ascended the throne died. He was eminent as a lawyer, and of France on his return from Elba. dignified as a judge; as an elegant scholar, 1831. The Austrian troops entered of highly cultivated and vigorous intellect, Bologna, and in a few days overrun the he shone in the constellation of great men revolted part of Italy. which arose in the reign of queen Anne; 1831. Insurrection of the slaves at Anin eloquence and beauty of diction he out- tigua. Suppressed on the 25th. rivaled his predecessors, and has not been 1843. CHARLES G. CORLIss was shot dead excelled by any successor in the high office in a street near Broadway, New York, by he held. a woman who escaped. 1797. Battle of Larvis, between the Aus- 1844. PETER B. PORTER died, aged 71. trians and the French under Joubert, in His name is connected with most of the which the former were defeated, after an important events in the history of western obstinate battle. Austrian loss, 2,000 k., New York; and as an officer in the army 4,000 taken. during the last war with great Britain he 1799. BONAPARTE opened the siege of rendered important services to his counSt. Jean d'Acre, in Palestine. try. He was some time secretary of war 1799. Battle of Pfullendorf, in Germany, of the United States. in which the French under Jourdan sus- 1849. NEWTON M. CURTIss, author of a tained the attack of the Austrians under number of novels, died, aged 34. He the archduke, who had the advantage in some time printed a political paper at point of numbers and artillery, having no Ballston, before his talent as a writer of less than 300 pieces. fiction was developed. His subjects were 1800. Battle of Heliopolis, Egypt, in mostly of Indian and revolutionary scenes which the French under Kleber defeated and incidents. the Turks under the grand vizier. 1853. The French fleet sailed for the 1801. The British, under admiral Duck- Turkish waters, to act against the Russians, worth, took the island of St. Bartholo- if necessary. mews, in the West Indies. It was again 1854. Two shocks of an earthquake at restored on the dissolution of the armed Macon, Ga. neutrality. 1856. DAVID CONNER, a United States 1809. The populace rose and plundered commodore, died. He entered the service the French in the Havana. in 1809, and was wounded in the action 1811. MASSENA gave up the command between the Hornet and Penguin. of his army to Marmont, and retired into 1856. A party of 500 Costa Ricans atFrance. tacked Col. Schlessinger who commanded 1811. Birthday of NAPOLEON, duke de 400 of Walker's men, at the hacienda Reichstadt, son of the emperor of France. Santa Rosa, and entirely defeated them. He was christened emperor of Rome. Mora had 16 killed and 25 wounded; of 1812. JOHN HORNE TOOKE, an English Gen. Walker's men 90 were killed and politician, died. He was educated for the several perished in the woods. The action ministry, with a great predilection for pol- lasted but 14 minutes. The Costa Ricans itics. In 1771 he induced the printers of shot 19 prisoners. two newspapers to publish the debates of the house of commons inviolation of their rules, which led to proceedings that finally MARCH 21. resulted in the defeat of the house, and the practice of those publications ever 1140. A remarkable eclipse of the sun since. He was a warm opponent of the in England, which caused tatal darkness. American war, and was prosecuted for se- 1491. The new epoch and sacred year of dition, for tlhe wording of a resolution by the Jews established, corresponding with which the Constitutional society voted the first day of Abib, (Nisan) the day of ~100 to the relief of the widows and Pharaoh's overthrow. children of the Americans who fell at the 1512. JUAN PONCE DE LEON landed in battle of Lexington, and was sentenced to Florida, and claimed the honor of the disa year's imprisonment and a fine of ~200. covery; although Sebastian Cabot sailed In 1786, appeared his Diversions of Purley, along the coast in 1497. He was led to which raised him to a high rank as a phi- undertake the expedition by the Indian lologist. His political life ended with the tradition in Cuba, that in the interior of dissolution of parliament, in 1802, and the the country was a spring which made remainder of his days were spent in the those who drank it young and perpetuated society of his friends. their youth. At a great loss of his men 112 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 21. in the swamps and marshes, he penetrat- 1676. A hissing, detonating meteor ed into the interior, but was driven back passed over Italy two hours after sunset. by the Indians without discovering the Its apparent diameter was greater than that miraculous fountain. of the moon; its real diameter about three 1556. THOMAS CRANMER, archbishop of quarters of a mile; and the velocity was Canterbury, burnt for heresy at Oxford. calculated at 160 miles a minute. He was born 1489, and educated for the 1684. NATHANIEL HIGHMORE, an eminent ministry. His first promotion arose from English anatomist, died. He is the author his remarking that the meditated divorce of the first systematic treatise on the of Henry VIII from his first wife, Cath- structure of the human body, in the Engarine of Arragon, might be decided by lish language, and was indefatigable in the learned divines without an appeal to the pursuit and improvement of anatomical pope. The king, on hearing of it ex- science. claimed "bv G-d, the man has got the 1733. STANIsLAUS, king of Poland, sent sow by the right ear I" He was sent for to his abdication by express, to Warsaw. court, and immediately preferred. On the 1766. RICHARD DAWEs, an English accession of Mary, he was tried before scholar, died; celebrated as the author of commissioners, sent from Rome on charges the Miscellanea Critica. of blasphemy, perjury, incontinence and 1772. JAMEs NICHOLAS BELLIN, a learned heresy, and sentenced to be degraded and and laborious geographical engineer of deprived of office, and finally burnt for Paris, died. the confessions he was induced to make 1776. The duke of Bridgewater's canal with the hope of pardon. He contributed from Manchester to Liverpool completed, a far more than any other individual to the great achievement for the time. establishment of the independence of the 1778. The American ministers, FrankEnglish church, and was a great patron of lin, Dean and Let, were publicly received learning and the universities. at the French court. 1604. PETER ERNEST, count de Mans- 1788. A fire occurred at New Orleans, by field, died at Luxembourg. He was an which seven-eighths of the city waslaid in able statesman in the service of the empe- ashes. ror of Germany. His conduct was con- 1797. JOHN PARKHURST, an English disidered so meritorious that he was ap- vine, died aged 69; well known as a lexipointed governor of Brabant. cographer. 1639. THOMAS CAMPANELLI, an Italian 1797. The French entered Goritz in philosopher of great eminence, died at Austria, where they found 1500 sick, and Paris. So great was his learning and elo- a great quantity of provisions and quence, that his rivals and enemies pro- stores. cured the interference of the inquisition on 1799. Battle of Asterach, between the an accusation of sorcery and magic. He French under Jourdan, and the Austrians was afterwards put to the rack and con- under the archduke, in which the latter demned to perpetual imprisonment, but were defeated. Austrian loss 2160. found means to escape to France, where 1800. The Ionian republic, formed unhe was protected. der the protection of the porte. Corfu, 1644. Prince RUPERT defeated the par- Zante and other Venitian isles formed the liament forces in England, and relieved confederation. Newark. 1801. Battle of Aboukir, or Alexandria, 1656. JAMES USHER, archbishop of Ar- in Egypt, between the French under magh, - died. He enjoyed a reputation Menou, and the British and Turks under seldom acquired, in every department of Abercrombie. The French were defeated knowledge, and received pressing invita- with the loss of 3000 killed, and the tions to France and Germany, at a time standard of the invincible regiment taken, when his own country was in a state of the officer bearing this famous banner anarchy, and his property falling a prey to being killed, and nearly the whole of those the fortunes of war. celebrated soldiers annihilated. British 1663. CHARLOTTE TREMOUILLE, countess loss 1376, and their commander, Aberof Derby, died. She was the wife of the croml!ie, mortally wounded. earl of Derby who was treacherously be- 1803. EDWARD MARCUS DESPARD, an Irish headed during the civil war of England, officer, executed for treason. He was apand imitated his heroic conduct by defying pointed superintendent of the English colthe attacks of the parliament forces, and onies in the West Indies, where his conwas the last person who submitted to them. duct led to a recall; out of his subsequent 1673. The castle formerly standing at treatment grew a desire for revenge, which the entrance of Boston harbor, accidentally led him on to his fate. destroyed by fire. It was constructed of 1804. DUKE D'ENGHIEN, shot at Vintimber, since replaced by a new one of stone. cennes by torch light. (See p. 104.) March 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 113 1806. Madison county, New York, was and printed at the expense of Cardinal formed. Ximenes of Toledo. The work was com1815. BONAPARTE entered Paris, the menced in 1502, and prosecuted without Bourbons having previously evacuated it, interruption fifteen years, at an expense of on the news of his landing from Elba. more than 50,000 crowns of gold. 1821. MICHAEL BRYAN, an eminent con- 1530. Diet of Augsburg, in Germany, noisseur in the fine arts, died. He-is the at which Melanchton drew up a creed author of a biographical and critical dic- known by the name of the Iugsburg Contionary of painters and engravers. fession. 1829. Duel at London between the duke 1595. WALTER RALEIGH, in search of the of Wellington and the earl of Winchel- fabulous golden city of Manoa del Dorado, sea.' arrived at Trinidad. He had fitted out a 1829. Great earthquake in the provinces fleet at great expense; leaving his ships at of Murcia and Oriheula, in Spain. Up- Trinidad he proceeded with 100 men in wards of 20 churches and 4,000 houses boats 400 miles up the Oronoque; but the destroyed, and great numbers of the in- river beginning dangerously to swell, he habitants killed. A considerable portion returned without effecting the great disof the former province was converted into covery. a barren waste. 1621. The colonists at Plymouth received 1839. LorsA, the last surviving daugh- a visit from Masassoit, the greatest king of ter of Linnaeus the naturalist, died at Up- the neighboring Indians. A league of friendsala, aged 90. ship was agreed upon which was invio1843. HERARD, the successful general of lably observed more than fifty years. the insurgents in Hayti, made a triumphal 1646. Battle of Stowe, in which the entry into Port au Prince. royalists under Lord Astley, 3000 in num1843.' ROBERT SOUTHEY, an eminent ber, were defeated by Col. Morgan. This English poet, died, aged 68, in a state of was the last body of men that appeared mental darkness, from an excess of labor. on the field for King Charles. 1845. BENJAMIN BUsHIE died at Greens- 1687. JEAN BAPTISTE LULLY, an Italian boro, Vt., aged 115. musician, died at Paris. He was born of 1849. BENJ. F. THOMPSON, the historian obscure parentage, and at the age of ten of Long island, died, aged 64. He was was sent by the Chevalier Guise to France distinguished by an ardent love for his- as a page to Mad'lle de Montpensier. The torical research, and left a large collection lady, however, was so little pleased with of materials for the illustration of the local him, that she sent him into the kitchen, history of New York state. where he officiated as under-scullion, till 1852. ARMAND MARRAST, one of the lead- his musical talent became accidentally ing and ablest journalists of France, died. known. From this time he rose rapidly, His name was conspicuous in the revolu- and contributed much to the improvement tion of February, 1848, which made him of the science of music in France. He is mayor of Paris, and a member of the pro- said to have been the inventor of the overvisional government. He was the author ture. of the French constitution of 1848. 1717. MATTHEW HUBERT, an eloquent 1856. The fortieth asteroid, named Las- French preacher, died. His sermons are titia, discovered by Mr. Goldschmidt, at published in 6 vols. and highly esteemed. Paris. 1740. Porto Bello, on the isthmus of Darien, taken by the English under Admiral Vernon. MARCH 22. 1758. JONATHAN EDWARDS, the most celebrated of American metaphysicians and 387. THEoDOSIUS degraded Antioch, the theologians, died of small pox, aged 55. metropolis of the east, from the rank of a There have been three great editions of city, and subjected it to the jurisdiction of his works published, one in England and Laodicea, on account of a sedition. two in this country. 1270. Louis IX, king of France, died. 1765. Stamp act passed by the British He displayed the magnanimity of the hero, parliament, the first attempt to tax America the integrity of the patriot, and the human- without allowing her a representation in ity of the philosopher. By his order a the parliament. translation of the whole Bible was made 1772. JOHN CANTON, an English natural into French. philosopher, died. He was a cloth-weaver, 1312. The order of Knights Templars and first devoted his leisure moments to suppressed by a papal decree. mathematics. He became a member of the 1520. LEo X gave permission for the royalsociety, and obtained their gold medal publication of the Complutensian Polyglott, by his experiments on the Leyden phial. a magnificent edition of the Bible, prepared 1797. Battle of La Chinse, in Austria. 15 114 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 22. The French under Guieux drove the im- MARCH 23. perialists before them until they fell in with Massena at Tarwis and were defeated. The 1208. The pope laid the churches of French took 5000 prisoners, 400 wagons England under an interdict. King John and 30 cannon. in retaliation banished the bishops that 1797. The French under Joubert crossed obeyed. the Adige at Newmark, in Saxony, defeat- 1534. CLEMENT VIII issued his bull reed Gen. Laudohn, entered Botzen, and scinding Cranmer's sentence, and confirmmarched directly for Claufen. The French ing Henry VIII's marriage with Catharine; took 1500 prisoners. in consequence of which the pope's au1806. MURAT proclaimed at Dusseldorf, thority was abolished in England, and the "Prince Joachim, duke of Cleves and king declared the supreme head of the Berg. " church. 1821. STEPHEN DECATUR, a distinguished 1556. JULIUS III (John Marie du Mont), American commodore, died at Washington, pope of Rome, died. He is notorious for aged 41. having dissolved the council of Trent, and 1828. Louis CHoRIS, an eminent Russian is characterized as a weak and narrowpainter and draftsman to Kotzebue's cir- minded pontiff, little calculated to uphold cumnavigating' expedition, was killed in the dignity and power of his office. company with his traveling companion, 1606. JusTus LIPsIUS died; a most acute near Vera Cruz in Mexico. and learned Flemhish critic and commenta1832. The bill banishing the families of tor on ancient authors. His works were Napoleon and Charles X, passed the cham- published in 6 vols. folio. ber of peers by a vote of 80 to 30. 1621. JOHN CARVER, first governor of 1832. JOHN WOLFGANG VON G(ETHE, "the Plymouth colony, died. He was among patriarch of German literature," died, aged the English emigrants to Leyden; and 83. He early gave indications of genius when a removal to America was conand a taste for the fine arts; acquired se- templated, he was sent over to negotiate veral languages, and made some proficiency for a suitable territory. He conducted the in drawing, engraving, &c.; and first at- affairs of the colony with great prudence, tracted attention as an author by the drama and discovered great address in the manageof Getz in 1773, and the Sorrows of Werther ment of the natives. the next year. The activity and versatility 1650. The English army commanded by of his genius were prodigious, and his pro- Oliver Cromwell, laid siege to the town of ductions amounting to 50 vols., embrace Kilkenny in Ireland. The defence was obevery branch of literature and science. He stinate, but the garrison surrendered in a died at Weimar, quietly seated in his arm- few days. chair, and apparently without suffering. 1776. ROBERT JAMES, an English physi1842. CONDY RAGUET, author of the Free cian, died; known as the inventor of Trade sAdvocate, and many other political James' Fever Powders, a preparation which productions, died at Philadelphia. has acquired great celebrity and proved an 1851. MORDECAI MANASSEH NOAH, for inexhaustible source of opulence to his over forty years connected with the press family, and benefit to the public. of New York and prominent as a writer and 1776. Congress issued letters of marque politician, died. and reprisal against England. 1851. ISAAC HILL, one of the most in- 1777. The British under Bird landd at fluential political writers in America and Peekskill on the Hudson river for the purfor many years editor of the New Hamp- pose of seizing the military stores; but on shire Patriot, died. the news of his approach the guard sta1851. JOHN STUART SKINNER, editor of tioned there under Gen. McDougal, fired the Plow, the Loom and the.lnvil, died at the principal store houses and retired. Baltimore, aged 63. He was the pioneer 1793. Spain declared war against Engin the establishment of American agricul- land. tural journals, although he had beet edu- 1797. The French under bUGUA entered cated for the law. Trieste, the most important seaport town 1855. RAMON PINTO, an eminent Cuban of Austria; at the same time another lawyer, suffered death by the garotte, at French army took possession of the mines Havana, for conspiring to take Concha's of Ydria. life and overthrow the existing govern- 1801. PETROWITZ PAUL, emperor of Rusment. sia, assassinated. He was the son of 1855. The Russians, in a night sortie Catharine II, who treated him with great upon the French lines at Sebastopol, were rigor, during her life. In 1780 he traveled driven back after a contest of two and a with his wife through the southern part of half hours. Europe under the title of Count of the North. In 1796 he ascended the throne, and among March 23.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 115 the first of his acts were the discontinuance with angels, died at Fowdon in her 89th of the Persian war, and the liberation of year. the Poles confined in Russia. But his con- 1850. JOHN W.'WEBSTER, professor of duct was suddenly reversed, and his in- chemistry in Cambridge university, found discretions and tyranny finally produced a guilty of the murder of his friend Benjamin conspiracy among the nobles, by which it Parkman; a case which excited community is supposed his sons were accessory to his for a long time. death. In the official publication of his 1854. A treaty of commerce concluded death, it was ascribed to apoplexy. between Commodore Perry of the United 1806. The exploring party under Cap- States squadron, and the emperor of tains Clarke and Lewis, left fort Clatsop Japan. on their return up the Columbia river to the United States. 1808. MURAT, at the head of 40,000 MARCH 24. French soldiers, taking advantage of a faction among the populace, entered Madrid 1426 B. c. The 24th Nisan is marked as and took possession of it. a feast in the Jews' calendar for the death 1809. THOMAS HOLCROFT, an English of Joshua. He was buried, full of honor, dramatic writer, died. His father was a on the border of his capital in Mount shoemaker in low circumstances, which Ephraim. occupation the son also followed till he re- 1455. Pope NICHOLAS V, the friend of solved to try his fortune on the stage. Be- ancient literature and the protector of the sides his dramas he produced several novels learned exiles of Greece, died. and translations from the German and 1495. COLUMBUS with an army of 200 French. He suffered imprisonment for re- men, 20 horses and 20 dogs commenced publicanism, with Tooke and others. a campaign against the natives of His1815. Action off the island of Tristran paniola, who in consequence of the excesd'Acunha, between the United States brig ses of the Spaniards had raised an army of Hornet, 16 guns, Capt. Biddle, and the 100,000 men to destroy the colony at IsaBritish brig Penguin, 18 guns and a 12 bella.- The admiral spent a year in ranging pound carronade, 132 men, Capt. Dickin- the island; and reduced it to such obedience son. Capt. Dickinson was killed and the that every inhabitant was subjected to a Penguin captured in 22 minutes; she was quarterly tribute to the king of Spain in so muth injured that it was found necessary gold dust or cotton. to sink her. Penguin had'14 killed, 28 1545. Diet at Worms assembled. The wounded; Hornet 1 killed, 11 wounded. protestants disclaimed all connection with After the surrender a British soldierwound- the council of Trent. ed Capt. Biddle in the neck with a musket 1564. Pius IV issued a bull denouncing ball; he was immediately shot by two of the perusal of certain books, and establishthe marines. ing new rules by which to judge books. 1819. AUGUSTUS FREDERICK VON KOTZE- 1581. JAMBmS DYER, an eminent English BUE, I celebrated German dramatist, assas- judge, died. He was distinguished for his sinated at Manheim. The Stranger and learning and excellence; a volume of law Pizarro are translated and popular at our reports which he left in manuscript and theatres. His works are numerous. He were not published till 20 years after his was assassinated by a fanatical student death, have been often reprinted. named Sandt, who at the same time stab- 1588 (1580?). Bombs first used at the bed himself; but recovered and was be- siege of Wachtendonk in Holland. The headed. invention of bombs is disputed among 1840. WILLIAM MACLURE, adistinguished several countries, and there are good naturalist, formerly of Philadelphia, and reasons for believing that some contrivance twenty years president of the academy of of the kind had been made use of long natural sciences in that city, died near the before this event. Galen, bishop of Muncity of Mexico. He wrote on the geology ster, is said to have been the inventor of of the United States and the West Indies. bombs; while Strada in his account of the 1849. BENJAMIN SIMPSON died at Saco, wars of the Low Countries, attributes the Maine, aged 94; one of the party engaged invention a few days before this siege to in throwing the tea overboard in Boston an inhabitant of the town of Venloo, and harbor, at the opening of the revolution. that the people of the city, wishing to ex1849. CHARLES ALBERT, king of Sardinia, hibit it in presence of the duke of Cleves, in consequence of his defeat by the Aus- discharged a bomb, which falling on one trians, abdicated his crown in favor of his of the houses, set fire to it, and three-fourths eldest son, the duke of Savoy. of the town were destroyed before the 1849. ]ELIZABETH HUGHES, well known in flames could be extinguished. England as a fortune-tellU and familiar 1603. ELIZABETH, queen of England, 116 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 24. died, aged 70. She was the daughter of 1754. JOHN JAMES WETSTEIN, a learned Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. On the Swiss divine, died. He traveled through death of Mary, 1558, she was proclaimed several countries of Europe to examine the queen, at the age of twenty-five, and held various manuscripts of the Greek Testathe sceptre forty-five years with uncommon ment, and on his return to Basel published ability. Her reign was a period of great his Prologomena; he was immediately perprosperity for England. Her treatment of secuted as a Socinian, and compelled to flee the queen of Scots can never be defended, his country. He found protection at Amand some other foibles tarnish her fame; sterdam, where he died. but the splendor of her reign and the 1764. THOMAS SLACK commenced the strength of mind displayed in the conduct New Castle Chronicle, a paper still well susof the government overbalance those weak- tained in England. nesses which few crowned heads are devoid 1773. PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, earl of of. Chesterfield, died, aged 79. He was one of 1638. CANONICUS and MIANTONIMOH gave the most celebrated wits of his age, an Roger Williams a deed of Providence. eminent statesman, political, epistolatory 1645. The parliament voted that the and miscellaneous writer. His Letters, conclause for the preservation of his majesty's taining advice to his son, prove him to person should be left out of Sir Thos. Fair- have been an excellent scholar; but the fax's commission. This was a bad omen for critical reader will find that they insidiousKing Charles. ly inculcate the loosest principles. 1674. JONATHAN GODDARD, an English 1773. STEPHEN LEAKE, an ingenious physician and chemist, died. He was a writer on coins and heraldry, died at favorite with Cromwell; but on the restora- Thorp, England. tion his abilities were not in sufficient es- 1776. JOHN HARRISON, an eminent Engtimation to preserve him from being dis- lish mechanic, died. He was the son of an graced. He was an able writer and a liberal obscure mechanic, but made himself famous patron of' learned men, and one of the by the invention of a time-keeper, in the promoters of the royal society. form of a watch, for ascertaining the longi1698. JOHN EVELYN, distinguished. as a tude at sea, for which he received from poet and translator, died, aged 45. At the parliament about $90,000. age of 15 he wrote the elegant Greek poem 1782. Spain acknowledged the Indewhich accompanies the second edition of pendence of the United States. the Sylva, written by his father. 1782. A blockhouse situated on Toms' 1718. On the island of Lithy, India, river, New Jersey, attacked by a body of there fell a ball of fire, containing gelatin- royalists. Capt. Huddy defended the place ous matter. while his ammunition lasted, and on sur1720. JOHN PERINGSKIOLL, a Swedish an- rendering was executed without a trial. tiquary and historian, died. He was pro- 1783. ROBERT SAUNDERS, a self created fessor of antiquities at Upsala, and se- LL. D., died. His Notes on the Bible procretary and councilor to the king. His fited him very little, though in a pecuniary works amount to 17 vols. folio. point of view they profited others. ~ 1726. DANIEL WHITBY, an English pre- 1794. Insurrection of the Poles. The late, died. He was, like many of his pro- Russian troops evacuated Cracow, and the fession, totally unqualified for the common patriot Kosciusko took possession. pursuits of business; but was engrossed 1794. CHARLES PHILIP RONSIN, with a with matters of religion and learning. His number of his confreres, guillotined at publications are more than 40 in number; Paris. The revolution brought him out one of which gave offence to the clergy and from obscurity only to display the natural was publicly burnt. deformity of his character. He was pro1730. The British parliament passed an moted to the office of minister of war, and act prohibiting any subject lending money then to the command of an army. He met to a foreigner or other nation. his fate at the hands of Danton and Marat, 1740. The English Capt. KNowLEs took who had raised him up. from the Spaniards the castle of St. Lorenzo 1797. Battle in the passes of Eisach in in South America; a large amount of spoil Saxony, between the Austrians under Gen. fell into the hands of the conquerors. Laudohn, and the French, who captured 1742. PETER SABBATHIB, a French Be- 8 cannon and 1500 soldiers. nedictine, died. He was engaged 23 years 1801. PAUL, emperor of Russia, assasin making a collection of the Latin versions sinated. His reign was remarkable for its of the Bible, which was published 1743 in caprice and eccentricity. 3 vols. folio. 1804. The county of Seneca, in Western 1744. War between France and Great New York, formed. Britain declared. 1838. THOMAS ATTWOOD, an eminent Eng1751. FiRPRICK, prince of Wales, died. lish musical composer, died, aged 73. March 25.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 117 it contained 4,000 inhabitants, and by acMARCH 25. tual return their industry produced 26,000 yards of linen cloth, Wade in private fam1409. The schism of the church was ilies from flax of their own raising. ended by the council of, Pisa. 1763. ELIAS FARNEWORTH, an English 1519. First regular battle of the Spaniards prelate, died; distinguished as the transunderCortez with the Indians, on the plains lator of Machiavelli and several other Euof Ceutla, near Tabasco. The Spaniards ropean authors. were victorious, with the loss of 1 killed 1792. Lake Harantoreen, in the county and more than 60 wounded. The loss of of Kerry, Ireland, sunk into the earth. the Indians was very great; 800 were left 1792. The British under Gen. CAMPBELL dead on the field; the Indians being un- carried by storm the batteries at Port Royal able to carry off all their dead, as was their in Grenada. custom. 1793. HEBERT, ANACHARSIS CLOOTS and 1595. Snow fell at Rome. There is no 18 others, chiefs of the Cordelier Club, exother record of such an event occurring ecuted at Paris. there till 1834 —exhibiting the curious phe- 1799. Florence and Leghorn in Italy, fell nomenon of a space of 240 years without into the hands of the French. snow. 1799. Battle of Stockach in Germany. 1609. HENRY HUDSON sailed from Am- The princes of Furstenberg and Anhaltsterdam on the voyage in which he dis- Bernburg killed. covered the North or Hudson river, and 1800. The coutry of Greene, in New explored it as far as Albany. York, erected. 1661. The Savoy conference, concerning 1801. The British army in Egypt reinthe liturgy, between 12 bishops with 9 as- forced by the Turks. sistants, and a like number of presbyterians 1808. CHARLES IV of Spain wrote to appointed by King Charles II. Bonaparte protesting against his abdication 1678. Ypres, in Belgium, surrendered to in favor of Ferdinand VII, as having been the French after a siege of 7 days. extorted from him by force, at the same 1688. First establishment of charity time offering to place himself and the royal schools in England. family in Bonaparte's power. 1693. Printing ordered to be introduced 1809. ANNA SEWARD, an English poetess, into New York. died. She exhibited an early taste for 1711. NEHEMIAHGREW, a London physi- poetry, and her poems were popular in cian, died. His merits and skill procured their day, and often republished. She him a very extensive practice; he was also held a correspondence with the literati of an author on subjects connected with his her time, and her letters were published in profession. six volumes, octavo. 1741. The British under Admiral Vernon 1810. BONASPARTE issued a decree giving took the castle of Bocca Chicca, in Cartha- liberty to all state prisoners in France, and gena, by assault. a free pardon to all deserters. 1751. The commencement of the year 1811. Battle of Campo Mayor in Portuin England was altered from this day to gal, in which the British under Gen. Beresthe first of January, to conform with the ford defeated the French, took 600 pricustom of other European countries, which soners, and drove them to Badajos. had long before adopted the Gregorian 1811. British frigate Amazon destroyed calendar. For this purpose there was off cape Barfleur by part of the Cherbourg passed an act of parliament, directing that squadron. the year should commence on the first of 1811. Every printing press in Paris obJanuary, and that eleven days, from the noxious to Bonaparte, suppressed by the 2d to the 14th September, 1752, should be police. omitted, so that the 3d of September 1812. GEORGE FREDERICK COOKE, an should be dated the 14th. This occasioned eminent English actor, died. He was first great perplexity and confusion of dates, engaged as a printer, and afterwards in the arising from the computations by the old navy; but left these for the stage, and acand new styles. quired a reputation seldom attained, in the 1754. WILLIAM HAMILTON, an ingenious highest walks of the drama. Scottish poet, died. His pieces are dis- 1815. Confirmatory pact signed at Vientinguished for liveliness of imagination and na, by which the allied powers solemnly delicacy of sentiment. united their forces to maintain the treaty 1761. The first tree cut towards clearing of Paris against Bonaparte. land for cultivation in the town of Ben- 1815. RICHARD DowELL, the famed ornington, Vt. The honor of the act belongs ganist at Dulwich college, died. to Samuel Robinson, who on that day be- 1820. ALEXANDER of Russia banished all gan the settlement of the town. In 1790 Jesuits from his dominions, because they 118 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 25. interfered with the government and the which had been a long time lost, appeared peace of families. in 1826. 1836. HENRY RoscOE died, near Liver- 1662. BRIAN DuPPA, an English bishop, pool, England. He'vas distinguished for died. He was distiuguished for his learnhis legal and various abilities and learning, ing and virtues, ond the firmness of his and was the author of several professional adherence to the cause of the Stuarts during and other works. their misfortunes. 1843. Ceremony of opening the Thames 1676. Marlborough, Mass., destroyed by tunnel. Its length is 1200 feet, its cost the Indians. So completely did the enemy about two and a half millions of dollars, finish their horrid purposes here, that the and it was 18 years in building, under Bru- inhabitants deserted their dwellings and nel. The number of persons who visited sought shelter elsewhere. On the following it during the two following days was about evening a party of about forty men went 50,000, at a revenue of one penny each is out in search of the Indians; and coming nearly $1000. upon them towards morning lying around 1849. GEORGE COOKE, an artist of some their fires to the number of about three note in the south, died of Cholera at New hundred, fired in upon them. Although Orleans. it was so dark at a short distance from the 1852. JANE WEST died, aged 93; a very fires that "an Indian could not be disfruitful authoress, in the beginning of the cerned from a better man," yet they dispresent century, of poems, tales and novels, charged several volleys upon them, and long since forgotten, though much in vogue came off without the loss of one of the for a time. band. The few houses which escaped the 1855. An unsuccessful attempt at revolu- brand on this occasion were razed by the tion made in San Domingo with the intent enemy soon after. to recall ex-president Paez. 1688. WINSTON CHURCHILL, an English historian, died; better known as the father of the great duke of Marlborough. 1699. "After an extraordinary storm," MARCH 26. says Evelyn, "there came up the Thames a whale which was 56 feet long. Such and 1546. THOMAS ELYOT, an eminent Eng- a larger of the spout kind, was killed there lish scholar, died. He published the first 40 years ago. That year died Cromwell." Latin and English Dictionary in that coun- The reverend antiquary probably contry. sidered this a prodigious omen of the 1602. BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD sailed from usurper's dissolution. England in a shallop with 32 persons to 1702. WILLIAM COURTEN died; a colleceffect a colony in the northern part of Vir- tor of whatever was curious and important ginia. He was the first Englishman who in medallic and antiquarian history. He came in a direct course to this part of left 38 vols. folio, and 8 quarto, which toAmerica, instead of making the circuit by gether with his collection were purchased the Canaries and the West Indies. After a for the British museum at ~20,000; scarcepassage of 7 weeks they made land in 43 ly the value of the coins and precious degrees. stones. 1630. CHARLES I renewed the patent 1707. The regalia of Scotland depositgranted by his father to Ben Jonson, as poet ed in an oaken chest, at the Edinburgh laureate. The pension was augmented castle. from 100 marks to 100 pounds, with the 1711. Engagement between the British grace cup of "one tierce of Canary Spanish ship Lion, 60 guns, Capt. Walpole, and 4 wine," to be delivered annually from the French ships, in which the latter were royal cellars at Whitehall. beaten off. Walpole had his right arm shot 1644. The English parliament made an off; and it may be mentioned that Lord ordinance to enjoin every family one meal Nelson had the same sword in his hand per week, anid to contribute the value when his right arm was shot off, 1797. thereof to the kingdom. 1719. A Spanish fleet under the duke of 1649. JOHN WINTHROP, first governor of Ormond, intended for the invasion of Massachusetts colony, died at Boston, aged England in favor of the pretender, was dis63. He came out to America 1630, as go- persed by a storm. vernor of the colony; to which he con- 1726. JOHN VANBRUGH, an English dratinued to be re-elected, with a few years matist and architect, died. He was knightintermission, till his death.'He kept an ed by Queen Anne, and held several lucraaccurate journal of the events of the early tive offices; but a want of economy in the colony from its foundation to the time of management of his income kept him in his death, two volumes of which were indigence, and his dramas were produced published at Hartford 1790; and the third, in rapid succession to retrieve his credit. March 26.1 EVERY,DAY BOOK. 119 Few of his pieces, although popular at the grated from Virginia at the age of 30, and time, still keep the stage. settled near the lead mines. In 1822 he 1729. ROBERT MOSS, a popular London projected the scheme of uniting the Indian preacher, died. His sermons have been trade of the Rocky mountains with the published in 8 vols.; and he is the author hunting and trapping business; and havyof some poems, and small tracts. ing enlisted about 300 hardy men, they, 1730. The landgrave of Hesse Cassel, aftervarioussuccesses and reverses, realized father of the king of Sweden, died. The handsome fortunes. Swedish monarch was declared successor. 1839. POWER LE POER TRENCH, arch1756. GILBERT WEST, an English poet, bishop of Tuam and primateof Connaught, died. He was a man of polished manners in Ireland, died. He was distinguished and great erudition. for his talents, eloquence and learning, 1772. CHARLES DINEAuDUCLoS, historio- and greatly revered for his benevolence grapher of France, died. He was also a and piety. distinguished member of the French aca- 1850. SAMUEL T. ARMSTRONG, a disdemy, and was engaged in the Dictionary tinguished American bookseller, died in and History of the Society. Boston. 1784. THOMAS BorND, a distinguished 1852. While the engineer Maillefert and American physician, died. After spending his assistants were engaged in submarine considerable time in preparatory study at blastings at Hellgate, New York harbor, by Paris, he returned and commenced practice accident a charge exploded and instantly in Philadelphia, where he acquired a great killed Capt. Southard and 2 others. Mailreputation in his profession, and as a man lefert and others were raised several feet, of letters.. and fell into the water; but were rescued 1794. Congress passed an embargo law. with few injuries. 1799. Battle of Verona, between the 1854. JONATHAN HARRINGTON died, aged French and Austrians. The battle con- 85; a fifer for the minute men who astinued from morning till night, and the sembled on Lexington Green on the morloss on both sides was so great, that each ning of the 19th of April, 1775, and the army found it necessary to retreat. last survivor of the gallant band who were 1806. Broome county, in New York, engaged in that first conflict of the Amererected. ican revolution. 1812. Earthquake in Venezuela, South America; the town of St. Philip with a population of 1,200 souls was entirely MARCH 27. swallowed up, and it is supposed that about 20,000 persons perished in the whole 47 B. c. PTOLEMY DIONYSIUS, king of province. Caraccas, with a population of Egypt, drowned in the Nile. His name is 40,000, was destroyed, and from 10,000 to rendered execrable to the latest posterity 40,000 persons perished, authorities: differ. for the murder of Pompey, his benefactor. 1813. The American batteries at Black 1306. ROBERT BRUCE crowned king of Rock opened their fire on the British, and Scotland at Scone. Edward had carried silenced their lower battery. off the national diadem, so that one was 1814. Gen. HULL, tried at Albany by manufactured for the occasion, which was court martial for surrendering Detroit, was placed upon the head of the liberator by found guilty and sentenced to be shot. Isabella, countess of Buchan, a descendant His punishment was remitted by the pre- of Macduff. sident. 1350. ALPHEONSO II of Castile died at 1814. Battle of St. Dizier in France, in Gibraltar. He is famous for his wars with which Bonaparte defeated Winzingerode. the Moors, in which 200,000 of them were 1814. Engagement in the bay of La slain. Hogue, between the British ship Hebrus 1546. JOHN DIAZ, a Spaniard, murdered and French frigate L'Etoile. French loss, at Neuberg, Germany. He embraced the 40 killed, 71 wounded; British 13 killed, doctrines of the reformers, and while on a 25 wounded. visit to Calvin was met by his brother, 1832. The Asiatic cholera appeared in who, being unable to reconvert him, hired Paris. During its prevalence 1 in 33 of the an assassin to dash out his brains with an population died. In the whole of France axe while in bed at night. 229,534 persons were attacked, and 94,665 1563. A bill brought into the house of died. commons, permitting the Bible and church 1838. WILLIAM H. ASHLEY died near service to be translated into the Welsh or Boonville, Missouri. He was the first British tongue and used in the church of lieut. governor of that state, and a' man Wales. The New Testament in Welsh aphighly respected for his great enterprise, peared in 1567, in quarto, 339 pages in talents, integrity and principle. He emi- bIack letter. 120 EVERY DAY BOOK, [&March 27. 1614. An octroy passed the States General English prelate', died, His first work was of the United Netherlands, for regulating entitled Weapon Salve for the Ch(urch's voyages to America, under which Adrian Wounds, which was ably written, notwithBlock, Hendrick Corstiaensen, and Corne- standing the quaintness of the title. His lis Jacobsen Mey, distinguished themselves works were principally polemical, and were by their adventures. published in 6 vols, folio. 1617. FRANCIS BACO1 made lord chan- 1710. SACHEVERILtL'S two sermons burnt cellor of England, in place of Ellesmere, before the Royal Exchange in the presence who died within a fortnight of his resig- of the lord mayor of London, and he himnation. The new chancellor soon disgusted self forbid to preach for 3 years. the public by his vanity, love of show, 1718. MARY BiATRIX ELEONORA D'ESTE, meanness and corruption. queen dowager to King James II of Eng1622. The Indians, by a preconcerted land, died at St. Germain en Laye. conspiracy, fell upon the Virginia colony, 1729. LEOPOLD, duke of Lorrain, died. 347 of whom, unresisting and defenceless, He was noted for his military abilities, by were massacred with indiscriminate bar- which he recovered his country, and govbarity. This massacre was plotted by Ope- erned his subjects with wisdom and justice. cancanough, and was followed by an ex- He was also a liberal patron of the arts and terminating war between the parties. sciences. 1625. JAMES VI of Scotland (I of Eng- 1756. French burnt fort Bull, Oneida land) died, aged 59. He was the son of county, New York. Mary and Lord Darnley, and succeeded to 1771. A. McDouGAL discharged by the the throne at an early age. In 1603 he supreme court of New York, after having succeeded to the crown of England, on been subjected to imprisonment as the the death of Elizabeth. It was during his author of a newspaper article signed./ Son reign that the famous plot was concerted of Liberty. for blowing up the king and parliament. 1778. NICHOLAS SEBASTIAN ADAM, a It was also during his reign, and through French sculptor, died. He was the second his weakness; that Walter Raleigh lost his of three brothers who enjoyed some relife. He was an encourager of learning, putation as sculptors in France in the earthough a pedant himself. The translation ly part of the last century. His principal of the Bible in present use bears his sanc- works are the tomb for the wife of Stanistion and authority. laus of Poland, and Prometheus chained. 1634. LEONARD CALVERT, having been.1782. CARACCIOLI, the viceroy of Sicily, appointed governor of Maryland by his abolished the inquisition there, and desbrother Lord Baltimore, arrived with two troyed the archives. hundred settlers, and settled the town of 1793. The French Glen. DUMOURIER, in a St. Marys, establishing religious liberty conference with Austrian Col. Mack, at and granting lots of fifty acres to each Ath, resolved to march back on Paris and emigrant. establish the constitutional monarchy of 1654. Monsieur BOURDEAUX, ambassador 1791. extraordinary from the king of France to 1794. JACOB NICHOLAS MoREAU, historioCromwell, arrived in London, and on ob- grapher of France, guillotined at the age taining an audience, recognized the prin- of 77. He was also librarian to the queen, ciple that God shows his love to men by an able writer, and attached to the royal giving them wise rulers. cause. 1660. TOBIAS VENNER, an English physi- 1794. Convention between Denmark and cian, died. His medical works were po- Sweden, for the mutual defence of their pular, and for talent are above medio- rights. crity. 1802. Treaty of Amiens signed between 1669. Mount Trumento formed of an England, Spain, France and the Batavian indurated mass of lava by the great erup- republic. tion of mount Etna. 1805. The county of Lewis, in northern 1676. Battle of.Patuxet, between fifty New York, erected. English and twenty friendly Indians under 1809. Sullivan county, New York, erCapt. Pierce, and six hundred of Philip's ected. Indians., The English were drawn into an 1809. An eruption of mount Etna. ambush, or deceived in the force of their 1811. Battle of Anhalt in the Cattegat enemies, and making an error in drawing strait. The island was attacked by 4000 down by the side of the river to prevent Danes, who were repulsed by 350 British, being surrounded, the Indians crossed over, with the loss of 5 cannon and 500 prisonand galled them from the opposite side, so ers. that they were constrained to fight it out 1814. Battle of Horse-Shoe, at the bend to the last. of the Tallepoosie river, between the Unit1699. EDWARD STILLINGFLEET, an eminent ed States troops under Gen. Jackson, and March 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 121 the Creek Indians. The latter were de- invented about the same time by divine feated with the loss of about 800 killed; inspiration, as a match for the devil's sugU. S. loss 91 killed, 268 wounded. gestion of artillery. 1829. The zoological society of London 1480. WILLIAM CAXTON, the first English in Bruton street incorporated. printer, finished the Cordial in folio. The 1839. All the opium belonging to British fact is thus set forth in his own words: subjects in China, amounting to 20,283 "The Book named Cordyale: or Memorare chests, valued at about $9,000,000, was Novissima: which treateth of The foure last surrendered up to Capt. Elliot, superinten- Thinges. Began on the morn after the Purident of the British trade, for the purpose fication of our blessid Lady (2d Feb. 1478), of being destroyed, in obedience to the 4 c..And finisshed on the even of thannciaorders of the Chinese government. cion of our said blessid Lady, fallying on the 1847. METHUSELAH BALDWIN died at Wednesdaye the xxiij daye of Marche In the Scotchtown, New York, aged 84; he was xix yere of Kyng Edwarde the fourthe." licensed to preach 1791 by the presbytery 1520. SANzIO RAPHAEL, an illustrious of Newark. Italian painter and architect, died. He is 1854. WILLIAM HENRY CAvENDISH SCOTT by general consent called the prince of BENTINCK, duke of Portland, a British modern painters, and was probably the statesman, died, aged 84. best painter the world ever produced. 1856. N. S. PRIME, a New York divine, 1636. JAMES CALLOT, an eminent French died, aged 70; known as the author of a engraver, died. He carried the art to a history of Long Island. greater state of perfection than any other 1857. CHARLES III, duke of Parma, aged before him, and attained all that it then 31, died at Turin of a wound given by an seemed possible for human industry to assassin in the streets the night previous. reach. 1638. WILLIAM KIEFT arrived at New MARCH 29. Amsterdam as governor of the colony. 1663. At Laucha, near Naumburg, in 168 B. c. The Roman senate assembled Prussia, there fell a great quantity of a fibat eight o'clock in the morning, a few days rous substance, represented as resembling after Paulus Emilius had assumed the im- blue silk. mortal consulate. The English house of 1676. The Indians attacked Rehoboth, commons usually sat at the same hour five Mass., and burnt 40 houses and about 30 centuries ago. barns. 193. PUBLIUS HELvIUS PERTINAX, emperor 1677. WENTZEL HOLLAR, a Bohemian of Rome, assassinated. He was of obscure engraver, died. His talents were noticed origin, and was elected on the death of by Arundel, the English ambassador, by Commodus. His virtues were too great whom he was induced to visit England, for the time in which he lived, and he was where he executed a great number of destroyed by the same hands which had portraits and views; but though his graver raised him up; and the imperial diadem gave celebrity to so many, he was himself was offered at public auction. the victim of want, and was barely per1134. STEPHEN HARDING, an English- mitted by his creditors to die on his own man, and one of the founders of the Cis- bed. tercians, died. In the year 1098, he retired 1678. JAMES DIXWELL, one of the regiwith twenty companions to Citeaux, a cides, died at New Haven, Conn. marshy wilderness in France, where they 1678. CLAUDIUS FRANCIS MILLIET DEfounded a monastery. A valuable manu- CHALES, a French mathematician, died. script copy of the Bible in four volumes, His works, published in 3 vols. folio, are still preserved, attests the assiduity of the a complete course of mathematics. monk. 1741. The British Capt. KNOWLES de1318. The town and castle of Berwick stroyed the batteries at Passa Cavallo, taken by the generals of Bruce. Carthagena. 1380. Gunpowder is said to have been 1745. Ventilators, invented by the Rev. first used in Europe on this day, by the Dr. Hales, ordered by the council of EngVenetians against the Genoese. The dis- land to be introduced into Newgate. covery of the power of powder is attribut- 1757. ROBERT FRANCIS DAMIENS executed to Berthold Schwartz, a monk of May- ed at Paris for an attempt to assassinate ence, abolut 1300, though it is said to have Louis XV. He was the son of a poor been known in India very early, and ob- farmer, and from his vicious inclinations tained from them by the Arabians, who acquired the title of Robert le Diable. As employed it in a battle near Mecca in 690. the king was getting into his carriage at The use of gunpowder at the battles of Versailles, surrounded by his train, DaCressy and Poitiers in 1346 is questioned. miens stabbed him in the right side with a Rabelais says that the art of printing was knife. He was seized, tried and condemned 16 122 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 28. to a death of torture. Being drawn on a 1805. The county of Jefferson, in northsledge to the Place de Greve, he there had ern New York, erected. the flesh of his thighs, and arms torn off 1811. A hereditary monarchy established with red hot pincers, and the hand which in Hayti, and Christophe declared king by held the knife cut off. Afterwards his the title of Henry I. body was drawn and quartered by four 1814. Action in the neutral port of Valhorses, his members and corpse burnt and paraiso between the United States frigate the ashes thrown into the air. Essex, Capt. Porter, 52 guns, 255 men, and 1758. Action in the North Sea between the British ship Phebe and sloop of war 2 French anrd 2 British frigates;. one of the Cherub, in all 81 guns and 500 men. After former escaped, the other was captured a most sanguinary conflict of more than 2 with 40 guns and 340 men. hours, the Essex was captured, with the 1760. MARGARET WOFFINGTON, an emi- loss of 58 killed. nent Irish actress, died. Her talents and 1818. ALEXANDER SABEs PETION, presigood sense were greatly aided by extra- dent of Hayti, died. He joined the revoluordinary beauty of features and form. tion at the age of 20, and when the blacks 1778. Louis XVI issued letters of marque had succeeded in gaining their indepenand reprisal against England. dence, he was appointed governor of the 1783. A hill 500 feet in height was car- western province, and in 1807 elected preried four miles from its site by the great sident. Calabrian earthquake. 1836. RICHARD VALPY, an eminent Greek 7191. HONORE GABRIEL RIQUETTI, count and Latin scholar, died, aged 82, at Ken-' DE MIRABEAU, the distinguished French sington, England. revolutionist but debauched man, died. 1838. THOMAS MORTON, one of the most The French directory decreed a public successful of modern dramatists, died at mourning of eight days; and all the places London, aged 74. of amusement in Paris were shut on the 1849. The king of Prussia elected emday of his death. peror by the German parliament at Frank1794. J. B. V. GUILLOTINE was beheaded fort. He did not accept. at Lyons. There is some mistake about 1852. JOHN HAVILAND, an eminent archi! this event; the authority from which it is tect, died at Washington, aged 60. He derived stating that he was the inventor was born in England, and commenced his of the guillotine. (See March 20, and career in Russia. He came to this country April 25, 1792; also May 26, 1814.) highly recommended by J. Q. Adams, and 1794. JOHN ANTHONY NICHOLAS CARITAT, constru3ted many public works. He paid marquis de Condorcet, died. His mathe- especial attention to the construction of mathical essays at an early age procured jails and prisons. him a seat in the academy of sciences, of 1853. A peace address signed by 4000 which he was afterwards elected secretary. English merchants, bankers and traders, He published the lives of several eminent presented to Napoleon III at the Tuilleries. men of his day, and was an active con- 1854. War formally declared against tributor to the famous Encyclopedie. He Russia by Great Britain and France. unfortunately took part in the revolution, 1855. The United States marshal at and failing to keep pace with the ultra Philadelphia arrested 12 men who had enviews of the Robespierre party, was pro- listed in that city for a foreign legion. scribed, and died in prison either from want or by his own hand. 1801. RALPH ABERCROMBY died. He rose MARCH 28. from a common soldier, through all the gradations, to the highest rank in the army; 403. Battle of Pollentia and defeat of the was appointed commander in chief of the Huns under Alaric their leader. expedition to Egypt, and landed after a 1069. ABBA'D ABU' AMRU, surnamed the severe contest at Aboukir bay. He was ornament of the state, died; a Moorish king wounded and unhorsed at the battle of of Seville, who made extensive conquests Alexandria, notwithstanding which he dis- of the neighboring states, and was an extraarmed his antagonist, and kept the field ordinary character in his day. during the day and was victorious. He 1208. Notwithstanding the pope's interwas conveyed on board the admiral's ship dict, King John gave a receipt to the where he lingered a few days, and died. sacrist of Reading, for books which had He was buried beneath the castle of St. been in the custody of the abbot of that Elmo, in Malta. monastery. 1802. The planet Pallas discovered by 1315. RAYMOND LULLY stoned to death Dr. Olbers, at Bremen. Its revolution by the natives of Mauritania, in Africa, round the sun occupies 4 years, 7 months whither he had gone to convert the Moand 11 days. hammedans, at the age of 80. He was March 29.j EVERY DAY BOOK. 123 born at Majorca, 1235, and became attached died at the Hague. He was a member of to the gay court of James I of A'rragon. the parliament of Rouen, who upon the He- afterwards became the most celebrated proscription of the protestants fled to Holchemist and alchymist of his time. At the land. age of 30 he commenced the study of theo- 1726. JAMES PIERCE, an eminent English logy, for the purpose of converting infidels. divine, died. He was attached to a conHe went over to Africa to convert the Mo- gregation of presbyterians; but becoming hammedan doctors to Christianity, from an Arian was expelled from the desk. whence he narrowly escaped with his life. 1730. VINCENT HOUDRY; a French Jesuit, He made a second attempt several years died, aged 99. He was an eloquent preacher, after, which resulted in his banishment and his writings comprise about 30 vols. from that region; but he returned a third His last moments were embittered by the time, and was stoned to death. reflection that he could not be permitted 1405. Prince JAMES of Scotland, on his to reach his 100th year! passage to France, was seized by an Eng- 1751. THOMAS CORAM, projector of the lish corsair at Flamborough head, and con- folindling hospital, died. He was captain ducted to the English court. of a colonial trading vessel, and was 1461. Battle of Towton, which decided prompted to this charitable project, by frethe fate of the houses of York and Lan- quently seeing children exposed in the caster. The battle commenced at break of streets of London by the cruelty of their day in a snow storm, and was maintained parents, He persevered in this humane with deadly obstinacy till three in the design 17 years, and at last obtained a charafternoon. It is said 38,000 bodies were ter by his sole application. He was accusleft dead on the field, of whom the herald tomed to spend so much of his time and appointed to number the slain, returned money in charitable services, that in his that 28,000 were Lancastrlans. The duke old age he was dependent upon the chariof York, who won the day, made a tri- ties of others, when his principal beneumphal entry into York, where he ordered factor was the prince of Wales. the death of several prisoners, while Henry 1772. EMANUEL SWEDENBORG, founder of who lost his crown, escaped with difficulty the New-Jerusalem church, died in Lonto the borders. don, aged 84. His father was a Swedish 1562. PHILIP II of Spain and the Nether- Lutheran bishop, and the son received a lands to prevent the circulation of the scientific education, and became eminent scriptures and/ books favorable to the re- as a mathematical and philosophical writer, formation, issued a placard ordering the was ennobled, and shared the favor of the officers not only to visit the houses of king. From the pursuit of philosophy he booksellers, but diligently to watch that subsequently turned his attention to heavno pedler went about with books for sale. enly things, and became equally celebrated 1629. TOBIAS MATTHEWS, an able divine for his mystical reveries. His followers in the reign of James I, died. His talents have multiplied in Europe and America and worth raised him to the office of arch- since his death. bishop of York. 1792. GUSTAVUS III, king of Sweden, 1644. Battle of Cherington, where the died. He succeeded to the throne 1771. forces of Charles I, 14,000 strong, under His reign was a turbulent one, in which all Hopeton, were defeated by the parliament the arts and stratagems to which he was forces under Waller. obliged to resort, scarcely secured him in 1672. The test act of England passed, power. He formed a plan for uniting which required all officers of government Sweden, Russia, Prussia and Austria, with to receive the sacrament according to the himself at the head of the confederacy. church of England. While he was maturing his plans, a plot 1675. A large body of Indians attacked was formed among his nobility for assasthe town of Providence, R. I., and burnt sinating him. A masquerade at Stockholm 29 houses. The records of the town were was chosen for the perpetration of the deed. partially saved by being concealed in a mill He was shot in the back by Ankerstroom, pond. The town did: not recover from this a disbanded officer. disaster in more than sixty years. 1796. LA CHERETTE was executed; this 1689. THEOPHILUS BONET, a noted Swiss closed the Vendean or civil war at the physician, died. He spent several years commencement of the French revolution. at the best universities of Europe, in the 1797. The Mohawks relinquished all study of his profession, and became emi- their claims to land in the state of New York. nently successful. He published several 1799. The legislature of the state of medical treatises in his old age, valuable in New York passed a law for the gradual their day, for the facts and observations abolition of slavery in that state, providing which they contained. that every child born of a slave after the 1710. HENRY BASNAGE, a French lawyer, fourth of July in this year, should be free 124 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 29. at the age of 28 if a male, and 25 if a fe- which after the peace, went up to twenty male. per cent. above par. His great estate, how1807. The planet Vesta discovered by ever, accumulated more from the purchase Dr. Olbers. Its revolution is completed in of real estate, than from any other source. 3 years, 66 days and 4 hours. 1849. The Lahore war being finished, 1809. Oporto, in Portugal, taken by the the Punjaub was formally annexed to the French under Soult, and pillaged in spite British crown. of that general's endeavors to prevent it. 1849. LOURIANA THROWER died in Geor1814. BONAPARTE had his head quarters gia, aged 137. Her sight had failed, 20 at Troyes, from whence he moved by forced years before her death, but returned, so marches to Paris, by the road of Sens. that she coula read the finest print, and 1815. BONAPARTE abolished the slave her faculties remained almost unimpaired. trade in the French dominions. 1853. The jail at Chesterfield, S. C., 1829. The castle of Rumelia in Turkey destroyed by fire, and 8 prisoners burned. surrendered to the Greek army under Capo 1853. A democratic conspiracy discovered d'Istria. at Berlin, in Prussia, and 86 persons ar1837. The Alkhbar Fekai, (News and rested. Events) the first Persian newspaper, made its appearance at Teheran. It consisted of two closely written and lithographed pages, MARCH 30. one devoted to oriental, the other to foreign intelligence. Its conductor had been an 1756 A. M. The ark of Noah groupded envoy to London, whence he carried' home on the 17th of 2d month, Marchesvan (corwith him and executed the idea of a news- responding with this date), after the watpaper-the most efficient missionary for ers had prevailed upon the earth 150 days, the spread of civilization and intelligence (See Nov. 2.) the world has ever known. 317 B. c. PHOCIoN, the Athenian general, 1844. E. PENDLETON KENNEDY, of the executed by poison. He was of an obscure United States navy and commander of the family, and rose by his own merits. He battle ship Pennsylvania, died at Nor- was placed at the head of the Athenian folk, Va. armies 45 times, and on all occasions dis1848. JOHN JACOB ASTOR, founder of the played great ability; nor was he less illusAstor library, died in New York, aged 80. trious for his virtues. Yet neither his He was a native of Germany, and during a virtues nor his services could shield him residence of nearly 60 years in America, from the malace of his enemies, and he amassed a fortune of about twenty millions was condemned on a false accusation of of dollars. He landed in this country with treason. I a trifling sum in his pocket, and early com- 1280. HUGH BALSAM, bishop of Ely, enmenced business as a trader in fur. and dowed his foundation of Peterhouse, the when the state of New York was a wilder- first college in the University of Cambridge. ness, made frequent voyages up the Mo- 1282. Massacre of 8,000 French by the hawk, to trade with the Indians. As his people of Sicily. It began at Palermo as wealth increased, he enlarged his business the bell was tolling for evening service, until by the formation of the American Fur and hence it has taken the quaint title of Company, he was a competitor with the the Sicilian Vespers. great capitalists of Europe, the proprietor 1296. Berwick, on the borders of Scotof the North Western and Canadian fur land, taken by assault by the English uncompanies. Such was his enterprise, that der Edward I, and about 17,000 of the he extended his business to the mouth of inhabitants put to the sword. the Columbia river and formed the first fur 1323. A truce for 13 vears concluded at establishment there, known as Astoria. Thorpe, between Edward II, who had' Several expensive expeditions were fitted been recently defeated at Biland Abbey, out by him, of overland journeys, to the and Robert Bruce. Pacific, some of which were executed by 1327. EDWARD III, then newly inauguindividuals with great suffering. Formany rated, in his fifteenth year, convoked his years previous to the war of 1812, and sub- splendid and gallant rendezvous at York, sequently, Mr. Astor was extensively en- of 60,000 men at arms, including 500 beltgaged in the Canton trade, and during the ed knights, animated by the presence of war was so fortunate that several of his the queen mother, and fifty ladies of the ships arrived here with valuable cargoes in highest rank, to revenge the breach of the safety. The profits on those ships were treaty made by the Scots with his father. enormous. Mr. Astor made large invest- 1363. EDWARD III first distributed the ments in American stocks, which he pur- Maunday for the purification of the poor. chased duiing the war with Great Britain, 1587. RALPH SADLER, an English statesat sixty to seventy cents on the dollar, and man, died. He filled some of the highest March 30.J EVERY DAY BOOK. 125 offices of state under Henry VIII and Eli- covered a coffin 11 feet 3 inches long, 3 feet zabeth, with ability. 9 inches deep, inclosing a skeleton of gi1601. HENRY CUFFEE, celebrated for his gantic size. wit, learning and misfortunes, was executed'1781. Mutiny disclosed on board U. S. at Tyburn. An epigram alluding to his frigate Aliance, Capt. Barry, on return from Greek, says: France to Boston. The plot was disclosed Thy alpha was crowned with hope, by an Indian named Mahoinman, on the Thy omega proved but a rope. eve of its being carried into effect. It was 1612. JOHN WOWER, a distinguished intended to murder the officers and take German politician and literary character, the-ship to England or Ireland.. This was died at Gottorp. the second mutiny in the service, the first 1621. JomH KING, an English prelate, having occurred on the same vessel, two died. He was chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, years before (see Feb. 3d). The third was and so popular a preacher, as to acquire seasonably disclosed on board the Somers the title of " the king of preachers." Coke in 1842. declares him " the best speaker in the star 1783. WILLIAM HUNTER, an eminent chamber of his time." British anatomist, died. He was educated 1638. JOHN DAVENPORT, a celebrated at the University of Glasgow, and in 1746 preacher of Coleman street, London, and established himself in London as a teacher several of his followers, having purchased of anatomy, where he distinguished himof the natives all the lands lying between self; and his works on medical subjects, the rivers Connecticut and Hudson, sailed which appeared at short intervals, added from Boston for Quinnipiack, now New to his reputation. He built an anatomical Haven. The colony was organized under theatre and museum, and ultimately cola tree, and they agreed to be governed in lected there a library of Greek and Roman civil matters by the laws of God until they classics, and a valuable cabinet of medals, could make better I now deposited in the university of Glas-.1647. Mutiny in the parliamentary army gow. on account of arrearages of pay due to the 1793. The English under General Mcsoldiery, many of them having twelve Bride took possession of Ostend in France. months' pay due. 1796. The French army under Beaulieu 1669. WILLIAM SOMNER, an English an- entered the Genoese territory. tiquary, died. He was indefatigable in 1798. Ireland declared in a state of rehis researches, and acquired the old Gaelic, bellion, and orders issued for disarming Irish, Scotch, Danish, Gothic, Saxon, and the United Irishmen, and all disaffected other northern dialects, that he might with persons, by the most summary and effectgreater accuracy and success develop the ual measures. records of ancient times. He published a 1799. Second battle of Verona (March Saxon dictionary and some other works. 26). The French under Moreau were again 1707. SEBASTIAN LE PRESTRE, seigneur successful, but the division under Scherer de Vauban, a celebrated French engineer, having being beaten again by the imperidied. He was taken prisoner in the ser- alists were obliged to halt to cover the vice of Spain, and persuaded to enter the main body of the army. French army, in which he distinguished 1800. Action between the French ship himself by a most unexampled career. Guilleaume Tell, Admiral Dacres, 84 guns, During his life he had been engaged in 140 1000 men, and three British ships of 180 actions, conducted 53 sieges, assisted in guns, Capt. Berry. The Frenchman was repairing 300 ancient citadels, and erected the last ship of the Nile fleet that remained 33 new ones. His publications were prin- uncaptured, and was taken after a most cipally on fortifications, and he left 12 large determined resistance, with the loss of 200 volumes in manuscript, containing obser- killed. British loss, 101; among the vations, thoughts, &c., which he called wounded was Capt. Berry. his oisiv&t6s (idlenesses). 1801. Jail liberties for the first time 1756. STEPHEN DUCK, an English poet, established in the state of New York, and committed suicide. He was a persevering prisoners entitled to the benefit of them, character, entirely self taught, and his on giving a bond and sufficient sureties to poems were above mediocrity. The queen the sheriff, that they would remain true bestowed upon him a pension, which en- and faithful prisoners, and not at any time abled him to take orders, and he obtained or in anywise escape. "a living;" in which office he sustained 1806. JOSEPH BONAPARTE proclaimed himself with credit. Notwithstanding his king of Naples. good fortune, his spirits became depressed, 1810. LUIGI LAeZr, a modern Italian and he was led to cut short his existence archeologist and writer on art, died of apby throwing himself into the Thames. oplexy. 1761. At Tregony, in Cornwall, was dis- 1813. The prince regent of England no 126 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 30. tified to foreign ministers in London, that Lord God a thousand four hundred and effcient measures had been pursued to lxxiiij." place New York, Delaware, Port Royal, 1547. FRANCIS I of France died. He Charleston, Savannah, and the river MiW- was the rival and opponent of Charles V sissippi in a state of blockade. of Germany, with whom he was involved 1814. Battle of La Cole Mills, Canada; in war during almost his whole reign, with Gen. Wilkinson was repulsed with the loss various success, and to whom he was once of 13 killed and 123 wounded; British loss, a prisoner, with his two sons. He was a 13 killed, 45 wounded. patron of literature and the arts. 1814. The allied army after a sanguinary 1605. An expedition fitted out by the resistance from Marmont, and Mortier, ad- earl of Southampton and Lord Arundel, vanced to the gates of Paris, and offered under the command of George Weymouth, terms of capitulation, which were agreed sailed from the Downs with a view to the to. discovery of a north-west passage to India, 1834. RUDOLPH ACKERMAN died; the the passion for which was now in its full originator of the British annuals, and the vigor. first to introduce the lithographic art into 1621. PHIL1P III of Spain died. He asEngland, and lighting by gas into Lon- cended the throne of his father at the age don. of 20. The war with Holland, which had 1844. THORWALDSEN, the sculptor, buried revolted, was continued with great spirit, at Copenhagen with regal honors; the king and the siege of Ostend maintained three and princes and chief officers of state act- years, at great expense, and the loss of ing as mourners, followed by troops and 80,000 men before it was reduced. He improcessions of the different guilds and or- prudently banished th6 Moors from his ders of citizens, and a concourse of thous- kingdom, and thus deprived himself of a ands. The streets were lined with sol- million of peaceable and useful artists; a diers as at a royal funeral; and the queen loss which the country has never recovered and princesses attended the service in the from. church. At the end of the ceremony, 1631. JOHN DONNE, an English poet and the king headed a subscription for a mo- divine, died. He embraced protestantism nument on a magnificent scale by the regal at an early age, which together with his donation of $25,000. shining talents, procured him favors and 1849. General HAYNAU assaulted Bres- emoluments. Dryden styles him " the cia, which, after great slaughter, was taken greatest wit, though not the greatest poet, and sacked. of the nation," and his eloquence as a di1854. A fight took place 12 miles from vine is also attested to. Loar, between a company of 60 dragoons 1654. Cockfighting prohibited in Engunder Lieut. J. W. Davidson, and a party land by the parliament (called an act of of nearly 300 Apache and Utah Indians. the usurpation). The dragoons lost 21 killed and 18 wound- 1656. JAMES USHER, archbishop of Ared; the Indian loss unknown. magh, died, aged 76. He was advanced 1856. Treaty of peace between the by James I and Charles I, and courted by French, English, and Turks on one side, Cromwell. and the Russians on the other, signed at 1665. The English authorities issued an Paris. order to imprison George Fox, the founder of the sect called Quakers, for his sermons MARCH 31. against the awful crime of building meeting houses with steeples. 32 B. C. TITus POMPONIUS ATTICUS, a dis- 1698. PETER JOSEPH D'ORLEANS, a French tinguished Roman, died. He understood Jesuit, died. He professed belles-lettres, the art of conducting himself so well, that and wrote several valuable histories and amidst the civil wars and party strife of biographies. the time in which he lived, he preserved 1713. Peace of Utrecht concluded, which the respect and esteem of all parties. - He placed England at the head of the Euroreached the age of 77 without sickness; pean states, and humbled the ambition of but finding himself at last attacked by a France. slight disease, he resolved to put an end to 1763. Mr. HARRISON was granted ~5,000 his life by abstaining from food, and ex- for the construction of a chronometer to depired in five days. termine with more accuracy the longitude 1474. The first book printed in England at sea. finished by Caxton as appears by the fol- 1765. The Jesuits expelled from Madrid lowing entry: "The Game and Playe of the and all Spain. The order was finally supChesse; translated out of the French and pressed by the pope, 1773. emprynted by William Caxton. Fynished 1774. The bill for closing the port of the last day of Marche, the yer of our Boston received the royal assent. March 31.] EVERY DAY, BOOK. 127 1783. NAKITA IVANOWITZ, count de Pa- cannon, and great quantities of stores, nin, a Russian statesman, died. He was &c. raised from the rank of a horse soldier, 1814. Paris capitulated to the allied army, under Elizabeth, became a general under about 2-o'clock in the morning, and the Peter, and prime minister of the great French troops evacuated it at 7, hostilities Catharine. He possessed great powers of to commence in 2 hours. At 11, the conmind, and other qualifications for the high querors entered the city with the emperor places which he occupied, but his business of Russia and the king of Prussia at their habits were lax, his conduct haughty, and head. his manners dissolute. 1827. LUDWIG VON BEETHOVEN, a German 1791. MATTHIAS OGDEN, a revolutionary musical composer, died. His works are patriot, died. He was one of the first that numerous, and universally known and adjoined Washington at Cambridge; he pene- mired. His musical talents procured him trated the wilderness with Arnold to Cana- wealthy patrons among the nobility, by da, and was wounded in the attack on whom he was munificently supported. He Quebec. On his return he was promoted was extremely deaf, and eccentric in his by congress, and remained in the army manners. through the war., 1831. EDWARD AUGUSTUS HOLYOAKE, a 1794. The national convention of France, venerated New England physician, died, in the plenitude of omniscience, decreed aged 100. He was born at Salem, Mass., that there,was no God! 100 years after its settlement, and was a 1795. The British museum purchased practicing physician there 79 years. He the oriental manuscripts of Mr. Halstead, enjoyed uninterrupted good health during the disciple of the prophet Brothers. life, and at a dinner given by a number of 1797. DANIEL BULL MACARTNEY, an Irish the profession on his centennial annivergentleman, died, aged 112. He married sary, he appeared among them with a firm his fifth wife, who survived him, at the step. On a post mortem examination, all age of 84, when she was 14, by whom he the vital organs appeared to have been unhad 20 children in 20 years. His constitu- impaired by age and capable of sustaining tion was so hardy that no cold affected life much longer, except the stomach, him, and he could not bear the warmth of which was divided by a stricture, leaving a sheet in the night time for the last 70 an aperture less than an inch in diayears of his life. In company he drank meter. freely of rum and brandy, which he called 1831. Battle of Praga, between the naked truth; and retained his activity to Poles under Skrzynecki, and the Rusthe time of his death. sians of 8000 under Geismar, in which 1797. BONAPARTE, from his head quar- the latter were almost totally destroyed, ters at Klagenfurth, offered peace to the with the loss of 4000 prisoners and 1600 archduke Charles. cannon. 1801. The island of Santa Cruz, in the 1831. An Irish scholar and divine, Rev. West Indies, surrendered to the British HYNES HALLORAN, chaplain to the Britanunder Admiral Duckworth. It was after- nia in the battle of Trafalgar, was transwards restored. ported for seven years, for forging a frank, 1806. GEORGE MACARTNEY, a celebrated value 19 pence. British statesman, died. He was employed 1835. JOHN WHITCOMB, a soldier of the in several important embassies and other revolution, died at Swanzey, N. H., aged offices, till in 1792 he was selected as am- 104. bassador extraordinary to China, a mission 1836. MATTHEW LUMSDEN died; an emiwhich occupied three years, and engaged nentorientalist. much attention in Europe; and an account 1837. The president at interim of Mexof which has been published in 3 vols. ico protested " in the most solemn manquarto by Sir G. Staunton. ner, before all civilized nations, against 1807. Slave trade abolished by the Brit- the acknowledgment of the pretended ish government. republic of Texas made by the United 1812. WELLS, the pedestrian, undertook States." for 5 pounds, to walk from Westminster 1839. Battle of Pago Largo in South bridge, London, to Croydon and back, in America, between the troops of Corrientes two hours, a distance of 19 miles. He per- and Entre Rios, two provinces of the Arformed it in 2 minutes less than the time, gentine republic. The former were debut dropped down with fatigue, and was feated with a loss stated at 1960, including unable to walk home. the commander-in-chief. 1813. Battle of St. Antonio, Mexico, 1851. JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN, one of between the royalists and patriots. The the most distinguished American statesformer were defeated with the loss of men, died, aged 68, a senator from South 100 killed, their camp equipage, 6 Carolina. 128 EVERY DAY BOOK. [March 31. 1852. Tremont Temple, Boston, entirely 1854. Gen. CANROBERT and more than destroyed by fire. 1000 French troops landed at Gallipoli. 1854. THOMAS NOON TALFOURD, an Eng- 1854. The artisans of Barcelona, Spain, lish judge and dramatist, died, aged 57. to the number of 1500 proceeded to the He cultivated literature as a refreshing re- municipality and demanded that the price lief from the labors of his profession. He of provisions should be reduced and wages died while charging the jury. increased. APRIL. APRIL 1. 1712. Lord BOLINGBROKE stated in parliament, that in the great contest, called "the 168 B. C. EMYLIUS PAULUS passed from glorious wars of Queen Anne," the duke Brundusium to Corcyra (the modern Corfu) of Marlborough had not lost a single battle, on his famous Macedonian expedition, and and yet the French had carried their point, on the 6th, sacrificed at the shrine of Del- the succession to the Spanish monarchy, phi. the pretended cause for so great an enter1386. JAMES AUDLEY, an English war- prise. Dean Swift called this statement "a rior, died. He distinguished himself un- due donation for allfools day." der Edward III in the wars with France, 1720. JOHN LEARE2 an English admiral, and on their return was liberally rewarded died. He fought against the far famed Van by his sovereign for the deeds of heroism Tromp, but the battle at La Hogue most he had displayed in the service. distinguished him. 1405. TAMERLANE, chan of the Tartars, 1729. The grand jubilee began.t Rome. died. He is supposed to have been the 1732. JOHNBBURCHARD MENCKE, a learned son of a shepherd, and raised himself by German author, died at Leipsic, where he his courage and prudence to the sovereign- had conducted the Acta Eruditorum 25 ty of nearly three quarters of the world. years, a valuable work begun by his father He was preparing for the invasion of China in 1682, and which'established a corwhen death put a stop to his career at the respondence with the learned men of early age of 36. Europe. 1506. ERASMUS was entertained at Lon- 1764. An annular eclipse of the sun was don by the great and learned men of the observed at LEondon. day. 1764. At Monmouth assizes a girl, aged 1614. HENRY DE MONTMORENCY, con- 18, was burned for murdering her mistress. stable of France, died. He distinguished This was among the last punishments by himself in several famous battles. Ca- burning in England. tharine de Medici found means to disgrace 1775. Col. DANIEL BOONE, the Kentucky him, when he retired to Savoy, and made pioneer, began to erect the fort of Boonssuccessful war upon his country. He lived borough, at a salt lick, 60 yards from the to be promoted to the highest office under Kentucky river. the king. 1779. JOHN LANGHORNE, an English poet 1672. ARCHIBALD ARMSTRONG, privileged and divine, died. Besides poems, sermons jester or fool of Charles V, died. There is and miscellanies, by which he is favorably a little book high priced and of little worth known, the translation of Plutarch in comentitled.Archibald's Jests. mon use bears his name. 1696. Pare GERBILLON, the Jesuit mis- 1789. First meeting of congress under sionary (see May 30th), accompanied the the federal constitution. imperial Chinese army into Tartary, in the 1794. The British under Sir John Jervis suite of the emperor, being his fifth jour- took the island of St. Helena. ney into that country. 1794. JOHN LEWIS LOMBARD, a German 1696. JOHN BIGG, an English hermit, professor of artillery, died. He wrote died, aged 97. He begged pieces of leather, several works on the movement of prowhich he nailed to his clothes, till he be- jectiles and the principles of gunnery. came a truly grotesque figure. One of his 1797. The French under Bernadotte enshoes is preserved in the Bodleian museum, tered Lauback, the capital of Carniola. At and is made up of about a thousand the same time Massena, commanding the patches of leather; advance guard of the French army, at17 130 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 1. tacked the imperialists in the defiles near APIIL 2. Neumark; the strife being between the flower of the Austrian army and the French 1081. Constantinople besieged by Alexveterans of Italy, was most obstinately ius Commenus. contested. The French, however, carried 1507. FRANCIS, of Paula, founder of the the day. order of Minims, died. 1799. Assault upon the works of St. 1512. Florida discovered by Ponce de Jean d'Acre, in Palestine. The French Leon. were repulsed with great loss. 1594. A skirmish at Edinburgh between 1808. Russian'ukase prohibiting the the earl of Bothwell and the cavalry of introduction of British goods into the King James. Russian ports. 1640. MATTHIAS SARBIEUSKI CASSIMIR, a 1810. State marriage of Napoleon Bona- Polish Jesuit, died. He was so excellent a parte with the archduchess Maria Louisa Latin poet that his poems have been of Austria celebrated at St. Cloud. The thought to be equal to some of the best emperor caused a medal to be struck on Latin authors, not excepting Horace and the occasion, with the singular device of Virgil. He had begun an epic in the style Love bearing a thunderbolt. of Virgil, called The Lesciades, but died 1826. IsAAc MILNER, an English mathe- before it was completed. Many editions matician and theological writer, died. He of his poems have been published. was brought up to the weaving business, 1640. PAUL FLEMMING, one of the best but occupied his leisure with the classics German poets of the 17th century, died. and mathematics. He was the tutor of 1683. WILLIAM PENN gave his colonists Wilberforce and Pitt. in Pennsylvania a new charter. 1832. War broke out between the Win- 1696. There fell in many parts of Ireland nebago and other Indian tribes and the a thick dew, which the country people United States. called butter, from the consistency and 1832. The London Penny Magazine, un- color of it, being soft, clammy, and of a der the superintendence of the society for dark yellow. This phenomenon had for the diffusion of useful knowledge, com- some time been of frequent occurrence; it menced. fell always in the night, and chiefly in 1833. JOHN HOOKER ASHMUN, professor moorish low grounds, on the top of the of law in Harvard university, died. He grass, and on the thatch of the cabins. It had not attained his 33d year, yet he had frequently lay a fortnight without changing gathered about him all the honors which its color, and had a bad odor, like that of are usually the harvest of a riper life. church yards or graves. 1837. ROBERT HAWKER, an English di- 1698. The earl of Bellemont arrived at vine, died at Plymouth, England. In 1814 New York to succeed Fletcher as governor. he published the holy scriptures in penny 1736. JACOB ToNSON the elder, a noted numbers for the use of the poor. English bookseller, died. 1843. JOHN ARMSTRONG, aged 84, died at 1743. Birthday of THOMAS JEFFERSON' Red Hook, N. Y. He was the author of third president of the United States. the celebrated Newburgh Letters, and a pro- 1747. JOHN JAMES DILLENIUS, a German minent soldier in the war of the American botanist, died in England. He is considrevolution, and for some time secretary of ered as the father of cryptogamic botany. war under President Madison. His works were illustrated with plates, 1844. PETER S. DUPONCEAU SO favorably admirably drawn and engraved by himknown as a scholar and statesman, died at self. Philadelphia, aged 84. In his 78th year 1754. THOMAS CARTE, an English histohe published his Dissertation on the Chinese rian, died. He was engaged several years Language. in writing a, history of England, which 1853. SANTA ANNA arrived at Vera Cruz, was published in four vols. folio, and having been elected president of Mexico esteemed a work of great' merit. by the vote of 19 out of 25 states. 1755. Severndroog castle, on the coast 1856. ISAAC MCKEEVER, an American of Malabar, the rendezvous of the celecommodore, died at Norfolk, Va., where bratpd pirate Angria, taken by the British he commanded the navy yard. under Com. Jones. 1856. TheEmperorALEXANDER published 1768. JOHN BAPTIST BOYER, a French at St. Petersburg a proclamation announc- physician, died. He distinguished himing the signing of the treaty of peace with self by the skill which he displayed durEngland, France and Turkey which ter- ing the plague at Marseilles. minated the struggle between Russia on 1784. County of Washington, in the the qne side, and England, France and state of New York, erected. Turkey on the other, and prolonged the 1791. HONORE GABRIEL RIQUETTI, count salvation of the latter country. de Mirabeau, the French revolutionist, April 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 131 died. He was an extraordinary character, one of the founders of the Geological soof great talent and ambition, but whose ciety, of London, and constructed several genius was controlled by the worst pro- valuable maps, the most celebrated of pensities. He was the master spirit of the which is a geological and physical map of revolution, and had he lived might have all India, giving the geological attributes of given it a different character. His funeral each district between the plateaux north was conducted with great pomp by the of the Himalaya and cape Cormorin. enthusiastic populace. 1793. DUMOURIEZ, the French general, arrested the minister of war and the com- APRIL 3. missioners of the convention, who had. been sent to arrest him, and delivered 13. AuGusTus, emperor of Rome, signed them to the Austrian general, Clairfait. his will, bequeathing to the Roman people 1794. The British took the island of St. 40,000,000 sesterces, (about $1,600,000,) Lucia, in the West Indies, belonging to the and divorced the two Julias, his daughter French. It was ceded to the British in and grand-daughter, from his sepulchre. 1814. It was written upon two skins of parch1794. WILLIAM JONEs,a distinguished ori- ment. ental scholar, died in India. 33. JEsus CHRIST, our Savior, crucified. 1801. Battle of Copenhagen, between 68. GALBA accuses Nero before the peothe Danish and British fleets, the latter ple of his enormities, and elects himself under Nelson and Parker. The Danish lieutenant of the state. ships and batteries were entirely destroyed, 1068. WILLIAM, the conqueror, again with the loss of 1600 men killed and imposes the tax of Danegelt which occawounded. British loss, 254 killed, 689 sioned an armed opposition at Exeter. wounded. Nelson was created viscount 1143. JOHN II (Commenus), emperor of on his return home, and his honors made the East, died. He ascended the throne hereditary, even in the female line. of Constantinople on the death of his 1804. JEAN MOSSEQUIN died at Portien, father; was victorious over the Mohamin France, aged 103. He was married the medans and other foes; and swayed the day before to his ninth wife, Marie Vas- sceptre with wisdom and ability. cois, aged 19. He left twenty-nine child- 1367. Battle of Navarette, and victory ren. of Edward the black prince, by which Pe1817. MRS. McCowEN, aged 77, died at ter the cruel was replaced on the Castilian Lewistown, Pa. She was one of the first throne. white women that came up the long nar- 1421. Battle of Beauge, in France, when rows to that wilderness which is now a the duke of Clarence and 1500 English fruitful field. were slain. 1817. KosciusKo abolished servitude in 1617. JOHN NAPIER, baron of Merchiston, his domain of Siechnowieze, in Poland, died. He was born in Scotland, in 1550, and declared his ancient serfs free, ex- and after completing his education travempted from all charges and quit-rents, eled on the continent. On his return he and fully entitled to their chattels and devoted himself to the cultivation of lands. science and literature, became a distin1821. Erie county, New York, erected. guished mathematician, and was regarded 1823. First paper in Syracuse. by Kepler as one of the greatest men of 1839. HEZERKIAH NLES died, at Wilming- the age. He is known as the inventor of ton, Delaware, aged 63. He is known as logarithms for the use of navigators. the founder, and for twenty-five years the 1646. THOMAS LYDIAT, an English chrointelligent and laborious editor of Niles's nologer, died. He early devoted himself Weekly Register, a valuable journal pub- to literature, became an able scholar, and lished at Baltimore. In private life he was deservedly esteemed by the learned was one of the most amiable of men. of the times. 1840. RICHARD PHILLIPS, a self-educated 1707. EDMUND DICKINSON, alearned EngEnglish author, and editor of various pub- lish physician, died. He was appointed lications, died, aged 73. His original physician to Charles II and his successor; name is said to have been Philip Richard, and retired from practice to become an and he was many years an eminent Lon- author. don bookseller. He established the Monthly 1717. JAMES OZENHAM, an eminent Magazine, which at one time had a great French mathematician, died. He taught circulation. He was afterwards elected mathematics at Paris, and acquired propsheriff, and received the honor of knight- erty; but the Spanish war reduced his hood. finances, and the death of his wife and 1855. GEORGE BELLAS GREENOUGH, an twelve children embittered his last days. English geologist, died, aged 77. He was His works are numerous and valuable. 132 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 3. 1736. JOHN ALBERT FABRICIUS, a learned harie county, N. Y., aged 72. He was a German, died at Hamburgh. He was an British officer at the battle of Minden, and indefatigable scholar, of great modesty and an American officer during the whole war simplicity of manners, and so highly es- of the revolution. The chain across the teemed by the citizens of Hamburgh, that Hudson at West Point was constructed when invited elsewhere, the senate pre- under his direction, and he was wounded vailed on him by a superior salary, not to at Bunker Hill and Fort Montgomery. relinquish his residence among them. 1826. REGINALD HEBER, bishop of Cal. 1760. JAMES BENIGNUS WINSLOW, an cutta, died. He was zealous in his calling, eminent Danish anatomist, died. He went and no doubt accelerated his death by his to Paris, where his talents were appreciated devotion to the cause of his master. He and rewarded.' ranks high among the British poets. 1763. All the gibbets on the Edgeware 1829. Safety banking fund in the state road, on which many malefactors were of New York established. hung in chains, near London, were cut 1833. NICHOLAS IPSILANTI, an officer of down by unknown persons. the Greek revolution, died, at the age of 1764. The archduke JOSEPH chosen and 35. crowned king of the Romans. 1838. M. ANTOMARCHI, physician of Na1775. New York colonial legislature held poleon at St. Helena, died at St. Jago de its last session. Cuba. He was a native of Corsica, and 1783. Treaty of amity andcommerce for left a professorship at Florence, in order fifteen years between the United States and to accompany the exiled emperor. He Sweden concluded by Franklin. attended him in his last moments, of 1791. JOHN BERKENHOUT, a literary and which he has given an account, and remedical character, died. He was the son ceived a legacy of 100,000 francs. He of a Dutch merchant, and experienced afterwards practiced medicine in Paris, many vicissitudes; first served in the where he published a series of beautiful Prussian and afterwards in the English and expensive anatomical plates. On the army; studied medicine at Leyden; and revolt of the Poles he hastened thither, in 1778 came with certain commissioners and took the direction of the medical esto America, where he was imprisoned by tablishments. congress, on which account he enjoyed a 1854. JOHN WILSON, a Scottish author, pension from the British government. died, aged 69. He is well known as the 1792. GEORGE PococKE, an English ad- Christopher North of Blackwood's Magazine. miral, died. He signalized himself by the 1856. GORHAM A. WORTH, a New York capture of Havana, and many other impor- financier, died, aged 72. tant services.. 1856. President COMMONFORT returned 1793; DUMOURIEZ, the French general, to the city of Mexico after a triumph at who escaped from the lines, under the Puebla, where the rebel army surrendered repeated fire of three battalions, joined to him, and where the rebel generals were the Austrians, accompanied by several reduced to the rank of privates. other officers. 1811. Partial action on the Coa. near Sabugal, between the advanced posts of the British, and a division of the French APRIL 4. army under Massena, who was defeated, and the French expelled from Portugal. 357. B. c. A transit of the moon over 1813. Action near Urbanna, on the the planet mars observed by Aristotle. Chespeake, between 17 British barges and 397. AMBROSE, archbishop of Milan, 2 schooners, and 3 letters of marque and 1 died. He was famous for the zeal which privateer of Baltimore; the latter were he manifested in the cause of the church, captured. and the severity with which he censured 1814. The French conservative senate the emperor Theodosius, who had barbarsolemnly decreed that Bonaparte had for- ously ordered several innocent persons to feited the throne, and released all persons be put to death at Thessalonica. The Te from their oaths of allegiance to him. Deurn is attributed to him. 1815. Eruption of mount Tomboro, on 1284. ALPHONSO X, of Castile, died. the island of Sumbawa, distant about 800 He was elected emperor of Germany 1258, miles from Batavia, in the Indian Ocean. but neglecting to visit the empire, Rodol1816. Treaty of peace concluded by phus was chosen in his place. He was Lord Exmouth, commanding a British fleet dethroned by his own son, and compelled before Algiers, between the Dey and Sar- to seek protection among the Saracens. dinia, and 51 Sardinian prisoners liberated. His fame as an astronomer and a man of 1816. THOMAS MACHIN, an officer of the letters, is greater than as a monarch. He revolution, died at his residence in Scho- is the first Castilian king who had the April 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 133 public laws and the scriptures drawn in mann) a Saxon physician, died. He became the vulgar tongue. professor of poetry and philosophy at 1581. DRAKE, the navigator, was knight- Leipsic, and published several works of ed on board his famous ship, the Pelican, considerable merit. at Deptford. 1669. JOHANN MICHAEL MOSCHEROSCH, a 1588. FREDERICK II, of Denmark, died. (German writer, died. His celebrity conHe was a liberal and enlightened ruler, sisted chiefly in some satirical pieces enwho enlarged the happiness of his people titled Wunderliche un~d aehrhafte Geschichte and patronized learning. The astronomer Philanders von Sittewald. Tycho Brahe, particularly, was indebted 1704. The first newspaper printed in the to him for munificent'protection and ad- United States, appeared at Boston, called vancement. the Boston News Letter. 1589. Lady BURLEIGH, eldest daughter 1706. JOHN BAYLES, an English butttonof Sir Anthony Cooke, and a highly dis- maker, died, aged 130. He used to walk tinguished literary character, died, aged to the neighboring markets with his but63. This age was prolific of literary wo- tons till he was 120 years of age. men. 1720. KNIGHTLY CHETWODE, dean of 1593. Three Samuels of Warboys con- Gloucester, died. He wrote several poems, demned for bewitching the children of and a life of lord Roscommon. Mr. Throgmorton at Huntington, England. 1743. ROBERT AINSWORTH, an English 1594. SYLVESTER WYET, of Bristol, Eng- teacher, died. In 1714 he was invited by land, made a voyage up the gulf of St. the English booksellers to undertake the Lawrence, for the barbs or fins of whales compilation of an English and Latin dicand train oil. He met with 60 sail of tionary, on the plan of Faber's Thesaurus. French, and 28 sail of Englishmen, engaged The task proved to be more difficult than in fishing at this early day. had been anticipated, and was not com1634. ROBERT NAUNTON,'an English pleted till 1736. statesman, died. He was secretary of state 1747. Number Four (Charlestown, N. to James I, and published some curious H.) attacked by a large body of French anecdotes of the reign of Elizabeth, under and Indians under M. Debeline, and galthe title of Fragmentid Regalia. lantly defended by 30 men, under major 1638. Massachusetts patent demanded. Stevens. The enemy kept up a brisk A quo warranto having been brought by assault night and day; when, on the third the attorney general of England against the day, being in a starving condition, and governor and corporation of Massachusetts, finding it impracticable to force or persuade and judgment given that the liberties and a surrender, they retired and were seen no franchises should be seized into the king's more. This was considered one of the hand, the council made an order requiring most chivalrous feats of the time. that the charter should be returned by the 1764. MICHAEL LOMONOZOF, a Russian next ship. Arbitrary measures were pur- poet, died. From the occupation of a sued in reply to the petitions of the colony, fishmonger he rose to be the "father of and 8 ships prepared to sail for New Eng- Russian poetry," and a philosopher of no land were detained in the Thames by order mean pretensions. He published a history of the privy council. By this order, Oli- of the Russian sovereigns, and an ancient ver Cromwell, Arthur Hazelrig, John history of Russia, from the origin of the Hambden and other malcontents, were nation. His odes are greatly admired for forcibly prevented from emigrating to the originality of invention, sublimity of America. How little did Charles antici- sentiment, and energy of language. pate that by this high-handed measure he 1769. HYDER ALLY, the adventurous was detaining the very men who were des- East India chief, compelled the English to tined to overturn histhrone, and terminate form a treaty with him. his career by a violent death. 1770. JAMES PARSONS, an eminent Eng1643. SIMoN EPIscoPIUS, an able Dutch lish physician, died. He was the corresdivine, died. He embraced the doctrines pondent of Buflon and other learned of Arminus in relation to predestination, characters on the continent, and an able which exposed him to much persecution writer on physic, anatomy, natural history, and obloquy, and finally led to his banish- antiquities,' language, and the fine artt. ment from the commonwealth: he after- 1714. OLIVER GOLDSMITH died, aged 46. wards was permitted to return, and became He received a partial education at Dublin minister of the remonstrant church. His college, after which he strayed from home, death happening at the moment of an and making a tour on the continent, afoot eclipse of the moon, was considered as an and alone, with a flute in his hand, fixed emblem of the departure of the brightest himself, on his return, in London, as a ornament of the church. builder of books. The details of his life are 1656. ANDREW RIVINUs, (alias Barch- interesting, chequered as they are with 134 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 4. vicissitudes, As a bookseller's hack he history of all the ancient canals which had was particularly successful; but the liber- been previously undertaken, accomplished ality of his disposition and want of econ- and even projected. Although a sceptic, omy, contributed to keep' him in want, he is said to have been "religious, in his and sometimes brought him to starvation. own way." He diedabout ~2,000 indebt. Hisworks, 1809. The legislature of Pennsylvania though most of them were produced on passed a law directing the poor to be sent the spur of the moment, to procure the to the most convenient school and their necessaries of life, are still found in almost tuition paid. every library. 1812. Congress passed an embargo law 1777. JOHN SWINToN, an English anti- for 90 days. quary, died. His literary productions, 1814. Bonaparte having received the which are numerous, appeared originally opinions of his marshals abdicates the in the Philosophical Transactions, and imperial throne in favor of his son, only relate principally to antiquities. to be succeeded the next day by a relin1786. Columbia county, in the state of quishment in favor of his heirs also. New York, erected. 1815. Hostilities between France and 1793. General DUMOURIEZ, accompanied the allied powers ceased. Alexander I, by General Valance and young Egalite in the name of the allies, recommended (Louis Philip), afterwards king of France, Bonaparte to choose a place of retreat for narrowly escaped to the Austrians. himself and his family. 1794. Battle of Raclawice, Poland, be- 1817. ANDREW MASSENA, prince of Esstween the Russians and 4,000 Poles under ling, one of the ablest of Bonaparte's field Kosciusko, mostly armed with scythes. marshals, died. He commanded in chief The battle lasted five hours, and ended in in the memorable campaign in Switzerthe defeat of the Russians, who left 3,000 land; when at the battle of Zurich he had killed on the spot. to contend against the archduke Charles 1795. BARRERE a lawyer, VARENNES a and prince Suwaroff; yet the fruits of this monk, COLLOT DE HERBOIS a comedian, campaign were 70,000 prisoners. He endand VADIER a counsellor, members of the ed his military career in 1810, by the French convention, sentenced by a decree' command of the army of Portugal, where of that body to be transported to he was defeated by Wellington. Guiana. Barrere was president of the 1831. IsAIAH THoMAs,a distinguished. Ameo convention, and as such passed sentence rican printer, died. He was born in Boston, of death upon the king; and they all voted 1749, served an apprenticeship of 11 years, for the king's death. and commenced business at a very early 1799. Battle of Tauffers and St. Marie, age at Newburyport. In 1770 he printed in Germany. The French under Jourdan the Massachusetts Spy at Boston, where he lost upwards of 4,000 men, and fell back annoyed the provincial officers by the to the heights of Villengen. boldness and freedom of his articles on 1802. LLOYD KENYON, an English judge, the difficulties that agitated the country. died. He filled the offices entrusted to He was also one of the most active and him with distinguished integrity, and to dexterous of the skirmishers on the plains him England is indebted for much of that of Lexington. A few days after that affair reform which has been introduced into he removed his paper to Worcester; and the practice of the law. gradually established presses and book1807. JosEPH JEROME LA FRANCAIS DE stores in different parts of the Union, to ALANDE died at Paris, aged 70. He the number of twenty-four; so that he received a minute religious education, and nearly supplied the entire country with displayed his abilities while quite young books. His Bibles, school books and by his sermons and mystical romances. almanacs, were in great repute for a long His attention was first drawn to astronomy time. He was the founder of the Ameriby the remarkable comet of 1744; and he can antiquarian society, and author of the pursued the study with so great success History of Printing idn.merica, a valuable that he was sent to Berlin by the academy work to the profession and the antiquary. at the age of 19, to make some observa- 1841. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, presitions on the moon's parallax, when Fred- dent of the United States, died at Washerick the Great could not conceal his ington, aged 69. He was a distinguished astonishment at the phenomenon of so patriot of the revolution, one of the signyoung an astronomer. He became editor ers of the declaration of independence, of the Connaissance des Temps, published governor of Virginia, and long a leader of several works on astronomy, and wrote all the United States armies in the severe conthe astronomical articles for the great tests with the British and Indians. Encyclopedie. In 1778 he published a folio 1855. The Baltic fleet, fitted out by the volume on canals, containing a general French and British governments to act April 5.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 135 against the northern ports of Russia, 1635 he came over to settle a plantation on sailed from Portsmouth. Connecticut river, and began the town of Saybrook at the mouth of that river. 1677. Cambray, a-fortified city of France, APRIL 5. surrendered to Louis XIV, who commanded in person. 2348 B. c. The ark of Noah rested on 1684. WILLIAM BROUNCKER, an English mount Ararat. mathematician, died. He is celebrated for 347 B. C. PLATO, the Athenian philoso- his attachment to the royal cause during pher, died. He was the pupil of Socrates, the civil wars. On the institution of the and on the death of, his master went into Royal society, he was the first president, foreign countries in search of knowledge. and adorned the office by his polite manHis works have come down to us, and ners and extensive erudition. confirm the opinions of his contemporaries 1707. Battle of Almanza, in Spain; the by whom his talents and learning were allied British, Dutch and Portuguese army highly appreciated. defeated with the loss of 1000, attributed 33. The day of our Savior's resurrection to the bad conduct of the Portuguese called Easter. troops. 1242. Battle of lake Peipus, in Russia; 1725. BENJAMIN IBBOT, an eloquent Engthe Russians under Alexander Jaroslawitz lish divine, died. A selection of his sergained a decisive victory over the Swedes mons was published after his death by his under Eric XI. The battle was fought on friend Dr. Samuel Clarke. the ice; 400 Teutonic knights were slain, 1735. WILLIAM DERHAM, an able English and 50 made prisoners. The German philosopher and divine, died. He accomknights were pardoned, but the Esthonians plished much in the advancement of were ordered to be hung as Russian rebels. science by a long life of industry; his 1470. An instrument similar to a war- publications amounting to not less than 40, ranty deed given to William Tourneville, mostly on philosophical subjects. bishop of Angers, with a copy of Faust 1746. THOMAS HANMER, an English and Schoeffer's Bible for the sum of 40 statesman, died. He was for 30 years a crowns, bears this date. distinguished member of Parliament, from 1605. JOHN STOW, an English antiquary which he retired to devote himself to and historian, died, aged 80. He was literary pursuits. born in London, 1525, and initiated by his 1748. Unsuccessful attempt by the father into all the mysteries of tailoring as British under admiral Knowles on St. Jago practiced at that period. But he discov- de Cuba. ered a penchant for musty relics and 1753. Parliament passed an act to raise antiquarian lumber, and finally quitted his ~20,000 by lottery to purchase the library business to compose a history of England. of Sir Hanse Sloane, of his daughters, for He at length got together such a medley of the public use. It formed the basis of the antique and diabolical books and parch- British museum. ments, that he became suspected of some 1758. The first number of Johnson's heretical designs against religion, so that Idler appeared. the bishop of London ordered an investi- 1762. Granada surrendered to the Britgation of his library. He published 4 ish. Summarie of the Englyshe Chronicles, an 1776. GiIAINGER, vicar of Shiplake. and in 1598 a Survey of London,- on which he author of the Biographical History of Engwas long employed, and which has been land, died suddenly while administering often reprinted. He was reduced to live the sacrament. by charity, and at length fell a victim to 1779. The refugees plundered Nantucket poverty and disease. His labors formed a and carried off with them two loaded rich legacy to future historians. brigs, and several other vessels. 1621. JOHN CARVER, first governor of 1780. ALEXIS HUBERT JAILLOT, a French Massachusetts, died. He conducted the geographer, and sculptor to the king, died. colonists over from Leyden, and managed 1790. ELIZABETH WELSH died at New the affairs of the settlement with great York, aged 104. prudence and address. 1794. GEORGE JAMES DANTON, a French 1676. JOHN WINTHROP, first governor of revolutionary leader, guillotined. Robes-'Connecticut, died. He was the eldest son pierre, dreading the dauntless intrepidity of the governor of Massachusetts, and a of Danton, Fabre d'Eglantine, Bazire, man of great learning and talents. - He was Chabot, and others of the most noted of one of the founders of the Royal society, his fellow desperadoes in the convention, distinguished as one of the greatest chem- caused them to be arrested as conspirators ists and physicians of the day, and one of against the republic, and after a summary the most noted men in New England. In trial, they were executed by the guillotine 136 EVERY DAY BOOK. (April 5. on this day. The government of France 1811. JAMES TRAQUAIR died; the first was now almost entirely vested in one man in America who procured busts to be man, under whose sanguinary administra- carved in American marble. They were tion the prisons of Paris contained at one likenesses of Washington and Penn, and time more than seven thousand persons, executed by an Italian. and a day seldom passed without sixty or 1814. BONAPARTE accepted the island of eighty executions by the revolutionary Elba as his residence, and renounced for axe. himself and heirs the throne of France. 1794. MARIE JEAN HERAULT DE SECHEL- 1815. Continued eruption of Tomboro, LES, a French statesman, guillotined. He which began April 3. (See April 12.) conducted before the revolution as an able 1817. Battle of Mafpu, which sealed the and upright officer; but as the scene pro- independence of Chili. The patriots ungressed he became identified with the der San Martin and Las Heras defeated the terrorists, and went to the scaffold with royalists, 5000, under Osorio; 2000 were Danton, Desmoulins, (q. v.) and others. killed and 2500 taken. The two conducted with as much levity in 1830. The bill to remove the civil distheir last moments as if they had been abilities of the Jews introduced into the going to a party of pleasure. British parliament. 1794. BENEDICT CAMILLE DESMOULINS, one 1832. Ratification of the treaties of of the founders of the Jacobin club in commerce, navigation and limits, between France, guillotined. He was the friend of the United States and Mexico, exchanged Danton, and one of the most bloody and at Washington. reckless of the revolutionists. When 1837. HENRY BATHURST, bishop of Norarraigned by order of Robespierre, he was wich, died in London, aged 93. He was asked his age, to which he replied "33 distinguished for the liberality of his ans, I'age du sans culotte Jesus Christ." His principles, and was exemplary in the exerwife, whom he adored, a beautiful, coura- cise of his duties-the father of 36 childgeous and spirited woman, desired to share ren, 22 by his first wife, 14 by his second. her husband's fate, which Robespierre 1842. PATRICK KELLY died at Brighton, seems not to have been slow to grant. England. He is well known for his valua1795. Treaty of peace concluded at ble writings on science, but his great work Basle, Switzerland, between France and the Universal Cambist entitles him to lasPrussia. ting distinction. 1795. County of Schoharie, in New 1843. VALNIER, a native of St. Domingo, York, erected. died at Merida, Yucatan, aged 117. He. 1797. The first Turkish ships arrived at retained his sight until the age of 105, and London. his intellect was unimpaired till the time of 1799. The British forces under Gen. his death. Harris, called the Madras army, arrived at 1844. JOHN SANDERSON of Philadelphia, Seringapatam, within Tippoo Saib had re- who wrote an account of the lives of the treated after the defeat of Seedasere. signers of the declaration of American 1799. Battle of Villingen and Rothweil independence, died. He had some reputain Germany; the French under Joubert tion for wit. defeated by the Austrians under the arch- 1852. FELIX VON SCHWARTZENBERG died duke Charles. at Vienna, aged 52. He represented the 1800. British captured Goeree; admiral Austrian empire at various courts, at difDuckworth's squadron on the same day, ferent periods, the earliest being at the age fell in with and captured two Spanish fri- of 15. In a military capacity he took the gates and eleven merchantmen from Lima. field in 1843 against Charles Albert of The admiral's share of the spoil amounted Sardinia, and half a year later succeeded to ~75,000. prince Metternich, on his fall, as prime 1804. ROBERT RAIKES, an English printer minister of the empire. and philanthropist, died. He succeeded 1853. A new planet was discovered by his father in the printing business and Prof. de Gasparis, at Naples. having realized a good property, he employed it, with his pen and his influence, in relieving such objects as stood in need APRIL 6. of his benevolent assistance. He is however best known as the originator of sab- 323 B. C. ALEXANDER (the Great,) of Macebath schools. don, died of intemperance. The death of 1811. HENRY I (Christophe), king of this famous hero took place at Babylon, Hayti, created an hereditary nobility, con- on the 6th day of the Athenian month sisting of 4 princes, 7 dukes, 21 counts, 9 Thagelion, which then corresponded with barons and chevaliers, and appointed the 28th of the Macedonian month Dvesius. persons to those ranks. He lived 32 years and 10 months, and April 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 137 reigned, computing from the Olympiad six passage to India. Meeting with obstrucmonths prior to the death of Philip, 12 tions he determined to attempt a northyears and 10 months-a brief career of ex- west passage; and this also being attended traordinary, but profitless glory. with disasters, he shaped his course south 1190. RICHARD I (Coeur de Lion), killed along the American continent, and discov. at the siege of Chalus, in France. He com- ered the noble river which bears his name, menced his career by rebellion against his and gave him immortality. father. On ascending the throne of Eng- 1645. WILLIAM BURTON, an English antiland, he plundered and massacred the quary, died. He published a history of Jews, and set sail for Palestine with the the county of LUicestershire, which is bravest of his subjects. Taking the lead valuable. in the crusade, he gained a series of vic- 1655. DAVID BLONDEL, a French protories over the Moslem. On his way home testant minister, died. He had the mishe was seized and imprisoned, and ran- fortune to lose his sight by close applicasomed by his subjects with 150,000 marks. tion to study, but even under that calamity He was preparing for another crusade, he dictated two folio volumes on the geneawhen his career was suddenly terminated logy of the kings of France. He was a by a wound from a cross-bow, in the 42d man of great learning. year of his age. 1686. ARTHUR ANNESLEY, earl of Angle1348. LAURA DE NOVES, Petrarch's mis- sey, died. He was a statesman of great tress, died. She was descended of a Pro- ability, sagacity and learning, under vencal family which became extinct in the Charles I. 16th century, inherited a large fortune by 1695. RICHARD BUSBY, a celebrated Engthe death of her father, and married Hugh lish schoolmaster, died. He was educated de Sade of Avignon. She was considered by the bounty of the parish, and became the most beautiful woman of the city. head master of Westminster school, which Petrarch says it was 6 o'clock in the mor- place he held during half a century. He ning of the 6th April, 1327, that he first educated most of the eminent men who saw her in the church of the nuns of St. flourished about the period of his death. Clara; and it was at the same hour of the They regarded him as a father, though a same day, 1348, that she died of the severe one. plague. Nearly two centuries after, some 1707. WILLIAM VAN DER VELDE (the antiquarians obtained permission to open younger), a Dutch painter, died. He was her grave. They found a parchment en- an admirable artist, distinguished for his closed in a leaden box, containing a sonnet excellence in marine subjects, painted in bearing Petrarch's signature. black and white, on a ground so prepared 1453. MOHAMMED II besieged Constan- on canvas, as to give it the appearance of tinople, which terminated in the overthrow paper. It is said he has had no equal in of the Christian empire. his line. 1528. ALBRECHT DUERER, a celebrated 1717. JAMES PERIZONIUS, a German proGerman painter and engraver, died. He fessor at Leyden, died. He published vais still esteemed in Germany as one of the rious works in Latin, on history, classical brightest jewels in her crown of fame. literature and antiquities; and was a man He was the reformer if not the founder of of extensive erudition, great application the German school of painting, and was and sound judgment. the first to bring the art of engraving to 1739. The workmen at Stocks market, any degree of perfection. England, disinterred a grave stone with 1574. PAUL MANUTIUS, a learned Vene- antique letters, supposed to have been tian printer, died, aged 62. He wrote buried 297 years. valuable commentaries on Cicero, and four 1743. WILLIAM MELMOTH, (the elder,) a treatises on Roman antiquities. learned English lawyer, died. He is better 1580. Earthquakewhich was felt through- known by a treatise on religious life, of out England. The bells rang, and chim- which immense editions have been pubneys toppled down. lished. 1590. FRANCIS WALSYNGHAM, an English 1751. FREDERICK, king of Sweden and statesman, died, aged 90. He flourished landgrave of Hesse Cassel, died. in the reign of Elizabeth, and was of in- 1755. RICHARD RAWLINSON, an English finite service to the state, by the energy antiquary, died. He was an indefatigable and zeal with which he performed the collector, and made himself useful to his duties of his offices. Yet he died so poor cotemporary antiquaries in the completion that his remains were privately buried by of their works. The sale of the printed night, without any ceremony. books and pamphlets of his library oc1609. HENRY HUDSON departed from the cupied 60 days. Texel on his famous voyage of discovery, 1760. CHARLOTTE CHARKE, the last surthe object of which was to find a northern viving daughter of Colley Cibber, died. 18 138 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 6. 1776. Action between the British ship 1813. Lewistown, Delaware, cannonaded Glasgow, of 20 ninepounders, and her about 20 hours by the British frigate Beltender, Capt. Howe, and American brigan- videre. The defence was conducted in tine Cabot, 20 nines and 10 sixes; Colum- such a manner that but little injury was bus, 18 nines, 10 sixes; Annodine brig, 6 done. guns, and Providence sloop, 12 sixes, un- 1814. The French provisional governder Com. Hopkins. The British made the ment proposed, and the conservative senate attack, and continued the engagement 3 adopted the form of a constitution; a hours, when the tender was captured, but limited monarchy, founded on the French the Glasgow escaped. and Aierican constitutions, and declared 1793. The French)army evacuated Ant- Louis XVIII king. werp and Mons in Belgium, and retreated 1815. The American prisoners in Darttowards Valenciennes and Lisle. moor prison fired upon by their guard, 1794. The French took Oneglia, in Sar- and many of them killed and wounded. dinia, where they captured 2 frigates and The prince regent pointedly disapproved a few galleys. of their conduct, censured the officers and 1796. DAVID ALLAN, a Scottish painter, soldiery, and offered to make provision for died. He practiced history, portrait and the widows and families of the sufferers; landscape; but exercised his talents chief- this, however, was rejected by president ly on works of humor. Some of his Madison. pieces have been engraved. 1829. HENRY NICHOLAS ABEEL, one of the 1796. DAVID CAMPBELL, a Scottish divine, most acute mathematicians of the present died. He was professor of divinity at Aber- age, died. deen, translated the gospels, and answered 1831. Revolution in Brazil. Don Pedro Hume on the miracles. abdicated in favor of his son, who was 1799. CLAYTON MORDAUNT CRACHERODE, proclaimed Don Pedro II. an English antiquary, died. He was a 1853. The Mexican Governor TRIAS isman of great wealth and literary attainf- sued a proclamation at Chihuahua, relative ments, and his library and cabinet was one to the possession of the Mesilla valley, of the most select and valuable in the king- threatening to resist the occupation of New dom. His immense collection of books, Mexico by the United States. medals, drawings, &c., &c., he bequeathed 1855. An asteroid was discovered by M. to the British museum. Chacornac, at the imperial observatory of 1804. CHARLES PICHEGRU, the French France. general, died. He was born 1761, of poor 1856. The constitution of the new state parents, educated in a monastery, and was of Deseret was established by a people's a tutor of Bonaparte at Brienne. He came convention at Salt Lake city, Utah terto America with a French regiment near ritory. the close of the revolution. At the outbreak of the revolution in France he distinguished himself so much that he rose to be APRIL 7. the first in command, and achieved a series of most brilliant and important victories, 1118. BALDWIN I, king of Jerusalem, which resulted in the conquest of Holland. died, and was buried on mount Calvary. He was detected in a plot for the restora- He accompanied his brother, Godfrey de tion of the Bourbons, which cut short his Bouillon, to Palestine during the crusades, career, and he died in prison by strangula- and on the death of Godfrey was made tion. king. 1808. Corner stone laid of the vault pre- 1141. MAUD declared queen of England pared for the relics of the American sea- in a national synod. men, soldiers and citizens, who perished 1196. WILLIAM LONGBEARD, a factious in the British prison ships at the Walla- priest, executed. He was notorious for bout, during the war of the revolution. raising seditions in London, during the 1810. Three days' rioting commenced in reign of Richard I. He was torn to pieces London on account of Francis Burdett's by horses, and then hung upon a gallows. budget. 1498. CHARLES VIII, (the affable,) king of 1811. French privateer Revance de Cerfe, France, died. He was crowned king o( burnt at Norfolk, Va. She was fired by Naples, and emperor of Constantinople, 15 men in 2 boats, at about 2 A. M. but afterwards met with reverses, and was 1812. Badajos, in Spain, taken by storm, driven back into France. at ten at night, by the British and Portu- 1521. MAGELLAN erected the Spanish guese troops under Wellington; loss of the standard on one of the Phillipine islands. allied army 4000; the defence made by 1656. JEROME BIGNON, a French statesthe French governor was brave, determined man, died. He was born 1590, and his and noble. attainments were so rapid that at the age April 7. EVERY DAY BOOK. 139 of 10 he published a description of Pales- was at last happily thought of converting tine, and at the age of 14 a treatise on the the quarries under the city into a receptacle election of the popes. for the dead. 1668. WILLIAM DAVENANT, an English 1788. The first settlement in Ohio began, poet and dramatist, died. He succeeded at Marietta, by 47 persons from New EngBen Jonson as poet laureate, and obtained land. a patent for a theatre in Lincoln's Inn 1789. PETER CAMPER, a Dutch physician fields, which was in operation a number and naturalist, died. He was distinguished of years. for the extent of his knowledge. A splen1684. Dublin castle in Ireland burned. did edition of his works was published in 1710. THos. BETTERTON, the actor, died. 6 vols. acconrpanied by 100 folio plates. He was esteemed the greatest master of 1789. ACHMET IV, one of the most entragic action in his time. lightened of the Turkish rulers, died. The 1710. EDWARD COPRINGTON died at Bar- first act of his successor Selim was the exbadoes. He was a native of the West In- ecution of thp grand vizier, on the pretext dies, and distinguished himself by his that he had occasioned the loss of Oczalearning, and by his courage in defence of kov. the British islands against the French. 1796. The British squadron under War1712. RICHARD SIMON, a French critic ren captured 3 French brigs and 1 sloop, and historian, died. His works are num- laden with provisions. erous, and evince extensive learning and 1797. Suspension of arms between Nastrong judgment. poleon and the Archduke Charles. 1766. TIBERIuS HEMSTERHUYS, a Dutch 1797. WILLIAM MASON, an English poet, critic, died. He was appointed professor died. He was chaplain to the king till the of mathematics and philosophy at Amster- American war, when his name was erased dam at the early age of 19, and is the from the list in consequence of the sentiauthor of several learned works. ments he entertained in regard to the 1776. CHARLES PETER COLARDEAU, a liberties of the subject. French poet, died. He translated a part 1800. Action between the British ship of Pope and Young with great spirit and Leviathan, admiral Duckworth, and the elegance, and also wrote for the stage. Spanish frigates Carmen and Florentia, 36 1780. ROBERT WATSON, a Scottish his- guns each, and 650 men, with 3000 quintorian, died; author of Philip III of Spain. tals of quicksilver on board. The Spani1785. First paper issued in Hudson, ards were captured, together with 7 vessels Columbia county, New York. under convoy. 1786. The celebrated catacombs of Paris 1806. Alleghany county in western New consecrated, with great solemnity. They York erected. lie under a part of the city which was un- 1807. LALANnE (see April 4: by some dermined some centuries ago, to furnish authorities his death is put down on the stone for the ancient edifices of Paris, and 7th.) at length became closed up. This cemetery 1812. Capt. AGAR, a celebrated English had been used more than a thousand pedestrian, undertook to walk a distance years by twenty parishes, and it is estimat- of 59 miles in 8I hours, for 200 guineas. ed that more than three millions of people He won the match 3 minutes within the had been inhumed within its inclosures. time. In process of time, as the city extended, 1812. Mrs. BUMBY died at Ekring, Engpalaces and churches were built over the land, aged 80; remarkable for a horn growsubterranean caverns, and were in im- ing from her forehead in a spiral form to minent danger of sinking into the pit be- the length of nearly six inches. low, before it was again discovered. The 1814. About 200 British marines and mighty city of Paris had until now but one sailors landed at Saybrook, in Connecticut, burial place, where a pit was dug, and the spiked the cannon and destroyed several bodies laid side by side, without any earth vessels, and escaped in the night to their being put over them, till the first tier was shipping. full; then a thin layer of earth covered 1817. The county of Tompkins in the them, and another tier of dead came on; state of New York erected. thus by layer upon layer, and dead upon 1835. JAMES BROWN, an American statesdead, the hole was filled up. These pits man, died. He rose to a high rank at the were emptied every thirty or forty years to bar, and was several years minister to receive new tenants. The last grave dig- France. ger, Francis Pontraci, had by his own re- 1836. WILLIAM GODWIN, an English gister, in less than thirty years, inhumed novelist, and political and miscellaneouis more than 90,000 bodies in that ground. writer, died, aged 81. He commenced his The great increase of burials rendered the career as a dissenting minister, which stacemetery still more inconvenient, and it tion he relinquished to gain a subsistence 140 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 7. by literature. His works are numerous, 1546. The council of Trent declared and acquired him much celebrity, though against the Lutheran system, and adopted tinctured more or less with skepticism. the Latin or vulgate translation of the 1844. MORGAN LEWIS, a distinguished Bible by St. Jerome. American military officer and statesman, 1663. The first play bill issued from died at New York, aged 90. He served with Drury Lane theatre. The play was adverfidelity under the colonialgovernment, and tised to be acted "by his majesty's comwith honor and gallantry in the war of the pany of comedians," and was entitled the revolution, and in the war of 1812. He Hvmovrovs Lievtenant, and was to comheld various important civil offices from mence at three o'clock precisely. 1791 to 1810.' 1679. Bosia, a village near Piedmont, in 1849. IRVINE SHUBRICK, an American Italy, suddenly sunk into the earth, by naval officer, died. He had been thirty- which about 200 persons perished. five years in the service, and fought under 1702. THOMAS GALE, an English divine, Decatur and Downes. He commanded the died. Though engaged the best part of his expedition against the island of Sumatra life in active and laborious employments, in 1832, which captured Qualla Battoo, and he yet found much time to devote to literabroke up a horde of pirates who molested ture and classical learning. His publicavessels there. tions are numerous and display great ability. 1850. JAMES EMOTT, a distinguished 1704. JOB LUDOLPHUS, a German linguist, member of the New York bar, died at died, aged 80. He was one of the most Poughkeepsie, aged 80. eminent orientalists of his time, and the 1854. All English and French vessels first European who acquired the Ethiopic were ordered out of the port of Odessa. language, of which he published a gram1856. The steamship Adriatic, thelargest mar and dictionary, and a history of the vessel of the kind that had ever been built, country. He was well versed in twentywas launched at New York. five languages. 1704. HENRY SIDNEY, earl of Romney, died. He was brother to the famous AlAPRIL 8. gernon Sydney, and an accomplished statesman. 431 B. C. A body of 300 Thebans sur- 1731. ELIZABETH CROMWELL, grandprised the town of Platea, in Greece, in daughter of the lord protector of Engthe dead of night, and were all destroyed land, Oliver Cromwell, died at Bedford or captured by the inhabitants. row in her 82d year. 46. Battle of Thassus, in Africa; Scipio 1735. FRANCIS LEOPOLD RAGOTZKI, prince and Juba defeated by Julius Ciesar. of Transylvania, died. He wrote an in217. CARACALLA, the Roman emperor, teresting memoir on the revolutions in assassinated at Edessa. Hungary. 1341. PETRARCH crowned with laurels at 1793. EDMUND C. GENET, first minister Rome, with great pomp. This distinction from the French republic to the United was awarded him on the appearance of his States, arrived at Charleston. He was suLatin poem entitled Africa, in which he perseded by Fauchet at the request of celebrates Scipio, his favorite hero. This Washington the next year. poem he considered his best, yet it was 1801. The French surrendered Rosetta, never finished. His reputation now rests in Egypt, to the British troops under Col. as a poet, on his Italian poems.' Spencer. 1364. JOHN I, king of France, died. He 1803. Louis FREDERICK ANTOINE ARBOwas taken by Edward III at the battle of GAST, a French mathematician, died. He Poictiers, and conducted to England, where was a member of the national convention, he was retained in captivity four years. but appears not to have taken any active He returned from France in 1363, which part in politics, his name appearing only he had visited on parole, and died at his to some report on scientific subjects. His palace in London, aged 45, after a reign of works place his name high among the dis14 years, which had been extremely cala- tinguished men of the day; his character mitous to France. was blameless. 1492. LORENZO DE MEDICIS, surnamed the 1806. HERRING, aged 60, and his wife, Great, and the father of letters, died at executed at Newgate, London, for coining Florence. He was a great merchant, and money. an eminent statesman; whose public ser- 1808. County of Cortland in New York vices so recommended him to the Floren- state erected. tines that he was declared chief of the re- 1811. First law passed by the New York public; and whose wisdom and judgment legislature respecting the Erie canal. were so conspicuous, that foreign princes 1812. Louisiana became a member of the made him the arbiter of their differences. United States confederacy. April 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 141 1821. SIMON ASSEMANNI, one of the most sciences then taught, and at the age of 16 learned of Maronites in modern times, attacked the Aristotlean philosophy. He died at Padua, where he had long been a succeeded rapidly in office under governprofessor. His explanation of the Arabian ment, and in 1619 was appointed lord high antiquities is much esteemed. chancelor of England and baron of Veru1832. ROBERT SIMSON died at Montreal, lam. Here, unfortunately, he sullied his aged 101. He was at the attack on Quebec name, and was fined, imprisoned and deunder Wolfe. graded, for bribery and corruption. This 1835. Mr. CLAYTON, an American sero- extraordinary man is justly entitled to the naut, made an ascension at Cincinnati, appellation of "the father of experimental which proved an extraordinary affair. The philosophy." spot at which he came to the earth was on 1648. A great insurrection of the people Stevenson's knob, a mountain in Virginia, of London by reason of the parliament 3000 feet above the level of the sea, and abolishing holydays. 350 miles from Cincinnati, which distance 1670. SAMUEL SORBIERRE, a French he was wafted in 94 hours. writer, died. He was educated for the 1835. WILLIAM VON HUMBOLDT, a dis- protestant ministry, but abandoned that tinguished philologist, died, near Berlin, faith for popery, without much advantage Prussia. He was elder brother of the to himself, as his sincerity was suspected. celebrated traveler of that name, and dis- His literary reputation is also somewhat tinguished as a statesman and a scholar. tarnished. 1838. JOHN, a negro, drowned at Wash- 1697. WILLIAM, earl of Craven, died in ington, aged 115. his 89th year. The nobility of England 1854. An explosion on the steam boat are famed for longevity. Gazelle, at Canemah, Oregon, destroyed 1747. SIMON FRAZER, Lord Lovat, exthe boat and killed 21 persons. ecuted on Towerhill, aged 80. He was a 1854. A fire at Salonica, in Greece, des- Scottish statesman, educated among the troyed 600 houses and warehouses. Jesuits in France. His life was a scene of 1854. The Ganges canal, a work of vast treachery and misdemeanor, which commagnitude, was opened by the lieutenant- pelled him to fly from one country to angovernor of Agra, with great ceremony other. Finally, joining the rebellion of and a display of troops. 1745, he was seized and condemned, and died like a martyr. 1754. CHRISTIAN WOLFF, a Prussian phiAPRIL 9. losopher, died. In consequence of a Latin oration on the Chinese, which gave offence 1483. EDWARD IV, of England, died. to the clergy, he was expelled from the He disputed the crown with Henry VI and country; but the honors conferred upon involved the kingdom in war and blood- him by other countries, led to his recal by shed, till the death of the latter, when he the king, when his merits were duly ascended the throne unmolested. He be- rewarded, and his former injuries obliviatcame a voluptuary, and died from exces- ed. His whole life was devoted to advance sive eating. the interests of science and virtue. 1483. Dr. SHAW, brother to the lord 1759. NICHOLAS HARDINGE died, an emimayor of London, preached a sermon on nent English scholar, and author of some the text "Bastard slips shall not thrive." It Latin poems. was not productive of many converts. 1761. WILLIAM LAW, an English dis1547. EDWARD VI succeeded to the senting divine, died. He is well known throne of England on the death of Hen- as the author of the Serious Call. ry VIII. 1780. Charleston invaded by the British 1589. THOMAS SAiPSON, a noted English land and naval forces under Sir Henry nonconformist divine, died. During the Clinton. reign of Mary, he fled to Geneva, where he 1790. NICHOLAS SYLVESTER BERGIER, a was engaged in the translation of the French ecclesiastic, died. He is the author Genevan Bible. of several learned and valuable works. 1609. HUDSON left the Texel on his His talents and worth commanded prefermemorable voyage of discovery, in the ments, until he declined any more, replyyacht "Halve Maan," of forty lasts (80 ing that he was rich enough! tons) burden; a size which easily admits 1795. An act for the encouragement of the supposition that he ascended the river common schools passed by the legislature as far as Half-Moon, or Waterford. of New York. 1626. FRANCIS BACON, an English philo- 1796. A British squadron under Sir Edsopher, died, aged 66. At the age of 13 ward Pellew captured a large French conhe entered the university, where he made voy, under the protection of La Volage, the most astonishing progress in all the 25 guns, which was driven on shore. 142 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 9. 1804. JAMES NECKER, a Swiss statesman, the mayor and aldermen of Bristol, under died. He was sent as ambassador to France, the command of Martin Pring, to make where his abilities were so much respect- discoveries on the north of Virginia, and ed, that he was twice elevated to the rank collect sassafras, sailed for the American of prime minister. But the revolution coast. The sassafras, which was greatly destroyed his popularity, and he retired to overrated for its medicinal virtues, formed Copet, where he died. He is the author a profitable article of traffic, and is still of a work on the finances of France. extensively exported to Great Britain. Of 1807. JOHN OPIE, an eminent English this, they procured a cargo near Bristol, painter, died. He was the son of a hum- Rhode Island. ble carpenter, and was drawn from ob- 1606. The colony of Virginia, as it was scurity by the patronage of Dr. Wolcott called, divided by the king into two (alias Peter Pindar). He not only became colonies. Although 109 years had elapsed an excellent artist, but also an admirable since the discovery of the country by the writer on the art. Cabots, in the service of Henry VII, the 1813. The Chesapeake frigate, Capt. English had made no effectual settlement Evans, returned to Boston from a cruise, in the new world. Twenty years had having captured during an absence of four elapsed since Walter Raleigh attempted months, 2 British brigs and 1 ship, 1 Am- the settlement of a colony in Virginia, but erican brig with a British license, and a not an Englishman was now to be found schooner. in the country. 1831. Battle near Siedlce, in Poland, in 1630. WILLIAM HERBERT, earl of Pemwhich the Russians were defeated. broke, died. He was the son of the 1854. The English and French vessels illustrious Mary Sidney, and united in on the coast of Thessaly were directed to himself the virtues of his mother with the search all vessels suspected of having mu- manners and accomplishments of a scholar. nitions of war on board, and to seize such He is the author of a volume of poems. as were so found. 1651. Birthday of ERRENFRIED WALTER 1855. All the English and French bat- VON TSCRIRNHAUSEN, an ingenious Lusatian teries opened on Sebastopol, and continued mathematician, and founder of the celeincessantly through the night and follow- brated Dresden porcelain manufactory. He ing day. The Russian loss was acknow- also constructed, about the year 1687, an ledged by Gortschakoff at 833 killed and extraordinary burning mirror. wounded. 1653. OLIVER CROMWELL, having turned out the long parliament, locked the doors upon them. APRIL 10. 1703. ANDREW MOREL, a Swiss antiquary died. He was a diligent and curious col879. LorIs II. of France, died. He is lector of medals, and in a work published characterized as a weak prince, who had in 1683 promised to give a description of not sufficient firmness to maintain his twenty thousand medals, exactly designed. rights. A part of this great work appeared after 1534. JAMEs CARTIER sailed from France his death, in two vols., folio, describing with two small ships and 122 men, with 3,539. a view to the establishment of a colony. 1728. ROBERT WOODCOCK, an eminent He arrived at Newfoundland in May, and English musician and composer, died. named the gulf St. Lawrence, from his He also excelled as a painter of sea pieces. entering it on the day of that festival. He 1736. FRANCIS EUGENE, prince of Savoy, returned without effecting a settlement. died, aged 73. He was born at Paris, and 1563. The city of Goa in India intro- destined for the church, against his own duced printing. inclinations. He applied to the king for a 1599. GABRIELLE D' ESTREES, a mistress company of dragoons, and on being of Henry IV, died. She was descended refused, entered the Austrian service. His from an illustrious house, and was 20 years first campaign was in capacity of a volunof age when her beauty captivated the teer against the Turks; where he acquitted king. He procured a divorce from Marga- himself with so much distinction, that he ret of Valois, in order to raise Gabrielle to was appointed to the command of a comthe throne; but her sudden death, prob- pany of dragoons. He finally rose step by ably by poison, frustrated the plan, and step to the rank of commander in chief of plunged him in excessive grief. Her the Austrian army, and achieved a succesamiable disposition, gentleness of charac- sion of brilliant victories and enterprises ter and modesty, won her general favor, in Europe, which humbled the arms and she was universally lamented by the of the French, and rendered his name French. immortal in the annals of fame. His 1603. A couple of vessels, fitted out by successful campaign in conjunction with April 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK., 143 the duke of Marlborough, rendered him sided, and these two excellent men were so popular in England, that a maiden lady unjustly condemned to death, although bequeathed him ~2500, and a gardener their accuser had only proposed their ~100. [By some authorities, 21st.] imprisonment. 1741. Battle of Molwitz, between the 1813. JOSEPH LOUIS LAGRANGE, a SardinPrussians and Austrians. The latter were ian mathematician, died. He went to Paris defeated with the loss of 7000 men and 1787, where he met with great favor, and 180 officers. The Prussians took 1200 under Bonaparte was invested with honors prisoners; their loss was 1500 killed, and and dignities. His chief work is the 3000 wounded. Mtchanique Analitique. 1752. WILLIAM CHESELDEN, an eminent 1814. Battle of Toulouse, at which the English surgeon and anatomist, died. He French under Soult were defeated by acquired great professional reputation, and Wellington. published several popular works. He was 1816. The bank of the United States the first foreigner admitted into the French incorporated by act of congress, with a royal academy of surgery. capital of $35,000,000. 1756. JOSEPH VAISSETTE, a French. 1818. JOHN CLEVES SYMMES, "of Ohio, eccleciastic, died. He published a History late captain of infantry," promulgated "to of Languedoc, and a Universal Gedgraphy. all the world," his theory that the earth is 1774. JOHN SAAS, a French canon and hollow, containing a number of solid conlibrarian, died. He wrote an abridgment centric spheres, one within the other, and of the French Historical Dictionary, and that it is open at the poles 12 or 16 degrees. other works. His theory amused the world for a number 1786. JOHN BYRON, the English admiral, of years. died. He enjoys a high and merited 1823. CHARLES LEONARD REINHOLD, an reputation for courage and professional Austrian philosopher, died. He was sent skill. to study with the Jesuits, whose order was 1794. The islands of the Saints, in the abolished while he was a student. In 1787 West Indies, captured by the British. he settled at Jena, which owes much of its 1795. Action between the British ship reputation to him, and in 1797 at Kiel, Astrea, Capt. Pawlet, and French ship La where be died. His works are numerous. Glorie, 24 guns: the latter was captured. 1835. JACOB SCHMUCK, a distinguished 1796. Battle of Montenotte, which was officer in the war of 1812 with England, attacked by the Austrians under Beaulieu, died. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and defended by the French under Ram- died at St. Augustine. pon, with such desperate resistance that 1842. JOHN SUTHERLAND, commonly Bonaparte had time to come up and obtain called Killyman, died at Merigonisbe, aged a victory, taking 2000 prisoners. 116. He was born in the last year of the 1797. Miss FARREN, the actress, took reign of George I, and consequently lived leave of the stage, after the performance under all the sovereigns of the house of of her part in the School for Scandal, to Hanover, six in number. He emigrated marry the earl of Derby. to Nova Scotia about 1822, and continued 1798. BERNADOTTE, the French ambassa- to wear the kilt to the end of his life, dor at Vienna, in obedience to the Direc- declaring that he would never disgrace his tory, displayed the tri-colored flag at his country by adopting a foreign garb. lodgings; but the populace in a rage tore 1856. The Americans under Lieut Green it down. Not receiving the satisfaction he attacked 200 Costa Ricans, killed 27 of desired, he left the court. them and dispersed the rest. American 1806. HORATIO GATES, a distinguished loss 1 killed and 2 wounded. officer in the ievolutionary war, died. He 1856. A company of 208 men left New came over from England as a soldier, and York to join Gen. Walker in Nicaragua. at the defeat of Braddock, 1755, was shot through the body. He joined the American army in 1775, and in 1777 captured APRIL 11. Burgoyne. He was afterwards defeated by Cornwallis, at Camden. In 1790 he liber- 52 B. c. Trial of MILO for the murder of ated his slaves in Virginia, and removed to Clodius, in the consulship of Pompey. All New York, where he died. the unwashed industry of the city was 1813. VoN BERGER and FINK executed crammed within the forum on that moat Oldenberg, Germany. When the Rus- mentous day; but neither Cato's candid sians approached the town, the French ballot, nor the splendid labors of Tully, magistrates fled, leaving a committee of were sufficient to save the tyrant-killer; so regency of which the above vere members. that he was banished to Marseilles, and This committee were summoned before a his estate confiscated. court martial, at which Vandamme pre- 44 B. c. MARC ANTONY recorded in the 144 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 11. senate a decree of Julius Caesar, on behalf 1737. PHILIP HECQUET, a French physiof the Jews, made thirty-four days before cian, died. He is the original of the his assassination. The decree is addressed immortal Sangrado of Gil Blas. He was a to the senate of Paros, who had forbidden man of great simplicity of diet, and a the Delian Jews to worship in the manner friend to bleeding and the use of warm of their forefathers. water at proper times, whence the carica1415. PIERRE PLAONT, bishop of Senlis, ture. He published several medical died. A large quarto Bible fairly written works. on vellum was presented by him to the 1758. The wooden bridge over the House of the Sarbonne for the use of the Thames at London was burned down. poor, valued at ~15. 1766. Above 100 convicts left Newgate, 1447. HENRY BEAUFORT, brother of in London, for the American colonies. Henry IV of England, died. He held the They passed along with music playing highest ecclesiastical and civil offices in before them. England, under the king; was created 1786. The first commencement of cardinal and pope's legate in Germany; Columbia college, New York, when, the and is characterized as proud, haughty and papers of the day say, " the public with ambitious. equal surprise and pleasure, received the 1512. Battle of Ravenna, inItaly, between first fiuits of reviving learning, after a the Spanish and papal troops, and the lamented interval of many years." French under the brave Gaston de Foix. 1798. STANISLAUS AcGUSTUS PONIATOWThe French were victorious, with the loss sKI, the last king of Poland, died. He of their general, who was killed in endea- was elected to the throne in 1764 under voring to cut off the retreat of the Span- the influence of Russian bayonets; was iards. He was but 24 years of age. an elegant and accomplished gentleman, 1544. Battle of Cerisoles, between the with good intentions, but without the imperialists under the marquis del Geasto, energy and firmness of purpose necessary and the French, count de Enguin, who to sustain a tottering throne, and bridle a obtained the victory. The marquis was licentious nobility. The three great robwounded, and 10,000 of his men slain; bers, Russia, Prussia and Austria, divided his tents, baggage and artillery, and many his kingdom between them, and he retired prisoners taken. to private life at St. Petersburgh, on a 1555. THos. WYATT beheaded; acquit- pension, where he died. ing with his last breath the princess Eliza- 1799. Battle of Ledjars, in Syria; the beth and the earl of Devonshire. French under Kleber defeated the Turkish 1585. GREGORY XIII, (Hugh Buoncom- and Arabian army, consisting of 4000 cavpagno), pope of Rome, died, aged 83. He alry and 5000 foot, and compelled them to was an able pontiff, and has rendered his retreat across the river Jordan. name immortal by the reformation of the 1801. ANTHONY DE RIVAROL, a French calander, and the adoption of the style author, died. He was a man of great which bears his name. This plan, neces- acquirements, and associated with the sary and useful, was long pertinaciously learned men of France before the revolurejected by the protestants, and not tion. adopted by them generally till about two 1804. JAMES THOMAS died in Tatnal centuries after, and not yet by Russia. county, Georgia, aged 134. 1644. The parliamentary forces under 1805. Treaty signed between Great Britthe two Fairfaxes victorious at Selby; 1600 ain and Russia, the basis of the anti-Gallicommon soldiers, 2000 stand of arms and can alliance. 500 horses, the result. The parliament 1808. British order in council encouragordered a day of thanksgiving. ing evasions of the United States embargo 1669. CLIFFORD, ARLINGTON, BUCKS, ASH- law. LEY, LAUDERDALE, constituted the cabinet 1812. Four British barges taken in council of Charles II. From the initials Hampton roads by thefrigate Constellation of their names, this was called the king's and revenue cutter Jefferson; prisoners 80. cabal. 1814. NAPOLEON subscribed the treaty of 1713. The celebrated peace of Utrecht abdication at Paris. On the same day the concluded, and with it the twelve years' white banner was advanced by lord war for the throne of Spain, in which the Wellington on the ramparts of Toulouse. principal powers of Europe had been 1816. Act of the British parliament engaged, at a vast expense of life and regulating the intercourse with St. Helena treasure. during Bonaparte's confinement there. It 1733. The sheriffs of London and emi- legalized the detention of the fallen emnent merchants in 200 carriages, went to peror as a prisoner of war during the the house of parliament with a petition king's pleasure; British subjects aiding or against the excise bill, then pending. assisting him to escape, to suffer death. April 11.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 145 1817. WILLIAM BELOE, an English divine 1854. The emperor NICHOLAS issued a and critic, died. He is principally known manifesto to all his Russian subjects, statas the translator of Herodotus and Aulus ing the object of the war with Turkey and Gellius, though his works are numerous the allied powers. and highly creditable. 1855. Broussa, in Asia Minor, again 1817. At Dartmoor, England, a man sold visited by an earthquake, and the wooden his wife in the market place. She stood buildings in the place were mostly deas in olden times, with a rope round her stroyed by fire. neck. Her first lover was the purchaser 1856. The great bridge over the Missisat the price of two guineas. sippi at Rock Island completed, and loco1823. County of Wayne erected in motives passed from the Illinois to the western New York. Iowa side. 1824. JEAN BAPTISTE DROUJET, who ar- 1856. Battle of Rivas; General WALKER, rested Louis XVI in his flight, and was with 400 Americans and 300 natives, expelled from France as a regicide, died attacked the Costa Ricans, numbering 3000 under the assumed name of Meyer, at men, who after a long contest left the city. Macon in France. The latter acknowledged a loss of 200 1829. The catholic relief bill passed the killed and 400 wounded; Walker's loss, house of peers, in the British parliament 80 killed and disabled, including almost after much discussion. all of his official staff. 1832. RAFFAELE MORG1IEN, a celebrated Italian engraver, died at Florence, aged 72. 1833. ROWLAND HILL, an able and eccentric preacher, died, aged 89. He usually APRIL 12. spent a considerable part of the summer in visiting various parts of England, preach- 205 B. C. The shrine of the potent goding in churches of every denomination dess Cybele received at Rome from Pessithat would admit of his services, and nus, and deposited in the temple of occasionally to large assemblies in the open Victory; Scipio Africanus and Crassus air. He preached for the last time to an Dives, consuls. This was done in pursuimmense audience, but three days before ance of an oracle in the sybilline books, his death. which affirmed that if a foreign enemy 1837. KIRK BOOTT died at Lowell. He invaded Italy, they might be vanquished was a native of Boston, and received an by introducing the goddess Cybele into excellent education, partly in England; the capital. went to Spain, and joined the British army 65. LucIus ANNIEUS SENECA, the Roman as an officer under Wellington; spent two philosopher, destroyed himself by order years at the military school at Woolwich, of Nero. He was born in the first year of Eng.; on his return to Boston he engaged in the Christian era, received a careful educamercantile pursuits, and subsequently was tion, and became a disciple of the stoic called to superintend the erection of man- school of philosophy. He was the tutor ufacturing establishments at Lowell, where, of Nero, who, listening to the calumnies of by his enterprise, energy and extraordinary his enemies, had him accused of treason talent, his name became identified with and condemned. He professed a contempt the prosperity of that new and flourishing for luxuries, but was not indifferent to city. wealth, for he acquired an immense estate. 1840. ALEXANDER NASMITI, the father His Morals have often been republished in of the Scottish school of landscape paint- English. ing, an eminent artist, and author of 276. MARCUS CLAUDIUS TACITUS, emperor numerous productions, died at Edinburgh, of Rome, died, at Tyana upon Saurus. He aged 83. claimed descent from Tacitus the historian, 1844. JAMES STEWART,commonly known was a wise, benevolent and patriotic ruler, as Jimmey Strength, died in England, and had reigned but six months when he aged 116. He was born at Charleston, S. was snatched away by assassination or some C., 1728, and at the age of 20 enlisted as a violent disease. soldier-was at the battle of Quebec and 1204. Siege of Constantinople by the Bunker's Hill. He had five wives and 27 French and Venitian crusaders. In the children. Ten of his sons were killed in pillage which followed the conquest of this battle. His strength was remarkable. superb city, all the admirable monuments During the last 60 years of his life he of Grecian art were demolished, including traveled the borders as a wandering min- a colossal Hercules, by Lysippus. This strel, scraping upon a wretched violin. deed by Christians is a great offset to the 1854. One of the college buildings of the wanton depredations upon works of art of Indiana University was destroyed by fire; which the Turks and pagans are so often it contained a library of 2700 volumes. accused. 19 146 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 12. 1443. HENRY CHICHELEY, archbishop of unavailing, he returned to a milk and Canterbury, died. His talents fitted him vegetable diet, and recovered his strength, for the office; and the office enabled him activity and cheerfulness, with the free to exercise his benevolence and charity and perfect use of his faculties; and by a with munificence. He founded the college regular observance of this regimen, reached of All Souls. the mature age ot 72. His writings are 1520. FRANCIS' ALVARES, a Portuguese numerous, and principally on health and priest, arrived at the court of David, king longevity. of Abyssinia, where he remained six years, 1749. British ships Namur, 74 guns, 700 and on his return published an account of men; Pembroke, 60 guns, 400 men; Apolhis embhssy. lo, 40 guns, 300 men; and a great many 1549. JOAN of Kent, an anabaptist, con- merchantmen, lost on the coast of Corodemned to be burned. mandel; 23 men only saved from the 1646. FRANcIS DE BASSOMPIERRE, marshal Namur. of France, died. He was one of the most 1749. FRANCIS BELLENGER, a learned distinguished and the most amiable men doctor of the Sarbonne, died at Paris. He of the court of Henry IV. Incurring the translated some of the ancient historians, displeasure or the jealousy of Cardinal and wrote criticisms on Rollin's works, to Richelieu, he was sent to the Bastile, where show his ignorance of Greek. he remained 12 years, until the death of 1757. Subsidiary treaty between Engthe cardinal. He wrote his own memoirs land and Priusia; England to pay annualand a history of his embassies, while in ly 4,000,000 crowns to Frederick II. prison. 1765. EDWARD YOUNG, the English poet, 1655. FRANCIS GUYET, an eminent French died, aged 84. He was educated for the critic, died. He employed many years in church, but was unfortunately induced to traveling and study, and finally settled in abandon it for politics, in which he was Paris, where he became so much esteemed unsuccessful. His Night Thoughts had their that he might have risen to the highest origin in a melancholy state of mind, prohonors, had he not preferred retirement. duced by his misfortunes. 1678. THOMAS STANLEY, a learned Eng- 1770. GEORGE III gave his assent to the lish writer, died, aged 34. He published act for repealing the duties on glass, paper a History of Philosophy, containing the lives and colors, in America; but the duty was and opinions of philosophers, of every continued from a point of honor, and as a sect, a work of great merit and popularity, badge of sovereignty over the colonies. and which was translated into Latin for the 1780. The British opened their fire upon use of the German literati. the American batteries at Charleston, which 1695. Votes of the assembly of New they continued until the 20th. York first published. 1782. PIETRO METASTASIO, an Italian 1695. JOHN KITTLEWELL, an English poet, died. He supplied the opera for a divine, died. He acquired great reputa- number of years with popular operas and tion previous to the revolution, but refas- oratorios. He has been styled the poet of ing to take the oath of allegiance after that love. In all his works he stands high; in event, was deprived of his living, and de- his opera:; he is unrivaled. voted his time to writing. 1782. The French fleet under count de 1704. JAMES BENIGNUS BOSSUET, bishop Grasse defeated by the British under Rodof Meaux, in France, died. He distin- ney, with the loss of 9,000 killed and guished himself as a preacher and a writer wounded. A French 74 gun ship was of great erudition. His works were pub- blown up, and one of the same rate sunk; lished in 12 vols. quarto. two 74's, one 64, and the Ville de Paris, 1709. First number of the Tattler ap- of 110 guns, having on board the French peared. admiral, were taken. Thirty-six chests of 1734. THOMAS FAUJTET DE LAGNY died at money, the whole train of artillery, batParis. His mathematical efforts and re- tering cannon, and traveling carriages, were searches were directed more to subjects of on board the captured vessels —a circumcuriosity than utility. He carried the stance which totally disabled the French quadrature of the circle to 120 decimal from carryingonoffensiveoperationsagainst places. the British possessions in the West Indies. 1743. GEORGE CHEYNE, a Scottish physi- British loss 1,050 killed and wounded. A cian, died. He was studious and abste- new system of tactics for breaking through mious in his youth, but on coming to Lon- the line of an enemy was here made use don, cultivated the society of free livers of for the first time. It was invented by for the advantages of trade I till he became John Clerk, of Eldin, a country gentleat length extremely asthmatic, lethargic, man, unacquainted with navigation. His listless, and corpulent, exceeding 32 stone principles have since been applied by all in weight. Finding the power of medicine the English admirals, and Howe, St. Vin April 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 147 cent, Duncan and Nelson, owe to them miles. Such were the tremendous effects their most signal victories. of the burning lava, the overflowing of the 1782. Action off Ceylon, between the sea, the falling of houses, and the violence French under Admiral Suffrein, and the of the whirlwind, that out of 12,000 inBritish unfder Hughes. British loss, 144 habitants on this island, only 26 survived. killed and 400 wounded. At Java, 300 miles distant, the air was so 1784. JOSEPH RAULIN, an eminent French full of ashes, as to produce profound darkphysician, died. He was induced by Mon- ness at mid-day; and at Bima, 40 miles tesquieu to remove to Paris, where he ac- distant, the roofs of many houses were quired great reputation, and was employed crushed by the weight of ashes falling on by government to write medical works. them. 1788. The first power loom began to 1816. Hamilton county in northern New work at Philadelphia, and on the first of York erected. November following the quantity of cloths 1829. FELIX NEFF, a Swiss preacher, manufactured was 3,719 yards jean, 580 died. He undertook to improve the educorduroys, 67 federal rib, 57 beaver fustian, cation and domestic habits of the peasants 3,672 plain cottons, 123 birdseye, and of the dreary regions called the High Alps 2,879 linen; total 11,197, besides the of France. He persevered a number of quantity then in the looms. years with much success; but his unre1800. FREDERICK CONRAD HORNEMANN, mitting labors destroyed his constitution, a celebrated German teacher, who had un- and led to a premature death. dertaken a journey into Africa for dis- 1834. N. G. DUFIEF, a French linguist, covery, wrote that he was on the point of died. His mother was distinguished for setting out with the great caravan of Bor- her heroism in the Vendean war; and thd nou, since which nothing certain has been son was driven to America by political learned of him. disturbances, and resided at Philadelphia. 1804. JOSEPH DACRE CARLYLE, an Eng- He just survived the publication of his lish orientalist, died. He devoted much great work, the Pronouncing Dictionary. attention to the study of Arabic, traveled 1839. JOHN GALT, the novelist, died at in the east, and on his return was employ- Greenock, Scotland, aged 60. Being uned in the publication of the Bible in Arabic, successful in business in London, he visitwhen his constitution gave way under the ed the south of Europe in 1809, and soon task imposed upon it. after commenced an active literary career, 1809. The French fleet in Basque roads which continued till near the close of his destroyed by the British under Admiral life. Cochran. The British lost but 10 killed 1839. The justly celebrated Dr. Black, and about 40 wounded. The loss of the of Mareschall college, Aberdeen, Dr. Keith French in vessels and men was tre- so well known as a writer on prophecy, mendous. with the devoted Messrs. McCheyne and 1810. The French captured the East In- Bonar of the Scottish church, sailed from dia company's settlement at Tapanooly, in Dover in England to inquire into and deSumatra. vise measures for the amelioration of the 1814. Count D'ARTOIS, brother of Louis state of the Jews in Palestine. This misXVI, entered Paris; Bonaparte set off for sion proved of much benefit. the island of Elba; intercourse between 1840. FRANcIs ANTHONY, chevalier de France and England opened; and a grand GERSTNER, a distinguished Austrian enillumination in London, on account of the gineer, died at Philadelphia, aged 44. He restoration of the Bourbons, and peace commenced at his own risk, the first rail with France, which was continued three road on the continent of Europe, from days. Budweis on the Moldau, to Lintz on the 1814. CHARLES BURNEY, an English mu- Danube, 130 miles. He suggested to the sical composer, died. He commenced the emperor Nicholas the project of a rail road study of music as an organist. At the age from St. Petersburg to Moscow, a portion of 31 he undertook to write a General of which was undertaken under his direcHistory of Music, upon which he bestowed tion, and first opened in 1837, and since nearly 40 years of labor and travel. He prosecuted by the government. visited all, the institutions of Europe at 1848. New code of New York laws which he could obtain important informa- adopted. tion for his work. He furnished the mu- 1849. Signor GASPARIs, at Naples, dissical articles for Rees' Encyclopedia, and is covered a new planet, making the fourth the author of several other valuable works. added to our system in four years. 1815. Great eruption of Tomboro, which 1850. ADONIRAM JUDSON,' a celebrated commenced on the 5th. The explosions baptist missionary died at sea. resembled the firing of cannon, and were 1854. A review of 25,000 troops in Paris, heard at Sumatra, not nearer than 900 before the British officers. 148 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 12. 1854. The French squadron under Ad- 1686. ANTONIO DE SOLIS, a Spanish author miral Parseval-Deschenes, sailed from Brest of note, died, aged 76. He was appointed to join the British fleet in the Baltic. historiographer of the Indies, and wrote 1855. The United States gave the twelve the Conquest of Mexico, on which his fame months' notice to Denmark of their inten- as an author principally rests. tion to terminate the treaty of 1826, by 1699. Birthday of MARIA CATHARINA which the payment of sound dues was re- WALTER, in Germany. She died in Philacognized. delphia, 1802, aged over 103, having lived in three centuries. 1722. CHARLES LESLIE, an Irish theoloAPRIL 13. gian, died. He was a magistrate under James II, and respected for his talents and 58 n. c. JuLIUS CIESAR finished his famous integrity. His writings were numerous, wall of entrenchment, 16 feet in height and sought for with avidity. and 17 miles in length, from Geneva to 1726. VELASCO Y. PALOMINO, a highly St. Claude; being a labor of only 6 days. admired Spanish painter, died at Madrid. 1436. Paris surrendered to the French 1742. OLIVER REYLOF died at Ghent, under Charles VII, having been almost 14 eminent as a Latin poet. years in the possession of the English. 1748. CHRISTOPHER PITT, an English 1517. Cairo taken by the Turks under poet, died. His translation of Virgil's Selim, after a gallant resistance, and 50,000.Aneid is said to be superior to Dryden's. of its inhabitants barbarously massacred. 1759. GEORGE FREDERICK HANDEL, the The sultan was hanged on one of the gates, illustrious German musical composer, died Egypt was reduced to a province, and the at London, aged 75. His grand oratorio, power of the Mamelukes crushed, who for the Messiah, appeared in 1741. more than 260 years had swayed the land. 1759. Battle of Bergen, in which the 1584. An expedition fitted out by Sir duke of Broglio defeated the allies under Walter Raleigh took possession of Wowo- Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, who lost ken, on the coast of America, since called 2,000 men and the Hanoverian prince Virginia. A colony was left there, but Ysemberg. they were cut off by the Indians, and every 1777. Battle of Boundbrook, New Jersey, one put to death. in which 500 Americans under Gen. Lin1598. HENRY IV of France published at coln were attacked by 2000 British under Nantes the memorable edict of toleration; Cornwallis, and effected a retreat with the it was revoked 1685, by Louis XIV. loss of 60. 1605. BORIS GODOONOFF, czar of Moscow, 1782. Third action off Ceylon, between died. He was called to the throne by ac- the British under Admiral Hughes, and the clamation, on the death of Fedor, the last French under Suffrein; latter defeated. of the dynasty of Ruric. In abilities and 1787. Board of regents of the university vigor of character, he resembled Peter the of the state of New York established. great; and might be called one of the 1788. Great riot in New York, occasiongreatest of princes, was not his name tar- ed by the imprudent manner in which the nished by a crime that led his way to the physicians procured subjects from the burythrone. ing grounds; several lives lost. 1638. HENRY, duke of Rohan, a French 1794. PETER GASPARD CHAUMETTE, a warrior and historian, died. He signalized French revolutionist, executed. He was himself under Henry IV, both in the field the son of a cobbler, displayed great and in the cabinet, but the jealousy of courage at the taking of the Bastile, and Richelieu drove him to Geneva. He joined became one of the most sanguinary and the duke of Saxe Weimar against the im- reckless characters of the time, till his perialists, and was wounded in the battle, career was arrested by the guillotine. of which he died. 1795. Riots in England on account of 1640. The English parliament again met the high prices of food. by royal mandate, after a refusal on the 1796. Battle in the defiles of Millesimo, part of the king to call one for 12 years. Italy, in which the French under Augereau 1641. RICHARD MONTAGUE, a learned and Joubert defeated the imperialists, who English prelate, died. He published sev- retreated to the mountains of Cossaria. eral controversial works. 1799. Schaffhausen, on the Rhine in 1684. NIcOLAO ANTONIO, a Spanish au- Switzerland, taken by the imperialists. thor, died. He published an account of 1801. The canal at Alexandria, Egypt, all the Spanish writers, in 4 vols. folio, en- cut by the British, and the country inuntitled Bibliotheca Hispania. He spent his dated. income, which was large, in acts of charity, 1804. Makey, a Malay settlement on the and in collecting a library, which at his coast of Sumatra, destroyed by the Britdeath amounted to 30,000 volumes. ish. April 13.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 149 1807. ROBERT HERON, an erudite and under Edward I, were victorious, carrying popular writer, died. By unwearied in- off more than 250 sail of their opponents. dustry he raised himself from an obscure 1293. The mariners of Portsmouth and to a prominent situation in society. the Cinque Ports captured the Norman 1813. Battle of Castilla, in Spain; the fleet, of 200 ships, off Brittany, and masBritish under Sir John Murray, defeated sacred the crews. the French under Suchet. 1322. FITZ-SIMEON and HoGH the illumi1815. The bill for the construction of nator, two friars of Dublin, commenced the Erie canal from the Hudson river to their pilgrimage to the holy sepulchre. lake Erie, passed the house of assembly, 1345. RICHARD AUNGERVILLE, an English 84 to 15. scholar and statesman, died; better known 1818. THOMAS HATCHCOCK died in Rich- as Richard de Bury. He may be classed mond county, North Carolina, aged 125, as the first bibliomaniac upon record in leaving a son aged 93 and another 16, and England. He purchased thirty or forty a great progeny besides. volumes of the.bbot of St..dlbans, for fifty 1827. HUGH CLAPPERTON, a Scottish pounds weight of silver; and so enamored traveler, died. He was employed by the was he of his collection, which became British to' explore the interior of Africa, very large for that period, that he expressand died at Sackatoo, on his second jour- ly composed a treatise on the love of books, ney thither. entitled Philobiblon. 1832. SHADRACH BOND, first governor of 1471. Battle of Barnet, between Edward Illinois, died at Kaskaskia. IV and the great earl of Warwick, in which 1839. ROBERT HILLHOUSE, an English the latter was defeated and slain, together poet, died. He was a stocking-weaver of with his brother and 10,000 men. MarNottingham, and had no advantages of garet (the queen of Henry VI, who was education but such as were afforded by confined in the tower,) landed from France Sunday schools. His works " will insure on the same day with troops, only to hear his celebrity as a poet of no mean grade." the tidings of the disaster which had be1850. Pope PIus IX returned to Rome. fallen her cause. 1853. WILLIAM R. KING, vice-president 1558. Marriage of the dauphin of France of the United States, died. He was for with Mary Stuart, queen of Scots, to whom many years a diplomat abroad, and his he had been affianced ten years. career furnished a remarkable instance of 1619. JOHN VAN OLDENBARNEVELDT, a the eminent and deserved success of probi- statesman in the time of Elizabeth, bety, fidelity, industry, gentlemanly spirit headed for his praiseworthy attempts to and bearing, and inflexible honor. limit the power of the stadtholder Maurice, 1855. HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE, an which were construed into crimes. His eminent English geologist, died, aged 59 noble lady, who witnessed his death withHe was the author of many geological out emotion, was afterwards solicitous for works, and director-general of the geolo- the pardon of a son, telling the astonished gical survey of the united kingdom, and Maurice that she did not ask pardon for was knighted in 1848, in recognition of his her husband for he was innocent, but she valued and long-continued services. entreated for her son for he was guilty. 1856. Philadelphia visited by a tornado, 1662. WILLIAM FIENNES, Lord Say and 150 houses unroofed. Sele, died. He was a troublesome subject * under Charles I and Cromwell; but became tractable under Charles II (as he had APRIL 14. been under James I), and was promoted, instead of others who had been more de979. ETHELRED II, crowned at Kingston voted to the royal cause. by the famous Dunstan, then archbishop 1685. THOMAS OTWAY, an English dramaof Canterbury. This was the first king in tist, died. His tragedy of Venice Preserved England who took a coronation oath, and still keeps the stage; and though his pieces the first it is said to institute trial by jury. were generally successful, he died at a In this reign priests were forbidden to public house (where he had secreted himmarry. self from his creditors) in a state of great 1040. HAROLD I (Harefoot), king of Eng- destitution, at the early age of 34. land, died. He was succeeded by his 1707. Battle of Almanza, in which the brother Hardicanute, whose first act was to combined English and Portuguese armies order the body of Harold to be dug up were totally defeated by the French and and thrown into the Thbmes. Spaniards under the duke of Berwick, with 1293. Naval engagement in the British the loss of 5,000 killed and wounded, and channel, between the French and English 10,000 prisoners. fleets, by mutual agreement, with the whole 1711. Louis, the dauphin of Franice, died of their respective forces. The English, of smallpox, aged 50. 150 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 14. 1743. THOMAS RUNDLE, a learned English nary in Parkville, Missouri, was broken prelate, died. He was the intimate friend into, and ransacked, and the press thrown of the learned and polite of his age. A into the Missouri river, and the editors orvolume of his letters has been published. dered to leave the state. The mob voted 1760. Louis SILVESTER, an eminent that no person belonging to the northern French painter, died. He was ennobled by methodist church should preach in Platte the king of Poland. county under " the penalty of tar and 1769. JOHN GILBERT COOPER, an English feathers for the first offence, and a hemp miscellaneous writer, died. He was a man rope for the second." of wealth, who made literature his amusement. His works, original and translated, are lively and elegant. APRIL 15. 1780. Battle of Monk's Corner in South Carolina; the American cavalry surprised 1491 B. c. The Israelites arrived at the and defeated by Tarleton. wilderness of Sin, on the 15th of Jiar, 1783. MICHAEL FRANCIS DANDRE-BAR- just a month after their departure from DON, a French painter, died. He was pro- Ramasses. fessor in the academy of painting, and ad- 43 B. c. First battle of Mutina, the momired for his historical writings. dern Modena, in which Marc Antony was 1785. WILLIAM WHITEHEAD, an English repulsed by the two consuls Hirtius and poet, died.. His principal works are the Pansa, assisted by Octavius Caesar. Pansa Roman Father and Creusa, dramas, which died of the wounds he received in this were received with great applause. conflict, and Hirtius was slain after he had 1793. Action between the British ship achieved a second and more decisive vicPhaeton and French privateer Dumourier, tory. with a Spanish prize in tow. The prize 1053. GODWIN, earl of Kent, died. He was taken; her cargo was valued at ~1,- was a powerful Saxon baron, who dis300,000, and ~935,000 was adjudged sal- tinguished himself under Canute in the war vage for her recapture. with Sweden. 1793. JOHN BAPTIST GOBEL, a French 1205. BALDWIN I, emperor of Constanbishop, guillotined. He took an active tinople, defeated by Joannices, king of the part in the revolution, abjured religion, Bulgarians, and taken prisoner. and was condemned by Robespierre for atheism, 1415. EMANUEL CHRYSOLORAS, a learned and executed. Greek, died. He was employed by John 1795. A cargo of boards arrived at New- Palaologus as ambassador to different buryport, the first arrival through the locks courts of Europe, where he acquitted himand canals on Merrimack river-an ex- self with honor. pensive project of, inland navigation, which 1513. The English fleet under sir Edward was the best then in vogue. Howard defeated off Brest by the French. 1796. Battle of Millesimo, Italy; the 1521. The faculty of divines of the French under Napoleon defeated the Aus- university of Paris, after many meetings trians and Sardinians, who lost 2,500 kill- held in the Sorbonne, drew up a censure of ed, about 8,000 prisoners, and 22 cannon. the heresies of Luther, which was solemn1801. LEMUEL HOPKINS, a Connecticut ly proclaimed in a general assembly on physician and poet, died. He was singular this day. in his appearance and habits, but possessed 1558. A volcano burst out near a spring great skill and assiduity in his profession; in the isle of Palma, one of the Canaries. and as a man of learning and a poet en- 1570. WILLIAM ALLEY, bishop of Exeter, titled to more fame than is awarded him. died. During the reign of Mary he retired, 1803. JOHN F. HAMTRAMCK, an officer and kept a school and practiced physic, in of the revolution, died at Detroit, where order to avoid persecution; but on the ache was stationed as colonel of the first cession of Elizabeth he was promoted. He regiment of United States infantry, and wrote the Poor Man's Library, and other commandant of Detroit and its depen- works. dencies. He served during the whole war 1611. RICHARD MULCASTER, a celebrated of the revolution, with such distinguished scholar and English writer, died at Stanmerit as to receive the particular approba- ford Rivers, where he was rector. tion of Washington. 1632. GEORGE CALVERT, lord Baltimore, 1809. BEILBY PORTEUS, bishop of Lon- died. He was a learned, amiable and acdon, died. His talents and acquirements complished man, who resigned his offices procured him honors and wealth; and his under James I on embracing the catholic writings will perpetuate his name. faith. The king, however, raised him to 1814. Congress repealed the embargo the Irish peerage of Baltimore. He oblaw of Dec., 1813. tained a grant for a plantation in New1855. The office of the Industrial Lumi- foundland; but the invasions of the French April 15.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 151 obliged him to abandon it, after he had antiquary, died. He was well versed in spent ~25,000 in its settlement. In the English antiquities, a correct writer and a place of it, he received a territory on the good historian. continent, now known as the state of 1764. JANE ANTOINETTE PoISSON, marchioMaryland. ness de Pompadour, died. She was the 1642. Battle of Killrush in Ireland, in favorite of the licentious Louis XV. The which the Roman catholic army was sig- patronage she extended to literature and nally defeated by the duke of Ormond. the arts in some degree atoned for the fol1659. SIMON DACH, a German poet, died. lies she committed. He lived in a humble condition until he 1764. ARCHIBALD LAIDLIE, having acwas appointed professor of poetry in the cepted a call from the reformed protestant university of Konigsberg. His secular Dutch church in New York, preached the songs are said to be lively and natural; first English sermon before that congregahis sacred songs distinguished for deep tion. and quiet feeling. 1768. The populace at Peterborough, 1670. JPHN DAILLIE, a distinguished England, demolished a house that had French protestant divine, died. His works been opened for the inoculation for small evince great learning and judgment, and pox. The pretence was to prevent the excited much interest. spreading of a new disease. 1697. CHARLES XI of Sweden died. He 1776. JAMES GRANGER, a learned and inwas successful in war, and respected as a genious English divine, died. He is the just prince. author of a valuable Biographical History of 1702. The proprietaries of East andWest England, 4 vols. quarto. Jersey surrendered the government to 1777. A party of 100 Indians attacked queen Anne, after which it continued un- the settlement of Boonesborough, in Kender one government, called New Jersey. tucky, and killed 4 of colonel Boone's men. 1715. The Yamasses, a powerful tribe of 1777. Congress resolved that no distincIndians in South Carolina, having meditat- tion be made between the troops, and that ed the extirpation of the English settle- the titles of Congress's Own Regiment, ments in that state, fell upon Pocataligo Washington's Life Guards, &c., be aboand the neighboring plantations, and mas- lished. sacred all who fell into their hands. 1777. British picket near Bonumtown, 1719. FRANCES D'AUBIGNE, madame de N. J., stormed by a detachment under Maintenon, a celebrated French lady, died. captain Patterson. From a state of want and dependence she 1786. ANDREW WILSON executed at Edinrose to be the wife of the king of France, burgh. This execution occasioned the subthough not publicly married. Her ex- sequent Porteous mob. amplary life and extensive charity after 1788. MARY DELANY, an ingenious Irish that event, made amends for many errors lady, died, aged 88. She corresponded committed in reaching the height of her with some of the learned men of the day; ambition. bfit is chiefly known by an ingenious Flora 1720. LUKE MELBOURNE, an English di- which she commenced at the age of 74, vine, died. He was a prose and poetical and labored at with taste and assiduity writer of considerable ability, and his name nearly ten years, when her sight began to is frequently introduced by Dryden and fail her. It was constructed of paper, cut Pope in their works. and painted to resemble nature, with great 1754. The first theatre opened in Phila- accuracy of form and color. delphia, at the west corner of Cedar and 1791. The first corner stone in the disVernon streets, with the Fair Penitent and trict of Columbia was laid at Jones's point, Miss in her Teens. near Alexandria, with the imposing masonic 1755. The counters of the bank of Eng- ceremonies of the time, and a quaint adland were broken down by the crowd in dress by Rev. James Muir. By the retrotheir eagerness to obtain lottery tickets. cession of Alexandria, a little more than 1756. JAMES CASSINI, a French astrono- fifty years after, the corner stone was no mer, died. He succeeded his father as as- longer within the district. tronomer royal, and made many important 1793. FORSTER POWELL, the celebrated discoveries. English pedestrian, died, aged 59. His 1758. The strong fortress of Schweid- favorite walk was from the monument in nitz, in Prussia, taken by assault, by the London to the cathedral in York and back Prussians, and count Theirhaimb with again, a distance of 340 miles, in less than 5,000 Austrians surrendered. six days. 1761. JAMES CAWTHORNE, an English 1793. PHILIBERT FRANCIS ROUXELLE DE poet, died. His poems were collected and BLANCHELANDE executed; distinguished in published quarto, in 1771. the American war, and at the taking of 1761. WILLIAM OLDYS, a famous English Tobago. 152 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 15. 1796. Second battle of Dego, Italy. The N. J., aged 100. His death was occassioned Austrians under Beaulieu surprised the by a fall, before which he was accustomed French and carried the village. Massena, to walk 12 miles a day. who attempted to stop their progress, was 1854. The steam boat Secretary, while repulsed; Bonaparte with Victor and Lan- crossing San Pablo bay, from San Francisco nes finally succeeded in driving them out. to Petaluma, burst her boiler, by which 1813. ALEXANDER MURRAY, a Scottish the boat was blown to pieces, and more linguist, died. His History of European than 50 persons perished. Languages, which was published after his 1856. An affray occurred at Panama bedeath, is a work of great research and tween the passengers of the American merit. His application hastened his death, transit company and the natives, in which took place at the early age o'f 37. which 30 passengers were killed and 20 1816. A brick-red snow fell on Tonal wounded. and other mountains in Italy. 1817. The memorable law upon which the system of internal improvement of the APRIL 16. state of New York is based, passed the legislature. X 29 B. C. OCTAVIUS CASAAR entered Rome 1820. JOHN BELL, an eminent surgeon of and celebrated the grand triple triumph of Edinburgh, died at Rome. He is well nine days, for his victories at Dalmatia, at known for his valuable works on surgery Actium and Alexandria, and shut the gates and anatomy. of the temple of Janus Quirinus the second 1825. HENRY FUSELI, a Swiss painter, time. This is also the anniversary of his died. He was induced to visit England, being saluted Emperor. The city at this where he distinguished himself. time was 50 miles in circumference, con1828. MICHOFSKY, a Russian farmer, died taining 4,000,000 inhabitants, and the anat Pleskow, in the government of Novo- nual revenue of the state amounted to gorod, aged 165. He led a very sober life, about $180,000,000,0001 though occasionally he partook of ardent 66. The massacre and crucifixion of spirits. He never ate meat more than twice 3600 Jews took place at Jerusalem, on the a week. At 120 he still labored in the 16th Artemisius, (Jiar) under the procurafield. His mother lived to the age of 117, torship of Gessius Horus. and one of his sisters 112, but his father 1546. Paul III excommunicated the died at 52. bishop of Cologne for heresy in coun1834. AYLET HAWES, a distinguished tenancing Lutheranism. The bishop rephilanthropist, died in Culpepper county, signed rather than expose his people to Virginia. He manumitted his slaves, 110 the miseries of war. in number, and provided for their removal 1548. Evening prayer began to be read to Liberia. in English in king Edward VI's chapel. 1840. JAMES BRowNE, a Scottish author, 1551. A pestilence broke out at Shrewsdied at Edinburgh; a man distinguished bury, in England. It reached London in for his learning and research, for several July, and the weekly mortality was upyears editor of the Caledonian Mercury, and wards of 700. It ravaged the eastern and a writer of valuable articles in the Ency- northern parts of the kingdom till Sepclopedia Britannica, particularly on gram- tember, when it stopped suddenly. mar, history, biography, &c. 1564. Birthday of WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, 1843. CHARLES BULFINCH, an eminent at Stratford-upon-Avon. American architect, died in Boston, Mass, 1629. The lord treasurer's warrant isThe state house at Boston and the capitol sued, giving liberty for 60 women and at Washington were built after his designs. maids, 26 children, and 300 men, with 1846. At an eruption of mount, Hecla victuals, arms, apparel and tools, 140 cattle, the pillars of fire rose from a new crater to some horses, sheep and goats, to go to the height of 14,000 feet. The ice and America. They sailed in 6 ships, and snow which had covered the mountain for landed at Naumkeak, in Massachusetts, many centuries were wholly melted, and now Salem, a name which was chosen in pieces of scorine weighing 200 pounds were place of the aboriginal one, as expressive thrown a league and a half. of the peaceful asylum they found in the 1852. ALEXANDER MACKAY, an English American wilderness. political economist and reformer, died, 1634. Of seven sailors left by the Dutch aged 33. He was many years connected on the coast of Greenland, for the purpose with the Morning Chronicle newspaper; of establishing a wintering place, the first traveled in the United States in 1846-7, one died. These sailors were amply supand published his observations in three plied with every article of clothing, provolumes, under the title of Western World. visions and utensils thought necessary or 1854. JAMES MOORE died at Metrechin, useful in such a situation. A journal was April 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 153 kept by them, by which it appears that on were compelled to retire with considerable the ninth October they began to make a loss. constant fire to sit by; and soon after it 1788. GEORGE LouIS LECLERC, count de was remarked that they experienced a con- Buffon, died. He was the greatest natursiderable change in their bodies, with gid- alist of the 18th century. His Natural diness in their heads. At the time of the History, to which he devoted fifty years of death of this man, they were all disabled his life, was published in 36 vols. and but one person. This poor wretch con- opened a new science to the world. tinued the journal till the last day of April, 1796. SAMUEL PINNOCK, a negro, died at when they were praying for a speedy re- Kingston, Jamaica, aged 125. lease from their miseries. On the return 1796. Battle of Cera; the entrenched of their countrymen in the spring, they Piedmontese camp attacked by the French were all found dead. (See Jan. 14th for a under Augereau and Joubert; the former similar event.) fought all day, and then evacuated their 1639. WILLIAM KIEFT having become camp. governor of New Netherland, took the af- 1799. Battle of Esdrelon and Mount fidavit of sundry persons to the effect that Tabor; the Syrian army defeated by Bonaunder the administration of his predeces- parte, with the loss of 5,000 men. sor the public interests had been neglect- 1811. A plantation at Port-Royal mouned, and the fortifications allowed to go to ttins, Jamaica, on which were about thirty decay. acres of coffee, sunk down and disappeared, 1644. WILLIAM BREWSTER, one of the so that only the ridge of the house was leading members of the Plymouth colony, discernible died. He possessed a large property in 1812. HUGH WHITE, founder of WhitesEngland, which he lost in escaping from town, near Utica, New York, died. ecclesiastical tyranny, and supported him- 1813. Part of the British squadron anself in Holland by teaching a school. chored off Petapsco river, within sight of 1662. Three of the judges who con- Baltimore. demned Charles I, namely Miles Corbet, 1814. CHARLES PHILIP, count d'Artois, John Ohey and John Barstead, were ar- deClared the Capetan, or Frenchmonarchy, rested in Holland, and sent to England for to be re-established. execution. 1820. ARTHUR YOUNG, a celebrated Eng1681. The province of New Jersey of- lish agriculturist, died. He traveled exfered for sale, at about $25,000. An origi- tensively in Great Britain and on the connal letter is still in existence, from the earl tinent with a view'to the improvement of of Bath to lord Norbury, since sold by husbandry. Besides his works on agriculauction as a curious manuscript, contain- ture he published his tours. ing a proposal for the sale, in which it is 1823. WILLIAM ASPINWALL, an American represented as " a country almost as large physician, died, aged 80. He was a suras England, belonging to the late George geon in the revolutionary army, and was Carteret." famous for his skill in the treatment of 1689. APHARA BEHN (alias.Astrea) an smallpox. He erected hospitals, where he English authoress, died. At Surinam, received patients to be inoculated for the where her family resided, she became ac- disease; but on becoming convinced of the quainted with the African prince Oroonoo- efficacy of vaccination, he closed them. ko, on whose story she founded a novel, 1830. Earthquake in Central America; which Southey has dramatized. Her works several towns destroyed. consist of novels, poems and 17 plays. 1831. National congress of Belgium dis1743. CORNELIUS VAN BYNKERSHOEK, an solved. eminent Dutch lawyer, died. He published 1832. MUzIo CLEMENTINO, the father of several law works, which display great pianoforte music, died in England. He talents and research, and is characterized was born at Rome, 1752, and practiced in as "one of the most learned among modern his profession as a musician with great apcivilians." plause in the principal cities of Europe. 1746. Battle of Culloden, which ter- 1840. WILLIAM PITTS, an eminent sculpminated the Scottish rebellion. The forces tor, died at London, aged 50. of the pretender were defeated, with the 1847. JOHN BURNHAM, aged 93, and his loss of 1,200 slain, by the English under wife, Mehitable, aged 90, died in Essex, the duke of Cumberland, second son of Mass., and were buried in one grave. Two George II, and the pretender himself com- days previous Benjamin Burnham, aged pelled to flee to France. 92, died at the same place. They were the 1781. Naval action in the harbor of St. three oldest inhabitants of that town. Jago, Cape de Verde, between the British.1854. The city of San Salvador was fleet under Johnstone, and the French un- wholly destroyed by an earthquake, causder admiral Suffrein, in which the latter ing the loss, in less than one minute, of 20 154 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 16. more than 200 lives, and four millions bookseller and postmaster, and printed by worth of property. B. Green. 1854. The ship Powhatan, from Havre 1711. JOSEPH I, 15th emperor of Ausfor New York, having on board 311 emi- tria, died. He was crowned king of Hungrants, went ashore in a gale on Long Beach, gary, 1687; elected king of the Romans, near Egg Harbor, was totally wrecked, and 1690, and succeeded to the empire of not a single passenger was saved. Germany, 1705. 1856. TEACHER MAGOUN, a noted Ameri- 1761. BENJAMIN HOADLEY, bishop of can ship builder, died, aged 81. He laid Winchester, died, aged 85. He was a the first keel of a ship at Midford, Mass., great controversialist, and started a quesin 1802, and during half a century built a tion which occupied the press a number fleet. of years. His works comprise 4 volumes folio. APRIL 17. 1765. Lord BYRON convicted before the house of peers in London of manslaughter 1013. ABDULLAH, a Moorish historian, in slaying Mr. ChaForth in a duel. Being was killed at the taking of Cordova, his a privileged peer, burning in the hand was native city. dispensed with, and he was discharged on 1421. An inundation of the rivers at the payment of fees. Dort, in Holland, which swept away 100,. 1770. Great illumination of the city of 000 persons, and destroyed 72 villages. London, on account of the liberation of 1434. The ice broke up at Paris,which had the celebrated politician, Mr. Wilkes, from continued from the first of January. Snow prison. fell in Holland forty days successively dur- 1777. HENRY WOODWARD, a celebrated ing the same winter. English comedian and harlequin, died, 1492. The Spanish sovereigns, Ferdi- aged 60. His death was occasioned by an nand and Isabella, signed at Granada their accident as he was jumping upon a table grant to Columbus, constituting him in the character of Scrub! hereditary admiral and viceroy over all 1780. Engagement between the British the islands and continents he should dis- fleet under Rodney, and the French, adcover during his expedition,with the benefit miral De Guichen, in the West Indies. The of a tithe of the profits arising from the French took shelter under Guadaloupe, merchandise found within his admiralty. where the British were too much crippled 1537. The river Simeto, in Sicily, over- to follow. flowed its banks, and destroyed 500 1784. Universal religious equality houses with the neighboring castles, and created by law in New York. all the wood was uprooted by a storm. 1790. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, the American 1575. WILLIAM DAVENANT, a learned printer, statesman and philosopher, died. German, died. He was the friend and He was born at Boston, 1706, and went to confidant of the leaders of the reforma- Philadelphia at an early age, where he tion, as well as of every man of learning spent the remainder of his life. His puband consequence of the age. His works lic career is well known; his private life, are numerous. written by himself, is full of counsel, and 1610. HENRY HUDSON sailed on his last cautions, and examples of prudence and voyage. economy, and is the largest work he ever 1613. A "prodigious monster" born at composed. Adlington, England, with two bodies 1794. The Russians expelled from Warjoined to one back. It was described by saw by the Poles. a reverend gentleman, in a pamphlet enti- 1796. The French convention decreed tled Strange News. that all printers of journals should be per1670. ERIc DANIEL ACERELIUS, a Swed- sonally liable for the contents of their ish philosopher and professor at Abo, died, papers, as well as the hawkers, sellers and aged 66. posters of periodical papers. 1688. GEORGE VILLIERS, duke of Buck- 1816. An act for improving the internal ingham, died. He distinguished himself navigation of the state of New York, emas a statesman, a poet and dramatic writer; bracing the Erie and Champlain canals, bebut his character both in public and pri- came a law. Stephen Van Rensselaer, De vate life was extremely reprehensible. Witt Clinton, Samuel Young, Joseph Elli1697. CHARLES XI, king of Sweden, son, and Myron Holley, were created comdied; successful as a warrior and account- missioners, and seventy thousand dollars ed a just prince. appropriated to the purpose. 1704. The Boston News Letter, the 1817. Seven Luddites hanged at Leicesfirst newspaper printed in the North ter, England. Luddites was a name given American colonies, was commenced at to malcontents who went about destroying Boston, by John Campbell, who was a labor-saving machinery. April 17.J EVERY DAY BOOK. 155 1830. Navigation of the Black sea 1856. The peace conference at Paris opened to American vessels. terminated, for the settlement of the war 1834. IVAN PETROVITCH MARTOS, died; in the Crimea between Russia on the one formerly director of the academy of fine side, and England, France and Turkey on arts at St. Petersburg, and one of the most the other. eminent sculptors of the age. Iis works APRIL 1 are found in the principal cities of Russia. 1835. WILLIAM HENRY IRELAND died. 515 B. c. The Jewish passover, a festival He rendered himself notorious by an at- in commemoration of the destruction of tempt to impose on society some dramatic the first born of the EgyptianS, while the compositions of his own, as relics of those houses of the Jews were spared, was celeof Shakspeare. He confessed himself the brated in the new temple. author, and fully exonerated his father 1551. NIcHoLAs UDALL obtains a patent who had been implicated in the fraud. to print the works of Peter Martyr and the 1837. JOSEPH ANDERSON, an American English Bible. statesman, died at Washington, aged 80. 1552. JOHN LELAND, styled the father of He was a native of Pennsylvania, and antiquaries, died in London. He applied served in the New Jersey line throughout himself to his favorite pursuit with so the revolutionary war. much ardor as to impair his reason. He 1837. HENRY VOSE died at Woodville, was the most accomplished writer of the Mississippi, of small pox. He was distin- age. guished at the West Point school as a 1556. LEwis ALEMANNI, a Florentine proficient in mathematics, and was subse- statesman, died. He was at the head of quently connected with the press in Mis- the faction that sought to expel the MIedici; sissippi, to which he contributed exten- but finding himself unable to keep his sively in geography, statistics and history. popularity, he fled to France, where he 1837. United States sloop of war was employed as a diplomatist. Natchez captured a Mexican brig of war, 1587. JOHN Fox, the martyrologist, died, after having made a formal demand upon aged 70. His attention was early turned the Mexican authorities to release six to the reformation, and he studied the American vessels which had been illegally early writers with so much devotion that captured. his seclusion and frequent absence from 1838. JOHN REILAY died at Troy,aged 104. church excited the persecution of his 1843. ALEXANDER PROUDFIT, pastor of enemies, and occasioned him a great deal the Associate reformed church at Salem, of misfortune. Washington co., N. Y., and secretary of 1593. Shakspeare's poem of Venus the New York Colonization society, died, Adonis entered in the books at Stationer's aged 75. Hall. 1849. The steamer General Pike burnt 1610. ROBERT PARSONS, an English Jeson the Mississippi, when Col. Butler of uit, died at Rome. His abilities procured Texas, with several ot4ers, perished in the him the patronage of the pope, and he was flames. employed in educating missionaries to 1850. JAMES THOM, the sculptor, died convert protestants in England. He at New York. possessed the elements of turbulence and 1852. ETIENNE MAURICE GERARD died in intrigue to a great extent, but his operaParis, aged 74. He entered the army in tions were entirely unsuccessful. 1791, and was engaged in the battles of 1630. Manors in America created. Fleurus and Austerlitz, and in those of the 1640. PETER KIRSTENIUS, a German disastrous Russian campaign; became a physician, died at Upsal. He applied marshal and peer of France, and twice himself with great assiduity to literature held the place of minister of war. and science, acquired 26 languages, and 1854. Riot at Saginaw, Michigan; some published among other things an Arabic 300 armed men attempted to burn the grammar. jail, and rescue certain prisoners. The 1676. Sudbury, Mass. attacked by the sheriff and others were killed. Narragansetts. Several houses and barns 1854. The Winchester, an emigrant ship were burnt, and a small party who had from Liverpool for Boston, was wrecked, hastened from Concordto their relief were and a large number of passengers lost. intercepted and cut off. Another party of 1855. A new planet of the eleventh 50, sent from Boston for the relief of magnitude was discovered by Luther, at the Marlborough, which the Indians had totally observatory of Bilk, near Dusseldorf. destroyed the day before, went in pursuit 1855. Petropaulowski deserted by its of the enemy, were drawn into an ambush inhabitants,and its fortifications destroyed, and suddenly surrounded by a body of and what stores could not be removed 500. The gallant leader and his brave were burned. band fought with desperate valor to the last 156 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 18. man: but they fella prey to the numbers, 1796. SIDNEY SMITH was taken prisoner the artifice, and the bravery of their ene- on the French coast, and sent strongly mies. The Indians lost about 120. guarded to Paris. 1689. Sir EDMUND ANDROS, governor of 1797. Austria made peace with France, Massachusetts, seized and imprisoned by ceding the Netherlands, free navigation of the people, and the old magistrates rein- the Rhine, &c., to France. stated. This revolution was brought about 1802. ERASMUS DARWIN, an English after the colonists had borne the imposi- poet, died. He studied medicine at Edintions of the new administration about burgh, and first appeared before the world three years, on the circulation of a rumor as a poet in 1781, by the publication of that a massacre was intended by the gov- the Botanical Garden. He has left behind ernor's guards. him the character of an able man of great 1689. GEORGE JEFFREYS, baron Wem, eccentricity. His publications tended to the infamous lord chancellor under James materialism, and although popular for a II, died. He was never formally admitted time, have nearly fallen into oblivion. to the bar, yet continued to practice unre- 1831. JOHN ABERNETHY, an eminent strained until he attained the highest English surgeon, died. During his studies employments in the law. He was one of he was remarkable rather for the oddity of the advisers and promoters of all the op- his conversation and manners, than for pressive and arbitrary measures of the any indications of genius; and passed by reign of James It, till the revolution trans- the name of the ostler, on account of his ferred him to the tower, where he died. attending the lectures in the dress of a 1710. ALEXANDER LAINEZ, a French groom. His medical and surgical works poet, died. His pieces possess great viva- are numerous, and his eccentricity was city and elegance. proverbial. 1710. Four Indian chiefs from eastern 1838. Enactment of the New York genNew England and Canada, arrived at Lon- eral banking law. don and were carried in the royal coaches 1842. CHARLES BELL, a distinguished to their audience with the queen. medical author, and brother to the anato1768. Madame BONTEMS, a French poet- mist, John Bell, died at Edinburgh. ess, died at Paris. She was respected for 1847. The American army carried the her wit and knowledge; she published a heights of Cero Gordo with much loss, but translation of Thompson's Seasons. took many prisoners. 1781. British evacuated Camden, S. C., after burning the jail, mill, several houses, APRIL 19. the greater part of their baggage and stores, and a large quantity of private 481 B. c. An eclipse of the sun noticed stores. They left 31 American and 58 by Herodotus. British soldiers, and 3 officers, all too badly 1110. ROBERT, abbot of Molesme, founwounded to be removed. der of the Cistersians, died. The Cister1782. Naval action between the French sian monks allotted several hours of the and British fleets, in which Rodney of day to copying books, or sacred studies England defeated and took prisoner Count and manual labor. (See March 28, 1134.) de Grasse of France. 1390. ROBERT II, of Scotland, died, aged 1791. Louis XVI and the royal family 84. He was the first of the house of Stuart arrested by the populace, while Qn their who reigned, and was crowned in 1371. way to St. Cloud, and compelled to return On the accession of Richard II of England to Paris. a war commenced which continued during 1794. CHARBLE PRATT, earl of Camden, the greater part of his reign. died, aged 80. He was an eminent Eng- 1529. The elector of Saxony, marquis of lish statesman and judge, and particularly Brandenburg, landgrave of Hesse, dukes distinguished himself by his animation of Lunenburg, prince of Anhalt, together and eloquence in parliament. with 14 imperial cities, entered a solemn 1794. JEAw JosEPH DE LABORDE, a protest against the decree of the diet of wealthy French merchant, guillotined. At Spires condemning their nonconformity the breaking out of the American revolu- to the Romish church by abolishing the tion, he alone furnished the government mass, &c., declaring the decree unjust and with twelve million livres in gold at Brest, impious. Hence they were distinguished which enabled the expedition under Roch- by the name of protestants. ambeau to set sail. He sustained an 1560. PHILIP MELANCHTHON, a celebrated admirable character and bestowed immense. German divine, died. He was a coadjutor sums for charitable and benevolent objects. with Luther in the reformation, and one He fell a sacrafice to the fury of the revo- of the wisest and greatest men of his age. lution, at the age of 70, for no offence but 1593. GILES BAYS died; a celebrated that of being rich. Parisian printer, and the first after Ramas April 19.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 157 to make a distinction between j & i and u at Redriffe, in England, a blacksmith was & v in printing. killed by a cannon ball projected from an 1598. HENRY IV of France published old cannon thrown into a neighboring fur. the memorable edict of Nantes, by which nace for fusion. protestantism was tolerated in his domin- 1775. Battle of Lexington, which comions. menced the revolutionary war. About 1608. THOMAS SACKVILLE, an English 800 British grenadiers and light infantry, statesman and poet, died. He distin- proceeding to destroy the military stores guished himself as a writer by the tragedy at Concord, fell in with about 70 militia, of Gorboduc, the first regular play on the upon whom they fired and killed 8. The English stage. As a statesman he has left British proceeded to Concord, where they a fair character. partially effected their purpose, but were 1618. THOMAS BASTARD died; a poet compelled to retreat before the gathering and preacher of England, of considerable provincials, although reinforced by 900. learning and ability. men and 2 pieces of cannon. In this ex1669. GEORGE BATE, an English physi- cursion the British lost 65 killed, 180 cian, died. He had the talent and address wounded, and 28 prisoners. The provinto keep his situation as court physician to cials lost 88 killed, wounded and missing. Charles I, Cromwell and Charles II. He 1779. Col. VAN SCHAICK marched from wrote an account of the civil wars in Latin. fort Schuyler and destroyed Onondaga, N. 1684. The Synod of Edinburgh changed Y., killed 12 Indians, took 34 prisoners, the year of confirmation for children from together with a large quantity of stores, 8 to 16 years. arms, horses, &c. He returned without 1689. CHRISTINA, queen of Sweden, losing a man. died. She resigned the sceptre, 1654, 1782. Holland acknowledged the indebecame a catholic, and resided at Rome. pendence of the United States. She was a woman of great abilities and 1783. Cessation of hostilities was prolearning, and corresponded with the claimed in the American army, just eight learned men of the day in different lan- years from the day on which the war comguages. menced. The loss of lives to the Ameri1689. The toleration act, so famous cans during this war was estimated at among dissenters and others in England, 70,000 men, vast numbers of whom died was passed. on board of prison ships; not less than 1710. The 5 Mohawk chiefs, who were 11,000 died in the Jersey prison ship taken to England by Col. Schuyler, alone. attended an audience of great state with 1787. Dr. HERSCHEL observed three the queen, and made a speech. lunar volcanoes. 1739. NICHOLAS SAUNDERSON, an English 1791. RICHARD PRICE, an eminent Engmathematician, died. He lost his sight lish divine, died; celebrated for his great from smallpox, at the age of one year; abilities in arithmetical calculations, and notwithstanding which he acquired a for very numerous and valuable writings, knowledge of Greek and Latin, pursued theological, political and scientific. his studies with the assistance of friends, 1797. Battle of Diersheim, between the and was sent to Cambridge University, Austrians under the veteran Gen. Kray, where he became acquainted with Newton, and the French under Hoche, &c. The and was finally chosen professor of mathe- former were defeated with the loss of 4000 matics. His eminence in the science of prisoners, and all their cannon, baggage, certainties has rarely been equaled. ammunition, &c. 1747. THOMAS COXETER, an English an- 1797. The French under Moreau defeattiquary, died. He was a faithful and ed the Austrians and entered Kehl. The industrious collector of old English litera- Austrians fled, abandoning everything to ture, amassed materials for a biography of the enemy. the English poets, and assisted Ames in 1813. BENJAMIN RUSH, a distinguished his History of English Typography. American physician and statesman, died. 1751. JOHN BANKS, an English author, He was a member of Congress in 1776, and died. He was originally a weaver's a signer of the declaration of indepenapprentice. dence. Few men have been greater orna1751. LA CAILLE arrived at the cape of ments to the country, and very few have Good Hope, for the purpose of observing acquired greater reputation both at home the southern hemisphere. He remained and abroad. there three years, during which period he 1824. GEORGE GORDON, lord Byron, died determined the exact position of ten thou- aged 36. At the age of 19 he published a sand stars, and lixed the situation of the volume of his juvenile poems, which were isles of France and Bourbon. the precursors of some of the rarest 1765. While at dinner with his family productions which the language affords. 158 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 19. His career was marked by singularities and 1657. Naval battle in the harbor of St. dissipation. Having embarked in the Cruz, Teneriffe, in which Admiral Blake struggle of the Greeks for liberty, he was attacked and destroyed the Spanish fleet attacked by fever and died at Missolonghi. of 16 ships, under the protection of the 1833. JAMES GAMBIER, a British admiral batteries on shore. This was his last and died. He commanded the fleet which greatest achievement. took possession of the Danish navy in 1708. DAMARIS MASHAM, a learned En1807. He was characterized'by great piety glish lady, died. She was an authoress, and benevolence. and deservedly respected, not only for her 1837. M. ANCILLON, a Prussian minister, learning, but for every virtue. died at Berlin, aged 70; eminent as a 1718. JAMES PETIVER, an English botstatesman, philosopher and publicist. anist, died. He collected a valuable mu1839. AARON OGDEN. an American seum, and wrote several works on botany. statesman and patriot, died. He served as 1743. French seigniories on Lake Chaman officer during the whole of the revolu- plain. tionary war; after which he practiced 1750. JOHN LEWIS PETIT, a celebrated law for many years with great reputation, French surgeon, died. He was invited to and held important civil offices. visit the king of Poland, and afterwards 1854. JOHN DAVIS, a Massachusetts went to Spain to attend on Ferdinand. statesman of great ability, died, aged 67. He invented some valuable surgical in1856. THOMAS ROGERS, a noted manu- struments, and published several works facturer of cotton machinery, died in New on surgery. York, aged 64. He early turned his atten- 1775. General PUTNAM joined the patriot tion to the construction of iron work and band at Concord, having rode his horse machinery for rail roads, and in 1835 about 100 miles in 18 hours. began the manufacture of locomotives, in 1777. First constitution of New York the construction of which he became state adopted. greatly distinguished. 1792. French declared war against Francis I, as king of Hungary and Bohemia. APRIL 20. 1795. Treaty between the French convention and the Chouans. 69. MARCUS SALVIUS OTHO, emperor of 1798. JENKINS, known in London as the Rome, died. He ascended the throne after tall clerk, died. His outer coffin meathe murder of Galba and Piso, and three sured 8 feet. He was buried under the months after, being defeated by Vitellus, floors of the banking house which covered killed himself, rather than fall into the a part of St. Christopher's burying ground. hands of the conqueror. ~200 had been offered for his body. 332. Battle of Mmesia, in which Constan- 1798. Engagement between the British tine defeated the Goths under Alaric, and ship Mars, 74 guns, Capt. A. Hood, and compelled them to recross the Danube. French ship L'Hercule, 74 guns, and 700 1314. CLEMENT V (Bertrand de Goth), men. The British captured the Frenchpope of Rome, died. He was a French- man, but with the loss of Capt. Hood killed. man, bishop of Bordeaux, elected pope, 1809. Battle of Abensburgh; the Aus1305; was accused of licentiousness and trian army defeated by Napoleon, who extravagance. took about 10,000 prisoners and 40 can1534. ELIZABETH BARTON (the Holy Maid non. This defeat broke the lines of the of Kent), and several other persons, hanged Austrians, and exposed them to farther at Tyburn, and their heads set up in sev- misfortunes. eral parts of London, for practicing an im- 1810. Great fire at Constantinople, 8,000 posture. houses burnt. 1558 (or 9). JOHN BUGENHAGEN, a learn- 1812. GEORGE CLINTON, vice-president ed coadjutor of Martin Luther in tranmsla- of the United States, died. He was a memting the scriptures, and author of com- ber of the colonial assembly at the breakmentaries thereon, died. ing out of the revolution, when he received 1566. JOHN MASON, an English states- the appointment of brigadier-general. He man, died. He rose from obscurity to was reelected governor of New York fivb places of honor under Henry VIII, and times. maintained his influence at court under 1813. The advance of the British and Edward, Mary and Elizabeth. Indians appeared before Fort Meigs. 1579. A man named Hammond was 1821. FREDERICK CHARLES ACHARD, a burnt in a ditch at Norwich, England, for Prussian naturalist and chemist, died. He the crime of obstinate heresy, as charged is principally known as the inventor of a by the bishop of Norwich. process of manufacturing sugar from beets, 1626. St. Salvadore, capital of Brazil, which has since been brought to great surrenderedby the Dutch to the PortugueSe. perfection. April 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 159 1835. SAMUEL SLATER, "father of the 323 B. C. DIOGENES, the cynic, died at cotton manufacturing business in the Unit- Corinth, aged 90. He was expelled from ed States," died. The first cotton manu- his native city, Synope, for coining false factory in this country was built by him money. His smart sayings and repartees at Pawtucket, R. I.; it was standing and were taken for wisdom, and his misanin operation at the time of his death. thropy and residence in a tub for philoso. 1838. A meteoric shower observed at phy! He snarled at the follies of menKnoxville, Tenn.; 154 meteors being count- wherein he differed from two other great ed by two observers between the hours of philosophers, one of whom laughed at, the 10 at night and 4 in the morning. other wept for, the foibles of the world. GEORGE NUGEN.T, general and field- 248. The thousandth anniversary of marshal, died in England at the age of the foundation of Rome celebrated, in the ninety-two. He was the oldest field officer reign of the emperor Philip, when Pomin service, having entered it in 1773. He pey's famous theatre was burnt. served throughout the American revolu- 1073. ALEXANDER II, pope, died. He tionary war, and was employed in the ex- possessed one Christian virtue, that was pedition up the Hudson for the relief of charity for the Jews, whom he protected Burgoyne's army. He was also present at the from murder and rapine. capture of Forts Clinton and Montgomery. 1109. ANSELM, archbishop of Canterbury, 1842. BERTRAND CASSEL, who for a time died. He was no sooner invested with was a resident of the United States, and the robes, than he began a quarrel with during that period was sentenced to death the king, in which he was worsted. He by the French government, died at Tou- was a haughty prelate, and the first who louse. insisted on the celibacy of his clergy in 1845. WILLIAM READ, a member of Gen. England. He was canonized under Henry Washington's staff, died at Charleston, S. VII. C., aged 91. 1143. PETER ABELARD, a learned French1847. Battle of Cherubusco. man, died. His love and misfortunes 1854. An offensive and defensive alli- have saved his memory from oblivion; and ance was signed between Austria and the man whom his own century have adPrussia. mired as a profound divine, is now cele1854. The bill of Miss Dix, the philan- brated as the martyr of love. The letters thropist, granting ten millions of acres of of Abelard and Heloise are frequently rethe public lands to be distributed among published, and there is a voluminous life the states, to ameliorate the condition of of the lovers by Berington. the indigent insane, was vetoed by the 1284. ALFONZO X (the wise), king of Caspresident. tile and Leon, died. He was a man of 1856. ROBERT L. STEVENS died at Ho- great learning, and was the first king who boken, N. J., aged 68. He devoted much had the public documents written in Spantime to the improvement of steam' ma- ish, which he did with a view to polish chinery and steam boat models; was one and enrich the language. His son usurped of the projectors of the Camden and Am- the throne, and it was with the greatest boy rail road, and at the time of his death difficulty that he got it back again, by callwas engaged by government in building ing in the troops of the Moors; and the exan immense steam battery for harbor de- communication of the pope. fence. 1480. WILLIAM CAXTON, the first English printer, finished the translation of Ovid's APRIL 21. Metamorphoses, as we learn from his own memorandum, as follows: " Ouyde his 753 B. c. Anniversary of the foundation booke of Metamorphose Translated and fynnof Rome, in the 3d year of the 6th olym- ysshed by me William Caxton at Westmestre piad, 431 years after the destruction of the xxii day of.pryll, the yere of our lord m. Troy, and 116 years from the building of iiijc.iiijxx. sAnd the xx yere of the Regne Carthage. Romulus was in his 17th year Kynge Edward thefourthe." This work is when he received the regal title, and his not known to have been printed, but there subjects consisted of a legion of 3,000 foot are several fragments of the work preservand 300 horse. ed in manuscript. 753 B. c. REMUS, the brother of Romulus, 1519. The armament under Cortez arslain by the workmen who were building rived on the coast of Chalchiucuechan, a Rome, for ridiculing the weakness of the part of the Mexican empire. walls. Thus marked with blood at the 1526. Battle of Paniput, in Hindostan, outset, the city became the sanctuary of between Ibrahim Lodi, sultan of Delhi, and refugees and criminals, and to increase the Tartar prince Raber. Ibrahim was dethe population, neighboring females were feated and killed, which decided the condragged within its boundaries. quest of Hindostan by the Tartars. 160 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 21. 1545. The mines of Potosi opened. They army and'defeated it. The Austrians lost were discovered by an Indian peasant, 30 pieces of cannon, 9,000 prisoners, bagwhile hunting. A shrub which he had gage, &c., and retreated to concentrate laid hold of to support himself, was torn their forces at Eckmuhl. up by the roots, and disclosed to the hunt- 1818. New York state library established. er a rich mass of silver. The population 1836. Battle of San Jacinto, in Texas, of the city increased so rapidly that in between the Mexicans, 1,500, under Santa 1611, a little more than half a century Anna, and the Texians, 783, under Gen. afterwards, there were 160,000 inhabitants, Houston. The Mexicans were defeated, but in 1826 they had decreased to 12,000. with the loss of 630 killed, 208 wounded, There are at present less than 100 mines and 730 prisoners, amnong whom were worked, and these conducted with great Santa Anna and Gen. Cos; also 600 musignorance and disadvantage. kets, 390 sabres, 260 pistols, several hun1671. ANTHONY GODEAU, a French divine, dred horses, and $12,000 in specie, fell died. He was one of the first and brighest into the hands of the victors, who lost 2 ornaments of the academy of belles-lettres, killed, 23 wounded. an active and attentive prelate, and exem- 1843. AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, duke of plary in every part of his conduct. He Sussex, died in London. He was an unwrote a valuable Ecclesiastical History, 3 tiring patron of the deserving aspirants in vols. folio. any art. 1679. The council of 30 constituted by 1844. HENRY BALDWIN, one of the judges Charles II. They consisted of 15 whigs of the United States supreme court, died and 15 tories-chosen by their property to at Philadelphia. balance the commons, the former valued 1853. LEWIs C. BECK, noted for his atat ~300,000, that of the latter at ~400,000. tainments in natural science, died at Al1696. Brigadier AMBROSE ROCKwOOD with bany, aged 53. He published works on two others, convicted at Tyburn for high botany and chemistry, and one on the treason and executed on the 29th. They mineralogy of New York. were the first prisoners having the benefit 1855. A riot broke out at Chicago, ocof council, &c. casioned by the license question; the mil1718. PHILIP DE LA HIRE, a French ma- itary were called out. thematician, died, aged 78. He is characterized as a great and good man whose days were employed in study, and his nights frequently in astronomical observations. APRIL 22. His scientific pursuits were various, and his *orks numerous and valuable. 1369. Corner stone of the bastile, (a 1757. Battle of Reichenberg, in Bohe- name used to denote a fortress or prison,) mia; the Prussians under Schwerin de- laid at Paris, by Hugues d'Aubriot, provost feated the Austrians under Count Konig- des marchands, and the founder of the seg. Austrian loss 1,000 killed, 400 pris- Huguenots. It was not completed till oners; Prussian loss, 100 killed and 1383. It was demolished 1789. wounded. 1509. HENRY VII of England died. The 1765. DAVID MALLET, a Scotch poet, victory of Bosworth field and the death of died. His name is familiar as an author, Richard III left him in peaceable possession although his place is not very high on the of the throne. He was an able and wise roll of fame; there is no species of compo- king, but insatiably covetous. sition in which he was eminent. 1519. Cortez arrived at San Juan Ulloa, 1770. Marriage of Louis XVI and Maria in Mexico, where he received ambassadors Antoinette, archduchess of Austria; when from Montezuma, with rich presents, of4,000 persons perished in the crowd that fering his services to the Spaniards, but assembled to witness the procession.. declining to receive their visits at his court; 17 73. ALI BEY, governor of Egypt, died. and finally, after mutual messages and preHe was the son of a Greek sold by a band sents, refused to consent that foreign troops of robbers to the Janisaries, who raised should appear nearer his capital, or remain him to power; and was finally enabled to longer in his dominions. " Truly this is a throw off his obedience to the Porte. He great monarch, and rich," said Cortez to was humane and generous,,and possessed his attendants; "with the permission of an elevated mind. God we must see him." 1794. Guadaloupe and its dependencies, 1522. Battle of Villalar; count de Haro Marigalante and Deseada, surrendered to defeated Padillo, chief of the holy junta. the British. Padillo was taken and executed next day, 1809. Battle of Landshut, in Bavaria, with John Bravo and Francis Maldonado, when Napoleon following up his victory two of his chiefs. of the previous day, attacked the Austrian 1555. Sienna, in Tuscany, reduced by April 22.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 161 famine, surrendered to the Florentines, and author, beheaded. After serving his after a siege of 10 months. country 25 years he retired; but was re1608. HUDSON sailed from England on called by Louis XVI to be minister of the his second voyage of discovery; but re- interior. When the unfortunate king was turned after spending about four months dragged before the revolutionary tribunal, in the search of a northwest passage to Malesherbes boldly appeared to defend England. him. He was himself condemned by the 1638. WOUTER VAN TWILLER, having same tribunal, and ascended the scaffold been superseded in the government of New with his daughter and a grandchild. Netherland, leased the farm or bouwery 1796. Demerara and its dependencies in No. 1, belonging to the West India com- Guiana, surrendered to the British. pany, for three years, at an annual rent of 1801. MURAD BEY, the celebrated Mame250 guilders ($100). luke chief, died of the plague, while des1697. Birthday of BELINDA CRAUFORD, cending the Nile to join the English. He who died in the beginning of June, 1812, was succeeded by Tambourji, so named aged 115, at Richmond, Galway county, from having been a drummer. Ireland. It is said that at the time of her 1809. Battle of Eckmuhl, in which Bodeath she could read and sew without naparte, having routed one division of the spectacles, and what was more remarkable, Austrian army two days in succesion, exlooked as youthful as a girl of eighteen ecuted a variety of movements, considered years, had a blooming complexion, her as among the most admirable displays of eyes animated and lively, and walked oc- his science, by which he brought the whole casionally a distance of two miles to of his force upon the army of the archchurch. duke Charles, which he had concentrated 1699. HANS ASSMAN voN ABSCHATZ, a at Eckmuhl. The battle is said to have German statesman and poet, died. been one of the most splendid which the 1699. JEAN RACINE, a French tragic poet, art of war could display. The Austrian died. His pieces were received with great army, of upwards of 100,000 men, were applause, and he came to be generally pre- dispossessed of all their positions, by the ferred to his contemporary CorneiUe, who combined attack of the French, whose dihad been previously looked upon as in- visions appeared on the field, each in its imitable. due place and order, as regularly as the 1702. FRANcIS CHARPENTIER, a French- movements of the various pieces in the man of learning and abilities, died. He game of chess. The battle commenced at greatly contributed to the noble series of two in the afternoon and continued till medals struck in the reign of Louis XIV. nightfall. It resulted in the complete over1715. Total eclipse of the sun in Eng- throw of the Austrians; all their woundland. It occurred at 9 in the morning, ed, a great part of their artillery, fifteen when the stars appeared, and the birds stands of colors, and 20,000 prisoners, resunk within their nests. mained in the power of the French to 1730. A public library founded in New which their loss in the field may be added. York. Their retreat was also attended with cor1741. MATTHEW ELIAS, a painter, died; responding loss. who, under the patronage of Corbeen, rose 1826. Missolonghi taken by the Turks. to great eminence in his profession. It had been besieged several months, and 1751. One, OSBORNE, and his wife ac- was reduced to a heap of ruins by concused by a publican at Tring, in Hertford- tinued bombardments. The heroic garshire, England, of witchcraft, were brutal- rison forced a passage through the bely murdered by the populace. siegers, leaving the sick, aged and wound1758. ANTHONY DE JUSSIEU, an eminent ed in a mill containing a quantity of powFrench botanist, died. He traveled over der. An old wounded soldier took his several countries of Europe in the pursuit seat on the mine, and fired it as soon as of his favorite science, which he greatly the Turks entered. improved. 1829. Lepanto surrendered by capitula1764. EDWARD COBELEN, an eminent tion to the Greeks. English divine and theological writer, 1839. THOMAS HAYNES BAYLY, an Engdied. Although he enjoyed several cleri- lish lyric poet, died. He is the author of cal offices, he restricted himself to a small about 30 plays, and many beautiful and income, on which he lived with simplicity popular songs. and contentment. 1846. The Chilian ship Maria Helena 1792. ISAAC RENE GUY DE CHAPELLIER, a arrived at Edgartown, Mass., from Valnative of Rennes, in France, and a zealous paraiso Dec. 7th; said to have been the advocate of liberty, died. first Chilian ship that ever visited the 1794. CHRISTIAN WILLIAM DE LAMOIGNON United States. MALESHERBES, an able French advocate 1850. The last publication of the bans 21 162 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 22. of marriage in Massachusetts. It was the fashionable literature of the day, is still case of a black man who declared his in- read and admired in almost every lantention to marry a white woman. guage. 1853. An insurrection attempted at Frei- 1625. MAURICE of Nassau, prince of burg, in Switzerland, by the Jesuit party; Orange, died. He succeeded his father in but was soon suppressed, with some loss the government of the Low Countries, of life. added to his dominions by conquest, and 1854. Odessa was bombarded by the al- was considered the ablest general of his lied fleets, and in ten hours a large part of time. the city was laid in ruins. 1662. Charter of Connecticut granted, with ample privileges, by Charles II. John Winthrop was appointed governor until a APRIL 23. new election should be made. The colony of New Haven was included in the char997. ADALBERT, the apostle of Prussia, ter, but did not consent to be united with murdered. He was archbishop of Prague, the other colonies under one government. preached the gospel among the Bohemians, The fact was, they considered their civil and afterwards among the Poles, where he and religious code rather superior to any was killed. thing else of the kind in the world, and 1016. ETHELRED II, king of England, were exceedingly jealous of contaminadied. To deliver himself from the heavy tion. tribute which he paid the Danes, called 1676. Engagement off Aosta, in Sicily, Danegelt, he caused them to be put to between the French fleet under admiral du death; whereupon England was invaded Quesne, and the Dutch fleet under De Ruyby Sweyn, and Ethelred obliged to fly to ter, who was mortally wounded. Normandy, where he remained till Sweyn's 1709. The first number of the Tatler death. was published by Steele, Addison and 1349. The order of the Garter instituted Swift. by Edward III. 1729. JEAN BARBEYRAC, an eminent 1408. The heroic earl of Warwick, French jurist, died. He has distinguished RICHARD BEAUCHAMP, on his way to the himself by many learned works, which Holy Land, is challenged at Verona by show a high degree of erudition and a Pandulph Malet, whose shoulder the Eng- liberal spirit. lish knight cleaved with his battleaxe. 1740. THOMAS TICKELL, an English poet, 1500. Brazil discovered by PEDRO AL- died. He was the friend of Addison whose VAREZ CABRAL, a Portuguese adventurer; works he published, and translated the who immediately sent home a ship with Iliad in opposition to Pope. the intelligence, and the king took posses- 1750. ANDREW BAXTriR, a Scottish metasion of it. But as the pope had given all physician, died. His writings are highly the western infidels to the Spaniards, it is lauded by Warburton. By one of them probable a great deal of trouble would we learn that dreams are caused by the have arisen out of the case, had not the agency of separate immaterial beings. two monarchs been kinsmen and friends. 1774. Battle between the forces of Ro1547. Battle of Mulhausen, in which hilcund in Afghanistan, and the subahdar the emperor Charles V defeated the Saxons, of Oude backed by a British force. The who lost 1200 killed, and the elector was Rohilcas showed great bravery and resoluwounded and taken prisoner. tion, and exhibited a considerable share of 1557. PETER DANES, professor of Greek military knowledge; but after a cannonade at Paris, died. He was a prelate of great of two hours and twenty minutes, they eloquence and extensive learning. retreated with the loss of 2000 killed, in1616. WILLIAM SHAKSPEARE, the English eluding many of their chiefs; the country dramatist, died, aged 52. His history is became tributary, and the people robbers shrouded in obscurity; but the success of and plunderers. his dramas, with the sobriety and modera- 1775. A captain Sears and Mr. Lamb astion of his views, enabled him to retire sembled the citizens of New York, shut up early with a competence. The writings of the custom-house, and prevented the sailthis great poet of nature are found in the ing of vessels to Boston, Quebec and libraries of the greatest foes of the drama. Georgia. They sent an express to PhilaThis is also the anniversary of his birth- delphia, where the same measures were day, 1564. adopted. 1616. MICHAEL DE CERVANTES SAAVE- 1781. Fort Watson, in South Carolina, DRA, the Spanish novelist, died, aged 67. taken from the British, by the provincials His life was attended with poverty and under colonel Lee. The fort was built on misfortune. The immortal Don Quixote, an Indian mound 30 feet high; but the -which wrought so great a change in the besiegers speedily erected a work which April 23.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 163 overlooked the fort, and fired into it with tensively patronized that he acquired a such effect that the garrison surrendered. large fortune. 1794: JAMES DUVAL D'EPREMENIE, a 1833. The foundation laid of the first French advocate, executed. He was re- protestant episcopal church ever built in markable for the violence of his proceed- France. ings during the revolution, and was sent 1838. The English steam packets Great to the scaffold with his old opponent Cha- Western and Sirius arrived at New York, pellier. forming a new era in navigation, and com1795. WARREN HASTINGS acquitted after mencing a new and expeditious mode of a trial of 7 years. His crime as charged intercourse between England and the Unitby the house of commons to the peers was ed States. The Great Western, measuring maladministration in India. 1,340 tons, made the passage in 141 days, 1808. MURAT, at the head of 40,000 against head winds and a rough sea. French soldiers, taking advantage of a fac- 1839. H. V. DUCOUDRAY HOLSTEIN died tion among the people, entered Madrid at Albany; formerly a distinguished officer and took possession of it. under Bonaparte. After the fall of the 1809. Battle ofRatisbon. The Austrians, emperor he came to this country, and having sustained defeat and losses four gained a subsistence byteachingtheFrench days successively, made some attempt to and German languages. fortify this city, in order to protect the re- 1847. N. P. AMEs, the celebrated manutreat of the army. The French, who had facturer of fire arms, swords, &c., died at advanced to the storm, were cut down by Cabotville, Mass. the musquetry of the besieged. There 1848. The United States exploring expewas at length difficulty in finding volun- dition reached the Dead sea, which was teers to renew the attack, when the im- circumnavigated for the first time in a boat. petuous Lannes, by whom they were com- It was sounded to the depth of 600 fathmanded, seized a ladder and rushed for- oms, and the bottom found to be crusted ward to fix it himself against the wall. " I with crystalized salt. will show," exclaimed he, "that your 1850. WM. WORDSWORTH, an eminent general is still a grenadier." The French English poet, died, aged 80. rallied and carried the ramparts-the con- 1852. SOLOMON VAN RENSSELAER, an oftest was renewed in the street, and the city ficer in the war of 1812, died at Albany, fired. The Austrians were driven out of aged 78. He commenced his military Ratisbon, leaving cannon, baggage and career at the age of 18, and was with prisoners in the hands of the French. Thus Wayne in the battle of Miami, where he in five days, in spite of tile inferiority of was dangerously wounded. He received numbers and the imperfect manner in six balls at the battle of Queenstown, one which his troops were combined, Bona- of which he carried to the time of his parte, by the sole energy of his genius, death. He also held several civil offices triumphed over the main forces of his op- with distinction. ponent, and opened the road to his capital. 1852. ARTHUR CONDORCET O'CONNOR died At no period of his momentous career, in France, aged 87. He was a native of says Scott, did the genius of Napoleon ap- Ireland, and one of the most conspicuous pear more completely to prostrate all op- leaders of the rebellion in 1798, which position; at no time did the talents of a made him an exile in France. He married single individual exercise such an influence a daughter of Condorcet, and adopted the on the fate of the universe. name of the philosopher within his own. 1810. Fort Matagorda, having been re- 1854. Fifteen firemen lost their lives by duced to a heap of ruins, was evacuated the sudden fall of a large store in Broadby the British, in consequence of which way, New York, while in the discharge of the French were enabled to bombard Ca- their duty. diz; 500 officers and 900 men fell into the 1854. Great tornado at Burmah, which hands of the French. swept over several hundred miles of coun1810. DINAH, a black woman, died in try, causing great loss of life on the IrraBucks county, Pennsylvania, aged 116. waddy. 1823. AARON ARROWSMITH, hydrographer 1856. A grand review of the fleet took to the king of Great Britain, died. He place off Plymouth, England; it consisted was distinguished as a constructor of maps of 240 ships of war, all but 2 being and charts, and published a new General steamers. J.tlas to accompany the Edinburgh Gazet- 1856. JOSEPH ROBERTS died, aged 81. teer. He was cashier for the trustees of the first 1823. JOSEPH NOLLE.KINS, an eminent bank of the United States, the affairs of sculptor, died. He gained great reputation which institution he conducted to its final as an artist during his residence in Italy, winding up. and on his return to England was so ex 164 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 24. APRIL 24. bell, the postmaster. It was printed on a half sheet of writing paper. It was con1184 B. c. The conquest and destruction tinued until the British evacuated Boston, of the city of Troy by the Greeks, took in 1776. place on the 24th of Thargelion. 1731. DANIEL DEFOE, a popular English 339 B.C. TIMOLEON defeated the Carthage- author, died, He is best known as the nians at the river Crimesus, near the author of Robinson Crusoe, which was mount Giuliano, in Sicily. supposed at first to be a true narrative, and 1016. ETHELRED II buried in St. Paul's, afterwards as erroneously to have been London. founded upon the papers of Alexander 1254. Louis IX of France, embarked Selkirk. It still enjoys an old age of honor from Acre, in Palestine, on his return from and renown, which it is impossible for any the crusade, with his queen, children and eulogium to exalt. Like its hero, it has troops, in 14 vessels, and arrived in Vin- traveled into the most distant regions, and cennes in September, after an absence of worn the costume of literature and the six years, and a most disastrous campaign. garland of fame in almost every civilized 1345. RICHARD AUNGERVYLE, bishop of country of the globe. Durham, died. He was the tutor of 1735. " Here lyes inter'd ye remains of Edward III, a learned man, and the author deacon CHRISTOPHER HUNTINGTON of Norof a work on the right use of books. wich, November 1st, 1660, and ye first 1474. In Edward prince of Wales's born of males in ye town. He served near procession there was a station with three 40 years in ye office of a deacon, and died patriarchs standing with Jacob's 12 sons, April ye 24th, 1735, to ye 75th yr. of his and many other personifications of scrip- age. Memento mori." ture characters, —such was the amusement 1763. CHARLES STEPHEN PESSELIER, a of the times. French dramatist and financier, died. He 1500. Brazil discovered by Pedro Alva- was early assiduously devoted to literature rez de Cabral, who left two convicts. and the muses; but when entrusted with 1556. OSEP NAPEA, the first ambassador the finances of the kingdom, his applicafrom Russia to England, made his appear- tion ruined his constitution, and he fell a ance at the court of Elizabeth, and deliv- victim to excessive mental fatigue. ered his master's presents. 1773. PHILIP DORMER, earl of Chester1557. GEORGE RORAR (Rorarius), a field, died. He was a polished courtier, learned corrector of the press at Wittem- and a writer on, rather than a practicer of, burg, died, aged 65. He had been the good manners. amanuensis of Luther, and assisted in 1775. JOSIAH QUINCY, Jr., an eminent editing some of the works of the great American patriot, died. He was employed reformer. by the British officers, together with John 1599. Birthday of OLIVER CROMWELL. Adams, to defend their cause in the case 1603. JAMES BEATON, bishop of Glasgow, of the Boston massacre, and although died. He was raised to the see before the warmly opposed to the measures of the age of 25; when the reformation broke British ministry, he conducted the defence forth, he fled to France, with the records with great propriety. He fell a victim to and sacred vessels of his cathedral, which intense application, at the age of 31, and were deposited with the Scotch college of died at sea on his return from England. Paris. He left a history of Scotland in 1778. Action in the roads opposite tihe manuscript. town of Carrickfergus, in Ireland, in which 1617. D'ANCRE CONCINI, marechal of the British sloop of war Drake was capFrance, assassinated. He was a Florentine tured by the United States ship Ranger, by birth, and acquired his offices by under Paul Jones. intrigue. The day following his burial, 1780. CLAUDE JOSEPH DORAT, a French the body was taken from the grave, muti- poet, died. He entered the military serlated and dragged through the streets of vice as a musketeer, but abandoned it to Paris. pursue his favorite study. His works 1645. CROMWELL defeated the king's comprise 20 vols. forces at Islip bridge, near Oxford, taking 1780. JOHN NOURSE, a distinguished the king's standard and 200 prisoners. bookseller and mathematician, died. 1667. MATTHEW WREN, bishop of Here- 1799. WILLIAM SEWARD, an English ford, died. During the civil wars his antiquary, died. He was the son of a property was confiscated and himself brewer, and being possessed of a compeconfined in the Tower 18 years without tency devoted himself to literature. He being brought to trial. published 7 volumes of anecdotes and 1704. The Boston News Letter, the first notices of distinguished characters, compaper printed in America, made its appear- piled from scarce and curious books. ance at Boston, published by John Camp- 1799. PETER AUGUSTIN CARON DE BEAU April 24.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 165 MARCHAIS, a French dramatist, died. He He was the first Scotchman raised to thn was a watchmaker, and made some im- English peerage, and was employed by provement in the escapement of a watch. James I in various embassies. His dramas are numerous, and some of 1660. HENRY HAMMOND, an English them still popular. divine, died. He published a commentary 1814. The British army took the city of on the New Testament; and begun a Washington by surprise, and burnt the paraphrase and commentary on the Old public buildings. The library of congress Testament, which he did not live to finish. consisting of 3000 volumes of rare books 1671. The city of Oxford, England, was destroyed. nearly destroyed by a great fire. 1824. RICHARD PAYNE, died at London; 1728. JOHN WOODWARD, an English an eminent Greek scholar and antiquary. natural philosopher, died. He was bound 1841. GEORGE BAXTER, one of the most apprentice to a linen draper, but was eminent of Presbyterian ministers, died at attracted from the business by the charms his residence in Virginia, aged 77. of science. 1856. The sheriff of Kansas, who had 1732. The corpse of bishon Atterbury been engaged in arresting some Free State who died in France arrived in the Thames. men, as they were termed, was shot while Four pieces of French silk brocaded with sitting in his tent. silver were found with the body, which the custom house officers seized I 1734. JOHN CONRAD DIPPEL, a German APRIL 25. chemist and physician, died. He was an eccentric character, who pretended to 68. Saint MARK, the evangelist, died at have discovered the philosophers' stone, Alexandria. and yet was confined for debt. In pursu1199. JOHN, the 6th son of Henry II of ing his alchemical researches, he discovEngland, seized the treasures of his late ered Prussian blue, and the animal oil father, preparatory to taking possession of which bears his name. his throne and dukedom. 1735. SAMUEL WESLEY, an English poet, 1284. EDWARD II born at Caernarvon, died. His writings made up in quantity and styled the prince of Wales, the first what they lacked in quality. He wrote who received that appellation. the Life of Christ, a heroic poem, in folio, 1342. BENEDICT XII (James de Nouveau, and a history of the Bible in verse, 3 vols. the baker), -died. When elected, unani- 1764. JUDAH MONIS, an Italian Jew, died mously, by the cardinals, pope of Rome, at Northborough, Mass., aged 82. He was he had so little confidence in himself that converted and baptized, and was the first he told them they had chosen an ass. His Hebrew instructor at Harvard college. conduct, however, was firm and dignified, 1770. JOHN ANTHONY NOLLET, a learned and gained him universal respect. Frenchman, died. His writings are valu1513. EDWARD HOWARD, an English able, and his experiments contributed admiral, celebrated for his bravery, killed much to the advancement of science. in an action with a French ship. 1775. The Baltimoreans received the 1520. FERDINAND MAGELLAN, the Portu- news of the battle of Lexington, and guese navigator killed in one of the immediately seized upon the provincial Phillipine islands, fighting for the king of magazines, containing 1500 stand of arms, the country, who had become his ally. Of &c. all his fleet, only one ship and 18 men 1781. Battle of Camden, between the returned to Spain, from whence the expe- provincials, about 1200, and the British dition sailed. under lord Rawdon. In the beginning of 1536. Conflagration of mount IEtna, the action the Americans had essentially which overwhelmed the church of St. the advantage; but the premature retreat Leon, and the physician Piazzi. of two companies occasioned a total defeat. 1576. Treaty between Holland and Zea- Greene retreated in such order as to bring land,being the two first provinces that unit- off all his wounded and cannon, and took ed for their liberty. William of Nassau, 50 prisoners. prince of Orange, drew up the treaty, and 1781. British under Arnold and Philips may be considered as the founder of the took Petersburg, Va., after a smart action United Provinces. with baron Steuben. They burnt 400 1595. TORQUATO TASSO, an illustrious hogsheads of tobacco, a ship, and several Italian poet, died. He was excellent in small craft. every kind of composition, but the Jerus- 1782. ADRIAN BALBI, the Venitian geosalem Delivered procured him the offer of grapher, was born at Venice. The work the laurel crown. He expired on the day by which he is best known is his./b'6rg6 de appointed for the coronation. Giographie. 1636. JAMES HAY, earl of Carlisle, died. 1792. The convention having deter 166 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 25. mined on adopting the proposition of M. 1849. The French republican armament Guillotin, to substitute decapitation for against republican Rome reached Civita hanging, the first criminal was executed V ecchia. by this mode on this day. M. Guillotin 1854. The slaves of Venezuela became was actuated by benevolent motives in freemen by virtue of an act previously proposing the machine, which was called passed for their emancipation. from him guillotine, and from which him- 1855. Lieut. Col. ST. VRAIN, with a self narrowly escaped. detachment of United States troops, came 1800. WILLIAM CowPER, an excellent up with and captured a camp of Apacha English poet, died. He commenced pub- Indians, on the Purgatory, near the Raton lishing at the age of 50, and three years mountains. after produced the Task, which excited universal admiration. He was subject to religious delirium, and died in a state of absolute despair. APRIL 26. 1805. ThoMAs POWNALL, an English antiquary, died. He was successively 871. ETHELRED I defeated the Danes, governor of New Jersey, Massachusetts and but died of his wounds. In his reign a South Carolina under the crown. His great plague occured. works are numerous, and display a great 1478. LoRENZO DE MEDICI, duke of Flordeal of information. ence, rescued by the populace from the 1810. Sweden excluded British goods, hands of assassins. His brother Julian conformably to the continental system was less fortunate; he fell beneath their established by Bonaparte. daggers. The duke was conducted back 1812. Baltimore privateer schooner Sur- to his palace by the multitude with every prise, Capt. Cothell, of 10 guns, captured demonstration of regard, while the archthe British brig Kutousoff, of 12 guns,laden bishop, who became the tool of the pope with coffee,&c.,and brought her safe to port. for executing this foul and impious con1820. PATRICK COLQUOvUN, a distin- spiracy, was suspended in his pontifical guished Scottish magistrate, died. He was robes from the window of his own sanca writer on police and political economy, tuary. and his works possess great merit. 1566. DIANA DE POITIERS, duchess of 1832 & 1833. Spring navigation of the Valentinois, died, She captivated the Erie canal opened. heart of the king of France, Henry II, and 1835. JONATHAN P. CUSHING, president for many years remained sole mistress, of Hampden Sidney college, died, aged 40. not only of his affections, but of the kingThe institution, over which he had pre- dom. Her unusual powers of mind, and sided 14 years, was greatly indebted to his firmness and dignity, constituted her the services, and he was highly esteemed for fitest sovereign of the two. his virtues. 1595. MICHAEL NEANDER, a learned Ger1838. The second centennial celebration man protestant, died. He was rector of of the settlement of New Haven. the university of Ilfeldt 40 years, and pub1838. The steamboat Moselle burst her lished several learned works. boiler with a tremendous explosion. She 1607. CHRISTOPHER NEWPORT, with three had just left the wharf at Cincinnati for vessels and 100 emigrants, forming the Louisville, with 225 passengers on board, first permanent English colony, stood into of whom but 124 were saved. Chesapeake bay, " which seemed to in1839. SAMUEL SMITH, an officer of the vite his entrance." revolution, died at Baltimore, aged 87. 1616. JOHN SOMERS, an English statesHis name is connected with some of the man, died. He was a patriot of the nomost important events of that struggle for blest and most extensive views, and justly freedom, and is identified with the history celebrated as a man of learning, eloquent of the city of Baltimore for a great number and refined. of years; that city being indebted to his 1665. The great plague of this and the enterprise for a large share of its commer- subsequent year broke out at St. Giles, cial thrift. London. 1840. M. POISSON, a peer of France, and 1726. JEREMY COLLIER, an English dipresident of the academy of sciences, died vine, died. In 1698 he made an attempt at Paris, aged 58. His life was devoted to to reform the stage, which engaged him analytical discovery and scientific investi- in a controversy, and exposed him to the gation, and he was styled the first geome- satire of the wits of the day; but after a ten trician of Europe. years' struggle he accomplished his object, 1849. The parliament house and library and actually produced an amendment. of the British provinces, at Montreal, 1734. JOHN BAPTIST MORVAN DE BELLEburned by a mob. GARDE, a French Jesuit, died. He was ex April 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 167 pelled from the order at Nantes, for being loss of 2,000 prisoners, their baggage and a Cartesian. artillery. 1777. Danbury, Conn., burnt, and the 1840. BACCHUS, a negro slave, died at military stores destroyed, by a detachment Friedland, in Virginia, aged 110. He had of 2,000 British under Tyron. The place been in the family of his last owner more was guarded by 100 soldiers, who retired than 40 years; was employed as a teamster to await reinforcements. Eighteen houses, during the war of the revolution; and was 800 barrels of flour, 800 barrels of pork in attendance with his team at the glorious and beef, 2,000 bushels of grain, and and final siege of Yorktown. He saw Gen. 1,700 tents were destroyed. The enemy Braddock as he passed on to his defeat, were pursued and annoyed by a few hun- and could give a succint account of that dred of the citizens under Wooster and sanguinary action. The evening previous Arnold; the former was killed. to his death he was walking about the farm, 1783. EYRE COOTE, a celebrated com- in the full possession of all his faculties mander of the East India Company's forces, of mind and body. died. He gained great renown by his 1840. JOHN THORNTON KIRKLAND, presivictories over Hyder Ally; in one of which, dent of Harvard university, died, aged 70. near Porto Novo, with 10,000 men he de- His father was more than 40 years a misfeated Hyder's army of 150,000. sionary among the Oneida Indians, during 1794. The Vendeans under Charette de- which he was born at Little Falls, 1770. feated by the French. His rank was with the most eminent 1794. Battle of Prisches; Austrians de- among the constant and serviceable friends feated by the French. of good principles, good learning and good 1794. Grand attack of the French upon men. Some of his productions will conthe allies, from Trevers to the sea. tinue to be esteemed among the gems of 1805. WILLIAM WOODVILLE died; a dis- our literature. tinguished English physician and medical 1843. HODIJAH BAYLIES died; a soldier writer. of the revolutionary war, and for some 1807. The planet Vesta observed in time an aid to Gen. Washington. Like England by Groombridge, an ingenious others of that noble band, he too was a and active astronomer, who had success- distinguished civilian. fully devoted his leisure and fortune to 1853. RUSSELL JARVIs died in New York, the advancement of astronomy. aged 63; widely known as a politician, and 1815. CARSTEN NEIBUHR, a Danish travel- co-editor with Duff Green, of the United er, died, aged 82. He was employed by States' elegraph, at Washington. the Danish government in 1761, with four 1854. A day of humiliation was observed other learned men, to explore Arabia; was throughout England; divine service was the only one of the company who return- performed in all the places of public wored, after an absence of six years, and was ship, and collections,taken for the benefit liberally rewarded. His publications were, of the wives and children of the soldiers Travels in Arabia and Description of Arabia. engaged in the war of the east. 1816. GEORGE HARDINGE, an eminent 1854. GABRIEL ROSETTI, an Italian poet English lawyer, died. He rose rapidly in and painter, died, aged 71. Setting up his profession, became council for the for a reformer, he was obliged to fly to East India Company, and attorney-general England, where he spent the remainder of to the queen, and had a seat in parliament. his days in teaching Italian..His speeches and writings were numerous. 1854. HENRY T. COCHRANE, a Scottish 1831. Imprisonment for debt abolished jurist, died; known as the biographer of in the state of New York. his friend Lord Jeffrey. 1835. HENRY KATER died at London. 1855. The emperor and empress of the His experiments on the pendulum and French, having visited the queen of EngGeodesic surveys rendered him famous. land, returned to France on this day. 1836. St. Jean d'Arc, in Palestine, surrendered to the Egyptian troops under Ibrahim Pasha. The governor of the fort- APRIL 27. ress was provided with a safe residence in Egypt, and an annual pension of 75,000 1124. ALEXANDER I of Scotland, son of piasters. Malcom Caumore, died. He ascended the 1837. The trial of MEUNIER for an at- throne on the death of his brother Edgar, tempt to assinate the king of the French, 1107, and from the energy and impetuosity terminated in his conviction. His sentence of his character he was called the fierce. was commuted to perpetual banishment. There were several rebellions and insur1838. Battle near Brugos, between Gen. rections against his reign, which he put Espartero and the Carlists under Negri, in down with vigor. A conspiracy was formwhich the latter were defeated, with the ed against his life, and the traitors got ad 168 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 27. mission into his bed chamber at night. He ish officer, executed for the murder of cut his way through them, and after kill- Gustavus, king of Sweden. ing six made his escape. 1794. WILLIAM JONES died, a man who 1192. CONRAD DE MONTFERRAT assassin- rose by the superiority of his genius, from ated at Tyre. a low station to a high judicial office in 1296. Battle of Dunbar, in which Ed- Bengal. By his unwearied industry and ward I, of England, defeated the Scots 2n- skill in the Asiatic languages, he successder the king, John Baliol, who lost 20,000 fully explored the hidden sources of orislain. Baliol was taken prisoner to Eng- ental science and literature, and to whose land, and confined in the tower. translations we are indebted for many 1404. PHILIP (the bold), duke of Burgun- beautiful effusions of the Persian muse. As dy, died. He was a just and brave prince, a linguist he has seldom if ever been surbut so profuse in his expenses, that his passed. He was master of almost every body was seized after death by his credit- language of Europe and Asia. ors, and it was with difficulty that his 1794. JAMES BRUCE, the celebrated duchess could redeem it. Scottish traveler, died. Being consul at 1573. The army of the States General Algiers, he found leisure to study the oriseized Flushing, and hanged the Spanish ental languages, and formed the project of commander.. exploring the interior of Africa. He dis1603. King JAMES I, on his way to take covered the sources of the Nile. possession of the English crown, was mag- 1796. CHARLES TOWNSEND, an English nificently entertained at Winchinbrook by nobleman, was found dead in a post chaise Sir Oliver Cromwell. on his return from Great Yarmouth, for 1610. Patent for Newfoundland granted which borough his brother Frederick had to the earl of Northampton and 44 other been elected to parliament. They both persons, by the name of the treasurer and had exhibited marks of insanity, and in one company of adventurers and planters of of these paroxyms Charles shot himself. the cities of Bristol and London, for the 1799. Battle of Cassano, in Italy; the colony or plantation of Newfoundland, French under Moreau totally defeated by from lat. 46 to 52 deg., together with the the Russians and Austrians under Suwarseas and islands lying within ten leagues of row. the coast. 1803. TOUSSAINT l'OVERTURE, a mulatto 1667. MILTON disposed of the copy right chieftain of St. Domingo, died. He posof the Paradise Lost for ~5! It was with sessed unbounded influence over the blacks much difficulty that he could find any one of that island, and became the head of all to undertake the publication of it. power, civil and military, among them. 1702. JOHN BARTH died; who by his He was treacherously betrayed by the bravery and skill rose to a high rank in French, and thrown into prison where he the French navy. died. 1717. The Dissenters received ~5,000 1804. JONATHAN BOUCHER, an English for damages done their meeting houses archaeologist, died. He was an episcopal during the rebellion on account of the pre- preacher in America, till the revolution tender to the English throne. drove him back to England. He prepared 1742. NIcHoLAS AMHERST, an English a glossary of provincial and archaeological political writer, died. He for a consider- words, intended for a supplement to Johnable time published the Craftsman, a son's Dictionary. paper conducted with unusual spirit and 1806. The squadron under Miranda, insuccess, which guided the public taste and tended to begin a revolution in South awed the administration. America, engaged two Spanish guardacos1762. The Irish levelers suppressed by tas. The Spaniards captured two schooners, Lord Halifax. having-on board 22 officers and 30 men, 1775. The Bostonians delivered up a all of whom were hanged or sent to the large quanity of guns, &c., to the British mines. general Gage. 1813. The American army under Gen. 1782. EDWARD CHAMBERLAYNE, an Eng- Pike took York, the capital of Upper Canlish statesman, died. He was one of the ada. The British blew up the works, by best scholars of his age. which Gen. Pike was killed, as well as 1785. Prince LEOPOLD of Brunswick, son about 50 of the British, and 200 American of the reigning duke, having gone to the soldiers killed or wounded. relief of the inhabitants of an inundated 1830. City of Guatamala nearly destroyvillage on the Oder, near Frankfort, was ed by an earthquake. upset in his boat and drowned. Thus 1834. THOMAS STOTHARD died; celebratdying as he had lived, in the highest ex- ed for his illustrations to the Canterbury ercise of humanity. Tales, Rogers' Italy. Pilgrims' Progress and 1792. JOHN JAMES ANKERSTROOM,a Swed- Robinson Crusoe. April 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 169 1836. JOHN HART, an American physi- 1521. CORTEZ having constructed 13 cian, died. He joined the army at the out- brigantines with sails and oars, and transbreak of the revolution, and continued in ported them on the backs of 8000 Tlascalit until it was disbanded. He was after- ans, they were launched on this day in the wards a member of the Massachusetts se- lake of Mexico, with religious ceremonies nate, and much esteemed as a physician under a discharge of the artillery and small and a patriot. arms, followed by the singing of Te Deum 1836. Battle near Fort Brook, Florida, to the music of military instruments. They between the United States volunteer troops were provided with sails and twelve oars and the Indians. The Indians were de- each, and a falconet, or small brass cannon. feated with the loss of 200 killed. Loss The final success of the enterprise was of the U. S. troops, 2 killed, 24 wounded. greatly indebted to these vessels. 1836. The celebrated Bible presented by 1535. ALBERT PIO, a Spanish ecclesiastic Alcuin to Charlemagne, was sold at auction buried with extraordinary pomp at Paris, in London for ~1,500 ($6,666). See Dec. in the church of the Cordeliers. 1, 801. 1552. The council of Trent was pro1838. Baroness SCHOPENHAUER died at rogued for two years; it did not assemble Jena; awoman of talent and celebrity, and again until 1562. author of various works, which were col- 1636. JULIUS CAESAR, an English stateslected in 24 vols. man under Elizabeth, died. He was a 1838. Great fire at Charlestown, S. C., man of great learning and integrity, chari"which laid waste 145 acres of the most table and benevolent. populous part of the city." 1710. THOMAS BETTERTON,'an English 1849. WILLIAM B. COeOPER, ex-governor, tragedian, died. He was a bookbinder and a highly respected citizen of the state previous to going upon the stage; and of Delaware, died at his residence, Laurel acquired a high degree of reputation as an hill. actor. 1850. The Atlantic, first steamer of the 1721. An order of the English council Collins line, sailed from Liverpool. was issued to suppress Hellfire clubs. 1855. Col. KINNEY arrested in New York 1738. Shakspeare's tragedy of Julius on a bench warrant, for beginning a mili- Cesar performed at Drury Lane theatre, tary entreprise against Nicaragua. for the purpose of raising a fund for the 1856. Ratification of the treaty of peace erection of a monument to his memory at between England, France and Turkey, and Westminster. Russia, which terminated the Crimean 1751. THOMAS GIBSON, an eminent Engwar. lish painter, died. 1856. ROBERT KELLY, a New York mer- 1752. FRANCIS OUDIN, a French Jesuit, chant, died, aged 47. Having acquired a died. He was professor of theology at fortune and a high reputation as a mer- Dijon, and an author. chant, he devoted his attention to science, 1754. WASHINGTON attacked a French acquired eight languages, and filled many encampment at the confluence of the important offices. His superior talents Allegany and Monongahela. The night and untiring industry were under the di- was dark and rainy, and the enemy comrection of philanthropic and Christian im- pletely secure. His troops having pulses. surrounded the camp, fired and rushed upon the French, who immediately surAPRIL 28. rendered. 1760. Battle of Sillery, in Canada, be1060 B. c. The 28th Jiar is kept as a tween the British garrison at Quebec, 3000, fast by the Hebrews for the death of under Gen. Murray, and the French under Samuel, which took place two years before Levi, consisting of 10 battalions of reguthe destruction of Saul. lars, 6000 Canadian militia, and a body of 492 B. c. MENENIUS AGRIPPA, a Roman Indians. The British general finding patrician died; celebrated for appeasing a himself in danger of being outflanked, sedition by a fable of the belly and the retreated to his fortifications, with the loss limbs. of 1000 men. The French loss was still 357. CONSTANTIUS, the third and sur- greater, and they reaped no essential advivingson of Constantine the great, visited vantage from the victory,. Rome for thirty days, when he displayed 1772. The counts STRUENSEE, and the magnificence of a triumph. BRANDT, the favorite of the king of Den1489. HENRY PERCY, earl of Northumber- mark, executed at Copenhagen. Their land, murdered. alleged crime was an intrigue with the 1494. JOAN BOUGHTON, a widow, was queen of Denmark, princess Caroline burned for heresy; said to be the first Matilda, sister of George III, of England. female martyr of England. 1779. SIMON BARNARD, a celebrated aid22 170 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 28. du-camp of Napoleon, and for some time 1813. Privateer Yorktown, Capt. Riker, chief of the engineer corps of the United of New York, captured the British brig States, was born at D61e, in France. Avery, with a valuable cargo, and brought 1786. GUSTAVUs, king of Sweden, read her safe to port. the eulogy of Creutz, the poet and states- 1813. MICHAEL LAVRIONOVITCH GOLENITman, who died a short time previous. CHEFF KUTUSOFF-SMOLENSKI, the famous Creutz signed with FrankIin a treaty of Russian' field-marshal, died. He comamity between the United States and Swe- manded the Russian army destined to opden, 1783. pose the invasion of Bonaparte in 1812. 1788. Maryland, the 7th state in succes- 1814. BONAPARTE embarked for Elba sion, adopted the constitution of the from Frejus. He had landed at this place United States; votes 63 to 12. on his return from Egypt, when about to 1789. Mutiny on board the ship Bounty commence that astonishing career, which on her voyage from Otaheite, whither she will be remembered in the history of Euhad sailed to procure fruit trees to stock rope to the end of time: but which now, the West India islands. The vessel had to all appearance, was about to terminate, on board 1015 plants of the bread fruit and that at the very point from which it tree. Lieut. Bligh and 19 of the crew had started. were compelled to go into an open boat; 1851. EDWARD CODRINGTON, a British "they reached the island of Timor in admiral, died, aged 81. He distinguished June, after a perilous voyage of 1200 himself under Howe and Nelson, but his leagues." name is chiefly renowned by the famous 1789. THOMAS HUTCHINS, geographer- action of Navarino, where he'ad chief general of the United States, died. He command. was a native of New Jersey, and was in 1854. The American barque Hespar, England at the commencement of the bound for Antwerp, came in collision with revolutionary war, where he refused some the Bremen barque Favorite, for Baltimore, excellent offers, and was subsequently having 180 passengers on board, all of imprisoned and lost ~12,000 on suspicion whom perished. of holding correspondence with Franklin 1854. WILLIAM HENRY PAGOT, marquis in Paris. He afterwards returned to of Anglesey, died, aged 86. He distinAmerica, served under Greene in South guished himself in several campaigns, Carolina, and published several historical especially in the Peninsular war, and was and geographical works, with charts and raised to the rank of field marshal. maps. 1855. GIovANNI PIANORI, a hired bravo, 1793. Battle of Duren; the French attempted to shoot Louis Napoleon while defeated by the Austrians under Clairfait, riding in the Champs Elysees. with a loss of 2000, and their military 1856. The receipt of the ratification of chest, 12 cannon, and 13 ammunition the treaty of peace by all the foreign powwagons. ers was announced officially in England, 1796. Action off Lizard point, between and a day of thanksgiving throughout the the British ship Indefatigable, sir Edward United Kingdom was appointed. Pellew, and French frigate La Virginia, 44 1857. FREDERICK EMERSON, an eminent guns; the latter captured. American instructor, died, aged 68. He 1796. CHARETTE, the Vendean chief, was the author of a popular arithmetic executed at Nantes. This afforded General used in the public schools. Hoche an opportunity to subdue the royalists in France. 1797. ROBERT PARKER hanged for bur- APRIL 29. glary at Knoxville, Tennessee. 1799. The French ambassadors were 997. ADALBERT, archbishop of Prague, assassinated at Radstat. The infamy of murdered. His zeal led him among forthis base action is shared'by the French eigners as a missionary; after visiting Boemigrants and Austrians. hemia, he went among the Poles, by whom 1799. Battle of Adda, in Italy; the he was killed. Boleslaus purchased his Russians under Suwarrow defeated the body for its weight in gold. French under Serrurier, who, with his 1075. WALTHEOF, earl of Huntingdon division, was taken prisoner. and Northampton, executed by William 1804. Surinam, or Dutch Guiana, in the conqueror. He had married Judith, South Ameri&a, taken by the British; the William's niece; and being considered by Dutch surrendered 2000 prisoners, 282 the English as the last resource of their cannon, and several vessels. nation, they most grievously lamented his 1813. Spesutie island taken possession death. of by the British, situated near the head 1205. King JOHN, along with wine of of Chesapeake. various kinds to be transmitted to Wind April 29.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 171 sor, ordered to be sent immediately the being the first in that language ever printromance of the History of England. ed in Russia. 1594. THOMAS COOPER, an English pre- 1779. JOHN ASH, an English dissenting late, died; highly commended for his minister, died. His Complete English Dicgreat learning and eloquence. tionary, until the appearance of Mr. Todd's 1643. FERDINANDO, lord Fairfax, the fa- octavo edition of Johnson's, was the best ther of the famous GeneralFairfax, defeat- compendium of words that could be reed at Bramham moor, by the earl of New- ferred to. castle. 1783. BERNARD DE TANUCCI died; pro1649. DOCKIER, a prominent leader of fessor of jurisprudence in the university the Levelers, in the times of the English of Pisa, and prime minister of Naples, an commonwealth, was shot by order of the office which he sustained with dignity, government. ability and integrity, for 50 years, when he 1652. A great eclipse of the sun in resigned. England. The almanacs of the day did 1788. Election of representatives from not let so favorable an opportunity escape New York to consider the federal constitufor exercising their power over the igno- tion held. rant, and accordingly their prognostics 1793. A French privateer with her prize, created such a terror among the inhabitants the Spanish ship San Jago, was captured "and so exceedingly alarmed the whole by the English. Cargo valued at ~1,nation," says Evelyn, "that hardly any 500,000. one would work, nor stir out of their 1805. The constitution of the Batavian houses. So ridiculously were they abused republic changed for the third time; the by ignorant and knavish star-gazers." state was divided into 8 departments, and 1659. JOHN CLEVELAND, an English poet, a legislative body of 19 members, with a died. He was contemporary with Milton, pensionary (Schimmelpenninck), chosenfor and preferred before him by critics of the the term of five years, who administered day, but has now sunk into oblivion. the executive power. 1676. MICHAEL ADRIAN DE RUYTER,the fa- 1810. AUGUSTENBURGH, crown prince of mous Dutch admiral, died. He began his Sweden, and heir to the throne, seized military career at the age of 11, and con- with an apoplexy while reviewing some tinued in the service nearly 60 years. corps of cavalry, fell from his horse and 1685. Luc D'AcHERI, a French ecclesi- expired immediately. astic, died. He displayed great learning 1813. United States frigate Essex, Capt. as an antiquary and an author. Porter, captured, near Albemarle island, 1688. FREDERICK WILLIAM, elector of in the Pacific, British ships Montezuma Brandenburg, died. Posterity awards to and Policy, of 10 guns each, and Georgihim the character of a brave, \generous ana, of 6 guns and 4 swivels. and patriotic prince, who devoted his 1813. British admiral Cockburn burnt attention to the commerce and general, the store-houses at Frenchtown, Chesawelfare of his people. peake bay, in which was a great quantity 1735. The Turks defeated by the Per- of goods belonging to Philadelphia and sians under Thamas Kouli Khan, 60,000 Baltimore merchants. He also burnt two slain. vessels, and plundered the private houses. 1740. CHARLES DREW, executed at St. 1814. Action between the United'States Edmundsburg, in Suffolk, for the murder sloop of war Peacock, 20 guns, 160 men, of his father. and British king's brig of war Epervier, 1740. The English parliamentprorogued. 18 guns, 128 men, off cape Carnaverel. It was at this parliament that the famous The Epervier was captured in 42 minutes, acts against horse racing and deceitful with the loss of 8 killed and 15 wounded; gaming were passed. the Peacock had 2 wounded. The Eper1743. CHARLES IRENAIUS CASTEL DE vier had on board $118,000, exclusive of SAINT-PIERRE, a French ecclesiastic, died; $10,000 which the crew plundered before distinguished as a politician, a man of she was boarded. The Epervier was sent letters, and an author. in 1815 from Algiers, with American pris1746. CURTIs BARNET, a British commo- oners, liberated there, but never arrived. dore, died. 1827. RUFUs KING, an American states1758. Action off fort St. Davids, East man, died. He was many years a senator Indies, between the British under admiral in congress, and twice minister to England. Pococke, and the French fleet under count All parties have borne testimony to the d'Ache. British loss, 29 killed, 89 wound- value of his services, and the eminence of ed; French loss, 600 killed and wounded, his talents. and one of their vessels sunk. 1849. The republicans at Rome repulsed 1762. The book of Cornelius Nepos in the French republicans under the' city Latin was issued from the Russian press, walls. 172 EVERY DAY BOOK. [April 29. 1849. The emperor NICHoLAS of Russia 1513. EDMUND DE LA POLE, earl of Sufdeclared, by ukase, his purpose to assist folk, on account of his near relationship to Austria. (See April 26th.) the house' of York, beheaded. 1851. C. C. PEPYS, earl of Cottenham, 1519. A skirmish at Edinburg, called died in Italy, aged 70. He passed through "Cleanse the Causeway," between the all the honors of the law, and in 1836 be- earls of Arran and Angus. came lord chancellor. 1524. PIERRE DU TERRAIL, chevalier de 1854. Great excitement at Louisville, Bayard, buried: He was a distinguished occasioned by the acquittal of Matthew F. warrior under Francis I, mortally wounded Ward, who murdered Prof. Butler. at the battle of Marignan. 1855. ROBERT HAMILTON BISHOP died, 1542. The new creed, called the King's aged 78. He was a native of Scotland, Book, approved by the houses of convocawas licensed to preach in 1801; on coming tion, and made the standard of English to this country, he assisted in rearing sev- orthodoxy. eral institutions of learning in the western 1544. THOMAS AUDLEY, an English statesstates. man, died; appointed chancellor in the 1855. JOHN WILSON, a celebrated land- place of sir Thomas More. scape and marine painter, died at Folk- 1572. PIus V (Michael Ghisleri), died. stone, aged 81. He was an Italian of the Dominican order. 1855. The United States troops under It was under his auspices that the battle of Col. Fauntleroy, attacked a camp of Utah Lepanto was fought, in which the Turks Indians near the Arkansas river, twenty were so signally defeated. miles north of the Puncha pass, killed 40, 1598. The edict of Nantes signed and captured 6, and took a large amount of sealed by Henry IV of France, re-establishIndian property and plunder. ing the protestant religion where it had been interrupted, and restoring its churches, houses and revenues. APRIL 30. 1614. Captain JOHN SMITH arrived on the coast of New England, it being his first 65. MARCUS ANNjEUS LUCANUS, the Latin voyage to North Virginia, as the country poet, died. He was the friend and favor- was then called. He explored the coast in ite of Nero, but afterwards joined a con- open boats, from Penobscot to Cape Cod, spiracy with Piso against the tyrant, and and trafficked with the Indians. It was was compelled to destroy himselfi which on his return from this voyage that he he did by suffocation in a bath. presented a map of the country to prince 313. Battle of Heraclea, in which the Charles, who declared that it should be emperor Galerius Maximus was defeated called New England. by Lucinus. 1632. Battle of Ingolstadt, in Bavaria; 534. AMALASONTHA, queen of the Ostro- the imperial troops of Germany, under goths, murdered by her husband Theoda- count de Tilly, defeated by the Swedes tus. She was universally regretted; as for under Gustavus Adolphus, and the general learning and humanity she had few equals. mortally wounded in defending the pass 711. TARIK, a freed man of the Arabian of the Lech. viceroy of Africa, landed at the foot of the 1632. JOHN TZERCLAES; count de Tilly, rock Calpe called afterwards by his name died; a Dutch officer, who distinguished Gebal-Tarik (Gibraltar), and two days after himself in the wars with the Turks, and by a great battle fought on the banks of with Denmark. the Guadalete put an end to the Gothic 1637. The puritans forbid by royal proempire in Spain. clamation to emigrate to New England. 1156. The city of Moscow founded by 1655. EUSTACHE LE SUEUR died; one of Duke George I. Its present population is the best French historical painters of his about 400,000. time. 1262. ALEXANDER NEWSyI, grand duke 1655. CHRISTOPHER BENNET died; a disof Russia, died. He signalized himself by tinguished London physician, and writer a great victory which he obtained on the on medical subjects. banks of the Neva, over the northern 1667. The Dutch fleet attacked Burnt ispowers. land, in Scotland, but were repulsed. 1439. RICHARD DE BEAUCHAMP, the fa- 1690. RENE LE PAYS, a French poet, mous earl of Warwick, died at Rouen, in died; well known at court by his miscelNormandy. He was the most distinguish- lanies. ed warrior in the reign of Henry VI. 1696. ROBERT PLOT died; an eminent 1483. The duke of Gloucester (after- English philosopher and naturalist. wards Richard III), arrested the lords Riv- 1707. GEORGE FARQUHAR, an ingenious ers and Gray at Stony Stratford, on their comic writer, died. He was the son of an passage with the young king to the capital. Irish clergyman, and held a commission in April 30.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 173 the army. His comedies are sprightly and 1802. Lotea, in Spain, destroyed by the diverting. bursting of a reservoir, which inundated 1712. PHILIP LIMBORCH died; a Dutch more than twenty leagues of the surroundprofessor of divinity, and author of a his- ing country, and " upwards of 1,000 pertory of the inquisition. sons perished, exclusive of cattle, 4c.".1724.WILLIAM DAWES, an English noble- 1810. The prince regent of Portugal man and. prelate, died. He was learned, prohibited the exportation of wine. benevolent and pious, and author of sever- 1812. Eruption of thd Souffriere mountal religious works. ain, in St. Vincent, one of the Caribee is1735. DANIEL DUNCAN died; one of the lands. It was preceded by repeated earthmost eminent physicians of his time. He quakes for 11 months. No flames had was known in almost every part of Eu- been emitted since 1718. rope as a practitioner and an author. 1812. SAMUEL ABBOT, a Boston mer1745. Battle of Fontenoy, in Belgium, chant, died. He was one of the founders between the British and Hanoverians, un- of Andover theological seminary, and conder the duke of Cumberland, and the tributed altogether about $125,000 to that French under count de Saxe. The allies institution. * were defeated with great loss. 1812. HENRY LEMOINFS died. He was 1758. German Flats in the colony of a bookseller, but better known as a transNew York attacked by French Indians. lator of the German contributor to the 1762. The celebrated JOHN WILKES com- Gentleman's Magazine, 4.c. mitted to the tower as the author of the 1816. A spot on the sun visible with the North Briton, the 45th number of which naked eye at Philadelphia. It was seen was burnt by the common hangman. for several days. 1769. Battle of Choczine between the 1840. GEORGE BRUMMELL, the celebrated Russians and Turks. Beau Brrummell, died at Caen, in France, 1776. The eccentric EDWARD WORTLEY aged 62. He was the associate of George IV MONTAGUE died. He was the son of Lady when prince of Wales, and was for a long Mary the author of the celebrated letters. time at the head of fashion and manners 1781. ARNOLD, the traitor, made war in England. He passed the latter part of upon 1,200 hogsheads of tobacco at Man- his life in poverty, and towards the close chester, Va., and on his return to Peters- of it, was confined in a madhouse. burg confiagrated a large range of rope 1843. JACOB RIDGWAY, a wealthy mewalks, a magazine of flour, all the vessels chanic, died at Philadelphia. He was in on the stocks, a number of warehouses, early life a shipcarpenter, and subsequent&c., and several fine mills. His progress ly American consul at Antwerp. His prowas like that of the cannibal I perty was estimated at $6,000,000. He 1789. WASHINGTON inaugurated first pre- was noted for liberality to mechanics and sident of the United States. tenants. 1795. JEAN JACQUES BARTHELEMI, "the 1854. The first rail road opened in BraNestor of French literature," died, aged zil, the emperor and empress being present 80. His principal work is Travels of dna- at the inauguration. charsis in Greece. 1854. JAMES MONTGOMERY, the poet 1796. GEORGE ANDERSON, an English and journalist, of Sheffield, died, aged self-taught mathematician, died. His pa- 82. rents were peasants and he wrought as a 1855. HENRY ROWLEY BISHOP, a noted day laborer till he attracted attention. He English music composer, died, aged 68. translated Archimedes' treatise on measur- He was the most distinguished representaing the sands, and wrote a general view of tive of the English school of composition, the variations which have taken place in and was knighted in 1842. the affairs of the East India company. His 1857. W. B. BUCHANAN, an American intense application proved fatal to him at poet, died, aged 63. He was long a corthe age of 36, after which his widow re- respondent of the National Intelligencer, ceived a pension, as a reward due to the and other papers, residing in Virginia. merits of her husband. MA Y. MAY 1. voyage he discovered the island of Spitzbergen. 305. DIOCLETIAN, the Roman emperor, 1619. The famous Calvinistic convocaabdicated the throne inkhe presence of the tion, the synod of Dort, caused their desoldiery and a multitud'e of people, at Ni- crees to be publicly read, and dissolved comedia, in the 21st year of his reign. the council. (May 9? 29?) When afterwards solicited by a friend to 1637. A court was summoned at Hartresume the purple, he calmly replied, that ford, Conn., to take measures to secure the if he could show the cabbages which he colony against the depredations of the had planted at Salonawith his own hands, Pequot Indians. They determined that an he should no longer be urged to relinquish offensive war should be carried on against the enjoyment of happiness for the pursuit them, and voted to raise 90 men I The of power. Pequots then numbered 5000 fighting men. 475. HENGHIST, the Saxon, caused 300 1660. The convention parliament having English noblemen to be murdered. heard Charles's letters read by sir John 1119. HENRY I of England obtained a Granville, voted that the government of great victory over the Normans at Bren- England should be by king, lords, and ville. commons. 1291. All the Italian merchants in the 1683. ROBERT FITZGERALD received a realm of France, called money lenders, patent in England for making salt water seized by order of Philip the fair, for their fresh. ransoms. 1701. JOHN DRYDEN, an illustrious Eng1308. ALBERT I, emperor of Germany, lish poet, died. " What he has done in assassinated by his nephew, John, duke of any one species or distinct kind of writing Swabia. The Swiss were led by his op- would have been sufficient to have acpressions to assert their liberty. quired him a great name." 1515. HENRY VIII and queen attended 1703. Battle of Pultusk, in Poland, in by nobles went a maying and were enter- which the Swedes under Charles XII detained by the noted forester Robin feated 10,000 Poles. Hood. 1707. Union of England and Scotland 1517. A riot among the London appren- consummated. tices, against foreign artisans, which re- 1708. CLAUDE DE VERT died; he devotsuited in the death and mutilation of many ed much attention to the ceremonies of the of the latter, principally Frenchmen. It church of Rome, of which he wrote a hiscommenced at 9 o'clock in the evening, tory. and continued till 3 in the morning. The 1727. FRANCIS PARIS, a French ecclesiasexertions of the city authorities, who had tic, died. He retired from office, bestownotice of the meditated riot, were unable ing his property upon his brother, in order to prevent or quell it. The next morning, to devote himself to the austerities of a reseveral hundred youths, from 13 years ligious life. After his death crowds flockupwards, were arrested, and ten gallows, ed to his grave to touch his holy monuconstructed to move from street to street, ment, till the authorities caused the church prepared for their execution. The ring yard to be shut. leaders were drawn, hanged and quartered; 1737. JOHN ALPHONSUS TURRETINI died; when an order came from the king to sus- professor of ecclesiastical history at Gepend the execution, and the remainder neva, distinguished for his learning. were pardoned. 1755. JOHN BAPTIST OUDRI died; an ad1557. England made her first commer- mired French painter. cial treaty with Russia. 1760. WILLIAM DUNCAN died; an in1607. HENRY HUDSON sailed from Grave- genious Scottish critic, professor of philosend on his first voyage for the discovery sophy at Aberdeen, and translator of COcof a northwest passage to India. In this ear's Commentaries. May 1.] EVERY DAY 01OK. 175 1771. Louis PETIT DE BACHAUMON died; 1830. The Comet started on her first trip a native of Paris, known as the author of up the Arkansas, being the first steam boat several literary works. that ascended that river. 1772. GOTTFRIED ACHENWALL, an emi- 1837. An official return stated that there nent German lecturer on statistics, his. were 70,000 English residents in France, tory and the laws of nature, died at G6t- and over 24,000 in Paris alone. tingen. 1838. Battle of Rio Pardo, in Rio Grande, 1774. WILLIAM HEWSON died; an emi- between the troops of the emperor of Branent English anatomist, and medical aun zil, about 1,800 in number, and the rethor. publican forces; the former were com1775. ISRAEL LYoNS died; a celebrated pletely routed. English mathematician. 1839. HERBERT MARSH, professor of di1776. Dr. ADAM WEISHAUPT,' professor vinity in the university of Cambridge, of canon law at Ingolstadt, founded the England, died. He was the author of many secret society of the illuminati. learned theological works and controversial 1785. MILES COOPER died; a learned publicationrs. English divine and poet. 1848. Insurrectionary movements at 1786. GIBBON concluded the fourth vol- Rome in consequence of the pope's refusal nme of his History, immortal as its sub- to declare war against Austria. ject. 1854. Great flood in the Connecticut 1789. The states general of France met valley; the water was 291 feet above low at Paris, convened by the king to calm the water mark, and 2{ feet higher than durtroubles of the state, which he had not ing the great flood of 1801. Hundred of power to quell, and which had now as- persons were driven from their dwellings sumed a menacing appearance towards and drowned. royalty itself. 1855. The French under Gen. Pelissier 1790. Indian war commenced between carried the Russian works at Sebastopol, the British and Tippo Saib, sultan of My- in front of the central bastion, and held sore. them against vigorous sorties, taking eight 1807. Slave trade in the West Indies small mortars, and 200 prisoners. proscribed in the British parliament. 1855. An extraordinary eruption of 1808. A volcano broke out in the island mount Vesuvius commenced, which in ten of St. George, one of the Azores. A crater days had advanced ten miles from its oriwas formed in the centre of the island, ginal source. amidst fertile pastures, 3,500 feet in height, 1856. OGDEN HOFFMAN, a distinguished and this beautiful island, before rich in member of the New York bar, died, aged cattle, corn and wine, became a scene of 62. He served as a midshipman in the ruin and devastation, last war with Great Britain, alter which he 1809. GOTTLIEB CONRAD PFEFFEL, one of studied law, and took the front rank in the best poets of Germany, died. He be- his profession, and showed an eminent fitcame blind at the age of 21, a misfortune ness for the public offices which he filled. which he bore more than 80 years, and 1856. (GEORGE JAMES GUTHmRI, an emirendered himself a useful citizen by con- nent British surgeon, died in London, ducting a school where many excellent aged 71. He published several valuable scholars were educated. works on surgery. 1813. British and Indians opened their fire upon fort Meigs, from a 24, a 12 and a 6 pounder, and a howitzer. They fired MAY 2. 260 shot, and wounded 8 men, 1 mortally. 1813. JOHN BAPTIST BESSIERS, duke of 373. ATHANASIUS, patriarch of AlexandIstria, killed. He distinguished himself ria, died. His parents were pagans; he under Napoleon, by whom he was greatly became a Christian, and distinguished lamented. He was killed in the combat himself by his learning, and the zeal with that preceded the battle of Lutzen. which he opposed the Arian heresy. 1813. JAMES DELILLE, one of the most 1450. The duke of Suffolk, prime miniscelebrated of modern French. poets, died. ter to Henry VI of England, beheaded in a 1814. PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, a distin- boat at Calais. During his ministry Engguished revolutionary patriot, died at his land lost most of her possessions in France. seat at Croton river, aged 94. He was a Yet his murder was resented by the formember of the first provincial congress, midable rebellion of Jack Cade. and eighteen years lieutenant governor of 1487. LAMBERT SIMNEL, an impostor, the state of New York. crowned at Dublin, by the title of Ed1823. The skeleton, entire, of a mam- ward VI. moth, was discovered at Ilford, in Essex, 1494. COLUMBUS discovered the island of England. Jamaica. 176 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 2. 1519. LEONARDO DA VINCI, a celebrated commencement of-hostilities was appointed Italian painter, died. He distinguished to the chief command of the Connecticut himself in early youth by the variety of troops. studies which he accomplished. He after- 1785. JOHN LEWIS MOREAU DE BEAUwards became the head of the Florentine MONT, a French political author, died. His school of painting. works are much and deservedly admired. 1520. SEBASTIAN BRANDT died; coun- 1795. The number of prisoners confined sellor of Strassburg, a lawyer, and author in the 12 prisons of Paris amounted to of a curious poem. 2338. 1550. JOAN BOCHER, of Kent, England, 1802. BONAPARTE constituted first conburnt for heresy. sul for a second term of ten years. 1568. MARY, queen of Scots, aided by 1808. Embargo laid on American shipthe gallant George Douglass, escaped from ping in France. the castle of Lochleven, where she was 1808. The royal family of Spain sent confined after the murder of Darnley. prisoners to France. At the sight of this 1595. ANTHONY, titular king of Portugal, procedure, there was a general insurrecdied at Paris, a fugitive from the victorious tion of the inhabitants of Madrid, who atarms of the Spaniards. tacked the French soldiers with knives, 1606. FERNAND DE QUIROS discovered and a bloody contest took place, which the New Hebrides islands. was only quelled by scouring the streets 1611. The Half Moon, in which HUDSON with grape shot. The Spaniards finally made his memorable voyage of discovery, desisted on seeing their resistance fruitless. sailed in company with another vessel to It is estimated that 4,000 French and 6,000 the East Indies, under captain Laurens Re- Spaniards lost their lives. del, and was lost. (March 6.) 1808. JOHN COLLINS died; author of The 1635. HORACE VERE, an English general, Evening Brush, an oral entertainment of died. He was created baron Tilbury by story, song and sentiment, which he deCharles I for meritorious services. livered many years with great success, in 1667. GEORGE WITHERS, an English pas- all the principal towns in Great Britain. In toral poet, died. He was so zealous a par- this sort of entertainment he has had tisan of democracy, and of Cromwell, that many followers, among whom the most the authorities frequently placed him in a noted was Charles Matthews. straight jacket. His poems were numerous 1809. Battle of Amaranta, in Portugal, and quaint. in which the Portuguese were defeated by 1679. JAMES SHARP, archbishop of St. the French under Soult. Andrews, assassinated for his zeal in the 1813. Battle of Lutzen, between the cause of the episcopacy in Scotland. French army under Bonaparte, and the 1691. GEORGE MACKENZIE, a Scottish allies, under the kings of Russia and Pruslawyer, died. He figured conspicuously sia. The attack was commenced by the in trials of witchcraft, which puzzled the allies under Blucher upon the French best heads in those days, and it is probable centre, with a fury irresistible. The battle that he dealt with that sin most thorough- was for a long time maintained by both ly, for he received the appellation of " the armies with obstinate energy. It was the bloodthirsty advocate." He was a literary more desperate and deplorable, says sir character, however, of no small note, and Walter Scott, that on the one side fought was among the first Scotchmen who wrote the flower of the Russian youth, which the English language in a style approach- had left their universities to support the ing to purity. cause of national honor and freedom; and 1711. LAWRENCE HYDE, earl of Roches- on the other, the young men of Paris, ter, died; deservedly respected as an able many of them of the best rank, who statesman. bravely endeavored to sustain their coun1753. LEONOR JEAN CHRISTINE SOULAS try's long pre-emihent claim to victory. D'ALLAINvAL died; a native of Chartres, Both combatted,under the eyes of their in France, and author of several comedies respective sovereigns, maintained the honor of merit. of their country, and paid an ample tribute 1774. Permission was given to the society to the carnage of the day. The victory of antiquaries to open the stone coffin of finally resulted to the arms of the French, Edward I, and it was found that the body by the superior generalship of their great was in a perfect state of preservation, and leader, and the determined bravery of his measured 6 feet 2 inches. It had been troops. The allies sustained a loss of 20,placed in wax. 000, and among them several experienced 1777. DAVID WOOSTER, a revolutionary officers. The French loss was severe. officer, died of a wound received in pur- 1817. CATHARINE RUSH died at Philadelsuing the British from Danbury (April 27). phia, aged 110 years, 11 months. He graduated at Yale college, and at the 1821. HESTER LYNCH PIOZZI, an English May 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 177 authoress, died. She is known as Mrs. chair. He is distinguished as a man of Thrale, the friend of Dr. Johnson. great firmness, liberal and munificent. 1825. ADAM SEYBERT, an American sta- 1481. MAHOMET II, sultan of Turkey, tistical writer, died at Paris. He was a died. He took Constantinople from the member of congress from PhiladeIphia, Christians, thereby driving many learned and a man of science. men into the West, which was a great 1836. JEREMIAH HOLME WHIFFEN, an cause of the restoration of learning in EuEnglish poet, died. He belonged to the rope. society of friends, published a variety of 1493. The pope issued a great bull, by miscellaneous poems, a translation of the which the infidel world was divided beSpanish poet Garcilasso de la Vega, and tween Ferdinand and Isabella on the one of Tasso. hand, and the Portuguese on the other. 1840. THOMAS MANNING, a eminent Eng- That is, the Spanish were granted the full lish linguist, died, aged 67. Having made right to all countries inhabited by infidels several ineffectual attempts to penetrate which they should discover west of an imChina, his services were solicited by the aginary line drawn from pole to pole, at British government, to accompany lord a distance of 100 leagues westward of the Amherst in his embassy to that country. Azores, while the Portuguese were to have He made himself one of the first Chinese all east of that line. scholars in Europe, and collected one of 1568. DOMINIQUE DE GOURGES, having the finest Chinese libraries to be found in destroyed the Spanish settlements in Flothat quarter of the world. rida, embarked for France. The Spani1844. WILLIAM BECKFORD, author of the ards had seized the French settlements in Arabian tale entitled Vathek, with many the same places, and murdered the inhabother works, died at Fonthill, England. itants. Gourges fitted out three vessels 1855. GEORGE HEAD; a British commis- and 150 soldiers at his own expense to resariat, died, aged 73. He published sev- venge their death, and repair the honor eral valuable works, relating to different of his nation. The Spaniards were well parts of the world, where his duties called fortified to the number of 400 in their him, and was knighted in 1831. forts; but de Gourges resolutely pressed 1856. JAMES GATES PERCIVAL, an emi- forward, and after a desperate assault nent American poet and philosopher, died carried the forts. Those who escaped in Wisconsin, aged 60. He was a native the massacre were hung upon the same of Connecticut, graduated at Yale college, trees on which the Frenchmen had previand studied medicine, but devoted himself ously been hung. The Spaniards had to the cultivation of poetry, and the pur- placed over their victims a label, signifying, suit of science. He assisted in preparing " I do not this as to Frenchmen, but as to Webster's Dictionary for the press, and Lutherans." De Gourges replaced it with superintended the publication of Malte a tablet of fir wood, on which was graven Brun's Geography. He afterwards made a the following: "I do not this as to SpaAigeological survey of Connecticut, and in ards, nor as to mariners, but as to traitors, 1854 was appointed state geologist of Wis- robbers and murderers." consin, in which service he died. Although 1573. A border feud at Reedsquair, bedistinguished for his attainments in philo- tween the English and Scottish marchlogy and general science, he will be chiefly men, in which the former were completely remembered as one of the eminent Ameri- beaten. This skirmish was the last of any can poets. note between the two nations. 1621. Sentence of fine and imprisonMAY 3. ment passed upon lord Bacon in the house of peers for bribery. 1324. A poetic festival at Toulouse called 1649. ISAAC DORISLAUS assassinated; a jeuxfloraux, to which all the poets of the Dutchman who went from Leyden to EngLangue d' Oc were invited, where the cornm- land and read lectures on history at Camposer of the best poem was to receive a bridge. He was alternately royalist and violet of fine gold. The celebrated trou- republican during the civil wars; and was badour, Arnaud Vidal, won the prize. stabbed to the heart by some enthusiastic 1381. JOHN BALL, a priest and compeer royalist while on an embassy to Holland. of the notorious Wat Tyler, preached to 1655. The English took the island of Tyler's army from the proverbial rhyme: Jamaica from the Spanish. "When Adam dalfe and Eve span, 1664. The earl of Tiviot, governor of Who was then a gentleman? " Tangier, surprised and defeated by the 1410. ALEXANDER V, pope, died. He Moors. was originally a beggar, but found means 1697. KALDAN, khan of the Eleuts, who to cultivate his mind, and rose by degrees had for several years eluded the formidable in the church till he reached the pontifical armies sent against him annually from 23 178 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 3 China, accompanied by the emperor him- assembly when Louis XVI accepted the self, being finally reduced to the last ex- constitution of 1791. tremity, and abandoned by his best sub- 1797. The first commencement of Union jects, put an end to his life by poison. College for conferring degrees in the arts 1702. Lord CORNBURY commenced his and sciences. administration of the government of New 1797. BONAPARTE invaded Venice preYork. tending that the Venetians had illtreated 1711. RICHARD CIIswELL, a noted Eng- the French. This issued in republicanizing lish printer and an extensive publisher, Venice and Genoa. died. 1799. BENJAMIN FLOWER, printer of the 1733. RICHARD Cox, lord chancellor of Cambridge Intelligencer, was fined ~100 and Ireland, died. He published a history of ordered by the house of lords to be imthat kingdom., prisoned 6 months, for some freedom with 1747. Naval battle between the English the speech of bishop Llandaff. fleet under Anson and Warren, and the 1802. PETER ELMSLY, a partner of the French fleet under M. de la Jonquiere, celebrated Paul Valliant, and himself an which was convoying six East India ships importer of books and no mean critic and and a number of transports and merchant- linguist, died. men to Canada. After a regular and well 1810. Lord BYRON, in emulation of Lefought battle, the French struck their col- ander, swam the Dardanelles, from Abydos ors. The loss of the French killed and to Sestos. The distance, including the wounded was 700; that of the British 500. length he was carried by the current, was The trophies of the victory were six men upwards of four miles; though the actual of war and all of their East India ships, breadth is barely one. and between four and five thousand pri- 1813. Havre de Grace, Maryland, burnt soners. The treasure taken on board these by the British. vessels was afterwards conveyed to the 1814. BONAPARTE arrived at the island bank of England in 20 wagons. The of Elba, and Louis XVIII made his enFrench loss by this defeat was estimated trance into Paris. at one million and a half. 1814. THOMAS COKE, a methodist bishop 1759. A young woman in England who in the United States, died. He became'had laid a considerable wager that she one of.the assistants of Mr. Wesley, and could ride 1000 miles in 1000 hours, fin- was active in the service of the church. ished her match in a little more than'two- He wrote a Commentary on the Bible, History thirds of that time. At her coming in the of the West Indies, g4c. country people strewed flowers in her way. 1816. JAMEs McHENRY, confident of 1763. GEORGE PSALMANAZAR, a literary Gen. Washington, and for some time seimpostor, died. He was a native of cretary of war, died at Baltimore. France, and obtained a thorough education. 1818. Capt. Ross sailed from Shetland, After various adventures he arrived at on his first voyage for the discovery of the London under the character of a Japanese north-west passage. converted to Christianity, was patronized 1839. FERNANDO PAER, an Italian draby the great, and undertook to translate matic composer, died at Paris. He was a the catechism into Japanese, and wrote a native of Parina; his pieces have been history of the country. Some absurdities performed in Germany, trance and Italy, were detected, when he confessed himself with success. an impostor, and afterwards subsisted by 1840. JAMES MORlsoN, self-styled The turning his pen to better employment. Hygeist, died at Paris, aged 70. He was I765. Sujah ul DOWLAH defeated at the inventor of the Vegetable universal Calpy, in India, by the British. medicines, known as Morison's Pills, from 1776. Sir PETER PARKER'S squadron of which he realized great profits, and is said 20 sail arrived at Cape Fear river, with to have paid the English government in lord Cornwallis. ten years ~60,000 for medicine stamps. 1784. ANTHONY BANEZET, a philanthro- 1849. A serious insurrection occurred at pist of Philadelphia, died. He was a na- Dresden, in Saxony, but was in a few tive of France, and early engaged in mer- days put down. cantile pursuits, which he abandoned to 1852. SARAH COLERIDGE died; the acdevote his attention to objects of benevo- complished and only daughter of S. T. lence and philanthropy, in which he con- Coleridge. She translated from the Latin tinued during a long life. the curious works of DobrizShoffer on Para1793. Battle of Famars, in which the guay, 3 vols., and completed the editorial allies drove the French from their camp care of her father's Literary Remains, bewith great loss. gun by her husband. 1794. JAMES WILLIAM THOURET guillo- 1853. JOHi B. GIBSON, an eminent Penntined; he was president of the national sylvania jurist, died at Philadelphia, aged May 3.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 179 73; at which time he was judge of the 1791. The pope burnt in effigy at Paris. supreme court. 1799. Seringapatam, a city of Hindos1856. ADOLPHE CHARLES ADAM, the not- tan, taken by storm by the British, under ed French music composer, died at Paris, Gen. Harris. Tippoo Saib was slain, with aged 54. 8,000 of his men. The treasure found in the city amounted to ~3,000,000; 2,200 cannon, and an immense booty, fell into MAY 4. the hands of the conquerors, and the once powerful kingdom of Mysore was extin1471. Battle of Tewkesbury, between guished. the York partisans and the Lancastrians, 1804. The conservative senate sent a in which the latter were defeated, and deputation to Bonaparte, expressing their queen Margaret and her son Edward tak- desire that he would accept the title of en prisoners. The young prince was emperor. basely murdered on the spot, by the dukes 1813. Heavy rain retarded the firing on of Gloucester and Clarence. fort Meigs; 220 cannon shot were fired; 2 1605. ULYSSES ALDROVAND, a Bolognese killed, several wounded. The rifle was philosopher, died. He was the most cele- more used this day than on any other. brated naturalist of the 16th century, and 1831. MEHEMET ALI, pasha of Egypt, spent his life and exhausted his resources employed upwards of 70,000 men in exin the pursuit of science. He lost his cavating, cleansing and lining canals in sight, and ended his days in a hospital at his territories, the age of 80. 1842. Great fire at Hamburg, in Ger1643. Louis XII! (the just), king of many, destroyed 2,000 houses. France, died. He was guided in his con- 1843. JAMES P. PRESTON, formerly govduct by the celebrated cardinal Richelieu, ernor of Virginia, died at Smithfield, aged who, from motives of ambition, kept him 69. He commanded a regiment in the war at war during most of his reign. of 1812, and was maimed for life in the 1655. GIOVANNI FRANCESCA ABELA, a battle of Chrystler's fields. historian and ecclesiastic of Malta, died. 1854. ALEXANDER WITHERSPOON, a New 1668. A riot in London under pretence York physician, died at Washington, aged of destroying brothels. Four ot the lead- 37; a medical writer remarkable for the ers taken and executed for treason. In exactness of his observations and the the reign of some of the English kings the clearness of his statements. demolition of such houses would not have 1854. JOHN MATTHEWS died, aged 70. been adjudged treason. ~ He served with distinction as a general 1673. RICHARD BRATHWAITE, an English officer in the war of 1812-15; and for a poet and miscellaneous writer, died. His perioqd of fifteen years was a representative works are numerous. in the state legislature of MaryIand. 1677. IsAAc BARROW, an eminent Eng- 1856. JOHN COLLINS WARREN, a distinlish mathematician and divine, died. His guished Boston physician, died, aged 77. writings are numerous and valuable, and He was the first successful competitor for chiefly on mathematical subjects; his ser- the Franklin medal. He had a long and mons are highly esteemed, and have been brilliant career as a physician, and during frequently edited. the latter years of his life devoted much 1702. War declared against France and time to the study of the natural sciences, Spain, by England, Germany and Holland. and collected a valuable museum, among 1729. LEwis ANTHONY DE NOAILLES, a which was the most perfect skeleton of French cardinal, died. Though by birth the mastodon known to exist. duke of St. Cloud, he preferred the ecclesiastical state to political distinction. MAY 5. 1734. JAMES THORNHILL died; an English historical painter. 1421. A holy convocation at Canterbury 1737. EUSTACE BUDGELL, the friend of decreed that a bishop's barber should not Addison, drowned in the Thames. He receive a fee from any one on whom the turned his attention to polite literature, bishop had conferred holy orders. contributed to the Spectator, Tatler, Guard- 1432. FRANCESCO BUSSONE DI CARMAGian and Craftsman, and published two NOLA, count de Castlenuovo, executed. He volumes of biography. was a celebrated Italian general, first in 1768. CHARLES STEPHEN LouIS CAMUS the service of the duke of Milan, afterdied, a learned French mathematician. wards led the Venetian army to repeated 1786. GEORGE GORDON, an English noble- victories.. His fortune at length turned, man, who it is said submitted to circum- when the senate suspecting him of treachcision, avowed Judaism, and was excom- ery, he was tortured and condemned to unicated from the church of Mary le Bone death. 180 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 5. 1526. FREDERICK (the wise), elector of mental acquirements, but passionate and Savoy, died. He was one of the first and often inflamed by inebriety. most zealous friends of Luther. 1776. Congress declared the authority 1529. PAULvs ]EMILIUS, a learned Italian, of England over the thirteen colonies died. He was invited to France, where he abolished. employed a great number of years in writ- 1785. THOMAS DAVIES (alias Honest Tom ing a history of'the French kings, but did Davies), an English author, died. He was not live to finish it. educated at the university of Edinburgh, 1556. The company of London station- became an actor, afterwards a bookseller, ers received their first charter from Philip turned strolling player, married Miss Yarand Mary, under the title of " The master row, an actress of great beauty, returned and keepers or wardens, and commonalty, to bookselling, became bankrupt, was reof the mystery or art of the stationers of lieved by the assistance of Dr. Johnson, the city of London." wrote the Life of Garrick, several other 1586. HENRY SIDNEY, an English states- biographies and innumerable miscellanies, man, died. He was the favorite of Ed- and was entrusted with the publication of ward VI, and afterwards employed by Granger's Biographical History of England. Mary and Elizabeth. 1789. JOSEPH BARETTI, an Italian lexi1618. One WILLIAMS, a barrister, ar- cographer, died. He emigrated to Engraigned for libeling the king, was execut- land, where he published an Italian and ed. English dictionary, and assisted Dr. John1643. Parliament of England ordered the son in compiling his dictionary. Book of Sports to be burned by the common 1789. Assembly of the states general of hangman. France, at Versailles. This may be called 1670. FRANCIS ANNIBAL D'ESTREES, a the first day of the revolution, although French statesman, died, aged 98. He dis- the object of the meeting was to prevent tinguished himself by several military ex- such a catastrophe. ploits, and wrote some valuable historical 1795. The law went into operation in works. England imposing a tax on wearing hair 1682. WILLIAM PENN, published in Eng- powder. land his frame of government for the col- 1802. Cleopatra's coffin, head of the ony of Pennsylvania. Theban ram, and other Egyptian curiosi1687. A proclamation was issued by gov- ties, arrived in England. ernment to establish a manufactory for 1804. France formed into an empire. white paper in England. 1808. PETER JOHN GEORGE CABANIS, a 1700. STEPHEN MORIN, a French protest- French physician, died. He was the friend ant divine, died at Amsterdam. He was of Mirabeau, sat in the council of 500, and professor of oriental languages; his- dis- in the senate of Napoleon acquired great sertations on various subjects of criticism reputation for talent, learning and beneand antiquity were highly esteemed. volence. His works are published in 7 1705. LEOPOLD I, emperor of Germany, volumes. died. He was long engaged in sanguinary 1811. Battle of Fuentes d'Onor, in Porwar with the Turks and the French, who tugal; the French repulsed with great loss, pillaged and destroyed his frontier towns. by the British under Wellington. 1706. Lateral eruption of the peak of 1813. Battle at Fort Meigs; Gen. Clay Teneriffe. A volcano opened at the south arrived with 1,000 Kentucky militia and side, towards the port of Garachico, and volunteers, attacked the British, carried in a few hours not an edifice of that popu- their batteries and spiked their cannon; lous city was left standing. but having pressed too far in pursuit, were 1710. NICHOLAS JOSEPH POISsoN, a French met by a reinforcement of Indians, and in priest, died. He was the friend of Des- turn defeated, so that only 150 escaped. cartes, and a philosopher; distinguished The British had fired 143 cannon shot into for his eloquence and as an author. the fort before the arrival of Gen. Clav. 1751. JOHN PICHON died; a French Je- American loss, 64 killed, 124 wounded, suit and an author. exclusive of Clay's loss. British stated 1757. Battle of Prague, between the their loss at 103, killed, wounded and Prussians under Frederick the great and missing, and that they had taken 495 the Austrians. The Prussians were victor- American prisoners. ious, after a bloody contest, in which the 1814. NAPOLEON landed at Elba at an distinguished general, count Schwerin, early hour in disguise, with a sergeant's was killed. Austrian loss 24,000; Prus- company of marines. He made a formal sian loss 18,000. landing at 2 in the afternoon, and was 1760. LAWRENCE SHIRLEY, earl of Fer- welcomed by the people with acclamation. aro, executed at Tyburn for the murder of 1821. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE died at St. his steward. He was a man of no mean Helena, in the 52d year of his age, and the May 5.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 181 6th of his exile, to the great relief of the plate, and the profits were to be expended British nation. He commenced in 1795 that in repairing the havens of the kingdom. unparalelled career of military achieve- 1631. ROBERT BRUCE COTTON, an emiments, which continued to agitate Europe nant English antiquary, died. His writ. for 20 years, and terminated with the bat- ings are numerous and valuable, and he tie of Waterloo, 1815. did great service to learning by leaving his 1822. THOMAS TRUXTON, an American valuable library to the use of posterity, in naval officer, died. He distinguished hi'ma- the British museum. self in the revolutionary war, and also in 1643. Battle of Stratton, in which the the war with France of 1799, after which parliamentary army under the earl of Stamhe retired from the navy, and died in Phil- ford was attacked by the Cornish royalists, adelphia. who, although far inferior in numbers, 1827. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS I, king of gained a complete victory, taking the camp Saxony, died, aged 77; a wise and bene- of the enemy, all their artillery, baggage yolent monarch, who devoted the energy and provisions, and many prisoners. of his mind to promote the welfare of his 1667. SAMUEL BOCHART, a learned French subjects. protestant divine, died. He was distin1846. JOHN PICKERING, an eminent Amer- guished as an oriental scholar, and died ican philologist, died at Boston, aged 60. while delivering an oration at the academy He commenced the practice of the law, of Caen. and distinguished himself as a jurist; but 1673. The island of St. Helena retaken his reputation rests chiefly on his attain- by the English. ments as a scholar, and on his literary and 1712. GARIEN DE SIEUR DE SANDRAS scientific labors, which were of great service COURTLITZ, a French author, died. His to the cause of learning in this country. works were numerous, and some of them He published a vocabulary of American- political, for which he was confined in the isms, and a Greek and English lexicon. bastile nine years. 1848. Opening of the national assembly 1739. KOULI KHAN, after pillaging the of France, after the abdication of Louis capital of Hindostan, and slaughtering Philippe. 150,000 of its inhabitants, departed from 1853. His other demands having been the city, leaving his son Mohammed Schah conceded, prince Menschikoff sent in an ul- on the throne. timatum to the Turkish divan, demanding 1743. ANDREW MICHAEL RAMSAY, a Scotfor the emperor of Russia the protectorate tish historian and philosopher, died. He of the Greek church Christians in Turkey. spent much of his time in France, with 1853. A new planet was discovered at Fenelon and Turenne, where he died. the observatory of Bilk, at Dusseldorf, by 1763. JOHN WILKES released from the Prof. Luther. tower by the mem')rable sentence of chief justice Pratt. (See April 30). MAY 6. 1766. SAMUEL SQUIRE, bishop of St. David's died; a poetical, historical and 356. B. C. MARCIUS RUTILUS, the first antiquarian writer of note. dictator elected from the plebeians, entered 1766. Lord HOWE and Gen. HOWE apRome in triumph from his victories over pointed commissioners for restoring peace the Etrurians. to the British colonies. 1527. The imperialists under the duke 1766. THOMAS ARTHUR LALLY, an Irish of Bourbon, took Rome by assault and officer in the service of France, executed. plundered it. The duke was killed by a He fought against the British in the East musket ball. He had been disgraced at Indies with great bravery, but had become the French court, and was now in the ser- so unpopular, that on being defeated he vice of Charles V of Germany. was imprisoned and condemned for trea1540. JOHN LEWIS VIVES, a learned Span- son. lard, died. He resided some time at the 1780. Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's iscourt of Henry VIII of England, where he land, surrendered to the British, who was imprisoned for opposing the divorce bombarded Charleston at the same time. of Catharine of Arragon. 1782. STEPHEN MIGNOL DE MONTIGNI died 1562. PAUL DE LABARTHE, lord of Ther- at Paris; eminent as a mechanic and a mes, a French general, died, aged 80. He man of science, who introduced several was distinguished in the wars of his count- useful manufactures into France. ry by several important victories. 1790. JOHN JAMES GESNER died; profess1569. The first English lottery, which or in the university at Zurich, and a noted commenced drawing on the 11th January Swiss author. (q. v.), and had been continued day and 1796. ADOLPHUS F. F. L. KNIGGE, a Gernight, finished on this day. It consisted of man author, died. His works were var400,000 lots of 10s. each. The prizes were ious, and his novels once popular. He 182 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 6. was a member of the illuminati, and im- 1853. The drawbridge of the New York plicated in some of the disputes relating and New Haven rail road having been careto that order. lessly left open at Norwalk, the cars were 1801. Action of Barcelona, between thrown into the water; forty-five persons British ship Speedy, 14 guns 54 men, lord were killed, and many severely injured. Cochrane, and Spanish frigate, El Gamo, 1856. An accident occurred on the Pan32 guns 319 men. British loss, killed and ama rail road, recently put in operation, wounded 11, Spanish loss, 55. by which 43 persons were killed, and 60 1802. SAMUEL MCDONALD died, aged 40. wounded. He served under the British with the 1856. WILLIAM HAMILTON. a distinguishSutherland fencibles, and afterwards as ed Scottish metaphysician, died at Fdinfugleman in the royals. He was six feet burgh, where he was professor of logic and ten inches in height, and his strength is metaphysics, and became more widely represented to have been prodigious. He known by his volume of Essays. continued active till his 35th year, when he began to decline, and died of water in the MAY 7. chest. 1811. WILLIAM BOSCAWEN, an English 431 B. c. The war which wasted the poetand miscellaneous writer, died. His Athenians for 27 years, commonly called translation of Horace is preferred by some the Peloponnesiaq war, began May 7th. critics to that of Dr. Francis. 399 B. c. SOCRATES, the greatest of the 1814. Battle of Oswego. The town was ancient philosophers, died. He was put attacked the seccond time by the British, to death by the Athenians on a charge of 1,600 soldiers and sailors, and two com- atheism, and corrupting the youth. panies of Glengarians, under Gen. Drum- 973. OTHO (the great), emperor of Germond. The Americans, about 300, under many, died. He was an active and valiant Col. Mitchell, gallantly defended the place, prince, who made himself respected by till they were compelled to retreat before the powers of, Europe. an overwhelming force, after securing their 1253. RUBRIUqUS (or Ruysbroeck) landstores. American loss, killed 6, wounded ed at Soldaia, on the Black sea, on his way 38, missing 25; British, 94. to discover a Christian people, who were 1839. WILLIAM LENOIR, an officer of the said to inhabit the centre of Tartary. On revolution, died. He bore a distinguished this embassy he explored that country, part in the war in South Carolina, and was and though unsuccessful in the object of closely identified with the early history of his mission, he brought back a fund of the state. He held various civil offices, curious information, which after the lapse was a justice of the peace about 60 years, of centuries is still about the best picture and for many years a member of the state we possess of Tartar life. But few have legislature. He was distinguished for in- been among them in their native wilds tegrity, firmness and patriotism. since then, and those who have, like Marco 1840. DEMETRIUS AUGUSTINE GALITZIN, Polo, John Bell and Timkowsky, confirm son of prince de Galitzin, one of the first most of his details. nobility of Russia, died in poverty at Lo- 1402. Battle of Nisbeth, between the retto, Pa., aged 70. He left the princely English and Scottish forces, in which 10,halls of his ancestors, and spent thirty 000 of the latter were slain. years in a rude log cabin in America, al- 1588. Lord BURLEIGH, as chancellor of most denying himself the comforts of life, Cambridge, issued rules for reforming the that he might devote his days to religion, apparel and other "disorders" of the and assist the poor and distressed. Few scholars: " and that the excess of colored have left behind them such examples of shirtbands and ruffs, exceeding one inch charity and benevolence. and a half (saving for the sons of noble1840. FRANCISCO PAULA DE SANTANDER, men), be avoided presently; and that no formerly president of the republic of New scholar do wear any long locks of hair Granada, died at Bogota, aged 48. When upon his head, but that he be polled after the revolution began to agitate the country the manner of the gravest scholars, under he embarked in the cause of independence, pain of 6s. 8d." and soon rose to distinction as an officer in 1621. JOHN GUILLIM died; rouge-croix the army. pursuivant at arms, and author of a cele1844. Fearful rioting in Philadelphia be- brated work called The Display of Hera~ldry. tween the native Americanis and Irish. 1621. JOHN SUCKLING, an English poet, 1848. Engagement between the Austrians died. He also signalized himself as a soland Piedmontese before Verona; great loss dier under Gustavus Adolphus. on both sides. 1660. The king's statue was again set 1848. Gen. FOLQUE, a veteran officer, up in Guild hall, London, and the states died at Lisbon, Portugal, aged 102. arms taken down. May 7.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 183 1768. PATRICK DELANY died; an eminent practice of carrying poultry, vegetables, divine and theological writer of Ireland, &c., to market at Charlottesville, a distance better known now as the friend and cor- of 8 miles, on foot, till within a few weeks respondent of Dean Swift. of her death. 1676. HENRY DE VALOIS (Henricus Vale- 1838. THOMAS BRADFORD, the oldest sins) died; a French critic of great abilities master printer in America, died at Philaand learning. delphia, aged 94. He was the successor of 1776. The American army under Gen. Dr. Franklin as editor, and entered upon Thomas, on their retreat from before Que- the business in 1763. During the revolubec, took up their line of march at 1 in tionary war he was commissary-general to the morning, and reached Point de Cham- the Pennsylvania division, and printer to bault. At Jaques Cartier they had but one congress. He was long known as a disbatteau to cross the army over with, and tinguished printer, editor and publisher. were fired upon during the whole time by 1840. A tremendous tornado passed over two frigates. the city of Natchez, very destructive to life 1777. CHARLES DE BROSSES, president of and property. Almost every building in the parliament of Burgundy, died. He is the city was more or less injured, many the author of several useful works. being utterly demolished. The amount of 1778. British took possession of Borden- property destroyed was estimated at $1,town, N. J. They burnt 4 store-houses 500,000; and 317 persons were killed. and about 40 vessels.' 1840. THOMAS BARNES, principal editor 1794. ROBESPIERRE appeared before the of the Times newspaper, died in London, French convention as the Champion of the aged 56. He was unquestionably the most Supreme Being! It was thought advisable accomplished and powerful political writer -to found a religion, and it was necessary of the day, and particularly excelled in first to enact a supreme being, for God had the portraiture of public men. been abolished by a decree of _the convention. 1842. The island of Hayti destroyed by The tyrant made an eloquent speech, and an earthquake. Not a single town escaped concluded by declaring the real temple of without some casualty. Thousands of lives the supreme being to be the universe; his were lost, and property to an incalculable worship, virtue; his festivals the joy of a extent was destroyed. Cape Haytien was great nation. His propositions were car- entirely leveled with the ground, and of ried by acclamation, and a solemn festival 12,000 inhabitants, one half were buried proclaimed, which under the arrangement under the ruins, and of those which esof David, the painter, was a magnificent caped, a great part perished by fire and affair. other disasters which followed. Bands of 1795. ANTHONY QUENTIN FOUQUIER TIN- armed negroes came in the next day to VILLE, a notorious French revolutionist, plunder, and stabbed and shot the woundguillotined. As public accuser, he caused ed wherever they found them, for the the death of immense numbers, of all ages jewels and clothing they wore. and either sex. 1844. It was discovered that all the 1796. BONAPARTE and the army of the watches on board the British schooner French republic crossed the Po at Pla- Henry Curwen, and the chronometer, had cenza. stopped, and on referring to the three 1800. NICHOLAS PICCINI, an eminent mu- compasses on board, they were found to sical composer, died at Naples. point different ways, and were entirely 1811. RICHARD CUMBERLAND died; emi- useless. In about two hours afterward the nent as a British poet, essayist, novelist watches and chronometer recommenced and dramatic writer. The number of his going, and the compasses resumed their works is very extraordinary, as was also position. This occurred in 440 north, and his vanity. 32~ 35' long., at 4 A. M. 1825. JOHN GABRIEL CHASTELER, gover- 1848. The Polish insurgents surrendered nor of Venice, died. He was a Spanish to the Prussian troops, after great slaughter, grandee of the first rank, entered the Aus- at Posen. trian service, and distinguished himself in 1848. Insurrection at Madrid, when several engagements with the French. He many lives were lost. possessed a chivalrous and cultivated mind, 1848. The Indians, who were in a state and spoke 12 languages. of insurrection in Yucatan against the 1830. Treaty between the United States Spanish population, entered the town of and Turkey signed at Constantinople, se- Marie, and butchered 200 of the incuring to the United States the free naviga- habitants, besides committing other outtion of the Black sea, and the trade of the rages. Turkish empire. 1849. Gen. WORTH died at San Antonio 1838. MARY SPROUSE died in Albemarle de Bexar of cholera. county, Va., aged 99. She was in the 1849. MACREADY, the English tragedian, 184 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 7. hissed from the stage of the Astor opera and afterwards its governor. He joined house in New York. the fleet sent over by Cromwell to attack 1852. JAMES SAVAGE, a distinguished St. Domingo, the only place of strength London architect, died, aged 74. The which the Spaniards had in Hispaniola, Gentleman's Magazine contains a long list and died at sea, aged 60. His marriage of the bridges and churches which attest was the first that was celebrated in the cohis reputation and skill. lony. 1854. The gallery of the Catholic church 1657. CROMWELL refused the title of at Erie, Pa., fell, crushing the people be- king of England. low, and killing and wounding several 1659. A remnant of the long parliament persons. assembled during the anarchy, and has been termed the rump. 1662. PETER HEYLIN, an English hisMAY 8. torian; died. He was an able and indefatigable writer, principally known by his 685. Pope BENEDICT II died. Descripton of the great World, and History 1360. The treaty called the great peace of the Reformation. signed at Bretigni, by which Edward III 1676. Bridgewater, Mass., invaded by renounced all his claims to the French the Indian enemy, and 17 buildings laid in crown and its territories. ashes. 1429. The siege of Orleans was aban- 1703. VINCENI ALSOP died; a presbydoned. At dawn, the English army was terian clergyman, who attacked Dr. Sherdiscovered at a small distance from the lozk with great wit and some seriousness. walls, drawn up in battle array, and brav- 1725. Capt. JOHN LOVEWELL, with a party ing the enemy to fight in the open field. of 36 men, encouraged by his former sucAfter waiting for some hours, the signal cess against the Indians (see Feb. 2to), unwas given; the long line of forts, the fruit dertook an expedition against Pigwacket, of 7 months' labor, was instantly in flames on Saco river, was ambuscaded, and himand the soldiers, with mingled feelings of self and a great part of his men killed. shame and regret, turned their backs to They made a brave resistance, determined the enemy. This was one of the inex- to die rather than yield, and by their well plicable feats of Joan d'Arc. directed fire thinned the number of the 1493. FERDINAND and ISABELLA confirmed, savages so that their cries became fainter, at Barcelona, the appointment of Colum- and they finally left the field, carrying off bus, on his return from the new world. their dead. " The office of admiral of the said ocean, 1729. WILLIAM KING, archbishop of Dubwhich is ours, commences by a line, which lin, died; author of a celebrated treatise we have ordered to be marked, passing on the origin of evil. from the Azores to the cape de Verd is- 1744. GILES JACOB died; an English law lands, from the north to the south, from writer, biographer, and lexicographer. pole to pole; so that all which is beyond 1758. BENEDICT XIV (Prosper Lamberthe aforesaid line to the west is ours, and tini), pope, died. His character was that belongs to us; and of all this we create our of a learned, liberal-minded and beneadmiral, you and your children." volent man. His works fill 16 vols. folio. 1532. FRANCIS ALVAREZ PAEZ died; a 1775. The great tunnel at Norwood hill, Portuguese divine of the order of the Cor- through which the Chesterfield and Trent deliers, and an author. canal was to pass, was opened; its length 1535. HENRY VIII of England had his nearly 1i miles. head shaved, and commanded all about his 1779. CHARLES HARDY, an English adcourt to follow his example. miral, died. He was two years governor 1538. EDWARD Fox, an English prelate of New York, and was appointed comand statesman, died. He was the principal mander in chief of the western squadron, pillar of the reformation in England. 1779. 1572. Dame DOROTHY PACKINGTON sent 1782. SEBASTIAN JOSEPH CARVALLO DE the trusty and well beloved Thos. Lich- POMBAL, a Portuguese statesman, died. He field and George Borden to be her burgess displayed great wisdom and abilities in the in parliament, informing the queen that offices to which he was promoted; and whatever they might do in her service in under his munificence and patriotism the parliament should receive her (Dorothy's) city of Lisbon rose from her ruins by the approval. earthquake, in new splendor and increased 1638. CORNELIUS JANSENIUS died; foun- magnificence. der of the Jansenists, who gave the pope - 1793. Battle of Vicogne, the French deand the Jesuits much trouble in Europe. feated by the Austrians under Clairfait, 1655. EDWARD WINSLOW died; one of after an obstinate action and great carnage. the first settlers of Plymouth colony, Mass., 1793. JAS. RIDGWAY and H. D. SYRONDS, May 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 185 booksellers in London, severely fined and troops, consisting of 20,000 infantry and sentenced to 4 years imprisonment for sell- 10,000 artillery and cavalry. ing the books of Thomas Payne. 1853. JOHN FARRAR, a distinguished 1794. ANTHONY LAWRENCE LAVOISIER, a American mathematician, died, aged 54. French chemist, guillotined. His philoso- He gave the active portion of his life to phical researches were of great service to the service of Harvard college, to which science, and of practical utility to his he brought great natural tastes and apticountry; he was condemned on the most tudes, habits of persevering labor, and frivolous pretexts. deep conscientiousness. 1799. BONAPARTE made an unsuccessful 1854. The sultan of Turkey gave a attempt to carry St. Jean d'Acre by as- grand banquet in honor of Napoleon. sault. 1855. JANE DAVY, widow of sir Hum1806. ROBERT MORRIS, one of the signers phrey Davy, died in London; conspicuous of the Declaration of Independence, died. in literary circles for her accomplishments, He was one of the most extensive mer- unwearied conversation and physical acchants in America, and in 1781 was ap- tivity. pointed to the control of the government finances, where the services he rendered MAY 9. the country were of the utmost importance. The army was frequently supplied by his 1502. COLUMBUS sailed from Cadiz, with own personal credit. It is painful to add, four vessels and 140 men and boys, in that the latter years of his life were passed search of a passage to the South sea, being in prison, where he was confined for his fourth voyage across the Atlantic. It debt. was a disastrous expedition for the ad1813. The Americans evacuated York, miral, against whom the elements seem to Upper Canada, after burning the block- have joined his countrymen, to complete houses, barracks and king's stores. the ruin of his fortunes. 1815. DAVID RAMSAY, an American phy- 1657. WILLIAM BRADFORD, second govsician and historian, died. By unwearied ernor of Plymouth colony, died. He reindustry and economy of time he was en- moved to America with the first settlers of abled, amidst an extensive practice, to pub- the colony, and was their governor thirty lish several important histories, and left years. He wrote a history of the colony others in manuscript. from 1602 to 1646, which was deposited in 1815. Saxony dismembered, and a great the library of the old south church in part of the kingdom given to Prussia. Boston, where it fell a sacrifice to the fury 1816. The United States ship Washing- of the British, 1775. ton, 74 guns, put to sea, being the first 1657. A secret treaty signed at Paris beAmerican ship of the line afloat. tween Louis X1V and Cromwell, for " the 1822. JOHN STARK, a major general in ruin and destruction of the proud and the revolutionary army, died, aged 93. By tyrannical monarchy of Spain." his skill and intrepidity the first step was 1760. NICHOLAS LEWIs ZINZENDORF, a achieved towards the capture of Burgoyne,' German count, died; founder of the sect by the defeat of colonel Baum in the battle of Moravians, or Hernhutters. of Bennington. 1767. CASSINI observed, by the position 1829. CHARLES ABBOT, lord Colchester, of certain spots, the revolution of the died; a British statesman. planet Venus on its axis. 1842. More than 70 lives lost by a rail 1768. BONNEL THORNTON died; an Engroad accident between Versailles and Paris lish poet, essayist and miscellaneous writer, among whom.were the celebrated navigat- and translator of Plautus. or, admiral Dumont d'Urville and his wife 1776. ELLEN ELLIS at Beumaris in Angleand children. sey gave birth to a child in her 72d year. 1846. Battle of Palo Alto. The Ameri- 1781. British generals Arnold and Phicans, 2,000, under Gen. Taylor, were at- lips took Wilmington, Va. tacked on thei: return from Point Isabel, 1781. Spaniards took Pensacola and all by 5,000 Mexicans. The former fought Florida. their way through the Mexican lines, dis- 1791. FRANCIS HOPKINSON, one of the persing the enemy, capturing their baggage signers, died. He was judge of the adand artillery, and several of their superior miralty court of Pennsylvania; his writofficers. ings abound with wit, humor and satire. 1848. Great hail storm at Charleston, 1794. CHARLES HENRY D'ESTAING, a S. C.; some of the stones that fell were French admiral, guillotined. He was com7' inches in circumference. mander of the Fiench squadron in the 1852. The emperor of Russia visited the American war; and at' the revolution in emperor of Austria at Vienna, and two France became member of the assembly of days afterwards reviewed the Austrian notables. 24 186 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 9. 1799. Sally from the garrison of St. Jean 1503. COLUMBUS discovered the Tortugas d'Acre, when they succeeded in spiking islands. 4 cannon within the French lines. 1547. CHARLES V summoned Witten1803. ROBERT CHAMBERS died at Paris; berg, defended by Sibylla, wife of the eleca learned English judge and orientalist. tor of Saxony; refusing to surrender, he 1805. FREDERICK SCHILLER, an eminent ordered a court-martial who condemned German dramatist, died. He is also the her husband, then a prisoner, to death. author of a history of the revolt of the 1574. Queen ELIZABETH issued her royal Netherlands from Spain. license under seal, for the performance of 1813. The siege of fort Meigs raised. It stags plays; the first establishment of a had continued 13 days, and it was com- regular company of players in England. puted that 1760 cannon balls and shells 1611. Sir THOMAS DALE arrived at the had been fired at the fort, by which 17 Jamestown colony, with 3 ships, 300 peowere killed and 66 wounded. ple, 12 cows, 20 goats, and all things need1832. ISRAEL THORNDIKE, a Boston mer- ful. Lord Baltimore had previously left chant, died. He possessed a talent for for England on account of his health, and business which enabled him to accumulate Dale took command. Sir Thomas Gates the largest fortune ever acquired in New arrived in August following, with 6 ships, England, amounting to nearly two mil- 280 men, 2! women, 100 cattle; 200 hogs, lions. In 1818 he purchased the valuable and military stores, and assumed the govlibrary of professor Ebeling, of Hamburg, ernment. These added to the 200 left by 4,000 vols., and presented it to Harvard lord Baltimore, swelled the number to 800. university. This library is considered the 1631. Magdeburg taken by the Austrians most valuable and extensive in American under general Tilly, by assault, and given history and antiquities, ever collected. up to pillage, massacre and fire, only two 1832. CAMILLO PHILIP LOUIS BORGHESE, churches and some ruins remaining. an Italian prince of immense wealth, died. 1632. Louis DE MARILLAC, marechal of He was an officer under Bonaparte, whose France, beheaded. He conspired against sister he married. After the abdication of Richelieu, to whom he was indebted for the emperor, he broke up all connection much of his good fortune, and to whose with the Bonaparte family, and separated resentment he fell a victim. from his wife. 1641. JOHN BANNIER died; a Swedish 1836. CALEB P. BENNETT, governor of general under Gustavus Adolphus. the state of Delaware, died, aged 78. He 1646. MANUEL DI'ALMEIDA, a Portuguese was the last surviving officer of the Dela- Jesuit, died; a missionary to India 40 ware regiment in the revolutionary army. years, and author of a work on Ethiopia. 1846. Battle of Resaca de la Palma and 1649. Governor ENDICOTT, and other indeath of major Samuel Ringgold, whose fluential men in Massachusetts, formed an place of sepulture in Baltimore is surround- association against wearing long hair! ed by an inclosure of Mexican bayonets. 1671. The English admiral Sprague de1846. CHARLES TURNER TORREY died in stroyed 12 Algerine pirate ships at Bugea, the jail at Baltimore, Maryland, while sus- a seaport of Algiers. taining an imprisonment for a breach of 1696. JOHN DE LA BRUYERE, a noted the laws of Maryland in relation to kid- French author, died. His Characters, in napping slaves. imitation of Theophrastus, is a work of 1853. An earthquake completely de- established excellence, and descriptive of stroyed Schiraz in Persia; 12,000 lives the manners of that age. were lost. 1733. BARTON BOOTH died; a celebrated 1854. An imperial ukase in Russia called tragedian in the reign of queen Anne, aufor nine men out of every thousand souls thor of some songs and minor pieces. of the "eleventh ordinary partial levy in 1773. An act of parliament passed, authe eastern portion of the empire," and, thorizing the East India company to export independently of this, three recruits out their own tea, duty 3d. per pound; in of every thousand souls to bring up ar- consequence of this act they determined to rears; the Jews furnishing ten men out of send it to New York, Philadelphia and a thousand. Boston. In October of the same year the Americans refused to receive it. MAY 10. 1774. Louis XV of France died, in the 60th year of his reign. He outlived the 664. The memorable pestilence in Ire- respect of his subjects. land began. 1775. Colonels ALLEN and ARNOLD sur1307. Battle of Loudown hill; Bruce de- prised Ticonderoga, which surrendered, feated Aylmer de Valence, earl of Pembroke. without the loss of a man. Crown1422. HENRY V reduced Meaux, after a point was taken by them the same siege of 7 months. day. May 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 187 1775. CAROLINA MATILDA, the divorced nians under the pasha of Scodra defeated queen of Denmark, died at Zell, aged 24: by the Turks under the grand vizier. youngest sister of George III. 1837. All the banks in the city of New 1779. Portsmouth and Norfolk, Va., York without exception, and by common taken by the British, and many vessels, consent, stop specie payments. The banks stores and houses destroyed. throughout the Union adopted the same 1781. Lord RAWDON evacuated Camden, course. after destroying the public and private 1848. A very destructive fire occurred in houses, and much of his own baggage. Detroit, Michigan. The houses were of 1784. ANTHONY COURT DE GEBELIN, a wobod principally on leased land. French writer, died; celebrated as the au- 1849. The city of Leghorn taken by the thor of The Primitive World compared with Tuscan troops. the Modern, a work which the French 1849. Astor house opera riot in the city academy were so well satisfied with that of New York. they twice decreed him the annual prize of 1853. ASHBEL STRONG NORTON, an Amer1,200 livres for the best work. ican preacher, died, aged 87. He was born 1790. The Gabelle Tax in France was in Farmington, Ct., graduated at Yale colabolished. This was a duty pn salt capri- lege in 1790; filled the pastoral office at cious and unequal in its operation, which Clinton, N. Y., with distinguished usefulnotwithstanding had continued since the ness and success forty years, during which beginning of the 14th century. he was largely concerned in laying the 1793. CLAIRFAIT attacked and carried foundations of social and religious instituthe wood of Hasnon; the slaughter of the tions in central New York. French was great. 1853. The pope prohibited the circula1794. Battle of Tournay and defeat of tion of Uncle Tom's Cabin, an American the French by the British and Austrians novel, in his dominions. under the duke of York. 1855. A mob of armed men destroyed 1794. ELIZABETH of France, sister of the Birch creek reservoir, in Clay county, Louis XVI, guillotined. Indiana, connected with the Wabash and 1796. Battle of Lodi, in which Bonaparte Erie canal. gained an important victory over the Austrians, under the veteran general Beaulieu. The long narrow bridge which led to the MAY 11. city, was defended by 30 pieces of cannon. The French generals put themselves at the 1491 B. c. The Egyptians under Phahead of 3000 grenadiers, and in the face raoh drowned in the Red sea. of a murderous fire crossed the bridge over 1153. DAVID I, of Scotland, died. He the dead bodies of their comrades, who was earl of Northumberland and Huntwere mowed down by hundreds, and to6k ington,'and married the daughter of the possession of the Austrian batteries. The king of England, for whom he claimed the loss was about 3,000 men on each side. throne on the death of her father. He This was one of the most striking military was a mild and popular king. achievements of Bonaparte. It was on this 1310. JAMES DE MOLAI, grand master, occasion that he received the title of the and 54 knights of the temple, publicly little corporal. burned at Paris, under the decree of an 1796. The Babeuf conspiracy was dis- archiepiscopal council. They were concovered by the council of 500 in Paris. demned on confessions of Islamism and Babeuf and Darthe, the principal leaders paganism, extorted by the rack, and afterwere secured and executed, which com- wards retracted. pletely crushed the Jacobin power. 1537. A terrible and destructive eruption 1809. The Swedish diet renounced all of Mount ZEtna. allegiance to Gustavus IV, and deprived 1553. Three vessels sailed from England, him and his heirs of the crown. under Sir Hugh Willoughby, to explore 1811. French evacuated Almeida, after the northern seas. By this voyage an indestroying everything, and the next day let was discovered to the White sea and they abandoned Portugal entirely. the bay of Archangel, and an almost ex1824. JOHN GUTHRIE, the celebrated elusive commerce established with Russia Edinburgh bookseller of the firm of Guth- in that quarter. rie & Jait, died. Like Benjamin Franklin 1554. FRANCISCO DE ORELLANA sailed he wheeled home his own purchases. from St. Lucar, in Spain, with 4 ships and 1831. JoaN TRUMBULL, an American poet, 400 men, for the purpose of exploring the died. He was for many years judge of a river Amazon. He forced his way up court in Connecticut, and is known as the about 120 leagues, and meeting with disauthor of the popular poem, MeFingal. asters by which he lost his ships and the 1831. Battle of Terlepe; 20,000 Alba- greater part of his men, he turned about 188 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 11. and died on his way back. "Orellana colony, and was the first Australian periodwas very warmly received by armed swift- ical. footed females, which originated the fanci- 1838. ANDREW THOMAS KNIGHT died. ful name.mazonia." His horticultural writings were exceedingly 1676. The Indians assaulted the town beneficial, as well to the gardenersas farmof Plymouth, Mass., and burned 11 houses ers. and 5 barns; and two days after they 1839. THOMAS CooPER,president of South burned 7 houses and 2 barns, and the re- Carolina college, died, aged 80. He wrote maining houses in Namasket. on law, medical jurisprudence and politi1686. OTHO GUERICKE, a Prussian phi- cal economy, and translated Justinian and losopher, died. He was the most celebrated Broussais. mathematician of his time, and invented 1844. STEPHEN WOOD, died at Miami, the air pump. Ohio, aged 82. He was the last survivor 1690. Charlemont, in Ireland, taken by of those who were associated with John the English. Cleves Symmes in the settlement of North 1696. The Reformed Dutch church at Bend. New York incorporated. 1848. An expedition under Sir James 1723. JEAN GUALBERT DE CAMPISTRON, a Ross, sailed for the Arctic regions, in search French poet, died. He is thought to be of Sir John Franklin. little inferior to Racine in the merit of his 1853. PETER HITCHCOCK, an eminent dramatic compositions. civilian, died at Painesville, Ohio, aged 1743. Several tons of leaden pipe were 70. He was a member of the Ohio senate, dug up in Fleet street, London, laid down and of the house of representatives at 300 years before. Washington; also for twenty-five years a 1749. CATHARINE COCKBURN, an English judge of the supreme court of Ohio. poetress, died. She produced the tragedy 1854. The packet Pike, from St Louis of Agnes de Castro in her 17th year, which to Louisville, struck a snag, and sank in a was followed by several others. She pos- few minutes, by which about fifty passengsessed also a great and philosophic mind, ers lost their lives. and wrote an able defence of Locke. 1854, J. DELIUS, of Bremen, assistant 1776. At an action near Charleston, S. professor of English literature at Berlin, C., between count Pulaski and the British, fell into the crater of Vesuvius, and perMajor Huger of the American army was ished there. killed by mistake. 1778. WILLIAM PITT, earl of Chatham, MAY 12. a most illustrious English statesman, died. He was the friend of liberty and justice, 48 B. c. Battle of Pharsalia, between and eloquent in their cause. Caesar and Pompey, in which the latter 1781. Orangeburgh surrendered to the was defeated, and escaped on foot. This American Gen. Sumpter; prisoners taken, battle forms an important era in the his82. tory of the world. 1782. RIcHARD WILSON died; an English 824. PASCHAL I, pope, died; distinguishlandscape painter of great merit. ed for his benevolence and toleration. 1799. PHILIP NICHOLAS PIA, a French 1264. Battle of Lewes and defeat of chemist, died. He was sheriff of Paris, Henry III by Leicester. 1770, and employed his leisure in objects 1294. EDWARD I of England met at Norof benevolence, till the revolution over- ham the states of Scotland, when they acwhelmed him. knowledged his sovereignty, and engaged 1807. Action in the Dardanelles, be- to deliver up to him their castles. tween the Russian and Turkish fleets; 3 1430. The famous JOAN OF ARC, or maid of the latter stranded. of Orleans, pretended to be sent from God 1810. Hastalrick, in Catalonia, evacuated to save the kingdom of France. for want of provisions; the garrison cut 1539. FERDINAND DE SOTO sailed from their way through the French troops. Havana with ten ships for the conquest of 1813. SPENCER PERCEVAL, prime minister Florida. of Great Britain, shot in the lobby of the 1618. The Calvinists of Bohemia entered house of commons. the castle of Prague, cast the leading mem1814. ROBERT TREAT PAINE, one of the bers of the council from the windows, and signers, died. He was a distinguished took possession of the capital. lawyer, of learning and integrity, member 1621. The first marriage in the colony of the first congress, and judge of the su- at Plymouth took place, between Edward preme court of Massachusetts. Winslow and Susanna White. 1821. GEORGE HOWE, editor of the Syd- 1641. THOMAS WENTWORTH, an English ney Gazette, died. His paper commenced statesman under Charles I, beheaded on a in March, 1803, in the 15th year of the false charge of treason. The king was May 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 189 compelled by the clamors of the populace assault, and the French under Soult were to order his execution. compelled to retreat to Amarante. 1663. The books of the London station- 1809. Alcantara, in Spain, taken by a ers company record the names of 59 per- division of the French under Victor, tosons exercising the trade as master printers. gether with the British garrison. 1690. JOHN RUSHWORTH, an English 1848. ALEXANDER BARING, lord Ashburwriter, died in the king's bench prison, ton, died in England, aged 78. He passed where he had been confined 6 years; au- much of his youth in America, and was thor of Historical Collections, in 7 vols. folio. British embassador at Washington, to settle 1763. JOHN JACKSON died; an English the Maine boundary in 1842. He acquired divine and historian, author of Chronologi- great wealth, and was a highly accomcal Antiquities. plished man. 1763. JOHN BELL, the distinguished an- 1848. Posen incorporated with Germany, atomist of Scotland, was born at Edinburgh. and the insurgent Poles disarmed.-Vio1771. CHRISTOPHER SMART, an English lent earthquake at Sienna, Italy. poet and miscellaneous writer, died; known 1849. A crevasse was made in the levee by a popular translation of Horace. By above New Orleans flooding much of the some authorities his death is placed in 1770. city. 1780. Charleston, S. C., surrendered 1854. The British ship Tiger, 16 guns, to the British; 2,500 prisoners and 400 was captured near Odessa by the Russians, cannon fell into the hands of the enemy. with 226 prisoners. 1781. Fort Motte surrendered by the 1855.'D. J. McCoRD, an American lawBritish to the American generals Marion yer, died at Columbia, S. C. He published and Lee. law reports, and edited the Statutes at 1785. Mr. McGuIRE having ascended Large, on the death of Dr. Cooper, to from Dublin in a baloon, was carried with whom the work was first entrusted. great velocity towards the sea, into which he descended, and was taken up nearly MAY 13. lifeless. 1791. FRANCIS GROSE died; author of the 432. B. c. METON, the Athenian astronoClassical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, a mer, began his famous lunar cycle of 19 complete collection of British technicals, years (then marked by successive letters in vulgarisms, and billingsgate used by gam- gold, which are now called the golden blers, ostlers, servants, fishwomen, &c., numbers), with the new moon nearest to which, though not very popular, or credit- the summer solstice falling upon the 16th able to him, is yet quite a curiosity. He of Scirophion. produced some other works of great 48 B. c. POMPEY, in passing through the merit, which mark him a profound anti- Archipelago, stopt at Mitylene to receive quary. his wife, the exemplary Cornelia, and there 1795. EZRA STILES, president of Yale conversed with Cratippus, the philosopher, college, died. He was eminent as a divine, on the nature of providence. and an indefatigable scholar. His publi- 1213. King JOHN received Pandulph, the cations were few, but he left 40 vols. in pope's legate, in whose presence he submanuscript. scribed an instrument by which the sen1796. The French under Bonaparte de- tences of interdict, excommunication and feated the Austrians with great slaughter, deposition were revoked, conditionallythat who were compelled to abandon their guns he reversed all his formeracts of oppression. and baggage, and take refuge under the 1520. Massacre of the Mexicans by Alcannon of Mantua. varado, during the absence of Cortez. This 1797. BONAPARTE took possession of happened on the great festival of their Venice, boasting an independence of four- god Huitzilopochtli, in the month Toxcatl, teen centuries. the emperor being then a prisoner of the 1798. SIDNEY SMITH escaped from France Spaniards in his palace, and the principal after two years imprisonment, nobles gathered there for the dance, when 1809. Vienna capitulated to the French, the Spaniards fell upon them with the utand Napoleon established his head quarters most fury. The victims were unable to in the imperial palace of Schoenbrunn. The defend themselves or escape by flight, and emperor had already quitted it, with' all the slaughter was terrible. An insurrechis family except his daughter the arch- tion immediately followed, and the quartduchess Maria Louisa, afterwards wife of ers of the Spaniards were, assaulted with Napoleon, who was confined to her cham- such determined energy that they were her by sickness-on learning which, Bona- compelled to hasten the return of Cortez, parte ordered that there should be no flr- and led to the disaster of the 1st July (q. v.) ing in that direction. 1539. A bill brought into the English 1809. Lord WELLINGTON took Oporto by parliament vesting in the crown all the 190 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 13. property of the monastic institutions. 1734. JAMES THORNHILL, an eminent This was followed by the fall of 644 mon- English historical painter, died. asteries, 90 colleges, 2,374 chantries, and 1736. The foundation of the Ratcliffe 110 hospitals. The revenue of these estab- library laid at Oxford, England. lishments amounted to ~161,000. 1781. ROGER BYRNE, the Irish giant, 1568. Battle of Langside hill, Mary queen was buried. He weighed with his coffin of Scots defeated by the regent Murray, 578 lbs., and died of no other disease than and fled to England. suffocation occasioned by a superabund1607. Jamestown, Virginia, settled. ance of fat, which stopped the play of his Three small ships, with 105 persons in- lungs, and put a period to his life in the tended to form a settlement, under Sir 54th year of his age. His height, it is be. Christopher Newport, took possession of a lieved, was nearly 8 feet. peninsula in Powhatan river, and gave it 1760. A copy of Tendall's testament the name of Jamestown. Though they had sold at Oxford for 20 guineas, supposed to to strive against appalling difficulties, and be the only copy of that edition unburned were several times on the verge of losing by Tonstall. This book occasioned some or abandoning the enterprise, they were prelates to say that they must root out (ultimately established, mainly through printing or printing would root out them. the great exertions and talents of Capt. 1783. Society of Cincinnati established; John Smith, one of the most remarkable originated by Gen. Knox, and composed persons connected with the early history exclusively of officers who had served in of the country, and indeed one of the most the regular army during the revolutionary remarkable of an age prolific of memorable war. men. Jamestown was for a long time the 1790. Action in the port of Revel, becapital of the state, but has sunk into ruin, tween the Swedish fleet of 23 ships and and is almost desolate. Two or three old 18 frigates, and the Russian fleet of 11 sail houses, the ruins of an old steeple, a and 5 frigates, protected by several batterchurchyard, and faint marks of the rude ies and fortifications. A furious storm fortifications, are the only memorials of raged at the time, which destroyed two its former importance. Swedish ships. 1614. MARGUARD FREHER died. His 1799. BARTHOLOMEW MERCIER, abbot of books on law, criticism and history are St. Leger, died; a learned French author numerous and respectable. and a worthy man, whom the revolution 1619. JOHN VAN OLDENBARNEVELDT, a reduced to poverty and wretchedness. Dutch statesman, beheaded. Zeal for his 1806. Broome county in the state of New country led him to oppose the arbitrary York erected. measures of the stadtholder, for which he 1814. Madam MURAT surrendered the was accused of treason and condemned at fleet and arsenal at Naples, and Ferdinand the age of 72. (See April 14.) returned to his capital. 1625. CHARLES I issued a proclamation 1814. Blritish cannonaded and bombardfor " settling the plantation of Virginia." ed the town of Charlotte at the mouth of The colony was reduced under the imme- Genesee river. It was successfully defended diate direction of the crown, and the com- by Gen. Peter B. Porter, with 150 volunmission to the new governor and council teers and 350 militia. - was accompanied with arbitrary instruc- 1816. Treaty between the United States tions. " The commerce of the colony was and the Sac Indians of Rock river. restrained, and the persons of the colo- 1825. CHARLES WHITWORTH, an English nists enslaved." earl, died; employed by the government 1649. WILLIAM CHAPPEL, bishop of Cork, as ambassador to different courts of Eudied. His works have been translated in- rope-a man of much private worth and to English. To him is ascribed, among unquestioned talent. others, the authorship of the Whole Duty 1832. GEORGE LEOPOLD CUVIER, the of Man. French naturalist, died. His grand work, 1704. Louxs BOUIRDALOUE died; esteemed the Animal Kingdom, forms an imperishable the best preacher that France ever pro- monument of his genius. duced. 1835. ELIZABETH COOK, widow of Capt. 1728. Counsellor HAGEN, formerly se- James Cook, the circumnavigator, died cretary to the famous baron Gortz, shot near London, aged 94. She survived her himself through the head. He left a let- husband 55 years, and was highly esteemter to king George II, and a paper stating ed for her virtues. " I am quite weary of eating and drinking, 1835. JOHN NASH, the architect of Reof shunning my creditors, weary of being gent street, Buckingham palace, &c., Lonburthensome to my friends, weary of being don, died. vexatious to my enemies, and lastly tired 1836. Sir CHARLES WILKINS, an eminent with myself." oriental scholar, died. May 13.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 191 1838. ZACHARY MACAULEY, a distin- flag being struck, after which they were guished philanthropist, — died at London, permitted to proceed aged 70. He edited the Christian Observer 1667. JOAN HENRY URSINUS died; a from 1802 to 1816, with ability, and for Lutheran divine, eminent for his learning more than 40 years dedicated his eminent in sacred and profane history. talents and active energies in conjunction 1692. Sir WILLIAM PH1Ps arrived at Boswith other distinguished men to the aboli- ton with the new charter by William and tion of African slave trade. Mary, where he was received with great 1839. JOSEPH FRESCH, archbishop of pomp, and conducted by the military, Lyons, died. He was the uncle of Bona- magistrates, ministers, and principal men parte, and after the fall of the emperor of the country to the town-house, where resided at Rome in the enjoyment of im- the charter was published. This charter mense wealth, and one of the first picture included the whole of old Massachusetts, galleries in that city. Plymouth colony, the provinces of Maine 1841. The American Bible Society cele- and Nova Scotia, the islands of Elizabeth, brated its 25th anniversary at New York. Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, as the The whole amount of receipts during the province of Massachusetts, of which Phips year preceding, was $118,860-41; the num- was appointed governor. ber of Bibles and testaments published and 1731. A final settlement was made of the circulated through the efforts of the society boundary line between New York and Consince its organization, three millions. necticut; 60,000 acres called the Oblong 1849. A revolution at Carlsruhe, and the being ceded to New York in exchange for grand duke of Baden fled. lands near the sound. 1852. GEORGE DOLLAND, an English as- 1761. THOMAS SIMPSON, an eminent Engtronomer and optician, died, aged 78. His lish mathematician, died. He was a weaver father and grandfather followed the same in the lowest circumstances, who raised pursuits. He is the author of the d.tmo- himself to distinction by close application spheric Recorder. to science. 1780. PETER MONTAN LE BERTON died; MAY 14. an eminent French musician, and manager of the operas at Paris. 1097. The siege of Nice, the Turkish 1781. Lieut. col. CHRISTOPHER GREENE capital of Soliman, sultan of Roum, opened (the conqueror of count Donop) and major by the French crusaders, whose camps FLAG, surprised and murdered at Croton formed an imperfect circle of more than 6 river, by a party of refugees. miles. 1785. Canal opened between the Baltic 1501. AMERIGO VESPUCCI sailed with and North seas. three ships furnished him by Emanuel of 1796. Vaccination for cowpox first apPortugal. This was his third voyage, plied by Dr. Jenner. which he extended as far as Patagonia. 1796. BONAPARTE made his public entry 1602. BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD, after a into Milan under a triumphal arch. passage of 7 weeks direct west from Eng- 1798. DAVID RUHNKENIUS died; profesland, discovered land on the American sor of belles-lettres and history, and libracoast, and fell in with a shallop with sails rian in the university at Leyden, and a and oars, manned by Indians, with whom learned and able critic. they had friendly intercourse. They are 1805. ROBERT BISSET died; a Scottish represented as naked, " save neere their historian, biographer, and novelist. wastes seale skins tyed fast like to Irish 1810. Lerida, in Spain, surrendered to dimmi trouses;" and the chief wore a few the French general Suchet, who found things of European fabric, described the large quantities of stores. Same day, Cacoast with a piece of chalk, and " spake talonians defeated the French, whose loss diverse Christian words." Their vessel is is stated at 45,000, and that of the Catalosupposed to have belonged to some wrecked nians 25,000. fishermen of Biscay. 1814. British fleet on lake Champlain 1610. HENRY IV of France assassinated commenced a heavy cannonade on the by Ravaillac. Above 50 historians and 500 American batteries under colonel Davis, at panegyrists, poets and orators, have spoken the mouth of Otter creek. The British in his praise; but the Henriade of Voltaire were compelled to retreat. is the most likely to immortalize him. 1814. French defeated at Madrid by lord 1652. British commodore YOUNG fell in Wellington. with a Dutch convoy, and demanded that 1814. Spanish squadron belonging to according to an act of king John (A. D. Monte Video, defeated by the Buenos' 1200) they should strike their flag to the Ayrean squadron under corn. Brown. British flag. This being refused, a severe 1820. HENRY GRATTAN, an Irish statesaction ensued, which ended in the Dutch man, died. He warmly espoused the in 192 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 14. terests of his country, and many import- 1679. The Ashmolean museum, at Oxant measures were effected by his elo- ford, England, founded for the purpose of quence. receiving the antiquary's " twelve cartloads 1826. State prison at Sing Sing, New of rarities." York, commenced. 1716. JOHN BAGFORD, an English antiquary, died. He was originally a shoeMAY 15. maker, became a bookseller, and an amateur of old English books and curious 164 B. c. The Jews, upon the 15th Sivan, prints, with which he enriched several celebrate a feast for the victory of Judas famous libraries. Maccabaeus over the people of Bethsan, or 1719. FRANCIS MALAVAL died; a FrenchScythopolis. man, who, although he lost his sight when 67. VESPASIAN invested Jotopata, in Ga- 9 months old, acquired celebrity as a myslilee, defended by Josephus, the historian, tical writer on quietism. a very interesting siege as it respects the 1737. ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, a Scotlatter. tish historian, died. He wrote a valuable 392. VALENTINIAN, emperor of Rome, History of Great Britain in Latin, which strangled at Vienne, in Milan, by order of remained in manuscript till 1787, when it Arbogastes, his rebellious general. was translated by Thompson, and pub1213. King JOHN, oppressed with guilt lished in 2 vols. quarto. and despair, resigned the kingdoms of 1740. EPHRAIM CHAMBERS, an English England and Ireland to the pope, to be encyclopedist, died. He was apprenticed held of him and of the Roman church in to a globemaker, and during his minority fee, by the annual rent of 1,000 marks. projected his Dictionary of the Arts and 1464. Battle of Hexham, on the banks of Sciences, which appeared in 1728 in 2 vols. the Dilswater, and defeat of the Lancas- folio. It was extended by Dr. Rees to 45 trians under the duke of Somerset, by Ed- vols. quarto. ward IV. The fate of the royal family af- 1747. British fleet under Anson captured ter this defeat was extremely singular and 1 French ship of 74 guns, 5 of 64, 4 of 60, distressing. 1 of 50, and 20 merchantmen. 1494. COLUMBUS discovered a great num- 1766. JOHN ASTRUC, a French physician, ber of small islands in the West Indies, died; author of several useful and curious which he called the Queen's Garden. These works. were in his opinion the 5,000 islands which 1772. ANTONY FRANCIS RICCOBONI died; Marco Polo and Mandeville described as an Italian actor, author of Art du Theatre, the boundary of India. a work of great merit. 1548. The emperor CHARLES V laid be- 1773. ALBAN BUTLER died; director of fore the diet of Augsburg a rule of faith, the English college of St. Omer's, and auwhich he compelled them to acquiesce in, thor of the Lives of the Fathers, Saints and notwithstanding that it was disapproved by Martyrs, with valuable notes. both protestants and papists. 1775. Congress resolved to issue paper 1567. Marriage of Mary, queen of Scots, money. and the earl of Bothwell. 1776. American fort at the Cedars, 43 1571. Moscow burnt by the Tartars, who miles above Montreal, surrendered by maj. had surrounded the city, and set it on fire Butterfield, with 390 men, to capt. Foster, at all points. The entire city was burnt with 650 British and Indians. (See May down, and upwards of 200,000 of the in- 20, 27.) habitants perished in the flames. 1781. Fort Granby surrendered by the 1602. BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD, in search British to col. Lee. of a suitable place to settle a plantation, 1789. The number of emigrants which discovered a head land in 42 deg., where had passed through Muskingum to settle he came to anchor; and taking a great in Kentucky since the first of Aug., 1786, number of cod at this place, they called it (not including those who passed in the cape Cod, which name it still retains. night unnoticed) was 19,882. These were 1618. The celebrated KEPLER discovered accompanied by 8,884 horses, 2,297 cattle, his canon for the periodical motion of the 1,920 sheep, 627 wagons, and 1,067 boats. planets. 1800. JAMES MALLET DU PAN died in 1645. Battle of Alderne, in which the England, where he took refuge from the earl of Montrose defeated the Scots under revolutionary mania of France. He was a Urrey with great slaughter. literary and political writer, distinguished 1664. The Dutch governor surrendered by the extent of his knowledge and vigor the island of Cayenne to the French,'by of style, as well as probity and independtreaty. ence of character. 1674. Besangon, an ancient city of 1800. BONAPARTE crossed the mount St, France, taken by Louis XIV. Bernard. Each man, says sir Walter Scott, May 15.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 193 carried from sixty to eighty pounds, up icy 1855. A destructive tornado swept over precipices, where a man totally without a portion of Lapeer county, Michigan. encumbrance could ascend but slowly. Probably no troops but the French could have endured the fatigue of such a march; MAY, 16. and no other general than Bonaparte would have ventured to require it at their 1277. JOHN XXI, pope, killed by the fall hands. of a building. He was a Portuguese, and 1802. The Portuguese frigate Cine cap- wrote on philosophy, medicine, &c. tured by the Algerines, after a smart action. 1525. THOMAS MUNZER, a Saxon divine, The crew having ran below, the officers executed. In conjunction with Stork, he were all cut to pieces. pulled down all the images in the churches 1814. The British plundered Poultney- which Luther had left standing, and finalville, on lake Ontario. They were driven ly at the head of 40,000 men, commenced off by general Swift. leveler of all ranks and distinctions, as 1817. DAVID IRVING died at Philadelphia. usurpations on the rights of mankind. He He was taken prisoner on board the United was at length defeated in battle, when States frigate Philadelphia at Tripoli and 7,000 of his followers were slain and himimprisoned there tivo years. self captured. 1821. JOHN WALL CALLCOTT died; an 1568. MARY, queen of Scots, crossed English musical composer, and author of the frith of Solway, the irremeable stream, a Musical Grammar. and landed in England. 1821. JOHN BONNYCASTLE died; an Eng- 1681. Female dancers first introduced on lish mathematician, whose works are in the Parisian stage, in a court opera, called use in this country. He contributed the Le Triumphe de l'.dmour. mathematical articles for Rees's Cyclo- 1691. LEISLER and MIILBOURNE hung as pedia. the cause of the Schenectady massacre. 1830. An extensive shower of red dust 1710. THOMAS SMITH died; a learned extending over Italy, Malta, Sicily, Sar- English writer on the manners and religion dinia, &c., observed by Dr. John Davy. of the Turks, &c. 1833. EDMUND KEAN, a celebrated Eng- 1725. PAUL DE RAPIN DE THOYRAS, an lish tragedian, died. It is ascertained that eminent French historical writer, died. He the total sum which he received for acting served in the English army, and devoted from 1814, was ~177,000, averaging nearly 17 years to a History of England, which $40,000 per annum for 19 years; yet he was published in 10 vols. quarto. died poor. 1747. M. BUFFON, the celebrated natural1836. The village of Roanoke, on the ist, communicated to the Academy of sciChatahoochee, Ga., attacked and stormed ences the results of some experiments on by 300 Indians, and burnt to ashes. burning glasses, asserting the account of 1838. JOHN MURPHY died in Fauquier Archimedes burning the Roman ships at county, Va., aged 106. Syracuse, were neither absurd nor false. 1847. DANIEL O'CONNEL, the Irish agita- 1770. Louis XVI of France espoused tor, died at Genoa, on his way to Rome. Maria Antoinette, archduchess of Austria. His heart was sent forward and his body A violent tempest on that day was regardcarried back to Ireland. ed as an omen of future misfortunes. 1848. Attempted communist counter re- 1776. The French navigator, DE PAGES, volution in Paris. passed the 81st degree of north latitude, 1848. RICHARD H. TOLER, a distinguished in an attempt to reach the pole. writer and for 23 years editor of the Lynch- 1776. JOHN HOADLEY, an English poet burgh Virginian, died at Richmond. and dramatic writer, died. He was the 1854. GEORGE PERKINS, a retired Boston son of bishop' Hoadley, took orders and merchant, was murdered by the Chinese was loaded with preferments. crew of a boat which he had engaged to 1782. DANIEL CHARLES SOLADER, a cetake him ashore at Macao, whither he had lebrated Swedish naturalist, died. He was just arrived from San Francisco. the pupil of Linnaeus; visited England, 1854. The ship Townsend, from Boston and went with Cook on his voyage round to San Franisco destroyed by fire, and the world. several lives lost. 1793. EDMUND C. GENET, the French 1854. An explosion took place in the minister, arrived at Philadelphia. He was Blackheath coal mines, Virginia; by which received with much enthusiasm by the of the twenty-three workmen only one citizens. (See July 14.) escaped death. 1795. The Batavian republic formed, boy 1855. The universal industrial exhibi- the aid of the French, in imitation of tion was opened at Paris by Louis Napo- France; being governed by a legislature leon. and a directory of five. 25 194 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 16. 1796. Earthquake in Syria; Lataka, the 1855. General CANROBERT resigned the ancient Laodicea, was laid in ruins, and command of the French troops in the more than 3,000 persons buried under the Crimea, and was succeeded by general Pefallen mass. The village of Gibel was to- lissier. tally destroyed, and many houses in Tripoli were tumbled down. 1801. Battle of Heliopolis; the French MAY 17. under Belliard defeated by the Turks under the grand vizier. 1039. HAROLD I, the second Danish 1806. Blockade of the Elbe and of Brest, monarch of England, died, at Oxford. A a coast of 1000 miles, with no place in- heavy tax which he imposed on his people vested by land, and before many of the made him unpopular. He was buried at ports no blockading ships. Winchester; but by the cruel edicts of his 1809. The rear guard of the French brother the body was dug up, beheaded army attacked at Salamonde in Portugal, and thrown into the Thames; recovered and compelled to retreat before superior and again buried only to be a second time forces, with the loss of their artillery and disinterred and committed to the Thames; baggage; having lost about 8,000 men, found and privately buried at West2,000 of whom were slaughtered by the minster.' + PortugueSe. The army was a fortnight 1163. HELOISE, abbess of the Paraclete, without clothing, shoes, provisions, &c., died; celebrated as the mistress of Abelard, excepting those procured by marauding, and for her learning. She was entombed and they must all have been destroyed bit with her husband. At the dissolution of for the great military talents of Soult. the monasteries in 1792, the principal in1811. BatUe of Albuera, in Spain; the habitants of Nogent-sur-Seine went in allies defeated by the French under Soult; grand procession to the Paraclete, to transabout 20,000 men fell in this battle. fer the remains of the lovers to a vault in 1811. Action between the United States their church. In 1800 they were transfrigate President, Rogers, and British ship ported to Paris, and one of the most picLittle-Belt, which was captured. turesque and interesting ornaments in the 1813. Battle of Mignano, Italy, and de- cemetery of Pere la Chaise, is the sepulchral feat of the French. chapel covering their remains, constructed 1828. WILLIAM CONGREVE, a British of- from the ruins of the Paraclete. ficer, died; inventor of the Congreve 1498. VASQUEZ DE GAMA discovered the rocket, a hydro-pneumatic canal lock, and continent of India. On his return he again a new method of manufacturing gun pow- doubled cape Good Hope, which had long der, &c. been regarded as the ne plus ultra of navi1830..The bill to remove the civil dis- gation. abilities of the Jews rejected in the British 1536. GEORGE BOLEYN, an English statesparliament by a vote of 288 to 165. man, beheaded. He was a man of learn1830. Great eruption of mount ZEtna; ing and ability, whose elevation followed seven new craters were formed, and eight that of his sister Anne as queen; and when villages were destroyed, to which the lava she fell, he too was degraded and unjustly had never before extended. condemned. 1835. FELICIA DOROTHEA HEMANS, a ce- 1575. MATTHEW PARKER, second protestlebrated English poetess, died. Her poems ant archbishop of Canterbury, died. He were extremely popular during her life- was deeply versed in Saxon literature and time, and have been published in 2 vols. published a work on the antiquity of the 1838. New York state banks resumed English church. specie payment. 1610. GERVASE BABINGTON died; bishop 1841. A constitution of the republic of of Worcester and an eminent theological Yucatan decreed by the legislature and writer. published at Merida, the capital; Yucatan 1617. JACOB AUGUSTUS THUANUS (alias having declared its absolute independence De Thou) died; an illustrious French of the republic of Mexico. statesman and historian. 1842. Count DE LAS CASAs, author of 1664. The English conventicle act was the Memoirs of Napoleon, died near Paris. passed forbidding more than five persons 1849. The city of Bologna capitulated meeting for' religious purposes except those to the Austrians after a conflict of eight days. regulated by the book of common prayer. 1850. WILLIAM HENDRICKS, for some time 1690. A party of French and Indians governor of Indiana, died at Madison, under the sieur Hertel, returning from a aged 67. marauding excursion among the English 1854. Tornadoes occurred in Alabama, settlements, attacked and destroyed the Missouri and Illinois, accompanied with fort at Casco, Me. extensive damage to property. 1723. JOSEPH BINGHAM, an English ec May 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 195 clesiastic, died; author of Antiquities of feated by the French after a sanguinary the Christian Church, a learned and labori- conflict. ous work, in 10 vols. 1797. Revolution in Venice, and a de1727. CATHARINE ALEXIEVNA, empress mocratic government formed under the of Russia, died. She was the daughter of direction of the French general Angereau. a peasant of Livonia, married a Swedish 1797. Louis XVIII compelled to quit the dragoon, who was killed on the same day Venetian territory. in battle. The Russian general Bauer made 1797. MICHEL JEAN SEDAINE, a French her his mistress, after which she lived a dramatic writer, died, aged 78. Bred to. short time with prince Mentschicoff. In the occupation of a stone mason, by apher 17th year she became the mistress of plication to study he won a place in the Peter the Great, who afterwards married French academy. her and presented her with the diadem 1801. A French convoy of 560 men with and the sceptre. After his death she was 1 cannon and 550 camels, in Egypt, capproclaimed sovereign empress of all the tured by the British. Russias, and showed herself worthy of her 1801. WILLIAM IIEBERDEN died; anEnghigh fortune. lish physician and medical writer. 1729. SAMUEL CLARKE, a famous English 1809. BONAPARTE issued from Vienna a divine, died; celebrated also for his writ- decree declaring the temporal sovereignty ings on mathematics, &c. of the pope to be wholly at an end, and 1732. WILLIAM LOWTH died; a celebrat- incorporating Rome with the French emed English theological writer and com- pire. The "holy father" instantly fulmimentator. nated a bull of excommunication against 1738 o.Ts. BELL, the Scottish traveler, the daring emperor, but it did not avail; returned to St. Petersburg from his em- his holiness was taken in his palace and bassy to Constantinople, whither he went conveyed away at midnight, under pretence at the earnest solicitation of the Russian that a life so sacred in the eyes of all Chriscabinet, and the British minister. This tians, might be endangered! was the last of his expeditions, and was 1817. SAMUEL JEsSUP died; an opulent undertaken in the midst of winter, through English grazier, of pilltaking notoriety. a country exposed to all the horrors of a An apothecary's bill, which was given in barbarous warfare, attended by only one evidence on a trial a short time previous servant, who understood the Turkish lan- to his death, affords a table of statistics guage. which will not be exceeded by the memo1740. PETER JULIAN ROUILLE, a French rabilia of the life of any man. In 21 years Jesuit, died; professor of theology and he took 226,934 pills. He began with a philosophy to his order, and co-editor of moderate appetite, which increased as he the Roman History, 21 vols. quarto. proceeded, so that in the last five.years he 1742. Battle of Czaslau, or Chatusitz, in took them at the rate of 78 a day, and in Bohemia; the Prussians defeated the Aus- the year 1814 swallowed not less than 51,trians, who lost 7,000; Prussian loss, 3,000. 590. Notwithstanding this, and a i addi1749. SAMUEL BoYSE, an Irish poet, tion of 40,000 bottles of mixtures, he atdied. His talents were amply rewarded, tained the advanced age of 65 years. but he unfortunately had a disposition to 1829. JOHN JAY, a distinguished Amerpractice the meanest deceptions to pro- ican statesman, died, aged 84. His public cure benefactions, which brought him to services commenced in 1774, and continuwretchedness and contempt. ed till 1801, when he retired to private 1767. RoGER WOLCOTT, governor of Con- life; distinguished as a man of great disnecticut, died. He never attended school cernment, extensive information, and fine a single day of his life, yet gradually rose talents as a writer. by -his own efforts to the highest military 1829. Battle between the Russians under and civil honors. general Diebitsch, and the Turks; the lat1772. The theatre at Amsteidam, in ter of whom, 5,000 in number, were deHolland, took fire and burned to death 31 feated and driven into Silhstria, with heavy persons. losses on both sides. 1774. At a town meeting of the inhabit- 1829. Battle of Pravadia, between the ants of Providence, R. I., the subject of a Russian army under general Roth, and the general congress was acted upon, being the Turks under the grand vizier. The Turks first act of the kind by a public assemblage. are said to have lost 2,000, and the Rus1776. Captain MUGFORD in a vessel of 4 sians 1,000. The latter maintained their guns captured British ship Hope, 4 guns, ground, but no important advantage was with 1,500 barrels powder and military gained by either party. stores, and brought her into the port of 1831. NATHANIEL ROCHESTER, an officer Boston. in the revolution, died at Rochester, New 1794. Battle of Surcoign; British de- York, from whom the town took its name. 196 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 17. 1838. CHARLES MAURICE DE TALLEYRAND 1565. The Turks under Mustapha, pasha, PERIGORD, one of the most distinguished to the number of 30,000 choice troops, statesmen and diplomatists of modern landed on the island of Malta, with a view times, died at Paris, aged 84. His name to extirpate the knights. But the desperwas intimately associated with French ate resistance they encountered compelled politics, from the commencement of the them to abandon the island with the loss revolution in 1789. of 25,000 men. Loss of the knights 1841. About 250 feet of the cliff on 7,000. which the defences of the city of Quebec 1596. HEEMSKERK, accompanied by Jan stand, fell away, causing the ruin of sev- Cornelissen Ryp, with two vessels again eral buildings, and the death of about 30 attempted the discovery of a northern passpersons. age to India. In this voyage he became 1843. PETER W. GALLAUDET died at embayed in ice, and passed the winter in Washington, D. C., aged 88. The Wash- the arctic regions, exposed to the rigors of ington manual laborer school and the the climate, and other perils. The ill sucHoward institution can bear testimony to cess of this expedition destroyed all hope his industry and patriotism. with the Dutch of finding a northern pass1848. Massacre in Naples, justified by age to China. the king, on the ground of necessity; 1652. Naval action near Dover, England; 1777 bodies were found, 400 troops killed, admiral Van Tromp refusing to pay honor and the city given up to pillage. to the British flag by lowering his own, 1849. A severe and very destructive fire brought on a furious battle between him at St. Louis, Missouri. and admiral Blake. One of the Dutch 1850. Gallinas, the noted slave factory ships taken, and one sunk. on the west of Africa, purchased by the 1663. SAMUEL DES MARETS, a French Liberian republic. protestant divine, died; celebrated for his 1856. REDwooD FISHER, an American controversies, in which he was diligently author, died, aged 73. He began business engaged 18 years, and displayed astonishas a merchant in Philadelphia; subse- ing knowledge and erudition. quently edited a daily paper in New York, 1664. " His sacred majesty," Charles II, and took an active part in public affairs. advertised that he would attend to healing He published several volumes on political his people of the king's evil, by touching, economy, and was much interested in during the month of May. statisticS. 1675. STANIsLAUS LUBIENIETSKI, a celebrated Polish Socinian,died in exile atHamMAY 18. burg. His theological works are numerous, but he is better known by a work on com975. EDWARD (the martyr), murdered ets, entitledTheatrumCometicum, which was by his step-mother. He was the son of written to show that comets portend both king Edgar who enacted laws against ex- good and evil, in opposition to the precessive drinking, ordaining a size with vailing notion that they were the harbingpins in the cup with penalties on any who ers of misfortune only! It contained an should presume to drink deeper than the elaborate account of all the comets recordmark. Hence the phrase drinking deep. ed in history (415), down to the year 1665. 1291. The city of Acre, in Palestine, 1676. Indian battle at Turner's falls, on taken by'the Turks; after a siege of 30 Connecticut river above Greenfield. The days the double wall was forced by the Indians having planted nothing, were unMoslems, the principal tower yielded to willing to lose the fishing season also, and their engines, thh Mamelukes made a gen- had encamped here in great security; eral assault, the city was stormed, and when three of the towns below hearing of death or slavery was the lot of 60,000 their position mustered about 150 men, Christians, and the Holy Land was again mounted on horses, and set out for their in the hands of the Turks. camp. Arriving towards morning, they 1410. ROBERT, emperor of Germany, tied their horses, and proceeding about a died, just as a powerful combination had quarter of a mile farther, found them been formed to deprive him of the crown. sleeping in their huts, without any senti1539. FERDINAND DE SOTO, governor of nels or guard. The attack was so sudden Cuba, sailed for the conquest of Florida and unexpected that they fled, many into with nine vessels, 900 men besides sailors, the river where they perished, and others 213 horses and a herd of swine. He land- were killed under the banks where they ed on the west coast of the peninsula, with had concealed themselves. The Indians 300 men, and pitched his camp; but about at first supposed they had received a visit day break the next morning they were at- from theirfriends the Mohawks, but the tacked by the natives, and obliged to re- daylight disclosing the error, and the fewtire, ness of their assailants, they rallied and May 18.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 197 turned upon their pursuers. The English lawyer of Massachusetts, died. He was 11 retreated in turn, unable to resist the su- years speaker of the assembly, and during peribrity of numbers, and not managing a practice of thirty-two years, argued their retreat well, thirty-eight were cut off 15,000 causes. and lost. The Indians acknowledged a 1822. ITURBIDE declared emperor of loss of 300. Mexico by the army under the title of Au1692. ELIAS ASHMOLE, a noted English gustin I. antiquary, died. His valuable collection 1832. CASSIMIR PERRIER, prime minister of coins, to the number of 9,000 besides of France, died. He left the army in 1800 books and other curiosities, were de- to become a banker, in which capacity he stroyed by fire; but his most valuable gold acquired an immense fortune, with the coins and manuscripts escaped. He was advantages of which he combined great an indefatigable laborer in the cause of mental capacity, talent for business and science. habits of public speaking. He was one of 1701. FREDERICK SPANHEIM died; a not- the few victims of cholera in the higher ed divinity professor at Leyden, and a ranks of life. voluminous writer. 1843. CHARLES BAGOT, governor-general 1724. Cardinal VINCENT MARIA ORSINI of the British North American provinces, elected pope and took the name of Bene- died at Kingston, in Canada. dict XIII. 1848. Commander HENRY PINCXNEY, Of 1733. EDMUND CHISHULL, an English the United States navy, was drowned by traveler, died; author of a book of travels the swamping of a boat. in Turkey. 1850. Great fire at the village of Corning, 1742. RICHARD JOY (the English Samson), Chemung county, New York. died; a man of wonderful strength. 1855. JOHN C. SPENCER, an American 1769. Virginia entered into the non- statesman, died at Albany, aged 67. He importation agreement. was a man of intellect and energy, and 1773. Boundary line between New York was in public life from an early age. He and Massachusetts agreed upon. achieved his highest fame from his con1787. First attempt made to engrave on nection with the revision of the statutes of glass by M. de Puymaurin, at Toulouse. New York. 1794. Battle of Bullion; French under Jourdan defeated by the Austrians under Beaulieu with the loss of 1,200 killed. MAY 19. 1794. Battle of Tournay; British defeated by the French. 804. FLACCUS ALCUINUS, an English 1794. Battle of Lannoy, in.France, be- ecclesiastic, died in France. Hle may be tween the French under Pichegru, and the considered as one of the learned few British under the duke of York; the latter whose genius dissipated the gloom of the defeated with the loss of sixty pieces of 8th century. His writings, most of which cannon. are extant, were published 16174See Dec.l) 1800. PETER ALEXIS WASILIoWITSCH, 1122. Lincoln in England destroyed by count Suwaroff-Rimnitskoy, died; a Rus- fire. sian general, known in the wars of Europe 1217. Battle of Lincoln; the French as Gen. Suwarrow; distinguished for his defeated, and England effectually secured bravery and abilities, and equally so for his from the dominion of Lewis the Dauphin, inhumanities. who was then holding his court within the 1803. War was again declared between walls of London. France and England. Who, asked Bona- 1218. OTHO IV (the proud), emperor of parte, is responsible for the consequences. Germany, died. He laid claim to some of Ah! who indeed. the territories of the pope, by whom he 1804. The conservative senate of France was excommunicated and deposed. declared Bonaparte emperor. 1242. HENRY III of England embarked 1805. Battle of Derne, in Barbary, which for France, taking with him 30 hhds of was attacked by the Tripolitan army, and silver. defended by the American general Eaton, 1494. COLUMBUS, proceeding towards who repulsed the assailants with great Cuba, named the headland Cabo de Cruz slaughter. on this day. He now ascertained from the 1807. JOHN DOUGLAS, bishop of Salis- natives that Cuba was an island, but after bury, died. He was one of the first literary coasting it 335 leagues from the eastern characters of the age, and the last surviv- point, renounced the idea; and but for ing member but one of the beef steak club, the scarcity of provisions, would have celebrated by Goldsmith in his poem of attempted to return to Europe by way of Retaliation. the Red sea, under the impression that he 1821. TIMOTHY BIGELOW, an eminent was on the coast of India. 198 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 19. 1536. ANNE BOLEYN, queen of England, with whom he lived in the closest intiexecuted. She was crowned at Westmin- macy. ster 1533 with unparalleled splendor, and 1795. JosIAH BARTLETT, one of the in a few weeks after became the mother of signers, died. He was a delegate from the famous Elizabeth. New Hampshire in the first congress, and 1610. THOMAS SANCHEZ,a Spanish Jesuit, his was the first name called on the vote died, and was buried with extraordinary of the declaration of independence. magnificence. His works are ingenious. 1798. BONAPARTE with an immense 1613. King JAMES issuedfarthing tokens armament sailed from Toulon for the conby proclamation. quest of Egypt. The sunrise was splendid 1622. OSMAN I, sultan of Turkey, and similar phenomena were called the strangled by his soldiery. He undertook suns of Napoleon. an expedition against Poland, in which he 1798. Intelligence having been received lost 80,000 men and 100,000 horses; these by the British that a number of transports misfortunes were attributed to the Janiza- fitted out at Flushing were intended to be ries, who thereupon hurled him from the sent round by the canals to Ostend and throne. Dunkirk, for the purpose of invading Eng1643. Battle of Rocroy, between the land, an expedition was despatched to deFrench and Spaniards, in which the French stroy the sluices and basin of the Bruges under the duke d'Enghein gained a signal canal at Ostend. The direction of the envictory. terprise was entrusted to general Coote and 1651. PETER WRIGHT, chaplain to the captain Home Popham, who on this day marquis of Winchester, executed. Ro- disembarked their troops, and in a few manist priests were viewed in the same hours the sluices were blown up, and sevlight as highway robbers. eral vessels in the canals destroyed; but 1656. JOHN HALES died; an English on returning to the beach, the wind and author, so much admired for his wit and surf were so high, that it was impossible learning, that he is called the ever memorable. to re-embark; meanwhile the country be1670. FERDINANDO UGHELI, a Florentine ing alarmed, the enemy advanced upon monk, died; distinguished for his learn- them with a superior force, and the British, ing and his virtues. after a spirited resistance, were compelled 1676. JOHN GREENHILL died; an eni- to capitulate. Of 1000 forces landed more nent English painter. than 100 were killed or wounded, among 1692. Battle of La Hogue; the combined whom was general Coote. English and Dutch fleets defeated the 1808. Action in the night between BritFrench of 50 sail, who lost 20 of their ish ship Virginia, and Dutch frigate Gel. largest men of war, and were prevented derland; the latter captured. from making a descent on England. 1810. Explosion of a powder magazine 1715. CHARLES MONTAGUE, earl Halifax, at New Haswell in Hungary, which dedied; an eminent English statesman, ora- stroyed 300 houses, killed 80 persons, and tor and poet. 300 were dug out of the ruins alive. 1769. Caudinal GANGANELLI proclaimed 1831. FRANCIS MASERES, an English pope under the title of Clement XIV. ~ mathematician, died, aged 93. He was 1776. Captain MUGFORD having secured not only an author, but devoted a part of his prize (see May 17) and put to sea his income to reprinting such works as he again, was attacked by 13 British boats, thought useful either in illustration of whom he beat off; but was himself killed, mathematical history or of that of his being the only person injured. country. Penny Cyclopedia says 1824, 1780. Dark day in New England, occa- which agrees with the 93 years from sioned by a thin cloud or- vapor. The the date of his birth. people dined by candlelight, and the dark- 1838. THOMAS T. BIDDULPH, an eminent ness of the night is represented as Egyptian. English clergyman, died. He was the au1788. SAMUEL BADCOCK, an English di- thor of various publications, one of which. vine and writer, died; admired as a Sixteen Short Sermons, has been translated pulpit orator and a man of literary talent. into 15 languages. 1788. Congress ordered two cannon to 1850. A body of Americans under gen. be named, one John Hancock, and the Paredez landed on the island of Cuba, other Adams; being one moiety of four with a view to revolutionize it, and took cannon which constituted the whole train the town of Cardenas. of artillery possessed by the colonies at 1853. The Ohinese rebels captured the the commencement of the war. The other city of Amoy. two were taken by the British. 1854. WILLIAM HULME COOPER, a lieuten1795. JAMES BOSWELL, died, aged 55; a ant in the British navy, died, aged 26, Scottish lawyer, rendered famous as the from the effects of exposure and privation friend and biographer of Dr. Johnson, during four years arctic service in search May 19.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 199 of sir John Franklin. He commanded a 1713. THOMAS SPRAT, an English prelate cutter in an expedition from Icy cape to and poet, died; he was distinguished as the Mackenzie; for three days he was a writer, and rewarded with preferments. lost in a snow storm, and for two winters 1726. NICHOLAS BRADY died; an Irish he and his boat's crew were isolated near divine of good ability and learning, transthe northern shores of America. The lated Virgil and wrote a new version of hardships he endured caused the pulmo- the Psalms in conjunction with Tate. nary disease of which he died. 1728. JAMES LE QU1EN DE LA NEUFVILLE, 1856. JOHN KEATING died at Philadel- a French historian, died; author of an phia, aged 96. He was a native of France excellent history of Portugal, &c. and in early life was an officer in the ser- 1732. THOMAS BOSTON, a Scottish divine, vice of Louis XVI. He came to the died; author of the well known book, United States after the death of that mon- Human Nature in its Fourfold State.'arch, with about thirty families of the 1735. The Turks defeated by the PrusFrench noblesse and military, and found- sians, and more than 60,000 killed and ed the colony of The Asylum, near Tow- wounded. anda, in Pennsylvania. 1736. The body of one Samuel Baldwin, of England, in compliance with his will, immersed in the sea at Lymington. His MAY 20. motive for this extraordinary mode of interment was to prevent his wife from 526. Earthquake at Antioch, by which dancing over his grave, which she had 250,000 persons are said to have perished. threatened to do in case she survived him. 1499. ALONZO DE OJEDA sailed from Ca- 1756. Naval action at Fort Philip, Mindiz on a western voyage of discovery, orca, between the French fleet, 12 ships 5 accompanied by Amerigo Vespucci. It is frigates, and the British, 13 ships. 5 friguncertain in what station Amerigo sailed, ates. Admiral Byng was afterwards shot but he appears to have had a chief share in England, on an unjust charge of cowin directing the voyage, and on his return ardice in this affair. published an amusing account of the coun- 1758. The scenery and wardrobe of the try they visited; which having a rapid Bath theatre burned by the wagons taking circulation, he was suppbsed to be the fire on which it was being transported over discoverer, and it came gradually to be Salisbury plain. called by his name. 1774. British parliament passed an act 1506. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS, the dis- for transporting Americans to England for coverer of the new world, died at Valla- trial. dolid in Spain, aged about 70. He had 1775. Articles of confederation and undevoted his whole life to the study and ion agreed on by the American colonies. accomplishment of his grand enterprise, 1776. Major SHERBURNE, with 140 and its complete success embittered the Americans, marching to relieve the post at remainder of his days by exciting the per- the Cedars, in Canada, was attacked by fidy and ingratitude of a base and treach- 500 Indians, and after an obstinate battle, erous nation. the party surrendered. The Indians havy1521. CORTEZ mustered his army in the ing lost a chief and 21 warriors, massagreat market place of Tezcuco, to make a cred as many prisoners. division of it, appoint commanders, assign 1778. Gen. GRANT with 7000 British, to each the station where they were to made an attempt to surprise La Fayette, form their camps, in order to invest the then posted at Barren-hill, Pa., with 2500 city of Mexico. (See May 30.) men. The latter escaped by a masterly 1610. NICHOLAS SERARIUS, a French retreat. Jesuit, died. His works, 16 vols. folio, 1783. WILLIAM ROBERTSON, the Scottish display great labor and extensive erudi- divine, died. tion. 1789. The French clergy renounced 1618. King JAMES publicly declared his their privileges. pleasure, "that after the end of divine 1793. CHARLES BONNET, a noted Swiss service, the people should not be letted naturalist, died at Geneva. from any lawful recreation on Sundays, 1796. BONAPARTE passed the river Po; such as dancing, archery, vaulting, May- MARcEAU and CHAMPIONNET drove the games, Whitsun-ales, morris-dances, and Austrians from Hunsruch; they were also the setting up of May-poles, and other defeated on the Sieg, with the loss of sports therewith used." 2400. 1690. JOHN ELIOT, the apostle of the 1799. BONAPARTE raised the siege of St. Indians, died, aged 86. He was the first Jean d'Acre; it had lasted 60 days. protestant clergyman who preached the 1799. JOSEPH TOWERS died; a printer, gospel to the North American Indians. bookseller, and afterwards a preacher with 200 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 20. the title of LL. D. He wrote British Bio- 1542. FERDINAND DE SOTO, a Spanish graphy, 7 vols. and other works of merit. adventurer, died at the confluence of the 1800. BONAPARTE passed mount St. Guacoya and Mississippi. He was a comBernard, among the Alps, after astonish- panion of Pizarro in his Peruvian expediing efforts. tion, and amassed great wealth; after 1813. Battle of Bautzen, between Rus- which he became governor of Cuba. He sians and Prussians under Barclay de Tolly,' fitted out an expedition to search Florida and French under Bonaparte. for more gold, and lost his life. 1813. American frigate Congress, capt. 1643. Battle of Wakefield; the forces Smith, captured British brig Jean, 10 guns, of Charles I defeated by the parliamentary took out 40 tons copper and sunk her. troops. 1815. MURAT, king of Naples, left the 1647. PETER CORNELIUS HOOFT, one of city in disguise, while his queen sought the most eminent poets and prose writers the security which had been promised her of Holland, died. on board a British man of war. 1649. The commonwealth of England 1820. CHARLES LOUIS SAND executed; proclaimed. the murderer of Kotzebue. 1650. JAMES GRAHAM, marquis of Mont1840. JOSEPH BLANCO WHITE, an English rose, executed. He fought with great preacher and controversial writer, died, bravery in the royal cause; but being at aged 67. He was the author of various length captured he was hung on a gallows works, and distinguished himself by the 30 feet high at Edinburgh, and his quarzeal and ability with which he opposed tered iemains exposed over the city gates. the catholic religion. 1682. MICHAEL ANGELO RICCI, an Italian 1841. WILLIAM P.DEwEES, a distinguish- cardinal, died; celebrated as a mathemaed medical writer, died at Philadelphia. tician. 1848. A treaty of peace made with the 1718. GASPARD ABEILLE, a French poet Navajo Indians and the United States. and wit, died. His writings are not much 1855. The king of Hanover issued an esteemed, ordinance annulling the constitution set- 1723. JAMES MABOUL, an eloquent French tled in 1848, and the provincial electoral preacher, died; author of Orationes Funelaw of 1850. bres. 1856. JAMES KING, editor of the Even- 1724. ROBERT HARLEY, earl of Oxford, ing Mirror, at San Francisco, California, died; an English statesman and literary died of a pistol wound inflicted in the character. street a few days before by Casey, editor of 1745. British squadron captured French the Sunday Times. Casey was arrested ship Vigilant, 64 guns, and 560 men, with and conveyed to jail under great popular a cargo valued at ~60,000. excitement. Subsequently the vigilance 1762. British ships Active and Favorite committee, numbering 3000 men, proceed- captured the Spanish ship Hermione from ed to the jail, and took Casey and another Lima, with a cargo of $2,308,700. The murderer to the committee rooms, where four highest British officers shared $288,they were tried, and soon after hung. 000 each. 1780. Village of Johnstown, New York, burnt by the tories. MAY 21. 1781. British fort Dreadnought surrendered to the Americans under Gen. Lee. 216 B. c. Battle of Cannae, in Italy, in 1782. American generalWayne defeated which the Roman consuls were vanquished a considerable body of British under Col. by Hannibal, with a loss of 40,000 men, Brown, near Savannah. including Paulus 2Emylius, and 5,630 1789. JOHN HAWKINS, an English writer. knights. The Carthaginians seemed not to died; author of a History of Music in 5 know the use.of victory. vols. quarto. 987. Louis V (the lazy), king of France, 1790. THOMAS WARTON, an English poet poisoned by his wife, Blanche. died; author of a History of Poetry, 3 1342. JOHN CANTACUZENUS, the historian vols. of his own times, and a defender of the 1794. French under Dumas scaled mount faith, inaugurated emperor of Constanti- Cenis. nople. 1794. Bastia, in Corsica, surrendered to 1420. Treaty of Troyes, by which Henry lord Hood. V of England was to marry Kate, daugh- 1796. Battles of Tombio and Codogno; ter of Charles VII of France, and the two the French defeated the Austrians; the kingdoms to be united under Henry on the gallant French gen. La Harpe killed. death of Charles. 1799. Archduke CHARLES crossed the 1502. The island of St. Helena discov- Rhine into Switzerland. ered. 1804. The first interment in the ceme May 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 201 tery of Pere la Chaise; it was laid out the first Indian port visited by a European and prepared by order of Bonaparte. vessel. 1807. Dantzic surrendered to the French 1542. PAUL III, summoned the council after a siege of 51 days. Its garrison at of Trent; but was compelled to prorogue first consisted of 16,000; 4000 deserted; it, his own ecclesiastics only attending. only 9000 were taken; 800 cannon and 1555. JOHN PETER CARAFFA elected immense stores fell into the hands of the pope, and assumed the title of Paul IV. French. 1604. The first settlement made on the 1809. Battle of Essling, in Austria. It coast of Guiana, by'captain Charles and sir began by a furious attack upon the village Oliver Leigh. of Asperne, which was taken and retaken 1611. JAMES I, instituted the order of several times. Essling sustained three at- Baronets, and elevated 75 families to that tacks also. Night interrupted the action; dignity. the Austrians exulting in their partial suc- 1659. RICHARD CROMWELL'S parliament cess, Napoleon surprised that he should dissolved by commission under the great not have been wholly successful. On seal, at the' instance of Desborough. either side the carnage had been terrible, $1661. The solemn league and covenant and the pathways of the village were lit- burned by the common hangman at Lonerally choked with the dead. don, and afterwards throughout the coun1813. British attacked Sacketts Harbor. try. 1813. Battle of Bautzen, which had 1667. ALEXANDER VII (Fabio Chigi), continued two days; the Prussians were pope, died; characterized as little in great driven from their position, and Napoleon things, and great in little ones. He was advanced to Breslaw, leaving 12,000 liberal towards men of letters, and embelFrenchmen in the searching claws of their lished Rome with some splendid edifices. executors-the crows. 1680. A vast luminous meteor appeared 1826. GEORGE REICHENBACH, a distin- at Leipsic. guished mechanical artist, died at Munich, 1688. JOHN ANDREW QUENSTEDT died; a where he had a noted manufactory of German divine, author of a Latin account astronomical instruments, unsurpassed in of learned men down to 1600. the world. 1690. Naval action at Cherbourg; Bri1830. LEOPOLD of Saxe Coburg declined tish admiral Ashby destroyed 3 French the throne of Greece, except on terms ships of the line and several frigates, bewhich the allied sovereigns would not ing part of Tourville's squadron. accede to. 1692. Action off La Hogue, commehced. 1832. GEORGE W. ROGERS, an American the night previous, between the combined commodore, died on board ship Warren, English and Dutch fleets, admiral Russell, off Buenos Ayres. and the French fleet, which lost 16 sail. 1849. MARIA EDGWORTH, the popular and 1707. Battle of Stolhoffen, on the Rhine; distinguished authoress, died at her resi- French under Villars forced the lines of dence in Edgworthstown, Ireland. the allies. 1855. The ship canal round the falls of 1722. SEBASTIAN VAILLANT, a French St. Mary's river, Michigan, was completed botanist, died. He was originally organist and accepted. to a convent. 1855. The allied fleet of the French 1725. ROBERT MOLESWORTH, an able and English entered the Russian port of English statesman, died. He rendered Petropaulowski, and found it deserted. himself obnoxious to the clergy by insinuating that " religion is a pious craft, a useful state engine, but far inferior to the principles which in the school of Athens MAY 22. and Rome, incited their attentive youth to the love of their country, and to'the prac334 B. c. Battle of the Granicus, in By- tice of the moral virtues." thinia, in which Alexander of Macedon 1734. KOULI KHAN, defeated the Turkish defeated the Persians. army in Persia. 337. CONSTANTINE (the great), emperor of 1745. Battle Jagernsdorf; Prussians deRome, died. He was an able general and feated the imperialists. a sagacious politician; celebrated as the 1773. JoHN ENTICK, an English clergyman builder of Constantinople on the site of and schoolmaster,, died; author of the Byzantium, and as the first emperor who Spelling Dictionary, and other works. embraced Christianity. 1775. Meeting of provincial congress at 1424. JAMES I, of Scotland, crowned 18 New York. years after his accession, since which he 1780. Sir JOHN JOHNSON, with a party had been in captivity. of British and tories, burnt a mill and 33 1498. VASco DE GAMAlandedat Calicut, houses at Johnson Hall, killed about a 26 202 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 22. dozen persons, destroyed all the sheep 1854. Rail road inaugurated in Sardinia, and cattle, and having dug up his silver running between Turin and Susa; the plate decamped. king and queen, the government officials, 1781. JOHN BAPTIST BECCARIA, a learned and a great concourse of people participatItalian monk, died. ing. 1782. Formosa, a large island in the 1855. The convent suppression bill passChinese sea, almost wholly inundated by ed the Sardinian senate. volcanic agency, during a storm. 1856. PRESTON S. BROOKS, a South 1794. Battle of Esperes; French defeated Carolina member of congress, wickedly by the British, who took 500 prisoners and cowardly assaultted Charles Summer, and 700 cannon. senator from Massachusetts, while seated 1795. MUNGO PARK, sailedfrom England at his desk in the senate chamber, and on his first expedition to Africa, for the pur- felled him to the floor with a cane, in pose of tracing the course of the Niger, retaliation for abusive language in debate. and procuring information relative to the city of Timbuctoo, of which little more than the name was known. $ MAY 23. 1798. BONAPARTE and the French fleet sailed from Toulon; at the same time lord 1270 B. c. LARCHER places the chronology Nelson's fleet was in a storm in the gulf of the fall of Troy upon this day. of Lyons, not many leagues distant. 63 B. c. Jerusalem taken by Pompey on 1809. Second battle of Essling; French the 23d day of the Hebrew month Sivan, recrossed the Danube. in the consulate of Cicero, a day that was 1810. CHARLOTTE GENEVIEVE LOUISA then observed as a fast, in remembrance of AUGUSTA ANDREA TIMrOTHEE DU BEAUMONT the defection and idolatry of Jeroboam, D'EON, a French diplomatist, died, aged who made Israel to sin. 82; memorable as a politician, but more 37 B. c. Jerusalem fell into the hands of so for having been discovered to be a Herod, in the consulate of Agrippa; it befemale while on an embassy to England, ing one of those septenniary periods called in the year 1777. satbatic years. 1812. Action off the coast of France, be- 683. LEO II, pope, died; an able and tween 2 British ships and 2 French 44 resolute pontiff; established the kiss of gun frigates, and a brig of 18 guns; the peace at the mass, and the use of holy latter were destroyed. water. 1813. Battle of Reichenbach; 1500 1125. HENRY V of Germany died; leavFrench cavalry charged and overthrew ing an odious character. the allied cavalry; but many divisions 1430. The town of Compiegne in France coming to their aid, the French were re- was besieged by the combined forces of inforced by 14,000 horse and cuirassiers England and Burgundy, and defended by and the allies compelled to retreat. Joan of Arc. 1813. MIcHAEL DUROC, a distinguished 1455. Battle of St. Albans (first of the French general, killed by a cannon ball, roses), between the Lancastrians under which struck him as he stood conversing Henry VI, and the Yorkists. The former with Mortier and Kirgener, the latter of were defeated with the loss of 3 earls, 49 whom was also killed instantly. barons and about 5,000 men killed, and 1813. United States frigate Congress, the king himself was wounded in the neck Capt.'Smith, captured the British brig and taken prisoner. Loss of the other Diana 10 guns. party 500. 1814. JOSEPH WHITE, an eminent Eng- 1498. GERONIMO SAVANAROLA, an Italian lish divine, arid oriental scholar, died. monk, burnt. His influence was so great He was a weaver in humble life till his self- at Florence, that for several years he guidacquired attainments attracted patronage. ed the state as its sovereign; but when he 1819. The steamship Savannah, started attacked the corruptions of the church of from Savannah, Ga., for Liverpool, being Rome and the infamous conduct of pope the first passage of the Atlantic attempted Alexander VI, neither his purity nor his by steam. She arrived in Liverpool on popularity could save him from destructhe 22d June, having consumed her fuel tion. in ten days. She visited Stockholm and 1533. CRANMER pronounced sentence of St. Petersburg before her return, which divorce between Henry VIII and Catharine was in December following. of Arragon. 1819. HUGH WILLIAMSON, an American 1609. The company of South Virginia physician, scholar and statesman, died, not realizing the expected profit from its aged 83. He assisted in framing the colony, obtained from king James a new federal ~constitution, and made himself charter, with more ample privileges. Their iseful to lis country in various ways. territory extended 400 miles on the Atlan May 23.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 203 tic coast, and " from the Atlantic westward feated by the allies, consisting of Austrians, to the South sea." Prussians, British, Hanoverians, Hessians 1610. The English wrecked on the island and Dutch. of Bermudas (see July 24), having built 1794. CECILE REGNAULT attempted to two small vess:els and paid the seams with assassinate Robespierre and Collot d'Herlime and tortoise oil, arrived in them at bois. the settlement of Jamestown; they found 1798. The rebellion of the united Irishthe inhabitants reduced from 500 to 60, by men commenced. famine; and seeing no other means of 1798. Lady EDWARD FITZGERALD, the cepreserving them than by abandoning the lebrated Pamela, daughter of the duke of country, they took them all on board, Orleans, ordered to quit the kingdom. with the intention of returning to England. 1808. Riots among the English weavers At this juncture lord Delaware arrived on account of wages. with three ships, 150 men, and plenty of 1812. Louis DUTENS, a French miscelprovisions, and settled the colony. laneous writer, died. 1679. It was discovered that 27 mem- 1815. G. HENRY ERNEST MUEHLENBURGH, bers of the English parliament had been an American Lutheran divine, died. He pensioners on the government. was a man of extensive science, particular1692. Third action off La Hogue, be- ly eminent as a botanist. tween the British and French fleets; 6 1816. Massacre of the Christians by the ships of the latter burnt. Turks at Bona in Algiers. 1701. WILLIAM KIDD with others execut- 1836. EDWARD LIVINGSTON, an eminent ed at Execution dock, London, for piracy. American jurist, died. He was a native of In America every reminiscence of Kidd New York, and after holding various ofhas yet an air of romance. fices, removed to New Orleans, where on 1706. Battle of Ramilles, in Belgium, the invasion of Louisiana by the British, between the French under Villeroy, and he offered his services to general Jackson, the allies under the duke of Marlborough, and acted as aid. He was afterwards sein which the latter were signally victorious. cretary of state at Washin.ton and minisThe armies contained about 60,000 men ter to France, in which offices lie manifesteach; the loss of the French was 15,000, ed distinguished ability. that of the allies 4,000. 1841. SAMUEL DALE, an eminent pioneer 1720. The French Mississippi scheme, in the settlement of the southwest, died projected by John Law, dissolved, like in Lauderdale county, Mississippi. He was those bright floating circles which amuse remarkable for his courage and bodily and vex the hopes of children of a lesser strength, and distinguished for his contests growth. with the Indians, and as an officer in the 1752. WM. BRADFORD, a noted American last war with England. printer, died, aged 94. He established the 1848. Freedom of the negroes proclaimed first printing office in Philadelphia, and at St. Pierre, Martinique; an insurrection also in New York. He was government followed, and several houses and 32 perprinter more than fifty years, and is said sons were burnt. to have walked over a great part of the city 1850. GRINNELL'S ships of discovery of New York on the day he died. sailed from New York in' search of sir John 1764. FRANCIS ALGAROTTI died; an Ita- Franklin. lian, eminent as a connoisseur and critic 1851. RICHARD LALOR SHEIL, a British in every branch of belles-lettres, and an statesman aild dramatist, died at Florence, author of repute. aged 59. He was minister of queen Vic1783. JAMES OTIS, an American patriot toria at the court of Tuscany. and statesman, killed by lightning. He 1855. The state of siege and blockade was one of the most zealous and active of the island of Cuba was withdrawn. promoters of the revolution. 1785. WILLIAM WOeLLET, a celebrated English historical and landscape engraver, MAY 24. died. The death of general Wolfe from West's painting is probably his best. 1085. GREGORY VII (Hildebrand), pope, 1786. MAURITIUS AUGUSTUS BENYOWSKY, died. He was the son of a carpenter, and an extraordinary Hungarian adventurer, when raised to the papal throne embroiled killed on the island of Madagascar in an himself in disputes and dissensions till he action with the French. was compelled to retire. 1783. South Carolina adopted the federal 1153. DAVID I, king of Scotland, died. constitution, recommending amendments, He married Maud, daughter of William the being the 8th state in succession; votes conqueror, and is characterized as a mild 149 to 73. and popular king. 1793. Battle of Famars; the French de- 1276. A capitation tax of three pennies 204 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 24. laid on every Jew in England above the own chariot, and " dispensed good punch age of 12 years, and all above the age of 7 from golden bowls." to wear a yellow badge. 1775. JOHN HANCOCK elected president 1357. EDWARD the black prince, conduct- of congress; he succeeded Peyton Raned his captive, John, king of France, dolph in that office. through the city of London, in triumph. 1777. Colonel MEIGS made a successful 1430. JOAN OF ARC, after performing attack on the British stores at Sag harbor, prodigies of valor, deserted and alone, was destroyed 12 British brigs and schooners, taken prisoner by the English, after her and great quantities of stores, and brought horse was slain, in a sally from Com- away 90 British prisoners, without sustainpiegne. ing any loss. 1543. NICHOLAS COPERNICUS, the great 1786. CHARLES WILLIAM SCHEELE, an astronomer, died, aged 70. After a con- eminent Swedish chemist, died. His disstant devotion of 43 years to the study, he coveries were numerous, though his exproduced his immortal work, De Orbinum periments were made under great disadCcelestium Revolutionibus. The work was vantages. excommunicated by the pope, and although 1792. GEORGE BRYDGES, lord Rodney, a the planets continued their revolutions, it celebrated British admiral, died, aged 74. was not till 278 years after, namely, in 1794. Battle of the Sambre, in the 1821, that the papal court annulled the Netherlands, in which general Kaunitz desentence! feated the French, who lost 3,000 taken 1551. VON PANNIS, an eminent surgeon prisoners, and 50 cannon. of England, burnt to death for denying 1798. Several battles were fought at difthe divinity of Christ. ferent places between the English troops 1572. DRAKE sailed from England on and United Irishmen, in which the latter his voyage of reprisal to the West-Indies, were generally defeated. against the Spanish. 1811. The Seringapatam, prize to the 1612. ROBERT CECIL, earl of Salisbury, United States frigate Essex, capt. Gamble, died; an English statesman, the ablest captured by the British sloop of war minister of his time. Cherub, at the Sandwich islands. 1651. Louis XIV of France purchased 1814. Pope Pius VII, whose powers had of the West-India company, for the bene- been abridged by Napoleon, made his fit of the knights of Malta, the islands of grand public entry into Rome, to resume St. Christopher, St. Bartholomew, St. Mar- the throne. tin and San Cruz, for the sum of 120,000 1822. Battle of Pichinca, fought near livres turnois. (See August 10, 1665.) the volcano of that name. The Columbians 1663. South Carolina erected into a se- under Sucre succeeded in gaining the parate province. First permanent settle- vicinity of Quito by marching over the ment began in 1669; original charter in- frozen mountains of Cotopaxi, by which, cluded North Carolina and Georgia. and several other daring movements, the 1686. An eruption of mount 2Etna, Spaniards were compelled to hazard a which extended its ravages four leagues battle, and sustained a total defeat. The around, and buried several persons alive. patriots thus became possessed of the en1689. Passage of the well known tolera- tire province, with all the Spanish magation act of England, Which so greatly re- zines and stores, and the road to Peru was lieved the dissenters. left open to Bolivar. 1692. Four days' action off La Hogue; 1833. JOHN RANDOLPH, of Roanoke, an the remainder of the French ships, seven American statesman, died, aged 60. He in number, and a great many transports was a descendant in the 7th generation, and ammunition ships burnt. from Pocahontas, the Indiail woman who 1698. Pere GERBILLON, a Jesuit mis- saved the life of capt. Smith, and was dissionary, set out on his eighth and last tinguished for genius, eloquence and ecjourney to Tartary, in the train of the centricity. Chinese grandees, sent by the emperor to 1839. WILLIAM LEGGET, an American hold an assembly of the Kalka Tartars, poet, and miscellaneous writer, died. He who had been several years in rebellion, was a man of talent, and employed by and to regulate the affairs of the country. government as charge d' affaire to Central (See April 1, Oct. 13.) America. 1715. WILLIAM READ died; originally a 1844. JAMES THATCHER, a surgeon of the cobler, became a mountebank, and prac- revolutionary army and author of the Miticed medicine by the light of nature! litary Journal and History of Plymouth, died Queen Anne and George I honored him at Plymouth, Mass. with the care of their eyes! He could 1845. WILLIAM RAMSAY died in Boone neither write nor read, but such was the county, Mo., aged 104. Early a pioneer success of his practice, that he rode in his and Indian fighter in Kentucky. May 25.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 205 MAY 25. river, 70 boats and other property; burnt the church and several dwellings at War535 B. C. The foundations of the second ren, and a church and 22 hosses at Bristol. temple at Jerusalem, laid by the children of 1780. Two regiments of Washington's the captivity, by permission of Cyrus, on troops mutinied; but were persuaded to the twenty-fifth of Sivan. return to their duty. 67 B. c. TITUS VESPASIAN took the city 1798. CHARLESJAMESFOX, had his name of.Joppa, in Galilee, by assault, on the stricken by the king from the list of privy 25th of the month Daesius. councillors, for giving as a toast at the 337. CONSTANTINE the Great died, hav- meeting of the Whig club, "The soying divided the empire among his chil- ereignty of the people." dren and nephews. 1798. ASMus JACOB CARSTENS, a distin709. ALDHEE, an English divine, died; guished German artist, died. He was the said to have been the first Englishman son of a miller, and raised himself to who cultivated poetry. eminence by his great talent and genius 1261. ALEXANDER IV, pope, died. He as a painter. bestowed the crown of Sicily on Edmund, 1798. A party of United Irishmen deson of the king of England, and attempted feated near Dublin with great slaughter; to unite the Greek and Latin churches. many of those taken were executed. 1315. EDWARD BRUCE invaded Ireland 1802. GEORGE FORDYCE, died; an emiwith 6000men. "He fought manybattles nent Scottish physician and writer on and gained them all," and was for a brief medicine and chemistry. period king of the country. 1803. BONAPARTE constituted all Eng1427. ALEXANDER, lord of the isles, per- lishmen between 18 and 60 years of age, formed penance of submission to king found in the French territory, prisoners James in his shirt and drawers, before the of war, and ordered the capture of British congregation of Holyrood church. vessels. 1510. GEORGES D'AMBOISE, a French 1805. WILLIAM PALEY died; a learned cardinal and statesman, died; a great English divine and writer on ethics. His benefactor to France. Evidences of Christianity is one of the 1622. PETRUS PLANCIUS, who with others ablest defences of the Christian religion contributed so much to the discovery of that has ever appeared. New Netherland and other countries, died 1812. EDMUND MALONE, an Irish attorney, at Amsterdam. died. He is celebrated as the editor of 1625. WILLIAM BARLOWE, died; celebra- Shakpeare, and published several biograted as the discoverer of the nature and phies. properties of the loadstone. 1818. DAVID MITCHELL, a major-general 1630. Eight Englishmen left by mis- in the war of the American revolution, chance in Greenland by their ship, were died, aged 77. He was the friend of found on this day by their countrymen, Logan, the Indian, and had fought the having by good economy and wise expe- Indians in 27 battles. dients,'succeeded in passing the winter 1830. The French expedition against without loss of life. (See Jan. 14, 1634, Algiers sailed from Toulon, consisting of and Ap. 16, 1634.) 34,160 men, under the command of Gen1681. DoN PEDRO DE LA BARCA, a noble eral Bourmont, and succeeded in reducing Spanish dramatist, died; who together that barbarous kingdom to a French prowith Lope de Vega, gave law to and vince. polished the Spanish theatre. His works 1840. Singular phenomenon in lake comprise 10 vols. quarto. Erie, at Toledo; the water rising to the 1743. JAMES ANTONY ARLAUD, a celebrat- height of four feet above its ordinary level ed Swiss painter, died. in the space of a few hours, without any 1760. Insurrection of the negroes in apparent cause. The water and the Jamaica. The loss to the island, in human weather were calm and still, and no unflesh and blood, was $500,000. usual commotion was observable, as the 1775. Sir GUy JOHNSON, called an Indian bay gradually rose nearly a foot higher council at Guy Park, where the Mohawks than ever before known. alone attended; his object being to provide 1843. One hundreth anniversary of the against a rumored attack upon his person Am. Philosophical Society, founded by by the revolutionists. Franklin at Philadelphia. It is the oldest 1775. Generals Howe, Clinton and Bur- scientific association this side of the Atlangoyne, arrived at Boston. tic. 1776. Congress resolved to engage the services of the Indians. 1778. About 500 British and Hessians from Rhode Island destroyed at Kickmut 206 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 26. MAY 26. 1746. THOMAS SOUTHERN, an English dramatist, died. 604. AUGUSTINE (alias Austin), first arch- 1766. JOHN LAURENCE BERTI, a learned bishop of Canterbury, died. He was monk of Tuscany, died; author of about originally a monk, and was sent into Brit- 20 quarto volumes of divinity. ain with 40 others to convert the English 1781. Congress resolved to establish the Saxons to Christianity. bank of North America, being the first 735. BEDE (the venerable), a learned Eng- regularly established bank in the counlish monk, died. He passed his life in try. severe study, and wrote an ecclesiastic- 1782. WILLIAM EMERSON, an eminent al history from Julius Cwsar to his own English mathematician, died. His knowage. ledge was very extensive, and his works 946. EDMUND I, king of the Anglo Sax- accurate. ons, killed by an outlaw named Liof, at 1784. Musical festival in Westminster the age of 23. He was distinguished for abbey, in commemoration of the birthday personal courage, as well as taste for of Handel. This was the greatest concert elegance and splendor, whence he was ever known; the number of performers called the munificent. was 525; 275 vocal, 250 instrumental. 1416. JEROME of Prague made the fear- The sum produced was over $12,000. less declaration that he was a supporter of 1794. The French convention decreed the doctrines of Wickliffe and Huss, for that no quarters be given to British and which he suffered martyrdom. Hanoverian soldiers. But the French 1512. BAYAZID II, sultan of Turkey, troops refused to execute the decree. died on the journey to Denitoka, his birth 1795. The Ottoman Porte acknowledged place, whither he was retiring, having re- the French republic. signed the government to his son, Selim, 1798. Battle of Tarah and defeat of the who had rebelled against him. United Irishmen. 1536. FRANCISCO BERNI, a Tuscan poet, 1799. JAMES BURNETT, lord Monboddo, died. He is the principal writer of Italian died. He was one of the lords of session jocose poetry, which has ever since retain- in Scotland, and a philosophical writer of ed the name of poesia Bernesca. considerable learning, but of peculiar no1568. An estoddfod of the Welsh bards tions. and minstrels held at Cayroes by commis- 1809. FRANCIS JOSEPH HAYDN, the celesion of queen Elizabeth, when the great bratedmusical composer, died. His works prize of the silver harp was adjudged to are numerous and highly valued. Simon ap Williams ap Sion. 1811. JAMES PULTENEY, a wealthy Eng1595. PHILIP NERI, founder of the ora- lish baron, died; whose income was torians, died. He was noted for his $250,000 per annum. benevolence, and established a hospice for 1813. Cannonade between forts George theaccommodation of pilgrims, which has and Niagara, and bombardment from all become one of the finest in Rome. the batteries. 1608. Sir THOMAS SACKVILLE, that great 1814. JOSEPH IGNACE GUILLOTIN, a French servant of Apollo and the state, interred physician, who revived the use of the with pomp at Westminster. " There instrument known as the maiden, died at never was a better treasurer," observes sir Paris, aged 76. Richard Baker, " both for the king's profit 1824. CAPEL LOFFT, an English poet and the good of the subject." and miscellaneous writer, died in Italy. 1623. FRANCIS ANTHONY, an English He was the patron of Bloomfield. chemist, died; who took advantage of his 1831. Battle of Ostrolenka, between knowledge to impose upon the credulous 55,000 Russians and 20,000 Poles, in which and unwary, by selling his panacea of the latter were defeated. potable gold. 1836. WILLIAM YOUNG OTTLEY, keeper 1637. Fort Mistic, garrisoned by a large of the prints in the British museum, died. body of Indians under their grand sachem He was for half a century actively devoted Sassacus, taken by assault, and about 70 to his favorite pursuit of the fine arts, wigwams burnt. and is honorably known as an artist, a 1689. Battle at the pass of Killicrankie, collector, and an author. remarkable for the defeat of king William's 1838. WILLIAM BUTLER died at Philatroops by the Highlanders under lord delphia, aged 108. Dundee. 1840. WILLIAM SIDNEY SMITH, admiral 1685. JOHN MARSHAM died; a learned of the red, died at Paris, aged 76. He was English chronologist. one of the most celebrated naval officers 1703. SAMUEL PEPYS, a learned English- of the last age, and distinguished himself man, died; celebrated for his collection of on various occasions by his talents and valuable documents, &c. courage. May 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 207 1844. JACQUES LAFITTE, the French English judge, died; author of several banker, died. works on the law. 1848. By a fire which occurred in the 1541. MARGARET, countess of Salisbury, omnibus establishment of Kip & Brown, beheaded in the tower, at the age of 70. New York, 130 horses were burnt. She was the mother of the celebrated car1852. SAMUEL NOTT, for a long time dinal Pole, and the last of the royal line regarded as the patriarch of the clergy of of Plantagenet. New England, died in Franklin, Conn., 1564. JOHN CALVIN, the great reformer, aged 98. He graduated at Yale college in died. He was a man of eminent talents, 1780, and two years after settled at Frank- solid judgment and extensive learning. lin, where he spent the remainder of his His great rigor, however, procured him protracted life. He was also engaged in many enemies; indeed it ill became a the business of instruction, and was a reforn-er to defend, as he did, the burning maker of public men. He was injured by of heretics. a burn, and died of the effects of the 1600. Matins of Moscow, so called from accident. the time of the day when princeDeme1853. The yellow fever made its appear- trius and all his Polish adherents were ance at New Orleans; the number of vie- massacred at 6 in the morning. tims during the season was 8,186, the 1602. The colony accompanying Gosgreater part of whom died in August and nold fixed upon a place of settlement, on September. the western part of Elizabeth island in 1854. ANGUS PATTERSON, for a long time Narraganset bay. On a rocky islet in the president of the senate of South Carolina, centre of a fresh water pond two miles in died at Barnwell, in that state. circuit they commenced erecting a fort and 1854. A great crowd in Boston, excited store house. (See June 18.) by inflammatory speeches, attacked the 1610. FRANCIS RAVAILLAC, the fanatic court house and attempted to rescue the who assassinated Henri Quatre, (see May negro, Anthony Burns, under arrest as a 14,) was executed by being drawn and fugitive from servitude. A special assist- quartered by four horses. ant of the United States marshal was 1647. PETER STUYVESANT, a man of killed, but the object of the riot was not learning and a soldier, the last Dutch effected. governor of New York, arrived at New 1855. An imperial ukase ordered that Amsterdam, and superseded Kieft. all the serfs in certain of the Russian 1648. VINCENT VOITURE, an elegant states, between the ages of 30 and 35, Frenchwriter, died. He wrote verses with should be enrolled. elegance in French, Spanish and Italian, and was a polisher of his native language in a barbarous age. MAY 27. 1679. English act of habeas corpus passed; the act suspending it was repealed,:346 B. C. PHILIP of Macedon took pos- probably forever, 1818. session of Phocis upon the 27th Sciropho- 1681. " The sweet singers " of the city rion, and the towels were soon after dis- of Edinburgh renounced the printed Bible mantled, which terminated the ten years' at the Canon gate tolbooth,and all unchaste war. thoughts, words and actions, and burned 1199. HUBERT, archbishop of Canter- all story books, ballads, romances, &c. bury,made lord chancellor in consideration 1694. The French under marshal de of his services in crowning king John. Noailles defeated the Spaniards near the 1257. RICHARD, brother to Henry III, river Ter, and took Gerona. crowned at Aix la Chapelle, king of the 1702. DOMINIC BOUHOURS, a French JeRomans. suit, died; celebrated as a learned writer 1520. CORTEZ, with 250 men, without and critic. horses, or any other arms than pikes, 1703. St. Petersburg founded by Peter swords, shields and daggers, attacked the the great. Its present population is about well appointed expedition under Narvaez, one-third that of London. sent against him by the governor of Cuba, 1721. The Weekly Journal or Saturday's consisting of about 1400 men, which was Post of this date adjudged to contain libeldefeated and gained over to his party. ous matter against the government of Thus the almost dispirited adventurer sud- England. denly found himself again at the head of a 1723. G6EORGE I assented to the bill for more numerous army than ever,consisting the banishment of bishop Atterbury, whose of nearly 2000 Spanish troops, about a hun- great virtues are now remembered. dred horses and 18 vessels, and a great 1725. CHARLES DE LA RUE, a French sufficiency of ammunition. Jesuit, died; distinguished as an orator and 1538. ANTHONY FITZHERBERT, an able poet and a professor of belles-lettres. 208 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 27. 1728. CHARLES LEoPoLD, duke of Meck- 1850. The temple of Nauvoo, erected by lenburgh, deposed by the emperor of Ger- the Mormons, finished in 1845, partially many. burnt in October 1648, having but its four 1775. Battle at Noddle's island, near walls left-all its timber works having Boston; the British defeated by the Amer- been consumed by the flames-was deicans under Putnam and Warren, who had stroyed by a hurricane. but 3 men wounded. British loss 200, together with an armed schooner and some stores. MAY 28. 1776. ARNOLD with about 900 Americans captured the British post at the Cedars 812. St. WILLIAM, of Aquitaine, died. He without any resistance, and retook 500 distinguished himself by his valor against American prisoners. the Saracens, under Charlemagne. 1777. BUTTON GWINNETT, one of the 1089. LANFRANC, archbishop of Cantersigners, died of a wound received in a bury, died. He was an Italian, and has duel. the character of a great statesman, as well 1779. THos. NUGENT, a distinguished as a learned prelate. lexicographer, died. His French and 1220. Pope HONORIUS issued a decree English dictionary has much merit. that no person in England should keep in 1781. Lord CORNWALLIS, with a vastly his hands more than two of the royal superior force, compelled the marquis La castles; intended to check the encroaching Fayette to evacuate Richmond. barons. 1794. Battle of Kaiserslautern, in which 1357. ALPHONSO IV, of Portugal, died. the Prussian general Mollendorf surprised He was an able prince, benevolent, and the French camp, killed 1000, and took warred with the Moors. 2000 prisoners, and 20 cannon. 1500. DE CABRAL'S fleet encountered a 1798. Battle of Oulart Hill; the United violent storm; 4 of his vessels ran foul of Irishmen under father Murphy defeated each other and sunk. Bartholomew Diaz, the English, and massacred all but five. the Portuguese navigator, who first douSame day, a large body of Irishmen de- bled the cape of Good Hope, was lost here. feated at Kilthomas hill, 150 killed, and 1576. The first newspaper printed in 100 cabins and 2 chapels burnt. England was the Liverpool Times of this 1799. Addison's library sold by auction date; it is said to be published at the prein London on this and the three following sent day. days, 70 years after his death, when it 1583. The printing of the Vandalie Bible brought about $2,000. commenced at Wittemberg, by Samuel 1811. RICHARD PENN, one of the proprie- Seelfish, at the expense of the state of tors, and governor of Pennsylvania before Carniola, which paid 8,000 florins for 1,500 the revolution, died in England. copies. 1811. HENRY DUNDAS, lord Melville, a 1661. The marquis of ARGYLE beheaded distinguished British statesman, died. at Edinburgh and his head set upon the 1813. The American army landed in Tolbooth. Canada under cover of, the fire from Chaun- 1672. Battle of Southwold bay, in which cey's fleet,and carried fort George by assault. the Dutch admiral De Ruyter with 91 The vanguard landed first, consisting of ships of the line and 44 frigates and fireForsyth's riflemen, and the Albany and ships, engaged the combined fleets of Baltimore volunteers, under Col. Scott. France and England, consisting of 130 1817. A Tunisian corsair of 12 guns, sail, under the command of the duke of with two prizes, under Oz Maney, were York, afterwards James II, and the admicaptured near Dover, England, by two ral count d'Estrees. The conflict was terBritish revenue cutters. rible. The allies had a trifling advantage, 1832. St. Jean d'Acre in Palestine taken and the Dutch retired to the coast of Holfrom the Turks by the pasha of Egypt. land. 1840. Great freshet in the Savannah 1672. EDWARD MONTAGUE, earl of Sandriver; the city of Augusta and town of wich, drowned in the confusion of the Hamburgh entirely submerged; the water battle of Southwold bay. He was disrising 35 feet above low water mark. The tinguished as a statesman, general, admidestruction of property was very great. ral, and writer. 1840. Baron PAGANINT, the most cele- 1672. War declared in Boston against brated violinist the world ever produced, the Dutch; the first declaration of war in died at Nice, in Italy, aged 57, leaving a the colonies. large fortune. (See June 27, 1819.) 1673. Action between the English and 1848. The princess SoPHIA, 12th child French fleets, under prince Rupert, and of George III of England, died, aged 71; the Dutch under De Ruyter, at Schonvelt; an amiable and benevolent lady. both sides claimed the victory. May 28.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 209 1701. ANNE HILARION DE COSTENTIN DE 1808. RICHARD HURD, bishop of WorcesTOURVILLE, a French admiral, died. He ter, died, aged 89. He was a learned man, distinguished himself against the Alger- author of several literary productions, and ines and the Spaniards, but the battle of was offered the primacy, which he declined. La Hogue was fatal to his glory. 1810. The crown prince of Sweden 1708. Com. WAGER attacked and de- killed by a fall from his horse. A circumstroyed the Spanish fleet near Carthagena. stance which led the way for the elevation 1736. Madamoiselle SALLE, a famous of Bernadotte. danseuse at Paris, who piqued herself upon 1818. First steam boat on lake Erie her reputation, instituted an order there, (Walk in the Water), launched at Black of which she was president, by the name Rock. of the Indifferents. Both sexes were indis- 1839. MICHAEL BUFF, a soldier of the criminately admitted, after a nice scrutiny revolution, died in Oglethorpe co., Ga. into their qualifications. They had rites, He was under Gen. Forbes, 1758, and which no one was to disclose. The badge fought at the battles of Brandywine and of the order was a ribbon, striped black, Germantown. white and yellow, and the device some- 1840. THOMAS HARVEY, a distinguished thing like an icicle. They took an oath officer in the British navy, died at Bermuto fight against love, and if any of the da, aged 65. members were particular in their regards, 1841. Capitulation of the city of Canton, they were excluded the order with ig- which had forfeited previous stipulations nominy. with the British and resumed hostilities. 1745. JONATHAN RICHARDSON died; a The Chinese agreed to pay six millions of celebrated English painter of heads, and dollars in one week as a ransom for the city, an author. and that their troops should be withdrawn 1754. Battle at fort Duquesne; the 60 miles into the interior, and that all French and Indians defeated by the Amer- losses sustained by the partial destruction icans under Washington. of the factories, should be paid. The sum 1781. American frigate Alliance, 32 was paid as stipulated. guns, Capt. Barry, captured British sloops 1843. NOAH WEBSTER, the American of war Atalanta, 16 guns, and Trespasser, lexicographer, died, aged 85. 14 guns. 1850. JOHN N. MAFFIT, the well known 179;3. ANTHONY FREDERICK BUSCHING, a and eccentric methodist preacher, died at distinguished Prussian geographer, died. Mobile. 1794. Lord HOWE'S first action with the 1852. THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER, a PoFrench fleet under Joyeuse. British ship litical exile from Ireland, and convict at Russell captured the Revolutionaire, 110 Van Dieman's land, arrived at New guns. York. 1795. WILLIAM, prince of Orange, issued 1853. The French legislature passed an a manifesto against the French and Bata- act restoring capital punishment for atvian republics, protesting against their tempts on the life of the emperor, or to right to abolish the stadtholdership. subvert the imperial government. 1797. Toulon, which had been seized by 1854. A riot occured at the park in New the French royalists, surrendered to the York, between a party of Catholics and conventional troops. the friends of a street preacher; several 1798. JAMES DUNBAR, professor of phi- persons were badly injured. losophy at Aberdeen, died; author of an essay on the history of mankind in the rude and uncultivated ages. 1798. Father MURPHY, at the head of the MAY 29. United Irishmen, took Enniscorthy, killed 90 of the king's troops, and set the town 71 B. c. The range of embankments on fire. thrown up by Titus against the wall of 1803. British ship Victory captured the Jerusalem, the work of 17 days, was underFrench frigateAmbuscade,formerly belong- mined and consumed, or buried in a nit of ing to the British. fire, with all the Roman engines. This 1803. RICHARD HOLE, an English poet was effected by the skill and conduct of and divine, died. He published Ossian John, the high priest. in a poetic dress and other works. 1379. HENRY II, of Castile, died. He 1808. The bones of the American pri- ascended the throne by the murder of soners who had perished on board the Peter the cruel, which he perpetrated with Jersey and other British prison ships at his own hand. He was one of the bravest New York during the revolutionary war, princes of his time, and won the good will solemnly inhumed in a vault erected at the %f his subjects. Wallabout. 1405. Battle of Shipton moor; prince 27 210 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 29. Henry dispersed the 8,000 insurgents un- badly wounded to proceed, and 53 taken der Scroop, by seizing the persons of their prisoners. leaders. 1780. Great meeting of the protestant 1453. Constantinople taken by the Turks association was held in Coachmakers' hall, under Mohammed II, which terminated London, lord George Gordon presiding, the Greek empire, after an existence of saying that he would not present the petiten centuries. Constantine XIII (Paleo- tion unless signed by 20,000. logus), was killed, and the beautiful Irene, 1785. ANDREW COLTEE DUCAREL, a French whose fate is dramatized by Johnson, was antiquary, died. His researches were conone of the captives. fined to England. 1545. DAVID BEATON, archbishop of St. 1790. ISRAEL PUTNAM, a revolutionary Andrews, assassinated. He was a great officer, died. He was one of the most darpersecutor of heretics, and united with ing, brave and intrepid officers of the great talents equally great vices. army, and his adventures almost border on 1588. The Spanish armada, intended for romance. the annihilation of England, sailed from 1790. Rhode Island adopted the conthe Tagus, under the duke of Medina Si- stitution of the United States, adding the donia. The armament consisted of 92 gal- 13th pillar to the federal edifice, by a maleons, or large ships of the line, 4 galliases, jority of only 2-34 ayes, 32 noes; re30 frigates, 30 transports for horse, and 4 commending amendments. galleys; on board whereof were 8,350 1793. The general assembly of Corsica, marines, 2,080 galley-slaves, and 19,290 consisting of 1,009 delegates, unanimously land-forces. The fleet was dispersed by expelled the Bonaparte family. a storm, and compelled to rendezvous at 1796. The floor of the methodist meeting Corunna for repairs. house at Leeds, England, gave way during 1593. JOHN PENRY, an English controver- service, and 18 persons were killed, and cial writer, executed for heresy against the about 80 dreadfully wounded. episcopacy. 1811. Battle of Taragonna, in Spain, 1660. CHARLES II made his entry into which was assaulted by the French under London, after a long series of misfortunes Suchet. The garrison consisted of 2,500 and exile, and re-established the royalty, men, of whom only 903 prisoners were which had been suspended about 12 years. taken; the remainder were put to the sword. 1672. The new conduit erected in Lon- 1813. Attack on Sacketts Harbor, by the don by sir Thomas Vyner, ran with wine British under Yoe and Provost: they for a few hours in honor of the birthday were repulsed with the loss of 260; Ameriand restoration of Charles II. can loss 156. 1691. CORNELIUS TROMP died; a Dutch 1814. British repulsed by maj. Finney admiral in the service of the republic, of the Accomac militia, at Pongoteague succeeded de Ruyter, 1670, as admiral of creek. the fleets of the United Provinces. 1814. JOSEPHINE, ex-empress of France, 1700. MICHAEL ANTHONY BAUDRAND, a died. French ecclesiastic, died; author of a Geo- 1820. CHRISTIAN WILLIAM VON DOHM,, Pa graphical Dictionary, 2 vols. folio. Prussian statesman and scholar, died. 1715. Great riot in London;} he whigs 1823. JOHN PHILLIPS, an eminent lawyer complaining that unless they shouted high in Boston, died, aged 53. church and the duke of Ormond, they 1829. HUMPHREY DAVY, the noted Engwere insulted by the tories. lish chemist, died. He made several im1758. Action between the French ship portant discoveries in the science, and inRaisonable, 64 guns, prince di Mombazon, vented the miner's safety lamp. and British ship Dennis, 70 guns. The 1832. GEORGE BURDER, an English diFrenchman was captured with the loss of vine, died, aged 80; author of the Yilkage 61 killed, 100 wounded. Sermons, now so popular. 1762. The duke of Newcastle on resign- 1837. JOHN AFZEIULsS, an eminent Sweing his premiership in the British ministry dish chemist, died at Upsal, aged 84. being offered a pension declined, saying, 1839. DAvID KIREPATRICK, an officer of " if he could no longer serve he could not the revolution, died. He entered the army burden his country." at the commencement of the war, was in 1780. Battle of Waxhaws, S. C., col. the battles of Monmouth, Germantown, Tarleton, with 700 cavalry and infantry, Brandywine, Trenton, Cowpens, &c., and came up with 300 continentals under col. was the last surviving officer of the DelaBuford, who surrendered after a short ware line. action. A few continuing to fire after the 1840. WILLIAM LEGOGET, a well known main body had surrendered, an indiscrim- political writer, died at Rochelle, near New inate slaughter ensued. Tarleton states York, when preparing for a diplomatic misthat 113 Americans were killed, 153 too sion to Guatemala. May 29.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 211 1848. THOMAS DICK LANDER, a distin- strength of his little army having doubled by guished Scottish literary writer, died. the supplies from Spain and the Antilles. 1849. SARAH J. HowE, an American The Spanish troops, in proceeding to their poetess and literary writer, died at Louis- posts, in commencing the siege, had ville. several engagements with the Mexicans. 1855. JESSE CHICKERING, an *American In attempting to break the aqueduct of statistician, died at Roxbury, Mass., aged Chapoltepec to cut off the water from the 57. He studied theology, and afterwards city, a powerful resistance was made. At medicine, but after a practice of ten years one assault, so thick was the shower of devoted himself to literature, and pro- arrows, darts and stones, which were shot duced works on population and immigra- at them, that 8 Spaniards were killed, and tion. more than fifty wounded, and they were 1856. The president transmitted to con- with difficulty able to retreat to Tlacopan, gress the announcement that he had ceased where they encamped. to hold diplomatic intercourse with the 1539. FERDINAND DE SOTO, landed on British minister, Mr. Crampton, on account the West coast of Florida, ill search of of his attempting to make enlistments for gold. He is supposed to have wandered the British service among the citizens of over many of the southern states; but bethe United States. ing disappointed in his great object, he returned without effecting a settlement. MAY 30. 1574. CHARLES IX, of France, died, aged 25. It was during his reign that the 542. ARTHUR, a British prince, died. fatal massacre of St. Bartholomews took He was a victorious warrior against the place, which renders his name odious. surrounding nations, and is celebrated as 1577. MARTIN FROBISHER, the English the founder of the knights of the round navigator, sailed on his second voyage for table at Winchester. the discovery of a north-west passage to 1216. Louts of France, at the invitation India. He coasted Greenland and Labraof the rebel English barons, crossed the dor, and returned with 200 tons of glitterchannel with 680 sail, and landed at Sand- ing stones and sand, which he had miswich. taken for gold ore. 1252. The epoch of the Alphonsine 1640. PETER PAUL RUBENS, the celebratabfies, constructed by Hazan, a Jew, by ted Flemish painter, died. He was also a order of Alphonso the wise, commencing statesman, and a man of learning. with the day of his accession to the throne 1654. CHRISTINA of Sweden abdicated of Leon and Castile. the throne, on which occasion she caused 1416. JEROME OF PRAGUE, burnt for the a medal to be struck, with the motto, heresy of protestantism, at Constance, and " Parnassus is worth more than a throne." suffered with great fortitude. 1658. Prince of Conde, at the head of 1431. JOAN OF ARC, the Maid of Orleans, 2000 cavalry, threw himself into Cambray, burnt at Rouen, for sorcery and intercourse then besieged by marshal Turenne. with infernal spirits, by the Englislh. 1663. DENIS DE SALLO, the inventor of Chapelaine celebrated her in 12 times literary journals, published the first number 1200 verses; Southey has made her the of the French Journal des Savans. subject of an epic, and Schiller of a tragedy. 1676. Hatfield, Mass., burnt by the In1484. CHARLES VIII (the affable), inau- dians. The town was attacked by about gurated at Rheims, in his 15th year. He 600 of the enemy, while the men were all was met at the gates by a young damsel, out in the fields at work except one who habited as Flora, who delivered him the was very old. They burnt 12 houses and keys of the city. barns without the fortification, and drove 1498. COLUMBUS sailed from the port of away the cattle and sheep. The news of St. Lucar de Barrameda, with a squadron this affair having reached the neighboring of six vessels, on his third voyage of dis- town of Hadley, 25 resolute young men covery, with additional powers. The In- hastened to the scene of desolation, and dians were to wear a mark of brass or lead charged the savages with such undaunted coin about their necks, which were to be courage, that five or six of them fell at the exchanged for others on the payment of first shot; and making their way through their tribute money. the thickest of the Indians, they threw 1521. The Spaniards under Cortez, in- themselves into the garrison, with the loss vested Mexico with 917 Spaniards and of five of their number, who fell as they 75,000 Indians, which were soon increased were entering the town. The enemy, to 200,000. He had 86 horses, 3 large amazed at the resolution of this little band, iron cannons, and 15 smaller of copper, and having lost 25 of their number, fled 1000 Castilian pounds of gun powder and from the place immediately, with their a large quantity of balls and arrows, the booty. 212 EVERY DAY BOOK. [May 30. 1688. Pere GERBILLON, one of the French He contributed much information respectJesuit Missionaries who accompanied Du ing the history and present condition of Halde to China, set out on his first journey Persia. into Tartary. His travels are published at 1837. CHRISTOPHER BROWNE, a soldier of length in the great work of Du Halde. the revolution, died at Philadelphia, aged (See Ap. 1, 96; May 24, 98; Oct. 13, 98.) 107. 1718. BERNARD NIEUWENTYD, a Dutch 1844. The Irish agitator DANIEL O'CONwriter on mathematics, died. NEL, sentenced to fine and imprisonment. 1744. ALEXANDER POPE died: the cele- 1848. Battle of Goito, Italy; the Ausbrated English poet and epistolary writer. trians defeated by the king of Sardinia. 1756. ELIZABETH ELSTOB, an English 1848. Ratifications of the treaty between literary lady, died. She was skilled in the United States and Mexico exchanged eight languages, and published a Saxon with the latter government at Quaretaro. grammar. 1848. General HERRERA elected president 1764. SIMON SACK, died at Trionia, aged of Mexico by 11 states against 5. 141. 1854. Three British steamers destroyed 1770. Fire works in honor of the mar- the ships, dockyards and stores at Braheriage of Louis XVI, of France, when about stadt, in the north of the gulf of Bothnia. 1100 persons were crushed to death in the 1854. The Turks made a sortie froml crowd. Silistria, and killed 3000 Russians in the 1775. Americans burnt the mansion trenches. house on Noddles island, and carried off 1854. PEREGRINE MAITLAND, a British the cattle. officer, died, aged 76. He served at Wal1778. MARIE FRANCIS AROUET DE VOL- cheren, in the Peninsula at Corunna, and TAIRE, the celebrated French philosopher, at Waterloo. For his services on the died. He was an extraordinary man, of Nive as commander of the first brigade of whom it has been said, he was a free guards, he received a medal. He had been thinker in London, a Cartesian in Ver- lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada and sailles, a Christian in Nancy, and an in- Nova Scotia, and commander-in-chief of fidel in Berlin. In society, he was alter- the Madras army. nately an Aristippus and a Diogenes. For 1856. The ship Pallas, sailing from Cork versatility of talent, his equal has, perhaps to Quebec, struck the breakers off St. Paul's never appeared. island and bilged; of 120 passengers 72 1796. Battle of Borghetto; Bonaparte were drowned. defeated the Austrians. 1799. The editor, printer and publisher of the London Courier, were fined and im- MAY 31. prisoned for saying that the emperor of Russia was a tyrant among his own sub- 1434. LADISLAUS IV, king of Poland, jects and ridiculous to the rest of Europe. died, aged 80; universally respected for 1801. JOHN MILLER, who wrote a his- all those virtues which should grace a torical view of the English government, throne. died at Glasgow. 1521. The siege of Mexico having been 1804. JEFFERSON issued a proclamation begun by Cortez, Sandoval with a division erecting the district of Mobile. of the Spaniards and more than 35,000 1806. Bonaparte issued a decree calling allies marched to the assault of the city of an assembly of Jewish deputies, for the Iztapalapan, situated about 8 miles from purpose of forming a Sanhedrim. Mexico, on the eastern border of the lake. 1813. American privateer Yankee, 16 Great havoc was made upon the people guns, captured British brig Thames, 14 and the city, devastated by fire. The inguns; cargo sold for $180,000. habitants attempting to escape by water, 1814. Treaty of Paris, between Louis were met by Cortez, who rushed among XVIII, and the allied sovereigns. The their frail boats with his brigantines, and latter left Paris the same day, on a visit to destroyed immense numbers of them. England. 1589. WALTER MILDMAY, an English 1826. JOHN BEATTY, a general officer in statesman, died; founder of Emanuel colthe war of the American revolution, died. lege. 1832. JAMES MACKINTOSH, an English 1658. Kingston, Ulster county, N. Y., statesman, died; known by his History of founded. England. He was employed principally 1672. Union between the colonies of in the affairs of India, during which he Massachusetts, Connecticut and Plymouth. found time for literary pursuits. 1680. CHRISTOPHER DAVENPORT, died; a 1833. JOHN MALCOLM, a general in the learned Englishman, who became a FranIndia service, died. He distinguished ciscan, and published several theological himself as a soldier, statesman and scholar, works. May 31.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 213 1707. SIMON PATRTIC, an English bishop, tasteful obelisk 100 feet high is raised to died, aged 80. He rose from the lowest his memory in his native Eskdale, Scotcondition by his own worth. land. 1723. WILLIAM BAXTER, an English 1835. WILLIAM SMITH, an English statescritic and grammarian, died, aged 73. Few man, died. He was 46 years a- member of litterateurs have commenced their career the British parliament. more unpromisingly; for at the age of 18 1839. Great Western steamship arrived he could neither read a word, nor could in New York from Bristol, in 13 days 8 he speak any thing but Welch; yet he hours, the shortest voyage from Europe to became a noted linguist, translated several America theretofore made. Latin authors, and compiled a Dictionary 1847. THOMAS CHALMERS, the eminent of British Antiquities. Scottish divine, whose powers of oratory 1731. PHILIP WHARTON, died; an Eng- were the admiration of the world, died at glish nobleman, remarkable for his eccen- Edinburgh, aged 67. tricities. 1853. THOMAS M. PETIT, director of the 1740. FREDERICK WILLIAM, king of Prus- United States mint, died at Philadelphia. sia, died. He was a wise and politic mon- 1853. The second American arctic expearch, who sought the prosperity of his dition left New York in search of Sir John subjects and the kingdom. Franklin, and for scientific purposes. 1745. Shah NADIR, defeated the Turks 1854. The British transport Europa, at Erzeroum. having troops on board, was totally de1775. The Americans landed on Pettick's stroyed by fire opposite Brest, and 21 lives island, near Boston, and carried off 500 lost. sheep and 30 cattle. 1854. Three wagon loads of powder, 1778. Col. ETHAN ALLEN arrived from 11,250 pounds, exploded in the street at England, and was received with discharges Wilmington, Delaware, killing several perof cannon. sons, and badly injuring 75 houses in the 1779. Stoney Point evacuated by the vicinity. Americans, and taken possession of by 1855. CHARLOTTE NICHOLLS, died; an Gen. Clinton. English authoress under the nom de plume 1791. Punishment by the wheel abolish- of Currer Bell. Her fame was established ed in France. by the novel of Jane Eyre. 1793. An armed force beset the palace 1855. The propeller Arctic and barque of the Tuilleries, and demanded the ar- Release, left Brooklyn navy yard under rest of the Brissotine party. command of Lieut. Hartstein, in search 1796. BONAPARTE dissolved the great of Dr. Kane and his companions in the council and took possession of Venice. Arctic sea. 1830. FREDERICK A. WILSON, inventor 1856. JOHN M. NILES, a Connecticut of gaslight, died at Paris. statesman, died, aged 68. He commenced 1832. MAXIMIL[AN LAMARQUE, died at the practice of the law in Hartford, in 1816, Paris; a dintinguished French officer, and and was concerned in establishing the defender of liberal principles. Hartford Times, which he principally edit1833. JOHN MALCOLM, a distinguished ed. He held various offices with distincphilanthropist and faithful servant of the tion; among others that of post master English East India Company, died. A general under Mr. Van Buren. JUNE. JUNE 1. tenced to death for "rebellious sedition and obtruding herself after banishment 67 B. c. Jotopata, in Judea, captured by on pain of death." the-Romans under Vespasian, on the first 1666. Great naval action between the of Panemus, in the 13th year of Nero. The Dutchunder de Ruyter and Tromp, and Encity was demolished, entombing 40,000 glish prince, Rupert, which continued four Jews, the number of slain. days with great fury, and the victory was 1205. HENBY DANDOLO, duke of Venice, claimed by both parties. died. He was a brave admiral, who took 1679. GRAHAM of Claverhouse defeated Constantinople, 1203, and had the mode- by the Scottish covenanters at Drumclog, ration to refuse the imperial dignity. Scotland. 1204. Rouen, the capital of Normandy, 1740. SAMUEL WERENFELS, a Swiss proconquered by the French, which with the fessor and author, died; respected for his Dutchy had been separated from France learning and many virtues. for 300 years. 1743. ROBERT LE LORRAINE, a celebrated 1450. JACK CADE'S rebellion broke out French sculptor, died. in England. 1764. The French carried off all the in. 1533. ANN BOLEYN crowned queen of habitants of Turk's island, in the'West England. Indies, with 9 English vessels. 1571. Dr. JOHN STORY, an unrelenting 1769. EDWARD HOLYOKE, president of persecutor of the protestants, was execut- Harvard college, died; an excellent mathed at Tyburn. On the accession of Eliza- ematician and natural philosopher. beth he fled to Flanders, and used all the 1774. Boston port bill went into operainfluence he possessed to injure the trade tion. Business closed at noon, and the of his native country. hqrbor was shut against all vessels. The 1572. Ovid's Elegies burned at Sta- citizens, on a short notice of 20 days, were tioner's hall by the order of the bishops of deprived of the means of gaining a subsistCanterbury and London. ence. Contributions were raised in other 1572. THOMAS, duke of Norfolk, execut- cities for their relief, and the inhabitants ed for high treason. He was the first sub- of Marblehead offered the merchants the ject in England by rank, and the qualities use of their wharves. Universal indignaof his mind corresponded with his high tion spread through the colonies against station. He fell a victim to love and this high handed measure of the British ambition, in attempting to marry Mary king and parliament. Stuart., 1780. American privateer Pickering, 16 1593. CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, an En- guns, Capt. Harridon, captured British glish dramatist and poet, murdered in an ship, Golden Eagle, 22 guns. affray. He was accounted an excellent 1783. CHARLES BYRNE, the Irish giant, poet in his time. died. His height was 8 feet 2 inches. 1603. Amanwaswhipped through London (See May 13, 1781, Roger Byrne). for going to court when his house was in- 1785. JOHN ADAMS, the first minister of.fected by plague. In this visitation 30,244 the United States of America to England, persons died. James I, to avoid this plague was presented to the king. retired to Wilton. 1791. The United States army under 1638. Earthquake in New England; it gen. Chas. Scott entered the Kikapoo viloccurred in the afternoon, and was so lages, on the Wabash, and taking the Inviolent as to shake down movable articles dians by surprise, extirminated their vilin houses, and formed a memorable epoch lages, killed and took many prisoners. He in the annals of the country. returned without theloss of a man killed 1660. MARY DYER executed. She was by the enemy. These savages committed a quakeress, who had been banished from great depredations on the frontiers, and Massachusetts, and on her return was sen- refused all terms of peace. June 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 215 1792. Kentucky admitted into the Union 1833. Cholera broke out at Lexington, with the conseNrt of Virginia. Ky., number of deaths to August 1st, 502. 1793. The armed Parisians again assem- 1835. OTHO, king of Greece, his minority bled with cannon around the convention, having ended, ascended the throne at and demanded the arrest of the Brissotine Athens, with appropriate ceremonies. party. The decree of accusation was passed. 1839. Port Gibson, Miss., destroyed by 1793. The death of Richard Crutwell, fire. the well known editor of the Bath Chronicle, 1841. DAvID WILKIE, an excellent Scotttook place at Cheltenham, England. ish painter, died at Gibraltar, on his re1794. Action between the French fleet, turn from Egypt, aged 56. He was the 26 ships of the line, under Joyeuse, and author of many celebrated works in his the British fleet, 25 ships, under lord profession. Howe. The French were defeated with 1843. Dr. JAMES HAGAN, q native of great loss. Ireland, but for several years a citizen of 1795. PETER JOSEPH DESAULT, a noted the United States, fell in a street fight in French surgeon, died. Vicksburgh, Miss., provoked by the vio1796. Tennessee admitted into the lence of his language as an editor. Union. 1846. Pope GREGORY XVI died. His 1797. Desperate engagement between an pontificate was 15 years. Algerine cruiser of 18 guns, well manned, 1846. A convention of delegates to reand a Corsican frigate of 26 nine and twelve vise the constitution of New York met at pounders. The action began at 7 in the Albany. morning, and was continued with unre- 1847. The steamer Washington, first of wnitted obstinacy until 3 in the afternoon, the Collins or American line, sailed from when a sloop and cutter coming up, the New York. frigate was towed off in a disabled condi- 1848. Defeat of the Danes by the Gertion, and the pirate being completely rid- mans. dled, they fired the magazine, and blew 1852. A submarine telegraph wire coatthemselves up. The A Igerine had a num- ed with gutta percha, was laid across the ber of Christian captives on board, and channel, from Holyhead, a distance of 80 was commanded by Sidney Beder, the miles, by which telegraphic communicaterror of the Spanish coast. tion was completed from London to Dublin. 1805. Detroit destroyed by fire. The 1854. Four British steamers attacked houses on 25 streets were consumed; 16 and destroyed the ships, dockyards and persons lost their lives, and the cattle, stores at Uleaborg. generally shared the same fate. 1854. EMILY CHUBBUCK, widow of Adon1807. Niesse, a Prussian fortress in Si- iram Judson, died at Hamilton, N. Y.; lesia, taken by the French under Jerome better known as Fanny Forrester, an acBonaparte, with 3,000 prisoners, and about complished woman, and a writer of con-,300 cannon. siderable celebrity. 1811. WILLIAM EATON, an American 1855. The republic of Nicaragua issued general, died; celebrated for his heroic a manifesto, proclaiming " martial law and achievements in the expedition against prohibiting the adventurers Kinney and Tripoli, 1798. Fabens," on pain of death from entering 1813. Action between the United States the republic for any cause. frigate Chesapeake, 36 guns, Capt. Lawrence, 2 days out from Boston, with a raw JUNE 2. crew, and British frigate Shannon, 38 guns, and a picked crew. The Chesapeake was 193. DIDIrs JULIANUS, emperor of Rome, captured, with the loss of Capt. Lawrence executed after a reign of 60 days, which and 146 killed and wounded,British loss 84. he purchased of the soldiers. 1815. ALEXANDER BERTHIER, a distin- 1581. JAMES DOUGLAS, earl Morton, was guished French officer, killed. He served guillotined at Edinburgh for the supposed in America during the revolutionary war, murder of lord Darnley. and afterwards signalized his talents and 1609. Seven ships, attended by two bravery under Bonaparte, who placed un- small vessels, with 500 people, sailed for limited confidence in him. Virginia, under sir Thomas Gates, sir Geo. 1832. THOMAS SUMTER, a distinguished Somers, and Christopher Newport. (See officer of the revolution, died, aged 97. May 23.) 1833. RENE SAVA.Rz, duke of Rovigo, 1627. CHARLES I granted to James Hay, died; one of the ministers of France under earl of Carlisle, by letters patent, all the Bonaparte. Caribbean islands. 1833. OLIVER WOLCOTT died; a states- 1653. Action between the English fleet man under Washington, and 10 years suc- under Monk, and the Dutch under Tromp. oessively governor of Connecticut. The action continued 2 days, and resulted 216 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 2. in the defeat of the Dutch, who lost 20 with a solitary shilling in his pocket. He ships taken or destroyed. lodged 30 years in one gloomy apart1656. Corner stone of the Dutch church, ment, which was never lighted up with laid in the centre of State street, in the city coal, candle, or the countenance of a visitof Albany, N. Y., by Rutger, Jacobsen one ant. It is said he never eat a morsel at of the magistrates. his own expense, and left about $35,000 1671. EDWARD LEIGH, a learned English- to relatives whom he had never seen. man, and member of the long parliament, 1805. British surrendered Diamond rock, died. Martinique, to the French. 1676. Indian battle near Mount Hope. 1811. CHRISTOPH, and MARIA LouIsA, his About 300 of the English, mounted on sable consort, crowned at Cape Francois, horses, with a number of friendly Indians, sovereigns of Hayti. in pursuit of Philip and his regiment of 1812. JOHN WILLIAM DE WINTER, a noted Wampanoags, came upon their camp, Dutch admiral, died at Paris. which had been newly pitched in a swamp. 1814. Peace between Great Britain and The friendly Indians upon a given signal France proclaimed in London. ran down upon them from one side, while 1843. JOHN CARY, a negro, died at the mounted soldiers attacked them from Washington, aged 114. He accompanied the opposite side, so that many of those Washington as his personal servant in the who fled were taken prisoners. The fruits old French war, and preserved a dress of this expedition were 3,000 of the enemy coat presented to him by the general, killed and taken, and among the prisoners which le had worn at the siege of Yorka Narraganset squaw called the old queen. town. None of the English, and but few of the 1854. The military force of Boston was allies were hurt in this assault. Philip called out to protect the government marescaped this pursuit, although it was an shal in delivering Anthony Burns, a fuirreparable blow to his plan of a general gitive slave, on board a Virginia vessel. extermination of the English settlements, No serious outbreak occurred, though and nearly completed his ruin. crowds thronged the streets, and hooted 1754. Earthquake at Cairo, in Egypt, and hissed and groaned, and threw miswhich neally destroyed the city, and siles at the military, and at the marshal and buried 40,000 of its inhabitants in the his assistants. ruins. 1855. There was a riot at Portland, Me.; 1779. Verplank's point, with a garrison a crowd attempted to seize with violence of 70, and 4 cannon, surrendered to the certain liquors, claimed to be owned by British gen. H. Clinton. the city; and, persisting, the military were 1780. Great riots in London. Lord called out and fired, killing one man and Gordon, at the head of 50,000 protestants, wounding others. went to parliament to present a petition against popery. 1781. French under BOUILLE took Tobago. JUNE 3. 1782. Battle of Arnee, in India, and defeat of Hyder Ally, by the British under 1098. Capture of Antioch, the capital of sir Eyre Coote. Syria, by the first crusaders. The sword 1783. WASHINGTON furloughed the sol- of Godfrey, says an eye witness, divided a diers of the war. Turk from the shoulder to the haunch; 1789. Baron KNYPHAUSEN, a Hessian and one half of the infidel fell to the general in the British service during the ground, while the other half was carried war of the American revolution, died at by his horse to the city gates. Berlin, in Prussia, aged 59. 1137. Cathedral of Rochester, in Eng1791. The city of Anapa, in Asia, storm- land, burned. ed and taken from the Turks by the Rus- 1162. THOMAS A BECKET made archsians. In the assault many were put to bishop of Canterbury. the sword, and a pasha and 14,000 made 1594. JOHN AYLMER, a learned and beneprisoners. volent English prelate, died. He was tutor 1793. BRISSOT and several other mem- to lady Jane Grey, and more noted for his bers of the convention arrested in Paris. severity against the Puritans than for his 1795. M. DAMBOURNEY died at Rouen; learning. distinguished as a merchant and a man of 1609. MARY ELLIS died at Leigh, Engscience. land, aged 119. Her inscription informs 1802. British house of commons voted the reader that " she was a virgin of virDr. Jenner ~10,000 for his discovery of tuous courage and very promising hopes.'" the vaccine inoculation. 1611. Lady ARABELLA SEYMOUR escaped 1803. THOMAS PETT, an English miser, from confinement in the tower of London died. He went to London at the age ot 10, by stratagem. June 3.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 217 1647. King CHARLES I of England ar- 1789. PAUL EGEDE died, aged 81; author rested by Joyce with 500 cavalry, at Hol- of an.Account of Greenland, and a zealous denby. missionary there. 1649. FARIA E. SOUSA, a Castilian his- 1790. Action between the Swedish and torian and lyric poet, died. He devoted Russian fleets, in which the former were himself with great ardor to literature, and defeated with great loss. wrote, by his own account, 12 sheets daily. 1802. Madame MARA, the celebrated He labored 25 years on a commentary on vocalist, took leave of the English stage. the Lusiade, which was prohibited by the 1805. Peace concluded between the inquisition. United States and Tripoli; the American 1657. WILLIAM HARVEY, an English prisoners to be liberated. physician, died; celebrated as the dis- 1808. PHILIP SCHUYLER, an officer of the coverer of the circulation of the blood. revolution, died at Albany, aged 73. He 1665. Naval action between the British possessed a mind of great vigor and enterfleet, 114 sail, besides fire ships, under the prise, and was characterized by integrity duke of York and prince Rupert, and the and amiableness. Dutch under admiral Opdam. The latter 1826. NICHoLAI MIKHAELOVITCH KARAMwere defeated, with the loss of 19 ships SIN died. He was one of the most eminent sunk or taken. The admiral's ship was Russian writers that country has yet problown up with himself and all the crew. duced. The English lost but one ship. 1832. JEAN PIERRE ABEL REMUSAT died; a 1689. Six captains with 400 men in distinguished French orientalist, and proNew York, and a company of 70 men from fessor of the Chinese and Tartar languages East Chester, joined Leisler in holding the in the college of France. fort at New York for the prince of Orange. 1836. BARRY EDWARD O'MEARA died; 1694. The duke of SAvoY, at the in- formerly surgeon to Napoleon, and author stance of England and Holland decreed of Napoleon in Exile, and other works. the free exercise of their religion to the 1840. The steam packet Unicorn, the first Vaudois. steam vessel from England to Boston, ar1732. EDMUND CALAMY died; an eminent rived in the latter port in 18 days from English divine among the non-conformists. Liverpool. 1740. JETHRO TULL died; celebrated as 1844. ALEXANDER J. DALLAS, an Amerithe first Englishman who bestowed par- can commodore, died on board his frigate ticular attention on agriculture, and en- in Callao bay, having been in the naval deavored to reduce it to a science. service 39 years. 1759. AdmiralRoDNEY bombarded Havre 1848. Gunpowder explosion at Vera de Grace, France, 52 hours without inter- Cruz, by which several buildings were inmission. jured and 20 persons killed, mostly wo1769. Transit of Venus over the sun's men. disc. Capt. Cook sailed from England to Otaheite with scientific men, to take an ob- JUNE 4. servation there. As it had never been seen but twice before by any inhabitant of 1137. The greater part of the city of our planet, and could never be seen again York, its cathedral, and 39 churches by any person then living, it caused con- burned. siderable excitement among the scientific 1453. ALVAREZ DE LUNA, a Spanish in Europe. It was also observed by our statesman, executed. He acquired such countryman David Rittenhouse, at Phila- an ascendancy over the king that he was delphia. himself the monarch more than 30 years. 1770. The city of Port-au-prince, St. 1520. A famous interview between the Domingo, destroyed by an earthquake. kings of England and France, near Guis1776. During the celebration of a wed- nes. ding at Mantua, the floor of the house gave 1561. St. Paul's, London, burnt, having way, and 66 persons were killed, among stood nearly four centuries. Its dimenwhom was the bride. sions were 960 feet in length, 130 in 1780. THOMAS HUTCHINSON, a governor breadth, and surmounted by a spire 520 of Massachusetts, died. He published a feet high. valuable history of the colony from 1628 1585. MARK ANTHONY MURETUS died; a to 1749, and a third volume has been French critic and poet. compiled from his manuscripts, extending 1663. WILLIAM JUXON, archbishop of it to 1774. Canterbury, died. He was the friend of 1788. Lord MANSFIELD, of England, re- Laud, by whose influence he was promotsigned his chief justiceship of the king's ed, and by whose fall he was a great sufbench, a station he had occupied with dis- ferer. He was exemplary in his conduct tinguished reputation for 32 years. and irreproachable in the discharge of his 28 218 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 4. duties; and on the restoration was raised 1800. FRANCIS BULLER, an eminent Engto the see of Canterbury. lish judge, died. 1665. JOHN LAWSON, an English admiral, 1801. Genoa united to France; Eugene killed. Beauharnais appointed viceroy of Italy, by 1691. Baltimore in Ireland taken by the Bonaparte, who at the same time appointEnglish under general Ginkle. ed the order of the iron crown. 1711. The fleet of transports containing 1803. FRANCIS XAVIER TALBOT died; a 5,000 troops from England and Flanders, French ecclesiastic, and author of some designed for the reduction of Canada, ar- poems. rived at the port of Boston, under sir 1804. Vaccination for the cowpox introHoveden Walker, after a passage of one duced with great success in Persia. month's duration. 1805. The American prisoners at Tripoli 1725. A general assembly of the kirk of liberated. Scotland met at Edinburgh. 1807. EDWARD DILLY, a benevolent and 1731. A person sentenced at the old distinguished bookseller, died. His purse Bailey court of London to be hanged for and advice were always at the service of forgery; said to have been the first capital the deserving. punishment for that offence. 1808. A new constitution formed for 1737. FRANCIS LE MOINE, an excellent Spain by Bonaparte. French painter, ran himself through with 1813. The French under Joseph Bonaa sword in a fit of lunacy. parte and Jourdan evacuated Valladolid, 1738. Birthday of GEORGE III of Eng- Spain. land. He began his reign at the age of 22, 1816. Treaty between the United States and occupied the throne 60 years. and Weas and Kickapoo Indians. 1744. ANSON arrived in England after a 1817, CLOTILDA TAMBRONI, an Italian voyage of three years round the world. poetess, died. 1745. Battle of Hohenfriedberg, between 1819. Washington lodge of independent the army of Frederick II of Prussia, and order of Odd Fellows organized at Baltithat of prince Charles of Lorrain, in which more, Md., the first lodge of the order in the latter was defeated with the loss of the United States. 4,000 killed and 7,000 prisoners. 1823. Louis NICHOLAS DAVOUST, duke of 1745. ALExIS NORMAND, advocate of the Auerstadt.and prince of Eckmuhl, died; parliament of Paris, died; justly celebrat- one of Napoleon's bravest generals. ed for his love of justice. 1829. Steam frigate Fulton blown up, 1746. Battle of San Lazaro; the French and 26 persons killed. defeated in an assault upon the Austrian 1835. OWEN PUGHE died in Wales; aucamp, with the loss of 15,000 killed, thor of a Welsh and English Dictionary, and wounded, and prisoners, 60 colors and 10 styled the Johnson of Wales. cannon. 1837. ABIEL HOLMES, a learned American 1792. First legislature of Kentucky met. clergyman, died, aged 74; known prin1792. Route between Pennsylvania and cipally by his.American Annals, one of the the Genesee country in New York ex- most valuable historical publications that plored. has been written in this country. 1792. JOHN BURGOYNE, a British officer 1843. ANDREW BELL died at Perth Amand dramatist, died. He was " tint at boy, N. J., for many years surveyor for the Saratoga." proprietors of that state. 1794. Port-au-prince, St. Domingo, tak- 1844. JESSE SMITH died at Salem, Mass. en by the British. They found 131 can- aged 88. He fought at Bunkers hill, and non, &c., 13 ships and 9 brigs laden, and also at almost every other scene of conother vessels. flict during the war of the American re179 6. Battle of Altenkirchen; the French volution. under Kleber defeated the Austrians and 1848. MATTHEW GIREGORY died at Albany, took much booty. aged 91; a revolutionary soldier, who was 1798. Battle of Tubberneering; the unit- at the capture of Cornwallis; the noted ed Irishmen defeated the English under keeper of the Tontine in the early part of colonel Walpole, who was shot through the the century. head. 1854. A riot occurred at Brooklyn, N.Y., 1799. Battle of Zurich between the between the advocates of street preaching French under Massena, and the Austrians and the catholics, when many persons were under the archduke Charles. killed and wounded, and quiet was only 1800. Cisalpine republic re-established restored by the aid of the military. by Bonaparte. 1856. ALEXANDER CRICHTON, an English 1800. The English squadron under Pel- physician, died near London, aged 93. lew attacked Quiberonin France, destroyed He was for many years physician in orthe forts and brought off several vessels. dinary to the emperor Alexander I, of June 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 219 Russia, and was the oldest member of the 1757. CHARLES VINER died; an eminent Royal society. English law writer. 1781. Fort Cornwallis, at Augusta, Ga., surrendered with 300 men to the AmeriJUNE 5. cans under Pickens and Lee. The latter had 40 killed during the siege which last1402. HENRY IV tried to dispel by procla- ed 17 days. mation the rumors of Richard VI having 1783. First public ascension of a balloon. appeared in Scotland. It was made at Annonay, in France, by 1465. ENRIQUE IV, a weak king of Cas- John and Stephen Montgolfier. An imtile, deposed and solemnly degraded in the mense bag of linen lined with paper, and public square at Avila, and his brother containing 23,000 cubic feet, was provided Alonzo proclaimed king in his stead. for the occasion. It was inflated by burn1480. CAXTON completed the printing of ing chopped straw and wool under the the history of England, which he thus an- aperture of the machine, which immenounced: The Chronicles of England,.c. diately began to swell; and on being set Enputed by me William Caxton. In thab- at liberty ascended 6,000 feet into the air. bey of Westmynstre by London, 4c., the v day As yet no individual had ascended. of Juyn the yere of thincarnacion of our lord 1790. The steam boat constructed by god m.cccc.lxxx, 4ac.," folio. John Fitch, left the city of Philadelphia at 1508. LAMORAL EGMONT, count of Holland, 4 o'clock in the morning for Trenton beheaded by order of the Spanish duke of landing; from which place she returned Alva, at Brussels. He was a renowned to Philadelphia again at 5 in the afternoon, general in the Spanish armies, but they performing 80 miles against a strong head were jealous of his partialities for his own wind all the way down, and 16 miles country's liberty. against current and tide. It was propelled 1594. Three ships fitted out by some by 12 oars, and was the first successful exAmsterdam and Zealand merchants, for periment in America, and the most successthe purpose of discovering a passage to ful one in the world at that time —16 years India by the Northern ocean, sailed from before the triumph of Fulton. the Texel under Willem Barentszoon and 1792. DAvID HENRY, an English printer, Jacob Heemskerk, shaping their course died. He was for more than half a cenaround Nova Zembla. tury an active manager of the Gentlemen's 1603. The English merchants trading to Magazine, and published several other the Levant surrendered their patent to the valuable works. king. They paid ~4,000 annually for this 1794. Battle near Schecketschine, becommercial monopoly. yond the Vistula, in which the Russians 1667. JOHN HENRY HOTTINGER, a learned defeated the Poles under Kosciusko. Swiss orientalist, drowned in the Limmat. 1794. A small island emerged from the Notwithstanding the assiduity with which sea near the island of Tenedos. It was he applied himself to his numerous avoca- about half a mile in circumference. tions he found time to write several 1798. United Irishmen repulsed with works. great loss in an attack on New Ross. The 1672. An Indian deed under this date British, on the score of retaliation put to granted to the inhabitants of Schenectady death 221 prisoners, men, women and a territory of three miles (12 English miles) children. all around that town. 1799. Bonaparte reached Jaffa on his re1690. THOMAs BAKER, an English mathe- treat from St. Jean d'Acre, where he rematician and general scholar, died at mained three days; during which time the Bishops Nymmet, where he lived a retired French burnt the neighboring villages, and literary life. carried away all the grain and cattle; they 1716. ROGER COTES, an English mathe- also destroyed all the fortifications at Jaffa, matician and astronomer, died, aged 33. and threw the artillery into the sea. He was rapidly acquiring distinction in 1799. The archduke CHARLES compelled science, and his loss was much regretted. the French under Massena to evacuate 1724. HENRY SACHEVERELL, a notorious Zurich. English prelate, died. He made himself 1800. A signal defeat of five columns obnoxious to parliament by the intem- of Austrians by two French, on the IIperance of his sermons. The mob took ler. up his cause, and the ministry was over- 1806. NAPOLEoN proclaimed his brother turned. He does not seem to have de- Louis Bonaparte king of Holland. served much of the adulation bestowed 1807. Battle of Spandau, in which the upon him. Russians attacked the French under Berna1745. Battle of Placentia, in which the dotte, and were repulsed with the loss of Spaniards and French were defeated. 1,200 killed. 220 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 5. 1811. Venezuela in South America de- 1856. Governor JOHNSON, of California, dared itself independent. declared San Francisco to be in a state of 1813. Battle of Stoney creek, Canada, insurrection. in which the Americans were attacked by 1856. ASA CUMMINGS, an American dithe British in the night. American loss vine, died at sea, aged 65. He was editor 30 killed and about 180 taken. British of the Christian Mirror at Portland, Me., loss about 250. from 1826 to 1855, and was deeply inter1816. JOHN PAISIELLO, an Italian com- ested in the cause of missions and educaposer, died at Naples. His reputation ex- tion. tended over the whole continent, and his presence was courted by the sovereigns of Europe. His works are numerous and in JUNE 6. high repute. 1826. CARL MARIA VON WEBER, the ce- 356. B. c. Birthday of ALEXANDER, the lebrated German musical composer, died at Great, on the sixth day of Lous (HecatomParis. He is one of the best of the modern baon) during the Olympic games, in the authors. first year of the 106th Olympiad, at Pella. 1827. The academy of sciences at Paris This joyful deliverance was notified to Philip had presented to them at their sitting this at the falling of Potidnea; and two other day, the phenomenon of a woman with a messengers reached his camp on the same breast in her left thigh, with which she day, announcing that his race horse had suckled her own and several other chil- gained the prize at the games, and that dren. Parmenio his captain had defeated the 1828. HARRY STOE VAN DYCK, a poetical Illyrians. It was on the night of this very and miscellaneous writer, of Dutch des- day that the celebrated temple of Diana cent, died near London. In conjunction was burnt to the ground by Eratostratus, with Bowring he translated specimens of an Ephesian youth who fondly panted for the Dutch poets, under the title of Batavian an infamous reputation. Anthology, which procured each of them a 1210. King JOHN, landed in Ireland, and handsome medal from the king of Holland. received the homage of twenty native 1847. The celebrated African farmer of princes. Cedar creek, Del., died, almost 118 years 1439. The act of union between the of age. Greek and Latin churches, took place in 1852. JACQUES PRADIER died near Paris, the cathedral of Florence, where the conaged 54; the most distinguished sculptor tracting parties met, at the instigation of of his day in France. John Palaeologus; but was sundered by the 1852. JOHN HOWARD PAYNE died at Tunis, act of Russia. Africa, aged 60. He was a native of New- 1481. BATTISTA FRESCOBALDI and others York, and long styled on English boards engaged in a conspiracy to assasinate Lothe American Roscius. He was British renzo de Medici, executed at Florence. consul at Tunis at the time of his death. 1487. Battle of Stoke; the earl of Lin1854. A large elephant attached to a coin defeated and slain by the king Henry menagerie, while going from Providence, VII. R. I., to Fall River, Mass., broke loose from 1527. Pope CLEMENT VII, surrendered his keeper, and before he could be captured the castle of St. Angelo, and gave up himattacked all the carriages that he encoun- self a prisoner to the imperialists, under tered on the road, killing the horses, tear- Philbert de Chalons, prince of Orange, ing the wagons to pieces, and severely in- who succeeded the duke of Bourbon. juring several persons. 1533. LuDovIco ARIOSTO, the Italian 1854. JOHN FRYALL SNODGRASS, a dis- poet, died. His Orlando Furioso procured tinguished and successful Virginia lawyer, him the laurel crown at Rome, which was died at Parkersburg, aged 50. He was an placed upon his brow by the emperor influential and valuable member of the Charles V. convention for revising the constitution in 1577. On Corpus Christi's Eve, the usual 1850, and fell dead in court while trying a celebration greatly aggrieved the perth cause. weekly assembly. The play being judged 1855. The National Know-nothing, or idolatrous. American convention assembled at Phila- 1597. WILLIAM HUNIS, one the contridelphia. butors to the metrical theology of the times 1855. The British frigate Cossack ap- of Edward VI, died. Edward himself was peared off Hango Udd, and sent a boat on no mean writer. %Hunis versified the whole shore under a flag of truce, and the men book of Genesis, calling it a hive full of landed; when the boat was fired on and honey. sunk, and the crew killed or wounded and 1650. ANTHONY ASCHAM a friend of taken prisoners. Cromwell, and member of the long parlia June 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 221 ment, assassinated. He was at the time English jurist, died, aged 85. He was a envoy to Spain, and the deed was perpe- man of great learning and eccentricity, trated by six exiled royalists there. and devoted his long life to laborious study. V60. CHARLES II, issued a proclama- 1853. The Italian ecclesiastic Gavazzi, tion for the regicides to surrender, that lectured at Quebec, and gave rise to a they might not be excepted from the riot. general pardon: 19 availed themselves of the 1854. JOHN SPEED SMITH, a highly inproclamation, but 19 others doubting the telligent and cultivated Kentucky gentlesincerity of the government, disobeyed the man, died. He was repeatedly a member summons. of the Kentucky legislature, and served 1693. Dr. PITCARINE, published at Ley- two years in congress. den his dissertation on the circulation of 1855. The bombardment of Sebastopol the blood through the veins. was reopened with 157 guns and mortars 1710. LouISE FRANCOISE VALLIERE, wife on the part of the British, and above 300 of the duke of Orleans, and mistress of on the part of the French. Louis XIV, died. She spent the last 35 years of her life in a cloister in acts of piety and devotion. JUNE 7. 1745. A body of Silesian peasants, at Landshut, 2000 in number, sought per- 218. MARcus OPILIUS SEVERUS MACRINUrS, mission of the king,Frederick II, to mas- emperor of Rome, beheaded by his solsacre the Roman catholics. He refused to diers. He was an African, and rose from allow the barbarous demand. the obscurest situation to the throne on 1749. Conspiracy of the Turkish slaves the death of Caracalla. at Malta to exterminate the order of knights. 632. MAHOMET (or Mohammed), founder 1761. British under lord Rolla took of the Islam religion, died, aged 62. His Dominica. followers are now computed at one hun1762. GEORGE ANsoN, the circumnavi- dred millions. gator, died, aged 62. His life was spent 1099. The army of Christians comprisupon the ocean, and he rendered important ing the first crusade, encamped before services to his country, for which he was Jerusalem. The first army led on by Perewarded. ter the Hermit, numbered at the outset 1780. Riots in London continued, oc- 300,000; another of 600,000 followed, casioned by the property act. The rioters burning with zeal to rescue the holy land liberated the prisoners confined in the from the Moslem dominion. Battle, deprisons, and totally destroyed Newgate by sertion and disease had thinned their ranks fire. so that now there remained scarce 22,000 1794. Point a Petre, Guadaloupe, storm- fit for the field, of all that vast host that ed by the French. had marshaled in Europe. 1799. PATRICK HENRY, an eminent Vir- 1329. ROBERT BRUCE, king of Scotland, ginian patriot, orator and statesman, died, died. He succeeded by repeated and aged 63. He was chosen the first governor arduous efforts in freeing his country from of Virginia, on the abdication of lord the English yoke, and when he had acDunmore. complished his purpose, he devoted him1800. Sir EDWARD PELLEW'S squadron self to advance the prosperity of his sublanded and destroyed the forts at Morbi- jects. han, in France, blew up the magazines, 1520. Famous interview between HENRY destroyed the guns, took 100 prisoners, 2 VIII of England and Francis I of France, brigs of 18 guns, 2 sloops and 2 gun ves- upon " the field of the cloth of gold," on sels. English ground. It continued eighteen 1807. Battle of Deppen, in which the days. French cut to pieces a body of Russians. 1546. Archbishop CRANMER and the 1807. Battle of Eylau, between the queen accused of heresy, but protected by French and Russians; 30,000 of the latter Henry. were killed. 1565. Sir THOMAS GRESHAM, laid the 1808. Spanish Junta declared war against foundation of the RoyalExchange, London, Bonaparte. Same day he issued a degree on the model of the Mart at Antwerp, then at Bayonne, declaring his brother Joseph the centre of commerce. iing of Spain and the Indies. 1593. LOPEZ, a Jew, the queen's physi1832. Riots commenced in Paris be- cian, convicted and with others executed, tween the Carlists and republicans united, for conspiring to destroy Elizabeth. and the National guards. The rioters 1629. Charters graned to patroons in the were finally overpowered, after several colony of New Netherland, now New days' resistance and great slaughter. York. 1832. JEREMY BENTHAM, a celebrated 1660. An order of council that the Sta 222 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 7. tioners' company do seize and deliver to 1780. About 5000 British under Knypthe secretary of state, all copies of Bu- hausen, Tryon and Stirling, left Staten chanan's History of Scotland, and De Jure Island and entered Elizabethtown, N. J.; Regni apud Scotus, " which are very perni- continuing their march five miles farther cious to monarchy, and injurious to his to Connecticut farms, they shot the minismajesty's blessed progenitors." ter's wife in the midst of her children, 1663. Second war at Esopus, now Kings- burnt the house and church, and had ton, in Ulster county, New York. much other pastime of the like character. 1673. Action between the Dutch admiral 1786. A small manuscript volume of de Ruyter, and the French and English prayers composed and written by queen fleets, commanded by d'Estrees. Elizabeth, sold at auction for 100 guineas. 1692. Great earthquake in Jamaica; 1794. Battle of Chelm; the Poles denine-tenths of Port Royal buried under feated by the Russians. water, and terrible devastations were made 1795. The royalist expedition against over the whole island. About 1000 acres Quiberon, assisted by English muniwere sunk northward of the city, and tions and money, terminated disastrously 2000 persons perished; and 3000 white for the royal cause. The Republicans obinhabitants perished of pestilential dis- tained possession of clothing and equipeases ascribed to the putrid effluvia issuing ments which had been landed for 40,000 from the apertures. men. 1711. HENRY DODwELL, a learned Eng- 1795. Luxemburgh in Belgium, under lish writer, died, aged 70. His writings, marshal baron de Ben"der, surrendered to which are very numerous, and which the French under Gen. Hatry. prove him to have been a man of indefati- 1798. Battle of Antrim; lord O'Niel gable diligence and extensive learning, killed with a pike. are on controversial, theological and clas- 1805. The Antigua convoy for England, sical subjects. captured and burnt by the combined 1731. WILLIAM AIKMAN, an eminent French and Spanish fleets. Scottish painter, died. He was the inti- 1811. Tremendous hail storm at Alexanmate friend of the most distinguished dria, Virginia. characters of the day in England, whose 1826. JOSEPH VON TRAUNHOFER, died; portraits he painted, and thus unwittingly a celebrated German optician. added much to their celebrity. 1831. SARAH SIDDONS, a celebrated Eng1751. JOHN MACHIN, a noted English lish tragic actress, died. She was the astronomer, died. He is the author of a daughter of Roger Kemble, manager of a method of determining the quadrature of strolling company, married Siddons in her the circle. 18th year, and in 1782, appeared at Drury 1753. ARCHIBALD CAMERON, brother of Lane in the character of Isabella. Her Lochiel, executed; recently the estates of course from that time was a perpetual trithis attainted family have been restored. umph, and in 1812 she retired to private The execution of this gentleman has al- life with an ample fortune. ways been held as a specimen of ministerial 1836. NATHAN DRAKE, an English physicruelty. cian, died; also a highly respectable and 1761. Belleisle, on the coast of Brittany, voluminous author. surrendered to the British. Its reduction 1836. JOHN PRINCE, an American clergycost an immense sum, besides the loss of man, died at Salem, Mass., aged 85; dis2000 choice troops, who perished in the tinguished for his talents and literary expedition. British had 313 killed and acquirements, and for his improvements 494 wounded. in the air pump. 1769. ANTHONY ALEXANDER HENRY 1840. FREDERICK WILLIAM III, king of POINSINET, died; a French dramatic writer. Prussia, died, aged 70. He is characterized 1775. The general court of Massachusetts as an honest, just and economical ruler. met at Salem, and chose delegates to the Destined to take an active part in the first congress. great events which followed the French 1779. WILLIAM WARBURTON, bishop of revolution, his reign was distinguished by Gloucester, died; an English prelate of great vicissitudes of ill fortune and sucgreat abilities. cess. He left a fortune of nearly twenty 1780. London riots continued. King's millions of dollars. bench, Fleet prison, New Bridewell, and 1848. GEORGE TRIPNER, an officer of the the toll gates on Blackfriar's bridge, &c., revolution, died at Philadelphia, aged 87. burnt. The military fired on the rioters, He was at many of the severest battles of killed 210 and wounded 258. the war, and throughout the entire cam1780. Unsuccessful attempt of the Span- paign rendered no little service to his lards with 10 fire ships to burn 3 British country. ships in the new mole, Gibralter bay. 1848. Whig convention at Philadelphia June 7.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 223 nominated Gen. Zachary Taylor for the diplomatist under Elizabeth, died. He presidency. wrote an account of his embassy in Rus1852. HosEA BALLOU, a distinguished sia, 1568, which may be found in Hakluyt's universalist preacher, died, aged 80. He Voyages. was excluded from the baptist church, 1683. JOHN DURELL, an eminent Engand began to preach in 1791. lish divine, died. His writings are chiefly 1853. Important amendments were made controversial. to the New York city charter, restraining 1692. HENRY ARNAULD, a French ecthe power of municipal officers in money clesiastic, died. He was nearly half a cenmatters, which were adopted by a vote of tury bishop of Angers, and devoted him36,672 against 3,351. self incessantly to the duties of his office. 1855. The allies attacked and carried 1695. CHRISTIAN HUYGENS, a celebrated some of the Russian outworks at Sebas- Dutch mathematician, died. He made topol; the French, those in front of the several astronomical discoveries, and imMamelon, and the British the quarries in proved the air pump. His works comof the Redan. The Russians made six front prise 6 vols. 4to. attempts in the course of the night to 1709. Paper money first authorized and recover them, but without success. British issued in New York. loss in killed and wounded 30 officers and 1711. CATHARINE LASCAILLE, daughter 433 men; French loss in killed and wound- of the celebrated Holland printer, James ed estimated at 400; 75 guns and 502 Lascaille, who herself was so famed as a prisoners were taken' from the Russians. poet, as to be called the Dutch Sappho, or 1856. CHRISTIAN WULF, a Danish naval the tenth muse, died in Holland. officer, died at Beaufort, N. C., aged 46. 1714. The princess SOPHIA died; fourth He was sometime at the head of the naval daughter of the king of Bohemia by Eliacademy at ~Copenhagen, and inheriting zabeth, only daughter of James I, of Engthe literary taste of his father, admiral land. She was the mother of George I. Wulf, he translated Shakspere, and Ban- 1727. AUGUSTUS HERMAN FRANCKE died; croft's History of the United States, and at professor of oriental languages and of dithe time of his death was making the tour vinity at Halle, and distinguished for his of the United States. learning and piety. 1747. THAMAS KOULI KHAN, the Persian JUNE 8. conqueror, assassinated. He rose from the humble rank of a shepherd boy, to be 68. CLAUDIUS DOMITIUS NERO, emperor the captain of a band of robbers, which in of Rome, destroyed himself at the age of time became sufficientlyformidable to place 32, and the 14th of his dominion. He had him on the throne of Persia. He extended committed every enormity, and finding his conquests into India, and overran some himself at last the inevitable victim of a of its richest provinces. conspiracy, he was doomed to see his own 1755. Action off Newfoundland, between grave prepared, and died with his eyes the British ship Dunkirk, 60 guns, and standing out of his head, to the terror of 420 men and boys, and the French ship all that beheld him. Alcide, 64 guns, 700 men. The Alcide 1042. HARDICANUTE died at a nuptial struck in about 30 minutes; the slaughter feast of a Danish lord. By his death the on board of her was very great, the first connection between the kingdoms of Eng- broadside killing 47 men and officers. The land and Denmark was severed. governor of Louisburg and 4 officers of 1316. Louis X (Hutin), king of Navarre, note were taken, and ~30,000. died, aged 26. During his short reign the 1764. WILLIAM PULTENEY, an English Jews were protected and encouraged in statesman, died. He was many years the his dominions. friend of Walpole, finally opposed his 1376. EDWARD, prince of Wales (called measures and was disgraced. He continued the black prince from the color of his ar- his opposition with so much zeal and mor), died, aged 46. He distinguished spirit, that Walpole was in turn disgraced, himself as a warrior under his father Ed- and himself rose in his place. ward III in the war with France, in sev- 1768. ABBE JOHN WINCKELMAN, a celeeral famous battles, and was the idol of the brated German antiquary, assassinated at nation. Trieste. He was the son of a shoemaker, 1405. Archbishop SCROOP beheaded at and sometime engaged in the same busiYork, England, for insurrection. ness himself. His labors were indefatiga1536. HENRY VIII's new parliament ble, and his works possess great merit. passed an act of attainder against Anne 1768. ANDREW MILLAR, the most disBoleyn, and declared both divorces legal, tinguished bookseller of his times, died in and the issue illegitimate. London. Dr. Johnson said he had raised 1590. THOMAS RANDOLPH, an English the price of literature. 224 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 8. 1776. Unsuccessful attempt of 800 Amer- born on Staten island, of Dutch parenticans to surprise the British at the village age, and was a soldier in the regular servof Trois Rivieres, Canada; 200 were taken ice nearly 60 years. He died in Warren prisoners. Same day the Americans un- county, Tennessee, and was the last surder col. De Haas, burnt St. Annes, on the vivor of the old French war in Canada. St. Lawrence. 1842. HENRY BROOK PARNELL, famed as 1781. A reinforcement of 1,500 French a political writer and liberalist, died by troops landed at Boston, and marched to his own hand. join Rochambeau at White plains. 1842. JAMES BARBOUR, a distinguished 1782. HYDER ALLY surrounded and cut American statesman, died in Orange co., off the advanced body of the British army Virginia. under sir Eyre Coote. 1844. JAMES WADSWORTH, a distinguish1788. ~1,340,000 voted on motion of ed and wealthy citizen of western New Mr. Pitt for the benefit of American loyal- York, died at Geneseo. ists. 1845. ANDREW JACKSON, an American 1793. British order in council to capture general and statesman, died, aged 78. He vessels bound to France with corn meal or was the seventh president of the United flour, the cargoes to be paid for. States. 1794. Festival in Paris dedicated to the 1854. GEORGE H. TALCOTT, a captain of Supreme Being. ordinance in the United States army, died 1794. Corsica united to England. at Indian springs, aged 43. He was a na1794 GODFRED AUGUSTUS BURGER, a tive of Maryland, and graduated at WestGerman poet, died, aged 46. point in 1831. 1795. Louis XVII (the dauphin), died. 1856. HENRY WARE WALES, an AmeriThe unhappy prince was put in charge of can linguist, died at Paris, aged 37, bea wretch, on the execution of his father, queathing a large and valuable library to by the name of Simon, a cobbler, with the Harvard college. instructions that he was to be got rid of, 1857. DOUGLAS JERROLD, an English Accordingly, by the most severe treatment, dramatist and journalist, died, aged 54. by beating, cold, vigils, fasts, and ill usage He was an extraordinary genius, and conof every kind, he sank to the grave. tributed to almost. every department of 1806. GEORGE WYTHE, a signer from literature. Virginia, died, aged 81. He was a learned and upright man. JUNE 9. 1807. Battle of Gutstadt, in which the French under Bonaparte defeated 10,000 587 B. c. On the 9th Thammug, an Russian cavalry, and 15,000 infantry, especial fast of the Jews was observed for taking 1,000 prisoners. the taking of Jerusalem under Nebuchad1809. THOMAS PAINE, a political writer nezzar, king of Babylon, on that day. of great force during the revolution, died, 597. COLUMBA, the founder of the faaged 72. His writings were deemed of so mous monastry of Iona, or Icolmkill, in much service that the legislature of Penn- the Scottish Hebrides, died. This island sylvania voted him ~500, and New York was in that age the luminary of the Calemade him a grant of land. His life and donian regions. conduct subsequently was extremely im- 911. LEo VI (the philosopher), emperor of prudent and reprehensible. the east, died. He was a politic monarch, 1809. Battle of Viga; the French, 8,000, the patron of men of letters, and an exunder Ney, attacked 12,000 Spaniards un- cellent author himself. der Carera; and were repulsed. 1075. HENRY IV defeated the Saxons at 1810. Mequienza, in Arragon, surrender- Thuringia. ed to the French under Suchet. This 1099. The siege of Jerusalem opened by terminated the fourth campaign in the the first crusaders. Godfrey of Bouillon north- of Spain. erected his standard on the first swell of 1811. Extraordinary agitation of the sea mount Calvary; to the left as far as St. and earthquake at Cape Town. Stephen's gate the line of attack was con1813. Americans under general LEwIS tinued by Tancred and the two Roberts, broke up their encampment by order of and count Raymond established his head general Dearborn, and returned to Fort quarters from the citadel to the fort of George. The British succeeded in dispers- mount Sion. ing the boats with the baggage belonging 1496. COLUMBUS returned to Spain from to his command, and captured 12 of them. his second voyage. 1832. The first case of cholera asphixia 1536. Dr. HEYLIN says: On this day the in America occurred on this day at Quebec. clergy of London agreed upon the form of 1838. JOHN LuSK, a soldier of the revo- a petition to king. Henry, for permission lution, died, aged 104 years. He was to the people to read the Bible. June 9.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 1553. Battle of Sieverhausen in the 1798. Battle of Arklow, in Ireland, beDuchy of Lunenberg, in which Albert of tween the United Irishmen and British. Brandenburgh was defeated by the confed- More than 20,000 of the insurgents, under erates. His camp equipage taken and father Murphy, advanced against the town, 4,000 killed. which was defended by only 1,600 men. 1586. Great earthquake in Lima. The contest was continued with great ob1625. First child of white parents born stinacy till nightfall, when the rebels rein Brooklyn, New York. tired. Father Murphy was killed by a can1674. The English parliament prorogued non ball. on account of the differences between the 1798. An eruption of the peak of Tenelords and commons. It is said more than riffe. It continued 4 months and 6 days, ~200,000 was spent in bribing the com- had 4 mouths, and projected rocks 3,000 molls. feet. 1681. WILLIAM LILLY, a famous En- 1811. Second unsuccessful attack on glish astrologer, died. He made quite a fort San Christoval, Badajos, by the Britsnug fortune out of the cavaliers and round- ish under lord Wellington. heads by predicting for both parties. The 1814. United States brig Rattlesnake, parliament under Cromwell gave him lieut. Renshaw, captured and destroyed ~100 a year for flattering their prospects, British brig John, laden with English and he was complimented with a gold goods. chain and medal by the king of Sweden. 1824. WILLIAM OXBERRY, the comedian, He also made a handsome business by his died by apoplexy, the consequence of over almanacs and other publications. living. This was acting tragedy. 1696. ANTOINE VARILAS, a French his- 1825. ABRAHAM REES, the cyclopedist, torian, died. His works were popular for died.. He was born in Wales, and edua time, until they were discovered to be cated for a dissenting minister, and offivery inaccurate, and carelessly compiled. ciated as such more than 40 years. He 1724. BENEDICT PICTET, a Swiss profess- published sermons, and contributed to the or of theology at Geneva, died. He pos- Monthly Review, but is best known as the sessed greatabilities and learning, and pub- editor of the Cyclopedia, 47 vols. quarto. lished several valuable works. 1826. JEDEDIAH MORSE died, aged 65; 1758. The English effected a landing at author of the geography so well known. Louisbourg. 1829. Battle of Oriva, in Turkey; the 1770. British settlers expelled from the Russians, under general Geismar, assaulted Falkland islands by a large Spanish force. and took the town. They were restored the following year, 1834. WILLIAM CAREY, the devoted and when the dispute was ended. pious missionary, died. 1775. Force of the American army as- 1836. Battle of Micanopy; about 200 Insembled at Cambridge, 1,581 officers, dians defeated by a detachment of United 6,063 privates; total 7,644. States troops under Heilman. 1776. JOHN IVES, an eminent English 1839. War declared by the sultan of antiquary, died, aged 25. He had accom- Turlkey against Mehemet Ali of Egypt, and plished much at his early age, but had his son Ibrahim, deposing them from the published only three papers from his col- government of Egypt and Syria. lection. 1846. The water in lake Ontario had 1779. WILLIAM KENRICK, an English fallen 14 inches since the 24th March. (See dramatist and miscellaneous writer, died. Aug. 21.) He was originally a mechanic, and became 1849. CHARLES ALBERT, ex-king of Saran author of great popularity and merit. dinia, died on his arrival at Portugal, soon 1790. ROBERT ROBINSON, a self-taught after his abdication. English preacher, died. He was an ap- 1850. JOHN MIELCHER, the oldest printer prentice to a wig and curl maker, when in N. H., died at Portsmouth, aged 90. Whitefield attracted his attention, and he 1853. Father GAvazzI, an emissary of became a methodist preacher. He soon the pope to America, caused a riot by his after became a baptist, and preached that preaching at Montreal. A mob attacked doctrine a number of years, and was ex- him in the pulpit; the military fired upon tremely popular. He finally became a the people, and 10 persons were killed unitarian, and died at Birmingham while and 16 wounded. on a visit to Priestly, before he had time 1854. The emperor and empress of to shift his opinions to any thing else. France attended the first agricultural ex1795. The only son of the unfortunate hibition ever held in Paris. king Louis XVI died in the Temple in his 12th year. The convention agreed to exchange his sister for the commissioners, betrayed by Dumourier to Austria. 29 226 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 10. JUNE 10. 1710. The German emigrants, who fled from the devastations committed in the 312. CONSTANTINE (the Great) called the palatinate of the Rhine, by Louis XIV, arfirst council of Nice to determine on the rived in New York. Arian heresy. 1719. Battle of Glenshields in Scotland, 1190. FREDERICK I (Barbarossa), emperor which ended the Spanish invasion. of Germany, died in Syria, in consequence 1724. A party of volunteers at Oyster of bathing imprudently in the Cydnus. river, in New Hampshire, discovered an He was frequently engaged in quarrels Indian ambush, which they attacked, killwith the popes, but was at last persuaded ed one, and wounded two others, who to turn his arms against the Saracens. He made their escape, though pursued and marched a numerous army into Asia and tracked by their blood to a considerable was victorious over all that opposed him. distance. The slain Indian was a person 1429. Battle of Jargeau; the place was of distinction, and wore a kind of coronet carried by storm by the French, who were of scarlet-dyed fur, with an appendage lead on by Joan of Arc. On reaching the of four small bells, by the sound of which top of the wall she received a blow on the the others might follow him through the head, which precipitated her into the ditch. thickets. His hair was remarkably soft Being unable to rise, she continued to ex- and fine, and he had about him a devohort her friends, assuring them that the tional book and a muster-roll of 180 InLord had delivered the English into their dians. His scalp produced a bounty. hands. 1726. ANTHONY ALSOP, an English prelate 1530. The college of Bologna determined and poet, died. that the marriage law in the book of Levi- 1735. THOMAS HEARNE, an English anticus, being a part of the law of nations, tiquary, died. He edited nearly forty as well as of the law of Moses and of God, works, some of them classics, but prinis binding on the whole Christian church, cipally relative to ancient English history as well as infidels; and therefore, gave and antiquities. their decision against the legality of Hen- 1739. Grosvenor square centre house ry's marriage with Catharine of Arragon. valued at ~10,000, was raffled for and won 1584. Two barks fitted out by Raleigh, by Mrs. Hunt, a grocer's wife in Piccadilly. under the command of Barlow and Amidas, 1761. Indian battle; the Cherokees dearrived in the West Indies, upon a voyage feated by the British under colonel Grant, of discovery. They returned to England and their town Etchoe utterly destroyed, about the middle of September, having together with their magazines and corntaken possession of a new country, which fields. so pleased the queen, Elizabeth, that she 1768. Riot in Boston, headed by captain named it Virginia. Malcom, on account of the seizure of the 1593. Date of the Leghorn or Livorno sloop Liberty, belonging to Mr. Hancock, indulto, by which merchants of all nations by the commissioners of the king's cusand of every religion were invited to settle toms. in the town. Many Jews from Spain 1772. The Gaspee, an armed British availed themselves of this privilege. schooner, having exacted some degrading 1604. ISABELLA ANDREINI, a famous terms of the American vessels entering the Italian actress, died. She distinguished port of Providence, a body of the inherself equally as a poetess, and possessed, habitants boarded her, put the officers and with great personal beauty, wit and genius crew ashore, and burnt the vessel with all in a superior degree. her stores. 1610. The first Dutch emigrants to Ame- 1792. Russians attacked a detachment of rica landed at Manhattan, now New York. Poles, under general Judycki, between 1654. ALEXANDRE ALGARDI, a Bolognese Mire and Swierza; but were defeated, with sculptor, died. He was employed to res- the loss of 500 dead on the field. tore the garden of Sallust; many of his 1798. BONAPARTE attacked Valetta, in original pieces have been engraved. Malta, and in a sortie the Maltese lost the 1667. The Dutch fleet, commanded by standard of their order. de Ruyter, sailed up the river Medway, in 1800. Battle of Montebello, in Italy, in England, as far as Chatham, and destroyed which the Austrians were defeated, and several men of war. compelled to retire to Voghera. 1692. BRIDGET BISHOP hanged at Salem, 1801. The pasha of Tripoli declared war Mass., for witchcraft. against the United States of America. 1692. An army of French and Indians 1806. The British house of lords resolved made a furious attack on the garrison at to abolish the slave trade. Wells, in Maine, commanded by captain 1807. Battle of Heilsburg, in Prussia. Wells, who, after a brave and resolute de- The French, under Bonaparte, defeated fence, drove them off with great loss. the Russians, who fell back into their June 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 227 entrenchments. About 4,000 Russians were was for many years in the ministry, especitaken prisoners. Roussel had his head ally as first lord of the admiralty. carried off by a cannon ball, and Murat 1854. The Crystal palace at Sydenham, had two horses shot under him. The Rus- England, was opened by the queen, Vicsians retreated the next night. toria; 40,000 persons being present. 1809. Pope Pius VII excommunicated Bonaparte. 1811. Lord WELLINGTON raised the siege JUNE 11. of Badajos. The French governor, Phillipon made a brave and noble defence. 1656 A. M. The tops of the mountains 1831. FRANCIS ABBOT, the Hermit of were seen, 73 days after the waters of the Niagara Falls, drowned while bathing in deluge began to subside, 1st of 10th month, the river. He was a native of England, answering to this day. of quaker parentage, He arrived at the 1184 B. C. The destruction of Troy is falls in June, 1829, on foot, in a very placed commonly byEnglish chronologists singular costume, and after a week's re- in the night of this day; an event which sidence became so fascinated with the place Homer has invested with unrivaled imthat he determined on fixing his abode on portance, and a gorgeous immortality. (See Goat island. He sought seclusion, and April 24.) wished to erect a hut, but the proprietor 534 B. c. SERVIUS TULLIUS, sixth king of not thinking proper to grant his request, Rome, assassinated. He is celebrated for he took a small room in the only house, his laws bon the subjects of rank and prowhere he was occasionally furnished with perty. He was murdered by his son-inbread and milk by the family, but more law, the second Tarquin. generally providing, and always cooking 90 B. C. The consul RUTILIUS Lrpus was his own food. In the second winter of destroyed with his forces, by an ambushis residence, the house changed tenants, cade, near the river Livis, during the soat which he quitted the island and built cial war. himself a small cottage on the main shore, 816. LEO III, pope, died. A conspiracy about thirty rods below the fall. He was was formed against him in 799, and it was a person of highly cultivated mind and only through the power of Charlemagne manners, a master of languages, and deeply that he was enabled to keep the pontifical read in the arts and sciences, and perform- chair. He was an able pontiff. ed on various musical instruments with 1183. Prince HENRY, son of Henry II of great taste; his drawings were also very England, died, aged 27. He is sometimes spirited. He had traveled over Europe, called Henry III, on account of his rebeland parts of the East, and possessed great lion against his father. colloquial powers when inclined to be 1258. The great council of reform, called sociable. On entering his hut, his guitar, the mad parliament, assembled at Oxford. violin, flutes, music books and port folio Every member was sworn to allow no conwere scattered round in profusion; but sideration, "neither of gift nor promise, not a single written paper of any kind was profit nor loss, love nor hatred, nor fear," found to throw the least light on this ex- to influence him in the discharge of his traordinary character. duty. 1831. General DIEBITSCH, commander of 1289. Battle of Campaldino, in Italy, in the Russian forces in Poland, died, by the which the Florentines defeated the people official accounts of ch-lera; it is supposed of Arezzo. The poet Dante, then in his by poison. 24th year, was present, and served in the 1836. JEAN MARIE AMPERE, famed as a foremost troop of cavalry. He says, " the mathematician and natural philosopher, Uberti, Lamberti and Abati, with all the died. Near the clos6 of his life he busied excitizens of Florence who adhered to the himself with a classification of the sciences, Ghibelline interest,,were with Aretini; a work from which great minds before him while those inhabitants of Arezzo, who, had shrunk. owing to their attachment to the Guelph 1837. The plague at Smyrna committed party, had been banished from their own great ravages; about 300 died daily for city, were ranged on the side of the Flosome time. rentines." 1839. JOHN RIDGE, a Cherokee, murdered. 1294. ROGER BACON, an eminently learned He was educated at the Cornwall school in monk of the Franciscan order, died, aged Connecticut, where he married a respect- 80. He was a miracle of the age in which able white woman. He was a practicing he lived, and the greatest genius, perhaps, attorney among the Cherokees, and a man for mechanical knowledge, that ever apof talents. peared in the world since Archimedes. 1851. ROBERT DUNDAS, viscount Melville, (1292 by some authorities.) British statesman, died, aged 80. He 1381. WAT TYLER assembled his fol 228 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 11. lowers at Blackheath, amounting to 100,- malignant than any other epidemic which 000 men. had ever been known in the country. 1520. A grand tournament between 1695. ANDREW FELIBIEN, counselor and Henry VIII of England and Francis I of historiographer to the king of France, died. France, at Guines. "At the houre as- He was also celebrated for his taste and signed," says Holinshed, "the two kings, judgment in the fine arts, and his Dialogues armed at all peeces, mounted on horsse- upon the Lives of the Painters has done him backe, and with their companies, entered great honor. the field; the French king on a courser 1698. BALTHAZAR BEKKER, a Dutch dibarbed, covered with purple sattin, broch- vine, died. His writings got him inlto ed with gold, and embroidered with cor- trouble with the church, which was alarmbin's feathers. All the parteners of the ed at some very harmless notions he enterFrench king's chalenge were in like ap- tained about spirits and devils. parell, everie thing correspondent in cloath 1712. LEwis JOSEPH, duke de Vendome, of silke embrodered. On his person were died. He was a descendant of Henry IV attendant on horssebacke noble persons, of France, and distinguished himself unand on foot foure persons, all apparelled der Philip V of Spain, whom he succeeded in purple sattin." in raising to the throne, in opposition to 1526. Holy league against the emperor the claims of Charles III, archduke of Charles V. Austria. 1543. NICHOLAS COPERNICUS, the astro- 1719. A terrible earthquake happened nomer, died on this day, according to La- at Pekin, in China, throwing down houses lande, who says, in his History of.stro- and burying more than 1,000 inhabitants nomy for 1798, "The death of the great in the ruins. Copernicus was, till lately, a problem. I 1727. GEORGE I, king of England, died resolved it in my tour. Copernicus died in his carriage near Osnabruck, in Germany, on the 11th of June, 1543, although Gas- aged 68. He was the first king of Engsendi and Weidler date this circumstance land of the house of Brunswick, and had on the 24th May, and Planche the 11th of reigned 13 years. July." (See May 24.) 1756. C-ESAR CHESNEAG DU MARSAIS, a 1567. Flight of MARY, queen of Scots, French grammarian, died. He was engaged and her husband, Bothwell, from Borth- in the Encyclopedie, and his articles on wick castle to Dunbar. grammar are drawn up with great pre1576. ANTHONY COOKE, preceptor of Ed- cision, correctness and judgment. ward VI, died. He also educated his own 1776. Congress appointed Thomas Jefferdaughters, who were "learned above their son, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and sex in Greek and Latin." Robert R. Livingston, a committee to pre1576. MARTIN FROBISHER was despatch- pare a Declaration of Independence. ed with three pinnaces to discover a north- 1783. Great eruption of the Scaptar Jowest passage, but compelled by the ice to kul, in Iceland, commenced, and continureturn. He was the first navigator who ed several days (see 18th). attempted to find a northwest passage to 1792. The first bank in New Hampshire China. commenced discounting at Portsmouth. 1578. Queen ELIZABETH granted letters 1792. Battle of Mire; the Polish general patent to Humphrey Gilbert for the dis- Judycki, surrounded by the Russians, decovery and settlement of " barbarous lands feated, and compelled to retreat. in America, undiscovered by any Christian 1793. N. GovIoON, a French officer, killprince or people." This was the first ed at Maubeuge, on the Sambre. He served charter granted by the crown of England in America in the war of the revolution to a colony. and at the time of his death was a general 1665. KENELM DIGBY, an eminent Eng- in the army of the north. lish philosopher, died. He was also in the 1793. WILLIAM ROBERTSON, the Scottish employ of the government as a soldier and historian, died. His works are popular, a statesman. He was brave, learned and and the History of Charles V will be long eloquent, but somewhat visionary. read with admiration. 1685. The duke of MONMOUTH landed at 1796. St. Vincent, Grenada, and St. LuLyme, Dorsetshire with men and arms in cia islands in the West Indies were taken opposition to James II. by the British..1693. An expedition fitted out in Eng- 1798. BONAPARTE seized Malta, the key land against Canada and Martinique, ar- of the Mediterranean, which he garrisoned, rived in Boston. During the voyage, 1,300 and proceeded with the fleet, carrying out of 2,100 sailors, and 1,800 out of 2,400 20,000 regular troops, to the Egyptian soldiers, had died of a malignant disease. coast. On the arrival of the fleet the' disease 1800. SAMUEL IRELAND, an ingenious spread into the town, and proved more English mechanic, died. He distinguished June 11.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 229 himself by his skill in drawing and en- diery, after a reign of 15 months. He was graving. He was unjustly accused of an of humble birth, but rose by his merits to attempt to impose upon the world a spuri- the most eminent posts of the state, and ous volume of letters and papers in the was raised to the imperial dignity on the name of Shakspeare. (See April 17th, death of Gordian. He made salutary laws 1835.) and reformed abuses. 1812. A great skirmish of cavalry in 1099. The army of crusaders who had Estremadura, Spain, between the English encamped before Jerusalem, made a furious under general Slade, and the French under attack on this city, and amid a storm of general Lallemand. arrows and fire balls, burst the first barrier, 1825. DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, a distin- and strove to surmount the walls by esguished New York statesman, died, aged calade. The want of proper instruments 51. He was vice-president of the United rendered the assault abortive, and the folStates under Mr. Monroe, and governor of lowers of the cross were driven back with the state of New York. shame and slaughter to their camp. This 1828. DUGALD STEWART, an eminent defeat was followed by suffering and priScottish philosopher and writer, died. vations, from the scarcity of provisions His philosophical works are well known. and water. 1829. Battle of Schoumla; the Turks 1211. Battle of Tolosa, in Spain, beunder the grand vizier defeated by the tween the Christians and Moors. MohamRussians under general Diebitsch, with the med A4u Abdallah, at the head of a loss of 6,000 killed, 1,500 prisoners, and powerful army, one of the five divisions of 60 pieces of cannon. Russian loss, 1,400 which, according to the Arabic and Spankilled, 600 wounded. ish historians, amounted to 160,000 men, 1842. ALEXANDER CROMBIE died at Lon- made a descent from Africa, with the dedon. As a scholar and a critic, a meta- sign of conquering the whole Spanish physician and a theologian, his name peninsula. Such was the terror which stands high among the first writers of the this vast armament inspired among the age. Christians, that Innocent III, proclaimed a 1845. THEODORE DWIGHT, secretary of crusade, and several bishops went from the Hartford convention, died, aged 81. town to town to rouse the Christian He was editor of the Connecticut Mirror, princes. The kings of Castile, Arragon published at Hartford, and in 1815 estab- and Navarre, with a numerous body of lished the ~Albany Daily Advertiser, the first foreign volunteers, advanced to stop the daily paper in that city. In 1817 he be- progress of the Moslems. The two armies came editor of the New York Daily Adver- met in Las Navas de Tolosa, between Castiser. tile and Andalusia. The result of the 1849. Great excitement at Paris, and a engagement was so complete a victory proposition to impeach the president for over the Africans, that Mohammed had a his aiding the cause of the pope, signed by narrow escape, and left no less than 170,Ledru Rollin and 141 others. 000 men in the field; the rest fled for 1849. Ancona capitulated to the Austri- safety. ans after a very destructive bombardment. 1268. BILBARS, the sultan of Syria, took 1853. GUERAZZI, ex-minister of Tuscany, possession of Antioch. The Latin princitried for high treason at Florence, and pality was extinguished, and the whole found guilty, was sentenced to fifteen years' existence of the Franks was now confined imprisonment, which was subsequently to the city of Ptolemais. commuted to perpetual exile. 1402. Battle of Melienydd, in Radnor1854. THOMAs H. BOTTS died at Fred- shire, Wales, in which Owen Glendour, ericksburg, Va., aged 54; a lawyer, and the last of the native Welsh princes, deone of the leading men of his profession. feated and captured sir Edmund Mortimer. 1418. Massacre at Paris, at night, by the direction, if not under the eye of John, JUNE 12. duke of Burgundy, called the fearless. In the course of three days, 3500 persons 456 B. c. HERODOTUS recited his celebra- were sacrificed. ted History at Athens, during the Olympic 1488. JAMES III, king of Scotland, killed. games, in his 29th year, on the 12 Heca- He put his brother John to death, and tombaeon. He had traveled with his work attempted the life of his other brother, from Caria. Thucydides was then a boy; Alexander; he escaped, however, and iEschylus died in that year; Cimon was levied war against the tyrant, who had recalled from exile, and the Athenians rendered himself odious by his cruelties. completed their long walls. James was defeated in battle, and put to 455. MARCUS CLODIUS PUPIENUS MAXIMUS, death in a mill, by the daggers of his own emperor of Rome, murdered by the sol- subjects. 230 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 12. 1565. ADRIAN TURNEBUS, a French critic, lord John Russell, and their object seems died. Great encomiums have been passed to have been to oppose the succession of upon his genius and learning, as well as the duke of York. Russell ahd many the amiability of his private character. others suffered on the scaffold, Essex was 1630. JOHN WINTHROP, the first gover- found with his throat cut in prison, and nor of Massachusetts, arrived at Salem, Monmouth was in a short time reconciled with the charter of the colony. He settled to the king. at Shawmut, which was finally determined 1734. JAMES, duke of Berwick, killed upon forthemetropolis, and named Boston. by a cannon shot at the siege of Phillips1647. THOMAs FARNABY, an English burgh, in Germany, while standing begrammarian, died. His works display tween his two sons. No general ot his great erudition. time excelled him in the art of war, except 1660. WILLIAM OUGHTRED, an English his uncle, the duke of Marlboro'. divine and mathematician, died. He was 1759. WILLIAM COLLINS, an English poet, disturbed in his retirement by the parti- died. He was entirely neglected, and his sans of Cromwell, and escaped sequestra- Odes, which possessed great merit, failed tion only by the interference of influential to attract any attention during his life friends. His works were small, but of time. great value to subsequent mathematicians. 1775. General GAGE, issued a proclama1665. The city of New York incorporat- tion at Boston, offering the king's pardon ed by governor Nichols; a mayor, 5 to all who would lay down their arms and aldermen and a sheriff were appointed. return to their peaceable occupations, exPrior to this, it had been governed by a cepting Samuel Adams and John Hancock, schout, burgomasters and schepens. and at the same time he proclaimed martial 1672. The French under Louis XIV, law. crossed the Rhine. The prince de Conde 1778. PHILIP LIVINGSTON, a signer and a was wounded for the first and only time strenuous advocate for the declaration of during all his campaigns; but the young independence, died. He was a New York duke de Longueville was killed. merchant, and became a prominent charac1672. The government of England is- ter in that city before the revolution. sued a proclamation to restrain the spread 1788. Settlement made at Sierre Leone of false news and licentious talking of by blacks from England. The town lots matters of state and government. were drawn for and apportioned this day. 1676. Attack on Hadley by the Indians, 1794. Couthon reported, and the French to the number of 700, who were resolved convention decreed, the organization of on a grand effort to carry this post. The the revolutionary tribunal, consisting of attack was commenced at day-light, with a president, 3'vice-presidents, a public great spirit; they gained possession of a accuser, 4 deputies, 12 judges and 50 house, and fired a barn; but were in a jurors. short time driven back with loss. The 1796. Battle between the Chinese and attack was renewed on other points, the Eleuths, in a desert which the Chinese enemy appearing to be determined on had attempted to penetrate in pursuit of carrying the place; but the discharge of a the retreating army. The Tartars under piece of ordnauce cooled their ardor, and Kaldan, taking advantage of the exhausted they drew off; and on assistance coming state of their enemy, gave them battle; from Northampton, the foe was driven into but were defeated and totally routed, with the woods, with a loss of two or three of the loss of 2000 killed, and all their wothe English. It is supposed to have been men, children, baggage and cattle, taken on this occasion that general Goffe, one of by the Chinese. the judges of Charles I, who was at that 1798. The French troops took possession time concealed with the minister at Had- of the fortifications of Malta, and the fleet ley, made his appearance in so mysterious anchored in the ports. They found two a manner. At a moment when the people line of battle ships belonging to the Malwere in the greatest consternation, there tese, a frigate, three galleys, two galliots, appeared a man of venerable aspect, dif- and several guard boats; 1500 pieces of fering from them in his apparel, who as- artillery, 35,000 stand of small arms, 12,sumed the command, put them in order 000 barrels of powder, and a large quantity for defence, and by advice and example of shot and shell. The order of knights animated them throughout the attack. from this day became virtually extinct; When the scene was over, on looking from a position of political importance it about for the stranger, he had disappeared, fell to the level of an obscure association, and was seen no more —leaving the inhabit- and such, as far as human foresight goes, ants to form the strangest conjectures. it is destined to remain. 1683. The Rye house plot discovered. 1798. The Irish rebels defeated with It was headed by Monmouth, Essex, and great slaughter at Ballynahinch by general June 12.] EVERY DAY BOO1e. 231 Nugent. This quelled the insurrection in up in one of his own private houses, the north. where he was murdered a few days after. 1799. A division of the French army, 1633. Lord Baltimore obtained a grant under Olivier, took Modena, and drove for a tract of land in America, now the the Austrians beyond the river Po. state of Maryland, which was first settled 1805. American ship Atahualpa, captain by a colony of catholics. Porter, treacherously attacked by the In- 1666. Second charter granted to South dians while bartering for skins in Stur- Carolina by Charles II. It was an enlargegis's cove. Captain Porter and 8 of the ment of the previous charter, making the crew were killed, and 11 wounded. colony independent of any other province. 1812. Putnam county in New York 1678. HENRY SCOUGAL, an eminent erected. Scottish divine, died, aged 28. His great 1813. Major CHAPIN and other American exertions to sustain himself as a professor prisoners taken at the head of the lake, of theology at St. Andrews, and as a and sent in boats for Kingston, when preacher, threw him into a consumption, arrived near York rose upon the guard, and he died greatly lamented. and after a short struggle took the boats 1710. Second great immigration of Palaand returned to Niagara. w tines. 1816. PIERRE FRANCOIS CHARLES Au- 1721. A treaty concluded at Madrid with GEREAU,, duke of Castiglione and marshal Great Britain. The ships employed for of France, died. He was the son of a fruit the traffic of negroes by the Royal commerchant, and served as a carabineer in pany of Great Britain, were to be admitted, the French army. He first distinguished without hindrance, to trade freely. himself'in 1794, after which his career for 1757. Decree of pope Benedict XIV, a number of years was brilliant, and full prohibiting the use of any version of the of honor and glory.'Bible in the common language. 1829. A large body of Turkish cavalry 1767. JAMES WORSDALE died; an Engand infantry defeated near Kuganoff, and lish painter and dramatic writer. 600 killed. 1769. Corsica seized by the French. 1843. HENRY R. CLEVELAND, aged 34, General Paoli fled, and embarked at Cordied at St. Louis, Mo. He was an elegant sica for England, where he remained until and graceful writer, and the author of the 1790. well written life of Henry Hudson, in 1770. WOODFALL, the publisher of the Sparks' Biography. Letters of Juznius, was prosecuted and found 1843. SAMUEL KIDD, professor of ori- by the jury guilty of printing and publishental and Chinese literature in University ing only, which was tantamount to an accollege, London, died, aged 42. quittal. 1846. More than 6000 persons driven 1777. WILLIAM BATTIE died; an emifrom their houses by a disastrous fire in nent English physician and medical writer. St. Johns, Newfoundland. 1780. Major-general Gates ordered by 1848. GEORGE POZER, a wealthy mer- congress to take command of the southern chant of Quebec, died, aged 95. department. 1848. Insurrection at Prague; the prin- 1780. A society formed in Philadelphia, cess of Windichgratz shot by the insur- under the name of the American daughgents. ters of liberty, for the purpose of supplying the soldiery with clothing. The city was JUNE 13. divided into 10 districts, and four appointed to each district to solicit subscriptions. 1483. ANTHONY WIDVILLE, earl Rivers, Their donations amounted to 2030 shirts, beheaded at Pontefract. and they obtained 77 shirts and 380 pairs 1502. OLIVER MAILLARD, a French divine of stockings from New Jersey. of the order of Cordeliers, died. He was 1788. GEoRGE LUKINS dispossessed of an eminent preacher, and published sev- seven devils by the same number of eral volumes of Latin sermons. clergymen, in the Temple church, Bristol, 1584. JOHN SAMBUCUS, a learned German England. physician, died. His learning attracted 1794. Battle of Ghent; the Austrians the attention of the emperor Maximilian defeated by the French. II, and he was appointed counselor of 1794. Violent earthquake and eruption state and historiographer of the German of Mt. Vesuvius, which did much damage. empire. He wrote several learned and 1796. Action between British ship Dryad, useful works. lord Beauclerc, and French frigate La 1605. Riot at Moscow, when Fedor Proserpine, 45 guns; which last was Godonoff, the reigning czar, who had been captured in 44 minutes, with the loss of but two months on the throne, was dragged 30 killed, 45 wounded. British loss 2 with his family from the palace, and shut killed, 7 wounded. 232 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 13. 1797. SIMON ANDREW TISSOT, a celebrat- thor, died. He wrote various books ed Swiss physician, died. He was the against popery, one of which was transadvocate of experimental rather than lated into several languages, and often theoretical systems of medicine, and early reprinted. adopted the practice of inoculation. His 1636. JOHN CAYLARD DE ST. BONET, fame was not confined to his own country. marquis de Toiras, a French general, 1810. BONAPARTE prohibited the export- killed before the fortress of Fontanette, in ation of grain. Italy. His services were important to his 1813. Battle of Carcagenta, in Valencia; country, but he was nevertheless disgraced the Spaniards under general Elio attacked by Richelieu, and found in Italy a just the French, and were defeated with the respect for his abilities and merits. loss of 1500 men, of whom 700 were taken 1637. BURTON, a clergyman, BASTWICK, prisoners. a physician, and PRYNNE, yet a prisoner in 1817. RICHARD LOVELL EDGEWORTH, an the Tower, ordered to be pilloried, lose English philanthropist and practical philo- their ears, and be fined ~5,000 each, for a sopher, died. He invented the telegraph, libel on the government of Charles I of which was generally adopted during his England. lifetime. He spent a great part of his life WT45. Battle of Naseby, in which the in improving and experimenting on vari- forces of Cromwell obtained a bloody vicous instruments used in agriculture and tory over the army of Charles I, under the arts. prince Rupert, and obliged him to retire 1833. JAMES ANDREW died; principal into Wales. of the East India company's seminary at 1654. Battle of Dunes; the French deAddiscombe, and author of a Hebrew feated the Spaniards under prince do grammar and dictionary. Conde and don John of Austria. 1843. CHARLES STERNS WHEELER, of 1662. HENRY VANE, an English statesMassachusitts, a good scholar, died at man, beheaded. He was vascilating in Leipsic, Germany, aged 23. his politics, and characterized as a danger1848. PIERRE VAN CORTLAND died, aged ous man. 86; a gentleman who filled many impor- 1683. The Rye house plot to assassinate tant public stations, civil and military, king Charles II of England, discovered by in the state of New York. Joseph Keeling. 1848. GAMALIEL S. OLDS, a distinguished 1704. RALPH BATHURST, an English American scholar, died at Circleville, Ohio, physician, divine and Latin poet, died. aged 71. He was a man of great erudition. 1855. The alti-slavery branch of the 1710. Gen. HUNTER arrived at New American party, called the Know-some- York from England in the capacity of govthings, assembled in convention at Cincin- ernor of the province, bringing with him nati. 3000 Palatines, who formed a Lutheran 1857. Whirlwinds occurred in several church in New York. parts of the state of New York, and in 1723. CLAUDE FLEURY, a French advoother states. This was the day in which cate, died, aged 82, greatly respected for the astrologers of Europe had predicted his learning and virtues. His works are the destruction of the earth by a comet, and numerous and valuable. much alarm existed even in this country, 1743. JAMES VILLOTTE, a French Jesuit, insomuch that deaths actually occurred died. He traveled in Armenia, and from fear. The village of Pania, Ill., was published commentaries on the gospels. wholly destroyed. 1746. COLIN MACLAURIN, an eminent Scottish mathematician and philosopher, died. His writings are very numerous, JUNE 14. and highly valuable for the purposes of navigation and geography. 510 B. c. The Roman republic establish- 1754. A convention was held at Albany, ed and the first consuls elected, according for the purpose of concluding a treaty to the Capitoline marbles This noble with the Six'Nations. It was attended by political fabric subsisted for a period of about 150 Indians. 462 years, until the battle of Pharsalia. 1756. PROSPER MARCHAND, a French au1631. FRANCIS GARASSE, a French Jesuit, thor, died in Holland, at a great age. He died. As a preacher he was eloquent and left France on account of religious views, popular, but his writings were gross, and and published a Journal Lit6raire. He kindled a violent feud between his order also wrote a history of printing, and puband the Jansenists. He lost his life by lished a newedition of Bayle's Dictionnaire. attending the sick during the pestilence at 1769. The general court of MassachuPoictiers. setts having remonstrated to governor 1636. HUMPHREY LYNDE, an English au- Hutchinson against their place of meeting June 14.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 233 being surrounded with an armed force, and defeated, with the loss of 17,500 men and Boston being invested by sea and land, he 80 cannon, by the French under Bonaadjourned the court to Cambridge. parte. The battle commenced at 10 in the 1776. Americans evacuated S orel, in morning, and the Russians withstood the Canada, and the British under Gen. Bur- superior force of the French till nearly 5 goyne entered it. in the afternoon; when Bonaparte, put1776. The Americans cannonaded the ting himself at the head of the army, comBritish fleet from Moon and Long islands, manded a general assault, which was exeand compelled it to leave the bay and cuted with overpowering effect. Benningopen the intercourse with Boston. sen was compelled to retreat, destroying 1777. Congress resolved that their flag the bridge behind him. should consist of 13 stripes alternate red 1829. Battle of' the defile of Pozzoy; and white; that the union be 13 stars, the Turkish troops, 15,000, entirely dewhite on a blue field, representing a new feated, and their camp taken by storm by constellation. the Russians. 1787. ABDULWABLAB, an Arabianreform- 1833. ABRAHAM BOGARD died in the er, and founder of the Wahabbites, died, poor-house, Maury county, Tennessee, aged 95. He founded a temporal empire, aged 118; a native of the state of Delawhich ceased A. D. 1818, but his religious ware. doctrines are still cherished. 1846. Nearly 50 persons killed by the 1792. Battle of Lubar on the river Sluez, burning of the theatre at Quebec. in which the Polish cavalry under Joseph 1848. A revolt at Hayti, and a tumult Poniatowski defeated the Russians. at Berlin. 1792. A plot was discovered in London 1851. THOMAS MOULE died in London, to blow up the King's bench prison. aged 67; a well known writer to the ex1792. The stockholders of the Hartford tent of many volumes on topographic and bank held their first meeting for the choice heraldic antiquities. of directors. John Caldwell was the first 1854. A great fire occurred at Worcespresident. This was the first bank in ter, Mass., destroying property valued at Connecticut. half a million of dollars, and throwing a 1799. The French, commanded by Gen. thousand mechanics out of work. Macdonald, on the Trebia, were defeated 1856. Mr. MARCY, secretary of state, with immense loss by Suwarrow. formally notified the Danish minister that 1800. JEAN BAPTIST KLEBER, commander the United States would not make forcible in chief of the French army in Egypt, resistance to the collection of the Sound assassinated while walking in his garden, dues for a year from this day. by a Turk named Souliman. He had conquered the country and was forming plans for its peaceful government and improve- JUNE 16. ment. 1800. Battle of Marengo, in Italy; Bo- 1381. WAT TYLER treacherously killed naparte defeated the Austrians, who lost at Blackheath, where he had assembled 1700 killed and prisoners. The French the malcontents in great numbers, and the acknowledged the loss of 500 killed and insurrection was suppressed. wounded. 1467. PHILIP (the good), duke of Burgun1800. LEWIS CHARLES ANTHONY DESSAIX, dy, died. His life was spent in war; and a distinguished French general, killed at the title which he acquired seems to have the battle of Marengo. He arrived on the been forfeited by his, last act, the burning field of battle with a fresh battalion at a of the town of Dinan, which he was carmoment that decided the victory for the ried on his bed to witness, at the age of French, but received a shot in the breast, 72. of which he instantly died. 1520. MARTIN LUTHER excommunicated 1801. BENEDICT ARNOLD, the traitor, by Leo X. died in England. He was a brave officer 1530. CHARLES V made a public entry in the American service, from the com- into Augsburg, where the members of the mencement of the war of the revolution; diet had jssembled. The famous decree but some imprudent conduct subjected called the Confession of.Augsburg, drawn him to a reprimand from the commander- up by Melancthon, was then read. in-chief, after which he sought an oppor- 1560. The massy spire of St. Paul's tunity to desert. He joined the British church, London, was burned down by army, and committed great cruelties upon lightning. his countrymen during the remainder of 1568. GILES CORROZET died' at Paris; a the war. French bookseller, and author of several 1807. Battle of Friedland, in ancient works of merit. Prussia; the Russians and Prussians were 1643. ABEL JANSEN TASMAN, the Dutch 30 234 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 15. navigator, arrived at Batavia, after having trained captives, was first instituted by the sailed round the southern side of the third Amurath, in 1362. globe. He started in September, 1642, 1836. Arkansas admitted into the Union. and discovered Van Dieman's land and the 1840. FRANCIS BEAUGUARD died at Grey island of New Zealand, which he called Nun's hospital, Montreal, aged nearly 108. Staten island. 1841. The town of Praia, in the island 1735. RENE AUBERT DE VERTOT D'Au- of Terceira, completely destroyed by an B(EUF, an elegant French historical writer, earthquake. Much damage was also done died, aged 80. He united the virtues of to other places in the island by a series of private life to great intelligence, deep earthquakes. penetration, and an elegant taste. 1844. THOMAS CAMPBELL, a distinguish1744. ANsoN arrived at Spithead, after ed British poet, author of the Pleasures of a voyage of three years and nine months Hope, died at Boulogne, in a state of imberound the world. The treasures of the cility, aged 67. famous Acapulco galleon were conveyed 1852. Queen VICTORIA issued a proclato London in 32 wagons, and the bo6ty mation against " Roman catholic ecclesidivided among those brave men who had astics wearing the habits of their order, shared his glory and toils. exercising the rites and ceremonies of the 1746. Battle of Placentia, between the Roman catholic religion in highways and allies and Spaniards. places of public resort." 1749. The fleet of sir Edward Cornwal- 1852. ROGER JONES, an American mililis, having on board over 3000 British tary officer of distinction, died at Washcolonists, dropped anchor in the spacious ington. He commenced his military harbor of Halifax, Nova Scotia. career in 1809, and as a lieutenant of 1756. The nabob of SURAJAH DOWLA marines, and served in the war of 1812. invested Calcutta at the head of 70,000 His zeal and activity in the arduous camhorse and foot, and 400 elephants. paigns on the Niagara frontier, and his 1768. JAMES SHORT, a celebrated Scot- distinguished gallantry as a major of the tish optician, died. He was of humble staff in the memorable conflicts of Chiporigin, but became a noted and wealthy pewa, Lundy's Lane, and the sorti* of fort man. His telescopes were long surpassed Erie, won for him universal respect and only by those of Herschel. admiration, and the marked approbation 1768. The commissioners of the cus- of the government. toms at Boston requested Gen. Gage to 1854. JAMES KENDLE BROWNE died in support them in the execution of their Mark lane, London, aged 82; the father of office with a military force. the corn exchange. 1775. WASHINGTON appointed comman- 1856. JOHN DICKS ECCLES, an eminent der in chief of the American army. North Carolina lawyer and orator, died at 1776. The legislature of New Hampshire Fayetteville, aged 64. voted unanimously that their delegates in 1857. The citizens of Halifax, Nova congress should join with the other dele- Scotia, celebrated the 108th anniversary gates in declaring the 13 united colonies a of the settlement of that place. free and indepenilent state. 1776. The British under sir Henry Clinton attacked Sullivan's island, and were JUNE 16. repulsed by Gen. Lee. 1785. PILATRE DE ROSIER, a French 632. The Persian era began, recording aeronaut, killed. He was attempting to the fall of the Sassanian dynasty, and the cross the English channel from Boulogne; religion of Zoroaster. This famous era, but the balloon took fire soon after its as- as amended by the sultan Geluleddin, is cent, and he was precipitated to the earth. now in use by the parsees of India. 1794. A memorable eruption of mount 1381. JOHN BALL, in order to be chanVesuvius. cellor under Wat Tyler, gave his followers 1811. A marine volcano burst through a sermon. the sea in 40 fathoms of water, at the 1487. Battle of Stoke, England. Lamwest end of St. Michaels, orre of the bert Simnel, who had been crowned in Azores, about three miles from land. Ireland, received the king's pardon, and 1815. Battle of Fleury, in which Bona- was made a scullion in the royal kitchen. parte with 150,000 men, attacked the 1575. ADRIAN JUNIUS, a learned Dutch Prussians and English of 200,000, and author, died; he is quoted by the people drove them back, and the next day of Harlem to establish the right of Lawdefeated them at Ligny. rence Coster to the honor of being the in1826. The sultan of Turkey defeated ventor of printing in that city, about 1430. and abolished the ancient corps of Jani- 1658. EDWARD CAPELLUS, a learned zaries. This military body, consisting of French protestant divine, died. lie was June 16.J EVERY DAY BOOK. 235 engaged in a long and learned controversy 22 cannon, and were compelled to retreat concerning the antiquity of the Hebrew across the Sambre. points, his adversary maintaining that 1806. Total eclipse of the sun at Philathey were coeval with the language, while delphia and other cities in the United he showed that they were unknown before States. the dispersion of the Jews,and were invent- 1808. JOSEPH BONAPARTE proclaimed ed about 600 years after Christ. He was en- king of Spain. " Your princes," said Nagaged 36 years on the Critica Sacra, a work poleon, " have ceded to me their rights to of prodigious labor and great merit. the crown of Spain. Your nation is old; 1666. RICHARD FANSHAWE, an English my mission is to restore its youth." statesman, died. He was actively engaged 1810. LEWIS AUGUSTUS PHILIP AFFRAY, in political affairs, yet found time to pro- first magistrate of Switzerland under Naduce several works of much credit. poleon, died. He was in \early life an 1719. LEWIS ELLIS DUPTN, a learned officer in the Swiss army; and when eleFrench critic, died. He devoted himself vated to civil office, he conducted with the to a biographical dictionary of ecclesiasti- ability, the intelligence and the experience cal authors, which was brought down to of a thorough statesman. the end of the 16th century, and has been 1812. BONAPARTE joined his great army translated into English. His works are on the Vistula, destined to invade Moscow. numerous. 1813. Action off Presque isle, between 1722. JOaN CHURCHILL, the renowned the United States schooner, Lady of the duke of Marlborough, died. He stands Lake, lieut. Chauncey, and the British unrivaled among the British generals, and schooner, Lady Murray, laden with providuring several years gained a series of the sions and ammunition, for York, Canada, most splendid victories. It has been said which was captured. that he gained every battle which he 1814. The editors of the Gazette Uniifought, and took every town which he versal having said something about the besieged. constitution of the Cortes, were condemn1743. Battle of Dettingen, in which the ed by their monarch, Ferdinand VII, to French suffered a severe defeat, losing the galleys. 6000( men; the allies,under George II,1000. 1815. BONAPARTE attacked the Prussian 1752. JOSEPH BUTLER, an eminent pre- posts of Sombref, St. Amand and Ligny, late and theological writer, died. He is under prince Blucher. The contest was celebrated as the author of the dnalogy of very severe, and the Prussian loss very Religion. great; they notwithstanding kept their po1755. Fort Beausejour, in Nova Scotia, sition until after night,when they retreated surrendered to the British, the French upon Wavre. Blucher had a horse killed garrison being permitted to march out with under him, and narrowly escaped withhis the honors of war. life. Ligny was taken and retaken sever1760. At Glen,in Leicestershire,England, al times. At the same time Bonaparte the populace threw two old women into attacked the British troops under Wellingthe water to try by their sinking or swim- ton, at Quartre Bras, and compelled him ming whether or not they were witches. to fall back upon Gemappe. The loss of 1772. The banking house of Neal and the allies was very severe. Fordyce, in London, failed, and it was 1818. The village of Bagnes, in Switzercounted an extraordinary feat to carry the land, overwhelmed by the giving away of intelligence to Edinburgh,'a distance of an ice barrier. 425 miles, in 43 hours. 1818. Irruption of lake Mauvoisin, in 1777. JOHN BAPTIST LouIS GRESSET, a the Alps, occasioned by the bursting of its celebrated French poet, died. His poems icy mound, by which six hundred millions were elegant, lively and interesting, and cubic feet of water were in an instant let obtained for him, among other honors, loose upon the beautiful valley of the letters of nobility. Drana, carrying before its overwhelming 1779. Manifesto presented to the British torrent every vestige of civilized life which court, announcing that Spain had taken stood within its reach. decided part with France and America 1819. An earthquake near Poonah, in against Great Britain. the East Indies, swallowed up a large dis1789. The states general of France trict and more than 2000 persons. formed themselves into the national as- 1821. JOHN BALLANTYNE, the confidensembly. tial printer of sir Walter Scott's Waverly 1793. Unsuccessful attack of the British novels, died at Edinburgh. He also estabon Martinique. lished the Kelso Mail, a respectable pro1794. Battle of Josselies; the heredi- vincial paper, yet in existence. tary prince of Orange attacked and de- 1830. An eruption of mount Etna, feated the French, who lost 7000 men and which destroyed eight villages, and buried 236 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 16. many of the inhabitants under the ruins cided by an assembly, civil matters by of their houses. parliament. 1831. The president of Hayti ordered 1658. Dunkirk surrendered to the French, all the French white inhabitants to leave and by them put into the hands of the the island before the 15th July. English. 1843. Died at Boston, whither he had 1673. Father MARQUETTE, and JOLIET a accompanied president Tyler to attend the citizen of Quebec, employed by M. Talon Bunker IIill celebration, HUGH S. LEGARE, for the discovery of the Mississippi, ena distinguished American statesman. tered that noble river. They descended 1843. Count WITTGENSTEIN, the Russian to within three days' journey of the gulf field marshal, who distinguished himself of Mexico. in the wars with Napoleon, died at St. 1685. The unfortunate duke of Argyle Petersburg, aged 87. taken in a morass. 1851. TOM JOHNSON, a Norwegian, died 1696. JoHN SOBIESKI, king of Poland, at the Naval asylum, Philadelphia, aged died. He distinguished himself on many 100; the last survivor of the gallant crew occasions in the Polish wars but the greatwho fought with Paul Jones, in the des- est of his exploits was the raising of the perate conflict with the Serapis in 1799. siege of Vienna, by which Europe was 1852. The sultan of Turkey issued a saved from the calamities consequent upon firman granting new rights and privileges an irruption of the Turks. to his Christian subjects. 1719. JOSEPH ADDISON, editor of the 1854. The siege of Silistria raised; the Spectator, died. He war the ornament of Turks made a sortie, causing a complete his age and country, and his writings will defeat of the Russians, forcing them to long continue to be read and admired. recross the Danube in all haste, took sev- 1734. Louis HECTOR VILLARS, peer of eral standards and a great quantity of bag- France, died, aged 82. He early adopted gage, and killed or severely wounded five the profession of arms, and distinguished Russian generals. himself through a long life as a brave and 1857. A riot took place in the city of efficient officer. New York, occasioned by a dispute about 1740. WILLIAM WYNDHAM, an eminent the public offices, there having been two English statesman, died. His abilities led sets appointed by different authorities. to his promotion to the highest offices in Mayor Wood was arrested for assault and the state. battery. 1745. Louisbourg, cape Breton, taken JUNE 17. from the French by the British and Massachusetts forces, under governor Shirley 431 B. C.. The dictator TUBERTUS POST- and admiral sir Peter Warren. HUMus gained a victory over the 2Equi 1761. The first English "navigation and Volsci, inconsiderable but noxious canal " opened, extending from Worsley enemies of the commonwealth. to Manchester, 18 miles. It originated 1081. ROBERT GUISCARD opened the with Scroope, duke of Bridgewater. famous siege of Durazzo, now in European 1775. Battle of Bunker's hill, and burnTurkey, on the gulf of Venice. ing of Charlestown by the British. The 1272. An attempt made to assassinate Americans were defeated with the loss of Edward I of England in his tent at Acre, 453 killed, wounded and missing. The by a messenger of the emir of Joppa. He killed, and those who died of their wounds received the blow on his arm, grappled were 139, including general Warren. Britwith the assassin, and throwing him on ish loss, 1,054, of whom 226 were killed, the ground despatched him with his own and among them colonel Abercromby and dagger. The life of the prince was saved major Pitcairn, who occasioned the first by his wife, who sucked the poison from shedding of blood at Lexington. the wound. 1776. British transports, George and 1458. ALFONSO V, of Arragon (the mag- Arabella, captured in Boston bay by six snanimouts), died. He made himself master American privateers. Among the prisonof Naples and Sicily; aside from his ex- ers taken was the honorable Archibald ploits as a warrior, he was a learned man Campbell, and 271 Highlanders. and the patron of learning, and the father 1780. Bank opened in Philadelphia for of his people. supplying the army with provisions, and 1614. WILLIAM BATHE, an Irish Jesuit, ~189,000 subscribed, payable in gold and died. He was rector of an Irish school at silver. Salamanca, and a writer on music and 1788. Convention at Poughkeepsie, N. divinity. Y., to consider the federal constitution. 1639. The king and his Scottish sub- 1789. The tiers etat, of France, were jects met at Dunse, in Scotland, and agreed joined by the whole body of inferior clergy that matters ecclesiastical should be de- with some nobles. They constituted them June 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 237 selves into a legislative body, and took Maine, died, aged 84. He removed to the name of national assembly. Bath early in the present century, and his 1791. SELINA, countess of Huntington, name is identified most intimately with all died. From habits of gaiety and dissipa- that relates to the separation from Massation, she became suddenly grave and pious, chussetts, and the adoption of the state and was distinguished by very extensive constitution. He held various civil offices charities. with ability and fidelity. 1792. Battle of Zielime, in which the 1852. The city of Sonora, in California, Polish army was defeated by a superior was nearly destroyed by fire. force of Russians. The action lasted from 1854. SEWARD BARCULO, a New York 7 in the morning till 5 in the evening. jurist of distinction, died, aged 50. He Loss of the Russians 4,000; that of the Poles was chosen justice of the supreme court 1,100. at the first judicial election held under the 1794. Ypres, in Belgium, surrendered new state constitution. to the French under Moreau. Four bat- 1854. JOSIAH HOLBROOK, a distinguished talions of Austrians, 6 of Hessians, 2 of advocate of popular education, died, aged Baden, 200 horse chasseurs, 150 Austrian 65. He was a native of Derby, Ct., and cannoniers, were taken prisoners, with graduated at Yale college in 1810. He 140 cannon. was very successful in diffusing among the 1799. First day's battle of the Trebia, young a love for- the study of mineralogy between the French under Macdonald, and and geology. He lost his life by accithe Russians and Austrians under Suwar dently falling into Blackrock creek, near row. The French were compelled to fall Lynchburg, Va., while on a geological back. excursion. 1807. Konigsberg, the capital of Prussia proper, taken by the French under Soult. Immense stores, with nearly 300 64. The conflagration of Rome, attributloaded vessels, 160,000 stand of arms, &c., ed by Nero to the Christians, which was were taken. the ostensible cause of the first persecu1810. JAMES CHILMERS, printer to the tion. (See 24th June.) city and university of Aberdeen, and pro- 741. LEO III (Isaurian), emperor of Conprietor of the.Aberdeen Journal, died. stantinople, died. He was the son of a 1812. The Decameron of Boccacio, a cobbler, and disgraced the imperial dignity single volume small folio, printed in 1471, by acts of barbarity and tyranny. He was sold at the sale of the duke of Roxburgh's the enemy of learning and learned men, library to the marquis of Blandford, for and set fire to the valuable library of his ~2,260. capital, by which 30,000 volumes were 1814. HENRY TRESHAM died; an Irish destroyed-, besides many of the choicest poet and painter of merit. paintings and medals. 1816. The allied army under Welling- 1053. Battle of Civitella; the forces of ton fell back on Waterloo, and Blucher to the pope, Leo IX, routed by Robert GuisWavre. The earl of Uxbridge made a card, the Norman. brilliant charge of cavalry at Gemappe. 1314. EDWARD II marched upon Scot1815. British order in council, forbid- land from Berwick, with his vast army. ding the Americans to use the British terri- 1429. Battle of Patray, in France; the tories for purposes connected with the English under Talbot defeated by Joan of Newfoundland fisheries. Arc, with the loss of 1,500 slain, and 1,000 1825. Corner stone of Bunker hill monu- taken. It was in this conflict that the ment laid with great and enthusiastic cere- notable sir John Falstaff, considering dismonies; Lafayette being present. cretion to be the better part of valor, 1839. WILLIAM BENTINCK, an English dropped his thirsty lance, and ran away. statesman, died. He had sustained many 1538. Truce for 10 years between high public offices, was a general in the Charles V of Germany, and Francis I of army, and ten years governor-general of France. Hostilities were renewed three India. years after. 1850. The steamer Griffith on lake Erie 1580. The colony of Virginia discouragwas burnt and 300 lives lost. ed with their losses and various misfor1852. THOMAS BUFFUM died, aged 75; tunes embarked for England. an active man in the political history of 1588. ROBERT CROWLEY, a scholar, Rhode Island, who had filled with credit preacher and printer, died. One of his many offices of honor and trust. principal works was in metre, entitled: 1852. JOHN TRIMBLE, a Kentucky judge, Pleasure and pain, heaven and hell, died, aged 69; having sustained the char- Remember these four and all shall be well. acter of an able and upright man. 1602. The fort and store house built by 1852. WILLIAM KING, first governor of Gosnold on Elizabeth island for a settle 238 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 18. ment, was abandoned in consequence of lost his battle through the rash bravery of discontents arrising among those who were one of his generals. to have remained in the country, and the 1764. Lighthouse at Sandyhook first put whole company returned to England. The in operation. ruins of this ephemeral settlement were 1772. GERARD VAN SWIETEN, a Dutch seen as late as 1797. physician, died. He settled in Vienna, 1616. THOMAS BILSON, a celebrated Eng- where he became a distinguished practilish divine, died. He was distinguished tioner, and his memory is still. held in for his eloquence as a preacher, and his great veneration by the profession there. learning as a theological writer and con- 1776. Gen. BuRGoYNE entered St. Johns, troversalist. He was one of the two final Canada, the Americans having evacuated correctors of the present translation of the it, and burnt the fort and barracks. Bible. 1779. British West India island St. Vin1621. The first duel in New England cent, surrendered to the French under fought by two servants with sword and Romain and d'Estaing. dagger, both of whom were wounded. 1783. The volcano of Skaptar Jokul, in For this outrage they were sentenced to Iceland, which had recently become very lie 24 hours with their heads and feet tied active, poured out an immense amount of together. lava, which, taking a new direction, dam1633. CHARLES I, of England, crowned med up the streams, and caused great deking of Scotland at Holyrood house, by the struction of property and lives. After archbishop of St. Andrews. flowing several days it was precipitated 1667. WILLIAM RAWLEY, an English di- down the cataract of Stapafoss, where it vine, died. He was chaplain to Charles I filled a profound abyss, which that great and II, and also to Bacon, whose works waterfall had been excavating for ages, he edited. and thence the fiery flood continued in 1675. Battle of Fehrbellin; the elector its course. Frederick William, at the head of 6,000 1783. WASHINGTON announced to the cavalry, attacked the Swedish invading governors of the several states his intendarmy under the celebrated Wrangel, and ed resignation of the command of the army. gained a complete victory. 1793. British frigate La Nymphe, capt. 1684. The English court of chancery Pellew, captured French frigate Cleopatra, gave judgment for the king against the after an action of 55 minutes. French governor and company of Massachusetts; captain and about 60 of his men killed or their charter was declared forfeited, and wounded. The British loss 25 killed, 27 their liberties were seized into the king's wounded. This was the first capture hands. made after the declaration of war. 1697. RIcHARD, earl of Bellomont, was 1795. Russian manifesto issued by gen. appointed to succeed colonel Fletcher as Thimothie Tutomlin, on taking possession governor of New York. of Russian Poland. 1718. An earthquake extended through 1799. Second day's battle of Trebia; several inland provinces of China, by French under Macdonald obliged to retire which the gates and walls of cities were across the river by the Russians under thrown down. The city of Yong-ning- Suwarrow. tchin was entirely swallowed up, and sev- 1805. ARTHUR MURPHY, an EngliSh draeral mountains were thrown over a plain matic writer of eminence, died. Many of to the distance of about two leagues. his plays still keep the stage. His trans1741. FRANCIS POURFOUR died; a French lation of Tacitus is also in common use. physician and skillful herbalist. 1811. RUTH PIERCE, the mother of sir 1749. AMBROSE PHILIPS, an English poet, Benjamin Thompson, count Rumford, died died. He wrote also for the stage with at Baldwin, Maine. some success, although his performances 1812. United States declared war against were ridiculed by Pope. England. 1756. Calcutta, in India, taken by Sura- 1815. Hostilities ceased between Engjah Dowla: of 146 prisoners put into a land and the United States throughout the dungeon called the " black hole," 123 world. were suffocated. 1815. Battle of Waterloo, in the Nether1756. Minorca surrendered to the lands. The forces of the two armies are French by the British general Blakeney. differently stated, but are supposed to The British had taken it from the Spani- have been about 75,000 each. The battle ards in 1708. began about noon, and continued with 1757. Battle of Kolin;. the Prussians great obstinacy till night, when the French under Frederick II defeated by the Aus- were completely defeated with the loss of trians under count Daun, with the loss of more than 30,000 men, 210 cannon, several 8,000 killed and wounded. Frederick military chests, and all Napoleon's baggage. June 18.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 239 The loss of the allies was probably up- 1619. The first assembly of Virginia wards of 20,000. This great battle gave met at Jamestown. The settlements had peace to Europe. now become so numerous that 11 corpora1823. WILLIAM COOMBE, a British author tions appeared by their representatives to of considerable merit, died. He did not exercise the noblest function of freemen, attach his name to his works. the power of legislation. 1832. The duke of Wellington attacked 1690. EZEKIEL HOPKINS, a learned Engby a mob in the streets of London-the lish prelate died, aged 57. anniversary of his victory at Waterloo. 1707. WILLIAM SHERLOCK, an eminent 1835. WILLIAM COBBET, an English English divine, died, aged about 66; poetical and miscellaneous writer, died. famous for his controversial works, in He was a self-taught and self-made man, which he took sides against the dissenters, who for many years made a conspicuous as also against Dr. South on the subject of figure in the politics of England, and was the trinity. finally elected to parliament. 1709. ISAAC PAPIN, a French divine, 1841. The constitution'of the newly died. His views differed a hair from those constituted state of the isthmus of Panama of his sect, and persecution followed him publicly sworn to, and Dr. Thomas Her- from one country to another, till he finally rara elected president. took refuge with the catholics. 1848. HENRY TOOLEY, a consistentmem- 1715. NICHOLAS LEMERY, a French ber of the methodist episcopal church, the chemist, died, aged 70. He was ardently first masonic grand master in Mississippi, devoted to the science, and contributed and a son not only but the father of tem- much to spread a correct knowledge of it perance in Natchez, died there, aged 75. among the people by his lectures. 1848. The city of Prague, which had 1720. JOHN MATTHEWS, aged about 18, revolted on the 12th, was bombarded and was executed at Tyburn, for, while an reduced to ruins. apprentice, printing a political work. 1848. The Austrians defeated by the 1729. ROBERT KNELL, the compositor, Piedmontese near Rivoli. and JOHN CLARK, the pressman, of Mist's 1848. Venice garrisoned by 13,000 Ro- Journal, were pilloried, but protected by mans. their friends from being pelted by the mob. 1848. Carlowitz bombarded. 1741. Admiral VERNON seized the castles 1854. HENRIETTA SONTAG, one of first of Carthagena, South America. The lyric artists of the day, died at Mexico, British were afterwards compelled to retire aged about 50. on account of pestilence. 1855. The allies made a combined attack 1754. A convention of the states at Alupon the Malakoff and Redan towers, at bany proposed a union for defence against Sebastopol, without success, and with a the common enemy. Delegates were preloss of 56 officers killed, 146 wounded sent from New HampshiIe, Massachusetts, and 17 prisoners; and 1,694 men killed or Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, missing, and 2,690 wounded. Maryland and New York. 1755. WILLIAM HAY died in England; remarkable for his deformity, on which JUNE 19. he wrote an essay. He was a member of parliament, and an author of some merit. 325. The first council of Nicebegan and 1757. Action between British ship Excontinued to 25th August; present 318 periment, 20 guns, 142 men, and French bishops. ship Telemaque, 26 guns, 460 men, in 1215. JOHN, king of England, signed which the latter was captured with the the famous magna charta, and the charter loss of 125 killed, 110 wounded. It had of the forests, in a meadow at Runnimede been fitted out expressly to capture the between Staines and Windsor. (See 29th.) Experiment, which had 12 killed, 36 1312. PIERS GAVESTON, the favorite of wounded. Edward II, executed. In his elevation he 1781. Assault on fort Ninety-six, by the was proud, overbearing and cruel, and Americans under Gen. Greene, who were the barons rose up against him, and ac- repulsed with the loss of 185. The Amercomplished his destruction. icans then abandoned the siege. British 1566. JAME;S VI of Scotland and I of loss 85. England, was born in a small room in 1783. HENRY LOYD, a military officer and Edinburgh castle. writer, died. He was born in W~ales, en1579. Maestricht, in Holland, taken by tered the service of Austria, and afterthe Spaniards under the duke of Parma, wards served in the armies of Prussia and after a siege of four months, during which Russia. On his return to England he proabout 8000 persons perished miserably. It duced several military works of great was given up to pillage. merit. 240 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 19. 1786. NATHANIEL GREENE, an officer in 1820. JOSEPH BANKS,.an eminent English the revolutionary army, died, aged 46. literary and philosophical writer, died. He was of quaker descent, born in Rhode lie made several voyages in pursuit of Island. He distinguished himself at the science, one of which was with captain battles of Trenton, Princeton, German- Cook. town and Monmouth, and finally covered 1821. Battle of Dragashan, in Turkey, himself with glory at the battle of Eutaw between the Greeks and Turks. The Springs, which closed the war in South Greeks were commanded by the brave Carolina. Ypsilanti; but owing to the treachery of the 1794. French general DUMOURIER, ar- Arnauts, who abandoned their posts, the rived in London on his escape from the Greeks were totally defeated, and the convention, but was ordered to depart the " sacred band " of the hetaireia, the flower British dominions immediately. of the Greek youth, were annihilated. 1794. The Corsicans accepted their new This affair nearly proved fatal to the cause constitution, and acknowledged George III of the Greek revolution. their king. 1829. JOHN CLEVES SYMMES, an Ameri1794. RICHARD HENRY LEE, a revolution- can officer, died. He is to be remembered ary patriot, died. He originated the first re- for the enthusiasm with which he mainsistance to British oppression, and during tained the theory that the earth was holthe struggle continued to hold some im- low, with an opening at each of the poles. portant civil office, where his talents were 1830. Battle of Strouli, between 50,000 conspicuous. Algerines, Turks and Arabs, and 25,000 1798. BONAPARTE left Malta at the head of French under Gen. Bourmont, in which the French expedition which was destined the former were defeated. for Egypt, leaving behind him 4,000 men 1853. RICHARD TAYLOR, second chief of under Gen. Vaubois, to regenerate the is- the Cherokee nation, died at Tahleguah, land after the pattern of the French re- Arkansas. He commanded under Gen. public. Jackson in the war against the Creek In1799. Third day's battle of Trebia. The dians. French under Macdonald crossed the river and attacked the Austrians and Russians. But after an obstinate and bloody conflict JUNE 20. they were compelled to fall back with a loss of 1700 killed and 500 prisoners. 404. The illustrious JOHN CHRYSOSTOM 1799. Five French frigates bound from banished from his patriarchate to the Jaffa to Toulon, with 1340 men, were cap- remote and desolate town of Cucusus, tured by a British squadron. among the ridges of mount Taurus, by a 1800. Battle of Blenheim; the French command of the empress Eudoxia. The under Moreau, after a short but obstinate day of this his final exile was marked by action, defeated the Austrians under Gen. the conflagration of the cathedral, senateStarray, and obliged them to abandon Ulm house, and the adjacent buildings, and by and retire into Franconia. the destruction of the incomparable stat1807. Naval action off Lemnos between ues of the Muses from the temple of Helithe Russians and Turks, in which the lat- con. ter were defeated with the loss of an 80 840. Louis I (Debonnaire), king of France gun ship and two other ships of the line and emperor of the West, died. He had taken, and five burnt. not sufficient ability to manage the con1808. Action off the Nase of Norway; flicting interests of his large dominions, the British sloop Seagull sunk by a Danish and was harrassed by the rebellion of his brig and several gun boats.,* Several of brothers and sons. the Danes went down with her. 981. ADALBERT, bishop of Magdeburg, 1809. Congress renewed the non-inter- died. He converted the Sclavonians, and course act. penetrated far into Pomerania as a Christ1811. SAMUEL CHASE, a judge of the ian missionary. United States supreme court, died. He 1333. Battle of Halidon hill. The regent was a distinguished member of the con- of Scotland, six earls, and many barons gress of 1774. fell in the field; the fugitives were pur1813. British landed from their shipping sued by king Edward and a party of horse, on lake Ontario, and destroyed the public and also by lord Darcy and his Irish auxstores at Sodus; they burnt several of the iliaries. The slaughter is said to have best houses and stores in the village. exceeded that of any former defeat. 1818. PATRICK BRYDONE, a Scottish tra- 1472. King HENRY VI of England murveler, died. He published a narrative of his dered in the Tower by order of the duke travels in Sicily and Malta, which has been of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III, as is often republished. supposed. June 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 241 1632. The patent of Maryland, designed an eminent musician, whose performances for George Calvert, lord Baltimore, was on attracted much attention in Europe. his decease, filled up to his son, Cecilius 1789. The national assembly of France Calvert. When king Charles signed it, he having been refused admission into the gave to the new patent the name of Mary- usual place of meeting, assembled in the land in honor of his queen Henrietta rain in a tennis court. Maria. Lord Baltimore held it of the 1790. Titles of nobility and feudal right crown of England as part of Windsor abolished in France. manor, paying yearly forever, two Indian 1791. Louis XVI and the royal family arrows, which may now be seen at. the made their escape from Paris with the castle. intention of proceeding to Germany, to 1649. RICHARD BRANDON, the hereditary avoid the disturbances which threatened hangman, and the executioner of Charles the country. I and the earl of Strafford, died in misery. 1792. The assembly of the sans culottes He was interred the next day amidst exe- appeared in Paris with their arms and crations and vulgar insults, which he colors. could not feel. 1793. The negroes and mulattoes of cape 1698. The summit of Carguairazo, a Francois began an indiscriminate massacre burning mountain near Quito, 1800 feet of the whites. A. company of 2000 men high, crumbled together, so that nothing were sent on shore from the French fleet more than two enormous rocky horns of to arrest their depredations,but were comthe crater's edge remained, and the coun- pelled to embark again. (See 23.) try for nearly two square miles, was deso- 1794. FELIX VICQ D'AZIR, an eminent lated with liquid tufa, and argillaceous French physician and anatomist, died at mud, enclosing dead fishes. Paris. 1719. The Spaniards defeated the Impe- 1798. JEREMY BELKNAP, a Boston dirialists at Franca-Villa in Sicily, with the vine, and historian of New Hampshire. loss of their general, Merci, and 4000 men. died, aged 58. He also published two vol1743. JOHN GEORGE KEYSLER, a German umes of d.merican Biography, a work traveler andantiquary, died. On his visit which his death abridged. to England he was admitted fellow of the 1813. British made an attack on OsweRoyal society, and deserved it by his ao, but were repulsed by the militia under explication of Stonehenge. Col. Carr. 1743. Action near Manilla, between the 1815. That questionable monster, the British ship Centurion, lord Anson, and sea-serpent, observed at Plymouth, Mass. the Acapulco ship, the Nostra Signora de Its extension above the surface of the Cabadonga, 36 guns and 550 men, com- water was supposed to be more than a manded by don Geronimo de Montoro, a hundred feet. The serpentine animal Portuguese officer. The cutter was cap- noticed in the Norway seas is of much tured, withthe loss of 67 killed, 84 wound- larger proportions, with large blue eyes, ed; British loss 2 killed, 17 wounded. "which looked like a couple of bright The property on board this prize amount- pewter plates." ed to $1,500,000. 1818. JOSEPH ADAMS, an eminent Lon1747. NADIR SHAH, for some time mon- don physician and medical writer, died. arch of Persia, was assassinated by his 1819. The first steam vessel which men, whom he had designed the next day crossed the Atlantic arrived at Liverpool. to massacre. 1830. Battle between the French and 1752. The trustees of Georgia, finding Algerines, near Sidi Khalef; the latter that the province languished under their were defeated. care, and weary of the complaints of the 1836. EDMUND JOSEPH DE SIEYES, a French people, surrendered their charter to the statesman, died, aged 88. He long acted king. a conspicuous part in the affairs of France, 1756. Calcutta taken by Surajah Dowla, but on the fall of Napoleon was banished, and 145 Englishmen incarcerated in the and some years previous to his death was black hole, including Holwell, the governor reduced to a state of idiocy. of Bengal; all of whom were suffocated 1837. WILLIAM IV of England, died, but 23. (See June 18.) aged 72. His reign was brief, but was 1779. Battle of Stono-Ferry, in which distinguished for various important meathe Americans under Gen. Lincoln were sures of reform, and the abolition of colodefeated, owing to the mismanagement of nial slavery. a part of the forces, who did not come up. 1837. Michigan entered the United Loss 146. States confederacy. 1781. CORNWALLIS evacuated Richmond, 1840. PIEfrRE CLAUDE FRANCOIS DAUNOIT, Virginia. peer of France, and eight years editor of 1787. CHARaLES FREDERICK ABEIL died; the Journal des Savants, died at Paris, aged 31 242 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 20. 79. He was a laborious writer, in which 1529. Trial of CATCARINE, first queen of he was distinguished by his great learning Henry VIII of England. and elegance of style. 1529. JOHN SKELTON, an English poet, 1843. HENRY DOGGETT, an officer of the'died. He wrote sonnets and satires, and revolutionary army, died at New Haven, was invested with the laureate. aged 86. He was the son of Naphtali 1585. HENRY PERCY, the 8th earl of Doggett, president of Yale college during Northumberland (exclusive of Dudley), the revolution,and was the oldest surviving was found in the tower, dead, his breast graduate of the college. pierced with three pistol bullets-alleged 1843. HUGH S. LEGARE, attorney-general suicide, but supposed violence. of the United States, died at Boston, aged 1596. Naval victory of the English over about 50. He was eminent for his acquire- the Spaniards, at Cadiz, when the earl ments as a scholar, his fine taste as a of Essex, in a fit of delight, threw his hat writer, and his learning and eloquence as into the sea! a lawyer and advocate. He was acting 1611. HENRY HUDSON, having wintered secretary of state at the time of his death, in the bay which bears his name, and purand experience showed that he was amply suing the object of his voyage, a northfitted for the highest trusts, and adorned west passage, a conspiracy broke out on every station which he was called to fill. this day among the ship's crew, when 1844. JOHN PINTARD died in New York, Hudson, his son, and five others, most of aged 87. He was one of the originators whom were sick and lame, were forced of the New York historical society, and into the shallop, with a small quantity of of the Savings bank. meal, one gun and ammunition, two or 1848. PAREDES raised the standard of three spars and an iron pot, and with the revolt in Mexico, assisted by padre Jurau- most savage inhumanity turned adrift. ta.-A portion of Washington's library, This is the last account of Hudson. consisting of 450 bound volumes, and 1631. JOHN SMITH, one of the early setabout 1000 pamphlets, presented to the tiers of Virginia, died. He was a brave Boston atheneum by the citizens. —A and daring man, and it was mainly owing loan negotiated at Washington by the to him that the colony was made permagovernment, of sixteen million dollars, at nent. a premium of half a million. 1652. INIGO JONES, a celebrated English 1852. WILLIAM BIDDLE SHEPARD, a noted architect, died. He surpassed most of the lawyer and politician, died at Elizabeth great men of his age in learning and City, N. C., aged 51. He distinguished ability. himself, by his abilities, and was ten years 1675. Foundation laid of the cathedral in congress. of St. Paul's, London. It stands upon 1854. GEORGE W. MARTIN, an efficient upwards of two acres of ground, and its military officer, died at Tallahatchie, Mis- height is 404 feet. souri. He served in the war of 1812, and 1738. GEORGE WILLIASr FREDERICK, the accompanied Gen. Jackson throughout the young English prince, re-baptized by the campaigns of three years, and in the biqhop of Oxford, with great pomp. PriCreek war. vate baptism at his birth was first admin1856. TANCRED FLORESTAN ROGER LouIs istered, fearing his immediate dleath. GRIMALDI, prince of Monaco and duke of 1747. British fleet under commodore Valentinois, died at Paris. On the death Fox captured 48 sail of French West-Inof his brotherin 1841 he became sovereign diamen. prince of Monaco, under the title of Flo- 1759. Fort George erected at the head restan I. of lake George. 1764. British commodore Byron sailed JUNE 21. from the Downs in the Dolphin, on his voyage round the world. 545 B. C. THALES, a Grecian philoso- 1768. JOHN LINDSAY died; a learned pher, died. He was the chief of the seven English divine, and a historical and theosages of Greece, and founder of the Ionic logical writer. sect of philosophers. He divided the 1770. Fete on account of the marriage Grecian zodiac into seasons, and the year of Louis XVI of France, when 15,000 perinto 365 days. sons were trampled to death. 1339. Battle of Laupen; the citizens of 1770. WILLIAM BECKFORD, one of the Bern, in Switzerland, defeated an army of most popular mayors of London, died. 18,000 from its rival cities, headed by 700 1773. GEORGE JUAN, a Spanish knight of its own nobility and 1,200 knights, of Malta, and an able mathematician, died. who were totally vanquished. His writings have been translated into 1377. EDWARD III, of England, died, various languages. aged 65, having reigned 51 years. 1782. The British government sent Mr. June 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 243 Woodyear in the Tiger man-of-war, to the fire in Constantinople; damage estimated West Indies to determine the longitude. at $100,000,000. 1783. About 300 American troops with 1850. MATTHEW L. DAVIS, a distinfixed bayonets, surrounded the house in. guished citizen and printer in New York, which congress was sitting, and demanded died. a redress of grievances. 1850. JACOB HAYEs, long a leading po1788. New Hampshire adopted the fed- lice officer of New York, died. His notoeral constitution, recommending amend- riety was very great. ments, being the ninth state to do so; 1852. MARY ANN CLARKE died at Bouvotes 57 to 46. logne, in France, aged 74; the notorious 1791. A flood near the Havanna, swept mistress of the duke of York, to whose away 3,000 persons. name, for a time, much consequence was 1792. An immense body, headed by given, in parliament and in London sociSanterre, forced their way into the Tuil- ety, by the charges against the duke in 1809. leries, and compelled Louis XVI to wear 1853. A boat's crew from the Austrian the red cap. brig-of-war Huzzar, lying in the harbor of 1797. ANDREW PETER BERNSTORFF died; Smyrna, seized in that port a Hungarian a German who settled in Denmark, became refugee, named Martin Koszta, and carried a distinguished statesman, and a great fa- him to the ship. The populace, excited vorite with the people. by the outrage attacked three Austrian 1797. PETER THELLUSSON, a rich London officers, of whom two were slain. Koszta merchant, died. His will, devising lands having protection, in virtue of his primary to the amount of ~4,500 per annum declaration of an intention of becoming an and ~600,000 personal property to be American citizen, captain Ingraham, of funded to aid in liquidation of the national the American sloop-of-war St. Louis dedebt, gave rise to the act regulating devis- manded his release. The affair caused a es. good deal of excitement throughout the 1798. Battle of Vinegar hill, at which civilized world. (See July 2.) the Irish rebels were completely routed and the insurrection crushed. 1809. DANIEL LAMBERT, an English gi- JUNE 22. ant, died at Stamford, aged 36. His weight was 739 lbs. when last weighed, 168 B. C. Battle of Pydna; Perseus, but at the time of his death, it was sup- the last king of Macedon, defeated by the posed to have been full 800. His coffin Romans under Paulus 2Emylius, who contained 112 superficial feet of Elm timber. brought to Rome a great number of books 1813. Battle of Vittoria, in Spain, be- and manuscripts. The date is settled by tween the French under Joseph Bonaparte an eclipse which happened the preceding and Jourdan, and the allies under Wel- night. This battle terminated the indelington. French met with a disastrous pendence of a country which had seen a defeat, losing 15,000 killed and wounded, succession of thirty legitimate monarchs and 3,000 prisoners, 150 cannon, 400 and eight usurpers, since its foundation by wagons of ammunition, 14,000 cattle, and Caranus 814 B. c., six years'after the fall the military chest, containing 42,000,000 of Assyria. reals. Loss of the allies 4,645. 431. Third (Ecumenical council assem1814. JoHN MARTIN MILLER, a professor bled at Ephesus, to execute the decree of of oriental languages, and poet of some pope Celestine as to the heresy of Nestonote, died at Ulm. rius. He was deposed from his see and 1816. The king of the Netherlands ac- banished to an oasis. ceded to the holy alliance. 1191. A remarkable eclipse of the sun, 1828. LEANDRO FERNANDEZ MORATIN when the crusaders were at Acre, at 8 o'died at Paris. He was a dramatic writer clock in the morning. In that year a parof much merit. helion appeared undistinguishable by the 1832. SIMON WARONZOW, a Russian naked eye from the real sun. statesman, died in London. He had been 1298. Battle of Falkirk; Edward I with for 30 years Russian ambassador to Great 80,000 English defeated the Scottish army Britain. under Wallace, with great slaughter. 1832. ANNA MARIA PORTER, an English 1415. JOHN Huss, a Bohemian clergynovelist, died. Her works, together with man who had adopted the opinions of those of her sister Jane, had gained a Wickliff, was burnt at the stake. great degree of popularity, which was in a 1476. Battle of Morat, in Switzerland, measure swept away, with every thing and defeat of Charles the Bold, duke of else, before that splendid series, the Wa- Burgundy. Philip de Comines, speaking verly novels. of this celebrated conflict for liberty, men1848. About 3,000 houses destroyed by tions arquebusiers as troops. 244 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 22. 1483. Accession of the usurper Richard 1772. Chief-justice MANSFIELD, of EngIII. land, gave judgment that the master of a 1527. NiccOLO MACHIAVELLI, a Floren- negro slave which had been brought to tine writer, died. His works are nume- England had no right to send him back to rous, but that called The Prince is the most the plantations. famous, and has generally given him a 1775. Congress resolved to emit $2,000,bad character, though defended by Bacon 000 in bills of credit. and Clarendon. 1777. British evacuated New Brunswick 1535. JOHN FISHER, an English prelate, and retired to Amboy; they suffered sebeheaded at the age of 77. He pertina- verely fromMorgan's riflemen and Wayne's ciously opposed the measures of the king, brigade. in relation to his wives. He was the op- 1780. The forts on Licking river at-' ponient of Erasmus, who, however, gives tacked by 600 Indians and Canadians unhim a superior character. der colonel Bird, with 6 field pieces; they 1596. The combined English and Dutch took all the inhabitants captives, and fleets under lord Eflingham and admiral loaled them with heavy baggage; such as Van Duvenwoord, attacked the Spanish failed on the journey were tomahawked fleet in Cadiz bay, burnt 3 galleons, cap- and scalped. tured two, and drove a great number on 1803. WILLIAM HEINSE, 2 German aushore. To save the latter the Spaniards thor, died. His works are in 10 vols., and agreed to pay 2,500,000 ducats. manifest great ability. 1602. " Lent unto Benjamy Johnsone, 1807. British ship Leopard, 50 guns, at the apoyntment of E. Allen and Wil- attacked American frigate Chesapeake, 36 liam Birde, in earnest of a booke [play] guns, captain Barron. The Chesapeake called Richard Crook-back, and for new struck in 30 minutes; 3 men killed, 18 adycions of Jeronimo, the sum of xlb."- wounded. Four men were taken out of Henslowe Manuscripts. the Chesapeake, when she was permitted 1632. GALILEO and his books condemned to proceed. One of these was hanged. by the inquisition. Barron was suspended for five years. 1664. CATHARINE PHILIPS, an English 1813. Battle of Craney island, in Chesapoetess, died. peake bay. British under sir Sidney Beck1679. Battle of Bothwell bridge; the with and admiral Warren defeated by 480 Scottish covenanters defeated by the Eng- Virginia militia and 150 sailors. British lish under the duke of Monmouth. loss 1200 killed wounded or drowned. 1691. MAHOMET IV, of Turkey, assassi- None of the Americans were injured. nated in prison. In the beginning of his 1815. BONAPARTE'S second abdication. reign he was eminently successful in war; He announced that his political life had but the resistless valor of John Sobieski terminated, and proclaimed his son, Nadrove the Turks within their own domin- poleon II, emperor of the French. ions. These calamities were attributed to 1835. CHARLES BUTLER, the reminiscent, the sultan, and the janizaries deposed him. died. 1691. SOLYMAN III, of Turkey, brother of 1834. FERDINANDWILHELM BECKER died; the preceding, died. He was taken from a distinguished German physician. prison and placed on the throne, on the 1835. FRANCIsco TACON Y RosIsQuE died; deposition of his brother, Mahomet, 1687. a Spanish statesman, and minister from He was indolent and superstitious. Spain to the United States. He had filled 1714. MATTHEW HENRY, an eminent many distinguished officps, and was greatly English dissenting divine, died. His respected and esteemed for his talents and writings are highly valued, particularly amiable qualities. the Expositions of the Bible, 5 vols. folio. 1839. DEBORAH KNIGHT died at Sumner, 1734. EDMUND POURCHAT died; a French Me., aged 105. professor of philosophy, and a man of ex- 1848. The difficulties and disturbances tensive learning. occasioned'by the disbanding of the ope1741. This day is memorable for the ratives in the national workshops at Paris impressment of seamen into the British began. service. Nothing could protect the un- 1848. Civil war in Paris; barricades happy individuals; in 36 hours the names erected, and a terrible slaughter of the of 2370 were enrolled. people; general Cavaignac declared dic1763. JOHN PETER DE BOUGAINVILLE died; tator. a French author, of great acquirements, 1848. MARTIN VAN BUREN nominated whose application hastened his death, at for president of the United States at a conthe age of 41. vention at Utica. 1770. PHILIP CARTERET WEBB died a 1849. ELIZABETH GRINDELL died in Godistinguished English lawyer and anti- shen, N. H., aged 104i years, leaving a quary. descendant of the fifth generation. June 22.) EVERY DAY BOOK. 245 1852. CHARLES C. BERRY, commander were abandoned to the rapacity of the of the steamship United States, died at conquerors. Brooklyn, N. Y., aged 39. He had been 1606. HENRY GARNET, provincial of the connected with the mercantile marine of Jesuits, executed for the gunpowder plot. New York from an early age. 1645. VIERA'S plot discovered, to deli1854. JEREMIAH M. SCARRITT, a United ver Olinda and the other Dutch possessions States military engineer, died at Key West. into the hands of the Portuguese. He was He was a native of New Hampshire, grad- originally a butcher's boy. uated at the military academy of West 1650. CHARLES II arrived on the coast Point in 1838, served with distinction in of Scotland, but was compelled to take the war with Mexico, and was brevetted the covenant before landing. for gallant and meritorious conduct. 1654. SOUTHWORTH, a catholic clergyman, 1855. SAMUEL SUMNER WILDE died, aged executed in his 72d year. He reproached 84. He was one of the delegates to the his persecutors for arming themselves for Hartford convention, and the last survivor liberty of conscience, and killing him for of that assemblage; he also held the office differing with them. of a justice of the supreme court of Mas- 1664. The duke of York conveyed a part sachusetts 35 years. His judicial career of his tract in North America to John lord was distinguished by great legal learning Berkley, baron of Stratton, and sir George and stern integrity. Carteret, by the name of Nova-Cwesarea, or 1855. WILLIAM HENRY STONE, the cor- New Jersey. Thus the New Netherlands respondent of the London Times from the became divided into New York and New seat of war, died at Balaclava, aged 30. Jersey. He was employed by the British govern- 1687. M. DENONVILLE, with 1,500French ment in administering the fund for the re- and 500 Indians marched from Canada for lief of the sick and wounded, and was a the purpose of humbling the Seneca Inyoung man of brilliant promise. dians. When he had reached the foot of a hill about a mile from the principal village of the Senecas, he aroused an ambush JUNE 23. of 500 Indians, which at first threw his army into confusion, but they soon rallied 217 B. C. Battle of Thrasymene, in Ita- again and the Senecas were defeated, with ly, between the Romans under Caius Fla- the lose of 80, and laid their own village minius, and the Carthaginians under Han- in ashes. The French found only two old nibal. The Romans were defeated, and men, whom they cut in pieces and boiled Flaminius killed. to make soup for their allies. 303. ST. ALBAN, the first martyr for 1707. JOHN MILL, a learned English diChristianity in England, beheaded at Ve- vine, died; editor of a Greek. Testament, rulam in Hertfordshire. Nearly five hun-. with various readings and critical notes; a dred years after his death his memory was labor of thirty years, and which was pub. honored by Offa, king of the Mercians, who lished only a fortnight before his death. built a stately monastery over him, whence 1728. GABRIEL DANIEL, a learned French the town of St. Albans receives its name. Jesuit, died. His books were rapidly re1137. ALBERTUS, archbishop of Mentz, published, and several translated. died. He abused the confidence and libe- 1736. ACHMET III, ex-emperor of Turrality of the emperor, Henry V, by rais- key, died, aged 74. He waged war with ing a conspiracy, for which he was impri- Russia, Persia and Venice successfully, soned. and is entitled to some regard for the hos1281. A terrible convulsion of Mount pitality he showed to that unfortunate Etna, about sunset. madman, Charles XII of Sweden. 1485. RICHARD III published his famous 1757. Battle of Plaissey, in Hindostan; proclamation, stating that Henry Tudor the British under lord Clive defeated Suraintended to " change and subvert the laws jah Dowla, and took his camp, baggage, of the realm, and to do the most cruel and 50 cannon. murders, slaughters, robberies and dishe- 1758. Battle of Crefelt; French defeatrisons, that were ever seen in any Christian ed with the loss of 600 by the allies under country." Ferdinand of Brunswick, who lost 1,500. 1579. The famous union of Utrecht ef- 1759. Battle of Kay, on the Oder; the fected. It included Gelderland, Holland, Prussians under Wedel attacked the RusZealand, Friesland and Utrecht. Ghent and sians, and were defeated with the loss of Ypres afterwards acceded. 4,000. 1596. Cadiz surrendered to the English 1760. Battle of Landshut; the Austriby capitulation. A ransom of 120,000 ans assaulted and carried the town with crowns was paid by the inhabitants for great loss on both sides. their lives, and the town and merchandise 1764. JOSEPH BARRY, a French ecclesi 246 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 23. astic and author, died. His History of Ger- JUNE 24. many, 11 vols. quarto, is reckoned the best work in French on the subject. 64. The first Christian persecution un1770. MARK AKENSIDE, an English poet, der Nero. died. He wrote also on medicine; and 79. TITUs FLAVIUS VESPASIANUS,. empossessed an original and powerful mind. peror of Rome, died, after a popular reign 1780. Battle of Springfield, N. J.; the of 10 years. He was the first of the Roman British took the town and burnt it, and emperors who died a natural death. retreated. 1203. The third, or Boniface's crusade, 1791. CATHARINE MACAULEY (Graham), reached Chalcedon. an English historian, -died. She wrote 1314. Battle of Bannockburn in Scotseveral histories, essays and political works, land. The English army of 100,000 men which are now nearly obliviated. under Edward II totally defeated by the 1793. New declaration of the rights of Scots. 30,000, under Bruce. The loss of man by the French convention. the English was 154 earls, barons and 1793. Cape Frangois burnt by the neg- knights, 700 gentlemen and upwards of roes and mulattoes, after an indiscriminate 10,000 common soldiers. massacre of the whites, which had been in 1340. Battle of Sluys: the English unprogress since the 7th, by which several der Edward III, with 240 ships, defeated thousands perished. (See 20th.) the French fleet of 400 ships. The French 1795. Action between the British and lost 230 vessels and 30,000 men killed. French fleets off L'Orient, in which the 1450. Battle of Seven Oaks, in England, latter were defeated, with the loss of sev- when Cade, the rebel, turning on his pureral large ships. suers, put them to flight, killed sir Hum1824. STEPHEN AIGNAN, a French poet phrey Stafford, and arrayed himself in the and dramatic writer, died. He filled sev- knight's panopli and spurs. eral offices under Napoleon. 1497. JOHN CABOT and his son SEBASTIAN, 1824. WILSON LOWRY, an English artist, in the service of England, first descried died. He made many improvements in land on the continent of America, which the art of engraving.' they called Prima Vista, and is generally 1836. JAMES MILL, a Scottish divine, supposed to have been some part of Newdied; celebrated for his literary and philo- foundland. No one had yet reached the sophical works, author of a History of Brit- continent. ish India, 4c. 1534. JOHN BOCCOLD (of Leyden) a jour1839. HESTER STANHOPE, a learned Eng- neyman tailor, crowned king of Sion at lish lady, died at D'Joun, in Syria. She Munster, in Germany, by the anabaptists. had resided in Syria nearly thirty years, The German princes took the city by surand was celebrated for her eccentricity and prise on this day the year following, and desingular mode of life. She was a niece of.posed the king, and afterwards put him to William Pitt, and abandoned civilized so- death. ciety to reside among Arabs, over whom 1577. SEBASTIAN III of Portugal emshe acquired great command. barked at Lisbon against the Moors in Af1854. A terrible hurricane occurred at rica, with 1,000 sail. Manteno, Illinois, extending from six to 1637. NIcHOLAS CLAUDE FABRI PEIRESC, eight miles in width, prostrated many a distinguished French antiquary, died. houses, and caused much other damage. He was a learned man, and highly es1854. DANIEL WELLS, chief justice of teemed by his cotemporaries. the court of common pleas of Massachu- 1643. JOHN HAMPDEN, an English statessetts, died at Cambridge, aged 63. He man, died. He was a leader of the parwas born in Greenfield, Mass., and in 1837 liamentary forces, and mortally wounded was appointed district attorney for the at the battle of Chalgrove field. western district, the duties of which office 1675. King PHILIP'S war began at Swanhe discharged, with marked ability, pro- zey, in the Plymouth colony, not far from priety and success until appointed chief mount Hope. Having sent their wives and justice. children to the Narragansetts for safety, a 1855. The Russians, 30,000 men, under party of the Wampanoags advanced to general Mouravieff, invested Kars in the Swanzey, where they menaced the people, Crimea; the Turkish garrison was com- and proceeded to rifle their houses, and manded by general Williams, an English- even to kill the cattle. An Indian was man. shot, whereupon the party rushed forward 1856. Prince ESTERHAZY, an eminent and slew eight or nine of the inhabitants; Austrian ambassador, died at Berlin, in thus opened the bloody scene, which for Prussia, where he was envoy. more than a year spread terror and devastation over the New England colonies, and shed a deluge of human blood. It was a June 24.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 247 contest for extirpation, and ere it ended 1848. ANTONIO GAGNA, a Mexican milithe flower of the English and the chivalry tary officer, died at Puebla, aged 64 years, of the Indians were laid low. 52 of which he had spent in the service, 1711. Queen ANNE'S fleet, sent to reduce and acquired the reputation of a gallant, Canada, arrived. at Boston, New England. benevolent and courtly gentleman. 1724. Great tumult in Glasgow, occa- 1852. CHRISTOPHER EDWARDS GADSDEN, sioned by a tax on malt. Preparations of bishop of the episcopal diocese of South malt liquor were at that time deemed es- Carolina, died at Charleston, aged 68. sential articles of comfort. 1852. The first national agricultural con1736. English act of parliament against vention assembled at Washington, conwitchcraft, passed in the reign of James I, sisting of 151 members, representing 22 repealed. states; Marshall P. Wilder, of' Massachu1741. A daily mail first instituted in setts, president. London. 1853. A courier arrived at St. Peters1750. Pension of ~30 per annum con- burg, bringing the refusal of the sultan of ferred on Hannah Snell, the female soldier, Turkey to the note of the czar, wherewho under the name of James Gray, serv- upon orders were issued for the invasion ed king George more than 5 years. of the Danubian principalities. 1762. Battle of Graebenstein; the allies 1855. Forty-seven Russian ships, of from under prince Ferdinand, defeated the 200 to 700 tons each, were destroyed near French under Soubisse, and d'Estrees, Nystadt, in the gulf of Bothnia, by boats who lost 300 men. from the allied squadron. 1770. CHRISTOPHER DRAKENBERG.died in Norway, aged 146. 1782. JOHN BLAIR, a Scottish chronolo- JUNE 25. gist, died. His principal work is a chronology and history of the world. 1.208. PHILIP, duke of Swabia, assas1796. DAVID RITTENHOUSE, an American sinated. He was elected emperor of Gernatural philosopher, died. From a manu- many, but was obliged to give room to facturer of clocks and mathematical in- Otho, who had the most powerful supportstruments he became, by his own exer- ers. His memory is still respected in tions, one of the most scientific men of Germany. the day. 1520. The assaults of the Mexicans upon 1799. Division of the territory and trea- the Spaniards in the centre of their capisures of Tippo Saib, by the English. tal, which had continued without inter1803. MATTHEW THORNTON, a signer of mission since the massacre of the 13th the declaration, died. He was a practicing May, (q.v.) was made with increased fury on physician in New' Hampshire, when the this day. The Spaniards defended themwar of the revolution broke out. selves with 12 pieces of artillery, which 1804. The spire of Hanslope church, made terrible havoc upon their enemy; but Buckinghamshire, England, fell immedia- as the number of them was infinite, they tely after divine service and crushed down covered the sight of their dead with fresh the roof also; no lives were lost. numbers. The Spaniards with Cortez at 1810. Battle of Beaverdams; 570Ameri- their head made a sally into one of the cans surprised and taken by the British. principal streets, carrying fire and sword 1812. The grand imperial army of Na- among the dense mass, destroying men poleon, consisting of 470,000 men, con- and houses before them. solidated into three masses, began the Rus- 1526. An imperial diet assembled at sian campaign bythe passage oftheNiemen. Spires, and observed the rites of the re1817. THOMAS M'KEAN died; a signer of formed church. It was at this sitting that the declaration, and governor of Penn- Charles V proposed the meeting of a genesylvania. ral council for reforming the abuses of the 1821. Battle of Carabobo, in Colombia; church. the royalist army totally defeated by the 1634. JOHN MARSTON died; an English republicans, with the loss of their artillery, dramatic author. He was a chaste and pure baggage, and 6,000 prisoners.. writer, avoiding the ribaldry and obscenity 1839. Battle of Nezib, in Syria, between of the age. the Turks, 70,000, under the seraskiei, 1644. THOMAS WESTFIELDdied; a learned Hafiz pasha, and the Egyptians, 80,000, English divine, whose eloquence and paunder Ibrahim. The Turks were defeated, thos procured him the appellation of the with the loss of 6,000 killed and many weeping prophet. prisoners. 1663. JOHN BRAMHALL, lord primate of 1840. The 400th anniversary of the dis- Ireland, died. He was highly serviceable covery of the art of printing celebrated at to the royal cause during the English civil Boston and various places in Europe. wars. 248 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 25. 1667. JOHN HARMAN with 16 ships de- turalist, died. He was a printer by profeated a French fleet of 30, near Martinico. fession, wrote for the Encyclopedia Brittan1672. The king of France at the head of nica, translated Buffon, and conducted the 120,000 choice troops, commanded by the Edinburgh Review and Magazine. ablest generals in the world, entered Ut- 1807. An armistice between the emrecht in triumph, and advanced-within 9 perors of France and Russia, when they miles of Amsterdam. At this crisis the held a personal conference upon a raft inhabitants of Amsterdam opened the moored in the river Niemen, near Tilsit. sluices and laid the country under water. The sovereigns embraced each other, and Fertile fields, numerous villas and flourish- retiring under a canopy, had a long coning villages were overwhelmed by the in- versation, to which no one was a witness. undation. They even formed the design 1813. British under admiral Cockburn, of migrating to their settlements in the with 2,000 troops, took Hampton, Va., East Indies, and erecting a new empire in and pillaged it for two ddys. the southern extremity of Asia. It was 1815. BONAPARTE'S farewell address to found that there were vessels in the har- his soldiery. bor sufficient to transport 150 families, but 1816. HUGH HENRY BRACKENRIDGE, a a favorable turn in their affairs, prevented Pennsylvania judge, died; known as the the necessity of having recourse to that author of Modern Chivalry, a poem, and by desperate expedient. other works. 1689. WILLIAM THOMAS, an English 1823. ALEXANDER GRIFFITHS, at once a bishop, died; author of an apology for the parricide and suicide, was buried in the Church of England, and other works. cross roads near London; the last so in1695. Namur in Belgium taken from the terred, as the act giving suicides Christian "French after a long and bloody siege. burial then took effect. 1725. JONATHAN WILD, the noted thief 1841. ALEXANDER MACOMB, commander catcher, hanged at Tyburn. The evening in chief of the army of the United States, previous he tried to poison himself, but died at Washington. He entered the serlived to be stoned and hooted by the vice of the United States in 1799 as cornet populace on his way to the gallows. of dragoons; was raised to the rank of 1744. ROGER GALE, an English antiquary, brigadier general in 1814, and commanded died; esteemed one of the most learned at the successful battle of Plattsburgh. and polite scholars of the age. 1842. M. SISMONDI, the historian, died 1767. GODFREY SELLIUS, a Prussian his- near Geneva, aged 69. torian, died. 1844. JARvIS CUTLER, the first white 1781. The wives, children and depend- man that cut down a tree for a settlement ents of those inhabitants of Charleston, in Ohio, died at Evansville, Indiana. who resided in the rebel colonies, ordered 1852. DUDLEY MARVIN, an eminent lawby the British to quit the place by the 1st yer of western New York, died, aged 65, of August. More than 1,000 persons were at Ripley, Chautauque county. He was a thus exiled. native of Lyme, Ct., studied at Canandai1782. Action between the French and gua, and was several times returned to Spanish fleet, 25 sail, and the Newfound- congress. land and Quebec fleets; 18 of the latter, laden chiefly with provisions, were cap- JUNE 26. tured. 1784. Judge WHITE, with his family, 285 B. c. DIONYSIUS of Alexandria began having ascended the Mohawk river, land- his astronomical era. He was the first to ed at the mouth of the Sauquoit. Hence find the exact limits of the solar year, the origin of Whitestown. The country which he made to consist of 365 days, 5 then was an unbroken wilderness. hours, 49 minutes. 1788. Virginia, the tenth state, adopted 44 B. C. The memorable conference bethe federal constitution, 89 to 79, the least tween Brutus and Cassius, and Cicero at majority of any state except New York. Antium. 1794. CHARLES BARBAROUX, a noted 363. JULIAN, emperor of Rome, died, French revolutionist, guillotined. He at- aged 32. He was elected by his soldiery, tacked the usurpations of Robespierre and on the death of Constantius, and soon dethe machinations of the Jacobins, by which clared himself a pagan. He was learned he fell. and in his private character respectable. 1794. Charleroi surrendered to the 1276. INNOCENT V (Peter de Tarantaise), French under Jourdan, seven days after pope of Rome, died. the trenches had been opened. General 1541. FRANCISCO PIZARRO, the Spanish Reinach and 3,000 Austrians who defend- adventurer, assassinated in his own palace, ed the fortress, were made prisoners of war. at noonday, by the friends of Almagro, at 1795. WILLIAM SMELLIE, a Scottish na- the age of 63. June 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 249 1569. VIcToRIus STRIGELIUS died; a 1793. GILBERT WHITE, an English nalearned professor at Leipsic, and one of turalist and antiquary, died. Luther's first disciples. 1794. Battle of Fleurus, in Belgium; 1574. GABRIELDE MONTGOMERY, a zealous the allies defeated by the French under protestant nobleman, beheaded at Paris by Jourdan, after a contest of 15 hours. On order of Catharine, who sacrificed him to this occasion, Coutel, an aeronaut, with 2 her unjust revenge. (See June 29, 1559.) officers, reconnoitered the contending ar1657. OLIVER CROMWELL solemnly inau- mies in an air balloon. gurated lord protector. 1795. PETER DEMOURS died; a French 1685. RUMBOLD, the maltster who con- surgeon and oculist, known for his dextrived the Rye house plot taken and exe- terity, and author of some professional cuted at Edinburgh. works. 1688. RALPH CUDWORTH, a celebrated 1799. The first newspaper at Brooklyn, English divine, died. He was a man of New York, issued. extensive erudition, well skilled in the 1799. Naples surrendered to lord Nelson; languages, an able philosopher, an acute on which occasion Ferdinand created him mathematician and a profound metaphysi- duke of Bronte. Bronte was the forge of cian. Cyclops, on which he forged the thunder 1691. JOHN FLAVEL died; an English of Jove. He also presented him with an divine, author of Navigation and Husband- estate worth $18,000 per annum, and a ry Spiritualized, &c. sword valued at 60,000 ducats. 1696. Portsmouth plain, N. H., attacked 1807. British order in council, blockadby the Indians; five houses were assaulted ing the Ems and rivers on the Baltic. at once, early in the morning, and 14 per- 1807. Conference on the river Niemen sons killed on the spot. One was scalped between Bonaparte, Alexander of Russia and left for dead, but afterwards recovered. and Frederick William of Prussia. 1708. The act vacating extravagantgrants 1810. JOSEPH MONTGOLFIER, the celebratof land in New York confirmed. ed inventor of balloons, died. 1719. ALEXIS PETROVITZ, only son of 1814. Attack of the American flotilla Peter the great of Russia, died in prison. and marines under commodore Barney, His intemperance alienated him from his upon two British frigates moored at St. father, and he died in prison under sen- Leonard's creek, which were compelled to tence of death. retire. 1748. Indian battle of Marlborough, Vt. 1830. GEORGE IV, of England, died. Captain Hobbs with 40 men from No. 4, 1831. Cholera made its appearance at (Charlestown) on his march through the St. Petersburg. The number of cases in woods was attacked by a large body of In- the first 18 days, 4,916; deaths, 2,219. dians. Without the least knowledge of 1834. GILBERT BLANE, a distinguished their force, Hobbs instantly gave them a Scottish physician, died, aged 85. His well directed fire, which checked their im- career was marked by a zeal for the mitipetuosity. A sharp action ensued of four gation of the evils of war and a sea life, and hours, without either side yielding an inch a diligent cultivation and exertion of solid of their original ground. Sacket, who led talents. the Indians, finally ordered a retreat, car- 1835. ENOCH CROSBY, the Harvey Birch of rying off the dead and wounded. Three Cooper's Spy, died.. His services were of of the English were killed, and as many great benefit to the commander in chief wounded. This defence was considered during a part of the revolutionary war. at the time a masterpiece of bravery; the 1848. JOHN J. DE GRAFF died at ScheIndians being estimated four to one of the nectady; formerly a representative in conEnglish. gress. 1749. A conspiracy discovered at Malta 1848. EDWARD B. PHILLIPS died at against the knights; 125 slaves suffered Brattleborough, leaving an immense fordeath. tune, which he did not know how to en1752. GIULIo ALBERONI, a Spanish states- joy. He bequeathed Harvard university man, died, aged 89. He was the son of a $100,000. gardener, and became a great and ambi- 1849. Panama rail road stock ($1,000,000) tious man. subscribed, without effort, in New York 1782. Slavery entirely abolished in Aus- city. trian Poland. 1849. The great crevasse in the levee of 1784. CmATSAR RODNEY, president of Dela- the Mississippi river was stopped. ware, died, aged about 54. He voted for 1852. RALPH WORMLY, a British admiral, the declaration of independence, and was died at Utica, New York. He was retired enabled to afford efficient aid to Washington from actual service, and had resided for in the prosecution of the war. His death some time in Boston. is usually placed in 1783. 1853. The czar of Russia issued a mani32 250 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 26. festo respecting the Turkish question to tacked the island of Jamaica, and laid it his own subjects, pretending to act as the waste. champion of Christianity. 1699. SEBASTIAN JOSEPH DE PONTCHAS1855. JOHN J. GUION, a Mississippi jurist, TEAU, a French author, died; remarkable died, aged 54. He held various important for the singularity of his acts of devotion offices of state with ability. and charity. 1709. Battle of Pultowa in Russia, between the Russians under Peter the Great JUNE 27. and the Swedes under Charles XII, in which the latter were totally defeated, 432 B. c. The estival solstice of Meton, after a desperate conflict of two hours. the Athenian, corresponds with this day, 1720. The Mississippi bubble burst in in the 87th Olympiad. From the time of France; amount about $450,000,000. Solon the Attic months were lunar, com- 1724. A party of 13 Indians, called posed alternately of 30 and 29 days. French Mohawks, attacked the house of 1137. The city of Bath in England de- John Hanson, a quaker, in Dover, N. H., stroyed by fire. killed and scalped two small children, and 1299. Pope BONIFACE VIII issued an carried off his wife, three children and the authoritative rescript, directed to Edward nurse. The quakers could not be perI, claiming the feudal sovereignty over suaded to use any means for their defence Scotland. Edward received it in his though equally exposed with their neighcamp, and in reply formally deduced his bors to an enemy who made no distinction claim to the superiority, from Brute the between them. Trojan. His holiness rejoined that the 1725. CHRISTIAN HENRY HEINECKEN, an Scots cared not for Brute the Trojan, as extraordinary German boy, died. He they were derived from Scota, the daugh- spoke his maternal tongue fluently at ten ter of Pharaoh, who landed in Ireland, months; at one year old he knew the and whose descendants became kings of principal events of the Pentateuch; in Albany by conquest. two months more he was master of the 1506. FERDINAND of Arragon resigned entire histories of the Old and New Testathe government of Castile, and Philip and ment; at two years and a half he anJoanna were enthroned. swered the principal questions in geogra1534. The University of Oxford unani- phy, and in ancient and modern history. mously determined that the. jurisdiction of He spoke Latin and French, German and the pope of Rome did not exceed the Low Dutch, with great facility, before the ministry of any other English bishop. commencement of his fourth year, 1725, 1627. VILLIERS, duke of Buckingham, in which he died. His constitution was sailed from England on his expedition so delicate that he was not weaned till a against the French coast, from which he few months before his death. returned in disgrace, with the loss of the 1742. NATHAN BAILEY, the English lexflower of his army. icographer, died. Besides his well known 1627. JOHN HAYWARD, an English his- dictionary, he was the editor of school torian, died. He wrote also biographies editions and translations of several of the of some of the kings, and several religious ancient classic poets and historians. works. 1774. NICHOLAS TINDAL, an Englishhis1630. FREDERICK MOREL, a learned torian, died; known as the translator of French printer, died. Some of his pre- Rapin's history. decessors had been directors of the king's 1777. WILLIAM DODD, an English divine, printing house, and his descendants were hanged for forgery. also distinguished for their learning, and 1780. I. H. WASER, a Swiss ecclesiastic, as elegant printers. executed at Zurich, for some strictures in 1651. " Milton's book" burnt at Tou- a newspaper on the administration of juslouse by an arret of the parliament. The tice in that city. famous Defence of the People of England, 1785. SAMUEL MATHER, a learned New was twelve days later burnt by the comrn- England divine, died, aged 79. He wrote mon executioner, at Paris, under a judicial the life of his father, Cotton Mather. sentence. 1788. Virginia adopted the constitution 1689. Dover, N. H., attacked by the of the United States, recommending Indians. The houses were garrisoned, but amendments; tenth state which ratified some squaws got permission to sleep by that document. the fire in two of them, who gave the In- 1789. Union of all the orders in the nadians admission in the night. Several tional assembly of France. houses were burnt, 23 persons killed, and 1794. SIMON NICHOLAS HENRY LINGUET, 29 captivated. a Frenchwriter, guillotined. The freedom 1694. The French under Du Casse, at- of his writings drove him from one coun June 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 251 try to another to escape prosecution, till lina geologist, was killed by a fall into the he finally came under the revolutionary Caney river, while engaged alone in scienaxe at Paris. The number of his works tific explorations. is thirty-five. 1794. The populace of Warsaw put eight of their principal noblemen to death JUNE 28. as traitors to their country. 1800. WILLIAM CUMBERLAND CRUIK- 1059. ABDULLAH, founder of the dynasSHANK, an eminent Scottish anatomist, ty of the Almoravides, which ruled Africa died in London, where he distinguished and Spain during a century, died of a himself as a surgeon and medical writer. wound received in battle. 1801. Cairo surrendered by the French 1598. ABRAHAM ORTELIUS, a Dutch geoto the Anglo-Turkish army; conditioned grapher, died. He traveled over a considto be sent to France. The army consisted erable portion of Europe,and for his knowof 13,754 men, of whom 600 were Greeks ledge was styled the Ptolemy of his age. and Copts, and 100 Mamelukes. 1632. The original charter of Maryland 1806. The British took possession of granted to Cecil, lord Baltimore. The Montevideo only to be made prisoners of draft being in Latin,the country was called war. Terra Marice, in honor of the queen. 1817. Fort Bizoton, Port-au-Prince, 1650. JOHN DE ROTRON, a distinguished blown up by its commandant, in revenge French poet, dramatic writer and magisof some supposed injuries received from trate, died. He lost his life by adminishis superiors. He was the only one killed. tering to the necessities of the poor at a 1819. The commune of Grignoncourt, time of plague. in the arrondissement of Neufchateau in 1675. An attack on the head quarters France was desolated by a hail storm. M. of king Philip, the celebrated sachem, by Jacoutot, the mayor, collected and melted a body of the Plymouth colonists, who several weighing upwards of a pound each succeeded in routing the savages. and having a transparent stone in the 1681. First general yearly meeting of centre, flat, round and polished, and per- the quakers in America, held at Burlingforated in the centre. Wherever the hail ton, New Jersey. had fallen, there were found, when it had 1700. THOMAS CREECH, an eminent Engmelted, many similar stones, hitherto un- lish translator, died by his own hand. known in Grignoncourt. 1734. General OGLETHORPE arrived in 1820. JOSEPH VON HAGER, an eminent London from the colony of Georgia, with Chinese scholar, died. He was born in several Indian chiefs, among whom was Italy, studied in Germany, and resided Tomo Chichi. some time in London. He published se- 1748. JOSEPH DE MALLA, a French misveral works on Chinese literature, and de- sionary, died at Pekin. His great knowtected the historical fraud- of Vella, a ledge of Chinese led to his employment Sicilian monk. at Pekin, where he became a great favor1826. PETER EDWARD LEMONTEY, a ite with the emperor, at whose request he French dramatist, died. He was also an constructed a map of China and Chinese able statesman, and censor of the theatre. Tartary, and had it engraved in France. 1828. ABIEL ABBOT, an American clergy- 1776. British under Clinton and admiman, died; author of Letters written in ral Parker made an unsuccessful attempt the Interior of Cuba, and various pamphlets. upon Sullivan's island. The American 1829. Erzroum, in Turkey, captured by force was 344 regulars and a few volunthe Russians. Among the prisoners were teers. The British made the attack in 10 the seraskier and 4 pashas, 150 cannon. ships, one of which was abandoned and 1832. Cholera appeared in New York. burnt. After the action was over 7,000 1840. LUCIEN BONAPARTE, younger bro- balls were picked up. ther of Napoleon, died at Viterbo, in Italy, 1778. Battle of Monmouth, between the aged 66, of a cancer in the breast, the British under Cornwallis, and the Amerisame disease of which Napoleon died. cans under Washington. Owing to some 1843. JoHN MURRAY, a distinguished mistakes on both sides, the action was London publisher, died. He not only delayed and the day far spent without maintained an eminent position in his much fighting. The Americans were preprofession for a long series of years, but pared to renew the engagement in the was much esteemed in private life. morning, but the British had retreated 1849. The steamer Europa came in col- during the night in great silence. British lision with the American bark Charles loss 246 killed, 59 died of fatigue; AmeriBartlett, on the ocean; the latter was sunk can loss 142 killed, 160 wounded. The with the loss of 134 persons. day was excessively hot, and many died 1857. ---- MITCHELL, a North Caro- of fatigue on both sides. 252 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 28. 1785. Treaty of fort Herkimer, between of a monodramatic -entertainment called the Oneidas, Tuscaroras and the state of Matthews at Home, which was extremely New York. popular in England and America. 1794. Battle of Fleurus and capture of 1836. JAMES MADISON, 4th president of chateau de Namur, by the French. The the United States, died, aged 86. He was allies lost more than 7000 men killed, and distinguished for his great talents and 1500 prisoners. The conquest of the acquirements, for the important offices Netherlands was greatly influenced by the which he filled, and for his virtues in result of this battle. private life. 1794. The Poles under Kosciusko, armed 1838. Coronation of Victoria celebrated with scythes rose upon the Russians at in London with great splendor and parade. Cracow and defeated the regular troops. 1839. Indian battle in Arkansas between 1796. Battle of Renchen; Moreau vic- the Ross and Ridge parties of Cherokees; torious over the Austrians. about 50 were killed on both sides, and 1797. GEORGE KEATS died; author of among them John Ross, head of the Ross.Ancient and Modern Rome, a poem, and an party; John Ridge the leader of the other account of the Pelew islands. party, having been previously killed. (See 1802. THOMAS GARNET died; an English June 10.) physician and chemist, and an author on 1847. ALEXANDER HILL EVERETT died chemistry, &c. at Canton, China. He was some time 1802. M. GARNERIN ascended in a bal- editor and principal proprietor of the loon from Chelsea, England, and made an North American Review, and at his death aerial voyage of more than 50 miles at the commissioner of the United States to rate of 70 miles an hour. This was the China. most memorable ascent in England from 1848. The revolution in Wallachia endthe time of Leonardi. ed in the flight of the prince and the 1808. Valencia, in Spain, assaulted by establishment of a provincial government. the French under Moncey; they were 1854. A military insurrection broke out repulsed with the loss of 1000 men. in Spain. 1809. First steam boat on lake Cham- 1855. Battle of Rivas, in Central Amerplain, arrived at St. Johns, Canada, from ica. Col. Walker arrived in brig Vista Burlington, Vt. She was 120 feet long, and landed his forces and those of Gen. 10 wide, and drew 3l feet water. Castillon; but was forced to retire. 1811. Battle of Tarragona, in Spain; the 1855. FITZROY JAMES HENRY SOMERSET, city carried by the French under Suchet, baron Raglan, commander of the British with horrible slaughter; 10,000 prisoners forces in the Crimea, died of cholera at taken, 384 cannon, 40,000 balls, and 500,- Sebastopol, aged 66. He served with 000 quintals powder, &c. Wellington on the Peninsula, and lost his 1814. United States sloop of war Wasp, right arm at the battle of Waterloo. Dur20 guns, Capt. Blakeley, captured in 19 ing the arduous duties of the campaign in minutes British sloop ot war Reindeer, 19 Turkey, he won the confidence of the guns, 118 men. British loss Capt. Man- army by his calmness, quick perception ners and 24 killed, 42 wounded; Ameri- and fortitude, and performed great and can loss 9 killed, 17 wounded. brilliant services. He was succeeded by 1815. Commodore DECATUR arrived off Maj. Gen. James Simpson. Algiers with the American squadron. 1815. Russians under Blucher defeated the French at Villers Coterets, took 1500 JUNE 29. prisoners and six cannon. 1815. Allies under Colloredo engaged 65. PETER. the apostle, crucified at the French near Befort; allies lost 300. Rome, in the reign of Nero. On the even1815. French 8000 strong driven through ing of this day, St. Peter's church at Rome Chevannes at the point of the bayonet. is splendidly illuminated. 1815. General CRENEVILLE attacked Ca- 455. The sack of Rome under Genseric, rouge, crossed the Arve near Geneva,which the Vandal, terminated. It had continued was also taken. 14 days. The spoils of Jerusalem were 1815. Troops of Gen. Bubna passed removed to Carthage. mount Cenis, one of the loftiest peaks of 794. OFFA, a powerful English king, the Alps, in Savoy. died. He corresponded on flattering terms 1815. The head of the bridge of Arly in with Charlemagne, and fixed a seal to his Savoy carried by assault by the allied Sar- charters. dinians, Piedmontese and Austrians, with 1033. A great eclipse of the sun was obthe loss of 1000 men. served. In France it caused almost mid1835. CHARLES MATTHEWS, an eminent night darkness at noon. English comedian, died, aged 79; author 1215. King JOHN signed magna charta, June 29.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 253 or the great charter of liberties, which is nent Bohemian painter and author, died at esteemed the basis and palladium of Brit- Rome. ish freedom, on this day, at Runemede, 1793. FRANCIS CHARLES VIVOT DE SOMa meadow on the banks of the Thames, BREUIL, a French general, guillotined at between Staines and Windsor, now occu- Paris, together with his eldest son, for pied as a race course. Of 26 barons who their attachment to the king. subscribed this document, only 3 could 1794. MOREAU entered Bruges-British write their own names. (This event is quitted Ostend-French defeated at Guaattributed to various days.) daloupe. 1450. WIILLIAM ASCOUGH, bishop of Sa- 1810. British ships Amphion, Cerberus rum, murdered at the altar by Jack Cade and Active, burnt 26 vessels in the harbor and his followers. of Grao, Spain, and brought off 26 with 1502. COLUMBUS arrived at Hispaniola their cargos. on his fourth voyage. 1811. French took fort Olivo by strata1509. MARGARET OF LANCASTER, mother gem, and captured 900 Spaniards without of Henry VII, died. She was a munificent firing a gun. patron of learning, and the founder of St. 1813. British sloop of war Persian, John's and Christ's colleges at Cambridge. wrecked on the Silver keys, in chasing She sustained an excellent character. the American privateer Saucy Jack. 1519. CHARLES V declared emperor by 1813. VALENTINE GREEN, an English the electoral voices. mezzotinto engraver, died. Besides his 1559. HENRY II of France wounded in great merit as an artist, he is also known as the eye with a spear, at a famous tourna- the author of avaluablework onantiquities. ment, by the English count de Montgome- 1816. Pope PIus VII issued his bull ry, of which he died. (See July 10.) against Bible societies, and prohibited the 1573. GASPARD SANLY DE TAVANNES, a circulation of Bibles published by heretics, distinguished French general, died. He as eminently dangerous to souls. was an honor to the military profession, 1816. DAVID WILLIAMS, an.English Misand by his exertions the king of Navarre cellaneous writer, died. He founded the and the prince of Conde escaped the mas- literary fund. sacre of St. Bartholomews. 1836. EDWARD SMEDLEY, prebendary of 1586. PRIMUS TRUBER, a Lutheran min- Lincoln, died; author of several poems, a ister, who gave the first edition of the history of the reformed religion in France, Vandalie scriptures, died. and editor of the Encyclopedia Metropolitana. 1612. A lottery drawn in London for the 1837. HOFRATH ALOYSIUS HIRT died at benefit of the Virginia plantations, the Berlin, Prussia, aged 78; an eminent archprofits of which amounted to nearly ~30,- weologist, distinguished for his attainments 000. in literature and the fine arts, one of whose 1644. Battle of Cropredy bridge; the chief works was on the architecture of the parliament forces under Waller, defeated ancients. by the royalists. 1840. THOMAS SIMPSON, companion of 1667. The French, Dutch and Danes Mr. Dean in the discovery of the northconcluded a peace with England at Breda. west passage, died by his own hand at 1674. CHARLES II granted to his brother, Turtle river, aged 32. He was a native of the duke of York, the territory of the Scotland, and for four years had been state of Delaware, then a part of New actively engaged in the prosecution of the Netherland. discoveries which will immortalize his 1678. Grenadiers introduced into Eng- name, and for which he is represented to land. have possessed uncommon qualifications. 1716. ERNESTUS AUGUSTUS, duke of 1848. Croton aqueduct bridge over the Brunswick, Lunenburg, and bishop of Harlem completed; 1,400 feet long, restOsnabruck, brother to George I, created ing on 15 arches, 8 of them 80 feet span; duke of York and Albany, in Great Brit- a work of surpassing skill and magnitude. ain, and earl of Ulster in Ireland. 1850. Part of the Table rock at Niagara 1734. Battle of Parma, in Italy; the im- falls gave way. perialists defeated by the French, and 1852. HENRY CLAY, an eminent Ameritheir general and 5,000 men killed. can. statesman, died, aged 75. Having 1754. Lieutenant-governor DELANCEY received a common school education, he opened at Albany a treaty with the In- commenced the study of the law at the dians, who had been tardy in assembling age of 19, and became one of the most at the convention of the provinces. A distinguished orators of his day. He was preconcerted speech was delivered, and an earnest supporter of the colonization sothe presents were distributed in the name ciety, and twice an unsuccessful candidate of all the colonies. for the office of president of the United 1779. ANTHONY RAPHAEL MENGS, an emi- States. 254 EVERY DAY BOOK. [June 30. JUNE 30. French and confederated armies of the English and Dutch, in which the slaughter 1513. HENRY VIII embarked with his on both sides wafvery great. forces at Dover for the invasion of France, 1733. Twenty sail of merchant ships appointing his " most dear consort, queen destroyed by a hurricane at St. ChristoCatharine, rectrix and governor of the phers. realm." 1734. Dantzic, in Prussia, surrendered 1520. MONTEZUMA, the Mexican mon- to the Russians. arch, died. The situation of the Spaniards 1777. British evacuated Amboy, N. J., becoming desperate, Cortez persuaded the and encamped opposite, on Staten island. captive monarch to address his people 1785. JAMES OGLETHORPE, the first govfrom a terrace, and request them to de- ernor of Georgia, died in England, aged sist from their attacks and allow the Span- 97. He took an active part in the settlelards to evacuate the city. The Indians ment of Georgia, and founded the town of were silent while he spoke, but answered Savannah. He displayed great courage that they had promised their gods never and address in protecting the colony from to stop till the Spaniards were totally de- incursions of the Spaniards. stroyed. A shower of stones and arrows 1797. RICHARD PARKER hanged; author then-fell about the spot where he stood, of the noted rebellion in the English fleet which were warded off by the shields of at the Nore. the soldiers. At the moment they re- 1797. The chief officers of the Cisalpine moved their shields, that the king might republic installed by Bonaparte. This like renew his address, three stones and an the French republic, was but of short conarrow struck him to the ground. He died, tinuance. less of his wounds than of sorrow and in- 1802. Treaty of Buffalo creek, when the dignation, at the age of 54. Senecas sold their land west of Genesee 1543. Battle of Atherton moor, in Eng- river to the state. land; lord Fairfax defeated by the royal- 1803. Two British ships captured off St. ists, and totally routed. Domingo the French frigate Creole, 44 1607. C29SAR BARONIUS, an Italian car- guns, having on board 100 blood hounds dinal, died. His works are numerous for the French army against the blacks. and valuable, especially the Ecclesiastical 1815. Action in the strait of Sunda, beAdnnals, 12 vols. folio. tween United States sloop of war Peacock, 1666. ALEXANDER DE BROME, on Eng- and British king's ship Nautilus. The lish poet, died; author of innumerable latter was captured in 15 minutes, but was odes and sonnets written during the Eng- given up next day, as hostilities had ceased lish revolution, in which the round heads twelve days before between the two counare treated with great keenness and tries. severity. 1815. Treaty of peace concluded be1670. HENRIETTA, duchess of Orleans, tween the United States and Algiers, in and sister to king Charles II, died in her which the dey relinquished the payment 26th year. Suspicions were entertained of tribute to the Algerines, released the that she had been poisoned by her hus- prisoners, and made restitution for Ameriband for infidelity. can property captured by his cruisers. 1685. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, duke of 1815. Allied army from the heights of Argyle, beheaded at Edinburgh for sedi- Belleville, commenced their attacks on tious measures. His father was also be- Paris. headed there 24 years before, as a traitor. 1817. The Prussian government pro1690. Battle of Fleurus, in the Nether- hibited the further use of the term protestlands; the allies defeated by the French ant in the country, as being obsolete and under Luxembourg, with the loss of 6,000 unmeaning, since the protestants did not killed, 8,000 prisoners, and all their artil- any longer protest, and ordered the word lery and baggage. evangelical to be substituted for it. 1690. The Dutch and English fleets un- 1817. CHRISTOPHER DANIEL EBELING, a der Torrington, engaged the French fleet German geographer, died. His great work, off Beachey head, and were defeated. the Geography and History of North America, English loss 2 ships, 400 men; Dutch loss was'completed and published at Hamburg 2 admirals, 6 ships; the king, William, 1799, in 5 vols. His collection of books in was wounded by a cannon ball. relation to America, nearly 4,000 in num1694. ADAM LITTLETON, an excellent ber, were purchased by Israel Thorndike English philologist and grammarian, died. of Boston, and presented to Harvard col1697. THOMAS POPE BLOUNT died; an lege. eminent English writer and a man of great 1821. JoSE FERNANDEZ ABASCAL died, learning and research. aged 78; long engaged in the military serv1703. Battle of Eeckeren, between the ice of Spain, and viceroy of Peru during June 30.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 255 the early part of the war of independence prisoners, 2 three-tailed pashas, 250 canin South America. non, &c. 1831. WILLIAM RosCOE, an English bio- 1835. BENJAMIN PRITCHARD, the Kentucky grapher and miscellaneous writer, died. giant, died. His disease was dropsy; his He was of humble parentage, but his lives weight 525 pounds. of Lorenzo the Magnificent, and Leo X, 1840. The sub-treasury, or independent give him an exalted and enduring repu- treasury bill passed the house of representtation. atives in congress, by a vote of 124 to 105. 1832. Silistria, in Bulgaria, surrendered 1855. The yellow fever became epideto the Russians. The trophies were 8,000 mic in New Orleans. JU L Y. places his death on the 27th February, at JULY 1. the carnival. 1614. ISAAC CASAUBON, a celebrated 1452 B. c. AARON, the Jewish high Swiss critic and theologian, died at Lonpriest, died on the first day of the month don. Nearly all the ancient classics are Ab, at the age of 123. indebted to his valuable researches. 1190. The crusaders under Richard 1626. Chaplains first appointed to each Plantagenet and Philip de Valois, amount- ship in the British navy. ing to 100,000 warriors and pilgrims, as- 1627. King CHARLES I of England dissembled in the plains of Vezelai. missed his queen's French servants, which 1270. Louis IX of France sailed from occasioned a war with France. Aigues Mortes, on his fatal crusade against 1643. The great assembly of divines met the infidels of Tunis. at Westminster in the Jerusalem chamber; 1413. PIERRE DES ESSARS, a French 118 preachers and 26 laymen. nobleman, executed. He served in the 1676. New Jersey divided into East and Scottish army against England, 1402, and West Jersey; the former granted to George was taken prisoner. On his return to Carteret, the latter to William Penn and France he became a statesman, but was others. suspected of some political heresies, which 1681. OLIVER PLUNKET, primate of Ireforfeited his life. land, executed at Tyburn. It was after1450. JACK CADE took possession of wards discovered that he was guiltless of Southwark, and two days after entered the crimes imputed to him, and that he London, cutting the ropes of the draw fell a sacrifice to the intrigues of some of bridge with his sword. his priesthood. 1520. CORTEZ secretly evacuated the city 1690. Battle of the Boyne, in Ireland, of Mexico with the remains of his army. which decided the fate of James II and The Spaniards commenced their retreat a the Stdart dynasty, and established Willittle before midnight, which was soon liam III on the British throne. The duke discovered by the Mexicans, who assailed of Schomberg, one of the ablest generals them on all sides, so that it was with the of the time, was killed, at the age of 82. utmost hazard of entire destruction that Also the Irish rector, George Walker, they effected their escape, with the loss of famous for his heroism. The forces of 600 Spaniards and 4,000 allies. All their James were but 27,000, opposed to 36,000 artillery, all the riches they had amassed, strong. the manuscripts of Cortez, were lost; to- 1709. EDWARD LHUYD died; a celebrated gether with 40 horses, most of their pri- antiquary and linguist, and keeper of the soners, and the men and women in the Ashmolean museum. service of the Spaniards, were killed. It 1731. JOHN MONTGOMERY, governor of was one of the most horrible and dis- New York, died. He possessed a kind and astrous scenes on record, and acquired the human disposition, and his death was name among the Spaniards of the noche much lamented. triste. 1743. Action between the British ship 1555. JOHN BRADFORD, an English mar- Centurion, 60 guns, 400 men, Com. Anson, tyr in the reign of queen Mary, and an and Spanish ship Acapulco, 64 guns, 550 eloquent preacher, burnt at Smithfield for men. The latter was captured, with above heresy. a million and a half of dollars on board. 1582. JAMES CRICHTON (the admirable) as- Spanish loss 67 killed, 84 wounded; Britsassinated at Mantua. He was a native of ish loss 2 killed, 17 wounded. (See June Scotland, and altogether a most extra- 15, 1744.) ordinary character, about whom authors 1762. JOHN BAPTIST NOLIN, a French differ also most extraordinarily, some even geographer, died at Paris. treating his existence as fabulous. Urquhart 1766. JOHN FRANCIS LEFEVRE DE LA July 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 257 BARRE, a young French nobleman, execut- British gallery, died. He was eminent as ed. A wooden crucifix had been defaced a philanthropist. on a public bridge, at which the bishop of 1820. Toll first demanded and received Amiens was greatly enraged, and demand- on the Erie canal. ed a disclosure of the perpetrators. La- 1832. Rite of suttee abolished in Hinbarre was arraigned on the false accusation dostan by the British authorities. of his enemy, Duval de Saucourt, and the 1835. JAMES GIBBON, the hero of Stony indictment also charged him with having point, died at Richmond, where for several passed a procession of monks without years he had been collector of customs. taking off his hat. He was sentenced to 1839. MAHMOUD II, sultan of Turkey, have his tongue cut out, his right hand cut died in the 54th year of his age and 31st off, and to be burnt alive. This sentence of his reign. the parliament of Paris commuted, by a 1839.'About 150 Chippewa Indians small majority, into decapitation before treacherously massacred at the falls of St. burning. Labarre was scarcely nineteen Anthony, and 20 on the St. Croix, by the years old, and was one of the latest victims Sioux, who had invited the Chippewas to of that religious fanaticism in France which meet for the purpose of forming a treaty led to the revolution. Voltaire exerted of peace. About 50 of the Sioux were himself as warmly against this infamous killed. act, as he had against the execution of 1850. SERGEAT S. PRENTISS, a distinCalas. guished American lawyer, died, aged 40. 1780. Action off cape Finisterre between 1853. ARTHUR LIVERMORE, a New HampBritish ship Romney, 50guns, and French shire jurist, died at Campton, N. H., frigate Artois, 40 guns, 460 men. The Ar- aged 87. tois was captured in 45 minutes, 20 killed, 1854. WALDO J. BURNETT died at Boston, 40 wounded; British 2 wounded. aged 25; a distinguished physician and 1780. JOHN BELL, a celebrated Scottish naturalist, and author of several tracts on traveler, died, aged 91. He commenced medical subjects. his travels about the year 1714, in the em- 1855. There was a second Sunday deploy of Peter the Great of Russia, with monstration in Hyde park, London, by a whom he was on terms of great intimacy; large and excited mob, against sir Robert and extended his travels into many dif- Grosvenor's Sunday bill. ferent countries; was afterwards for several 1856. A heavy gale on the coast of Labyears a merchant at Constantinople, and rador, when of a fleet of 30 vessels, 29 finally in 1747 returned to his native were driven on shore and lost. country to spend the remainder of his life in ease and affluence on his estates of Antermony. JULY 2. 1781. Battle of Porto Novo, in Hindostan; 7,000 British under sir Eyre Coote 928. JOHN X, pope of Rome, suffocated defeated Hyder Ally and 150,000 men. in prison. Better fitted for heading an arEnglish loss about 400 killed and wound- my than governing the church, he was ed; Hyder lost many of his best officers victorious over the Turks in battle. and 4,000 killed. 936. HENRY I (the fowler), of Germany, 1782. The marquis of ROCKINGHAM, first died. He was successful in his wars, lord of the English treasury, died. His strengthened his empire, and promoted merit was his patriotism, and his patroniz- harmony and union among the German ing such men as Burke, and bringing them princes. into influence. 1296. JOHN BALIOL subscribed his ab1798. Alexandria, in Egypt, taken by dication at Kincardin. For three years he the French under Bonaparte, who issued a had the tower of London and a circuit proclamation, stating that he venerated round the walls for twenty miles for his God, the prophet, and the koran, and possession; and in 1299 was permitted to more than the Mamelukes did. retire into Normandy, where he died for1800. JEAN CLAUDE D'ARcoN, a French gotten six years afterwards. general and engineer, died. He invented 1491. Madeira, an island in the Atlantic, the floating batteries, which were intended covered with wood (whence its name), disto reduce Gibraltar. covered by John Gonzales Zarco, in the 1810. Louis BONAPARTE abdicated the service of Portugal. It was the next year throne of Holland, and retired to Austria colonized, and planted with the Cyprian as a private individual. vine and sugar cane of Sicily. 1814. Peresque Isle surprised by the. 1492. ADOLPRUS, emperor of Germany, United States troops under lieutenant Gre- killed. He was a poor count, elected partgory. ly through intrigue, and his reign was a 1818. THOMAs BERNARD, founder of the series of intrigues to maintain himself in 33 258 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 2. power. The throne was finally given to 1800. Bill for the union of Great Britain Albert of Austria, and when the two em- and Ireland signed by order of the king, perors met in battle, they fought hand to George III. hand, and Adolphus was killed by the 1802. Colonel BARRE, SO noted in the lance of his rival. His abilities were ina- British parliament as an opponent to the dequate to his station. American war, died. He had been blind 1566. MICHAEL NOSTRODAMUS died; an for many years. able French physician and celebrated as- 1805. PATRICK RUSSELL, a British physitrologer. cian, died at London; author of a valuable 1609. HUDSON on his first voyage, after treatise on the plague, and several estimavarious vicissitudes, through storm and ble works on natural history. ice, loss of foremast and sails, arrived off 1807. JEFFERSON issued his proclamathe banks of Newfoundland, and refreshed tion forbidding all intercourse with British his men by a heavy catch of cod. ships of war, and ordering all those within 1644. Battle of Marston Moor; the par- the American waters to withdraw thereliainent army under Cromwell and Fair- from. (See June 22.) fax, defeated the royalists under prince 1812. American embargo expired by its Rupert, who lost the whole of his artillery own limitation. On the same day the and left the northern counties in the hands frigate Essex, captain Porter, sailed from of the confederates. New York on a cruise against the British, 1692. ADRIAN DE VALoIs (or Valesius) on which occasion he hoisted a white flag, died; a learned French historian and bearing the motto, "Free trade and sailcritic. or's rights." 1704. Battle of Donauworth, in Bavaria; 1812. PETER GANSEVOORT, a distinthe French and Bavarians defeated by the guished American officer, died at Albany, duke of Marlborough. Loss about 6,000 aged 63. on each side. 1816. BENJAMIN THOMPSON died; former1730. LAURENCE CORSINI was elected ly a timber merchant, translator of the pope by the conclave, after it had sat four German Theatre, and author of several months. He took the name of Cle- other productions. His death was caused ment XII. by extreme sensitiveness at the manner in 1740. THOMAS BAKER, a learned and in- which his play of Oberon's Oath was regenious English antiquary, died. He wrote ceived. It was hissed on the first reprewith great purity of style. sentation, at which he was extremely de1741. THOMAS MORECROFT died; the jected; at its second representation it was person who figures in the Spectator as Will received with universal applause, which Wimble. elated him so much that he died of the ex1775. WASHINGTON arrived at Cambridge, citement: and took command of the American army, 1830. Battle near Milliduse between the then consisting of 14,500 men. Turks and Russians. The Turks were de1776. The memorable resolution, declar- feated with considerable loss, and their ing the North Anierican colonies indepen- general, Hadki pasha, taken prisoner. dent, passed by congress, without one 1840. The poit of Canton, in China, dissenting colony. It was proclaimed on blockaded by the British under commodore the 4th, and hence that day is celebrated, Bremer. instead of this, which is, perhaps, better 1849. The city of Rome surrendered to entitled to the honor. the French. 1778. A fanatic calling herself queen 1851. CAROLINE AMELIA HALSTED, an Beck, assaulted king George III as he was English authoress, died. Of three or four alighting from his carriage. works which she published the principal 1778. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU died at one is a Life of Richard III, in 2 volumes, Paris. He was the son of a watchmaker octavo. at Geneva, and strayed to Paris while 1851. WILLIAM BERRY, an English auyoung, where he became one of the most thor, died at Bristol, aged 77; author of celebrated authors of the day. His works various works on genealogy and heraldry. are collected in 33 vols. 1853. The Russian troops under prince 1782. DIONYSIUS DIDEROT, a noted French Gortschakoff crossed the Pruth and invadphilosopher, died. He was the son of a ed Turkey. cutler, educated by the Jesuits. Rejecting 1853. A controversy having arisen bethe ecclesiastical profession for literature, tween the consuls of Austria and America he became an author, and conceived the at Smyrna about Martin Koszta, an Ausstupendous design of the Dictionnaire Ency- trian refugee, captain Ingraham of the Ameclopc'dique, on which he labored 20 years. rican sloocp of war St. Louis, hearing of a He was a Jacobin, and contributed his full design to convey him to Trieste, demanded share to the revolution. the surrender of Koszta before 4 o'clock, July 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 259 and brought his guns to bear on the Aus- animals, when he was cut off.at the early trian brig. An engagement was prevented age of 37. by the compromise that Koszta be delivered 1676. Indian battle near Narraganset; to the French consul at Smyrna for safe the main body of the Indians were surkeeping. prised at a large cedar swamp, and attacked 1855. The legislature of Kansas met at so suddenly that a considerable number Pawnee and organized; Thomas Johnson, were killed or taken on the spot, and president of the council, and John H. those who fled into the thicket were surStringfellow, speaker of the house. rounded. They lost 171 on this occasion. 1855. THOMAS WEAVER, an eminent 1743. GABRIEL ROMANOVITCH DERSHAEnglish geologist, died at Pimlico, aged 82. vIN, a celebrated Russian poet, died. 1855. CHARLES ELKINS, a British admiral 1769. The first theatrical performance of the red, died, aged 87. He published enacted in Albany, by a company from a review of the naval battles from 1744 New York, having gained permission "for to 1814. one month only" from "his excellency the 1856. ROWLAND STEPHENSON, for many governor." The play was Venice Preserved; years a London banker, and also a member the place, the hospital. of parliament, died at Bristol, Pa., aged 1776. Three towns in Turkey, contain83. He had resided in this country about ing 10,000 inhabitants, destroyed by an thirty years. earthquake. 1779. Grenada, in the West Indies, taken by the French under count d'Estaing. 1789. JAMES BERNOUILLI II, a learned JULY 3. German mathematician, died of apoplexy while bathing in the Neva at St. Peters237. ANTONIUS AFRICANUS GORDIAN, burg. killed near Carthage by a general of Max- 1794. Earthquake in Natolia, Asia Minor, iminus, during whose reign he had been destroyed several large and populous elected emperor, much against his will. towns and villages, one of which was 323. Battle of Adrianople and overthrow Amasia, the birth place of Strabo. of Lucinius, when Constantine took pos- 1795. British squadron off St. Maloes session of Byzantium, which he afterwards captured a French brig and six merchantmade the seat of his empire, and named men. it Constantinopolis. 1797. Admiral NELSON, in his barge, 987. Inauguration at Rheims of Hugh captured a Spanish launch, after a severe Capet, son of Hugo, duke of Burgundy, engagement, in the course of which he and founder of the third race in the French narrowly escaped death, by the assistance monarchy-the Capetan. of his coxswain. 1437. The sacred play of The Passion 1807. British Capt. DOUGLAS threatened represented in the park of Vexmeil, at- to capture all vessels from Norfolk, unless tended by the French nobility. the magistrates permitted him to have 1521. CORTEZ attempted to retake the communication with the British consul at city of Mexico by storm, but was repulsed that place; they refused. with the loss of 60 Spaniards, 1000 allies, 1811. American government resolved to 7 horses and 1 cannon. The Mexicans occupy West Florida; the British governmade prisoners of 40 Spaniards, who ment remonstrated against it. were immediately sacrificed in their great 1814. United States troops under Gen. temple to the war god. Brown, effected a landing on the Canadian 1608. CHAMPLAIN, who took the charge frontier, between Chippewa and Fort Erie, of conducting the French colony in Arca- which latter surrendered. die, after examining all the eligible places 1815. Commercial treaty between Engon the St. Lawrence, selected a spot at the land and America signed at London. confluence of that river and the St. 1833. Naval battle between the fleet of Charles, about 320 miles from the sea, Don Pedro, underthe commandof admiral where he erected barracks, cleared the Napier, and that of Don Miguel, in which ground for tillage, and on this day laid the the latter was defeated with the loss of 6 foundation of Quebec. vessels. 1642. MARY DE MEDICIS, of France, 1838. SAMUEL THORNTON, an English died; the promoter of the massacre of St. gentleman, distinguished for his benevoBartholomews. lence and usefulness, died, aged 83. He 1672. FRANCIS WILLOUGHBY, an English was 53 years a director of the bank of naturalist, died. To rank and fortune he England, and 40 years a member of paradded great application, and had traversed liament. the principal countries of Europe in pur- 1849. The French republican army, comsuit of his favorite study, the history of manded by Gen. Oudinot, entered Rome. 260 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 3. 1851. EDWARD QUILLINAN, a British au- at the cockpit. Possibly some lessons of thor, died. He married a daughter of the ferocity might be learned there. poet Wadsworth, and was particularly ac- 1671. MERIC CASAUBON, a Swiss literacomplished in Portuguese literature. teur and critic, died in London. Consid1853. SAMUEL PUTNAM, a Massachusetts erable offers were made him by Cromwell judge and senator, died at Somerville, aged to write the history of the civil war, 85. which he refused. 1853. The American expedition under 17f44. Thirty-two wagons, variously commodore Perry, left Loo Choo for decorated.loaded with the treasure brought Japan. home by Anson, guarded by his seamen, 1854. Princess DE LA MoSKwA, widow of passed St. James's in London to the Tower. marshal Ney, died in Paris. 1749. JOSEPH VANAKEN, a celebrated 1854. THOMAS RITCHIE died, aged 75; Dutch painter, died. celebrated as the editor of the Richmond 1754. The commissioners of the AmeriInquirer and the Washington Union. He can colonies met at Albany for the purpose wielded great political influence in Vir- of holding a conference with the Indians, ginia, his native state. (see June 19,) proposed a plan for the 1855. The Cunard steamer Persia was union of the colonies, which was agreed launched at Glasgow. to this day, exactly 22 years before the declaration of independence. Its fate was singular. It was rejected in America beJULY 4. cause it was supposed to put too much power into the hands of the king; and it 1097. Battle of Doryleum, in Phrygia, was rejected in England, because it was and rout of the Moslems under Soliman. supposed to give too much power to the 1450. Lord SAY and SELE beheaded by assemblies of the colonies. order of Jack Cade, at Cheapside, London. 1757. JOHN JOSEPH VADE, an excellent 1533. JOHN FRYTH, an English preacher, French poet, died. His youth was spent burnt at Smithfield for the heresy of Lu- in dissipation, for which he made some theranism. amends in the brief space allowed him by 1563. Leeds bridge school was founded his impaired constitution. in the time of Henry VIII. 1761. SAMUEL RICHARDSON, an English 1584. AMIDAs and BARLOW, two expe- printer, died; known as the author of a rienced commodores sent out by sir Wal- series of moral romances, among which ter Raleigh for the purpose of discovering Pamela and Sir Charles Grandison are the and taking possession of the American most noted. The former suggested to continent north of Florida, arrived at the Fielding his famous Tom Jones. coast on this day. Sailing along the shore 1776. Declaration of American indepen120 miles, they entered the mouth of a dence adopted by congress. It was 39 river and took formal possession of the times before that body previous to its country for the queen of England, deliv- adoption. Itmaybe added that this event ering it over to the use of sir Walter. (See took place 264 years after the discovery June 10, 1584.) of America by Columbus, 160 from the 1623. WILLIAM BIRD, a celebrated Eng- first effectual settlement of Virginia, and lish musical composer, died, aged 80. His 150 from the settlement of Plymouth. music outlived his history, few particulars 1777. Boonesborough attacked by 200 of his life being known. Indians, who killed and wounded 2 of the 1653. The parliament, commonly called pioneer's men. All the settlements were Barebone's, from a zealot of that name who attacked at the same time. was one of the 120 members, assembled 1778. FRANcESCO MANOEL, the most at Whitehall, and Cromwell delegated to celebrated lyric poet of modern Portuguese them their chairs for fifteen morlths, literature, escaped the inquisition by dis1663. CHARLES II of England, reviewed arming the officer sent to arrest him, and his 4000 guards, then the whole regular fled to Paris. He became obnoxious to force of the kingdom, yet deemed danger- the holy office by some expressions conous to liberty. The king and his brother cerning toleration and monks, in his imputed the misfortune of their father, translation of Moliere's Tartuffe. Charles I, to the want of a regular army. 1780. British admiral GEARY captured 1669. ANTHONY ESCOBA DE MENDOZA, a 12 French merchantmen from Port-auSpanish Jesuit, died. He was for many Prince. years a popular preacher, and bequeathed 1781. Williamsburg, Va., evacuated by to posterity 40 vols. folio of his own writ- the British under Cornwallis. ings. 1789. GoSEN VAN SCHAICK, a brigadier 1670. GEORGE, duke of Albemarle, cap- general in the United States continental tain-general of his majesty's forces, died army, died at Albany. July 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 261 1790. Action between the Swedish and the close of the war was constantly in the Russian fleets, in which the former under service of his country, as a statesman, till the king, Charles XII, were defeated with the close of his life. great loss. 1845. Texas finally annexed to the 1793. Action off the capes of Virginia, United States, by a convention of its citibetween the French privateer, Citizen zens ratifying the action of the United Genet, and two armed English vessels with States senate. a convoy. The convoy was captured and 1845. An Englishman by the name of the two vessels much damaged. The Genet SPEER, accompanied by three chamois had 30 men, not one of whom was wound- hunters, set out from Interlachen to ascend ed by the enemy. the Wetterhorn, or peak of tempests, one 1800. A Mr. RUSBY was found guilty of of the highest of the Oberland Alps, which reselling grain (technically regrading) in had never been trodden by the foot of the market of Mark Lane. The judge, man. They reached the summit on the lord Kenyon, remarking to the jury, " You 8th, after a tedious and dangerous effort. have conferred by your verdict almost the The height of the peak ascended is 12,000 greatest benefit on your country that ever feet and upwards. was conferred by any jury! " 1848. DE CHATEAUBRIAND, a distinguish1803. A remarkable ball of fire fell upon ed French savan, died at Paris, aged 80. a public house at Wapping, England. It 1848. Treaty of peace with Mexico prowas accompanied with thunder. claimed at Washington. 1804. Mail stage commenced running 1848. Ceremony of laying the corner once a week from Pittsburg and Phila- stone of the Washington monument at delphia. Washington, conducted with great pomp. 1806. Battle of Maida, in Italy; the 1849. Two thousand and seventy-four French defeated by the British and Sici- immigrants arrived in the steerage at New lians, with the loss of 800 killed and 1000 York. taken prisoners; British loss45 killed 282 1850. KIRBY, an eminent entomologist, wounded. died at Suffolk, England, aged 91. His 1808. FISHER AMES, an American orator work on the bees of England described and statesman, died, aged 50. He possess- upwards of 200 wild species in that ed a mind of great and extraordinary country. character. 1853. The first Norwegian rail road 1813. United States smack Yankee cap- opened. tured by boarding, without any loss, 1854. A collision on the Susquehanna British sloop Eagle. rail road, near Baltimore, by which 30 1814. A part of the United States forces persons were killed, and a large number under Gen. W. Scott, advanced from fort badly wounded. Erie towards the British works at Chippe- 1854. JAMES MURRAY, mayor of Alexwa. A smart action was had with the andria, La., was killed while attempting British at Street's creek. The division to suppress a disturbance at a barbecue. which crossed under Capt. Turner was 1855. WILLIAM TERRELL, an accomplishattacked by a very superior force; but ed and useful citizen of Georgia, died at they gallantly cut their way through to a Sparta in that state. He took great interhouse, where they made a stand until est in the promotion of agricultural relieved. science, and bestowed $20,000 for the 1816. RICHARD WATSON, bishop of Lan- establishment of an agricultural professordaff, died; known by his.pology for the ship in the University of Georgia. Bible, in answer to Paine's.Age of Reason. 1855. A convention of cotton planters 1817. The construction of the Erie assembled at Cooper's Well, Miss., to hear canal commenced, in the neighborhood of the report of a committee upon the subRome, Oneida county, New York. iect of a direct trade between the southern 1826. THOMAS JEFFERSON, third presi- states and Europe. They adjourned. to dent of the United States, and author of meet at Jackson, in January. the Declaration of Independence, died, just 1855. Svartholm, a fort of great strength, 50 years from the date of that document, commanding the approach to Lovisa, on aged 83. the gulf of Finland, which had been de1826. JOHN ADAMS, second president of serted by its garrison, was destroyed by the United States, died, aged 91. He was the allies. one of those patriots who most warmly 1856. The members of what was termed advocated the declaration of independence the Kansas free state legislature, assembled in congress, and was an able statesman. at Topeka, but were dispersed by the 1831. JAMES MONROE, fifth president of U. S. troops, by direction of Col. Sumner. the United States, died, aged 73. He joined 1856. The statue of Washington, in the revolutionary army in 1778, and after Union square, New York, was inaugurated. 262 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 4. 1857. ANTON SCHMIDT, a German literary 1623. WILLIAM BRIDE, an English music celebrity, died at Salzburg, aged 71. He composer, died. The grace non nobis Domwas custos of the imperial library at Vien- ini, composed by him, was first sung on na, and was a popular author. the second anniversary of the gunpowder 1857. WILLIAM L. MARCY, an American plot, 1607. statesman, died, aged 71. He filled the 1641. SIMON BASKERVILLE, a learned and offices of comptroller and governor of wealthy English physician, died. He obNew York with ability; but distinguished tained great distinction, honors and a large himself as secretary of war under presi- fortune, by his success in the practice of dent Polk, and secretary of state under medicine. president Pierce. 1641. Battle of Lansdowne, between the parliamentary and king's forces; a sanguinary action. 1644. York taken by the armies of the JULY 5. parliament. 1685. Battle of Sedgemoore; the duke of 394 B. c. AGESILAUS crossed the Helles- Monmouth's rebel army defeated. The pont, on his recal from the Persian sat- misguided nobleman was taken -*apping rapy, a march of thirty days, which had in a dry ditch, with the George and 200 occupied Xerxes twelve months.-The guineas in his pocket. great battle fought by the Spartans against 1715. CHARLES ANCILLON, an eminent their countrymen happened about the French lawyer, died. He was made insame day. spector of the French courts of justice in 965. BENEDICT V, pope, died. He was Berlin, and historiographer to the king. elected in opposition to Leo VIII. His 1758. The English and provincials under short reign was stormy, and he was carried Abercrombie embarked on lake George to Hamburg by Otho, who favored the against Ticonderoga and Crown point, on cause of his rival. board 125 whaleboats and 900 batteaux. 1044. ABA, king of Hungary, defeated The army consisted of nearly 16,000 efby his own subjects and killed in battle. fective men, of whom about 9,000 were 1100. Jerusalem taken by the Crusaders, provincials, and was attended by a formidafter a siege of five weeks, and given up able train of artillery. to massacre and pillage. Every inhuman- 1758. General lord HOWE was killed in ity was practiced; those who had surrend- a skirmish before Ticonderoga. With him ered upon terms of safety, were butchered it is said "the soul of the army expired." in cold blood to the number of 10,000; 1767. JOHN KEY, said to have been the and among the inhabitants, also, neither first person born in Philadelphia, died at age nor sex escaped the merciless fury of Kennet, Pa., aged 85. the Christian swords. 1770. A naval action between the Turks 1529. PAULUS ZEMILIUS, a Veronese his- and Russians took place, and while two torian, died at Paris. He had begun a Latin of the leading ships of each party were history of the kings of France, and al- grappled together, they took fire and blew though he spent many years at it, was able up, carrying destruction and death to all only to reach the reign of Charles VIII. around. (May 5?) 1775. Birthday of WILLIAM CROTCH, a 1535. THOMAS MORE, a celebrated Eng- musical prodigy, who excited universal lishstatesman, beheaded. He was doomed, astonishment at London by his preformfor his adherence to the papal supremacy, ances on the organ, at the age of three to descend from the highest office under years. the king to an apartment in the tower, 1779. New Haven, Conn., entered by and suffered death rather than yield his the British under sir George Collier, and opinions. He wrote several works, the subjected to almost indiscriminate ravage most noted of which is the Utopia. and plunder till night. 1566. ROBERT CARNEGIE, a Scottish 1780. Action off cape Ortegal between statesman, died. He was a lord of session, British ships Prudent and Licorne, and and often sent qn important embassies to French ship Capricieuse 32 guns. The France and England. latter was captured, but so much damaged 1582. At Rockhausen, not far from Er- that they were obliged to burn her. furth, in Prussia, there fell a great quantity 1782. Fifth action between the British of a fibrous matter resembling human hair. fleet, admiral Hughes, and the French, adIt was at the close of a great tempest, such miral Suffrein, in the East Indies. as usually precede an earthquake. 1788. MATHER BYLES, a Boston divine, 1614. PETER DE BOURDEILLES (or Bran- died; a man of talent and wit, who cortome), a French abbot and courtier, died. responded with Pope, Lansdowne and His memoirs are printed in 15 vols. Watts. He was suspected of tory princi July 5.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 263 pies during the revolution, and frequently, the governor, attacked the negroes, and on complaint, sentenced to be confined to having captured 300, shot them immedihis own house, with a sentinel over him; ately. on one of these occasions he induced the 1852. The British minister at Washingsentinel to go on an errand for him, pro- ton, gave notice that to prevent encroachmising to take his place, and was seen very ments of fishing vessels belonging to the gravely marching before his own door, the United States and France, upon grounds musket on his shoulder, keeping guard reserved by the convention of 1818, diover himself. rections had been given for stationing a 1792. ROBERT STRANGE died; styled the force of vessels and steamers off New father of historical engraving in England. Brunswick, Prince Edward's island, and in He studied in France, and had the first the gulf of St. Lawrence, as would be knowledge of the dry needle, an instru- deemed sufficient to prevent the infraction ment which his genius improved and of the treaty. used with great success. 1852. The steam boat St. James exploded 1797. Second bombardment of Cadiz by her boilers on lake Ponchartrain, and the British- burnt to the water's edge. About 20 per1807. Buenos Ayres assaulted by the sons were killed and 19 wounded. British under general Whitelocke. They 1852. The convention for revising the were forced to retire with the loss of 2,000 constitution of Louisiana met at Baton men, and soon after compelled to withdraw Rouge; Duncan F. Kenner president. the armament. 1652. ISAAC T. PRESTON, a distingnished 1808. Cuenca, Spain, taken by the jurist, died near New Orleans, aged 59. He French under Caulincourt, and given up was a native of Virginia; graduated at Yale to pillage. college in 1812, and suspended his legal 1809. Battle near Enzersdorff and Wag- studies to serve as captain of a company in ram. Massena having crossed the Danube the war with Great Britain. He rose to during the night, which was stormy and high distinction in the legal profession, tempestuous, compelled the Austrians un- and was elected judge of the supreme der the archduke Charles to give Bona- court of Louisiana, which office he held at parte battle. The action continued the the time of his death. He was killed by whole day, but neither party gained any the explosion of a steam boiler on lake decided advantage. Ponchartrain. 1811. The seven provinces of Venezuela 1854. A fire at Philadelphia consumed made declaration of independence. the National theatre, Chinese museum, and 1814. Battle of Chippewa; the United other edifices. States troops under general Brown, defeated the British, and compelled them to retire within their works. British loss JULY 6. 198 killed, 100 wounded, and 137 taken prisoners-435; American loss 60 killed, 63 B. c. The Roman capitol fired during 257 wounded, and 20 missing-337. the night by an incendary and consumed. 1816. DOROTHEA JORDAN, an eminent The famous sibyline verses perished with it. English actress, died. Notwithstanding 1189. HENRY II, of England, died. He her popularity and patronage, she died in added Brittany and Ireland to his doFrance in great obscurity and penury. minions, attempted to repress the ambition 1817. The golden sovereign of England of the clergy, and died of a broken heart first put in circulation. at the rebellion of his children. 1830. Algiers surrendered to the French 1303. BENEDICT XI (Nicholas Bacosin), under general Bourmont, after a siege of pope, died. He was the son of a shepherd, six days. A rich booty fell into the hands succeeded Boniface VIII, and was poisoned of the conquerors, of gold and silver, be- by his cardinals. sides 1,500 cannon, and 12 ships of war 1439. The solemn act of reunion belying in the harbor. Loss of the French tween the Greek and Latin churches subprevious to effecting this conquest, 2,400 scribed in the cathedral of Florence, after men; that of the Algerines 10,000. a separation of 600 years, by the pope, the 1836. DANIEL COLE, a native of Long emperor of Constantinople, and principal island, N. Y., died in Canada, aged 106. members of both churches. 1839. The third centennary of the protest- 1483. RICHARD III, with his consort ant reformation was celebrated with great (Anne Beauchamp, widow of Edward, parade and splendor at Dresden, in Saxony. prince of Wales), inaugurated at West1848. The negroes at St. Croix revolted minster. The train of the king was borne and compelled the governor to proclaim by the duke of Buckingham, that of the their freedom. The whites thereupon queen by the countess of Richmond, both formed a provisional government, deposed of the opposing houses of Lancaster. 264 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 6. 1553. EDWARD VI, of England, died of Cornwallis, from the daring singularity of consumption, aged 16, and was succeeded the manceuvre, concluded it to be a feint by his sister Mary. to draw him into an ambuscade, there1568. JOHN OPORINUS, one of the most fore did not pursue him. Wayne, howlearned and eminent of the early German ever, lost his artillery. printers, died. He employed 6 presses and 1782. Sixth action between the British 50 men, and printed only his own works. fleet, admiral Hughes, and French, admiral 1583. EDMUND GRINDAL, archbishop of Suffrein, in the night, in close action. Canterbury, died; an able theological Both fleets suffered much; French lost the writer. Orient, crew saved. 1630. A fleet of 14 sail, with men, wo- 1790. Some workmen engaged in digmen and children, and provisions, intend- ging near Donadea, Ireland, discovered a ed to make a firm settlement in New Eng- vault, 12 feet by 8, and 6 f. 3 in. deep, land, arrived in Massachusetts bay. There containing a stone coffin in which rested a were on board about 1,500 passengers of skeleton measuring 8 feet 3' in. in length, various occupations, principally from the by the side of which was a spear 7 feet in vicinity of London; among whom was length and two brass urns, having the sun governor Winthrop and his lieutenant and moon engraved on them in a most Dudley, with several other gentlemen of curious, though antique manner. The wealth and quality. The expense of this vault was seventeen feet from the surface equipment and transportation was~21,200. of the ground and no clue could be found 1653. CROMWELL'S first parliament met. to the identity of the body, or the time of 1660. CHARLES II, of England, resumed its deposit there. touching for scrofula; placing his hands 1790. GEORGE AUGUSTUS ELIOTT, lord on the neck of the patient, the chaplain Heathfield, died. He gained much celesaying " He laid his hands on them and brity in the Prussian service, and during healed them." the seven years' war in Germany; but his 1759. WILLIAM PEPPERELL died; an of- constancy and talent in defence of Gibralficer in theBritish service before the Amer- tar during three years of constant investican revolution, and 32 years a member of ment, in which all the powers of Spain his majesty's council. He was born in were employed, excited the admiration of Maine, rose to the highest military honors, the world. and in 1745 commanded the expedition 1796. ADAM STANISLAUS MARUSZEWICH, against Louisburg, which was reduced. He a Polish poet and historian, died. was rewarded with the title of baronet of 1801. Action off Algesiras between the England. British and French fleets. A British 74 1767. MICHAEL BRUCE, an elegant Scot- grounded and was captured. tish poet, died, aged 21. 1809. British sloop of war Bonne Cito1775. Congress issued a manifesto, set- yenlle captured in 6 hours 50 minutes ting forth the causes and necessity of tak- French frigate La Furieuse. British loss 1 ing up arms in defence of their rights, killed, 5 wounded; French loss 35 killed, against England. 37 wounded. 1777. Ticonderoga and mount Inde- 1809. Battle of Wagram, between the pendence evacuated by the American gen- French army of 180,000 under Napoleon, eral St. Clair, who retreated to fort Ed- and the Austrians under the archduke ward. At the same time the Americans at Charles, of about half the force. The batSkeenesborough were obliged to burn tie commenced on the 5th, and was decidtheir vessels, and retreat to the same place. ed on the 6th. The Austrians were comThe British under Burgoyne had advanced pelled to retreat, after having taken 7,000 their works so far as to threaten a com- prisoners and 12 eagles, and retired fightplete inclosure of the continental army. ing thre'e days in succession, leaving the 1779. Action off Granada between the field of battle covered with their slain. It British fleet, admiral Barrington, 21 ships, is stated that 27,000 fell on both sides. and French fleet, 27 ships, admiral d'Es- The French reckoned their loss 15,000 taing. Although the French avoided a killed, about 4,000 wounded. Of the close action, it is supposed that their loss Austrians 12,000 were wounded, and 20,was 1,200 killed, owing to their ships 000 taken prisoners; 19 generals were being crowded with men. British loss killed or taken, and 40 cannon lost. 529 killed and wounded. 1813. GRANVILLE SHARP, a learned Eng1781. Battle of James river; general lish philanthropist, died. He interested Wayne with 800 men, intending to strike himself in the abolition of slavery, and to Cornwallis's rear guard, was deceived by a his exertions "' England owes the verdict countryman, and met the whole army of of her highest court of law, that the slave 4,000 regulars, drawn up to receive him. who sets his foot on English ground beHe instantly attacked them and retreated. comes that instant free." July 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 265 1815. SAMUEL WHITBREAD, member of reformer, burnt by the council of Conthe British parliament and one of the most stance. He was the first opposer of the extensive brewers in the world, died by doctrine of transubstantiation, and the dehis own hand. fender of Wickliffe. 1823. PIus VII (Gregory Barnabas Chi- 1520. Battle of Otumba; the retreating aramonti), pope, died. He was a prisoner army of Cortez being hotly pursued by the under Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, during Mexicans, that general resolved to halt and which time he rejected with firmness the risk a battle. The Tlascalan allies were of offers of the emperor. incalculable service to the maimed and 1835. JOHN MARSHALL, chief justice of wretched band of soldiers, who now faced the United States, died, aged 80. He was about to resist the whole Mexican force, an extraordinary man, and the object of determined not to leave a trace of the universal respect and confidence, on ac- Spaniards upon the earth. This battle count of his extraordinary talents, his un- lasted four hours; the Spaniards performsuspected integrity, his exemplary private ed prodigies of valor, and were victorious. virtues, and his important public services,. The cavalry penetrated the masses of Mexiwhich by some are deemed second only to cans and struck down the chiefs when those of Washington. He wrote the Life they began to give way, and the Tlascalans of Washington, 5 vols. mowed down all before them with the 1838. ALEXANDER AIKMAN, late printer arms which were thrown away by the of the Jamaica Royal Gazette, died. His fugitives. exertions spread much light in that island. 1572. SIGISMUND II, king of Poland, 1839. Great fire at Eastport, Me., by died, and with him the Jaghellon race bewhich the larger portion of the business came extinct. part of the town was destroyed. 1573. JAMES BORAZZIO VIGNoLA died; an 1849. Successful sortie of the Danes be- eminent Italian architect. sieged in the fort of Frederick by the 1607. The national anthem, God save Schleswig Holsteiners, of whom 3,112 were the King, written by Ben Jonson, and comslain and taken prisoners. posed by Dr. Bull, first vocalized in Mer1851. DAVID MACBETH MOIR, a Scottish chant Taylor's hall, by the choir of the writer, died at Dumfries, aged 53. He was royal chapel, the king being present. the Delta of Blackwood's Magazine, to which 1640. The inhabitants of Providence, 40 he was long a contributor, and in whose in number, united in forming a civil pages first appeared Mansie Wauch, which government, after their own model. was long ascribed to Gatt. 1647. Revolt in Naples against the Span1857. JOHN LAURIs BLAKE, an American ish authorities, headed by the famous divine, died at Orange, N. J., aged 68. His Thomas Aniello (Massaniello) a fisherman. principal work is a Biographical Dictionary, 1647. THOMAS HOOKER, an English disof which several editions were printed. senting divine, died. He emigrated to Holland to escape persecution, and thence to America, and settled in Connecticut. In JULY 7. 1647 he removed with his whole congregation to the banks of the river, and may be 715 B. c. ROMuLUS, founder and first considered the founder of the town of king of Rome, disappeared on the nones, Hartford. He was a rigid puritan, and a during the quzirinalia, in a chariot of fire, man of learning and talent. patriis equis, as he was reviewing his peo- 1648. Battle of St. Neots in England. pie. There seems to be no other way of 1667. The British admiral sir JOHN HARexplaining this account, than that he was MAN destroyed the entire French fleet, 33 a victim of some of the elements. sail, at Martinique, and left the vessels to 587 B. c. The city of Jerusalem, with rot on the strand. the temple, palaces and walls, razed to the 1696. A party of French and Indians ground, the inhabitants carried into cap- under count Frontenac left the island of tivity, and the entire Israelitish monarchy Montreal to invade the country of the terminated (after it had stood 468 years Five Nations with a great army. The exfrom the accession of David), in the 11th pedition was unsuccessful. year of Zedekiah, on the seventh day of 1708. CONRAD SAMUEL SCHURTZFLEISCH the Hebrew month sb. It is still observed died; professor of history, poetry and as a day of lamentation. Greek at Wittenberg, and counselor and 1307. EDWARD I, ninth king of England, librarian to the duke of Saxe-Weimar. died in the 35th year of his reign, aged 69. 1713. WILLIAM COMPTON, bishop of OxHe was distinguished for his wisdom and ford, died. He was a dissenter, and took the equity of his laws, as well as for his a conspicuous part in the politics of the military abilities. (See Jan. 2, 1774.) day, particularly in the cause of William 1415. JOHN Huss, a celebrated German of Orange, whom he crowned. 34 266 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 7. 1721. Sir WILLIAM KEITH, governor of major general Brown, attacked the British Pennsylvania, held a council with the In- at Chippewa; the latter retreated, and in dians at Connestogo. the evening the Americans occupied their 1725. Treaty of Vienna between the works. emperor Charles VI and Philip V of Spain 1816. RIcHARD BRINDSLEY SHERIDAN, an concluded by the baron de Ripperda, English dramatist, wit and orator, died. of Pragmatic sanction memory. His dramas were undertaken for a subsist1776. JEREMIAH MARKLAND died; a very ence; afterwards, for thirty-two years, he learned and acute English critic. pursued a splendid parliamentary career, 1777. Action between the United States but died in great poverty. frigate Hancock, 32 guns, captain Manley, 1820. PIERRE LOUIS LOUvEL executed for and three British ships, under sir George the murder of the duke de Berri. Collier. The Hancock was captured; she 1843. JOHN HOLMES died at Portland, wanted upwards of 60 of her complement. Me. He was the first United States senator they being on board her prize, the British sent from that state. frigate Fox, which was soon after recap- - 1844. The disgraceful riots of Philadeltured. phia again commenced; many were killed. 1779. British under governor TRYON 1848. JULIA RUSH, widow of Dr. Rush, plundered and burnt at Fairfield, Conn., died, aged 90. 2 churches, 82 dwellings, 55 barns, 15 1848. OLIVER W. P. PEABODY died; an stores and 15 shops; and at Green Farms accomplished scholar, and able contributor 1 church, 15 dwellings, 11 barns, and to the North.American Review. several stores; and sailed thence to Nor- 1849. During the week closing with this walk. day, 21,297 immigrants arrived at the port 1784. Fort Dauphin, St. Domingo, en- of Quebec, Lower Canada. tered by a negro, Jean Francois, a lieut. 1853. A plot to assassinate the emperor general in the Spanish service, with several of France while on his way to the opera, hundred men, who massacred the white was discovered. Many armed conspirators French, about 771 in number. The town were seized near the theatre, of whom 21 had been delivered to the Spaniards for were convicted on trial. protection, conditioned that the negroes 1854. Battle of Giurgevo; the Turks should not be permitted to enter it. defeated the Russians, and drove them 1791. THOMAS BLACKLOCE, an eminent from their position, with a loss in the conScottish poet and divine, died. His talents flict of 1,700 killed and wounded. and acquirements were the more extra- 1855. WILLIAM EDWARD PARRY, the ordinary, when it is considered that he noted Arctic explorer, died at Ems, aged lost his eye sight at the age of six months, 64. He succeeded in extending his expeby small pox. ditions beyond those of his predecessors, 1797. Congress declared the existing for which he received the parliamentary treaties with France no longer obligatory. reward, and was knighted in 1829. 1798. WASHINGTON appointed lieutenant general of the armies of the United States. 1799. WILLIAM CURTIS, a distinguished JULY 8. English botanist, died. His great work, the Flora Londinensis, gave him an endur- 17. The isle of Thia, one of the scattered ing reputation. cluster called the Sporades, in the Grecian 1799. The Kennet and Avon canal in archipelago, rose brightly from the sea. England was opened. 1117. ADAM DE ST. VICTOIRE, a French 1808. Desperate action, at night, be- ecclesiastic and writer, died. tween the British ship Sea Horse and 1174. HENRY II of England performed Turkish frigate Badere Zaffer, 52 guns and severe penance before the shrine of Tho500 men, and another Turkish ship of 24 masa Becket in the cathedralof Canterbury. guns. At daylight the Badere struck, 1497. The Indian expedition of Emanuel, having 165 killed and 195 wounded; the king of Portugal, sailed from the Tagus. other escaped. Sea Horse had 5 killed, 9 It consisted of three vessels, under Vasco wounded. de Gama. 1809. Cuxhaven, a fortified town of 1520. The retreating and almost anHanover, taken by storm, by the boats of nihilated army of Cortez entered the doa British squadron. minions of their faithful allies, the Tlas1809. St. Domingo surrendered to the calans. Here the Spaniards rested to British and Spaniards. repair their fortunes, and the Mexicans 1814. The three estates of the British meanwhile employed themselves in restorrealm offer public thanksgiving at St. ing their devastated capital. Paul's for the peace of Europe. 1524. JAMES VERRAZZANUS, the Floren1814. The United States troops under tine discoverer, dated his letter to the king July 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 267 of France from Dieppe, giving an account the command of Montcalm. The British of his voyage along the coast of the United general was induced to this rash attack by States, in which he is supposed to have the favorable report of the engineer, and visited the outer harbor of New York. frcm having learned that a reinforcement 1533. LuDovIco ARIosTo, the Italian poet, was expected frqm Canada. The French is by some authorities said to have died on had felled a breastwork of trees in front of this day. (See June 6.) the fort with their branches pointing out1550. The king of Denmark entered in- ward and sharpened, so as to form an alto a written contract to bind the Danish most impenetrable abatis: in this the asBible in whole leather with clasps, for two sailants became entangled, and were exmarks Danish a copy and lodging; and to posed to a murderous fire. Abercrombie, complete 2,000 copies in a year and a day. finding the attack fruitless, ordered a reIt was a middle sized folio, of 1,090 pages treat after a contest of near four hours. and sold for three rix dollars a copy. Nearly 2,000 of the British were killed or 1560. A peace between England, France wounded. Of the Highland regiment and Scotland concluded. nearly half were either killed or des1623. GREGORY XV (Alexander Ludo- perately wounded. The loss of the enemy, visio), pope, died. He erected the see of who were covered by their works, was inParis into an archbishopric, and assisted considerable. the emperor and the king of Poland in 1760. Action in the bay of Chaleur, betheir wars. tween the British and French fleets, in 1639. BERNARD, duke of Weimar, a Ger- which the latter were defeated with the man officer in the 30 years' war, died, sup- loss of 3 large ships of war and 20 sail of posed to have been poisoned by Richelieu. schooners, sloops and small privateers. With him fell one of the chief supports of 1768. Thirty men boarded a schooner at the protestants. Boston that had been seized by the officers 1709. Battle of Pultowa, in Russia, be- of the customs, for having 30 hogsheads tween the Swedes under Charles XII, and of molasses on board; they confined the the Russians under Peter the Great. The officers and carried off the molasses. Swedes were entirely routed, and forced 1775. Lord DUNMORE, the royal governor to take refuge within the dominions of the of Virginia, with his family, took refuge sultan of Turkey. The czar had his hat on board the Fowey, British man-of-war, pierced by a ball, and prince Menzikoff at Yorktown. had three horses killed under him. 1776. The Declaration of Independence 1716. ROBERT SeUTH, a celebrated Eng- of the United States proclaimed from the lish divine, died, aged 83, and was buried steps of the state house at Philadelphia, with great honors to his memory. He and read to the army in the city of New shone as a polite scholar and a wit, and is York. famous for his controversy with Dr. Sher- 1777. Battle of fort Ann; the British lock on the subject of the trinity. His defeated the Americans under colonel Livsermons were published in 11 vols. octavo. ingston, who retreated to fort Edward. 1721. ELIHU YALE, the benefactor of The Americans lost 128 cannon and conYale college, died. He was descended siderable stores. from an ancient and wealthy family in 1778. The French fleet under count Wales; born in New Haven 1748; acquired d'Estaing arrived off the Delaware, having an estate in the East Indies, and on his been at sea 87 days. return was chosen governor of the East 1779. The British under governor TRYON India company. plundered and burnt Norwalk, Conn. Two 1738. JOHN PETER NICERON, a popular churches, 80 dwellings, 87 barns, 22 stores, French preacher, died; also author of 4 mills and 5 vessels were destroyed. Memoirs of Men illustrious in the Republic of 1784. TORBERN BERGMAN, a Swedish Letters, of which the 39th volume was chemist and natural philosopher, died. finished in the year of his death. He ad- He was the friend of Linnoeus, and an able dicted himself to laborious studies and and successful investigator of the secrets had an extensive knowledge of ancient of nature. and modern languages. 1790. RENWICK WILLIAMS, known in 1747. Unsuccessful attempt of the French London as the Monster, was convicted of and Spaniards to force the pass aux Exiles cutting the garments of Miss Porter. The in Dauphiny; the chevalier Belleisle and judge reserved the case till he could de5,000 men were left dead on the field of termine whether the crime was felony or battle. only a misdemeanor. Williams was a 1758. Battle.of Ticonderoga, in which dancing master and for years a great nuithe British and provincial troops of 16,000 sance in London. men under Abercrombie, were repulsed in 1793. The dauphin, Louis XVII, taken attempting to storm the fort, then under from his mother and placed in the care of 268 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 8. the sans culotte cobbler, Simon, underwhose of the East by marrying the widow of the tender mercies he soon yielded up his life. emperor Zeno. 1797. EDMUND BURKE, a British writer, 551. The city of Berytus overthrown by orator and statesman of great eminence, an earthquake. It gave birth to Sanconidied. His complete works have been pub- atho, the Phoenician historian, about the lished in 16 vols. octavo. period of the Trojan war, in the time of 1813. Outposts of the American encamp- Hercules. ment at fort George attacked by the Brit- 552. The Armenians commenced their -ish and Indians. A company under lieu- era, Tuesday. The year, like the Noetic, tenant Eldridge was sent to support the consists of twelve months of thirty days, posts, but fell into an ambush, and after with an insertion of five, or (in leap year) an obstinate struggle 13 were killed, 5 es- six days, after the 5th of August, when caped; the remainder, including lieutenant their ecclesiastical year commences. In ~Eldridge, were taken prisoners and put to their correspondence with Europeans, they death by the Indians with great barbarity. usually adopt, as in Russia, the old Julian In consequence of this event and similar style, and the months. outrages, general Brown received into the 1228. STEPHEN LANGTON, archbishop of service of the United States a party of Se- Canterbury, died. He was a man of great neca and Tuscarora Indians, under young abilities as a writer and a politician. He Cornplanter. was nominated to the office of archbishop 1814. The Americans under Gen. SCOTT by the pope, 1207, which being considered succeeded in throwing a bridge over the as an usurpation of the rights of the king Chippewa, and comp1lled general Riall to of England, lead to a quarrel between retreat to Ten-mile creek. General Brown those dignitaries, which terminated disasoccupied the British works the same trously to the king. evening. 1386. Battle of Sempach, in the canton 1822. THOMAS FANSHAW MIDDLETON, of Lucerne, which established the indebishop of Calcutta, died. He was the first pendence of Switzerland. Leopold II, to hold that office, and was distinguished duke of Austria, was killed in this battle. for talents and acquirements, zeal and 1535. ANTHONY DUPRAT, a very eminent fidelity. French statesman, died. He was president 1838. Treaty of peace concludedbetween of the parliament of Paris, and a man Russia and Turkey. who, to increase his fortune or enlarge his 1847. The canal from the Durance to power, did not hesitate to sacrifice either Marseilles in France completed. More fame or virtue. than one-fifth of its length is through the 1546. ROBERT MAXWELL died. He was Alps in tunnels. chiefly instrumental in bringing and pro1848. To test the effect of an eclipse curing the passage of an act in the Scottish upon animals five healthy linnets were put parliament permitting the reading of the in a cage together and fed; at the end of scriptures in the vulgar tongue. it three of them were found dead; a dog 1598. DAVID BOUCHARD, governor of Pewhich had long been kept fasting, and rigord, killed at the siege of Lisle. He which was eating hungrily when the eclipse wa s a famous chieftain under Henry IV of commenced, left his food as soon as the France. darkness set in; a colony of ants which 1669. The encenia, or dedication of the had been working actively, suddenly ceas- incomparable theatre at Oxford, endowed ed from their labors at the same moment. and founded 1664, by archbishop Selden. 1850. The Alabama historical society The first act held in a secular building was was organized at Tuskaloosa.' kept there on the same day. Wren 1852. A destructive fire at Montreal laid adopted his ground plan from the theatre waste a considerable portion of the city. of Marcellus at Rome. 1853. The American expedition under 1693. The English or confederated army commodore Perry arrived at Japan. defeated by the French at Landon. 1856. PRESTON S. BROOKS, indicted at 1742. JOHN OLDMIXON, an English histoWashington for an assault upon senator rian and'poet, died. He was a man of Sumner, was sentenced to pay a fine of learning and abilities, but a violent party $300. writer, and a severe and malevolent critic. 1746. PHILIP V of Spain, died. His accession to the throne was opposed by the JULY 9. archduke of Austria, and gave rise to one of the most bloody wars on record. 597 B. C. An eclipse of the sun, fore- 1755. Memorable defeat of BRADDOCK told by Thales. on his march to fort Du Quesne. The 518. ANASTASIUS I, the silentiary, died i English army of 1,200 was ambuscaded, who from obscure birth became emperor the general having neglected all precau July 9. EVERY DAY BOOK. 269 tions against such an event, and totally 1814. United States army under general routed by the French and Indians, about Brown left Riall's works on the Chippewa, 900 in number. Of 85 officers 64 were and pursued the British to Queenstown, killed, and about half the privates. The and encamped there. remains of the army were brought off by 1816. Rio de la Plata declared itself inWashington, who was the only officer on dependent of Spain, and took the title of horseback that escaped. the United Provinces of South America. 1762. Revolution in Russia, followed by 1818. RICHARD BEATNIFFE, the well the abdication of Peter III. The empress known author of the Norfolk Journal, died Catharine was declared autocratrix, and at Norwich, England. Peter imprisoned, where he died seven 1830. Erzeroum, the capital of Turkish days afterwards. Armenia, surrendered to the Russians. 1762. A substance called honey dew fell 1831. The Belgian congress acceded to in the neighborhood of Rathiermuc, Ire- the articles agreed on at London by th3 land, which loaded the trees and long plenipotentiaries of the five great powers, grass in such a manner that quantities of and declared Leopold of Saxe-Coburg king it were saved by scoops. of Belgium. 1766. JONATHAN MAYHEW died; a dis- 1838. ROBERT GRANT, governor of Bomtinguished American clergyman, and mis- bay, died; a man greatly respected for his sionary among the Indians. talents and his public services. 1776. The leaden statue of George III, 1843. WASHINGTON ALSTON, the great in New York, thrown down by the revo- historical painter of South Carolina, died. lutionists, and sent to Litchfield, Conn., 1850. ZACHARY TAYLOR, president of the where the women manufactured it into United States, died, aged 65. He was a bullets. general in the United States army, and 1781. Captain EGGLESTON, of Lee's le- won laurels in the Mexican war. gion, routed a British foraging party at 1853. CHARLES CALDWELL, a medical Friday's ferry, Congaree river, and took writer and teacher of great celebrity, died 45 dragoons. at Louisville, Ky., aged 90. 1785. WILLIAM STRAHAN, an eminent 1854. RICHARD SHUBRICK PINCKNEY, a Scottish printer, died. Having served a naval officer of the United States, died at regular apprenticeship, he settled in Lon- Charlestown, S. C., aged 57. He entered don, where he rose to great eminence in the navy in 1814, and was engaged in the his profession, and finally sat in parlia- operations against the Algerine pirates of ment. the Mediterranean, where he was severely 1790. Action off cape Musalo, between wounded. He commanded the Decatur the Swedish fleet under the king in per- during the Mexican war. son, and the Russian fleet. It continued into the following day, and resulted in the destruction of 5 Russian frigates, 15 JULY 10. galleys, 2 floating batteries, 9 galliots, and 2 other floating vessels. The Swedes lost 70. Conflagration of the second temple but-one of their galleys burnt. of the Jews, in the night following the 1794. Seventy-one persons were guillo- ninth day of Lous (Ab) the second year tined at Paris. of Vespasian. 1805. GEORGE WOLFGANG PANZER, a dis- 138. PUBrLIUS AELIuS ADRIAN, emperor of tinguished German bibliographer, died. Rome, died. He was a renowned general He published a catalogue of all the works and great traveler; and on a visit to Briknown to have been printed from the in- tain built the British wall, extending from vention of the art of printing to the year Newcastle to Carlisle, 80 miles in length. 1536. The works in all languages are 983. Pope BENEDICT VII died. chronologically arranged, the place of 1024. BENEDICT VIII, pope, died. To printing given, also a short account of the arts of the politician he added the vathem, and the libraries and publications lor of the warrior, and exterminated the in which they are contained. Saracens who invaded Italy. He also de1806. Confederation of the Rhine signed feated the Greeks, who were ravaging at Paris, between Bonaparte and several Apulia. of the smaller German states, who placed 1212. Burning of London bridge, when themselves under the protection of France, 3000 persons inhabiting that borough perand renounced their connection with the ished in the flames. German empire. 1440. An anniversary was held in Haar-' 1810. The kingdom of Holland annexed lem for two days, commemorating the into France; Amsterdam to rank as the vention of printing on movable wooden third city in the empire, Paris being'first types in this year, by Lawrence Coster. and Rome second. The emblems on his monument are a 270 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 10. branch of beech, a winged A, a wreathed IVLY 10, 1689, in the Fifty-fourth year of snake and a lamp. It was also celebrated his Age. Well, sick, dead, in one hour's by the printers of Dortrecht and Rotter- space. Hartford, Con." He was the first dam. white child born in Connecticut. 1460. Battle of Northampton, England; 1704. The fortress of Gibraltar in Spain the forces of Henry VI defeated by earls taken by the British. Warwick, Salisbury and March, with great 1733. Nearly 800,000 quarters of grain slaughter among the gentry and nobility exported from England to Portugal; cost, on both sides, and Henry was taken pri- ~1,000,000 sterling. soner. 1767. ALEXANDER MONROE, a Scottish 1472. The siege of Beauvais, France, physician, anatomist and writer, died. raised by Charles the Bold, duke of Bur- His Osteology has been translated into sevegundy, who had invested it with an army ral languages. of 80,000 men. An anniversary is still 1776. New York declared an indepenheld on this day in memory of the hero- dent state. ine Jeane Hachette, and her regiment of 1777. Major-general Prescott, commandwomen, who signalized themselves at this er of the British army at Newport, surfamous siege. prised at night in his quarters, and carried 1559. HENRY II, of France, died. He off by a party of 40 Americans. was a persecutor of the protestants, and 1780. French fleet under admiral Terduring the thirteen years of his reign, nay, arrived at Rhode Island, having on much embroiled in war. He recovered board 6000 French troops under count Calais from the English, and was wounded Rochambeau, intended for the American at a tournament, of which he died. (See service. June 26, 1574; 29, 1559.) 1791. Battle of Maclin; a body of 70,1579. WILLIAM WHITTINGHAM, dean of 000 Turks under the grand vizier, defeated Durham, died. He was one of the trans- by the Russians. The Turks lost 4000 lators of the Genevan or German Bible, killed, and the whole of their camp; 30 usually called the Breeches Bible. cannon, and 15 standards were taken. The 1584. WILLIAM I, prince of Orange, as- flower of the Asiatic troops, with their sassinated. He is styled the father of the chiefs were in this battle. Dutch republic, having brought about the 1792. CHABANON, a French dramatist union of the provinces. He was shot in and translator, died. His best works bethe breast with three balls by an ssassin long to a species of criticism which is supposed to have been employed by the characterized by learning and taste. king of Spain, who claimed the sove- 1794. Battle in India between the Britreignty of the Netherlands. ish army, and the Hindoos under Vizia1634. DE VRIES sailed from the Texel in ram Rauze, rajah of Vizigapatam. The the ship King David, 14 guns, with 25 rajah and most of his officers were killed; head of cattle, and 30 planters, intending British loss 10 killed, 50 wounded. to form a colony on the coast of Guyana. 1796. Island of Elba seized by the 1680. LEwIS MORERI, a learned French English under Duncan and lord Nelson. writer, died, aged 37; author of the, great 1799. The French under LA GRANGE historical dictionary, which appeared 1674, surprised the Mamelukes at Sababier, in and was afterwards enlarged to 10 vols. Egypt, took their baggage, 50 horses and folio, and greatly improved in the nume- 700 camels. rous editions it underwent. 1799. Action between American ship 1683. FRANCIS EUDES DE MEZERAI, a Planter, captain Watts, 18 guns and 43 French historian, died. He entered upon men, and a French privateer of 22 guns, the laborious character of historian of which was beaten off "after an action of France at the age of 26, and his work was 5 glasses." Two female passengers, Mrs. received with universal applause. Several MacDowell and Miss Mary Harley, dressed other books were also published by him, the wounded and supplied cartridges. reflecting great honor upon his integrity, The Planter had 4 killed, 8 wounded. candor and faithfulness. 1804. FRANCIS AMBROSE DIDOT, a learned 1686. JOHN FELL, an English prelate, and ingenious French printer, died. He died. During the civil war he bore arms made some important improvements in for the king, and lost his offices by his the printing press and paper mill, and is loyalty. He was distinguished for learn- supposed to have hastened his death by a ing and assiduity, and published many too close application to the revision of an excellent works. edition of Montaigne's works. 1688. The city of Smyrna in Asia de- 1810. Ciudad Rodrigo surrendered to stroyed by an earthquake. the French under Massena, with a garri1689. " Here lyeth the Body of Mr. Da- son of, 6000, after having been bombarded.vid Gardiner, of Gardiner Island, deceased 25 days, a great quantity of artillery, am July 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 271 munition and rich stores were taken. descried Friesland "Crising like pinnacles This fortress was built by the Spanish as a of steeples and all covered with snow'" rampart against Portugal, from which it is and entered, with his two small barks, the distant only 8 miles. (See Jan. 19.) strait which bears his name. 1810. Holland incorporated with the 1628. WILLIAM DANIEL died; a famed French empire, by which all the 17 pro- Greek and Hebrew scholar, translator of vinces of the Netherlands were united the New Testament and liturgy into Irish. under the dominion of Napoleon. 1708. Battle of Oudenarde, in Belgium, 1826. LUTHER MARTIN, an eminent law- between the French and the allied army yer and one of the delegates from Mary- under the duke of Marlborough and prince land in forming the constitution of the Eugene. The French were defeated with United States, died, aged 82. the loss of 15,000; loss of the allies 5000. 1828. Louis AUGUSTIN GUILLAUME BOST, 1724. MARY MANLEY died; an English a well known French naturalist and pro- authoress, of considerable reputation as a fessor at the Jardin du Roi, died. writer, but of a wanton and licentious 1834. Abolition riots in New York. character. She wrote principally plays 1850. JAMES LOVEL, oldest member of and romances. the society of the Cincinnatti, died at St. 1754. The Indians, who had been assemMatthews, S. C., aged 02. bled to attend the congress of the colonies 1852. A fire in Boston destroyed the at Albany, were dismissed apparently well Mariner's church, the Sailor's home, the pleased and had engaged their cooperation Boylston school house, and many dwel- with the colonies against the French. One lings and stores. of the sachems chalked out a sketch of 1855. The British bombarded the Redan the interior forests, rivers and lakes, with tower at Sebastopol, for one day. a clear discernment of their relations, and 1856. JOHN LOCKE, an American physi- made the judicious remark, that Louiscian and naturalist, died at Cincinnati, burg was one key of the inland country, aged 64. He was a native of Maine, but and New York another, and that the power spent a considerable portion of his life in which had both, would open the great Cincinnati; was connected with the geo- chest, and have Indians and all. logical survey of the state, and of lake 1763. PETER FORSKAL died; a celebrated Superior, and seems to have had a knowl- Swedish naturalist and oriental traveler. edge of various other sciences. 1764. ANDREW CANTWELL died; an Irish practitioner and writer on medicine of considerable abilities. JULY 11. 1782. JOHN JAMES FLIPART, a French engraver of great merit, died. 472. PRocoPIus ANTHEMIUS, emperor of 1782. Savannah, Georgia, evacuated by Rome, murdered. He acquired the title the British, and taken possession of by of Augustus by his valor. Ricimir, a gen- general Wayne. eral to whom he had given his daughter in 1789. JAMES NECKER, the prime minismarriage, burst the gates of Rome, and ter and great financier, ordered to leave imbrued his hands in the blood of his France. father-in-law, while his barbarian follow- 1797. CHARLES MACKLIN, an Irish actor ers were indulged without control, in the and dramatic writer, died, aged 107. His three-fold license of murder, rapine and name was M'Laughlin, which he changed indiscriminate pillage. for one more euphonious. His last per1103. ERIC (the good), king of Denmark, formance was at the age of 90, when his died at Cyprus. memory failed him, and he took leave of 1191. Acre, in Palestine, surrendered by the audience forever. His comedies still the Saracens to the crusaders under Rich- keep the stage. ard of England and Philip of France, who 1804. A duel fought between Aaron had besieged it two years. Nine battles Burr and Alexander Hamilton, at Hobowere fought in the vicinity of mount Car- ken, opposite New York. On the first fire mel, with such vicissitudes of fortune, that Hamilton fell mortally wounded, on the in one attack the sultan forced his way same spot where, a short time previous, into the city, while in a sally the Christ- his eldest son had been killed in a duel. ians penetrated the royal tent. There He lingered until the afternoon of the folwere slain, by the computation of the lowing day, when he expired. minister of Saladin, 100,000 Christians. 1807. MICHAEL NEKITITCH MINAVIEW, a 1450. JACK CADE, an Irishman who Russian author of much distinction, died. headed a rebellion in England, was slain One of his most admired productions is near Lewes, and his head placed on Lon- Oskold, which describes the march of the don bridge. northern nations against Constantinople. 1576. MARTIN FROBISHER, the navigator, 1809. Battle of Znaim; the French un 272 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 11. der Marmont, duke of Ragusa, defeated most learned man of the age in which he the Austrians, took 2 standards, 3 cannon lived, and greatly contributed to the and 3000 prisoners. restoration of learning in Europe. The 1811. Earthquake at St. Michael's one of New Testament in Greek (of which he was the Azores; an island was formed where the first actual publisher, 1516), written the water had been 30 fathoms in depth. with his own hand, is, with other relics, 1812. United States frigate Essex cap- including his sword and pencil, to be seen tured a British transport with a detach- at Basil, where he died. ment of the first regiment of Royal Scots 1543. Marriage of HENRY VIII with the on board. protestant lady, Catharine Parr, his sixth 1813. Blackrock taken by the British, queen. Kate was a doctor, and a lover of who burnt the barracks, blockhouse, and learning; and survived the queen-killer. other buildings, spiked several cannon, 1566. First stone of the walls of the and took off a quantity of provisions, Tuilleries at Paris laid, in the presence of leaving on the shore a part of their killed Charles IX and his mother, Catharine de and wounded. Medicis. The site of this famous palace 1814. United States brig Rattlesnake had been occupied by a manufactory. captured by a British 50 gun ship. The 1581. MAURICE CHAUNCEY died at Paris; Rattlesnake had some time previous thrown a French historian prior of the Carthusians, overboard all her guns except two, to es- and confessor to queen Mary. cape another British maa-of-war. 1609. HUDsoN having continued his 1814. The fort at Eastport, Moose island, course westward for some days, first obmounting six 24 pounders, commanded by tained sight of the American continent, major Putnam with about 80 men, surren- and on the 17th, the fog having cleared dered to a large British force. In conse- up, ran into Penobscot bay, in the state of quence of this capture, the whole of the Maine. islands in Passamaquoddy bay fell into the 1625. PAUL BENI, a learned Italian auhands of the enemy. thor, died. He censured the dictionary 1818. The use of the French language of the della crusca academy at Florence, in judicial proceedings and by the public and refuted its opinions in his defence of authorities abolished in the Netherlands, Tasso and Ariosto. His works were colonly allowing advocates to make use of it lected in 5 vols. folio. for a certain time. 1676. HENRY STUBBE, a learned English 1853. An earthquake destroyedthe city author, drowned. His writings are very of Teheran, the capital of Persia, having a numerous and instructive, and evince. population of 60,000. great research; at the same time they 1853. SAMUEL APPLETON, one of the abound in abuse, satire and malevolence. most opulent, benevolent and public spi- 1691. Battle of Aghrim in Ireland; the rited citizens of Boston, died, aged 87. French under Gen. St. Ruth defeated and His charitable donations for many years himself killed by the forces of William exceeded $25,000 per annum. III under Gen. Ginckle. Of the French and Irish catholics 4000 were slain and 600 taken, with their baggage, artillery, JULY 12. &c.; English lost 800 on the field. 1691. Cardinal PIGNATELLI elected pope, 100 B. C. Birthday of JULIUS CASAR, and took the name of Innocent III. the Roman emperor. Pliny says of him 1712. RICHARD CROMWELL died, aged 82. that he could employ at the same time his He assumed the protectorate of England ears to listen, his eyes to read, his hand to on the death of his father, but found write, and his mind to dictate. himself inadequate to sustain the office, 1174. King WILLIAM of Scotland taken and resigned it to retire to more peaceful by the famous chief-justiciary, Glanville. pursuits. He inherited little of his This success of the arms of king Henry has father's ambition. been attributed to his having,on the Thurs- 1637. JOHNSON, "a stranger in London," day previous, done penance at the tomb of addressed Cave, editor of the Gentleman's Thomas a Becket. Magazine, "having observed in his papers 1191. The Christians took possession of very uncommon encouragement to men of the city of Acre. The two western kings letters." In this letter he proposed a planted the royal standard each in his own translation from the Italian of Sarpi. portion of the conquest, and divided the 1730. LAWRENCE CORSINE elected pope, booty of the Saracens between them. the conclave having sat four months. 1212. The Christians defeated the Moors 1776. Lord HowE arrived from Europe at Toulouse. with a formidable squadron and 30,000 1536. DESIDERIUS ERASnUS,the celebrated men, chiefly Hessians, and joined his.Dutch philosopher, died. He was the brother Gen. Howe on Staten island. July 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 273 1776. Capt. CooK sailed on his third British works. He afterwards commenced and last voyage of discovery. the practice of law in New York, and rose 1779. BIERNSTAHL, a learned Swedish to the highest eminence in the profession. professor of the oriental languages, died He was appointed secretary of the treasury at Salonica in Turkey. under Washington. As a statesman and 1780. SUMPTER with 133 men attacked a financier he revived the public credit, and defeated a detachment of British at and placed the United States revenue on Williamson's plantation, South Carolina. a permanent footing. Of all the coadju1791. BABA MAHOMET, dey of Algiers, tors and advisors of Washington, Hamildied, aged 80. He was one of the most ton was doubtless the one in whose judgsingular characters of the age; raised ment and sagacity he reposed the greatest himself from a common soldier to the confidence, whether in military or civil throne, and governed a nation of barba- career; and of all the American statesrians more than 25 years with uncommon men, he displayed the most comprehensive reputation. He was succeeded by Sidi- understanding and the most varied ability, Hassan, his prime minister, whose succes- whether applied to subjects practical or sion was accomplished, for the first time, speculative. A collection of his works without bloodshed. was issued in New York some time after 1793. The first official trial of the Clauda his death, in 3 vols. octavo. Chappe telegraph was made with complete 1807. Ratification of the peace between success; transmitting despatches'forty- Bonaparte and the king of Prussia at Tilsit. eight leagues in 13 min. 40 sec. 1812. The United States frigate Consti1794. Battle of Edikhoffen commenced, tution completely manned and equipped, which continued three days. The French under the command of Com. Isaac Hull, lost 1000 killed, and 6000 prisoners fell left Anapolis in Chesapeake bay, for New into the hands of the Prussians; notwith- York, and made a singular escape from the standing which the French finally obtained British squadron, consisting of a sixtythe victory, and obliged Moellendorf to four gun ship, three frigates and a schoonretreat 60 miles. er, by running into Nantucket harbor. She 1796. Ninety-four prisoners taken by was chased sixty hours, and escaped by the Algerines on board American vessels, kedging, an invention of Chas. Morris. were redeemed by the United States con- 1812. Gen. HULL, with an army of Unitsul at Algiers. ed States volunteers invaded Canada. 1798. The knights of St. John at Malta 1814. JOHN SWIFT, a revolutionary solsurrendered to Bonaparte. They had dier and brigadier general in the United possessed the island nearly 270 years, States army, killed whilst reconnoitering and under them it had risen from a state the British positions at Queenstown. He of destitution to a place of great opulence had surprised an outpost, and was most and luxury; and the military works which basely shot in the breast by a soldier who remain to this day, are a monument of had begged and received quarters. Swift their perseverance and power. however, killed the soldier himself. 1801. Action off the coast of Spain be- 1816. A slide from the bank of West tween the British fleet, 5 sail of the line, Canada creek, near the village of Herkiand the combined French and Spanish rmer, carried nearly five acres of land into fleet of 13 sail, and a considerable number the creek. of gun boats. Two of the Spanish ships, 1816. A dreadful storm burst upon the of 112 guns each, blew up, another of 74 town of Worchestz, in Hungary, which was taken, and the remainder made their injured every house in the place; damage way into Cadiz. estimated at four millions of florins. 1803. CHARLES JORDAN died in Anson 1823. The Diana steam boat, built at county, North Carolina, aged 114. His Kidderpore, near Calcutta, launched; and favorite amusement was hunting, and only on the same day she made her first voyage four days before his death he killed two on the Ganges between Calcutta and Chindeer at a shot. soorah in six hours and a half. This was 1804. ALEXANDER HAMILTON, an Ameri- the firstappearance of these boats inthe east. can statesman, died of a wound received 1832. The monolithic column, in honor in a duel with Col. Burr. Hamilton was of Alexander of Russia, was debarked at born on the island of St. Croix 1757, and St. Petersburg. It measures 12 feet in dicame to New York in 1773. At the com- ameter at the base, and is 84 feet in length; mencement of the war he joined the army, being the largest pillar of modern erecand was an aid-de-camp to Washington,and tion. It was raised upon its pedestal in afterwards a major-general. He continued September following. in the service until the surrender of Corn- 1836. WILLIAM MURRAY died near wallis at Yorktown, where the troops un- Jonesborough, Tenn., aged 111. der his command stormed and took the 1838. JOHN JAMIESON, an eminent Soot35 274 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 12. tish seceder, died, aged 80. He is the physician and divine, died. He is said to author of several theological and miscella- have learned to read perfectly in 14 days neous works, and of a celebrated Etymo- at the age of 3, and to compose with corlogical Dictionary of the Scottish Language. rectness Greek and Latin orations at the 1841. WM. JAMES MCNEVEEN, so cele- age of 13. His works are on anatomy, brated as a physician and author, died at metaphysics, logic,and rhetoric. New York. 1637. Battle with the Pequods, in which 1851. DAGUERRE, inventor of the da- the last body of that formidable tribe was guerreotype, died at Paris, aged 61. exterminated. They had secreted them1854. Louis DwIT died at Boston, aged selves in a swamp near where Fairfield 61. HIe was a native of Stockbridge, Mass., now stands, in Connecticut; when some and graduated at Yale college in 1813. On of the rangers who were in pursuit of the formation of the Prison discipline them discovering their lurking place, society, he was appointed corresponding rushed in upon them, in defiance of their secretary, and devoted the remainder of arrows, and the hazard of being swallowed his life to the promotion of the interests of in the miry bogs. After a fruitless parley, this important institution of public econo- the Indians refusing to come to terms, the my and Christian philanthropy. soldiers were ordered to cut through the 1855. A convention of the friends of swamp with their swords, in order to hem slavery was held at Lexington, Mo. them in, till they were begirt in a narrow 1855. A mob at Jonesville, Mo., seized a space and remained all night sorely galled prisoner whom a jury had found guilty by the fire of their besiegers. Taking of murder, for which the statute punish- advantage of a dense fog, some of the ment was imprisonment for life, and hung stoutest made their escape, leaving the him on a tree. rest to the mercy of their conquerors. 1856. The Crimea was evacuated by the They were discovered in the morning last of the allied forces of Great Britain sitting in crowds, sullenly refusing to ask and' France. for their lives, and were shot by dozens 1856. The submarine telegraph cable was or cut in pieces. The male children which laid across the St. Lawrence gulf, from cape were taken were sent to the Bermudas, Race cove, Newfoundland, and Ashby bay, and the females distributed to the English cape Breton, a distance of 85 miles, and towns. This overthrow of a great and messages transmitted from place to place. powerful nation, cast a terror upon the arms of the colonists, which brought other tribes to a lasting peace. JULY 13. 1650. Dr. LEVINS, a civilian, was hanged for having in his possession blank com325. The first cecumenical council, that missions from Charles II, against the comis, council of the whole habitable earth, monwealth. assembled at Nice, now Isnick,in Bythinia, 1677. WILLIAM BERKELEY, governor of where 318 fathers of the church sub- Virginia, died in England, after having scribed the ordinances regulating the administered the office nearly 40 years. festival of Easter, and establishing the God- His measures were generally bigoted and head, in opposition to the dogmas of Arius. revengeful. 573. Pope JOHN III died. 1730. ELIJAH FENTON, an English poet 1024. HENRY II, emperor of Germany, and divine, died. He assisted Pope in died. He was successful in arms against the translation of the Odyssey. the Greeks and Saracens, whom he drove 1750. The excessive heat of the weather from Calabria, restored peace and tran- at this time caused the fish in the Thames quility in Italy and Germany, and increas- to assemble in shoals under the bank, ed his popularity by various deeds of be- where they were readily caught. nevolence and kindness wherever he went. 1759. Battle of Zullechan, in which the 1377. Isle of Wight taken by the French Prussians were defeated by the Russians. and plundered. 1762. JAMES BRADLEY, an English astro1568. ELIZABETH committed MARY queen nomer, died. He made some important of Scots to the castle of Bolton, a prisoner. discoveries, and greatly improved the 1571. GEORGE FABRICIUS, a learned instruments which enrich the celebrated German poet and historian, died, aged 55. observatory at Greenwich. 1621. THOMAs HARIOT, an English 1772. Captain JAMES COOK sailed on his mathematician, died. He accompanied second voyage round the world. sir Walter Raleigh to America, and wrote 1774. CHARLES FREY DE NEUVILLE, a an account of Virginia. It is said that French Jesuit, died, aged 81. He was Descartes drew from his works many of long known as an eloquent preacher; but his improvements in algebra. on the suppression of his order he retired 1629. GASPARD BERTHOLIN, a Swedish into privacy. July 13.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 275 1774. WILLiAM JOHNSON, Indian agent, considerable portion of the property dedied at his seat near Johnstown, during stroyed belonged to Americans. One the sitting of a convention at his place. British vessel of war in the harbor proHe was a man of stern and determined tested against the act. purpose, but urbane and conciliatory when 1854. Battle of Gaymas, between some necessary, and held a greater controlling Frenchmen under count Raousset de Boulinfluence over the Indians than any other bon, and the Mexicans under Col. Yanez. individual since the settlement of the The former were defeated, the count taken province. prisoner, and shot on the 12th August. 1785. STEPHEN HOPKINS, a signer from 1854. A riot occurred at Buffalo growing Rhode Island, died. He was a man of out of street preaching. learning and a powerful speaker. His signature to the declaration is indicative of a tremulous hand, owing to a nervous JULY 14. affection, which compelled him, when he wrote, to guide his right arm with his left. 66. It was on the 14th of Lous, during 1788. An extraordinary and destructive the festival of Zylophory, or wood carryhail storm happened in France, converting ing, at Jerusalem, to feed the perpetual many of the richest autumnal prospects fire at the sacred altar, that the zealots deinto arctic desolations. stroyed the house of Ananias the chief 1793. JEAN PAUL MARAT, a notorious priest, and the palaces of Agrippa and leader of the French revolution, assassi- Berenice, with all the public archives, nated. lie was a humble physician in containing the bonds of debtors, "the Paris when the storm of anarchy burst nerves of the city." forth, and became the most insatiable 1099. Jerusalem taken by the crusaders. advocate of human slaughter of all the 1420. Battle of Prague; 4000 Hussites blood-thirsty demons by whom he was under their celebrated leader Zisca, repelsurrounded. He endeavored to get up a led the Bohemian army of 30,000 under general massacre, and publicly demanded the emperor Sigismund. 270,000 executions. 1514. CHRISTOPHER BAINBRIDGE, an Eng1795. Action between the Biitish fleet, lish archbishop, poisoned at Rome. He admiral Hotham, and the French fleet. was the envoy of Henry VIII to the pope, French ship Alcide struck, but took fire where he distinguished himself. and blew up with several hundred of her 1584. BALTHAZAR GERARD, the assassin crew on board, who perished. of William prince of Orange, whom he 1807. JAMES BERNOUILLI 3d, a Swiss shot through the breast with a pistol as he astronomer, died. He was one of an was going out of his palace at Delft, was illustrious, family of scientific men. executed in the same manner as Damiens 1809. Senegal, in Africa, taken by the (q. v.) and died, in his own conceit, a British. martyr of the church of Rome. 1810. FRANCIS JAMES JACKSON, British 1675. Mendon, Mass., attacked by the minister, burnt in effigy before the door of Nipmuck Indians, and several persons his lodgings in Albany. killed. Mather says: "blood was never 1813. A British fleet of 11 ships, cap- shed in Massachusetts, in the way of hostured and plundered Portsmouth and tility, before this day." Ocracoke, in North Carolina, and took the 1678. The expedition under M. de la privateers Anaconda of New York, and Salle set out from Rochelle, consisting of Atlas of Philadelphia, then lying in port. thirty men, among whom were pilots, 1831. JAMES NORTHCOTE, an English smiths, carpenters, and other useful artists. artist of some celebrity, died in Argyle st. 1683. MUSTAPHA, the grand vizier, sat London. down before Vienna with an army of 1843. JOHN RowAN, an eminent states- 150,000 Turks, and opened the trenches. man and jurist, of Kentucky, died at 1694. Bombardment and destruction of Louisville. Dieppe, in France, by the English. 1851. JOHN LINGARD, the well known 1699. WILLIAM BATES, an English noncatholic historian of England, died at conformist divine, died. He was chapHornby, aged 82. lain to Charles II, a man of great learning, 1854. San Juan bombarded by the and the intimate friend of the first men of United States sloop of war Cyane, captain the kingdom. Hollins; and a party landing from the 1711. The prince of Nassau, stadtholder sloop burnt the entire town, with the ex- of Friesland, was drowned in his coach ception of two small buildings. A demand while ferrying over the Hollandsdiep, near had previously been made upon the au- Moerdyk. thorities, by Capt. Hollins, for satisfaction 1719. BELL, the traveler, left St. Petersfor alleged injuries, but without effect. A burg with Ismaylof the ambassador and a 276 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 14. numerous retinue for China. They took 1789. Destruction of the Bastile, at the route by Moscow, Siberia and the Paris. This awful fortress of despotism, great Tartar deserts, and did not reach of which the name had for ages inspired Pekin until sixteen months after their de- terror, and which had withstood a vigorparture from the Russian capital, having ous siege about two centuries previous, undergone great fatigue during the jour- was invested by a mixed multitude of citiney. zens and soldiers. De Launay, the gov1741. EDWARD SYNGE, an Irish bishop, ernor, displayed a flag of truce and died. He distinguished himself for above demanded a parley, but abusing the twenty years as an active and laborious confidence which that signal inspired, he parish priest; and his tracts, written in a discharged a heavy fire of cannon and popular style, have been considered of so musketry on the besiegers. This act of much value as to require frequent editions. treachery, so far from intimidating the 1742. RICHARD BENTLEY, a celebrated people, inflamed their rage and rendered English divine and classical scholar, died. them desperate. They renewed the attack His editions of the ancient classics pro- with frenzy, and carried the prison by cured him a great reputation for learning, assault. The governor was seized and but they were made the medium for retort- massacred, and his head carried in triumph ing upon his contemporaries, who assailed through the -streets. The Bastile was him on all sides. razed to the ground, and with it the despo1748. Ain eclipse of the sun observed at tism of the French monarchy fell prosLondon. 10 digits eclipsed, and Venus trate in the dust. It cost 200,000 livres seen in a crescent form through a telescope. to demolish this edifice to its foundations, 1762. PETER III (Fedrowitch), emperor of and the materials were sold for 36,000. Russia, died in prison. He acquired the 1790. GIDEON ERNEST LAUDOHN, an Ausenmity of the nobility and clergy by trian field marshal, died. He was comtrenching upon their privileges, and intro- mander-in-chief of the Austrian forces, ducing foreign customs, and was hurled and so high was his reputation, that from his throne by a conspiracy, after a Frederic the Great of Prussia admitted reign of six months, and probably mur- that he feared nobody so much as Laudohn. dered. 1790. Grand national confederation of 1766. The grand junction canal com- France, at Paris, in the field of Mars, when menced, uniting the Trent withthe Mersey, the civic oath was administered. Accomand opening a water communication with modations were made for exhibiting at both the east and west coasts of England. one view 350,000 persons on this occasion, This great improvement was originated in a vast amphitheatre. with Brindsley, who is represented to have 1791. Commencement of the Birming"' handled rocks as you would plum pies, ham riots, which were occasioned by the and made the four elements subservient to celebration of the anniversary of the his will." French revolution, by some private indi1774. Captain FURNEAUX, who sailed in viduals. The destruction of property was the discovery ship Adventure with captain very great; Dr. Priestly's house, library, Cook, returned with the ship, having manuscripts and philosophical apparatus reached 670 10' north, and circumnavi- were totally consumed. gated the globe. 1794. British squadron captured, on 1776. WASHINGTON refused to receive a the American station, 14 sail of French letter from lord Howe, addressed to ships laden with provisions. "George Washington, Esq.," and after- 1795. The British took Simonstown, wards another addressed to "George cape of Good Hope. Washington, &c., &c., &c." The British 1796. The British post of Oswego delilion, on further study, gave his message vered up to the Americans, agreeable to the proper direction. treaty stipulations. The British had 1780. CHARLES BATTEUX, a French phi- continued to occupy stations within the losopher,.died; eminent for his erudition state of New York since the revolution. and his private virtues, and author of As they marched out the United States several works on classical literature. troops marched in, planted a standard on 1788. Congress ratified the constitution the ramparts, and fired a salute of 15 framed by the convention of which Wash- guns. ington was president, and it went into 1798. Congress passed the famous act operation the ensuing March. for the punishment of sedition, &c., 1789. Marquis DE MIRABEAU, an advo- against the United States, commonly called cate of Quesnay's sect of political econo- the gag law. mists, and author of d.mi des Hommes, 1798. Battle of Chebriessa, in Egypt, died. He was father of the fiery orator, the French under Bonaparte defeated the count Mirabeau. Mamelukes by land and water. July 14.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 277 1807. GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY, an Eng- his reign was the commencement of the lish dramatist and poet, died. He was railway from Cairo to Alexandria. bred to the profession of a printer, which 1856. ENOCH LEWIS, a prominent memhe left for the stage. His writings all tend ber of the society of Friends, died at to awaken patriotic, generous and amiable Philadelphia, aged 81. He wrote much emotions. in explanation of the principles and 1808. Battle of Riosecco, in Spain; the practice of his sect, was for many years French under Gen. Bessieres, came upon editor of the Friend's Review, and was also the united armies of Castile and Leon, and noted for his attainments in mathematics. defeated them in a desperate action, in which 20,000 Spaniards perished. This calamitous battle opened the gates of JULY 15. Madrid to Joseph Bonaparte. 1813. The United States schooner Asp, 496 B. c. Battle of Regillum, in which of twenty men and two guns, attacked by it is said the twin knights Castor and Polfive British barges; after a gallant resist- lux appeared upon white horses and asance, in which she lost ten of her men sisted the Romans. In mem3ry of this and her commander, she was abandoned event an annual cavalcade was instituted to the enemy. at Rome, during which the knights, robed 1814. The British schooner Balaboo, of in purple, and crowned with olive wreaths, six guns, captured by the American priva- rode in solemn procession from the temple teer schooner Perry of five guns, after a of Honor to the Capitol, where the censor, running fight of fifty, and a close action seated on his curule chair, passed judgof ten minutes. ment on their characters. 1817. ANNA LOUISA GERMAINE NECKER, 238. MAxIMUS and BALBINUS, emperors baroness de Stael Holstein, died. Her of Rome, murdered by the pratorian guards. talents were so early displayed that she 1099. Jerusalem taken by the crusaders was said never to have been a child, and on the 39th day of the siege. Two huge she became distinguished at an early age movable towers had been constructed, and as a writer, and by the spirit of her con- rolled with great labor to the foot of the versation. She was banished twice by fortifications. From the tops of these they Napoleon for attempting to thwart his fought the besieged on even terms till afgovernment. Her works form 17 vols. ternoon, when a warrior named Letolde 1834. EDMUND CHARLEt GENET, a French leapt upon the ramparts and was followed statesman, died. He was a minister to by all the other knights, and drove the the United States in 1793, and when Saracens down into the city. The standsuperceded he remained in the country, ard of the cross was planted in triumph and settled on the Hudson river. on the walls, and after 460 years of bond1836. ISABELLA JAMES died at Montego age, the holy city passed from under the bay, Jamaica, aged 110. Moslem yoke. The victory thus bravely 1848. A portion of the levee fell in at won, was tarnished by the ferocity of the New Orleans, by which a number of per- conquerors. The number who were slain sons were drowned and much property in the city amounted to 70,000, and the destroyed. Jews were burnt in their synagogues. 1852. The college of the Holy Cross, at 1535. TRAJAN'S floating palace (which Worcester, Mass., destroyed by fire, par- was sunk at a great depth in lake Nemi, tially damaging the library, which was Italy, 1340 years before) explored by Marotherwise wholly saved. chi in a diving machine. It was found 1853. Corn. PERRY landed at Japan, and in a tolerable state of preservation, meadelivered to the imperial commissioners suring 500 feet in length, 270 in breadth the letter from the American president. and 60 in depth. This magnificent 1853. The crystal palace opened at New work was designed for the retirement of a York, in presence of the president of the prince celebrated for his magnificent taste, United States, and many other dignitaries. and were it possible to rescue it from its 1854. Duc D'ECKLINGEN, second son of present position, or examine the interior, marshal Ney, died at Gallipoli. He com- many valuable relics might be brought to manded a brigade of cavalry in the French light, to enrich the cabinet of the antiquaarmy of the east. rian if not to subserve the use of the sciences. 1854. ABBAS PASHA, viceroy of Egypt, 1546. The protestants having assembled died at Benha, a small town on the Nile. a force of 70,000 foot, 15,000 horse, and He had reigned over Egypt since 1848. 6,000 pioneers, with 120 cannon, 800 amHe was very unpopular, and under munition wagons, 8,000 beasts of burden, his rule the population decreased, and determined to support their cause by the those that remained lived in great wretch- force of arms. They issued a manifesto, and edness. The only remarkable work of sent a letter to Charles V. (See July 20.) 278 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 15. They were, however, overcome without tians, was attacked by the Turkish admibattle, in consequence of having separated ral with 22 ships, and an attempt was themselves into small bodies early in 1547. made by the land forces to storm the cita1557. ANNE OF CLEVES, one of the del; but the Venetian fleet destroyed that queens of Henry VIII of England, died. of the Turks, and the garrison, making a The king demanded her in marriage after counter sally with 2000 men, took the having sben her picture. But the painter Turks by surprise in the rear, who fled, had flattered the beauty, and the king be- leaving 4000 dead in the trenches. coming disgusted with what he termed a 1751. JOHN WILsON, an eminent English Flanaers mare, obtained a divorce and sent botanist, died. His occupation was that her home again. She retired, seemingly un- of a shoemaker, and he ranks among the concerned, and no doubt considered it a self-elevated men, who without a liberal matter of great good fortune to have escaped education have distinguished themselves with life. by scientific and literary abilities. He 1557. A great dearth of breadstuffs in became an expert and accurate botanist England; wheat ~2 13s. 4d.; malt ~2 4s.; before Linnaeus's method of discriminating peas ~2 6d. per quarter. species improved the science, and pub1567. MARY. queen of Scots, unable by lished a Synopsis of British Plants. He entreaties or threats, to induce her follow- was the first writer that attempted a sysers to fight any longer in her cause, sur- tematic arrangement of indigenous plants rendered herself up to her disaffected in the English language. subjects, by whom she was imprisoned. 1761. DOMINICO PASSIONEI, a learned 1570. IGNATIUS AZEVEDO, a Portuguese Italian cardinal, died. He made a valuJesuit, murdered. He relinquished the able collection of books and manuscripts, enjoyment of a large fortune to embark as and was particularly distinguished as the a missionary to India, was captured by pi- friend and patron of literature. rates, and with nineteen of his compa- 1769. The general court of Massachunions, barbarously massacred, near Palma. setts refusing to make provision for the 1575. HENRY, duke of Anjou, divested support of the British soldiery, with whose of the Polish crown, in full diet, and the presence they were favored, governor Berthrone declared vacant. nard prorogued that assembly. 1610. The Halve Maan, in which the 1776. British king's ships Phcenix, Rose first white man sailed up the Hudson river, and two tenders, effected their passage to arrived at Amsterdam on her return, hav- Tarrytown, on the Hudson, under a heavy ing been detained in England since Nov. 7 cannonade from the New York batteries,&c. of the previous year. 1778. France declared war against Eng1614. PETER DE BOURDEILLES, lord-abbot land, and 40,000 men were assembled in of Brantome, in France, died. He served Normandy for the invasion of England. an apprenticeship in arms under Francis The plan was not carried into effect, beof Guise, and is supposed to have visited cause the French and Spanish fleets, which most of the countries of Europe, either in were to protect the landing, were dispersed a military capacity or as a traveler. His by contrary winds. memoirs or works wer: published in 1666, 1782. WILLIAM DE BURE died; a Paris and several editions have since been bookseller, famous for his knowledge of printed. It is represented to be a rare old, curious and valuable books. work, but has never been translated into 1785. A new mufti of Constantinople English. (Biog. Univer. says July 5, q. v.) prohibited the reading of foreign gazettes 1685. JAMES, duke of Monmouth, be- and newspapers, in whatever language they headed. He was the natural son of Charles might be written, under severe penalties. II, against whom he rebelled; and on the ac- 1789. Louis XVI, accompanied by his cession of JamesII, he invadedEngland,was two brothers, went to the states general of defeated, (See July 5,) imprisoned and final- France, and declared his determination to ly brought to the scaffold, after having made act in concert with the national assembly, a the most humiliating petitions for his life. title which he then employed for the first 1715. BELL, the Scottish traveler, left time. They returned on foot to the paSt. Petersburg for Persia, with the Rus- lace, amid the shouts and blessings of an sian embassy, in the quality of physician. immense crowd. They were obliged by the severity of the 1791. Great riot in Birmingham, Engweather to halt at Cazan and pass the win- land. Dr. Priestley's house and library ter, and were detained there till June 4, destroyed by the mob. His philosophical 1716. They then proceeded by Astraken, apparatus was the best in the world, and the Caspian sea and Tauris to Ispahan, his library and manuscripts above price, where they arrived in 1717. and not capable of being restored. 1716. The island of Corfu, besieged by 1795. Desperate engagement between a 80,000 Turks, and defended by the Vene- British private armed lugger of 12 guns, July 15.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 279 and 9 French vessels' of 65 guns alto- which enumerates the seven mortal heregether. The French were beaten off after sies of the Greeks, and devotes them to an incessant action of 18 hours. the eternal society of the devil and his 1797. The exiled French ministers were angels." The Greeks have never abanpermitted to return to France on taking an doned their errors, the popes have never oath to support the constitution. repealed the sentence, and from this thun1800. BRYAN EDWARDS died; a British derbolt we may date the consummation of West India merchant, author of an elegant the scism between the two churches. History of the West Indies, and other lesser 1212. Battle of Tolosa in Spain. the productions, connected with the islands in Moors defeated by Alphonso of Castile. that part of the world. This day became an anniversary festival 1802. THOMAS DERMODY, an Irish poet, called The triumph of the Cross. died, aged 28. He was employed as Greek 1216. INNOCENT III died; he was a steadand Latin assistant in his father's school, fast friend of king John of England. at the age of 9 years; and is said to have 1377. The baron PERCY created earl of written as much genuine poetry at 10, as Northumberland, by Richard II at his coroeither Cowley, Milton or Pope had pro- nation. duced at nearly twice that age. He was, at 1429. The town of Rheims in France was the same time, a depraved wretch, and taken from the English by Joan of Arc, died of intemperance. and on the following day the dauphin was 1807. JOSEPH MCKEEN died; an Ameri- crowned, an exploit which Joan had can mathematician, and first president of sworn to accomplish. Bowdoin college. 1439. Commencement of a direful pes1808. MURAT placed upon the throne of tilence and famine, which scourced EngNaples by Bonaparte, under the title of land and France for two years, and caused king Joachim Napoleon. He governed with an intermission of hostilities between the prudence and vigor. two countries. 1815. BONAPARTE surrendered himself 1519. The first embassy sailed from to captain Maitland, of the British ship Cortez to the king of Spain. He accomBellerophon. panied his letter by a present of all the 1819. "A steam vessel entered one of gold he had received from the king of our ports from America," says a British Mexico, including the two great wheels, writer under this date. one of gold, representing the Mexican 1834. The inquisition again abolished century, curiously wrought, valued at 10,in Spain. 000 sequins, and the other of silver, re1839. WINTHROP MACWORTH PRAED, an presenting the Mexican year, also wrought eminentEnglish orator and statesman, died. with figures in bas-relief. His object was 1853. An earthquake at Cumana, in to prepossess the king against the repreVenezuela, South America, destroyed many sentations which might be made by the edifices and killed 600 persons. governor of Cuba. 1855. The first legislature of the new 1546. ANNE ASKEW (or.$scough), an acstate of Panama, formed of the provinces complished protestant lady, after having of Panama, Azuen, Veraguos and Chi- been tortured, was burnt for heresy. It riqui, met at Panama. Justo Arogemena is remarkable that her husband was accu. was appointed superior chief. ser, the lord chancellor extortioner, and the mayor of London incendiary, in that unmanly work. JULY 16. 1640. CORNELIUS VAN TIENHOVEN, secretary of New Netherland, at the head of 523 B. C. One hour before midnight at one hundred men, made a rash attack Babylon the moon was eclipsed 6 digits on upon the Raritans, who lived at a small her northern disk. This is believed to be river five miles behind Staten island; the the 5th eclipse on record. soldiers committed excesses, which the 622. The Hegira, or Mohammedan era, Indians resented the following year. commenced. It was instituted by Omar, 1647. THOMAS ANELLO (or Massaniello), the second caliph, in imitation of the era a fisherman of Naples, killed. He headed of the martyrs, beginning with the first an insurrection, caused by the viceroy's appearance of the new moon (the cres- laying a, new tax on fruit, fish, &c. The cent), 68 days before the flight of Moham- sedition continued for ten days, when all med from Mecca to Medina. kinds of barbarity were practiced, and 1054. MICHAEL CERULARIUS, the Greek Anello became supreme dictator over 150,patriarch, excommunicated at Constanti- 000 people. He gave himself up to denople by the pope's legates. "Shaking bauchery, and was despatched by four the dust from their feet, they deposited on assassins and his body dragged through the altar of St. Sophia, a direful anathema, the streets with every mark of indignity. 280 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 16. 1676. MARIA MARGARET DE BRINVILLIERS, assembly. The same day a great number a French lady known for her intrigues and of the nobility left France. crimes, executed at Paris. She cut off her 1794. Battle of Wigoya; the Poles der3latives by poison, and spared her hus- feated the Russians. band only because he looked upon her 1795. Attack on the heights of St. Barbe crimes with indifference. at Quiberon, by the French emigrants, who 1691. FRANCIS MICHAEL LE TELLIER, a were defeated by the French under Hoche, French statesman, died. He was a great with the loss of 300. favorite with Louis XIV, who on a certain 1799. Aboukir in Egypt attacked and occasion treated him with so much cool- carried by assault by the Turks under ness that he returned home from the levee Seid Mustapha Pasha, and the whole garand died in his own apartment of vexation rison, 700 in number, put to the sword. -and grief. He was endowed with splen- The castle of Aboukir with a garrison of did talents, which he exerted for the bene- 400, also surrendered immediately after. fit of his country. 1808. Battle of Baylen, in Spain, which 1696. JOHN PEARSON, an English prelate, terminated in the defeat and capture of died; known by his valuable Exposition general Dupont and his division, one of of the Creed. the first serious reverses of Napoleon in 1710. Battle of Alamanza, in Spain; the peninsula. Philip V of France defeated by the allies 1812. Colonel CASS with 280 men atunderStanhope,with theloss of 1500killed. tacked and carried the bridge over the 1717. Battle under the walls of Bel- river Aux Canards, four miles from Malgrade; the Austrians under prince Eugene den. It was defended by a part of the defeated the Turks. British 41st regiment and some Indians. 1719. JAMES KEILL, a Scottish physician, 1815. BONAPARTE sent a flag of truce died in England; author of several valu- and entered the Bellerophon man-of-war, able medical works. captain Maitland, who proceeded with his 1736. THOMAS YALDENr, an English poet illustrious ruin to Torbay. and physician, died. His works are not 1832. The German diet, at Franckfort, the most polished, yet deserving of perusal. issued a protocol suppressing the liberty 1760. Battle of Exdorff; the prince of of the press in Baden. Brunswick defeated the Prussians, and 1833. Corner stone of New York Unitook their commander Glaubitz, the prince versity laid. of Anhalt-Cothen, and five battalions pri- 1838. GEORGE DOMBERGER, a soldier unsoners. der prince Eugene, died, aged 130. He 1761. Battle of Fillinghausen in the married for the first time when in his palatinate, between the allies under the 100th year. He was a special pensioner of hereditary prince Ferdinand, and the the emperor of Austria. French under Broglio and Soubise. The 1843. SAMUEL HAHNEMANN, founder of French were defeated with the loss of 5000 the homeopathic system of medical pracand 9 cannon; loss of the allies 1200. tice, died at Paris, aged 88. 1767. CHARLES MOLLOY, an English dra- 1849. DAVID B. OGDEN, an eminent New matic writer, died. He also conducted York attorney, diqd. For more than half Fog's Journal, and Common Sense. a century he was associated with the coun1779. Stony point taken by the Ameri- cils of the state and city of New York. cans. The assault was made at half-past 1849. Frost was seen at Pittsfield and 12 at night, when both columns rushed vicinity, although the thermometer had forward under a tremendous fire of mus- been at 900 the day before. ketry and grape shot, entered the works 1852. Louis KOSSUTH, the Hungarian reat the point of the bayonet. American volutionist, left New York in the steamloss 98 killed and wounded; British loss ship Africa, for Liverpool, under the 63 killed, 543 prisoners, with 15 cannon and assumed name of Alexander Smith. a considerable quantity of military stores. 1854. NATHANIEL BOWDITCH BLUNT, an 1780. JOHN NICHOLAS HUBERT HAYER, a eminent New York attorney, died at LeFrench ecclesiastic, died. His works dis- banon Springs. play great zeal and learning. 1854. A day of humiliation and prayer 1794. MARKr ANTHONY CHARRIER, a observed at Bombay, and all over India, French lawyer, beheaded at Paris. He by the natives as well as the Europeans, was a member of the states general, and for the success of the British arms. boldly opposed all innovations. 1856 A formidable insurrection which 1786. Treaty of peace between the em- had broken out at Madrid in Spain two peror of Morocco and the United States. days before, was suppressed after a san1789. The parliament of Paris insulted guinary contest of 30 hours. the king by a vote of thanks, but communi- 1857. PIERRE JEAN DE BERANGER, a cated their resolution only to the national French lyric poet, died, aged 77. His July 16.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 281 songs are at once a storehouse of gayety 1793. MARIE JOSEPH CHALIER, a French and satire, and a record of the history of revolutionist, guillotined. He was an adhis time. mirer of the sanguinary character of Marat, whom he determined to imitate at Lyons, JULY 17. where he was a merchant. He erected a guillotine, and had already marked 900 855. LEO IV, pope, died. He was a wise victims for sacrifice, when he fell into the and courageous pontiff, who, when the snare himself. Saracens approached Rome to pillage it, 1793. MARIE ANNE CHARLOTTE CORDAY boldly marched out to meet them, unsup- D'ARMANS, the assassin of Marat, executed. ported by the emperors of the east or the She gained admittance to him while bathwest. The Saracens were defeated with ing, and when he declared some of his great slaughter, and the captives employed bloody designs, she plunged a dagger to to adorn and fortify'the city they had come his heart. She was 24 years of age, posto destroy. The famous pope Joan suc- sessed rare charms of person, united with ceeded for a few days to the papal chair. great courage, and was actuated by a sense 1085. ROBERT GUISCARD, duke of Apulia, of duty in ridding the world of a monster, died at Corfu. He was a famous Norman at the expense of her own life. knight, who assisted in the conquest of 1793. The crown revenue of Poland seNaples from the Saracens. Iquestered by order of the Russian ambas1429. CHARLES VII, of France, crowned sador. at Rheims. Joan of Are, his supporter, 1796. JOHN CHRISTIAN HARTWICK, a Luwas seated on horseback, helmeted, at his theran.divine, died at Clermont, N. Y., right side, with her triumphal banner un- aged about 90. He was eminent for his furled. classical knowledge and literary abilities, 1453. JOHN TALBOT, earl of Shrewsbury, and spent 62 years in the gospel ministry. killed. He distinguished himself in the He left a large estate for the promotion of reduction of Ireland, of which he was made religious purposes. governor by Herlry V. This brave war- 1796. JOHN BAPTIST SECONDAT DE MoNrior, who was the terror of the French, and TESQUIEu, died. He was a son of the celeacquired the title of the English Achilles, brated Montesquieu, and devoted himaccompanied the English army to France, self to agricultural pursuits. IIe published and took several towns; but was finally several agricultural and scientific works. killed in battle, near Castillon. 1806. RICHARD JOSEPH SULLIVAN, an 1525. An act of the English parliament English writer,,died. His works consist was passed prohibiting the importation of of travels, history, &c., &c. any of Luther's books into England. 1812. American privateer schooner 1530. TINDAL'S translation of the Pen- Dolphin, 2 guns, captain Endicott, captateuch was published at Marlborow (Mar- tured a British ship of 14 guns. She took burg), in the land of Hesse. The violence six other prizes. of the times rendered concealment neces- 1812. Fort Michilimackinac with a garrisary. son of 57 United States troops, capitulated 1652. EDWARD SACKVILLE, earl Dorset, to the British, 306 men, 715 Indians. an English statesman, died. He was also 1812. United States frgiate Constitution sent with an army into Bohemia, and fell in with a British squadron, from which fought at the battle of Prague 1620. she effected her escape by the masterly 1755. The British East India ship Dod- seamanship of captain Hull, after a chase dington lost, and only 23 out of 273 per- of 60 hours. sons saved. 1813. A small number of volunteers 1556,. Battle of Valenciennes; the-prince with 40 soldiers from fort George, in two of Conde and don John of Austria, defeat- row-boats, captured at the head of the ed the French under Turenne and La river St. Lawrence, a British gun-boat, Ferte; the latter was captured. The mounting a 24 pounder, and 14 bateaux French army was saved by the masterly laden with 230 barrels of pork, and 200 manoeuvres of Turenne. bags of bread, and took 4 officers and 61 1679. JAMES DUPORT, an English divine, men. died, whose great erudition as a classical 1813. British and Indians made an atscholar is evinced in the learned works tack on an outwork of the garrison at fort which he published. George, but were repulsed. 1786. Thirteen elm trees removed by a 1832. JOHN CARR, an English tourist, storm in Devonshire, Eng., 200 yards died at London; well known as a writer where they afterwards took root. of tours and travels. 1791. The first bank in Albany began 1853. An exhibition of relics was made to discount, being the present bank of at Aix-la-Chapelle, when more than 60,Albany. 000 pilgrims entered the city to see them 36 282 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 17. 1854. The first party sent out under the died. He waged an active war with Ausauspices of the Massachusetts emigrant tria, in which he was successful, till death aid society, left Boston for the territory of stopped his career. Kansas. 1656. Battle of Warsaw, which continu1854. The American steamer Franklin, ed three days. from Cowes for New York, went ashore on 1675. The Narragansets, posted in a Long island beach, and was lost; the mails swamp were attacked by the colonists and and passengers were safely landed. defeated. They retreated to their recesses, 1854. GEORGE C. WASHINGTON, a nephew where they remained till they discovered of generalWashington, died at Georgetown. that it was determined to surround and He had been twice a member of congress, starve them out, when they found means from his district in Maryland, was presi- of escape. dent of the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, 1694. A body of 250 Indians under the and commissioner for the settlement of In- sieur de Villieu fell with great fury on a dian claims. All his duties were performed village at Oyster river, in New Hampshire, with faithful attention and marked ability. and killed and captivated about a hun1854. An insurrection broke out at Mad- dred persons, and burnt 20 houses. rid, and barriers were erected by the peo- 1683. Battle under the walls of Vienna; ple in all parts of the city. the Turks defeated by the combined arm1856. A collision occurred on the North4 ies under John Sobieski of Poland. The Pennsylvania rail road, near Philadelphia, vanquished fled with precipitation, leaving when a Sunday school excursion on one behind them the standard of Mahomet. of the trains had 60 killed and 78 wounded. 1705. The duke of MARLBOROUGH de1856. The steam boat Northern Indiana feated the French near Tirelemont, for was burnt on lake Erie, and over 30 per- which victory a thanksgiving was ordered sons lost. in England. 1856. While a fire was raging at Saloni- 1761. THOMAS SHERLOCK, an eminent ca, Turkey, a terrific explosion of gun- English prelate, died. His controversial powder occurred, killing and wounding works and sermons are well known. His 700 persons, among whom were the Dutch, private virtues were adorned with the Russian and Sardinian consuls. purest acts of benevolence and humanity. 1775. A party of Americans under col. Ashe entered fort Johnson, on cape Fear JULY 18. river, in the dead of night, and burnt it, with the houses and other buildings. The 390 B. c. Battle of Allia, a river in Italy; governor, Martin, retired on board the the Romans defeated by the Gauls under king's ship Cruzier. Brennus, who destroyed the city, except 1782. GABRIEL FRANCIS COYER, a French the capitol. writer, died. He was originally a Jesuit, 1009. JOHN XVIII, pope, died. He was but abandoned the society for literature. a Roman; after him the right of election He wrote bagatelles, morals, history, biopassed from the Roman people to the graphy, travels, &c., all in a popular style, clergy. He resigned the dignity some time and translated Blackstone. before his death, and died in the obscurity 1786. JOHN BASEILLAC DE ST. COSME, an of a monastry. eminent lithotomist, died at Paris. His 1100. GODFREY DE BOUILLION, one of the instruments were much used formerly. heroes of the crusades, died. He was the 1790. ADAM SMITH, a celebrated Scottish son of a French count, defeated the armies philosopher, died. His Wealth of Nations of the sultan with great slaughter, and procured him immediate fame and emolumade himself master of all Palestine. He ment. His Life of Hume marks him a deist. was elected king of Jerusalem, as a reward 1792. KosCIUSKO at the head of 5,000 for his activity and heroism, which he de- Poles, gave battle to the Russians, 14,000 dined for the humbler appellation of the in number, and was defeated with the loss duke of the holy sepulchre. of 1,100. 1390. On this and the two following 1792. JOHN PAUL JONES died in Paris. days the parish clerks of London played He was distinguished as a seaman. Yet interludes before Richard II and his queen, though both in the United States and at Skinnerswells. Russian service, he died in neglected 1566. WILLIAM RONDELET, a French poverty. anatomist, died. He wrote a Latin treatise 1794. The French under Moreau took on fishes, 2 vols. folio, and various tracts Nieuwpoort, in Belgium; 300 emigrant prion medicine, afterwards collected into a soners taken were shot. volume. His death was occasioned by'1802. DUMAREsQ, a British admiral, died, eating figs to excess. aged 73. He boasted that he had never 1639. BERNARD, duke of Saxe-Weimar, employed a physician or a lawyer. July 18.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 283 1806. Sale of the Leverian museum con- JULY 19. eluded. It was pronounced by those who had visited the most celebrated museums 64. The firing of Rome in the reign of of Europe to be superior to any of them. Nero is placed by des Vignoles on the 19th The sale occuplbd 65 days. It was founded July; the day also on which it was sacked by sir Ashton Lever. by the Senonian Gauls. (See June 18.) 1806. The strong fortress of Gaeta sur- 1203. Fall of Constantinople to the Verendered to the armies of France, after a nitian crusaders, when Isaac Angelus, feedesperate resistance. ble and blind, was solemnly reseated, with 1814. AKIM NICHOLAEVITCH MAKHIMOV, his son Alexius, upon the imperial throne. a Russian poet, died. His poem called the 1242. Battle of Taillebourg, upon the Speaking Monkeys, composed in derision of Charente, in France. The French king, at Napoleon's attempt to take Moscow, is the head of a vast and superior force, carmuch admired. ried the bridge, and the English under 1817. JANE AUSTEN, an English author- Henry, the royal palmer, after a desperate ess, died. Her writings were principally stand, gave way, and were driven with novels,which havelately been republished. rapidity to Saintes. 1820. The first chain bridge in England 1333. EDWARD III defeated the Scots at thrown over the Tweed, captain Brown Halidown with great slaughter, which dearchitect. The river 437 feet wide. feat was followed by the surrender of Ber1835. WILLIAM COBBETT, a powerful and wick which Edward annexed to England. original English writer, died. He was 1374. FRANCESCO PETRARCA, the celeeditor of the Register more than thirty brated Italian poet, died, aged 70. His years, during which time he made him- talents and learning contributed greatly to self sufficiently conspicuous as a violent the revival of literature, and he has been and somewhat fickle politician. He was an justly styled the father of modern poetry. extraordinary man, and the oracle of a 1573. JOHN CAIUS, an English physician, multitude of his countrymen. died. He visited the most learned institu1839. Rev. WILLIAM WHITE, bishop of tions in Europe to improve himself in his Pennsylvania, died. He was one of the profession, and when he finally settled in first elected as chaplain to the United London became extremely popular as a States congress. practitioner. He endowed a college, which 1844. JESSE BUSHYHEAD, a person of bears his name. great distinction among his tribe, and 1610. The foundation of the famed and chief justice of the supreme court of the valuable Bodlein library was laid at OxCherokees, died. He was a correct trans- ford. lator. 1629. Quebec capitulated t'o the English 1848. The Mexican agitator, PAREDES, under Louis and Thomas Kerth. This was defeated by Bustamente at Guanajanto, 130 years before its final conquest by and totally routed. The belligerent priest, Wolfe. padre Jurauta was captured and immedia- 1693. Battle of Landon in which the tely shot. confederates were defeated by the French 1848. The Indians, in Yucatan, repulsed with great slaughter. at all points, and the towns in their pos- 1701. The confederated tribes of Indians session retaken by the whites. The In- surrendered to the English, at Albany, dians at this time were waging a war of their beaver hunting country, lying beextermination against the whites. tween lakes Ontario and Erie, to be by 1853. The Atlantic and St. Lawrence them defended for the said confederated rail road,, from Portland to Montreal, was Indians, their heirs and successors forever. opened throughout its whole length of 1743. WILLIAM SOMERVILLE, an English two hundred and ninety miles. poet, died. On the completion of his 1854. A tremendous hurricane prevailed education he settled on his paternal estate, at Davenport,l11., causing great destruc- became known as a magistrate and a countion of life and property. try gentleman, and devoted his leisure to 1854. A negro woman died in Virginia, the muses. aged 140. 1763. NATHANIEL HOOKE, an English 1855. W. R. HENRY, a late captain of historian, died. He is little known, exthe Texas volunteers, issued a proclama- cept by his History of Rome, 4 volumes 4to. tion to the people of Texas and the Mexi- 1777. Logan's fort, Kentucky, besieged cans, that he and his companions intended by 200 Indians. The garrison consisting to cross the Rio Grande, to aid in over- of 16 men, who repelled the savages. throwing Santa Anna, and in establishing 1779. Battle of Paulus Hook; the Brita government more favorable to the inter- ish garrison surprised and made prisoners ests of Texas. by the Americans under general Lee. The commandant of the fort and a few Hessians 284 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 19. escaped; 30 were killed and 161 taken. became suddenly popular, and was raised American loss 6 killed or wounded. to the throne; but was as suddenly de1783. JOB ORTON, an excellent English posed and banished. His execution was dissenting divine, died; author of many occasioned by'his return. valuable works, among which is a life of 1836. LEFEBURE DE CHEVERUS, arch Dr. Doddridge. bishop of Bordeaux, died. He came to 1794. A revolution commenced at Ge- America after the French revolution, and neva in Switzerland, headed by two com- was consecrated first catholic bishop of missioners of the French revolution resid- Boston, 1810. lie was a man of distining there. guished talents, and extensive scientific 1806. Action off Feroe islands, between and literary acquirements. He returned British frigate Blanche and French frigate to France at the invitation of Louis Guerrier, 50 guns, 317 men. The latter XVIII. was captured in 45 minutes, with the loss 1848. ROBERT SWARTWOUT died; quarterof 26 killed, 30 wounded; British loss, 4 master general in the war of 1812, and afwounded. The Guerrier was taken from terwards known as a politician. the British by captain Hull, in 1812. 1849. HARMANUS BLEECKER, a prominent 1808. Battle of Baylen, in Spain; the and universally respected citizen of Albany, French under Dupont defeated by the died, aged 70. IHe was minister for the Spaniards. Dupont and 2,600 fell, after a United States at the Hague for several desperate action from 3 o'clock in the years. morning till noon, when the French sued 1849. GEORGE TIBBITS of Troy, well for terms..A convention was agreed upon, known in the councils and commerce of by which they were to lay down their the state of New York, died. arms, and be conveyed to France; accord- 1849. The excavation for the passage of ingly 14,000 soldiers defiled before the the double track of the Utica and SchenecSpanish army, laid down their arms, and tady rail way through the rock at Little all their military accoutrements, and were Falls, Herkimer county, New York, was conducted to Cadiz. The officers were sent completed. 30,000 yards of granite were home, but the soldiers were placed in taken out and 1,600 kegs of powder conhulks, where they remained some years; sumed in the operation. until the few that survived the miseries of 1853. The Danish parliament was protheir confinement, driven to despair, cut rogued, and a fundamental law issued, by the cables of their prison-ships, drifted which the government became an absolute out of the harbor, and were saved by their one. countrymen then besieging Cadiz. 1854. The insurrection at Madrid (see 1810. The king of Prussia issued a de- 17th) triumphed, and the Rivas ministry cree forbidding American vessels to enter resigned. his ports. 1855. JOSEPH L. FOLSOM, first collector 1812. Battle at the bridge Aux Canards. of the customs at San Francisco, died, 150 volunteers under colonel M'Arthur aged 38. He was educated at West Poi:it, while reconnoitering fell into an ambush and after serving in Florida, went to Caliand were fired upon by a party of In- fornia with a New York regiment in 1847. dians under Tecumseh. The Indians were He was reputed the richest man in Calirouted.. fornia. 1812. United States brig Nautilus, 12 1857. A fire broke out in Taiefa, Portuguns, captured by a squadron of British gal, which spread over an immense disfrigates. trict of agricultural country, consuming a 1814. Action off Sandy hook, between vast quantity of standing grain, country the United States privateer Gen. Armstrong houses, barns, &c. and British sloop Henrietta; the latter was captured, laden with stores for the fleet in Chesapeake bay. JULY 20. 1814. MATTHEW FLaNDERS, an English navigator, died. He explored a part of 1322 B. c. The great Canicular cycle of the coast of New Holland; but lost his the Egyptians, consisting of 1460 years,' ship in that enterprise, and on his return began with the sun in Cancer, 15 days afhome was held a captive inr the isle of ter the summer solstice. Its first revoluFrance 6 years, and deprived of his tion was just completed with the reign of papers. -Adrian, 138 A. D.; its second in the time 1824. AUGUSTIN ITURBIDE, emperor of of Shakspeare, 1598. The famous exMexico, shot. He entered the army at a pedition of the Argonauts, and the foundavery early age. In 1820 he took up arms tion of the Pythian games, are events for the cause of freedom, and led his army which chronologists have placed sixty years on to a, series of splendid victories. He afterwards. July 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 285 44 B. c. The customary games in memo- in the size of the vessels as well as in ry of Caesar's victories were exhibited by number. Octavius upon this day, dedicated to Venus 1794. A revolutionary tribunal estabMater, when he produced the hero's golden lished at Geneva, in Switzerland; about spectatorial chair. The anniversary is in- 2,000 persons arrested; 200 on the proteresting from the fact of a comet having scription list escaped. appeared near the Great Bear, which was 1814. General BROWN moved his whole visible for seven days. force upon fort George, but not being sup1031. ROBERT (the Wise), king of France, ported by the fleet on account of Comn. died. He refused the crown of the em- Chauncey's illness, fell back on the 22d to pire and of Italy, satisfied to rule his own Queenstown. subjects, for whose happiness he labored 1814. The British -fort St. Joseph taken earnestly. possession of by colonel Croghan. 1164. PETER LOMBARD, bishop of Paris, 1814. Privateer general ARMSTRONG ardied; called Master of the Sentences, from rived at New York, having captured 11 a work of his by that name, which has vessels. been ably commented on by succeeding 1819. JOHN PLAYFAIR, a celebrated Scotdivines. tish mathematician, died. He was also 1546. The emperor CHARLES V placed eminent as a geologist and geographer. the protestant confederates under the ban His largest work is a system of geography of the empire; whereupon they declared in 5 volumes. war upon him. (See July 15.) 1825. WILLIAM BROWN, a celebrated gem 1553. Lady Jane Grey's nine days' usur- engraver, died. He was first patronized pation terminated. by Catharine of Russia, and subsequently 1620. Massacre of the protestants in the by the king of France; but the storm of Valteline in Switzerland. It began on this the revolution drove him from Paris to day and extended to all the towns of the London, where he executed many excellent district; it was a labor of three days. works. 1650. JOHN PRIDEAUX, an English pre- 1843. The Chinese city Chin-kekng-foo late, died. He rose from the ranks of was captured by the British forces under poverty and dependence to be bishop of sir H. Pottinger. Worcester; and sunk back again to his 1844. JOHN HALSAM, a British author on original level rather than compromise with insanity, died in London. the republicans. 1852. The obsequies of Henry Clay 1655. ROBERT BROOKE died; he was the celebrated with the greatest pomp and first settler in Patuxent, Maryland. magnificence in New York. The city was 1691. ADRIAN AUGUSTIN DE BussY DELA- shrouded in mourning, business was susMET, a French ecclesiastic, died. He was pended, and the shipping wore their colors of a noble family, and wrote among other at half-mast. things a Dictionary of Cases of Conscience, 1854. CAROLINE BOWLES, widow of 2 volumes folio. Southey,.died at Buckland, England; a 1704. PEREGRINE WHITE, the first-born poetess of some merit. of Plymouth colony, died at Marshfield, 1855. A great portion of the village of aged nearly 84. Chamouni, in Savoy, destroyed by fire. 1752. JOHN CHRISTOPHER PEPUSCH, an 1857. THOMAS DICK, a Scottish astronoeminent Prussian musician, died in Eng- mer, died near Dundee, aged 83. His land. His abilities were so early displayed, Christian Philosopher and some other works that at the age of 14 he was employed are popular in both continents. to teach music to the prince royal at Berliii. JULY 21. 1759. The English general, PRIDEAUX, commanding the enterprise against Nia- 1756 A. M. The window of the ark gara, while directing the operations of the opened 40 days after the appearance of the siege, was killed by the bursting of a co- tops of the mountains, 1st of 10th month, horn. (June 11). See Nov. 2. 1779. DOUGAL GRAHAM (the Rhymer), 330 B. c. DARIUS III (Codomanus), the chronicler of the events of the rebellion last king of the ancient Persian empire, of 1741, died. assassinated. He was conquered byAlexan1788. Action off Hoogland between the der the Great, and treacherously slain by Russian fleet of 17 ships, and Swedish fleet Bessus, governor of Bactria, his own geneof 15. It continued from 5 P. M. till near ral, who hoped to succeed to the sovereignmidnight, and ended in the defeat of the ty. With his death the Persian empire Russians, who had one ship sunk and one became extinct, after a lapse of 228 years of 74 guns and 780 men captured. The from its establishment by Cyrus. Swedish fleet was inferior to the Russian 365. A memorable earthquake which 286 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 21. shook the greatest part of the Roman ples; one of the most celebrated political world, and deluged the lower shores of economists of the last century. the Mediterranean. The city of Alexandria 1789. M. FOULON and his son-in-law, annually commemorated the fatal day, in BERTHIER, massacred at Paris; they are which 50,000 inhabitants lost their lives numbered as the 8th and 9th victims of in that inundation. the revolution. 1403. Battle of Shrewsbury, between 1796. ROBERT BURNS, the Scottish poet, Henry IV and Henry Percy (Hotspur). died. In the humble employment of a Their numbers were matched and the ploughman, he discovered a most extramutual slaughter was immense; several ordinary genius, which has given to his earls, 2,300 gentlemen, and 6,000 privates productions an enduring fame. were slain. Hotspur was brained by an 1797. PETER THELLUSON, a Swiss resident English cloth yard, and his rival in execu- in London, died. He accumulated an imtion, Douglas, was taken prisoner. But mense property, the bulk of which he left for the disparity in prudence, the dynasty to be funded till it should amount to upon the English throne would probably ~140,000,000, when, if he should have have been reversed. (20th? 22d?) no lineal descendants, it was to be applied 1575. FRANCIS MARULLO, or Maurolico, to the sinking fund of Great Britain. abbot of Messina and an eminent astrono- 1798. Battle of the Pyramids in Egypt. mer, died. Owing to the illiberality of the Murad with 22 other beys were defeated age in which he lived much of his treatise by the French under Bonaparte, with the on comets was suppressed. loss of 40 cannon, 40 camels, and their 1586. THOMAs CAVENDISH sailed upon whole baggage and provisions. Cairo suran American expedition, at his own ex- rendered to the king of fire, as the Mamepense, in three ships, with 123 persons, lukes termed the combative Corsican, and victualed for 2 years, and circumnavigated the whole of Lower Egypt submitted to the earth. It was the second English his'arms. voyage round the world, and was effected 1814. The inquisition reestablished in in two years and two months, with the loss Spain by Ferdinand. It had been susof two of his ships. On his voyage he pended during the reign of Bonaparte. pillaged and burnt several Spanish settle- 1815. HARRIET ACEKLAND died in Engments on the west coast of America. land, aged 66. Her husband was wounded 1667. Treaty of Breda, between the and taken prisoner at Saratoga in 1777, English, French and Dutch, when New and the interest felt for her on the occaYork was exchanged for Surinam, and sion, and the hardships and dangers she Antigua and Montserrat restored to the encountered have made her the subject of British. history. 1601. PETER AIRAULT died; a magistrate 1827. ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE, if not the of Paris of great integrity and firmness, by most fortunate by far the most eminent which he acquired the title of the rock of publisher that ever adorned the Scottish the accused. capital, died. He directed the printing 1637. DANIEL SENNERTUS, a learned Ger- and publishing of the Edinburgh Review, man physician, died. He was the son of &c. a shoemaker, rose to great celebrity, and 1831. LEOPOLD, king of Belgium, made was one of the first to introduce the study his entry into Brussels, and took the oath of chemistry among his pupils. of the constitution. 1683. WILLIAM RUSSEL, duke of Bedford, 1832. The sultan of Turkey gave his asexecuted. This was one of the arbitrary sent to the extension of the Greek frontier, measures of the reign of Charles II. An as required by the London conference, attempt was afterwards made to satisfy the from the gulf of Arta to that of Volo, and ends of justice in this affair by seeking out recognized the independence of the Greek the instigators of the deed, and restoring states. his family to their privileges and estates. 1838. JOHN MAELZEL, an ingenious Ger1688. JAMES BUTLER, duke of Ormond, man mechanist, died. He visited many died; a celebrated statesman and warrior countries of Europe and America with in the reign of Charles II, to whose restora- Kempelin's automaton chess-player, which tion he materially contributed. he improved by giving it the powers of 1772. PETER BARRAL, a French eccle- speech. He also invented several automata siastic, died. He distinguished himself of surprising powers, which are familiar by the production of several useful works, throughout the country. and among them a historical dictionary. 1848. The cities of Dublin and Water1773. Pope CLEMENT XIV signed the ford proclaimed by the lord lieutenant of famous bull which pronounced the extinc- Ireland to be under the coercion act. tion of the society of Jesuits. 1849. ELIZABETH DODD died at Stephens, 1788. GAETANO FILANGIERI died at Na- New Brunswick, aged 111. July 22.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 287 1849. EBENEZER MACK, long and favora- Rembrant, whom he rivaled in merit and bly known as a distinguished printer and popularity. the conductor of the largest book establish- 1676. Pope CLEMENT X died. He was ment in western New York, died at Ithaca. a Roman, and in disposition mild. 1853. THOMAS P. MOORE died at Harrods- 1686. City of Albany incorporated. burg, Ky., aged 57; an officer in the war 1698. CLAUDE BOYER, a dramatic writer, of 1812, member of congress, minister to died at Paris. Colombia in 1829, and lieutenant-colonel 1704. Gibraltar (Gebel al Taric, the in the regular army in Mexico. mountain of Tarik, where the Saracens 1855. The fortress of Frederickshamm landed), taken by the British under sir was attacked by the allied fleet, and its Geo. Rooke, in whose possession it has garrison driven out. ever since continued. 1706. Treaty for the union of Scotland with England signed. It was ratified by JULY 22. parliament and queen Anne, and went into operation May 1, the following year. 310 B. C. The Carthaginians defeated 1734. PETER KING, chancellor of EngAgathocles, who nevertheless carried the land, died. He was a grocer and salter in war into Africa. his boyhood, that being the trade of his 711. RODERICK, the last of the Goths, is father; but his genius soared to higher ocoverthrown by Tarik, or Xeres, upon the cupations, and he became a student. His Guadelete, in Spain. abilities were appreciated and rewarded 1298. Battle of Falkirk; the Scots under by a succession of high and responsible Wallace defeated with great slaughter by offices. the English under Edward I. Wallace 1763.'JOHN DALTON, an English divine, escaped, but his sun had now sunk forever, died. He prepared Milton's masque of and the remainder of his life was spent in Comus for the stage; sought out the poet's his native forests, a fugitive. The num- grand-daughter, then overwhelmed with ber of slain in the Scottish army is by age and poverty, and procured her a benefit some represented as high as 50,000. Guy, which produced ~120. His works consist earl of Warwick, " the black dog of Ar- of sermons, poems, &c. den," then a young adventurer for fame, 1776. The foundation stone of the farsignalized his prowess in the ranks of famed observatory on Calton hill, near Edward on this occasion. Edinburgh, Scotland, was laid. 1403. Battle of Shrewsbury, in which 1779. Battle of Minisink. the forces under Douglas, Percy and Owen 1793. The city of Mentz surrendered to Glendower were defeated, and the earl of the Prussians. Northumberland's son, Henry Holspur, 1794. JOHN BENJAMIN DE LA BORDE, a slain. French writer, guillotined. He was valet 1461. CHARLES VII, king of France, to Louis XV, upon whose death he was died. He succeeded in driving the Eng- appointed farmer-general. lish from has kingdom,- by the assistance 1802. Action between the United States of Joan of Arc; but having restored peace frigate Constellation, captain Murray, and he relapsed into sensuality, and died of 9 Tripolitan gun boats. Four of them anguish and starvation at the undutiful were driven on shore, and the remainder conduct of his son. took shelter in Tripoli. 1534. JOHN FRITH and ANDREW HEWET 1802. MARIE FRANCIS XAVIER BICHAT burnt at Smithfield for heretical opinions an eminent French physician and author, relative to the sacrament; Henry VIII king. died, aged 31. 1575. PETERS and TURWERT, two ana- 1805. Action off Feroll, between the baptists, burnt at Smithfield, in presence British fleet, 11 sail, and the French and of an immense crowed of spectators. Spanish fleets, in which the latter were 1581. RICHARD Cox, bishop of Ely, died. defeated with the loss of two large ships He was the chief framer of the liturgy, captured. and translator of the Bible, called TIhe 1807. Battle of Novoleski; the advance Bishop's Bible, made in thereign. of Eliza- of the Russians under prince Bagration beth. defeated a strong body of French chas~ 1589. HENRY III, of France, assassinated. seurs with great slaughter, taking only 150 His reign was distracted by the quarrels prisoners. Bagration rushed on, and near between the catholics and protestants, till Mohiloff a sanguinary action took place. he fell a victim to the zeal of a priest French loss 4,000; Russians lost 3,000. named Clement, and the house of Valois 1812. Battle of Salamanca, in Spain; the became extinct. British under Wellington defeated the 1674. GERBRANT VANDEN EECKHOUT, a French under Marmont, who lost an arm. Dutch painter, died. He was a pupil oi Of the French, 7,000 were taken prisoners, 288 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 22. -and it was owing to the night and Clausel's 1562. G(ETZ VON BERLICHINGEN (with the skill and science that the army was saved iron hand), a bold, restless and warlike from destruction. British loss 5,220. German knight, died. He placed himself 1813. GEORGE SIHAW died; an eminent at the head of the rebellious peasantry in English naturalist and writer on zoology, the war which they waged against their and principal keeper of natural history in oppressors, but was soon taken prisoner. the British museum. 1584. ELIZABETH RUSSEL died; an Eng1823. WILLIAM BERTRAM, a distinguished lish lady, distinguished for a well cultiAmerican botanist died, aged 82. His vated mind and a taste for literature. father was the first American who con- 1584. JOHN DAY, an eminent English ceived and carried into effect the design of printer, died. He was the first who printed a botanical garden, for the cultivation of in Greek and Saxon characters in England, American plants as well as exotics. and is deserving of remembrance for his 1826. JOSEPH PIAZZI, a celebrated astro- enterprise in the publication of many exnomer, died at Palermo. He made a new tensive works, the effect of which was to catalogue of the stars, consisting of 7,646, facilitate the progress of the reformation. and in 1801 discovered an eighth planet, 1588. Date of the oldest preserved newswhich he named Ceres Ferdinandia. He paper in England, the English Mercurie, by is the author of several scientific works. queen Elizabeth. It had been printed at 1832. FRANCIS CHARLES JOSEPH BONA- intervals before, as this was the fiftieth PARTE, duke of Reichstadt, died, aged 21. number, and is still preserved in the BritHe was the only son of Napoleon Bona- ish museum. It is printed in the Roman parte and Maria Louisa; is said to have character. (May 28.) possessed distinguished talents, united 1602. The lacteals discovered by Caspar with great kindness of disposition, and Asselli, while dissecting a dog. The disearly gave indications that his ruling pas- covery was accidental. sion was military ambition. 1627. ROBERT SHIRLEY, a native of Eng1833. WILLIAM THOMPSON died at Hickory land, died in Persia. He made a visit to hill, Baltimore county, Md., aged 112. Persia, and was induced to settle there; 1836. ARMAND CARREL, a French repub- became a favorite with the emperor, who lican. killed in a duel. He was principal gave him his niece in marriage, and sent editor of the Nationel of Paris. A monu- him as his ambassador to Poland and ment by David is over his grave. England. 1839. Ghuznee, one of the strongest 1637. The cuttie stool thrown by a woplaces in Asia, defended by a garrison of man at the head of the bishop, in St. Giles's 3,500 Afghans, under a son of the exking church, Edinburgh. of Cabul, was taken by the British under 1691. HENRY S>LOUGHTER, governor of general Keane; 500 of the garrison being the province of New York, died, after a killed and the rest taken. British loss short, weak and turbulent administration, about 200. and was buried in Stuyvesant's vault, next 1850. SARAH MARGARET FULLER D'OS- to the old Dutch governor. SOLI, a distinguished American authoress, 1692. GILES MENAGE, a learned French with her husband and child, perished near author, died. He acquired the title of the Fire island, on their homeward passage to Varro of his time, and became so popular New York. that Mazarin even was jealous of him. He 1852. EXCELMANS, a noted French gene- left numerous valuable works. ral, died at Paris, aged 77. He first gained 1712. ACHILLE DE HARLEY died; first distinction under Oudinot, in 1799; com- president of the parliament of Paris, and manded a part of the cavalry at Waterloo, an upright magistrate. and was raised to the dignity of marshal 1741. Battle of Williamstadt, in Sweden, of France. between the Russians and Swedes. 1854. A new planet was discovered by 1752. ALEXANDER POLITI, an Italian the astronomer Hind, from the observatory professor of great learning, died at Pisa. at Regents park, London. He published an edition of Eustathius's Commentary on Homer, with a Latin transJULY 23. lation, and notes, 5 vols. folio; a labor of great value. 1401. The city of Bagdad sacked by the 1757. Zittau, in Saxony, bombarded, Tartars under Tamerlane (TimourtheLame,) taken and destroyed by the Austrians; the who erected on her ruins a pyramid of inhabitants, as well as the Prussian troops 90,000 heads. who defended it were put to the sword. 1531. Treaty of Nuremberg between 1758. Battle of Sangershausen; the Charles V and the reformers, and soon Hessians defeated by the French under after solemnly ratified by the diet of Ratis- Soubise; who, although victorious, lost bon. 2,000 men. July 23.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 289 1765. In Lapland, 120 reindeer were government forces under generals Cruz struck dead by lightning. and Guitianl, and drove them from the 1773. GEORGE EDWARDS, styled the city. father of ornithologists, died, aged 81. He was apprenticed to a trade, but as soon as JULY 24. his indentures expired he began to travel, and extended his researches into various 634. ABUBEKIR, father-in-law of Mohamcountries of Europe. The first volume of med, the Arabian prophet, died. He was his work appeared in 1743, and the whole elected caliph, and supported with energy was completed in 1764, in 7 vols. 4to, the fabric already erected by the founder containing engravings and descriptions of of the new religion. He subdued the upwards of 600 subjects in natural his- disaffected tribes at home, and turned his tory never before delineated. arms successfully against foreign invaders. 1779. The Minisink settlements in 1313. RALPH DE BALDOCK, bishop of Orange co., N. Y., attacked by the Indians London, died. He wrote a history of under Brant, by whom it was also plun- British affairs, now lost, andwas a virtuous dered-and burnt, and the inhabitants either and charitable prelate, and a man of killed or carried away. learning and judgment. 1780. Battle in North Carolina, between 1322. BRUCE, after ravaging the western 300 militia under colonel Lock, and the marches in England during 24 days, British and tories under Moore. The latter returned home with his wagons filled with kroposed a cessation of hostilities for one plunder. hour, which being agreed to, he decamped 1411. Battle between the Gaelic and with his party. Lowland Scottish factions, led by the earl 1785. The Germanic union concluded; of Mar, and Donald of the Isles. This the last act of importance of the life of battle was of the highest importance, since Frederick II. it decided the superiority of the more 1793. ROGER SHERMAN, one of the sign- civilized regions of Scotland over those ers, died. inhabited by the Celtic tribes, who remain1794. ALEXANDER BEAUHARNAIS, a ed almost as savage as their forefathers, the French general, guillotined. He served Dulriads. in the American war under Rochambeau, 1520. HENRY STEPHENS, a celebrated was some time president of the national French printer, the founder of the family assembly of France, afterwards command- of that name, died at Lyons. ed the army of the Rhine, and in 1793 1527. FRANCISCO ALVAREZ, a Spanish was minister of war. He was condemned traveler, returned from an expedition to on a false accusation, and perished at the Africa. He accompanied an embassy from age of 34. His widow, Josephine, was the the king of Portugal to David, king of first wife of Bonaparte. Abyssinia, in 1515. The expedition met 1800. JOHN FRANCIS VAUVILLIERS, a with many obstacles, and did not arrive learned Greek scholar, died. He was for till 1520. He published an account of his 20 years professor of Greek at Paris, but travels at Lisbon, 1540, a work of great finally driven out by the revolution, and fidelity and merit. invited to St. Petersburg by the emperor, 1567. Queen MARY, a prisoner in Lochwhere he died. leven castle, subscribed the instrument by 1816. ELIZABETH HAMILTON died; an which she resigned the Scottish crown in English lady of great talents and acquire- favor of her son, James VI, afterwards ments, who left several excellent works on king of England. various subjects. 1590. STEPHEN TABOUROT (sieur des 1816. The Enterprise arrived at Charles- accords), a French writer, died. ton from Savannah; being the first steam 1595. ANDREW DE BRANCAS DE VILLARS, boat ever seen in that city it excited a a French general, murdered. He espoused great deal of curiosity. the interests of the league against Henry 1832. Battle near Coimbra, Portugal, IV, but afterwards abandoned it, was taken between the forces of Don Pedro, 8,000 prisoner and despatched. men, and those of Don Miguel, 12,500, in 1595. CHARLES DE LORAINE D'AUMALE, a which the latter were defeated. French nobleman, broken on the wheel at 1836. HUGH SHAW died, aged 113. Paris, in effigy. After the assassination of 1838. FREDERICK CUvIER, the well known the duke of Guise, he became the head French naturalist, died at Strasburg. of the league against the Calvinists, and 1855. JOSEPH C. HART, American consul, secretly aimed at the throne. He even died at Santa Cruz, Canary islands. He took possession of Paris, sent the members was a man of literary taste and an author. of the parliament to the Bastile, and com1855. The insurgent Mexicans under pelled thp king to fly. But meeting with general Vidauri, at Saltillo, defeated the reverses, he joined the Spaniards, was 37 290 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 24. outlawed, and the parliament being unable United States officers to blow up the to take him, executed their sentence upon British ship Plantagenet, in Lynnhaven his effigy. He resided principally in bay, with a torpedo. It exploded without Flanders, till his death, which took place effecting their purpose, though so near the at Brussels, 1631, at the age of 77. vessel as to injure it. 1609. The expedition under Somers, 1817. About mid-day, after a loud deto(see June 2,) overtaken by a tremendous'nation, the lake Canterno, or Porciano, in tempest. The admiral ship was severed Italy, totally disappeared. A large openfrom the rest " by the tail of a mighty ing was discovered in the bottom, through hurricane," but atlength after having drank which the waters were supposed to have to one another, " as taking their last leaves, escaped into the sinuosities of the neighintending to commit themselves to the boring mountains. mercy of the sea, most luckily the ship 1822. ERNEST THEODORE WILLIAM HOFFwas driven and jammed between tivo rocks." MAN, a Prussian novelist, died. He pos1712. Battle of Denain; the French sessed much imagination and talent, but under Villars defeated the allies under was an irregular and unhappy man. Albemarle, who was taken, together with 1830. The thermometer at noon in Bosfour German princes, and many other ton stood at 950, at sundown at 50~, and prisoners. fires were made. 1722. The wearing of broadswords pro- 1833. Lisbon surrendered to the army hibited in Edinburgh. of don Pedro, under the duke of Ter1744. ALPHONSO DE VIGNOLES, a French ceira. 4 protestant, died. He retired to Prussia on 1848. An intended insurrection at Cuba; the revocation of the edict of Nantes, the government becoming apprised of it, where he was patronized by the king, and general Lopez, the head conspirator, wrote several learned works.. escaped to the United States. 1755. ELISHA WILLIAMS, president of 1849. JOHN L. LAWRENCE died, aged Yale college, died; esteemed for his learn- about 67. He was one of the secretaries ing and great hioral worth. who assisted at the treaty of Ghent; well 1756. GEORGE VERTUE, an English known in the councils and commerce of engraver and antiquary, died. the state, and at the time of his death 1758. JOHN DYER, an English poet, died. comptroller of the city of New York. In 1727 he published the poem of Grongar 1853. HEZEKIAH C. SEYMOUR, engineer Hill, and soon after he went to Italy to in chief of the state of New York, died delineate the antiquities of that country, at Piermont, aged 42. His name is promiunder the title of the Ruins of Rome, a nently associated with the New York and poem which places him high on the scale Erie rail road, and with the Ontario, Huof merit as a writer. ron, and lake Simcoe rail road in Canada. 1759. Battle of Niagara. The English 1854. HENRY KING, a British general, under sir William Johnson defeated the died, aged 77. He had been a soldier for French and Indians with great slaughter, sixty years, serving in the West Indies, and took fort Niagara. The loss of this Egypt, Walcheren, and the Peninfortress effectually cut off all communica- sula. In Egypt he lost a leg, but that did tion between Canada and Louisiana. not prevent him from subsequently taking 1768. NATHANIEL LARDNER, an eminent part in the war. Engl.ish divine, died. His literary labors, 1854. The American fishing vessel Ellen which have been published in 11 vols., Morrill, was captured by the British were translated into various languages cruisers, and carried into the port of abroad, and procured him great distinction Bathurst, causing much excitement among at home. the fishermen. 1779. An expedition fitted out by Mas- 1855. Violent and repeated shocks of sachusetts to take a British post at Penob- an earthquake destroyed the Swiss villages scot, totally defeated by the unexpected of St. Nicholas and Viege, during this arrival of the British fleet. The troops and-the preceding day. were dispersed in all directions, and found their way home with difficulty; 19 vessels were taken or destroyed, and 24 transports JULY 25. burnt. 1797. Unsuccessful attack of the 306. CONSTANTIUS CHLORUS, emperor of British upon Santa Cruz, Teneriffe. Lord Rome, died at York palace, and was sucNelson lost his right arm. ceeded the same day by his son Constan1804. ADOLPEUS CHARLES ADAM, after- tine the Great. wards a distinguished musical performer, 811. NICEPHORUS I, emperor of Rome, born at Paris. died. He was chancellor of the eastern 1813. An attempt made by several empire, and seized the throne 807, banish July 25.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 291 ing the empress Irene to Mitylene. lHe and commanded that not three of them overcame all opposition from his own should be seen together. subjects, but was vanquished by the Bul- 1659. The pope, ALEXANDER VII, acgarians, and fell in battle. knowledged by a papal brief, the king of 1139. Battle of Aurique, in Portugal; France sovereign of the conquests and Alphonso I vanquished five Moorish kings colonies which his subjects had ma4e in and their barbaric heads were emblazoned the American isles. Hitherto the court of in the arms of the monarchy. Rome had preserved inviolate the univer1214. Battle of Bouvines, in France, in sal grant of that infamous man, pope which the forces of Otho were overthrown Alexander VI, in 1493, to his catholic by Philip Augustus, and peace restored. majesty, the king of Spain. (See May 3.) 1261. The Greek emperor, MICHAEL 1666. Engagement at the mouth of the PALaEOLOGUS, expelled the Latins from Thames, between the English fleet under Constantin6ple, who had taken possession Rupert and Albemarle, and the Dutch of it nearly 60 years previous. under Van Tromp and De Ruyter. Each 1441. ROGER BOLINGBROKE, chaplain to fleet consisted of about 80 sail. Three the duke of Gloucester, having been con- Dutch admirals were killed. victed of necromancy, was exposed, with 1722. New England declared war against his instruments, to the public finger, at St. the Indians. The small pox at that time Paul's, in London. was waging a war with both. 1471. THOMAS A KEMPIS (Thomas Ham- 1724. A violent persecution of the merken of Kempen), a famous German theo- protestants began in France. logian, died, aged 92. He displayed great 1757. The duke of Cumberland defeated piety and devotion, and instead of con- by d'Estrees at Hastenbeck. fining himself to transcribing books of 1759. General JOHNSON took fort Niagara devotion, like the rest of his brethren, in America. composed works of divinity himself, one 1790. WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, governor of of which, De Imitatione Christi, has been New Jersey, died. He was a member of translated into nearly all languages in the the New York bar, and a warm advocate world. of the rights of the colonies. He removed 1505. PHILIP BEROLDUS, a French pro- to New Jersey, and on the deposition of fessor of belles-letters, died. He was the royal governor, Franklin, he was extremely dissipated in youth, but re- elected to fill his place, which he held till formed after marriage, and produced the time of his death. several works, in prose and verse. He 1790. JOHN BERNARD BASEDOW died; at was a man of great learning for that age, one time professor of moral philosophy and is noted for his valuable edition of and belles-lettres, at Soroe in Denmark, the classics. from which he was expelled for some 1535. CHARLES V, emperor of Germany, irreverent remarks on religion. He was having assembled a powerful fleet, landed the son of a barber at Hamburg, and acat Tunis, and carried by assault the fortress quired a reputation for learning and ability. of Goletta. This gave him possession of 1794. FREDERICK VON DER TRENCK, a Barbarossa's fleet of 87 galleys and 300 Prussian baron, guillotined at Paris. For cannon. Having reinstated Muley Hassan some imprudent conduct he excited the and liberated more than 20,000 slaves, he indignation of the authorities, and was returned to Europe. imprisoned a long time at Magdeburg. He 1554. Queen MARY of England married finally escaped to France, where he beto Philip of Spain at Winchester. came obnoxious to the guardians of the 1564. FERDINAND I, emperor of Ger- state, and suffered death at the age of 70. many, died. He became king of Hungary The account of his imprisonment and and Bohemia 1527, and was elected king adventures, written by himself, and highly of the Romans 1531. On the abdication spiced with romance, is translated into of his brother, Charles V, he succeeded English. to the empire, and governed with great 1795. WILLIAM ROMAINE, an eminent moderation and prudence. English divine, died; author of many 1593. HENRY IV, of France, formally valuable theological works. renounced the protestant faith at St. 1799. Battle of Aboukir, in Egypt, beDenys, rather than perish by the hand of tween the French under Bonaparte, and an assassin. the Turks, Arabs and Mamelukes, under 1603. King JAMES and his queen crowned Mustapha. The Egyptians were defeated, at Westminster by archbishop Whitgift. with the loss of their general and 200 1653. The assembly of the Scottish taken prisoners, with all their equipage church being met at Edinburgh were dis- and 20 cannon; 2,000 dead on the field, missed by Cotterel for not having the and about 10,000 driven into the sea and authority of the parliament of England, drowned. 292 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 25. 1804. GEORGES and 11 of his compan- French general, died at Paris, aged 69. ions guillotined at Paris for a conspiracy He entered the French service in 1801, was against Bonaparte. engaged in most of the great battles of 1804. The American squadron, consist- Napoleon, including Waterloo; attended ing of the Constitution frigate, 3 brigs, 3 the emperor to St. Helena, and was afterschoeners, 2 bomb and 6 gun boats, wards near being involved in a duel with arrived in sight of Tripoli. Walter Scott, through his fervid zeal for 1812. Battle of Ostrovna; the Russians his master. under Ostermann Tolstoy defeated by the 1852. WILLIAM SCRooP, at eminent EngFrench. The battle continued two days; lish naturalist, died at London, aged 81. the loss was about 4,000 on each side. 1852. JAMES SPENCER CANNON, a talented 18f4. Battle of Bridgewater, (alias minister of the Dutch reformed church, Lundy's Lane,) near Niagara falls, between died at New Brunswick, N. J., aged 60. the British under Riall, and the Americans He was 26 years professor of metaphysics under Brown. It was a sanguinary action, in Rutgers college, and of pastoral theology and for the numbers engaged, perhaps and ecclesiastical history in the Theologiunequaled in modern warfare; in which cal seminary at that place, and was distinboth the senior generals were wounded. guished for strong and original powers of British loss 878 killed and wounded and mind, urbanity of manners, and fervent missing; American loss 860 do. The piety. battle commenced at 5 P. M., and ended at 12 in the defeat of the British, 2,700 JULY 26. veteran regulars, exclusive of a large body of Indians. 46 B. c. JULIUS CAESAR, arrived at Rome 1814. CHARLES DIBDIN, a celebrated from Utica, celebrated the fourfold triEnglish song writer and dramatist, died. umph in a quadriga of white horses, for His songs amount to upwards of 1,200; the victories over the Gauls, over Ptolemy he has scarcely an equal in the number in Egypt, over Pharnaces in Pontus, and and merit of this species of composition. over Juba in Africa; entertained the people 1824. WILLIAM SHARP, an eminent Eng- with naumachian and pentachlic or clrlish engraver, died. He rose to distinction censian games during 40 days; rewarded in his art by his own unassisted exertions, and feasted them at 22,000 tables; was debut was in other respects a very simple clared consul the fourth time, and dictacharacter. His works are numerous and tor for ten years; and to place him on the held in high estimation. summit of human glory, his statue was 1830. CHARLES X of France ordained erected in the capitol opposite to that of that the liberty of the periodical press was Jupiter, with the globe at his feet. He suspended, and five days after was him- commenced in this year his reformation of self suspended from the throne. the calendar, called, from the long inter1833. JAMES MARTIN, a soldier of the calation, the year of confusion. revolution, died at Knoxville, Tenn., aged 40. PETRONIUS, in his account of Tri106. malchio, has preserved a Roman newspapcr, 1834. SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, an (diurna acta) for this day. " On the 26th eminent English poet, metaphysician and July 30 boys and 40 girls were born at theologian, died. As a poet and author Trimalchio's estate at Cuma. At the same he was popular, but his conversational time a slave was put to death for uttering powers captivated the most learned men disrespectful words of his master. The of his time, who visited him to enjoy his same day a fire broke out in Pompey's conversation. Two volumes of his Table gardens, which began in the night, in the Talk were published after his death. steward's apartments." 1840. A couple of officers belonging to 1346. The English under Edward III, the United States exploring expedition captured the opulent city of Caen, in having gone on shore at Malolo, one of the France, and pillaged the country around. Fejee islands, were murdered by the 1469. Battle of Banbury (or Hedgecote), natives. Lieut. Wilkes immediately at- in which the royalists under Pembroke tacked and burnt the town and fort, killed were defeated by the Yorkshire rebels. upwards of 70 of the natives, destroyed Pembroke was taken and put to death, the plantations and laid the island waste. and earl Rivers beheaded. 1840. ANDREW LAUGHLIN died at Dev- 1470. Post office first established in rock, Ireland, aged 110. He saw five Paris. sovereigns successively ascend the British 1471. PAUL II (Peter Barbo), pope of throne. The faculties of his mind were Rome, died. He was a Venetian noble, unimpaired until the last few months of and on coming to the throne gratified the his lite. cardinals with the purple habit, the red 1852. Baron GOURGAUD, a distinguished silk cap, and the mitre, which had hith July 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 293 erto been worn only by the sovereign French, and occupied by the British under pontiff. general Amherst. 1546. Emperor CHARLES V and pope 1766. WALLIs, the navigator sailed on PAUL III secretly leagued against the pro- his great voyage. testants. 1772. JOHN GRAiME died; a Scottish poet 1560. JAMES BONFADIIS, a polite writer and miscellaneous writer of considerable of Italy, executed. He incurred the en- merit. mity of some powerful families at Geneva 1775. Maryland convention met at Anby the freedom of his remarks in his writ- napolis, and resolved to support the meaings, who wrought his ruin. sures of Congress. They also ordered 1581. PHILIP excluded by edict from all $266,666 in bills of credit to be struck, sovereignty over the united provinces of and that 40 companies of minute men the Netherlands. should be raised. 1592. ARMAND GONRAULT DE BIRON, ma- 1775. Congress first established a post rechal of France, killed. From the hum- office: the route extended from Falmouth, ble rank of a page he rose through all the New England, to Savannah, Georgia, and gradations of the army, to the highest Franklin was appointed post master. dignity under the sovereign. He distin- 1788. The printing office of Thomas guished himself in the service, and was Greenleaf,in New York,was much damaged killed by a cannon ball at the siege of and histypes taken away by amob. When Epernai. the two great political parties were form1630. CHARLES EMANUEL (the Great), ing, subsequent to the organization of the duke of Savoy, died; an ambitious prince government, that which opposed the and brave warrior. administration attacked the measures of 1653. "This day," says Dugdalo, " the Washington with a great degree of viru-. fair bell, called Jesus's bell, at Litchfield, was lence in Greenleaf's paper. He was knocked in pieces by a presbyterian pew- opposed to the federal constitution. terer, who was the chief officer for demo- 1788. New York adopted the constitulishing the Cathedral." tion of the United States, recommending 1659. The island of Montreal invaded amendments. Ten states had already by 1200 Indians, who burned all the plan- given their assent to it, nine being required tations, and made a terrible massacre of before it could be adopted by congress. men, women and children, upon whom 1789. Lafayette added to his cockade they committed every barbarity. " Ils the white of the royal arms, declaring at ouvrirent le sein des femmes enceintes," the same time that the tri-color should go says Charlevoix, " pour en arracher le round the world. fruit qu' elles portoient, ils mirent des 1793. STANISLAUS CLERMONT TONNERE, a enfans tout vivants A la broche, et con- French nobleman, massacred at Paris for traignirent les mnres de les tourner pour his opposition to the Jacobin club. les faire r6tir." They killed 1000 and 1798. A remarkable mirage was seen at took 26, who were afterwards burnt. Hastings, England. The French coast 1680. JOHN WILMOT, earl of Rochester, distant 50 miles was at 5 P. M. brought died; a dissolute English nobleman of the close to the feet of the observers. reign of Charles II, and the favorite com- 1803. An iron railway from Wandspanion of the king. He was a poet, and worth to Croydon, in England, was opened one of the greatest wits of the day. to the public for the conveyance of goods. 1687. A party of French built fort Nia- 1803. British ship Thunderer, captain gara. Bedford, captured the French privateer 1691. RICHARD INGOLSBY, captain of an Venus, of Bordeaux, pierced for 28 guns, independent company, was sworn into the but mounting only 16. office of president of the council of New 1806. British frigate Greyhound and York, or as lieutenant-governor, on the sloop Harrier captured off Macassar the decease of Sloughter, instead of the ad- Dutch frigate Pallas, 36 guns, and two ministration coming to Dudley, as of right large East Indiamen, laden with spices. it should. 1812. Battle of Kobrine; the Saxons 1738. WILLIAM THOMAS, an English di- under general Klingel, defeated by the vine, died; distinguished as a man of Russians, and himself, together with 70 letters and an antiquary. officers, 2500 men, &c., captured; Russian 1758. Louisbourg, which had been loss 1000. restored to the French by treaty, was again 1814. The Americans under general taken by the British under admiral Bos- Ripley and P. B. Porter burnt Bridgewater cawen and lieutenant-general Amherst, mills and bridge, and the British barracks and its fortifications have since been de- there. molished. 1830. CHARLES X, of France, issued 1759. Ticonderoga abandoned by the three ordinances, dissolving the newly 294 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 26. elected chamber of deputies, suppressing 1661. Schenectady purchased from the the liberty of the press, and altering the Indians. law of election. This gave rise to a revo- 1663. A bill for the better observation lution which terminated in his dethrone- of the Sabbath, was stolen from the clerk's ment, and the elevation of Louis Philippe. table in the English house of commons, 1838. The Bolivian troops under Moran ere it had received the assent of the king. having left Lima on the previous day, 1675. HENRY DE LA TOUR D'AUVERGNE, Nieto and Orbegozo entered the city with viscomte de Turenne, the renownedFrench about 2000 men and declared the consti- general, killed by a cannon shot at the tution of 1835, Orbegozo being named pro- village of Saltzbach, in Germany. He was visional dictator. preparing.for a great battle with the Aus1847. JOB DURFEE, a jurist of Rhode trians under Montecuculli. Island, and author of What cheer; or Roger 1694. The charter of the bank of EngWilliams in exile, 1.c., died at Tiverton. land for 12 years, determinable upon one 1848. FRANCIS R. SHUNK, governor of year's notice, signed by the dynarchs, Pennsylvania, died, aged 60. William and Mary. 1848. After several days of hard fight- 1704. STANIsLAUS LECZINSKI elected king ing, the Piedmontese under Charles Albert of Poland. were totally defeated by the Austrians un- 1706. The legislative union of England der Radetsky, and retreated to Milan. and Scotland completed; one of the most 1852. The Irishmen in New York made importantevents of thereign of queen Anne. an unsuccessful attempt to rescue Thomas 1712. A disgraceful quarrel between the Kaine, in the custody of the United States French and Dutch plenipotentiaries at marshal, and claimed by the British go- Utrecht. vernment, under the treaty, as a fugitive 1755. A party of Inlians prowling about from justice. Hinsdale, N. H., ambushed three men, 1855. The pope declared the laws which Caleb Howe, Hilkiah Grout and Benjamin had been enacted in Piedmont, to the de- Garfield, as they were returning from the triment of religion and the power and field, only one of whom escaped. The liberty of the church, to be void and of Indians went directly to Bridgman's fort, no effect; and that all who supported where their families resided, and who had them incurred the greater excommunica- heard the report of guns. By the sounds tion; also that the recent laws in Spain of feet without, they concluded their concerning the church property to be null friends had returned, and hastily opened and void. the gate, when to their inexpressible sur1856. The boiler of the steam boat Em- prise they admitted the savages and were pire State, exploded on the passage from all made captives. An interesting account Fall river to New York, killing and of this affair is familiar to many. wounding several passengers. 1759. The English under general Amherst took Ticonderoga without firing a gun, the French having abandoned it on JULY 27. the approach of the former. 1759. PIERRE-LouIS MAREAU DE MAU1139. The country of Portugal erected PERTUIS died at Basle. He was successful into a monarchy. in many trigonometrical surveys, and was 1276. JAMES I (the Warrior), of Arra- instrumental in determining the latitude gon, died. HA conquered several Moorish and longitude of several places with much kingdoms, and added them to his domi- more accuracy. nions, and supported himself against the 1773. Captain C. J. PIIPPS, lord Mulencroachments of the papal power. grave,reachednearlythe 810 north latitude. 1586. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE arrived in 1774. SAMUEL TlEOPrEILUS GMELIN, a England from a western expedition, ac- German botanist, died. He was professor companied by Lane, the commander of of botany at St. Petersburg, and employed Raleigh's Virginian colony, who now first on a mission of discovery in the provinces brought from his settlement, tobacco into bordering on the Caspian sea; was deEngland: that which sir John Hawkins tained a prisoner by a Tartar chief, in brought home in 1565 was considered a which situation he died. medicinal drug merely, and as Stow ob- 1775. Congress established a hospital serves, all men wondered what it meant. for 20,000 men, and appointed Benjamin 1597. JACOB HUYCK, translator of the Church director and physician-general. first authorized version of the catholic 1778. Action off Ushant between the Bible,printed in Cracow,died there,aged 57. French and British fleets, each of 30 sail; 1627. THOMAS GOFF, an English divine, the British claimed the victory. British died. He wrote among various other loss 133: 373. French loss 165: 529. things, four tragedies. 1794. Overthrow of ROBESPIERRE and July 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 295 the Mountain party, which put an end to his native town. He worshipped with the reign of terror. the Friends. He could distinguish but 1799. Mantua with a garrison of 10,00C two colors, yellow and blue; red and men dishonorably surrendered to the Aus- green had the same appearance to his eye. trians. 1849. The grand duke of Tuscany re1806. The United States exploring ex- entered his capital and resumed his aupedition under captain Lewis, had their thority. guns seized while asleep, by a party of 1854. The cholera made its appearance Minnetarre Indians. One of the Indians in the Massachusetts state prison at Charleswas stabbed to the heart, and Lewis shot town, over 70 convicts being attacked; another in the body, who fell onhis knees but one died. and elbow, raised himself and fired; the 1856. The steam boat John Jay, running ball grazed Lewis's head. The remainder on Lake George, took fire on her passage of the Indians fled, leaving the explorers from the landing near Ticonderoga to in possession of their baggage, provisions, Caldwell, and was consumed, by which and four horses. several of the passengers and crew pe1807. PETER AUGUSTUS MARIA BROUSSO- rished. NET, a French naturalist, died. He introduced Merino sheep and Angora goats JULY 28. into France. 1809. First day's battle of Talavera; 2348 B. c. NOAH, the Xisuthrus of BeroWellington made a stand against the sus, opened the windows of the ark and French army of double his number of men, sent forth a dove and a raven, 40 days under Jourdan, Victor and Mortier. after the appearance of the mountains. 1828. RADAMA, king of Madagascar, 388. MAGNUS MAXIMUS, emperor of died. He was an extraordinary character, Rome, beheaded. He was a Spaniard, and his reign constitutes the most import- proclaimed emperor by his troops in Britant era in the history of the island; the ain. On arriving at Aquelia, on his way slave trade was suppressed, Christianity to Rome, he was defeated by Theodosius I, and the art of printing, as well as other and beheaded. arts and sciences were introduced. 450. THEODOSIUS (the younger), emperor 1830. The second French revolution of Rome, died. He was successful in war began in Paris by a resistance of the de- against the Persians, who were defeated crees of Charles X. It burst forth on the near their own dominions; but the Huns following day, and continued three days, compelled him to sue for peace on terms when the people were left undisputed mas- not the most advantageous to the Romans. ters of the capital. About 3000 victims He was succeeded by his sister Pulcheria, fell in this glorious struggle. and the empire for the first time submitted 1833. WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE, an Ameri- to a female reign. can commodore, died, aged 60. He was 1402. Battle of Angora near Constantia distinguished commander in the navy nople, between the Tartars under Tamerfor a long series of years. lane and the Turks under Bajazet. It was 1840. CHARLOTTE OUELLET, a Canadian an obstinate engagement, and continued heroine, died, aged 100. She was one of three days. The Turks were defeated and a number of young women of St. Anne Bajazet taken prisoner. de la Pocatiere, who put on men's appa- 1492. INNOCENT VIII (John Baptist Cibo), rel and armed themselves to drive out the pope, died. He was a Genoese nobleman British regulars who were amusing them- of Greek descent; employed his influence selves by firing the houses and barns of to reconcile the quarrels of the Christian the village, during the siege of Quebec. princes with one another, and left behind She and the rest of her company fired him the character of a high minded and upon the English, who fled, making tem- benevolent man. pora;y barrows in their flight, to rescue 1540. THOMAS CROMWELL, earl of Essex, those who fell under the fire of these beheaded. He rose from the purlieus of a brave Canadian girls. A few days pre- blacksmith's shop to those of the palace; vious to her death she indulged in merri- from the pursuit of a humble calling to ment at the thought that she was one who the dignity of lord chamberlain of Enghad made the best shots. land. But he fell a victim to the caprice 1843. FREDERIC HALL, of Washington, of Henry VIII. one of the most successful American geolo- 1541. The diet of Ratisbone closed its gists, died at Peru, Illinois. sittings. 1844. JOHN DALTON, an eminent English 1592. WILLIAM HACKET, an English chemist, died, aged 79. He had devoted fanatic of the reign of Elizabeth, hung his whole life to laborious study. A pub- and quartered for blasphemy. lic funeral was given him in Manchester, 1609. Sir GEORGE SOMERS, governor of 296 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 28. Virginia, with his crew, who were wrecked the allies 8,167; French supposed to have on the 24th, landed on Bermudas. They lost more. found "a huge and curious sort of fish," 1813. Fourth battle of the Pyrenees; and. having remained. there about nine the French under Soult defeated the months, and built two cedar barks they British under Wellington. quitted the isle of Devils on the 10th May 1813. ANDOCHB JUNOT, duke of Abrantes, following. (See May 23.) died. He entered the army as a volunteer 1629. JOHN SPEED died; an En'glish 1791, afterwards distinguished himself chronologist, historian and antiquary. under Bonaparte in the Italian and Egyp1635. RICHARD CORBET, an English tian campaigns, and commanded in the bishop, died. He also wrote a volume of campaign in Russia. ingenious poems, which were published 1817. VADAMME, a celebrated French under the title of Poetica Stromata. general, a voluntary exile, arrived at Phila1667. ABRAHAM COWLEY, an eminent delphia. English poet, died. Addison observed of 1818. GASPARD MONGE died at Paris. He him, that no author ever abounded so was preceptor to Lacroix and other distinmuch in wit, according to Locke's defini- guished mathematicians, and was the first tion of it. to reduce the art of fortifications, &c., to 1718. STEPHEN BALUZE, a French writer, geometrical rules. His Geometrie descripdied, aged 87. He wrote the lives of the tive is much used. popes of Avignon, and was an indefati- 1820. JOSEPH ZAJONCZECK, viceroy of gable collector of curious manuscripts, &c. Poland, died. He entered the army at an 1750. CONYERS MIDDLETON, a celebrated early age, espoused the cause of freedom, English divine and critical author, died. and fought bravely for his country. He His writings are numerous, and display afterwards served in the armies of Bonaprofound learning and extensive informa- parte; and was finally appointed by tion. Russia viceroy of Poland. 1750. THqMAS GORDON, who in company 1833. WILLIAM WILBERFORCE, a celewith John Trenchard, for some time man- brated philanthropist, died at London, aged the Independent Whig, died at aged 74. He was a member of parliament London. His knowledge of the classics and the intimate friend of Pitt. He began was respectable and he translated Tacitus. his efforts for the abolition of the slave 1789. The Pittsbsurg Gazette was printed, trade as early as 1787. the first newspaper west of the Allegany 1835. EDWARD ADOLPHE CASIMIR JOSEPH mountains. MORTIER, duke of Treviso, killed, by the 1790. The Forth and Clyde canal opened explosion of an infernal machine, intendfrom the British to the Atlantic ocean, in ed to assassinate Louis Philippe. He Scotland. joined the army 1791, and from that time 1793. French general SEMONVILLE arrest- his life was marked by combats, exploits ed on his route to Constantinople to bribe and pbomotion during a term of nearly 30 the divan; 64,000 louis d'ors and a great years. " He is among a small number of quantity of jewels were found on him. Napoleon's generals, whose reputation for 1794. MAXIMILIAN ISIDORE ROBESPIERRE, private worth has remained unquestioned the sanguinary demagogue of the French through life." It was to him that Naporevolution, guillotined, aged 35. He rose leon entrusted the hazardous undertaking from obscurity by his talents, but the of blowing up the Kremlin at Moscow. demon of destruction seemed to sway his 1836. NATHAN MAYER ROTHSCHILD, a mind and urge him on to the most inhu- celebrated London banker, died. He was man deeds that ever disgraced even a a Jew, whose financial operations pervaded political demagogue. Twenty others per- the whole continent of Europe. His ished at the same time by the same means. transactions were carried on in conjunction 1802. JOSEPH SARTI, an Italian music with his brothers in Paris, Vienna, Frankcomposer, died. He resided at the court fort and Naples, all of whom possessed of Catharine of Russia, where he was collosal fortunes of their own. master of the chapel. He composed a Te 1840. JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, earl of Deum for the taking of Oczakow, the bass Durham, died, aged 48. He was made of which was accompanied by cannon of governor-general of Canada in 1838, but different calibre. returned the same year, and published a 1804. POMPEY, a negro man, died at valuable work on Canada. He was regardDover, Delaware, aged 120. ed as the leader of the reform movement 1806. Buenos Ayres taken by the British. which agitated the country, and his talents 1809. Second battle of Talavera, between and merits were very differently estimated the British and Portuguese under Welling- by different parties. ton, and the French under Victor, in 1849. The late king of Sardinia, CHARLES which the latter were defeated. Loss of ALBERT, died at Lisbon. July 28.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 297 1851. HORACE SEBASTIANI, a French the court, by his writings and parliamarshal, died at Paris, aged 80. He was mentary interest; and though poor, deborn in Corsica, and bore a part in most clined the bribes of the king. of the great battles during Bonaparte's 1693. Battle of Neerwinden (or Landon), career. He was in the ministry under in Belgium; the allies under William III, Louis Philippe, and ambassador both at defeated by the French, with the loss of Naples and London. 60 cannon, 9 mortars and about 7,000 men. 1852. The steam boat Henry Clay, on The king had his clothes penetrated by her passage from Albany to New York, three bullets. took fire about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, 1714. MARTIN POLI, an Italian chemist, near Yonkers, and was consumed to the died at Paris. It is said that he communiwater's edge; 56 persons lost their lives, cated to the king some powerful agent of so sudden and rapid was the destruction destruction for military use; but the king, of the boat. She had been racing withthe at the same time that he commended and Armenia. rewarded his ingenuity with a pension and an office, insisted that the secret should die with him. JULY 29. 1747. Dr. BLACKWELL, a Scotch physician and for some time a corrector of the 1108. PHILIP I, king of France, died. He press to Mr. Wilkins in London, beheaded came to the throne at the age of 8 years; at Stockholm. Being informed that his was ambitious and unscrupulous in his head was not properly laid on the block acts; engaged in war with England and he replied as it was his first experiment no Flanders, and was defeated by both. wonder he needed some instruction. 1218. LouIs VAN LOON died; the hus- 1759. Crown point abandoned by the band of Ada, the expatriated queen of French on the approach of the British and Holland. provincials under general Amherst. 1540. A statute was made confirming 1760. At Lidden near Canterbury in the seizures of the abbeys by Henry VIII. grubbing down an enormous ash tree two 1567. Prince JAMES, less than 14 months human skeletons were found in the centre. old, was crowned king of Scotland at 1773. The city of Guatemala laid in Stirling. ruins by an earthquake and the eruption 1578. SEBASTIAN, king of Portugal, of a volcano. killed. He was unfortunate in his wars, 1794. Seventy-one members of the muand lost his life at Tangiers, in battle with nicipality of Paris guillotined. the Moors. Camoens dedicated his LLusiad 1794. STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS, king of to this king, but he had the stupidity to Poland, compelled by the Prussian, Austreat the intended honor with contempt. trian and Russian coalition to annul the 1603. BARTHOLOMEW GILBERT, in, search Polish constitution, and deliver the army of the lost English colony, having landed over to the Russian general Branicki. in a bay about the 40th degree of latitude, 1801. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS ERNESTI died; in a boat with four men, was attacked by a distinguished German scholar and prothe natives and every one killed. The fessor of eloquence at Leipsic. rest of the crew immediately weighed an- 1832. JOHN ANTHONY CHAPTAL, a celechor and returned to England. brated French chemist, died. He produced 1653. Admiral VAN TROMP killed and numerous valuable works on chemistry his fleet destroyed by the English fleet un- and other practical branches of the arts der Monk and Blake. and sciences, was made minister of the 1644. URBAN VIII (Maffeo Barberini), interior by Bonaparte, and successively pope, died. He was an excellent poet, and filled many other important situations. was called the adttic Bee. 1839. GASPARD CLAIR FRANCOIS MARIE 1653. GABRIEL NAUDAeUS, a learned RIcHE DE PRONY, peer of France, died, French author, died. He was patronized aged 84. He was formerly professor of by Richelieu and Mazarin, and Christina mechanics in the polytechnic school, an of Sweden. eminent engineer, and author of many 1654. THOMAS GATAKER, an English di- scientific works. vine, died, aged 80. He was one of the 1848. The long expected outbreak in most noted men of the age; who united Ireland; viscount Hardinge arrived to take to extensive erudition, great moderation command of the troops from England, the and benevolence. whole available force of which was sent 1678. ANDREW MARVELL, an English over, supposed to be 50,000 in number. poet, politician and critic, died (Penny 1848. M. ELLETT, engineer of the NiaCycolpedia says August 16th). He sup- gara suspension bridge, drove a two horse ported the civil and religious liberties of carriage over that part of the bridge which his country, against the encroachments of was laid down and partly finished. 38 298 EVERY DAY BOOK. [July 29. 1853. JONATHAN RICHMOND, one of the like stores, sailed from Boston for the conpioneers of western New York, died at quest of Canada. Aurora, aged 79. For forty years he was 1718. WILLIAM PENN, the founder of actively engaged in aiding the rising for- Pennsylvania, died, aged 74. At the age tunes of his sections of the state. of 24 he became a preacher among the 1856. A fire in Boston destroyed a block quakers; but by the grant of Pennsylvania in North street, where 80 families were he was placed in the position of a legisburnt out, and 9 lives lost. lator, and well did he sustain it. 1743. THOMAS EMLYN, an English dissenting divine, died. He enjoyed an imprisonment of two years' duration, as a JULY 30. reward for the publication of some religious opinions, which no man had a right 578. BENEDICT I (Bonosus), pope, died. to entertain in those days. During his pontificate the people suffered 1746. Eight of those concerned in the the double calamity of famine and invasion, pretender's rebellion hung, beheaded and throughout which he interested himself to disemboweled near London. alleviate their condition. 1750. JOHN SEBASTIAN BACH, a German 911. ABU ABDILLAH assassinated; the musician, died; celebrated for his skill as principal actor in the revolution which an organist, and also as a composer. established the dynasty of the Fatimites 1762. Moro fort, at the entrance of the in Africa and Egypt. harbor of Havana, stormed by the English 1095. LADISLAUS I, king of Hungary, under admiral Pococke; 400 Spaniards died. He was an able statesman and were either cut in pieces, or perished in general, and victorious in his wars with attempting to escape by water to the city; the surrounding nations. The Huns were the rest threw down their arms and redriven from the country by him. ceived quarter. (See Aug. 12.) 1388. Battle of Otterbourne, on Thurs- 1768. Captain COOK sailed from England day, " about the Lammas tide," between in the Endeavor, on his first voyage of sunrise and sunset. The youthful com- discovery. batants were nearly of the same age. 1771. THOMAS GRAY, an eminent EngDouglas was slain, and the English Hot- lish poet, died. He was one of the most spur and his brother taken prisoners. The learned men of Europe, equally conversant ancient song called The Hunting a' the with every department of science. Cheviat, refers to a private conflict 48 years 1775. Captain COOK returned from his after this, between the son of Hotspur and second and most important navigation, William Douglas; but Richard Sheale, with having lost but one man by sickness, out the license of a ballad-poet has mingled of a crew of 118 men, during an absence the two events together. of more than three years. 1540. THOMAS ABEL, a chaplain at the 1777. General BURGOYNE reached fort court of Henry VIII, executed. He in- Edward, on the Hudson river, having with curred the resentment of the king by his incredible labor and fatigue conducted his attachment to the cause of the queen, army through the wilderness. General Catharine. He was hanged, and then Schuyler, whose forces did not exceed drawn and quartered. 4,400 men, retreated over the river to 1588. WILLIAM STUART killed in Edin- Saratoga. burgh by earl Bothwell. 1780. Rocky mount, a British post on 1609. Battle between Champlain and the Catawba, stormed and taken by Gen. Indians in Essex county, New York. Sumpter, after three repulses. 1625. The week's plague bill in London 1784. Earthquake at Port Royal and returns 2,471. Kingston, Jamaica. Of 150 vessels in the 1631. A French coin dated 1596, found harbors but 6 or 8 were saved, and the in digging a well at Dorchester, Mass. sugar works were blown down. A scarcity 1673. New York taken by the Dutch. A of provisions attended the calamity. small expedition, fitted out to destroy the 1789. Battle of Putna; the Turkish commerce of the English in America, hav- army of 30,000 defeated with the loss of ing effectually performed this service on 1,500 men and all their artillery, camp the Virginia coast, made their appearance equipage, &c., by the Austrian and Rusbefore New York, which submitted with- sian army, whose loss did not exceed 200. out exchanging a shot. New Jersey was 1800. The grand jury of York, England, also humbled. recommended the enclosing of 7,800,000 1711. The British and colonial fleet, acres of waste lands as the best preventive consisting of 12 men of war, 40 transports, of future famines. and 6 store ships, with 40 horses, a fine 1809. The British under lord CHATHAM train of artillery, and all manner of war- invaded Holland with 40,000 troops. July 30.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 299 1813. Fifth day's battle of the Pyrenees. 1718. Fifteen Spanish ships destroyed The French under Soult defeated by the near Syracuse, by admiral sir George allies under Wellington, after an obstinate Byng. engagement. Loss supposed to have been 1719. Colonel HUNTER, departing the about 8,000 on each side. province of New York, the chief command 1844. ZECHARIAH POUISON, for many devolved on Peter Schuyler, as the oldest years editor of Poulson's Daily ddvertiser, member of the board of council. died. He was the last link connecting 1750. JOHN V, of Portugal, died. He the fraternity of publishers with those of devoted himself to the encouragement of the days of Franklin. commerce, literature and industry among 1845. LYNTHIA BROWNING, the Kentucky his subjects. giantess, died at Flemingsburg, Ky. She 1760. Battle of Warburgh; the allies was seven feet high. under the hereditary prince Ferdinand, 1855. GEORGE JOHNSTON, an eminent defeated the French, who lost 1,500 killed, British surgeon, died, aged 58. While and about the same number taken prisonengaged in the practice of his profession, ers. he devoted his leisure to natural history, 1777. The marquis LAFAYETTE received, in which he attained great eminence. by a vote of congress, the appointment of 1855. JOHN WOODS, an eminent Ohio major-general in the American army, being lawyer, died at Hamilton, aged 61. As then but 20 years of age. state auditor he did much to preserve the 1786. A booth, at Montpelier, France, public credit at a time of general depres- where a play was performing, fell and sion. killed 500 persons. 1790. JOHN EDWIN, an English comedian, died. It was to his extraordinary talents JULY 31. that O'Keefe's dramas were greatly indebted for their success. 1423. Battle of Crevant, in France, in 1807. The fortress of Mongal, in Spain, which the armies of tke infant king of carried by storm and destroyed by the England were victorious. British under Cochrane. 1481. FRANCISCUs PHILADELPHUS, a learn- 1808. JOSEPH BENCIRENNI, an Italian ed Italian, died. He was at the head of the writer, died. He distinguished himself in learned men of the day, professor of elo- the belles-lettres and public affairs. quence at Venice, and the personal friend 1813. Plattsburgh taken by the. British of Lorenzo de Medici. without opposition, all the public and 1498. COLUMBUS discovered the island of much private property was destroyed. Trinidad, resembling three mountains. 1813. Com. CHAUNCEY took York, U. C., 1556. IGNATIUS LOYOLA, founder of the destroyed the public property and brought Jesuits, died. He was a brave officer in away the stores and provisions. the Spanish army, and while under the 1831. London bridge completed, having hands of a surgeon his mind was directed occupied nearly 8 years in its construction. to the subject of religion by reading. After It is built of granite, 928 feet in length. having made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem The old bridge had stood, with propping and studied theology he went to Paris, and patching, six centuries. and laid the foundation of an order, which 1840. MULLER, the distinguished antiin time became sufficiently powerful and quary and historian, died at Castri Levacorrupt. dia. 1592. Sir WALTER RALEIGH disgraced, 1848. EDMUND SIMPSON died; thirty-eight and sent with his lady to the tower. years manager of the Park theatre, New 1602. CHARLES GONRAULT DE BIRON, a York, during which time he paid John French admiral, beheaded in the bastile. Jacob Astor half a million dollars rent. He distinguished himself by flood and 1850. The great diamond called Kohfield, and was a great favorite at the court i-noor, or mountain of light, was brought of Heny IV. His fondness of pleasure led to England. It is valued at $2,000,000. to error and ruin. 1854. The defenders of the barricades, 1627. A terrible earthquake in Apulia, at Madrid, 3,000 in number, defiled before by which many thousands lost their the queen's palace, her majesty appearing lives. on the balcony, with the king on one 1712. Marchiennes surrendered to the side, and Espartero, who had entered the French. city the day before, on the other. 1718. JOHN HUGHES and SARAH DREW, 1855. The official announcement was two rustic lovers, struck dead by lightning, made of the removal of governor Reeder, under the shelter of a hay cock, in Eng- of Kansas, and the appointment of John land. Pope, Thomson and Gay, have L. Dawson as his successor. scattered flowers upon their graves. AUGUST. AUGUST 1. Caledonia, and established a new ecclesiastical system on a Calvinistic and pres30 n. c. Defection of the entire fleet of byterian model. Marc Antony, at Alexandria, which sud- 1589. HENRY III, of France, assassinatdenly passed over to Octavius, afterwards ed. He was a weak and vicious prince, Augustus Cwesar. during whose reign the country was deso117. MARCUS ULPIUs TRAJAN, emperor lated with factions and civil and religious of Rome, died. He admired and copied wars. He was the last of the house of the virtues of Nerva, his predecessor, and Valois. reigned nearly twenty years in the hearts 1605. EDMUND ANDERSON, an eminent of his people, when Hadrian received his English lawyer, died. He was one of the mantle. ablest and most learned of queen Eliza432. CELESTINE I, pope, died. The beth's judges; his law works are of great doctrines of Nestorius were condemned by authority. him. 1625. The first parliament of Charles I, 643. OSWALD, king of Northumberland, of England, on account of the plague, met slain at Maserfield. Bede says he erected in at Oxford. the shape of a wooden cross the first altar 1714. ANNE, queen of England, died, to Christ among the Bernicians. in the 50th year of her age. 725. The old Englishtax called Peter's 1716. JAMES BOILEAU, a celebrated pence, was first laudably imposed by Ina, French theologian, died; a doctor of the king of the west Saxons, for the support Sorbonne, and a man of great wit and of an English college at Rome, but after- learning. wards appropriated by the church for very 1720. JOHN LEAKE, a brave English different purposes. admiral, died. He signalized himself in 1137. LoUIS VI, king of France, died. many important victories in different parts He was a wise and popular monarch, but of the world. during his reign, which continued nearly 1732. WILLIAM COSBY arrived at New thirty years, the country was disturbed by York as governor of that province and external quarrels and internal factions. New Jersey. 1202. King JOHN of England obtained a 1743. RICHARD SAVAGE, an eminent Engvictory over his nephew Arthur, whom lish poet, died in prison, aged 46. His with his sister Eleanor he took prisoner. great natural abilities were over-balanced 1221. The convent belonging to West- by vices and follies which rendered him an minster abbey destroyed; which issued in unhappy man. several individuals being severely pun- 1759. Battle of Minden; the British ished. and German forces under Ferdinand of 1464. CosMo DE MEDICIS, a Florentine Brunswick defeated the French, who met merchant, died. He bestowed vast expense with great losses. and attention in the promotion of learn. 1766. France stipulated not to aid the ing, and presided over the commonwealth Pretender if England would suffer a 34 years, with so much wisdom and popu- Romish bishop to be sent to Canada; it larity, as to acquire the title of Father of was acceded to. the People. (See Oct. 5, 1434.) 1768. The merchants and traders of Bos1498. COLUMBUS,on his third voyage, first ton entered into a non-importation agreeset his foot upon the continent of America ment against Great Britain. at Terra-Firma, mistaking it for an island. 1769. JEAN CHAPPE D'AUTEROCHE. a This was more than a year after the English French astronomer, died at California, expedition under the Cabots had reached whither he had gone to make an observaits shores. tion. He was distinguished for learnidg 1560. The Scottish parliament assembled and abilities. which overturned the Roman church in 1770. Battle of Cahal; the Turkish August 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 301 army of 150,000 defeated by 18,000 Rus- Hulans and Cossacks, afterhaving defeated sians under marshal Romanzow. on the road a body of 15,000 Turks. 1772. A revolution was effected in Swe- 1834. ROBERT MORRISON, an eminent den by the army, and dissimulation of the English orientalist, at Canton, died. He crown. was considered the best Ghinese scholar in 1774. Dr. PRIESTLY discovered dephlogis- Europe. He translated the whole of the ticated air, which has been called the birth New Testament into Chinese, which was day of pneumatic chemistry. printed in 1813; but the great monument 1780. The village of Canajoharie laid of his literary fame is his Dictionary of the waste by the Indians. Chinese Language, 6 vols. quarto. 1790. JOHN KNOX, the book seller, and 1834. The slaves in the British colonies the improver of the herring fisheries in emancipated, and a temporary apprenticeScotland, died. ship commenced. 1793. Actibn without the harbor of New 1834. The bill admitting dissenters to York between the French frigate L'Ambus- the honors of the English universities, cade, and British frigate Boston. The which had passed the house of commons, battle was severe, and both vessels were rejected in the house of lords by a majority greatly damaged; but the Boston would of 102-a grand halt to the march of have been captuved if she had not been mind in England. enabled to retreat. The Ambuscade had 1838. JOHN ROGERsdied; a distinguished 6 killed, 20 wounded. The British lost naval officer, and senior commander in the their captain and nearly all their officers American navy. He had been fifteen killed. The crews of the two frigates were months a resident of the naval asylum, about the same, 350 each. and the greater part of the time in close 1798. Battle of the Nile; the French confinement as a confirmed lunatic. fleet of 13 sail and 4 frigates defeated by 1838. The entire emancipation of the the British, 13 ships of 74s, and a 50 gun negro apprentices in the islands of Jamaica, ship under Nelson. Nine of the French Barbadoes, Chevis, Montserrat, St. Christo. ships were taken and 2 burnt, and 2 of phers, St. Vincent and Tortola, took place, the frigates destroyed. Admiral Brueys in compliance with the acts of the colonial was mortally wounded and blown up in legislatures. the Orient, 120 guns and 1070 men. Of 1848. The city of Vera Cruz delivered the French 3,105 were put on shore by up to the Mexicans by the United States; cartel, and 5,225 perished. general Smith embarked for home. 1801. JONATHAN EDWARDS, president of 1849. HENRY A. BRECKINGHAM, known Union college, died; a man of uncommon as the author of several historical sketches powers of mind. and other interesting reminiscences of the 1803. WILLIAM WOODFALL, an English early days of the American colonies, died printer, died. He possessed a remarkably at Brooklyn, of cholera. retentive memory, and was the first who 1849. Queen VICTORIA embarked at gave a full and immediate detail of the Cowes on her visit to Ireland. proceedings of parliament. 1851. HARRIET LEE, an English author1807. JOHN WALKER, the English lexico- ess, died, aged 95. Jointly with her sister grapher, died. Sophia, they were the authors of various 1819. JAMES FORBES died; a civil ser- works, chiefly novels or dramas. Harriet vant in the East India company,and credit- was almost the exclusive author of the ably known as the author of Oriental Canterbury Tales, 5 vols., perhaps the best Memoirs, which were selected from a mass known of their labors. of manuscripts written during 17 years' 1853. The Austrian government, in a residence in India, stated to occupy 52,000 circular addressed to the European courts, folio pages, in 150 vols. The plates, from protested against the proceedings of Capt. drawings of plants and animals made by Ingraham, in the port of Smyrna, in rescuthe author, have rarely been surpassed in ing Martin Koszta, claiming to be a citizen spirit and beauty. of the United States. 1821. WILLIAM FLOYD, one of the signers, 1854. KENNETH MUSCHISON formerly govdied. ernor of Penang and Singapore, died in 1821. ELIZABETH INCHBALD, an English London, aged 60. dramatic writer and actress, died. She 1854. The yellow fever became epidemic possessed great beauty and talent, and an at New Orleans. It disappeared in Novemunsullied reputation; many of her pieces ber, when the number of deaths was 2441. are still stock plays. There were 600 deaths in Savannah from 1829. Capture of Jambouliand destruc- the same disease. tion of the Turkish camp by a brigade of 302 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 2. AUGUST 2. his men were killed, his wife and sons were taken prisoners, and he narrowly es338 B. c. Battle of Cheronea, on the Ce- caped with his life. phisus, and defeat of the Athenians and 1684. A treaty of peace concluded at Thebans by Philip of Macedon. Albany, between the colonists and the 338 B. c. The army of Archidamus, the Five Nations, who, since the peace of 1761, Spartan, overthrown in Lucania, and him- had extended their arms southward, and self killed. conquered the country from the Mississippi 322 B. c. Joint victory of Antipater and to the borders of the plantations; involvCraterius, near the walls of Cranon, in ing Virginia and Maryland in the calamiThessaly. ties of their Indian allies, whom they 10. Three Roman legions under Varus were unable to protect. cut off in Germany. "Quintilius Varus, 1689. INNOCENT XI died. He has been give me my legions again," exclaimed the called the protestant pope. father of his country. Varus, however, 1704. Battle of Blenheim, in Bavaria.; had shared the fate of his legions. the English and Austrians under the duke 44. King AGRIPPA (the Great), smitten of Marlborough and prince Eugene, obwith disease in the public theatre at Ce- tained a famous victory over the French sarea, on the second day of the games and Bavarians, who lost 12,000 killed and exhibited in honor of Claudius. drowned, and 13,000 prisoners, including 1100. WILLIAM II (Rufus), king of Eng- marshal Tallard. (13th by some authoriland, killed by an arrow. He possessed ties.) vigor, decision and policy, and acquired 1713. MENSEN ALTING, a Dutch writer, great wealth, by which he was enabled to died; author of an excellent description of purchase two French provinces. He found- the Low Countries. ed Westminster hall. 1732. RIP VAN DAM, upon whom the 1553. The peace of religion signed at government of the province of New York Passau, on the Danube, between the con- devolved, finished his administration, on federates under Maurice of Saxony and the the arrival of William Cosby, with a comemperor Charles V, which established the mission over New York and New Jersey. protestant church in Germany. 1748. Attack on fort Massachusetts by 1563. That great scourge, the plague, 300 Frenchand Indians. Captain Williams began in London. sallied with 30 men and drove the enemy 1651. CROMWELL, after a week's siege, before him, when an ambuscade arose and erected the colors of the commonwealth on attempted to cut off his retreat to the fort. the walls of Perth. By a quick movement he regained the 1675. Brookfield destroyed by the In- place, and returned their fire with so much dians. This town was situated in the spirit that the enemy withdrew, carrying country of the Nipnets, whom Philip fi- off their dead and wounded. nally succeeded in engaging to himself in 1763. Battle of Nuncas Nullus; the Enghis plan of a general extermination of the lish defeated the troops of Mir Cossim, English colonies. The inhabitants being 28,000, took all their artillery and 150 alarmed had scarcely time to flee to the boats laden with grain and stores. principal house in the village, before the 1770. The Russians under Romanzow, savages came pouring in, and fired every defeated the Turks with great slaughter on other house. The whole number of peo- the Pruth. pie thus collected together was about 1776. MATTHEW MATY, an English writer, seventy. They withstood the assaults of died. He published at the Hague, during the Indians two days, who kept up the six years, the Journal Britannique, containattack night and day, and endeavored to ing an account of the productions of the fire the house by means of poles with fire- English press, in French. brands and rags dipped in brimstone tied 1786. MARGARET NICHOLSON, supposing to their ends. They also filled a cart with herself to be queen of England, made an hemp and flax, and other combustibles, attempt to assassinate George lII. She and having set it on fire thrust it back- was afterwards confined as a lunatic. ward with poles spliced together to a great 1788. THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH died; one length. A storm of rain defeated this last of the most celebrated English landscape scheme; and several companies of soldiers painters of the last century. came to the relief of the besieged so unex- 1793. MARIE ANTOINETTE, queen of pectedly that the Indians, although they France and daughter of an emperor, taken had surrounded the town to cut off assist- from the temple prison in the night, and ance, were disheartened and fled. removed to a cell in the Conciergerie, 8 1676. King PHILIP, the Wampanoag, feet square, and partly under gr)ound. As surprised in his quarters by a party of the a matter of favor she was permitted to take colonists under captain Church; 150 of under her arm a small bundle of clothing. August 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 303 1798. JoHN PALMER, a popular English thor, died, aged 60. He was professor of actor, died on the stage during a perform- chemistry in the university of Glasgow, ance, immediately on uttering the words, and established a highly scientific repu"There is an other and a better world." tation. In 1812 he began the Annals of 1802. BONAPARTE declared consul of Philosopy, in London, which he conducted France for life. ten years. 1803. JOHN HOOLE, an ingenious Eng- 1852. A violent earthquake occurred at lish poet, died. He translated some of the St. Jago de Cuba, causing a great destrucbest Italian poets, wrote three tragedies, tion of property. and several cther works. 1811. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, one of the signers died, aged 81. He advanced AUGUST 3. money and obtained supplies for the army, and also contributed by his writings and 479 B. c. The fatal battle of Platea, bespeeches to arouse the spirit of freedom in tween Mardonius the Persian and Pausanius his countrymen. the Spartan general. The other sanguin1813. Defence of fort Stephenson by ary victory over the Persians, on the pro160 men with 1 six pounder, under Col. montory of Mycale was achieved the same Croghan, then aged 21. The British, day, third of Boedromion. consisting of 500 regulars under Proctor, 431 B. c. An eclipse of the sun noticed and about 800 Indians under Tecumseh, by Thucydides, eight days after the first with 5 six pounders and 1 howitzer, were invasion of Attica under Archidamus, king defeated with considerable loss. of Sparta, at the head of 60,000 Pelopone1814. The remarkable steeple of Kel- sian confederates, and whilst Pericles was winning, in Scotland, fell. It was built in in the act of embarking against Epidaurus, 1140. the sacred city. 1815. Convention between the repre- 678. A morning comet, shaped like a sentatives of Great Britain, Prussia, Austria fiery pillar, seen in England. It was visiand Russia, who declared Bonaparte to be ble during three months, and caused the the prisoner of the allies, and entrusted conversion of the South Saxons from pahis custody especially to Great Britain. ganism. 1830. CHARLES X, of France, subscribed 1274. EDWARD I landed in England his abdication in favor of his grandson the from Palestine. He sailed from his winter young duke of Bordeaux. mansion, Trepano, Sicily, on the 20th 1842. JOHN CLIFFORD, a lieutenant in the April, 1271. revolutionary army, died at Bethlehem, 1414. JAMEs I of Scotland conveyed from Hunterdon co., N. J., aged 94. the tower to Windsor; there this bird of 1843. FRANCIS W. P. GREENWOOD, pas- song was wired in for three years. tor of King's chapel, Boston, died at Dor- 1460. JAMES II (with the fiery face), king chester, Mass., aged 50. He was also an of Scotland, killed by the bursting of a accomplished scholar and naturalist. gun, aged 29, after a reign of 24 years. 1843. JAMES RICHARDS, professor of theo- 1492. COLUMBUS embarked in the carack logy in the Auburn theological seminary, Santa Maria, with two other vessels and died, aged 75; an eminently useful man. 120 persons, from the Isle of Saltes, against 1849. MEHEMET ALI, pacha of Egypt, Palos, in Andalusia, to find a western condied at Alexandria, aged 80. He was a tinent. powerful sovereign, and gave the sultan 1546. STEPHEN DOLET, a learned Frenchmuch trouble. He did more than any of man, a painter and a bookseller, burnt at his predecessors towards introducing im- Lyons for atheism. provements into his territories. 1554. The first letter in Europe known 1849. GARIBALDI, the Roman chief, es- to have been sealed with sealing wax bears caped on board some fishing vessels at Ces- this date, and was written at London, adenatico, on the Adriatic, accompanied by dressed to the rheingrave Philip Francis 300 followers. The remainder of his band von Daun, from his agent in England, Gersurrendered to the Austrians. hard Hermann. The wax employed in 1849. STEPHEN LONGFELLOW, a New sealing this letter is of a dark red color, England lawyer of note, died at Portland, very shining, and the impress bears the Me., aged 73. He was a member of the initials of the writer. Hartford convention from Massachusetts, 1554. Battle of Marciano; the troops and distinguished for great acuteness and of Cosmo de Medici, under Medicini, depenetration. He compiled 16 volumes of feated the French under Peter Strozzi, a the Massachusetts Reports, and 12 of the Florentine nobleman, who was wounded. Maine, extending over a period of thirty 1592. The English earl of Cumberland years. captured a Spanish carack, Madre de Dios 1852. THoMAs THOMSON, a Scottish au- (Mother of God), valued at $150,000. 304 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 3. 1612. JOHN BOND, a learned English tents standing; their artillery, and ammucommentator on the Latin classics, died. nition and provisions fell into the hands 1645. Battle of Nordlingen; the allies of the Americans. under Merci, defeated by the French under 1780. STEPHEN BONNOT DE CONDILLAC, Turenne, Conde and Grammont. Merci a distinguished French philosopher, died. was killed and Grammont taken prisoner. His works are characterized by great clear1672. JOHN FRANCIS SENAUDT, a Dutch ness and sagacity, and were published in theological writer, died. 1798 in 35 volumes. 1692. Battle of Steenkerken; the English 1783. A new eruption of the Skaptar under William III defeated with great Jokul, in Iceland, poured forth fresh floods slaughter by the French. of lava, which taking different directions 1712. JosHUA BARNES died; an eminent from the others, filled the bed of a river, English critic and professor of Greek. He and formed a large lake. By this single wrote the Life of Edward III, and several eruption, 9,000 persons lost their lives, Latin and English poems. being nearly one-fifth of the whole popu1715. A cobbler of Highgate, London, lation of the island. This volcano, which was whipped from Holloway to that place commenced on the 11th June, continued for reflecting on the government. for two years, and the lava was not cooled 1720. N. HEINsIUS, an eminent Dutch in some places, when visited eleven years statesman, died. He was 30 years grand after. pensionary of Holland, and exerted the 1787. JOHN BAYNES, an English politienergy of his mind and the resources of cian, died, aged 29. He was distinguished his country to abridge the power of the for his early attainments and devotion to French monarch. the cause of liberty. 1721. GRINLIN GIBBON died, an eminent 1788. Louis FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESEnglish sculptor and carver in ivory and sis DE RICHELIEU, marechal of France, wood. The place or country of his birth died, aged 93. He had the courage, the is not known. He was discovered by sir fortune and the talents of a great general, John Evelyn, who walking by accident the sagacity, prudence and'penetration of near a poor solitary thatched cottage, had a great statesman; but with these and the curiosity to look in at the window, many amiable qualities he chose to be when he saw him carving a large cartoon nothing but a common courtier. or crucifix of Tintoret, a copy of which 1792. RICHARD ARKWRIGHT died; inEvelyn himself had brought from Venice. ventor of the spinning jenny, one of the His performances in marble and ivory were most useful machines in the world. He so very fine, that they often required to be was originally a barber, but his invention defended by a glass case. Many of his enabled him at his death to leave a proflower pieces are light almost as fancy, and perty worth ~500,000. shake to the rattling of passing carriages. 1797. JEFFREY AMHERST, a celebrated There is no instance before him, says Wal- English admiral, died. He assisted in the pole, of a man who gave to wood the loose conquest of Canada. and airy lightness of flowers, and chained 1802. HENRY, prince of Prussia, died. together the various productions of the He distinguished himself at the head of elements with the free disorder natural to several Prussian armies, and in time of each species. peace was engaged in literary pursuits. 1732. The first stone laid of the bank On the death of his elder brother, he was of England. excluded from the throne by his nephew, 1761. JOHN MATTHEW GESNER, a Ger- and resided in France. man scholar and critic, died. He pub- 1804. The United States squadron under lished several valuable editions of the Com. Preble, attacked the shipping and classics. batteries of Tripoli. During the action the 1763. THOMAS,GODFREY, an American Constitution was much injured; 13 were poet, died, aged 27. He was a watch- wounded and 1 killed; 3 of the enemy's maker, and said to have been the real in- boats were captured and 3 sunk. ventor of Hadley's quadrant. 1805. CHRISTOPHER ANSTEY, an ingen1768. THOMAS SECKER, archbishop of ious English poet, died. Canterbury, died; whose lectures and ser- 1806. MIRANDA,. having received a remons are masterly compositions. inforcement from the British, landed in 1777. Fort Schuyler, at the head of the the gulf of Paria, for the purpose of effectMohawk river, invested by the British, ing a revolution. about 1,800, under St. Leger. The garri- 1806. MICHAEL ADANSON, an eminent son consisted of 600 continentals under French naturalist, died, leaving an imgeneral Gansevoort, who maintained their mense mass of manuscripts which he had position till the British abandoned the collected with the view of publishing an siege and returned to Canada, leaving their encyclopedia. He passed several years in August 3.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 305 Africa making collections in natural his- mention as a promoter of temperance tory. among his crew; many seamen were re1812. Privateer schooner Atlas, of Phila- claimed by him. delphia, captured in one hour British ships 1851. The steamer Pampero, with about Pursuit, 16 guns, and Planter, 12 guns. 500 troops, composing the expedition The latter was recaptured. against Cuba under general Lopez, left New 1814. Fort Erie invested by the British, Orleans at daybreak. upwards of 5,000. 1854. Colonel LORING, a receiver of pub1814. 1,200 British crossed the Niagara, lie moneys at Benicia, Cal., was murdered to attack Buffalo, but were repulsed by at the St. Nicholas hotel, New York, by 250 riflemen under Morgan, and compelled Dr. Graham, of New Orleans. to recross. 1856. EDWARD CURTIS, a prominent New 1814. Great disturbances in Spain, many York lawyer and politician, died. He was members of the cortes arrested by order of a native of Vermont, was graduated at the king. Union college, and began his political ca1819. Barrow's straits rediscovered by reer in 1834 in the New York common Capt. Parry. He penetrated to Melville council. He was collector of the port island. The lowest state of the thermo- under president Harrison. meter was 550 below zero, Fahrenheit. 1857. EUGENE SUE, a celebrated French 1823. LAZARE NICHOLAS MARGUERITE novelist, died, aged 49. The Mysteries of CARNOT, a distinguished French general, Paris and the Wandering Jew, are known died. He possessed an uncommon talent in all Europe and America. for the mathematical and military sciences, and pursued a uniform and correct course in his politics, which enabled him to ride out the storm of the revolution, and the. AUGUST 4. subsequent changes. 1848. Women's rights convention as- 57 B. C. The decree recalling* CICERO sembled at Rochester; demanded the from banishment, which passed the full rights of suffrage, property, preaching, senate, consisting of 417 members, was rateaching, &c., &c. tified in the field of Mars, by a vote of all 1849. AARON K. WOOLEY, a Kentucky the centuries; it was nearly the last genujudge, died at Lexington, aged 49. He ine public act of Roman liberty. was a native of New Jersey, graduated at 882. Louis III, of France, died. He West Point, and studied law in Mississippi. shared the throne with his brother CarloHe was some time state senator of Fayette man, and ably defended himself against county, Ky., and at the time of his death his enemies. had been ten years professor of law in 1060. HENRY I, of France, died in conTransylvania university. sequence of taking an improper medicine; 1849. General OUDINOT surrendered the highly respected as a good warrior and a civil administration of the Papal states into benevolent man. the hands of the pope's three commission- 1265. Battle of Evesham; the earl of ers, who entered on the work of reaction. Leicester defeated and killed by the forces 1850. JACOB JONES, an American corn- under prince Edward, and'the king remodore, died at Philadelphia, aged 82. leased from confinement. No quarter was He stood nearly at the head of the list of given, and the aged king only received his post captains, two names only taking pre- life by an unwonted energy of mind; excedence. Capt. Jones, we believe, was a claiming to his antagonist, " Hold, fellow, native of Delaware. He is one of the I am Harry of Winchester." number who, in the war of 1812, contri- 1347. The conquest of Calais by the buted to establish the naval renown of our third Edward, after a siege of 11 months, country. He fought in the Wasp one of when the six citizens, with halters round the bloodiest naval battles in our history, their necks, surrendered the keys of their and captured in 45 minutes the British independence. The condemned lives of brig-of-war Frolic of superior force, and these men, whose patriotism has scarcely under circumstances highly unfavorable ever been equaled, were spared through to success. For this action the states of the tears and intercessions of Philippa. Delaware, Massachusetts and New York, The inhabitants were removed and the city each voted him a sword in commemoration repeopled with English, in whose possesof his gallantry, which was in no wise im- sion it remained more than two centuries. paired by the subsequent capture of both The pay of the army was as follows: the the Wasp and the Frolic, when in a crip- marines and archers on foot received 3d.; pled condition, by a British 74. He was the black prince ~1; and the bishop of afterwards appointed to the Macedonian. Durham, with the earls, 6s. 8d. per day. Temperate himself, he deserves honorable 1496. BARTHOLOMEW COLUMBUS, the ad39 306 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 4. miral's brother, laid the foundation of St. 1783. Captain JOHN DARBY, of the AsDomingo. trea, arrived at Salem with the news of the 1578. Battle of the three kings, in the ratification of the treaty of peace between west of Africa, which was invaded by Se- the United States and Great Britain, He bastian of Portugal, in which the Moors is said to have carried out the accounts of were victorious, but the three kings en- the first conflict at Lexington. gaged in it lost their lives. 1789. Privileged classes abolished in 1583. Sir HUMPHREY GILBERT landed at France. St Johns, Newfoundland, and took posses- 1792. JOHN BURGOYNE, a British general, sion of it in the name of the queen of died. He surrendered his whole army to England. general Gates at Saratoga, and returned to 1598. WILLIAM CECIL, lord Burley, died. England. He was a member of parliament, He was an eminent English statesman, and a successful dramatic author. (June memorable for his virtue and integrity, as 4, P. Cyc.) well as his great abilities. 1799. JOHN BACON, an English sculptor, 1609. HuDsoN discovered cape Cod, and died. He was apprenticed to a porcelain under the supposition that it was an island, manufacturer, in which condition he decalled it New Holland, in compliment to voted his leisure to statuary, and finally the country of his employers. The Dutch rose to great eminence in his profession. afterwards called it Staaten hook. The 1804. ADAM DUNCAN, a gallant English Indians here were observed to have green admiral, died; celebrated for the victory tobacco, and pipes with clay bowls and he gained over the Dutch fleet at Campercopper stems. down, for which he was rewarded with a 1612. HUGI BROUGHTON, an eminent peerage. Hebrew scholar, died. So classical was 1806. MIRANDA arrived at Coro an hour his Hebrew that a Jew predicted the turn- before day; the place was abandoned, and ing of the whole Jewish race if the New' through mistake his troops fired on each Testament would be printed in such pure other. Hebrew. 1808. French assaulted Saragossa in 1633. GEORGE ABBOT, archbishop of Spain, and penetrated into a part of the Canterbury, died, aged 71. He rose from town. humble circumstances to great dignity. 1808. The commencement of Welling1651. Stirling castle and town taken by ton's famous retreat into Portugal. Monk for Cromwell. 1814. United States troops under Col. 1666. A disastrous hurricane in the Croghan attacked the British and Indians West Indies. Lord Francis Willoughby at fort Mackinaw, but were repulsed with perished with his fleet of 15 sail. The the loss of 50 killed. poor fellows who escaped.the wreck, were 1815. BONAPARTE delivered a written seized with exultation by the French. protest for the prince regent of England, 1696. General FRONTENAC invaded the against being sent to St. Helena. Onondaga country. 1821. WILLIAM FLOYD, one of the sign1713. WILLIAM CAVE, an eminent Eng- ers of the declaration of independence, lish scholar and divine, died. He pub- died at Western, New York. lished a great number of useful works. 1835. The Spanish ministry having sup1723. WILLIAM FLEETWOOD, an English pressed the Jesuits and confiscated their bishop, died. " His character was great property, a royal decree to this effect was in every respect." signed. By this decree 900 convents were 1747. MICHAEL MAITTAIRE, a learned suppressed in Spain, and their property French critic and bibliographer, died. He applied towards the payment of the debts edited many of the classical authors, with of the state. useful indexes, and wrote several import- 1836. The famous bell of Moscow, the ant works. largest in the world, raised from the 1759. Crown point on lake Champlain, ground, where it had laid a great many taken from the French by Gen. Amherst. years. Its weight is about 440,000 pounds, 1774. CHRISTOPHER COUDRETTE, a French is 21 feet in height and 23 in diameter. ecclesiastic, died. His chief work was a 1842. JOHN BANIN, a popular Irish nohistory of the Jesuits; he was an opposer velist, died near Kilkenny, Ireland. of that order, and of the pope's bull, uni- 1846. FISHER AMES HARDING, one of the genitus. editors of the Detroit Daily Advertiser, died 1781. ISAAC HAYNE, a patriot of the re- at Detroit. volution, hanged at Charleston by order 1848. DANIEL WADSWORTH, a gentleman of the British lord Rawdon, an act, under of highly cultivated taste and benevolence, the circumstances, extremely unjust and died at Hartford, Ct., aged 77. merciless, and which his lordship attempt- 1848. Capital punishment except in ed to justify in a pamphlet. cases of martial law, abolished in the August 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 307 Prussian assembly, also in the German warrior and statesman, and in the latter parliament at Frankfort. capacity acquired the title of " the father 1851. At Leon, Nicaragua, Gen. Munoz, of his country." late minister of war, with a small body of 1604. By royal proclamation this 5th troops, took prisoners president Pineda day of August was appointed a holiday in and most of his cabinet, sent them to a celebration of king Jatnes's delivery from port in Tigre islands, and elected Justo the conspiracy of the Gowries. Albuanez president. 1633. GEORGE ABBOT, archbishop of 1852. ALFRED D'ORSAY, the mirror of Canterbury, died. He assisted in the fashion, letters and art, died in Paris, aged translation of the Bible, being one of the 54. eight divines to whom it was committed. 1854. A severe battle was fought between 1704. Sanguinary battle at Hochstadt, the Chippewa and Sioux Indians. in which the French, &c., were defeated 1854. BAILEY WASHINGTON, a surgeon by the confederates under Marlborough. in the navy, died at Washington, aged 67. 1717. Battle of Peterwaradein; the He was a relative of general Washington, Turks defeated by the Austrians under and entered the navy in 1810 as surgeon. prince Eugene, with great loss. (1716?) He was with the Enterprise when she cap- 1754. JAMES GIBBS, an ingenious Engtured the Boxer, and was fleet surgeon lish architect, died; leaving a handsome under Rogers, Elliot and Patterson, in the property to public charities. Mediterranean. 1759. Leipsic taken by the Austrians. 1854. JOSE BARUNDIA, minister from 1778. The British burnt and destroyed Honduras, died at New York, aged 70. their fleet off Rhode island on the apHe was elected to the presidency of the pearance of the French fleet under count confederation of Central America, when d'Estaing. he adopted many of the laws of the United 1781. Action off the Dogger bank, beStates, and devoted his salary to the pro- tween the British fleet, 6 ships, 4 frigates motion of public schools. He was the and a cutter, under admiral Parker, and prime mover of the liberal party, and the the Dutch, 8 ships, 10 frigates and 5 sloops, first to raise the standard of rebellion under admiral Zoutman. Both fleets were against the Spanish government. greatly damaged; the Dutch retired to the 1857. JosHUA FORMAN, founder of the Texel; the British did not follow them. city of Syracuse in New York, died in 1792. LAFAYETTE accused of treason beRutherfordton, N. C., aged 71. He was fore the national assembly. He had preone of the early promoters of the Erie viously been burnt in effigy in the Palais canal, and first judge of the county of royal by the Jacobins. Onondaga, from which he removed about 1792. FREDERIC NORTH, earl of Guildtwenty years before his death. ford, better known as Lord North, died, aged 60. As adviser to George III in the American war, he became and continued AUGUST 5. to his death unpopular. 1796. Battle of Castiglione, between the 57 B. C. CICERO landed from Durazzo at French under Bonaparte and the imperialBrundusium, and was met there by his ists under Wurmzer. The latter were deexcellent daughter Tullia, on the 20th an- feated, with the loss of 500 killed, 2,000 niversary of her birthday. captured, and 8 cannon. 1100. Inauguration of Henry I, of Eng- 1799. RICHARD HOWE, a celebrated England, who instantly granted a charter to lish admiral, died. He entered the navy the nation, restoring the laws of Edward at the age of 14; rose through the usual the Confessor to the same state in which gradations to the highest rank, distinthey had been settled by the Conqueror; guished himself on many occasions, and and drove from his court the effuicminati died at the age of 75. with their enormous and disgusting train. 1812. Battle of Brownstown; the Brit1391. CHAULES VI, of France, surnamed ish regulars and Indians attacked the the Well-beloved, seized by a mental dis- United States troops, 150 men, under Van temper, which, as it deprived him of the Horne. sovereign authority, afterwards led, in bad 1813. American privateer Decatur, 13 hands to the ruin of his kingdom. guns, captured British schooner Dominica, 1407. ROBERT KNOLLES, SO famed in the 16 guns, by boarding. French wars of Edward III, died at Scene- 1814. Division of the Scheldt fleet, in thorp, Norfolk, but was buried at White virtue of the treaty of Paris, between Friars church, London, which he had France and the allies. built. 1815. Massacre of the protestants at 1501. REGINALD BRAY, an English archi- Nismes, in France; these enormities contect, died. He was also a distinguished tinued nine days. 308 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 5. 1816. First state election held in In- 1638. Birthday of NICHOLAS MALEdiana. BRANCHE, a distinguished French philoso1833. GEORGE GIBBS died near New pher. His works were highly esteemed York. He was a practical mineralogist, for their genius and style; and for his and the collector of the extensive cabinet manners, which were amiable and simple, of minerals in Yale college. he was greatly venerated. 1835. THOMAS MCCRIE, a Scottish divine 1660. DON DIEGO VELASQUEZ DE SILVA and ecclesiastical antiquary, died. He was died; a distinguished Spanish painter. distinguished for his patient research, 1662; METACOM, sachem of Pokanoket, candor and ability as a historian, and pro- afterwards celebrated under the English duced several works which have a high title of king Philip, made his appearance reputation. at the court of Plymouth, and solicited 1835. G. S. NEWTON, an eminent painter, the continuance of the amity and frienddied in England. He was a native of ship which had subsisted between the Halifax, N. S., became distinguished in governor of Plymouth and his father and his profession, and produced a number of brother; and promised for himself and works which are highly esteemed. his successors to remain subjects of the 1839. The city of Cabul, Afghanistan, king of England. taken by the British, and the war in that 1674. THOMAS WILLETT, the first mayor country brought to an end. of New York, died. He is buried at See1840. The city and island of Chusan, konk, Mass. belonging to China, captured after a short 1695. FRANCIS DE IIARLAY died; archresistance, by the British under brigadier bishop of Paris, the favorite of Louis XIV. general Burrell. The Chinese lost 25 killed; 1701. ULRIC OBRECHT, a learned German the British none. critic and Latin historian, died. So ex1846. JOHN WARD (Father of the City) tensive and various was his learning that died at St. Johns, New Brunswick, aged he has been styled "the epitome of human 92. He was born near New York, and ad- science." hering to the British interest, entered the 1706. JOHN BAPTIST DU HAMEL died; a army in 1776, and was frequently in action. celebrated French philosopher and divine. At the peace of 1783, he embarked with 1725. THOMAS RAWLINSON (Tom Folio), his regiment, the Loyal Americans, to New an English antiquary, died. The sale of Brunswick, where the corps was disband- his collection of books and manuscripts, ed. He then embarked in commercial which were put up at auction after his pursuits, and at the time of his death was death, occupied several weeks. the senior half pay officer, as well as the 1745. DAVID WILKINS died; an English oldest merchant in the province. He filled librarian and antiquary, and a learned auseveral civil offices, and sustained an thor. estimable character. 1756. EUGENE ARAM, a self-taught 1849. The number of births in Con- English scholar, executed near York, for necticut for the year ending this day was murder, and hung in chains on Knares7,373; marriages 2,757; deaths 5,016. borough forest. He was a man of consummate abilities and wonderful erudition, but appears to have been a victim to coveAUGUST 6. tousness. 1777. General HERKIMER, marching with 1577. Queen ELIZABETH granted a license the forces of Tryon county to relieve Gen. to John Day, and Richard Day, his son, Gansevoort at fort Schuyler, was ambushed during their lives, and that of the longest by a strong detachment of British and Inliver, to print the Psalms of David in dians, and defeated with the loss of 400. metre. The Indians lost several of their great 1580. ANDREA PALLADIO, a very distin- chiefs and 70 warriors. guished Italian architect, died; many 1778. Sieur GERARD, ambassador from specimens of his designs yet remain. France, introduced to congress. He was 1585. DAVIS, the navigator, reached the the first ambassador from any nation to strait which bears his name, and cast an- the United States. chor in Exeter bay, " beneath that brave 1780. Battle of Hanging-rock; 600 Amemount, the cliffs whereof were orient as ricans under Sumpter attacked and defeatgold." ed the British, consisting of the prince of 1637. BENJAMIN JONSON, the English poet Wales' regiment and a large body of tories. and dramatist, died, aged 63. He was a The regiment was almost entirely destroybricklayer at the outset of life; but his ed; from 278 it was reduced to 9 men. inclinations turned to the building of mo- 1788. The last lit de justice in France, numents more imperishable than those of assembled at Versailles, by Louis XVI, to brick and stone. (16th, N. s.) enforce upon the parliament of Paris the August 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 309 adoption of the obnoxious taxes proposed 1849. A treaty of peace was signed beby Calonne. tween Austria and Piedmont. 1796. Battle of Roveredo; the French 1851. An eruption having taken place under Bonaparte defeated the Austrians in the volcanic mountains of Martinique, under Wurmzer, after an action of 16 columns of smoke were seen to issue from hours, and entered Trent. Austrian loss eight distinct craters. 6,000 men. 1855. A riot at Louisville, Ky., between 1796. JAMES PETTIT ANDREWS died; au- the Americans and foreigners; several thor of several English histories and other were killed on both sides, and rows of works of merit. houses belonging to the foreign population 1799. MARIE ELIEZER BLOCK, an able were torn down and burnt. German naturalist, died. He was of obscure parentage, and self-taught. Besides other valuable works on natural history and medicine, he published a History of AUGUST 7. Fishes, 6 vols. folio, colored plates. 1806. FRANCIS II, emperor of Germany 480 B. c. The immortal battle in the and king of Rome, resigned his titles and pass of Thermopylae is placed upon this annexed his possessions in Germany to the day; when Leonidas with 300 Spartans Austrian empire. The millenium of the withstood the army of Xerxes. There was empire, founded by Charlemagne, fell up- a skirmish also with the Grecian fleet at on the holiday of Christmas, 1800. Artemisium. Diodorus fixes the victory 1815. Commodore DECATUR arrived with of Gelon, under the walls of Himera, in his fleet off Tripoli. Sicily, upon the same day. 1817. PIERRE SAMUEL DUPONT DE NE- 445 B. c. Dedication of the walls of JeruMOURS, a French statesman, died. He was salem by Nehemiah, on the 7th of Elul, distinguished for his knowledge and ta- in the 21st year of Artaxerxes. lents, as well as his excellent character and 44. HEROD AGRIPPA, king of Judea, died principles. On the return of Bonaparte suddenly upon his throne. He was a from Elba he came to America, where he great builder, whose expenses exceeded died. his income, for his generosity was bound1818. DAVID FERGUSON, a Scottish sol- less, saith Josephus. He persecuted the dier, died at Dunkirk, aged 124, very much Christians, and was one of those scourges respected and beloved. of mankind who have been cut off with 1824. Battle of Junin, in Peru; the their vices. royalists defeated by the united Peruvian 461. JULIUS VALERIUS MAJORIAN, emand Colombian forces, under Bolivar. The peror of Rome, assassinated. He was combatants fought hand to hand, with successful in his war with the Vandals, lance and sabre, those engaged being caval- and universally respected for his virtues. ry only. 1106. HENRY IV, emperor of Germany, 1840. LoUIs NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, son died. He was a brave, but unfortunate of the late king of Holland, accompanied prince, who, having humbled his enemies by about 60 men, made an attempt to ef- in 66 battles, was finally dethroned and fect an hostile descent upon France. The reduced to indigence by his own sons. party landed about two leagues from Bou- 1485. HENRY TUDOR, earl of Richmond, logne, directed their march to that city, afterwards Henry VII, landed at Milford and were soon taken prisoners. The haven from Normandy, for the invasion of prince was soon after placed in the castle England, with 2,000 men. of Ham. 1588. The Spanish armada, becalmed 1843. The Thousand Years' Jubilee cele- before Dunkirk, completely discomfited brated in Germany, in commemoration of by the appearance of eight ships filled with the settlement by which the empire was pitch, sulphur and other combustibles, divided between the three brothers, sons and having been set on fire as the breeze of Philip the Devout. The festival occurred sprung up were directed by the English on Sunday, and was very generally and admiral against the different divisions of appropriately celebrated, more particularly the Spanish fleet. The darkness of the in the Prussian states. night lent terror to the awful appearance 1846. A revolution took place again in of the approaching flames; and the crews, Mexico, in favor of the exiled Santa Anna. anxious only for their own preservation, The troops in Vera Cruz and its vicinity weighed anchor or cut their cables, and first declared in his favor, and were soon suffered their ships to drive before the followed by those at the capital, who de- wind. In this confusion many of them posed and imprisoned general Paredes, the ran afoul of one another, and several of president of the republic, and proclaimed them received such damage as to be unfit Santa Anna, and the constitution of 1824. for future use. 310 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 7. 1613. Dorchester, in England, destroyed Louis Phillippe, and his male descendants by fire. for ever. 1667. JOHN WILSON, first minister of 1848. The great comet, whose revoluBoston, died. He came over with governor tion occupies 292 years, passed its periheWinthrop, 1630, and was ordained under lion in July, and was first seen on this day a tree in Charlestown. by a gentleman in Altona. 1679. LA SALLE sailed from the foot of 1854. The Turks entered Bucharest, lake Erie in the first vessel built upon that which the Russians had previously evaculake, with a crew of thirty men. His ves- ated. sel was lost on its return from Mackinaw 1855. A severe and bloody riot occurred with its crew of six men, and a cargo of at St. Louis, Missouri, between the Irish peltries, valued at fifty thousand francs. and Americans, which continued for 48 1771. JOHN DANIEL SCHOEPFLIN, an emi- hours, and resulted in the death of 10 pernent German philosopher, historiographer sons, and the severe injury of 30 more.. and antiquary, died. His reputation was 1855. While two companies of militia so great, that his residence was solicited were conducting to jail a prisoner named by the sovereigns of different countries. Debar, for the murder of a negro, at Mil1793. The first patient of yellow fever waukie, the mob seized him and killed in Philadelphia, which raged there with him without resistance. great fury this year, died on this day. The 1855. RICHARD SHEEPSHANKS, a British number that died of the disease during astronomer, died, aged 61. He made its prevalence was about 3,500. great efforts in determining the latitude 1804. Second attack on Tripoli by the and longitude of places in England and United States squadron under Corn. Preble. Ireland, and contributed a series of papers One of the prizes previously taken was to the Penny Clyclopedia on the science of blown up by the passage of a red hot ball astronomy. through her magazine. 1806. ELIZABETH SMITH, an accomplished English lady, died. She understood most AUGUST 8. of the learned languages, and had a knowledge of the sciences. 70. Capture of Jerusalem by Titus, the 1807. IGNATIUS MOURADGEA D'OHSSON,N 8th day of the month Gorpieus, (Elul) an Armenian diplomatist, died. He was upon his daughter's birthday. in the service of the Swedish embassy at 1419. PETER D' AILLY, a French ecclesiConstantinople, where he conceived the astic, died. He was of an obscure family, plan of a work on the Ottoman empire. It and rose by his merit to the office of carwas completed, after a labor of 45 years, dinal. in 7 vols., and published at Paris. 1503. ALEXANDER VI (Roderick Borgia), 1812. United States frigate Essex cap- pope, died. He was of infamous notoriety tured British king's brig George. before his elevation to the pontificate, and 1819. Battle of Bojaca; the revolutionists is supposed to have been poisoned by a of Venezuela and New Granada, under draught which he had prepared for some Bolivar, totally defeated the Spaniards, of his guests. whose destruction was so complete that 1540. Nuptials of HENRY VIII and the viceroy fled, leaving the public treasure CATHARINE HOWARD, his fifth spouse. By a prey to the conquerors. This battle de- " a notable appearance of honor, cleancided the independence of New Granada. ness and maidenly behavior," she won the 1820. ELIZA BACCIOCCHI, sister of Bona- heart of old Harry, whose marriage with parte, died. She married a captain in the Anne of Cleves was annulled the 9th of army, who on the conquest of Italy was July previous. created prince of Lucca and Piombino; 1588. EpWIN SANDYS, archbishop of but she was the actual sovereign, and York, died. He assisted in the translation when she reviewed the troops, her hus- of what is called the Bishop's Bible, and band discharged the office of aid-de-camp. was one of the nine divines appointed by 1821. CAROLINE AMELIA ELIZABETH, Elizabeth to dispute with nine catholics wife of George IV, of England, died, aged before the parliament. 53. She was abandoned by her husband, 1588. The English fleet under lord then prince of Wales, soon after their Howard attacked the Spanish armada. marriage, and the nation was repeatedly The engagement began at 4 o'clock in the agitated by their disputes, for more than morning and continued till 6 at night, and 20 years. resulted in a total defeat of the armada. 1830. The throne of France declared va- The Spanish admiral, apprehending the cant by the chamber of deputies; after entire destruction of his fleet, resolved to making various important modifications in sail northwards and make the circuit of the charter, they called to the throne the British isles. When he had rounded August 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 311 the Orkneys, the fleet was dispersed by a other secret societies prohibited by the storm; horses, mules and baggage were king of Naples under penalty of banishthrown overboard to lighten the ships, ment, fine and imprisonment. some of which were wrecked, some sunk 1827. GEORGE CANNING, an eminent in the North sea, others wrecked on the English statesman, died. He was of humcoast of Scotland, and more than thirty ble origin, but rose to the premiership by were driven by another storm upon the his great talents, and sustained himself coast of Ireland, where many of the crews against a powerful opposition. were barbarously murdered. The duke of 1828. FREDERIC BOUTERWEK, a German Medina finally reached Santardu with litterateur, died; author of Geschichte der sixty-five sail in a shattered condition, out neueren Poesie und Beredsamkeit, containing of 150 sail of noble vessels which entered separate critical histories of the belles-letthe British channel, many of them of the tres of Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, largest class. England and Germany, from the revival of 1641. Though Sabbath, both houses of letters to the close of the 18th century, 12 the English parliament sat to prevent the vols. king from going to Scotland. 1836. FREDERICK CARL LUDWIG SICKLER 1776. Force of the northern American died at Heldburghausen; an eminent army, under Washington, 10,514 fit for archeologist, and author of various learned duty, 3,668 sick, 2,946 on command, 97 works on archaeolology, antiquities and on furlough —total, 17,225. The small pox philology. was committing great ravages at this time, 1838. The Chilian squadron of 32 ves5,500 having died of it since April; inocu- sels landed 5000 men at Ancon, and delation being prohibited in general orders. manded two millions of dollars, which not 1778. Fort Boonesborough invested by being granted, they advanced and took 450 Canadians and Indians. The fort was Callao and Lima, after an action in which garrisoned by 50 men, who defended it 2000were killed. Gomarra was proclaimed with great spirit against every stratagem president, and Orbegozo fled to the mountill the 20th, when the siege was aban- tains. (See July 26.) doned, and its capture never again at- 1840. CHARLES OTTFRIED MULLER, of tempted. Gottingen, died at Athens, from an illness 1780. The combined fleets of France and brought on by fatigue and exposure in Spain captured five East Indiamen and copying inscriptions, and making excavafifty merchant ships bound for the West tions at Delphi. The object of his invesIndies. tigation was connected with a great work 1792. JOHN LEAKE, an English physi- on which he was engaged, upon the general cian, died; founder of the Westminster history of Greece. He was buried on the lying-in hospital, and an esteemed author. summit of a little hill above the academy. 1794. The entrenchments of Pellingen, (July 31.) a series of redoubts raised by the Austrians 1851. SAMUEL EMERSON, an eminent in the most advantageous situations, in physician, died at Kennebunk, Me., aged 87. order to cover Treves, were carried by the 1853. A strike at Stockport, England, French. for an advance of ten per cent in wages, 1804. ROBERT MACFARLANE, a Scottish ceased, 20,000 workmen resumed their miscellaneous writer, died. He translated labors, having accomplished their object. Ossian into Latin. 1856. Mrs.MATTHEWS (madame Vestris), 1805. RICHARD WORSLEY, governor of long a celebrated dancer and pantomimist, the isle of Wight, died. During a tour in died in England, aged 59. Her maiden Europe he made a fine collection of statues name was Lucia Elizabeth Bartolozzi; she and antiques, of which he published a married Armand Vestris in 1813, and it description. was under this name that she was well 1808. JOHN BROOME, lieutenant-governor known in Europe and America. She of the state of New York, died, and was married Matthews in 1838. buried in the presbyterian church yard in Wall street, in the city of New York. 1811. British under admiral Stopford AUGUST 9. took Batavia and a great part of the island of Java. a 357 B. C. An eclipse of the moon which 1812. The United States troops under preceded the departure of Dion from Zageneral Hull evacuated Canada and entered cynthus (Zante) upon his celebrated expeDetroit. dition against the tyrant Dionysius the 1814. First meeting of the British and Younger. He entered Syracuse with his American commissioners at Ghent, to treat little band of 800 veterans in September, for peace. and in three days became master of the 1816. The meetings of freemasons and empire. The deaths of Democritus and 312 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 9. Hippocrates, each 104 years old, and of ever aspired. His liberality was equaled Timotheus, the Milesian poet and musi- only by his generous forgiveness of injucian, took place in that year. ries. Pope made him the subject of his 378. The great and disastrous battle of satire, which Hogarth punished by repreAdrianople, second only to that of Cannwe, senting the poet on a scaffold whitewashin which the Roman legions under Valens, ing Burlington house, and bespattering were for the first time defeated by the Cy- the duke of Chandos's carriage as it passed. thian Goths. The wounded emperor was Yet Pope's verse respecting the shortremoved to a cottage, which was fired, lived magnificence of Canons was proand he perished in the flames. phetic: 1342. Sir WALTER MANNY raised the Another age shall see the golden ear siege of Hennebon in Brittany, so nervous- Embrown the slope, and nod on the parterre: ly and heroically defended by Jane, count- Deep harvests bury all his pride has planned, ess of Montford, against the power of And laughing Ceres reassume the land. France. Three years after his death the stately 1611. JOHN BLAGRAVE died; an early mansion was sold by auction, piecemeal, English mathematician of considerable such was the rage to buy something at eminence and a laborious author on his Canons. Its site was soon an arable. favorite science. 1746. Battle of Rotto Fredo, between 1634. Nov, attorney-general to Charles the allies and the Austrians; the former I of England, died at London. He is defeated with the loss of 8,000; Austrian supposed to have devised the plan of levy- loss about half that number. ing ship money, which went into opera- 1748, ALEXANDER BLACKWELL, a Scottish tion the day after his death. physician, beheaded in Sweden, on sus1641. DAvID BAKER, an English Bene- picion of treason. His wife, to support dictine monk and ecclesiastical historian, him in prison, published a Herbal in two died. He collected the records of the vols. folio, containing 500 plates, drawn, ancient congregation of the black or Bene- engraved and colored by herself. dictine monks in England, 6 vols. folio, 1757. Fort William Henry with a garriand his religious treatises filled 9 folio son of about 2600 men under Col. Monvols. in manuscript. roe, capitulated to Montcalm, who had 1694. ANTHONY ARNAULD, a French invested the fort with an army of 11,500. theological and philosophical writer, died. The garrison was to be allowed the honors He was one of the most learned men of of war, and protected from the Indians; his age, and did much for the improve- but with the characteristic perfidy of the ment of morality in the catholic church. French in all these colonial wars, the InHis works were printed in more than 100 dians were allowed to pillage and massacre volumes of various sizes. the defenceless soldiers, so that their bag1710. French and Spaniards defeated at gage was lost and 1500 slain or made Saragossa, with the loss of 5,000 killed, prisoners. 7,000 prisoners, and all their artillery, and 1759. Birthday of JEAN BAPTIST ANNIthe allies entered the city. BAL AUBERT DUBAYET, in Louisiana. He 1718. Action off cape Passaro, between served in the American army during the the British fleet, 20 sail, admiral Byng, war of independence, and went to France and the Spanish fleet, 27 sail of the line. on the breaking out of the revolution The Spaniards were defeated with the loss there. He was appointed minister of war, of 21 of their ships, either taken or de- and the next year ambassador to Constanstroyed. tinople, where he died. 1719. DoMINICO DE ANGELIS, an Italian 1775. Captain LINZEE, of the British scholar, died. He made the tour of France sloop of war Falcon, attempted to take an and Spain, and was everywhere received American schooner in Gloucester harbor, with honor by the learned. cape Ann, in two barges, a whale boat, 1720. SAMUEL OCKLEY, an English di- schooner and cutter, all of which were vine, died; a very learned man, and well captured by the Americans; in consequence skilled in oriental literature. of which he bombarded the town. Ameri1744. JOHN BRIDGES, duke of Chandos, can loss 1 killed, 2 wounded. died. Few particulars are known of this 1778. General GREENE'S army crossed peer, except of his munificence. The over from iiverton to the north end of earlier part of his manhood was spent in Rhode Island. reflection and observation; his middle age 1778. Lord HowE's fleet arrived off in business, honorable and useful; and Newport, in quest of count d'Estaing, who his advanced years in deeds of benevo- put to sea the next morning. lence. He erected the princely seat of 1782. DE LA PEROUSE, with a consideraCanons, near London, where he lived in a ble French military and naval force, took splendor to which no other subject had fort Prince of Wales, at Hudson's bay, August 9.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 313 and soon after forts York and Severn; the bounded on the south by an immense settlements and forts were destroyed. barrier of mountains, covered with ice. 1787. The ship Columbia, captain GRAY, They seemed utterly ignorant of other and sloop Washington sailed from Boston nations to the south, whence they are for the north west coast of America and supposed to be the original race. They China. They returned in 1790, being the are destitute of boats, and furnish an first American vessels that circumnavigat- unique instance of a fishing tribe unaced the globe. quainted with the art of floating on the 1793. ALEXIS BRULARD DE GENLIS, mar- water. quis de Sillery, a French general, guillo- 1824. JOSEPH NIGHTINGALE, an English tined at Paris. He was a deputy to the dissenting minister, died. He possessed states-general, and an avowed enemy to great literary talent, and published many the king, on whose trial he voted for excellent works. detaining the royal family until the peace, 1839. Pera, a suburb of Constantinople, and for their perpetual banishment after nearly destroyed by fire; 3700 houses that event. burnt. 1796. Elba surrendered to the British 1841. The steam boat Erie, on her pasunder commodore Nelson. sage fromguffalo to Chicago, took fire and 1804. ROBERT POTTER, an English pre- was totall3ydestroyed. Of 200 persons on late, died; known by his elegant transla- board, principally Swiss and German emitions of Eschylus, Euripides and Sopho- grants, only 28 weresaved. The boat was cles, the three great dramatists of ancient valued at $75,000; merchandise $20,000; Greece. specie $180,000. 1805. Lieutenant ZEBULON M. PIKE 1842. Treaty establishing the boundary commenced his voyage to the sources of line between the United States and Canada the Missouri river, with a party of 22; across the state of Maine; the British they were taken by the Spaniards, and acquiring thereby a good portion of the returned the next year. latter state that of right belonged to the 1808. ROMANA, with 10,000 Spanish United States. troops, deserted the French army under 1844. Imprisonment for debt abolished Bernadotte, and were conveyed to Spain in England; the act taking effect on this in British transports. dav. 1809. The president of the United 1853. SAMUEL JONES, a New York jurist, States, THOMAS JEFFERSON, received official died, aged 80. information of the non-ratification of the 1855. SANTA ANNA left the city of British treaty, and suspended all inter- Mexico with 2600 men, under pretence of course with that country. putting down the revolution at Vera Cruz; 1811. Battle of Baza; the Spaniards but signed an abdication at Perote, and under Blake defeated by the French under sailed to Havana. On his departure a Soult; of 20,000 Spaniards not more than mob destroyed a large number of houses. 7,000 rallied again. 1812. Battle of Magauga; the British and Indians under major Muir and Tecum- AUGUST 10. seh, defeated by the United States troops under general Miller, and driven into 353. MAGNENTIUS, emperor of Rome, Brownstown, whence they escaped to Mal- killed. He was a German, and rose from den in boats. American loss 10 killed, 8 a private soldier to the throne. wounded. 1506. The island of Madagascar discov1814. Bombardment of Stoningt6n, by ered by the Portuguese. the British, commenced. It continued 1519. FERDINAND MAGELLAN sailed from three days. British loss 21 killed, 50 Seville with 5 ships and 234 men, on his wounded; American loss 6 wounded. voyage of discovery, which was continued 1815. Commodore DECATUR settled the round the world. differences between the United States and 1543. The Turks under Barbarossa and the dey of Tripoli. The dey made resti- the French under count d'Enguein astution of property and prisoners. saulted Nice, but were repulsed by Mont1815. The British ship Northumberland, ford, a Savoyard gentleman, and obliged 74 guns, admiral Cockburn, sailed from finally to raise the siege. Torbay with the exiled Napoleon for St. 1557. Battle of St. Quintin; the French Helena. under Montmorency defeated ]by the allies 1818. Captain Ross discovered the under Phillibert of Savoy and the earl of Esquimaux tribe of Indians, situated at Pembroke. The duke d'Enguein, 600 the north east corner of Baffin's bay, ex- gentlemen and 4,000 French were killed; tending on the sea shore 120 miles, and several dukes and many other officers of not exceeding 20 miles in breadth, and distinction, 300 gentlemen and 4,000 men 40 314 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 10. were taken prisoners, and all their stand- breach had been made. This was conards, cannon and ammunition fell into the sidered one of the greatest exploits during hands of the victors. the wars of queen Anne. 1607. JAMES MENOCHIUS died; an Italian 1709. LEwIS ANTHONY PROSPER HERISauthor of great repute in his day. SANT died.; an eminent French poet and 1630. Staten Island vas purchased of physician. the Indians by Michael Pauw, a Dutch sub- 1723. WILLIAM DUBOIS, cardinal and ject. It was the favorite spot of the primi- prime minister of France, died. He rose tive settlers. The Indians sold it twice from an apothecary's shop to rank, power, afterwards. and immense wealth. 1633. ANTHONY MUNDAY, an English 1749. THOMAS TOPHAM, an Englisman of dramatic author, died. remarkable strength, died. One of his 1637. EDWARD KING, a young English feats was that of throwing his horse over poet, drowned. His death gave rise to the the turnpike gate. He possessed the beautiful poem of Lycidias, by Milton, his strength of six ordinary men. friend. 1757. BENJAMIN HOADLEY, an English 1653. MARTIN HARPERTZOON VAN TROMP, physician, died; distinguished by several a Dutch admiral, killed in an e*agement able professional works, and a popular with the English fleet off the Texel. He comedy, the Suspicious Husband. entered the navy at the age of 8, and rose 1759. FERDINAND VI (the Wise), of Spain, from the lowest station to the chief cornm- died. mand. This brave man refused all titles 1760. Oswegatchie taken by the British. except that of father of the sailors. (July 1779. A destructive eruption of mount 31, o. s.) Vesuvius commenced and lasted several 1665. The French West India company, days. The country for several miles round purchased of the order of Malta, the islands was covered with lava. of St. Christopher, St. Cruz'and St. Bar- 1783. East India company's ship Antetholomew, for 500,000 livres turnois. lope, wrecked on the coast of Oorolong, 1669. HENRIETTA MARIA, queen dowager and the crew protected and aided by the to Charles I, died at St. Colombe, near king of the Pelew islands. Paris, in France. 1790. Captain JOHN GORE, who circum1672. JOHN DE WITT, the famous pen- navigated the earth three times, on the sionary of Holland, killed by a mob. "He third conducting home the ships after the was the zealous patron of the glory and death of Cooke and Clark, died, a captain liberty of his native country;- the greatest in Greenwich hospital. genius of his time; the ablest politician in 1791. WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, captain of war as well as peace; the Atlas of the the British provost in Boston and New commonwealth.", York during the revolutionary war, exe1674. HUGH PAULIN CRESSY, an English cuted in England for forgery. He confessed divine, died. He became a catholic, was to have starved more than 2,000 American much respected, and published some valu- prisoners in New York, by stopping their able works, particularly an able ecclesias- rations, which he sold; and to have hangtical history. ed upwards of 270 in a private manner. 1675. Corner stone for the foundation of 1792. The alarm bells rung in every the royal observatory was laid at Green- part of the city of Paris, and the drums wich, England. The edifice was erected by beat to arms, when an immense multitude Charles II, under the superintendence of attacked the palace of the Tuilleries. The sir Christopher Wren, and Flamsteed ap- Swiss guard at first repelled the populace; pointed astronomer-royal. but the assailants redoubling their efforts, 1675. PETER BALES,, an early and emi- the palace was carried by storm, the apnent English writing master, finished a partments, the passages and courts soon performance which contained the Lord's streamed with blood. The king, the queen, prayer, the creed, the decalogue, two short and the royal family, fled for refuge to the prayers in Latin, his own name, motto, the national assembly. Of the besiegers 3,740 date, and the year of the reign of Elizabeth, were killed, and 852 of those in the palwithin the circle of a penny, and so accu- ace. The Swiss guards, who heroically rately wrought as to be plainly legible. It defended the king, were inhumanily was enchased in a ring of gold, and present- butchered by the Marsellois. ed to the jzeen. 1792. LouIs BOUGAINVILLE, the French 1686. JOHN BAPTIST COTELERIUS, a learn- navigator, massacred at Paris. His dised Frenchman, died. He published the coveries were of importance to the French, works of all the fathers in the apostolic but neither his services nor his virtues age, with learned notes. could shield him against the furyof the mob. 1702. Lord CUTTS carried, sword in hand, 1793. Destruction of the tombs of the fort St. Michael, at Venlo, before any kings of France, at St Denis, by order of August 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 315 the national convention. The body of 1856. Last island, a summer resort in marshal Turenne, deposited there 1675, the gulph of Mexico, was destroyed by a was found apparently as fresh as ever. terrible storm of three days' duration. The 1794. Calvi, in Corsica, surrendered to island was entirely submerged, the houses the British, lord Hood, with the whole of swallowed up, and 173 persons lost. his army, after a siege of 51 days. 1856. JAMES MURDOCK, an eminent 1796. Battle of Bassano,, in Italy; Bona- American linguist and theologian, died, parte defeated the Austrians under Wurm- aged 80. He studied under president zer, took 5,000 prisoners, 25 cannon, &c. Dwight in 1802, and after preaching some1802. The sea at Teignmouth and coast time became a teacher, and finally an of Devonshire, England, rose and fell sev- author and translator. eral times two feet in ten minutes. 1812. The Russians under WITGENSTEIN attacked the French under Oudinot near AUGUST 11. Klaistitzy. The action continued into the following day, when the French were de- 50. The first of the month Thoth, in the feated with the loss of 5,000 killed, 3,000 movable Egyptian year, corresponded, as prisioners, 2 cannon., and all their ammu- Pliny intimates,with this Julian day (798 of nition wagons. the era of Narbonasser); and with the 30th 1813. Partial action in the night, onlake July, A. D. 97 (845 era Narb.), in the Ontario, between the United States, com- Greek month Metagitnion, as we collect modore Chancey, and British commodore from Plutarch. Yeo. The latter succeeded in capturing 1332. Battle of Gladsmuir, near St. schooners Julia, 3 guns, and Growler, 5 Johnstown, in which David of Scotland guns. * was defeated by Baliol. 1814. WILIUAM COWDROY, proprietor, 1454. NICHOLAS DE CUSA, an Italian editor and printer of the Matchester Ga- cardinal, died. He rose from extreme inzette, died. Some of his best editorials digence and obscurity by his own merit, were set in type without writing. to great dignity and fame. His talents and 1821. Missouri became one of the mem- learning were extraordinary; for besides bers of the United States confederacy. his profound knowledge of law and divin1821. The remains of the ill-fated Maj. ity, he was distinguished as a natural Andre disinterred and taken to England. philosopher and geometrician. 1838. A papal decree issued at Rome by 1576. MARTIN FROBISHER entered the the congregation of the supreme inqui- strait bearing his name. sition, forbidding the introduction of in- 1607. A party of English under George fant schools into the pontifical states. Popham landed at the mouth of the Saga1843. ROBERT ADRIAN, a skillful mathe- dahock or Kennebec river. It consisted of matician, and for some time professor in 100 men, with ordinance and all proviColumbia college, N. Y., died in his 68th sions necessary until they might receive year. farther supplies. Only 45 remained, who 1851. M. DAGUERRE, the inventor of the built a store house on Parker's island, and daguerreotype, died near Paris, aged 63. fortified it. His peculiar process was published by him 1642. JOHANNES MEGAPOLENSIS, the first in the autumn of 1839, and the French minister at Albany, arrived from Holland government awarded him a pension of to take charge of his church. 6,000 francs for his discovery. 1654. VIRG.LIO MALVEZZI, an Italian au1854. FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, king of thor, died. He quitted the law to enter Saxony, died at Munich, aged 57. His the Spanish service, at arms, and wrote in carriage was overturned as he rode into both languages. the city, and he was killed by a kick from 1673. Sanguinary engagement off the one of the horses. Texel between the combined English and 1854. A fire destroyed 180 houses at French fleets under Rupert and d'Estrees, Varna, in Turkey, and destroyed vast and the Dutch under De Ruyter and Corqu antities of stores belonging to the allies. nelius Tromp. Both sides claimed the7 1854. A violenttornado swept along the victory. Admiral Sprague was drowned, track of the Cleveland and Pittsburg rail his boat being sunk by a cannon shot. road, between Bedford and Macedonia, 1693. The. Indians of New Hampshire covering the track with large uprooted sued for peace, after a long and bloody trees, and causing great obstruction to the warfare with the English colonists, incited trains upon the road. by the French. 1855. Delegates met at the city of Mexi- 1718. Action off the coast of Sicily, beco, and chose general Carrera president for tween the British fleet, admiral Byng, six months, and ordained the freedom of and the Spanish fleet, under Castanats; the press. the latter lost 21 ships, captured and sunk 316 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 11. 1744. SARAH, duchess of Marlborough, who were driven to seek shelter where bequeathed to William Pitt ~10,000,"upon they could find it, in the midst of night, account of his merit in the noble defence while their valuables to a large amount he had made for the support of the laws were plundered. of England, and to prevent the ruin of his 1849. General G6RGEY, to whom the country." Hungarian diet had confided. its powers, 1766. ANN SOwERBY was burnt at York, surrendered his army to the Russian geneEngland, for poisoning her husband; one ral, Rudiger, at Vilagos, and the conquest of the last relics of this mode of capital of Hungary was consumated. punishment. 1849. A proclamation was issued by the 1768. PETER COLLINSON died; an emi- president of the United States, warning all nent Englishbotanist and naturalhistorian. citizens against connecting themselves 1772. A charged closud at Java destroyed with an armed expedition believed to be 2,000 persons. fitting out with the intention to invade the 1778. AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE TOPLADY island of Cuba, or some of the provinces of died; an eminent English Calvinistic di- Mexico. vine and theological writer. 1853. JOHN DOWNEs, an American com1781.'The British took into New York modore, died at Charlestown, Mass., aged the American frigate Trumbull. Congress 69. He entered the navy in 1802, was in had then but two frigates left. active service during the war of 1812, and 1782. British evacuated Savannah. commanded the Potomac, which bombard1787. First bishop appointed for Nova ed the piratical town of Quallah Battoo, in Scotia. First bishops in England, 694; reprisal for injuries done American sailors Denmark, 939; form of consecrating bish- by the Malay pirates. ops in England ordained, 1549; the office 1853. Great heat from this'day to the abolished by parliament, 1646; restored, 14th throughout the United States, and 1660; first episcopal bishop in America, Canada; the thermometer everywhere 1784; first catholic, 1789. ranging at about 1000 Fahrenheit; 200 1794. Battle of Wilna; the Poles defeated deaths in New York on the last of these by the Russians, and the town taken by days, and the total deaths of the four days assault. from that cause exceeded 400. 1809. Battle near Almonacid; the Spani- 1855. SAMUEL J. PETERS died at New ards defeated by the French under Joseph Orleans, aged 54. He held various offices, Bonaparte, and compelled to retreat, after and the city owed much of its prosperity nine hours' hard fighting. to his energy and enterprise. 1810. Severe earthquake at St. Michaels, one of the Azores, which continued two days; 22 houses swallowed up. AUGUST 12. 1813. HENRY JAMES PYE, an English poet, died. Having ruined his fortune, he 403 B. c. Act of amnesty, which restored was gratified with the office of poet lau- the Athenian democracy, between Thrareate, and left many poems, original and sybulus and the decemvirate, in the archtranslated. onship of Euclides, 12th of Boedromion1818. NIKOLAI I. NOVIKOV, sometimes the year when Thucydides returned from calledthe Franklin of Russia, died, aged 74. exile. Certain it is that by his activity and taste 243 B. C. Liberation of Corinth, by Arahe contributed not a little to the improve- tus, in his 2d prwetoiship. ment of Russian literature. 1099. Battle of Ascalon; the Saracens 1822. SAMUEL, AUCHMUTY, commander- under the sultan of Egypt defeated by in-chief of the British forces in Ireland, Godfrey de Bouillon, and totally overdied. He was a native of New York, who thrown. took the side of the British in the revolu- 1204. BONIFACE, marquis of Montferrat, tionary contest, and held various honorable disposed of th3 isle of Candia, with the and lucrative stations under the British ruins of a hundred cities, to the Venitians, government. for 10,000 marks. 1831. Barbadoes destroyed by a hurri- 1241. GREGORY IX, pope, died. He incane. It commenced at 3 P. M., and cited the European powers to undertake a continued two hours; 5,000 persons per- crusade, which was joined by Frederick of ished; the houses were mostly destroyed, Germany, who had been twice excommuand the face of the country changed to a nicated. desert; Reither trees nor vegetables were 1332. Battle of Duplin moor; Edward left standing. Baliol defeated the Scots with terrible 1834. The Ursuline convent at Charles- slaughter. Donald, earl of Mar, the new town, Mass., destroyed by a protestant regent, fell with the host. mob. The house was occupied by females, 1417. HENRY V, by. a letter to his chan August 12.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 317 cellor, dated Tonques, in Normandy, gave under a powerful and sagacious warrior, directions for the sealing annuities of;~6 against the English, not a vestige of whom 13s. 4d. each, to seventeen masters of the would have been left had they been vic"grete shippes, carracks,. barges and ba- torious. As it was, several of the tribes lyngers," belonging to the royal navy. were annihilated; a miserable remnant of 1560. THOMAS PHAER, an English phy- the others incorporated themselves with sician, died. He published various medi- distant and strange nations. In this short cal works, chiefly compiled from the but tremendous war, about 600 of the French, and translated a part of the white inhabitants, composing its principal i3neid. strength, were either killed in battle or 1577. THOMAS SMITH died; a learned murdered; 12 towns entirely destroyed, English statesman, historian, and critic, and 600 dwellings burnt. The English and secretary of state under Edward VI, triumphed, indeed, but the ravages of the and Elizabeth. enemy left them in a deplorable condition. 1606. HENRY CHALLONS sailed in a ship 1689. INNOCENT XI (Benedict Odescalchi), of 50 tons to make farther discoveries on pope, died. He effected several important the coast of North Virginia, and if it and useful measures and reformations should appear expedient to leave as many during his reign. men as he could spare in the country. He 1712. The first stamp on English newswas fitted out by lord chief-justice Pop- papers used this day. ham, sir Ferdinando Gorges and others of 1715. NAHUM TATE" an English dramathe Plymouth company. tic writer and poet, died. He succeeded 1652. Cardinal MAZARINE exiled the Shadw6ll as poet laureate, and assisted in second time from France. a version of the Psalms. 1652. An act of the protectorate for the 1724. Battle of Norridgewock, in New settlement of Ireland. Hampshire, and death of Ralle. He was a 1662. CHARLES SEYMOUR, "the proud Jesuit, and a principal agent in instigating duke of Somerset," died. He was in office the Indians against the English colonies; under several succesive sovereigns. had resided at this place twenty-six years, 1676. King PHILIP (or Metacom), killed and become thoroughly acquainted with at Mount Hope, in Rhode Island, whether the country. An expedition was fitted out he had been driven by the English, as a to destroy his den. The place was attacklast refuge. One of his confederates pro- ed by 240 men, and carried. Ralle was posing peace, so irritated Philip that he found in his cabin firing upon the Engkilled him. A brother of the murdered lish; orders had been given to take him Indian repaired to the English camp, and alive, if possible; but refusing to ask offered to lead them to Philip's retreat. quarter he was shot down. Eighty were Captain Church set out with a small body killed, among which were some of the of men, accompanied by a few friendly most noted warriors of the tribe, and the Indians, and attacked the chief in his den. remnant scattered. Ralle was a man of He formed his men in extended order, extensive learning, and of great service to placing an Englishman and an indian to' the French; he wrote a dictionary of the gether, with orders to fire on any who Norridgewock language, which was taken, should attempt to escape. At the dawn and is deposited in Harvard library. He of day the sentinels alarmed the camp, was sent out as a missionary, had acquired when Philip seized his arms and attempt- the languages of nearly all the tribes in ed to escape; as he approached two of America, and spent thirty-seven years Church's guards, the Englishman leveled among them. his gun, which missed fire; the Indian 1728. WILLIAM SHERARD (Sherwood), an sent two balls through his body, one of eminent English botanist and antiquarian, which piercing his.heart, laid him dead died. He spent the greater part of his upon the spot. When the battle was over, life, abroad, in the pursuit of his favorite the English repaired to the place where studies, and founded a professorship of he lay. He had fallen on his face in a botany at Oxford. muddy spot of the ground, from which he 1759. Battle of Kunersdorf; the Pruswas drawn; the head was taken off and sians under Frederick II defeated with the body left to be devoured by wild great loss by the Russians and Austrians. beasts. Thus fell a powerful chief, and a The allies by their own confession lost ferocious savage. It was then hailed with 24,000 men, says Gillies (Smollet says joy as the extinction of a virulent and im- 10,000); the Prussians fought desperately placable enemy; but is now often viewed and left 20,000 dead on the field, among as the fall of a great statesman and a whom were several generals. The king mighty prince, who died in defence of his had two horses killed under him, and his just rights. This was a war of extermina- clothes perforated by several balls. He tion; it was a general rising of the Indians, lost his whole train of artillery. 318 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 12. 1759. EWALD CMUSTIANr E D KLEIST, a 88. He was a native of Switzerland, and Prussian general and poet, killed at the emigrated to America in 1780. He settled battle of Kunersdorf. in Pennsylvania, and became soon a pro1765. The great mogul constituted the minent member of the legislature, and East India company receivers of all the then of congress. He was secretary of revenues of Bengal, Bahar, and Orissa. state under Jefferson, and spent many 1778. The French fleet under count years abroad as American minister. d'Estaing dispersed in a gale off Rhode 1851. The steamer Prometheus arrived Island, and much damaged. in New York from San Juan, the Atlantic 1778. ROBERT GOADBY died; an Eng- terminus of the Nicaragua route, now for lish printer and bookseller, and author of the first time opened. several useful publications. 1854. Lord JOCELYN died in London, 1801. THOMAS HASTINGS, author of the aged 38; military secretary of the Chinese Wars of Westminster, and other political expedition, and author of Six Months in papers, died. He was an itinerant book- China. seller. 1803. Agra taken by the British under.the duke of Wellington. Among the tro- AUGUST 13. phies was an immense gun, 25 feet long, said to have carried shot into the camp of 582. TIBERIUS II, emperor of Constanthe British, though out of the range of all tinople, died. His character was conordinary weapons, also a howitzer 14 feet spicuous for humanity, justice, temperance long and 22 inches calibre, throwing a and fortitude. shot of 1,494 lbs. 587. RAnEGONDE, the queen of Clotaire. 1805. Capt. LEwiS arrived at the head of France, died. At the age of 18 she reof the Missouri river, and having crossed nounced paganism, and was celebrated for the mountain this day struck the waters her personal charms, and, devotedness to of the Columbia, in the Shoshone country, religious duties. which he named Lewis's river. 875. LonUi II, king of France and em1806. Spaniards recaptured Buenos Ay- peror of Germany, died. He was a brave res, and made the British troops there; and virtuous monarch. prisoners. 1415. HENRY V of England sailed for 1811. MIRANDA reduced New Valentia, the, conquest of France with a fleet of in South America. about 1,300 vessels, and landed his force 1812. Lord WELLINGTON entered Madrid, at Harfleur on the second day following, Joseph Bonaparte having evacuated it the consisting of 24,000 foot and 6,500 cavalry. day before. 1482, SIXTUS IV (Francis.llbecola), pope, 1812. Sanguinary battle on the heights, died. He was the son of a fisherman at near Kobrine, between the allied French, Geneva, became professor of divinity at Austrian and Saxon army, under Schwart- Padua, and rose by degrees to the papal zenberg, and the Russians under Tormo- chair. zoff. The latter retired with the loss of 1521. CORTEZ retook the city of Mexico, 4,000; loss of the allies 5,000. Many assisted'by 10,000 Tlascalans, and an inofficers of rank were wounded on both numerable host of other Indian allies from sides. the neighboring nations, whom he had at1813. SAMaUtL OsaDoo, an officer of the re- tached to. his service. It was not, however, volution, and for a time postmaster-gener- till, after seventy-five days of fierce and al, died, aged 65. He published several almost daily fighting, that he accomplished works: of a religious character. his victory.. On, no occasion did native 1814. LoDowicK MORGAN, major let U. Americans so bravely oppose European S. rifle regiment, killed, with 10 of his troops; but the superior discipline of the men, in an attack on the British near fort Spaniards carried the'day: and thus a Erie. daring adventurer, regarded and treated 1822. ROBERT STUART, lord Castlereagh, by his countrymen as a rebel, after a bloody premier of England, committed suicide by struggle, gained possession of a country opening the jugular vein with a penknife. which for more than three centuries formed 1828. WILLIAM BLAKE, an English paint- one of the brightest gems in the Castilian er, died. He is described as a gentle vi- crown. It is computed that during this, sionary in shapes and fancies, and airy siege 100,000 Mexicans were slain and 50,somethings upon paper. 000 died of sickness and famine. The 1830. First American rail road, Mohawk inhabitants being ordered to leave the city and Hudson, between Albany and Sohe- without arms or baggage, the three roads nectady, completed. leading from it were full of men, women 1849. ALBERT GALLATIN, a statesman and children, in the most wretched condiand scholar, died at Astoria, N. Y., aged tion, for three days and nights, seeking an August 13.] EVrERY DAY BOOK. 319 asylum in the open country. The city At the same time a British ship of 50 guns contained at this time 50,000 houses. attacked another of d'Estaing's ships, of Sixty dangerous battles were fought in 80 guns, having only her mainmast standwhich 100 Spaniards were killed, or taken ing, but was also beat off. and sacrificed, and some thousands of the 1782. HENRY LEWIS DU HAMEL died at allies slain. Paris; eminent for his knowledge of 1535. HIPPOLYTO DE MEDICIS, an Italian mechanics, agriculture and commerce. cardinal, died. He possessed great talents 1786. GILBERT STUART, an eminent as a negotiator and military man. Scottish historian, died. 1553. The chaplain of bishop Bonner 1794. Battle of Bellegarde, between the preached a sermon at St. Paul's abusing French and Spanish. The action was a the administration of the late Edward, severe one; both claimed the victory. whereupon the people very much abused 1806. MIRANDA abandoned his conhim; but he was rescued by two protestant quests on the Spanish main, and sailed to ministers. Aruba. 1587. MANTEO, a friendly Indian, who 1808. The French in the night raised had been to England, was baptized, ac- the siege of Saragossa, in Spain. It had cording to a previous order of sir Walter been most nobly defended since July 2d, Raleigh, and in reward of his faithful ser- by general Palafox and the countess de vice to the English, was called lord of Burita, who raised a company of ladies, Roanoke and Desamonguepeuk. that exposed themselves to the greatest 1636. DE VRIES, who had been two personal dangers and fatigues. years on the coast of America, with a view 1810. JAMES FRANCIS MENON, a French to settling a colony, entered on his diary general and politician, died. He was in this day, that he requested Wouter Van the employ of the national convention Twiller to put Staten island down to his and of Bonaparte. name, intending to form a colony there, 1812. The British sloop of war Alert, which was done, and two days after he attacked the United States frigate Essex, sailed on his return to Holland. captain Porter, and after an action of eight 1660. A proclamation was issued by minutes struck her colors with seven feet Charles II against dueling. of water in her hold, much cut to pieces 1667. JEREMY TAYLOR died; an eminent and three men wounded. The Alert had English theological writer and controver- been sent out to capture the Hornet, and sialist. mounted twenty 18 lb. carronades, and 1704. Battle off Malaga, between the had 130 men. British fleet of 33 ships of the line and sev- 1817. JOHN BEALE, aged 87, a member eral frigates, admiral Rooke and Cloudesley of the society of Friends, died at his reShovel, and the French fleet of 54 ships sidence in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in and 24 galleys. The action continued all the same house in which he was born, day, and at night the French bore off. No having never resided in any other. vessels were taken by either. 1819. Just after a brilliant meteor a mass 1743. FRANCIS PECK died; an eminent of gelatinous and very fetid matter fell at English antiquary, biographer and critic. Amherst, Mass. 1762. Cuba surrendered to the British. 1822. An earthquake devastated the The booty was great; ~3,000,000 in specie, greater part of Syria. It began about half large quantities of goods and munitions of past nine in the evening, and in ten or war, 9 ships of the line and 4 frigates. It twelve seconds, Aleppo, Antioch, and every was exchanged into the hands of the village and detached cottage in the pashaSpanish again the next year for the Flori- lic of Aleppo, and several towns in the addas. joining territories, were entirely ruined. 1775. WASHINGTON informed congress There were 20,000 people destroyed by it, that the whole stock of powder in New and as many more maimed or wounded. England amounted to no more than 9,927 1826. LAENNEC died; author of the pounds, about 9 rounds to a man. Al-.Auscultation System of Ascertaining Diseases though this information was communicat- of the Lungs. ed to the British by a deserter, they could 1838. JOHN FARMER, an American arnot believe it possible that the Americans chweologist, died. He published several possessed such consummate assurance as works relating to the early history of the to continue to invest them in Boston, country, which evince great patience and while so destitute of ammunition. industry, and bring to light many mi1778. The Languedoc of 90 guns, count portant facts which would have perished d'Estaing's flag ship, having lost her rud- otherwise. For some time previous to his der and masts in the storm of the day be- death he was engaged in arranging the fore, was attacked by the British ship state papers in the public offices at ConRenown, 50 guns, which was beaten of. cord, containing the old ptevince and 320 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 14. council records, and revolutionary papers. 1613. JOHN HARRINGTON, an English By supplying omissions, transcribing pa- nobleman, died, aged 22. He was distinpers that were scarcely legible, and having guished for the talents and genius which. them arranged and bound, the state of he displayed at a very early age. New Hampshire has a very complete set of 1621. An army of fourteen men sent out its early records. from Plymouth colony to awe the Indians. 1841. J. B. RICHSONVILLE, principal chief Corbitant, a petty chief, had seized Squanto, of the Miami nation, died near fort Wayne, a friendly Indian, and threatened MassaIndiana, aged 80. He is said to have left soit; the menaces of revenge in case of $200,000 in specie, besides immense quan- any disturbances, are said to have settled ities of valuable real estate. all difficulties. 1842. THOMAS P. EMMET, son of Thomas 1678. Three days after the conclusion of Addis Emmet, and a contributor to Silli- a peace between France and Holland, the man's Journal, died in New York, aged 47. prince of Orange fell upon the marshal of 1851. The people of Litchfield county, Luxemburg, by which 4,000 lives were Connecticut, celebrated the two hundredth sacrificed. anniversary of its settlement. 1681. The Scottish parliament adopted 1854. General PAIXHANS died at his a resolution asserting that difference in reestate of Jouy-aux-Arches, near Metz, ligion does not bar the right of succession, aged 72. He was renowned by his con- or make void the magistrate's just and nection with the artillery, and especially lawful authority. with the celebrated gun which bears his 1711. Sir HOVEDEN WALKER, with the name. British and colonial fleet intended to in1854. At Marysville, Kentucky, a powder vade Canada, arrived at the mouth of the magazine, containing 800 kegs, was fired, St. Lawrence. A succession of untoward and the explosion caused the entire de- winds and accidents rendered it necessary struction of 13 houses, involving a great to put back soon after, without accomloss of property. plishing any thing. 1756. Fort Oswego capitulated to the French under Montcalm. It was comAUGUST 14. manded by colonel Mercer with 1,400 men. Montcalm besieged it with an army of 394 B. c. An eclipse of the sun noticed 5,000. Colonel Mercer was killed by a by Xenophon, which just preceded the cannon ball on the 13th, and there being battle of Coronea, where Agesilaus stood no probability of aid, the fort surrendered his ground against the Greek confederates. on condition that they should be exempted Xenophon, who fought under the Spartan, from plunder, conducted to Montreal, and describes it as the most desperate conflict treated with humanity. The terms were in his time. agreed to, the garrison marched out, and 376 B. c. CHABRAS defeated the Lacedae- the fort was demolished. monian fleet off Naxos, full moon of 1761. Action between British ships BelBoedromion. The youth Phocion here lona and Brilliant, and one French ship distinguished himself. and three frigates. The Frenchmen were 1211. LLEWELLYN, prince of Wales, made captured with the loss of 240 killed and his submission to king John of England, 110 wounded; British loss 6 killed, 28 and delivered 28 hostages at the foot of wounded. Snowden, for his good faith. These young 1775. The celebrated Liberty Tree of noblemen were hanged the ensuing year. Boston consecrated, by exposing on it the 1248. The great cathedral of Cologne effigies of the men who had rendered commenced. It was prosecuted at inter- themselves odious by their agency in provals during 200 years, and then suspended curing the passage of the stamp act. A 400 years. It was taken up again with copper plate 30 inches by 42 was fixed upnew vigor in 1842, and became a popular on it, bearing the inscription in golden enterprise of the day to strive for its com- letters-The Tree of Liberty,.dug. 14, 1765. pletion. Ten years afterwards the British cut it 1433. JOHN I, king of Portugal, died. It down, at which time it had been planted was under his reign that the Portuguese 119 years. They left nothing but the began their famous discoveries.. stump above ground-the root they could 1457. JOHN FAUST and PETER SCHOEFFER not exterminate. It produced fourteen published at Mainz the Psalter, supposed cords of wood. One of the party engaged to be the first printed book of any magnir in demolishing it lost his life. tude, on record. 1775. ARNOLD left the camp at Cam1464. Pius II (.Eneas Sylvius), pope, bridge, with a detachment of 1,000 Amedied; celebrated for his wise and witty ricans, to penetrate into Canada by way of sayings. Kennebec river and the wilderness. They August 14.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 321 reached Quebec after great suffering from 1839. MARIE JEANNE ROBIN died at New fatigue, hunger and cold. Orleans, aged 108. 1776. Constitution of Maryland adopted. 1840. The steam packet Britannia ar1776. Lords DUNMORE and CAMPBELL, rived at Liverpool in 10 days from Halifax, and sir PETER PARKER, joined lord Howe the quickest passage hitherto made beat Staten island, having taken from the tween the American continent and EngVirginians about 1,000 negroes. land. 1779. American general LOVEL raised 1846. JosHUA L. WILSON, pastor of the the siege of Penobscot, having sustained first presbyterian church erected in Cinvery considerable loss of stores, 19 armed cinnati, died there, aged 72. He was born vessels, besides transports, &c. in Virginia, and brought up in Kentucky 1787. EDMUND LAW, bishop of Carlisle, as a blacksmith. He was a preacher of died, aged 84; an eminent theological the highest character and influence, during writer. a ministry of 38 years. 1788. THOMAS SHERIDAN died, aged 67; 1850. GERARD TROOST died at Nashville, an eminent English actor, philological Tenn., aged 74. He was a native of Holwriter, and lexicographer, son of Thomas land, who came to this country in 1810. Sheridan, the divine and poet. He was first president of the Academy of 1788. First newspaper in Goshen, Orange natural sciences, at Philadelphia, and for a county. long time professor in the university at 1790. AGOSTINO CARLINI, a Genoese sta- Nashville, and also geologist of the state. tuary, died at London, where he was 1856. WILLIAM BUCKLAND, an English keeper of the Royal academy. He was divine, died, aged 72. He is best known celebrated for the grace and skill with by his scientific pursuits, particularly in which he executed drapery. mineralogy and geology, upon which sub1794. GEORGE COLMAN (the elder), died, jects he published valuable treatises. aged 61; an eminent English scholar and dramatic writer. 1794. Le Quesnoy taken by the French AUGUST 15. republican army. The garrison consisting of 28,000 men, were made prisoners of 1356 B. C. The Eleusinia, or great Grewar. cian mysteries, founded in this year, so 1799. Battle of Novi; between the celebrated throughout the classical world, French under Joubert and the allied Rus- were observed by the Athenians at Eleusian, Austrian and Piedmontese armies, sis, every fifth year for nine days, comunder Suwarrow. Joubert wasmortall y mencing on the 15th Boedromion; introwounded. duced in memory of Ceres. 1813. Action between United States brig 310 B. c. AGATHOCLES landed in Africa Argus, 20 guns, lieutenant Allen, and Brit- during an eclipse of the sun, not many ish brig Pelican, captain Maples. The weeks subsequent to his defeat by the Argus was captured in 43 minutes, with Carthagenians at Himera. Epicurus began the loss of lieutenant Allen and 8 others in that year to teach at Mitylene and killed, mostly officers. She had taken, Lampsacus. prior to her capture, 19 British vessels 423. HONORIUS, emperor of Rome, died; prizes. who, with his brother Arcadius, first divi1814. British captured, off fort Erie, two ded the empire into east and west soveUnited States schooners, laden with pro- reignties. visions for the garrison of that fort. The 718. The second and memorable siege fort was bombarded same day. of Constantinople (under the reign of 1814. The Swedish army having ob- Leo the Isaurian), by the Saracens, raised. tained possession of several strong places It commenced, according to Theophanes, irz Norway, prince Christian resigned his on the same day of the preceding year. pretensions to that crown, and his resigna- 1038. STEPHEN I, of Hungary, died. He tion was followed by the union of Norway introduced Christianity into his kingdom, and Sweden. and enacted wise laws for the benefit of 1819. ERIK ACHARIUS, an eminent Swed- his people. ish physician and botanist, died, aged 1096. The princes of the crusade began 82. their march through Germany. 1837. A great fete for the inauguration 1118. ALPXIUS COMNENUS I, emperor of of the statue by Thorwaldsen to Gutten- Constantinople, died. He usurped the berg, one of the inventors or improvers of throne 1080, and distinguished himself in the art of printing, at Mainz. It continued his wars with the Turks. three days, and was attended by about 1279. ALBERT (the great), of Brunswick, 20,000 strangers from different parts of died; a monk who acquired great knowGermany. ledge in an age of ignorance. 41 322 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 15. 1369. PHILIPPA, of England, died; 1771. Birthday of sir WALTER SCOTT, memorable for her humanity towards the at Edinburgh. six condemned citizens of Calais, when 1780. American general SUMPTER atthat city fell into the hands of Edward. tacked and carried a redoubt on the Wa1635. Great storm in New England. teree, and intercepted a convoy from fort The tide rose 20 feet, a great many houses Ninety-six, with 40 wagons loaded with and plantations were destroyed, and the stores, and took 100 prisoners. Narragansetts were obliged to climb trees 1782. Briant's Station, near Lexington, for safety; the tide of flood returning Ky., attacked by 500 Indians and Canabefore the usual time, many of them were dians, who were repulsed, and retreated drowned. on the third day, having lost 30 killed. 1656. JAMES BOWELS, a native of Killing- 1786. THoMAs TRYWHITT, an English worth, England, died, aged 152. antiquary and critic, died; author of 1661. THOMAS FULLER, an English his- several learned works, and one of the torian and divine, died. It is said of his many commentators on Shakspeare. memory, among other incredible things, 1793. LevEe en masse was proposed in that he could repeat a sermon verbatim on the French assembly which proved the once hearing it. foundation of the famous but tyrannical 1702. Unsuccessful attack of the British conscription act of Napoleon. under admiral Rooke and the duke of Or- 1794. French convention ordered the mond, on Cadiz. French and American flags to be united 1702. Battle of Lauzara, in Italy, be- and hung up together in the hall of their tween the allies under prince Eugene, and sitting. James Monroe was received as the French under the duke de Vendome. minister from the United States. 1725. GERARD NOODT, an eminent Dutch 1799. The French under MASSENA decivilian, died. feated the Austrians and Russians under 1728. The queen of Sardinia died; she the archduke Charles, at Richterswyl, Etwas the daughter of Charles I of Eng- zel and Schwindelezzi, in Switzerland. land. Lecourbe forced the famous pass of the 1729. BENJAMIN NEUKIRCH, a German Devil's bridge, took possession of St. poet, died. He deserves a placein history Gothard, and seized on the Valois. rather as having taken the first step to 1801. CHARLES LouIS L'HERITIER DE reform German literature, than as a good BRUTELLE, a French botanist, assassinated. writer. He published Stirpes Nove, a splendid 1733. A Roman pavement of mosaic book, and was engaged in preparing a work discovered in Little St. Helen's, work on English plants. Bishop gate street, London; supposed to 1802. BONAPARTE invested with the sole have lain over 1700 years. power of nominating his successor and of 1741. BEHRING discovered East cape, the appointing two subordinate consuls, and easternmost point of Asia. nominating a large number of additional 1746. NICHOLAS HUBERT DE MONGAULT, senators, &c. an ingenious and learned French critic, 1812. British general BROCK summoned died. the city of Detroit to surrender, occupied 1751. THOMAS SHAW, an English divine by general Hull. and antiquary, died; a writer on Barbary 1812. Battle of fort Chicago; the garriand the Levant. son, consisting of 54 regulars and 12 mili1758. Kustrin, the capital of the new tia, was attacked by the Indians and after march of Brandenburg, bombarded by a resolute resistance of some hours, in the Russians, and reduced to a heap of which 26 of the regulars, all the militia, ruins. 2 women and 12 children, were killed, 1758. PIERRE BOUGUER, a celebrated they surrendered on the promise of proFrench mathematician, died. He was tection. The survivors, however, 25 men employed to measure a degree of the me- and 11 women, were brutally massacred. ridian in Peru, a difficult task, which he 1814. Assault on fort Erie by the British accomplished with great fidelity. under colonel Drummond, who were re1760. LacY RYaN died; an English dra- pulsed with great loss. The attack commatic writer, but more eminent as an menced at 2 o'clock in the morning, and actor. it was a part of the British orders that no 1764. IwAN, son of prince Anthony quarters should be given. The action was Ulric, of Russia, massacred in prison by desperate and bloody; the British lost by his keepers. He was grandson of Peter official report, 57 killed, 309 wounded, 539 the Great, and had been kept in prison missing-by another account they lost 222 almost from his birth. killed, 174 badly wounded, and 186. pri1769. Birthday of NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, soners, besides 200 killed at Snake Hill. at Ajaccio, in the island of Corsica. Colonel Drummond was killed; acting up August 15.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 323 to his barbarous order, when a wounded know if there are two summers and two American officer asked quarter, he shot winters in the same year." him with a pistol, whereupon a soldier 1513. Battle of the Spurs, in France, leveled his piece and shot Drummond in between the French, and the English unthe breast. Total American loss, 93- der Henry VIII, at Guingette. It received killed 26, wounded 92, missing 11. its title from the flight of the French gen1815. JOHN MEERMAN, a celebrated Dutch darmerie, and the pursuit of the English, author, died. Under Bonaparte he was in which the contest was one of speed. made directorof the fine arts and minister 1519. CORTEZ set out-from his colony of of public instruction, and became a count Villarica on his expedition to Mexico, of the empire and senator. His library with 415 Spanish infantry, 16 horses, 200 sold in 1824 for 131,000 florins. Indians to transport his artillery and bag1816. Great fire at Constantinople; 1200 gage, and some native troops, among houses and 3000 shops and magazines which were 40 nobles, whom he took as destroyed. auxiliaries in war, and hostages of the To1844. WILLIAM LEET STONE, a New York tonecas. editor, died, aged 52. tie published me- 1604. HUBERTUs GIFANIUS, a Dutch critic moirs of Brant, and of Red Jacket, and and civilian, died at Prague. He wrote some other works, and edited for a long notes and commentaries on Homer, Aristime the New York Commercial Advertiser. totle, Lucretius, and other authors, and He was also superintendent of common was a noted professor of philosophy. schools in that city. 1654. Onondaga salt springs disco1849. Riot at Montreal; house of L. H. vered. Lafontaine, head of the Canadian minis- 1677. The second ship from England try, was assailed by a mob. Fire arms arrived at West Jersey, bringing 230 paswere discharged from the building, by sengers, most of whom were quakers, some which one person was killed, and the rest of good estates in England. driven back. 1681. NIKON, a celebrated person in the 1851. A violent and destructive tornado annals of Russia, died. He was the sixth occurred at St. Louis, Missouri. patriarch in the Russian church. 1853. A conspiracy discovered in Rome; 1705. Battle between the French and 146 persons arrested. Imperialists at Cassino in Italy. Both claim1854. STEPHEN SIMPSON, died at Phila- ed the victory and sang a Te Deum. delphia. He was at one period of his 1718. Action off Sicily, between the life an editor, and gained considerable British and Spanish squadrons, in which celebrity as a political writer, especially the latter were defeated, and several large against the United States bank, over the vessels taken or destroyed. signature of Brutus, in Duane'sA.durora. 1721. No. 1 of the New England Couerant was issued. James Franklin, brother to Benjamin, was the publisher. It lived AUGUST 16. only about six years. 1730. LAWRENCE ECHARD, an English 1191. The Saracen hostages, 2500 in historian and divine, died. His works number, put to the sword beneath the were creditable performances. walls of Acre, by ordeA of Richard, with 1733. MATTHEW TINDAL, a celebrated the sanction of his confederates. The galls English polemical writer, died. of the murdered infidels were converted 1738. JOSEPH MILLER, better known as into Christian medicines. Joe Miller, died. He was an English come1380. JOHN of Gaiint erected a court of dian, and the compiler of a popular jest minstrels at Tutbury, England, with legal book. jurisdiction over the men in that profes- 1777. Battle of Bennington; general sion in five counties. It consisted of a Stark with about 1600 New Hampshire king and four other officers, who had sove- militia, attacked and defeated a detachreign authority upon this day. ment of 1500 British regulars and 100 1424. Battle of Verneuil, in France; the Indians, sent out by Burgoyne, under the French and Scotch under Buchan, consta- command of the Hessian generals, Baum ble of France, defeated by the English. and Breymen, to take a magazine at BenThe Scottish auxiliaries were nearly anni- nington. British loss 226 killed, and 33 hilated. officers and 700 privates prisoners; they 1494. FERDINAND and Isabella addressed lost four cannon, with all their baggage, letters of approbation to their high admi- wagons and horses. Americans lost less ral of the Indian seas, Columbus, from than 100 killed and wounded. Segovia, wishing " to know all the seasons 1780. Battle of Camden; the Americans of the year, such as they take place there under general Gates totally defeated by in each month separately: some wish to the British under Cornwallis. Baron De 324 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 16. Kalb received 11 wounds in this engage- in open boats, were captured and shot at ment, which proved mortal. Havana. 1792. First theatre opened in Boston. 1854. The Russians blew up the fortifiIt was called the New Exhibition Room; the cations at Hangho, in sight of the allied statute of the state prohibiting dramatic fleets; the evacuation of the Principalities performances, they advertised to represent by them'was continued. the inoral lecture of Douglas! One even- 1854. The allied fleets in the Baltic acing, about two months after, as sir Peter complished the final conquest of the Boand lady Teazle were representing their marsund forts, situated on the largest of parts of the moral lecture of School for the Aland islands, accompanied by the Scandal, the sheriff made his first appear- capture of 2000 Russians. ance on that stage, and arrested them by 1855. Battle of Tchernaya; the Russians virtue of a peace warrant. under Gortschakoff attacked with great 1800. SAMUEL BARRINGTON died; a dis- force the lines of the allies, and drove in tinguished admiral in the British navy. the outposts, defended by the Sardinians; 1806. Action between the French ship but after a severe contest were driven Veteran, under Jerome Bonaparte, and 6 back with great loss; 4000 supposed to British vessels of the Quebec fleet, home- have been killed, and 2200 left prisoners ward bound, which were captured. and wounded. Loss of the allies 1200, of 1812. Detroit surrendered by general whom 200 were Sardinians. Hull to the British under general Brock, 1856. HENRY COLBURN, an eminent Lonwithout firing a gun from the fort or con- don publisher, died. He brought out the suiting an officer. The American force works of Bulwer, D'Israeli, Hook, Maryamounted to 1100 men. The British took att and James, and originated several very about 40 cannop, 2500 stand of arms, 400 popular magazines. rounds 241b. shot fixed, 40 barrels powder, 100,000 musket cartridges made, and 15 days' provisions. 1814. The United States fleet, employed AUGUST. 17. in the expedition to Mackinaw having failed in its object, colonel Croghan re- 1408. JOHN GOWER, an early English embarked his troops. poet, died. He was a member of the bar, 1824. CHARLES THOMSON, died, aged 94. and a severe contemner of the vices of the He was the first secretary of congress, in age. which office he continued 15 years. The 1483. EDWARD V of England, and his Indians called him The man of truth. He brother the duke of York, smothered in translated the Septuagint in 4 vols. 8vo. prison by order of the duke of Gloucester, 1825. The northern sea discovered by their guardian. captain Franklin, who traced the Macken- 1502. COLUMBUS sent his brother Barzie river to its source. tholomew on shore at Orejas, and took 1844. TURHAND KIRTLAND, aged 89, died possession of South America in the name at Poland, Ohio. He was one of the pio- of Ferdinand and Isabella. neers of the Northern Ohio, then called 1544. St. Dizier surrendered to the emNew Connecticut. peror Charles V, after a noble defence 1848. An immense conflagration at Con- made by the French governor. stantinople consumed about 2500 shops 1590. The governor of the colony of and 500 houses. Roanoke returned from England, Whither 1848. A serious insurrection took place he had been for supplies (see August at Ceylon against the British authorities, 27), and found the settlement deserted, which was subdued by strong measures. the houses taken down, and the word 1851. GEORGE MCCLURE, a general in Croatoan written upon the trees. He was the war of 1812, died at Elgin. Illinois, compelled to return without finding the aged 80. He resided a long time at Bath, place of their removal. Steuben county, N. Y., was many years 1657. ROBERT BLAKE died; one of the member of assembly from that county, inost intrepid and successful admirals that and at different times judge, surrogate and have adorned the British navy. sheriff. 1673. REGNIER DE GRAAF died in France, 1851. STEPHEN OLIN, an eloquent Metho- where he acquired great celebrity as a phydist divine, died at Middletown, where he sician and a writer; aged 32. was president of the University, aged 54. 1679. JONAS MOORE, an English matheHe held the presidency of Macon college matician, died; noted in the reigns of also, in 1833; and is known as an author. Charles I and II for his labor and enter1851. The division of the forces of Lo- prise in the cause of science. pez under colonel Crittenden having been 1682. A comet made its appearance bedriven to the coast, where they embarked fore the people of New England, with a August 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 325 tail of the very respectable length of 15 engaged, and the conflict was long and degrees; which that goodly folk did not bloody. The French under Bonaparte see the last of till the 15th September. and his best generals maintained their 1714. GEORGE I arrived in England to ground; the Russians retreated in the succeed on the throne. night, after having fired the city. The 172C. ANNE LE FEVRE DACIER, a French French are supposed to have lost about lady of great learning, died. She trans- 13,000, and the Russians about half the lated the principal Greek and Latin poets number. into her native language, and was noted 1813. Battle near lake George, between for her many virtues. (6th by some au- the United States troops under Gen. P. B. thors.) Porter and a body of British and Indians; 1748. JONATHAN BAXTER performed the the latter were defeated. singular feat of crossing the Thames at 1818. JAMES CONSTANTINE PERIER, an Blackfriars inl a butcher's tray in lh. 10m., able French machinist, died. He was the paddling with his hands. greatest manufacturer of machinery in 1755. GEORGE JEFFREYS, an English France, having at one time no less than 93 dramatic and miscellaneous writer, died. establishments. Notwithstanding this 1758. RICHARD HOUSEMAN, a laborer of weight of business, he found time for liteKnaresborough, was committed to York rary pursuits, and was an author. castle on suspicion of having murdered 1830. LA FAYETTE created marshal of Daniel Clark. France. 1765. TIMOTHY CUTLER, an Episcopal 1832. JEAN ST. MARTIN, an eminent clergyman, died at Boston, aged 82; for- French orientalist, died at Paris of cholera. merly president of Yale college. He was principal editor of the Journal Asi1779. The independence of the United atic, and particularly distinguished for his States declared at New Orleans by beat of knowledge of the languages of western drum. Asia. 1785. JONATHAN TRUMBULL, governor of 1836. M. DE RAYNEVAL, an eminent Connecticut, died. He bore a conspicu- French diplomatist, died. He was emous part in public affairs during a period ployed in important missions under Bonof 50 years; and retired at the close of the aparte, and after the restoration had a revolution. still more distinguished career in diplo1786. FREDERICK II (the Great) of Prus- niacy. sia, died. He distinguished himself as a 1838. LORENZO DA PONTE died in New warrior, and a man of letters, and was one York, aged 89. He was an Italian by birth, of the most celebrated characters of his but long a resident of the city of New day. York; distinguished for his attainments, 1796. The Dutch fleet under admiral particularly in Italian literature and art, Lucas surrendered to the British at the and author of various publications,. among cape of Good Hope. which are some celebrated operas. 1807. British army invested Copenha- 1840 MORDECAI MOOR, died at Clinton, gen; at the same time the Danish gun Me., aged 104. boats attacked the British with grape and 1848. Disastrous fire at Albany; several round shot. hundred buildings burned, and one mil1808. Battle of Roleia, in Portugal, be- lion of property destroyed. tween the French, 6,000, under Laborde, 1849. HENRY COLMAN, many years Uniand a much superior force of British under tarian minister at Salem, Mass., died in Wellesley. The French were compelled London. He had for some time devoted to retreat with the loss of 1,500; British himself to agricultural inquiries, and publoss 500. lished several volumes on the agriculture 1809. MATTHEW BOULTON, an English of foreign countries. engineer, died. He erected an extensive 1850. Ashtabula county court house, establishment at Soho, and expended Ohio, with all papers and records, de~47,000 in the course of experiments on stroyed by fire. the steam engine, before Watt perfected 1852. POMPEO LITTA, an Italian author, the construction and occasioned any re- died at an advanced age. He began in turn of profit. 1819, a costly illustrated work on the ge1812. First day's battle of Smolianovo, nealogies of the principal Italian families, on the Dwina; the Russians under count existing and extinct. Witgenstein defeated the French under 1853. A difficulty occurred at the ChinOudinot, with great carnage. Oudinot was cha islands between the Peruvian comdangerously wounded, and St. Cyr took mandant and the American shipmasters the command. in port. 1812. Battle of Smolensko, on the Bo- 1857. A block of pure chrystalline ice risthenes. Upwards of 100,000 men were weighing 25 lbs. was discovered in a mea 326 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 17 dow near Cricklewood, England. On the 1655. CROMWELL, as protector, adopted day previous a destructive hail storm the We, in answering a petition. Instead passed over the spot. Mezray, in his his- of the capital W, he had at first written the tory of France mentions a block of ice more familiar I; then a small w, which that fell of the weight of 100 lbs., during was finally erased with his finger for the a thunder and hail storm in the year royal character. 1510. 1670. DRYDEN created laureate by royal patent. 1707. WILLIAM CAVENDISH died; first AUGUST' 18. duke of Devonshire, an able English statesman, who was active in procuring the in332 B. c. Gaza, in Palestine, entered by vasion of England by William III. Alexander the Great, and 10,000 of her in- 1746. WILLIAM, earl of Kilmarnock, and habitants put to the sword. This was ARTHUR BALMERINO, beheaded in London, during the Isthmian games, and shortly as traitors for levying war against George after the fall of Tyre, which was taken in II, in behalf of the pretender. the month Hecatombneon. 1659. Action between the British fleet, 328. HELENA, empress of Rome, died, admiral Boscawen, and the French fleet, aged 80. She was the mother of Constan- M. de la Clue, off the coast of Barbary. tine, and distinguished for her zeal in the The French were defeated, and on the cause of the Christian religion. following day, five of their largest ships 852. ABDURRAHMAN II, sultan of Cordova, were taken or destroyed. died, aged 65. He was the patron of 1765. FRANCIS I, of Germany, died. He learning and scholars, though constantly commanded the Austrian armies in Hunengaged in war. gary against the Turks, and his reign of 20 1187. GEOFFRY, son to Henry II, killed years' duration was distinguished by many in a tournament at Paris. memorable events. 1348. A three-fold scourge, which during 1780. British under TARLETON attacked this year visited the continent of Europe, Surapter on the Wateree, and killed, capfirst appeared in England upon this day; tured or dispersed the whole of his party, earthquakes, deluges of rain, and a vast and retook 300 British prisoners. ephemeral pestilence, traveling the belt of 1780. Battle of Musgrove's mills; 500 Asia from Cathay to Delta; over Greece British and tories defeated by the Amerito Italy, beyond the Alps into France, cans under colonel Williams, and 120 reached London in November. killed or wounded. 1510. EDMUND DUDLEY, an English states- 1783. JOHN DUNNING, lord Ashburton, man, executed for treason; known as an died; noted for his extensive practice as a instrument of Henry VII in the arbitrary lawyer in London. He defended Wilkes acts of extortion practiced during the latter and opposed the American war. years of his reign. 1783. BENJAMIN KENNICOTT died; an 1510. RICHARD EMPSON, another charac- English prelate, well known in the learned teristic of the same stamp, perished at the world for his elaborate edition of the Hesame time. brew Bible and other valuable works. 1559. PAUL IV (John Peter Caraffi), pope, 1798. General HUMBERT landed at Killala, died. He ascended the throne at the age Ireland, with 700 French; a few days of 80, and conducted himself with so much afterwards they were all captured. haughtiness and indiscretion that his death 1803. JAM.ES BEATTIE died; a Scottish was unlamented. poet and miscellaneous writer, and pro1587. The first English child born in fessor of moral philosophy and logic. America, at Roanoke, Virginia. She was 1807. The Danish gun boats renewed the grand-daughter of the governor, and their attacks upon the British army before was baptized on the following sabbath, Copenhagen, but were finally driven back by the name of Virginia. into the harbor. 1609. The Half Moon having pursued a 1810. CHARLES PETER CLAREL DE FLUcourse south and west for ten days, arrived RIEU, a French hydrographer, died. He at the entrance of Chesapeake bay, where was also a statesman under Louis XVI and the first effectual attempt toplant an Eng- Napoleon. lish colony had been commenced only two 1812. Second day's battle of Smolianovo. years before. (See Aug. 28.) The French under St. Cyr defeated with 1642. GUIDo RENI, the celebrated Italian great slaughter. The battle continued 12 painter, died. His skill as an artist at- hours. The French lost 2,500 killed and tracted great attention, and he was loaded wounded, and 3,000 taken prisoners. Ruswith honors and wealth. His pictures are sian loss 1,000 hors du combat in both valuable, and adorn the collections of the engagements. great. 1813. Battle of St. Antonio; the Spanish August 18.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 327 royalists under Aredonda defeated the Rome, died at Nola. This day is also the Mexican patriots. anniversary of his first exaltation to the 1814. British admiral, COCHRANE, ad- consular dignity. dressed a letter from on board the Ton- 1493. FREDERICK III, of Germany, died. nant, in the Patuxent, to the American He was fifty-eight years emperor of Ausgovernment, declaring his determination tria, and fifty-three emperor of Germany, to destroy and lay waste such towns and during which time he was constantly emdistricts upon the American coast as might broiled in troubles, and suffered many be found assailable, though contrary to humiliations and indignities from the the usages of civilized warfare. neighboring princes, who took advantage 1829. DAvID BAIRD, of Aberdeen, a dis- of his imbecility. During his reign the tinguished British general, who led the Turks took Constantinople, and the art of storming party at the capture of Seringa- printing was discovered. patam, died. 1579. LouIS DE CLERMONT BUSSY D' AM1834. A tremendous eruption of Vesu- BOISE assassinated; a French nobleman vius, which continued several days, and distinguished for his bravery and his destroyed about 1,500 houses. crimes. 1838. The first United States exploring 1601. WILLIAM LAMBARDE, an eminent expedition sailed, under Com. Wilkes. lawyer and antiquary, died at Westcombe, 1838. Battle of Morella, in Spain; the in England. His collection and translation queen's troops defeated by the Carlists of the Saxon laws was among the first with the loss of 2,000 men; the victors of his works. left in possession of Lower Aragon. 1617. Sir WALTER RALEIGH sailed from 1840. TIlIOTHY FLINT, a noted mission- Cork on his last voyage, with fourteen ary in the Mississippi valley, died, aged vessels. 60. He published an account of that re- 1646. Ragland castle, in Montgomerygion in two works, which are interesting shire, England, surrendered to the parliaand valuable. ment forces. This was one of the last 1851. EBENEZER YOUNG, a Connecticut fortresses that held out for Charles. civilian, died at West Killingly, aged 67. 1648. IBRAHIM, son of Achmet, sultan He was often in public life, especially in of Turkey, assassinated. the legislature of his native state, and in 1662. BLAISE PASCAL, a French divine, congress. died; noted for his mathematical abilities. 1853. JOHN TALIAFERO, librarian of the His works are published in 5 vols. treasury department at Washington, died, 1680. JOHN EUDES, the founder of the aged 85. He had also been a member of sect of Eudists, died at Caen, in France. congress fourteen years. 1692. Five persons executed at Salem, 1855. JABEz D. HAMMOND, an eminent Mass., for witchcraft. New York lawyer, died, aged 77. He filled 1699. GEORGE BURROUGHS, a New Engseveral important offices, and wrote a Po- land minister, hung for witchcraft. He litical History of New York, and some other was a man of unblemished character, and works. fell a victim to one of the most astound1855. THOMAS METCALFE, an American ing delusions that ever disgraced the name officer of the war of 1812, died in Ken- of religion. tucky, aged 75. He also filled various 1702. Action near Santa Martha, in South civil offices with ability, under the state America, between the British fleet, admiral and general government. Benbow, and the French squadron, Du 1855. The queen, VICTORIA, and prince Casse. The cowardice of the English lost ALBERT, left Osborne at day break to visit them the battle. Louis Napoleon; arrived at Boulogne, 96 1708. The British under sir John Leake miles, in 4' hours, and reached Paris the and major general Stanhope took Minorca, same evening. which was retained by the government. 1855. ABBOT LAWRENCE, a noted Boston 1744. JOHN BAPTIST SILVA, a distinmerchant, died, aged 63. He was a liberal guished French physician, died at Paris. and public spirited citizen, and endowed 1763. Under cover of a severe hail storm the Lawrence scientific school at Cam- and an unusual darkness in the neighborbridge with $100,000. hood of London, the populace attempted the rescue of a criminal to be executed, but though they detained the execution AUGUST 19. till eight in the evening, they were unsuccessful. 335 B. C. The city of Thebes demolished 1772. GUSTAVUS, king of Sweden, effectby Alexander, during the mysteries. ed a revolution, which totally overturned 14 (A. U. C. 766). OCTAVIUS C.2SAR Au- the Swedish constitution of government, GUSTUS, the great and virtuous emperor of without any bloodshed. It was a masterly 328 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 19. stroke of policy, that placed him in the 1839. AARON OGDEN, an officer during attitude of absolute master over the laws. the revolution, died at Jersey City, aged 1772. Revolution in Poland; the pre- 83. He was governor of New Jersey in rogatives of the crown, lost more than 1812; was also senator of the United States, half a century before, were restored. and practiced law with reputation. 1777. NIcHoLAs HERKIMER, a brave offic- 1851. "The great aggregate meeting" er, wounded at the battle of Oriskany, of Roman catholics from all parts of Great died athishousenearLittle Falls, NewYork. Britain, was held at Dublin for the inau1782. Battle near the Blue Licks, be- guration of the catholic defence association. tween the Kentucky pioneers, 176 in num- 1852. A destructive tornado, accomber, under colonel Boone, and 500 Indians. panied with hail, passed over an extensive The Indians were defeated with the loss of district in Hancock county, Me. Utter 71; Boone's loss 63 killed, 7 taken. devastation followed its track, which was 1782. British man-of-war, Royal George, a fourth of a mile wide, and 40 miles long. 100 guns, sunk off Spithead. Admiral 1853. GEORGE COCKBURN, who ordered Kempenfeldt, with 400 seamen and 200 the destruction of the public property at women, perished. The wreck was visited Washington, on the capture of the city by by means of a diving bell in 1817, and the English, died at the age of 82. found to be a mass of shapeless timber. 1854. GRISi and MARIO, the two most 1792. The grand army of the allies renowned artistes of the old world, arrived entered France. at New York. 1807. The Danish gun boats again attacked the British before Copenhagen. AUGUST 20. The latter gained some advantages. 1811. The French under Macdonald 480 B. c. Battle of Salamis, in Greece, captured Figueras, in Spain, after a des-. and defeat of the Persians under Xerxes. perate resistance by its famished defenders. This great achievement occurred on that 1812. Action between United States fri- day of the mysteries devoted to the solemgate Constitution, captain Hull, and Brit- nities of Bacchus. ish frigate Guerriere, 49 guns, captain 332 B. c. Tyre taken by ALEXANDER, Dacres. The Guerriere was sunk in 30 which with the subsequent conquest of minutes, with the loss of 15 killed, 61 Gaza, gave to him Egypt. wounded, 24 missing. Constitution lost 984. JOHN XIV, pope, died. He was 7 killed, 7 wounded. imprisoned in the castle of St. Angelo, by 1812. Battle near Gedeonovo, in Russia, Boniface VIII, where he died, either of between the French, 90,000 and the Rus- poison or grief. sians, stated at 40,000. The French drew 1153. WT. BERNARD, of Clairvaux, died, off at night with the loss of 600 killed, and was cannonized on this day. He was 2,500 wounded. The Russians admitted an extraordinary character, who obtained the loss of 1,000 killed, 3,000 wounded. great influence over the ecclesiastical affairs Not a prisoner was taken. of Europe, by the mere force of personal 1814. GUSTAVUS MAURICE, count of Arm- character, without any adventitious advanfelt, a distinguished Swede, whose chief tages, and is styled the last of the fathers. misfortune was that of being in advance 1485. The earl of RICHMOND, afterwards of his age, died at Czarshoesels. Henry VII, halted with his army at Ather1814. BENJAMIN THOMPSON, count Rum- stone, two nights previous to the decisive ford, died. From the humble station of a battle of Bosworth field. The troops yankee schoolmaster lie rose by his talents encamped in a meadow to the north of to distinction and wealth. His inventions the church, which now bears the name of and discoveries will perpetuate his name. the Royal meadow. During the night, 1823. ROBERT BLOOMFIELD, an English Henry held a conference in the town with poet, died. He learned the trade of a shoe- the two Stanleys, when the measures were maker, but was constrained to write poetry agreed upon which resulted in the defeat bynature. Theonesustainedhis bodywhile and death of Richard III. the other was perpetuating his memory. 1513. Norham castle takenby the Scots; 1825. JUAN DIAz (or John Martin), a its ruins yet remain about eight miles west Spanish partisan officer, executed; distin- from Berwick. guished for his conduct during the French 1580. JEROME OSORIO, an able Portuguese invasions. divine and author, died. 1826. PAUL ALLEN, an American poet, 1639. MARTIN OPITIUS, an elegant Gerhistorian and editor of considerable merit, man poet, died of the plague at Dantzic. died at Baltimore, aged 51. 1648. EDWARD HERBERT died; an emi1838. The United States exploring ex- nent English statesman, and writer on pedition, consisting of 6 vessels, sailed history, philosophy and criticism. from Hampton roads. 1648. Battle of Lens; the French under August 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 329 Conde defeated the Spaniards and impe- Wayne, and the British and Indians; the rialists, under the archduke Leopold, of latter were defeated and driven out of the whom 3000 were killed, and general Beck United States. The most hostile tribes and 5000 taken prisoners. were the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees 1660. JOHN LUGO died; a Spanish Jesuit, and Miamis. The number of Indians professor of theology at Rome. He intro- engaged in this battle was 2000; that of duced Jesuit's bark into France, was created our troops did not amount to 900. cardinal, and wrote 7 vols. folio. 1799. Surinam surrendered to the' 1677. PETER PETIT died; a learned British under admiral Seymour. Frenchman, celebrated for his mathemati- 1801. The French garrison at fort Miracal and philosophical writings. (Penny bou, at Alexandria, Egypt, surrendered to Cyc. says 1667; other authorities 1687.) the British under general Coote. 1680. WILLIAM BEDLOE, the famous 1815. RICHARD ALZOP, an American witness in the Titus Oates plot, died, poet, died at Middletown, Ct., aged 56. charging the queen and the duke of York 1829. Adrianople captured by 28,000 with being concerned in the plot, except Russians under general Diebitsch. The the assassination of the king. garrison of the city, amounting to 100,000 1694. WILLIAM PENN was reinstated in regular troops, laid down their arms immehis province of Pennsylvania, which had diately on the approach of the Russians, been taken from him and annexed to New abandoning all their artillery, camp equipYork. age, and munitions of war. 1701. CHARLES SEDLEY, an English poet, 1840. MICHAEL WALSH died, aged 77; died. He flourished at the court of author of the Mercantile.rithmetic, forCharles II. (1703?) merly in extensive use in this country. He 1704. Battle of Narva; the town taken was a native of Ireland, and settled in by assault by Peter the Great, who on the America in early life. occasion killed several of his soldiers with 1841. Dreadful explosion at Syracuse; his own sword, for disobedience in com- 26 lives destroyed. mitting excesses upon the inhabitants. He 1847. The Mexican works at Contreras had been defeated here four years previous near the city of Mexico were carried by by Charles XII. general Smith's command. Falling back on 1724. Louis I, king of Spain, died of Cherubusco a severe battle was fought and small pox; in consequence his father, the the Mexicans completely routed. Many abdicated monarch, resumed the throne. were slain on both sides. 1746. Fort Massachusetts, situated in 1849. Major EMORY, in the United States the town of Adams, surrendered to the service, gave information that a river forty French and Indians. It was garrisoned feet wide and more than waist deep, with with 22 men under captain Hawks, when good drinkable water, broke forth from attacked by 900 French and Indians. The the desert about this time, between the little band kept the horde at bay while river Gila and the mountains. their ammunition lasted, and then capitu- 1852. The steam boat Atlantic came in lated on promise of protection-to be collision on lake Erie with the propeller humanely treated, and none delivered to Ogdensburgh, and sunk in half an hour. the Indians. In violation of the terms, Of 500 passengers, 250 were lost. Vaudreuil delivered one half to the 1854. FREDERICK WILLIAM JOSEPH VON irritated savages. Hawks lost but one SCHELLING, one of the most prominent man in the siege; while the loss of the among the philosophers of modern Gerenemy was afterwards ascertained to have many, died in Switzerland, aged 79. been 47. 1756. THOMAS WINSLOW, a native of Ireland, died, aged 146. AUGUST 21. 1760. JAMES M'DONALD, died at Cork, Ireland, aged 117, and 7 feet 6 inches in 638. Antioch in Syria taken by the Sastature. racens. 1768. JOSEPH SPENCE, an eminent Eng- 1130. ABDULMUMEN, ibn Ali, elected lish poet and critic, drowned in a canal in sultan of eastern Africa by the following his garden. stratagem. Having trained a parrot and a 1783. JOHN DEMESTE died; chaplain and lion, he assembled the chiefs in his tent, chief surgeon in the army of the prince and urged upon them the necessity of of Liege, and known as the author of Let- naming a successor to their rising empire. ters on Chymistry., In the midst of their deliberations the 1785. JOHN BAPTIST PIGALLE, a eminent parrot perched himself upon one of the sculptor, died at Paris. poles of the tent, and pronounced dis1794. Battle of Miami, in Ohio, between tinctly " Victory and power be the lot of the United States troops under general the khalif Abdulmumen, commander of 42 330 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 21. the faithful." The lion then made his died. She introduced the practice of inway through the terrified assembly, licked oculation for small pox into England. his hand, and lay down at his feet. Deeply 17T0. A leaden equestrian statue of impressed with this wonder, and the mani- George III was erected in the Bowling fest interference of heaven, the simple Green, New York, near fort George, by Almohades unanimously proclaimed him Wilton, a celebrated statuary of the day. sultan. It being the birth day of the king's father, 1553. JOHN DUDLEY, duke of Northum- prince Frederick. berland, beheaded. He acquired almost 1775. The continental army under Gen. unbounded authority after the death of Montgomery arrived at Ticonderoga. Henry VIII, and by the abortive attempt 1780. French king abolished the applito place lady Jane Grey on the throne, cation of torture to extort confession. lost his own life and brought about the 1791. The American army under Gen. ruin of all concerned in the scheme. Wilkinson arrived at the Rapids on the 1560. The great solar eclipse, which first Ohio, returning from an expedition against turned the attention of Tycho Brahe, at the Ouiattanons, having destroyed their the age of 14, to the science of astronomy. principal town, and a Kickapoo village, 1561. MARY (the Myrtle of the South), ar- made many prisoners, and cut down 430 rived in Scotland, after an absence of thir- acres of corn. The army sallied from fort teen years in France. It was on her pas, Washington, and made a march of 450 sage that she composed that simple and miles. Only 2 men were lost. touching chanson, beginning, "_Adieu, 1792. LAFAYETTE abandoned the French plaisant pays de France." army, of which he was commander in 1621. A cargo of marriageable ladies chief, and with his three friends surrenconsisting of one widow and eleven maids, dered to the Austrians. They met with a consigned at London to the colony in Vir- long imprisonment. ginia, to be sold for tobacco, at the rate of 1805. Brest fleet attacked in Camaret 120 lbs. of the best leaf for each. bay, by the British under Cornwallis, 1682. WILLIAM PENN, to prevent any who with an inferior force compelled them future claim, obtained a release from to retire into the inner harbor. James, duke of York, of all his right to 1808. Battle of Vimiera, in Portugal. Pennsylvania. The French army, 12,000, under Junot 1703. THOMAS TRYON died. He was the and Kellerman, made a desperate assault son of a tiler and plasterer at Bibury, on the English and Portuguese, 20,000, England, and became a shepherd. At the under Wellesley. The French were deage of 13 he learned to read, and at 14 he feated. gave one of several sheep he had obtained, 1810. Revolution in Santa Fe, South to be taught the art of writing. After- America. wards, selling his stock, for three pounds, 1818. The renowned WARREN HASTINGS he went to London and apprenticed him- died. self to a hat maker, where he spent the 1821. FRANCIS HARGRAVE, an eminent day in learning his trade, and most of the English law writer, died. His State Trials night in reading. He commenced busi- comprise 11 vols. folio. His library was ness, and acquired a considerable fortune. purchased by parliament at about $40,000. He rejected animal food, lived in "tem- 1823. MARCO BOZZARIS, the Leonidas of perance, cleanliness and innocency," and modern Greece, killed. He was a native died at the age of 69. of Souli, in the mountains of Epirus, and 1708. Haverhill burnt. A force of about on the breaking out of the revolution 400 French and Indians made an irruption headed a battalion of Suliotes. The pasha from Canada, and shaping their course to of Schodra advancing with a numerous the Merrimack, fell upon the town in the force of Albanians to attack Missolunghi, morning, plundered and burnt the houses, Bozzaris with a handful of devoted folkilled about 40 persons, and captured many lowers attacked the camp by night, and more. The enemy were pursued, and fell. many of them killed, among whom was a 1831. Insurrection of the negroes in brother of the French leader, Rouville. Virginia, and massacre of the white popuAmong the captives was the clergyman; lation. his two daughters 6 and 8 years old, were 1835. JOHN MCCULLOCH, distinguished preserved by the servant, who concealed for his geological writings and other works them under tubs in the cellar, which the of merit, died in consequence of being Indians did not disturb. thrown from his carriage. 1726. Great destroying earthquake at 1846. The water in lake Ontario had Palermo, in Sicily. fallen since the first of December, 1845, 1762. MARY WORTLEY MONTAGUE, an 28 inches, and was lower than ever known English lady of great literary reputation, before. Gulf island, which had been sub August 21.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 331 merged seven years before, again appeared 1613. DOMINIQUE BAUDIUS died; advoabove water, and many rocks and sand- cate of the parliament of Paris, and author bars never before known made their ap- of some Latin poems. pearance. 1615. ARTHUR AGARD, a learned English 1848. A hurricane devastated the islands antiquary, died. of Antigua, St. Kitts, Nevis, and St. Tho- 1642. CHARLES I of England erected the mas. royal standard at Nottingham.'It was 1849. A national convention of inven- supposed equivalent to a declaration of tors met at Baltimore; Horace H. Day, of hostilities. New York, president. 1650. EUSEBIUS ANDREWS, an English 1850. DANIEL P. PARKER, a Boston barrister, and colonel in the army of merchant, died, aged 60. He gave close Charles I, beheaded by Cromwell. attention to the construction of merchant 1651. CHRISTOPHER LOVE was beheaded vessels, and had in his service many ships at Tower hill. His offence was a desire to of superior model and sailing qualities. restore monarchy, that presbyterianism 1851. A prisoner under sentence of death might succeed. at Sacramento, California, was reprieved 1711. An expedition from New England by the governor; but was hung, notwith- against Quebec, frustrated by the loss of standing, by some of the disaffected citizens. a number of transports among the rocks, 1851. New Orleans riot, growing out of at midnight, about 9 miles up Canada the Cuban expedition. The office of La river. About 1000 men perished. Patria, the Spanish paper, was destroyed, 1711. LEwis FRANCIS DE BOUFFLERS, a as well as the cigar shops kept by Spani- distinguished French military character, ards; and the Spanish consul was obliged died. He was opposed to prince Eugene, to ask protection, and was placed in the and celebrated for his defence of Lisle. city prison for safety. 1739. JAMES VANIERE died; a French 1856. The famous Charter oak at Hart- Jesuit and famous Latin poet. ford, Conn., was blown down in a storm. 1752. WILLIAM WHISTON, an eminent 1857. A hurricane passed over the town English divine, died. He was also a mathof Woodland, Wisconsin, and destroyed ematician, and succeeded sir Isaac Newton every house in the place. as professor of mathematics at Cambridge. 1766. PHILIP CARTERET sailed from EngAUGUST 22. land in the sloop-of-war Swallow, on his voyage round the world, in company with 1138. Battle of North Allerton, in Eng- captain Wallis in the Dolphin. They land, and defeat of the Irish under king parted company April 10, 1767; the latter David. returned in 1768, the former March 20, 1280. NIcHOLAS III, pope, died. His 1769. reign is noted for a missionary expedition 1773. GEORGE LYTTLETON, an elegant to Tartary. English poet, historian and miscellaneous 1357. ISABELLA, queen of England, died writer, died. in prison, where she had been confined 28 1776. The British troops, 24,000, under years. lord and sir William Howe, landed on 1485. Battle of Bosworth field, in which'Long island, between Gravesend and the forces of Richard III were defeated Utrecht. and himself killed. The forces of Richard 1777. The siege of fort Stanwix raised exceeded 16,000, while those of Richmond by St. Leger, who retreated in great condid not amount to 5,000. The battle last- fusion, losing his tents, most of his artiled little more than two hours, and was lery and stores. determined by the defection of Stanley. 1777. An unsuccessful attempt was made He is the only English king since the con- by general Sullivan and colonel Ogden on quest who fell in battle, and the second Staten island. The latter took 130 priwho fought in his crown. vates and some officers, burnt a magazine 1540. Burial of WILLIAM BUDAUS, a of hay and 7 vessels, and destroyed some learned French critic and commentator; stores, &c. The general deviated from styled by Erasmus Portentum Gallice (the his original plan, whence his enterprise prodigy of France). was not so completely successful. 1567. Capt. GOURGES sailed from Bour- 1778. Count D'ESTAING sailed from New. deaux to dislodge the Spaniards in Flori- port for Boston, which compelled general da. (See May 3, 1568.) Sullivan to raise the siege of Newport and 1567. MURRAY proclaimed regent of fall back; 2 or 3,000 volunteers having Scotland. left him in consequence. 1572. THOMAS PERCY, earl of Northum- 1779. General WILLIAMSON and colonel berland, beheaded at York. PICKmN entered the Indian country, and 332 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 22. burned about 50,000 bushels of corn in the regatta at Cowes, England, won the eight of their towns. "cup of all nations." 1779. CHARLES CLERKE, the English cir- 1852. ZENEAS MUNSON, the oldest grducumnavigator, died of consumption off ate of Yale college, died at New Haven, Kamschatka, and was buried at Paratounca. aged 89. He was an assistant surgeon in He had but a short time previous succeed- the war of the revolution, afterwards beed captain Cook in the command of the came a merchant, and for a long period expedition. was president successively of several banks. 1792. Longroy, in France, captured by 1853. PIETRO BACHI, a Sicilian exile, CLAIRFAIT, with 3,500 troops and 71 can- died at Boston, aged 66. Being implinon. cated in Murat's attempt to reascend the 1795. French convention adopted a neiv throne in 1815, he was banished, and arconstitution, by which a council of 500 rived in America in 1825. He was highly was established, and a council of ancients accomplished in ancient and modern lanconsisting of 250. guages, and became an instructor of Ita1798. The French under general Hum- lian in Harvard college. bert landed in Ireland and took possession of Killala. (18th.) 1808. Armistice signed by the French AUGUST 23. general JUNOT and sir ARTHUR WELLESLEY, by which the French agreed to evacuate 634. ABDALI;AH ATIK BEN ABI KOHAFAH, Portugal. better known as Abu Bekr, died. He was 1814. The inhabitants of Nantucket de- the first caliph or successor of Mohammed clared themselves neutral, under the pro- in the government of the faithful. He entection of England. Same day 27 sail of larged the empire, and caused the precepts square rigged British vessels arrived at of the prophet to be collected in a volume, Benedict; commodore Barney, in conform- called Jl Koran, which is the sacred and ity to his orders blew up his flotilla and classical book of the Mohammedans. retreated to Nottingham. The British 1305. WILLIAM WALLACE, " the peerless landed and marched to Marlborough. knight of Ellerslie," at the age of about 1818. WARREN HASTINGS, an English 35, executed on Tower hill, and his head statesman and scholar, died. He was em- set up on London bridge, to the public ployed in the service of the East India gaze. company, and by oppression and injustice 1350. PHILIP DE VALOIS, king of France, raised the revenue of the company from died. His crown was disputed by Edward three to five millions pounds. VIII of England, which gave rise to a dis1826. A barge belonging to Beechey's astrous war. expedition reached longitude 1560 21/ 1400. Edinburgh, the Scottish capital, west. Here they were embedded in ice burnt by the armies of Henry IV of Engsome days, and were about to abandon the land. bark, and return on foot 120 miles, to the 1481. THOMAS LITTLETON died; a celeship, when it was fortunately extricated, brated English judge in the time of Edand made sail to rejoin the ship. ward IV, and author of a treatise on te1828. FRANZ JOSEPH GALL, founder of nures or titles, by which all estates were the science of phrenology, died at Paris, anciently held in England. aged 71. His wo]ks are voluminous; his 1500. Don FRANCISCO DE BOBADILLA arstyle is characterized as vivid and power- rived at St. Domingo, a royal commisful; his description as accurate and strik- sioner to inquire into the conduct of Coing: and he may be looked upon as one lumbus. of the most remarkable men of his 1532. WILLIAM WARHAM, bishop of age. Canterbury, died; some time chancellor of 1848. The rail road train made the England, from which office he was removed transit from Springfield to Hartford, 26 to make room for Woolsey. miles, in 33 minutes. 1622. The Certain News of the Present 1849. The fortress of Moultan was des- Week is the title of a small quarto of 18 troyed by a freshet, "remaining an island pages published this day in London, supof mud in an expanse of waters." posed to be the first weekly newspaper in 1849. A'onvention called the Peace England. congress, opened its sittings at Paris. 1628. GEORGE VILLIERS, duke of Buck1849. Venice capitulated to marshal Ra- ingham, a noted English statesman, assasdetsky. sinated, at the age of 36. 1850. NATHANIEL BERRY died at Gardi- 1630. The first court of assistants held ner, Me., aged 94; a member of Washing- at Charlestown, Mass. They determined ton's life guard. that ministers should be settled, houses 1851. The American yacht America, at built and salaries raised for them at the August 23.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 333 public expense. They settled the price of 1793. Massacre of the French in St. mechanical labor; carpenters, joiners, Domingo. bricklayers, sawyers and thatchers, should 1793. The British took Pondicherry take no more than 2s. a day, under a from the French. penalty of 10s. to giver and taker. At 1795. French convention decreed that this court Edward Palmer was sentenced all assemblies known by the name of clubs for extortion, in charging 21. 13s. 4d. for' or popular societies in France, should be the wood work of Boston skpcks, to sit in suppressed immediately, their places of them one hour and pay' fine of five meeting shut up, and the keys delivered pounds. to the secretary of the town house. 1642. JOHN GEORGE WIRSUNGUS, an Italian 1795. WILLIAM BRADFORD died at Philaanatomist, assassinated. He was professor delphia, aged 39; some time attorneyof anatomy at Padua, where he discovered general of the United States, and known and explained the pancreatic duct. as an author and poet. 1679. WILLIAM OWTRAM died; an emi- 1804. Tripoli bombarded the third time nent English preacher and scholar in the by the American commodore Preble, from reign of Charles II. 2 P. M., until daylight the next morning, 1686. Buda, the capital of Hungary, af- without much effect. ter being in possession of the Turks for 1806. CHARLES AUGUSTIN DE COULOMB, 145 years, was taken by the imperialists. a French engineer, died. He is noted for 1693. The first printing executed in New his brilliant experiments and discoveries in York, was a proclamation of governor electricity and magnetism. Fletcher bearing this date. 1813. Battle of Gross-Beeren, near Ber1719. HENRY CLEMENTS, an eminent lin in Prussia; the French under Oudinot, bookseller in London, died. His death about 80,000, defeated with considerable was memorable on account of the occasion loss. it furnished for the publication of his fu- 1813. ALEXANDER WILSON, the naturalist, neral sermon, entitled the Christian's Sup- died at Philadelphia; author of the.dmeport under the Loss of Friends. rican Ornithology, 7 vols. 4to, a work of 1720. JAMES VERGIER, a French poet, great accuracy and comprehensiveness. assassinated at Paris. He possessed great 1818. First steamer from Buffalo to Detalents; but dissipation and licentiousness troit. were unfortunately his distinguishing 1820. OLIVER HAZARD PERRY, a distincharacteristics. guished American naval officer, died at 1723. INCREASE MATHER died; a New Trinidad of yellow fever, on the anniverEngland clergyman during the witchcraft sary of his birth day, which was the 23d delusion, which he labored to mitigate. It August, 1785. His victory on lake Erie is said that he usually spent 16 hours a day over a British force superior in men and in study; the number of his publications guns to his own, has given his name a was 85, the number of his years 84. (His permanent place in the history of his tomb stone says Aug. 27.) country. 1727. HqSIER, the English admiral, died 1826. KOLLER, an Austrian general, died' off Porto Bello. He had been sent out the He accompanied Napoleon, where he had year previous with 7 ships of war to inter- to protect him against the rabble infuriatcept the Spanish galleons. On his arrival ed by priests and ultras, which was done the galleons unloaded their treasure, and by an exchange of garments. He left a to prevent them from sailing the fleet lay valuable collection of antiques. off that pestilential coast until both the 1835. ISAAC POCOCKE died; one of the ships and their crews were desolated. most successful dramatic writers of his day. Glover, author of a little poem called Ad- 1835. Massacre at Para in Brazil by the miral Hosier's Ghost, represents the number Indians. The attack commenced on the of dead at 3,000. 14th. The United States consul barely 1756. Foundation stone of Columbia escaped with his life. It is supposed that college laid at New York. the slaughter must have been immense, 1782. HENRY LEWIS DU HAMEL died at and a more complete sack of any city proParis; eminent for his knowledge of bably never took place. mechanics, agriculture and commerce. 1850. CHARLES DYER, a midshipman in 1782. Cape River fort surprised and the United States navy, wasodrowned at carried by assault by the British captain Pensacola, in nobly attempting to save the Campbell with 150 negroes. He lost but crew of a vessel in distress. ALEXANDER 2 killed; Spanish loss 65 killed, 9 taken, HALE, assistant engineer in the service and mostly wounded. a graduate of Yale college, lost his life also 1789. SILAS DEANE, minister of the in the same cause. United States to France in 1776, died in 1855. HENRY LAWSON, an English as-England in extreme poverty. tronomer, died at Bath, aged 81. EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 24. revise the translation of the Vandalic AUGUST 24. Bible. 1605. The Turks having overrun the 79. First eruption on record of Vesuvius, Persian provinces along the Caspian sea, which overwhelmed the towns of Hercu- their army of 100,000 was met by 66,000 laneum and Pompeii, and destroyed the Persians under schah Abbas, and commartyr of nature. The younger Pliny, the pletely overthrown. nephew of that greater man, has described 1634. ABBAHT, pasha of Erzerum, exethe terrific catastrophe in two letters to cuted. He was the untiring enemy of the Tacitus. Janisaries, who succeeded in awakening 93. CNEIUS JULIUS AGRICOLA, a celebrated the suspicions of the sultan Murad IV. Roman general, died. He was governor 1653. An act passed by the parliament in Great Britain, and by doubling the of the commonwealth of England permitnorthern point of Scotland, first discovered ting marriages to be solemnized by justices it to be an island. (Sept. 1st?) of the peace. 410. ALARIC, at the head of the Goths, 1662. The English act of uniformity in entered Rome at midnight, and gave up religion took effect; about 2,000 ministers the town to be pillaged for six days, but were ejected from their benefices, without with orders to his soldiers to be sparing of any provision for themselves or their famiblood, to respect the honor of the women, lies. Soon after they were banished five and not to burn the buildings dedicated miles distant from every corporation in to religion. A part of the city was burnt, England. Several ultimately died in prison, and many ancient works of art destroyed. for exercising their ministry in private, The treasures of the city collected from all contrary to law; but i considerable numparts of the world fell a prey to the bar- ber of them found an asylum in New Engbarians, and the once proud mistress of land. the world experienced a severe retribution 1682. The duke of York conveyed to for the sufferings which her heroes had William Penn all his right to the three caused to so many cities, countries and lower counties on the Delaware river, nations. now state of Delaware. 1227. GENGIS-KHAN, a renowned Mogul 1683. JOHN OWEN, an English non-conprince, died. He suddenly rose from the formist divine, died, aged 63. He preached lowest fortunes, and in the space of 28 the first sermon before parliament after the years subdued the greater part of Asia. execution of Charles I, was promoted to 1344. Battle of Cressy, which gained high places under Cromwell, which he lost Edward, the black prince, immortal honor. at the restoration, by the influence of the Here was slain the blind king of the Bo- presbyterian party. - His works, which are hemians, the ornaments on whose sword of a high Calvinistic character, amount to were adopted as the coat of arms of the 7 vols. folio, 20 quarto and 30 octavo. (See princes of Wales, Ich Dien, with three Oct. 15, 1651.) ostrich feathers. 1702. Sixth action between the British 1481. ALPHONSO V, of Portugal, died of fleet, admiral Benbow, and the French unplague. He was a great patron of learning, der Du Casse. The brave English admiral and conquered several places belonging to had his leg carried off by a chain shot, and the Moors. received two other wounds. 1525. FRANcIs I, king of France, entered 1756. Eighty Acadians arrived in New Madrid a prisoner to the emperor Char- York from Georgia. les V. 1777. General WASHINGTON marched his 1572. Massacre of St. Bartholomews, troops through Philadelphia for the Chesawhich commenced in the city of Paris, peake. and was continued throughout the king- 1781. The allied French and American dom during thirty days. The number of army under Washington and Rochambeau protestants who were butchered in this crossed the Hudson river and marched for bloody affair, is estimated at 30,000, and Philadelphia. by others at 70,000. 1782. JEAN DE LA PEROUSE, a distin1572. GASPARD DE COLIGNY, admiral of guished French seaman and navigator, France, fell at the massacre of St. Bartho- took fort York, on Hudson's bav, from the lomews. He was distinguished for valor English. Here he found a manuscript of in battle, for strict discipline, and for his Hearne's journey to the Coppermine river, conquests over the Spaniards; and was which Hearne received back as his private feared by the court as the powerful leader property on condition of publication. of the Calvinist party. 1793. Marseilles subjected to the French 1581. An assemblage of divines deputed convention, against which it had revolted. by the states of Carniola, Styria and Carin- 1797. THOMAS CHITTENDEN, first governor thia, met at Laybach, to examine and of Vermont, died, aged 67. August 24.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 335 1799. BONAPARTE left Egypt. 1852. JOSEPH VANCE, an Ohio statesman, 1803. GREGORY FONTANA, a Swiss mathe- died. He served the state in various stamatician, died; distinguished as a profes- tions, being governor in 1836. sor and an author, during a period of 1857. THOMAS CLAYTON,a Delaware judge, thirty years, in Italy. died at Newcastle, aged 76. He was six1811. Swiss cantons recalled their teen years in congress and occupied the troops from the British service, and voted bench with ability'for a long time. 6,000 additional men for the French service. 1814. Battle of Bladensburg, and cap- AUGUST 25. ture of Washington city by the British under general Ross and admiral Cockburn. 383. GRATIANUS, emperor of Rome, The capitol, president's house and public assassinated at the age of 24. He was a offices were burnt in a spirit unworthy of powerful Christian ruler, but of an unforany nation. A dreadful retribution, how- tunate turn of mind to conduct a governever, overtook them, by the explosion of ment. a magazine, by which one half their num- 1170. STRONGBOw, under king Dermot, ber was either killed or wounded. Ame- carried Dublin by storm. rican loss, 40 killed, 60 wounded. 1270. Louis IX, of France, died. He 1829. REUBEN KELSEY died at Fairfield, made two crusades for the recovery of the Vt., of voluntary starvation, after a fast of Holy Land, and died of a contagion off 52 days, during which he took no other Tunis, in Africa. nourishment than water. 1313. HENRY VII, emperor of Germany, 1833. ADRIAN HARDY HAWORTH died of died. He entered Rome sword in hand, cholera in England: a distinguished bo- at a time when the country was distracted tanist, entomologist and ornithologist; au- by the war of the Guelphs and Ghibelines, thor of the Lepidoptera Britannica, and and was crowned by the pope. various other works. 1381. An eruption of Etna, which con1842. BENJAMIN WRIGHT, a distinguished sumed all the olive yards around Catania. American civil engineer, died. The great 1482. MARGARET, of Anjou, queen of Erie canal afforded him an opportunity for Henry VI, of England, died. She became the exercise of his mathematical know- conspicuous by her heroism in battle for ledge. the rescue of her husband, and being 1844. Great outrages committed in Rens- taken prisoner was ransomed with 50,000 selaer county, New York, by the tenantry crowns. on Rensselaerwick. 1576. The earl of Essex died in Ireland, 1845. SAMUEL HASKELL, the oldest epis- suspected to be poisoned by the earl of copal minister of the state of New York, Leicester, who married his widow. died at New Rochelle.. - 1585. Sir RICHARD GRENVILLE, planted 1848. The American ship Ocean Monarch the first English colony in America, on the burnt in the Irish channel, and more than island of Roanoke, consisting of 107 per170 lives lost. sons. This settlement was begun 17 years 1849. JOHN PIERCE, of the Congrega- after the French had abandoned Florida, tional church, Brookline, Mass., died. He on the same coast, but far to the north of was distinguished as a preacher and one of the settlements for which France and the earliest advocates of total abstinence Spain had contended. The expedition from intoxicating drinks in the state. was fitted out by Sir Walter Raleigh, and 1849. The chamber of representatives consisted of 7 ships. of Hayti, acting upon a petition which had 1654. Battle of Arras, in France; the been circulated one day, brought in a bill Spaniards under Conti defeated by Tuconferring the title and dignity of emperor renne. upon Faustin Soulouque, the president of 1675. Battle of Sugarloaf hill, a few that government. miles above Hatfield, on the Connecticut 1851. JAMES MCDOWELL, a Virginia river. The Hadley Indians had betrayed statesman, died. He was sometime gover- their conspiracy with Philip's party, by nor of the state, and representative to fleeing from their dwellings, were pursued congress. by. captains Lathrop and Beers, and over1851. A fire in Concord, New Hampshire, taken at this place, where a skirmish took destroyed the best part of the business place, in which 9 or 10 of the English fell, portion of the town. and about 26 Indians. 1851. During devotional exercises at the 1725. A Hungarian picture of this date jail in San Francisco, two prisoners, Sa- has the following inscription: "'John muel Whittaker and Samuel McKenzie, Roven, in the 172d year of his age, and were taken from the jailer by force, and Sarah, his wife, in the 164th year of her hung by the vigilance committee. age. They have been married 147 years, EVERY DAY BOO00. [August 25. and both born and died at Stradovia. guished officer of the revolution, died, aged Their children,two sons and two daughters, 45. In 1794 he went to France, and comyet live; the youngest son is 116 years of manded a division of the French army in age." Flanders. 1758. Battle of Zorndorf between the 1806. JOHN PHILIP PALM, a Nuremberg Prussians, 30,000, under Frederick the bookseller, shot for a publication against Great, and 50,000 Russians, under Fermor. Bonaparte. The Russians were defeated, with the loss 1807. EDWARD PREBLE died; the brave of 19,000 killed, and 3,000 taken, and 103 and intrepid commodore of the American cannon. Prussian loss, 10,000 killed. fleet, which in 1804 subdued Tripoli. This was the bloodiest and one of the most 1808. Action between the British and remarkable battles of the seven years' war. Swedishsquadron under admiral Hood, and 1770. THOMAS CHATTERTON, an English the Russian squadron, in which the latter poet of astonishing genius, died at the age was defeated. of 18, by taking poison, to escape hunger 1810. The solemn inauguration of the and misery. column to the glory of the grande armge 1776. DAVID HUME, the Scottish histo- it the place Vendome, Paris, took place rian, died. His History of England is a on the 15th. work of great merit, and has long been the 1812. The French raised the siege of most popular work of the kind. Cadiz, which had long resisted their efforts. 1782. A large foraging party of British Among the artillery abandoned, was a large attacked at Combahee, in South Carolina, mortar, which had been employed in by the Americans under general Gist and throwing H1ells the immense distance of colonel Laurens, who captured a schooner. three miles. Laurens was mortally wounded, and died 1814. Washington city evacuated by the aged 27. British under major general Robert Ross 1788. Archbishop SENS, premier of and admiral Cockburn. France under Louis XVI, seeing the fi- 1819. JAMES WATT, an eminent Scottish nances of the state utterly desperate, and natural philosopher, died; celebrated for fearing for the king and more for himself, his improvements in the steam engine. retired from the administration, and left 1822. WILLIAM HERSCHEL, the English the monarch, while bankruptcy and famine astronomer, died. He discovered the planet threatened the kingdom, to manage as he Georgium Sidus, which sometimes bears might, amid the storms which the measures his name. of the minister himself had provoked to 1830. Insurrection of the Belgians cornthe uttermost. He fled to Italy with the menced at Brussels. The populace attacked greatest expedition, after having sent his and destroyed several houses belonging to resignation to his unfortunate sovereign. the most obnoxious individuals, and skir1789. MARY WASHINGTON, mother of the mishes followed between the inhabitants illustrious general, died at Fredericks- and the troops. burgh, Va., aged 82. 1834. MoRRIS EvANS died at Raleigh, N. 1796. LAFAYETTE and other prisoners C., aged 105. released from the castle of Olmutz, at 1835. Earthquake in Natolia, by which the requisition of the French govern- 2,000 houses were destroyed in the city of ment. Kaisarieh. 1797. JOHN BAPTIST LOUVET DE COU- 1836. CHRISTIAN WILLIAM HUFELAND, an VRAY, a French advocate, died; distin- eminent Prussian physician and medical guished as an actor in the revolution, and writer, died, aged 75. He was a popular an author. ~ lecturer, distinguished for his profound 1799. JOHN ARNOLD, eminent for his im- and extensive learning, and ingenious approvements in the mechanism of time- plication of his theory to practice. keepers, died. He was the inventor of the 1837. The cholera raged at Rome, and expansion balance and detached escape- was fatal to 300; the greatest number of ment, and was the first artist who applied deaths that occurred in any one day. the gold cylindrical spring to the balance 1849. The French admiral, de Tromelin, of a timepiece. took possession of and dismantled the 1800. ELIZABETH MONTAGUE died; an fortifications at Honolulu, Sandwich isEnglish lady of considerable literary cele- lands, the government having refused to brity. comply with the demands of the admiral. 1803. TATE WILKINSON died; an Eng- He relinquished the possession three days lish comedian and manager, often noticed after. by the writers of his day. 1854. The city of Troy, N. Y., visited 1804. Fifth attack on Tripoli by the by a destructive fire, which consumed Americans under commodore Preble. more than a hundred houses and manu1805. JOHN S.EzY EUSTACE, a distin- factories. August 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 337 ST. FoIX, a French historical tourist, died. AUGUST 26.. He retired from the army to devote himself to literature, at Paris, and was appoint331 B. c. Battle of Arbela, the modern ed historiographer. Irbil, on the Lycus, between the Macedo- 1777. FRANCIS FAWKES, an English poet, dians under Alexander, and the Persians died. He translated several of the Greek under Darius (26th Boedromion). The poets, and wrote many miscellaneous Persians were defeated and the fate of Da- poems, in a pleasing and elegant style. rius sealed. 1785. GEORGE SACKVILLE, an English 55 B. c. JULIUS CESAR made a landing nobleman, died. He was an officer under on British ground, at a point eight miles Marlborough, and present at several imnorth of Dover. portant engagements. 55. A surprisingly great comet was 1794. Sluys, in Dutch Flanders, surseen by the inhabitants of China. rendered to the French under Moreau, 22 1278. Battle of Marchfeld, in Austria, days after the opening of the trenches. between Ottocar and Rodolph of Hapsburg, The sudden capture of this fortress, exin which Ottocar fell. This day laid the ceedingly strong by nature and art, and foundation of the house of Hapsburg, defended by the brave general Vanderwhich is still seated on the throne of duyn, so intimidated the remainder of the Austria. Dutch and Hanoverian garrisons, that they 1346. Battle of Crecy, in France; the thought only how to escape the fate of English, less than 30,000 under Edward Sluys, and evacuated several fortresses III, defeated the French, 90,000, under equally strong; besides nearly 30 less imPhilip VI, who received two wounds, and portant forts, and all Dutch Flanders. was one of the last who fled. It is esti- 1795. Trincomalee, a Dutch colony in mated that of the French upwards of 30,- the island of Ceylon, taken by the British 000 soldiers, 1,200 knights, 80 bannerets under admiral Rainer. and 9 princes fell in the battle and pursuit. 1795. British squadron under Nelson, 1595. ANTONIO, a pretender to the throne captured in the bay of Alaeso, 11 French of Portugal, died. He was assisted in the vessels. struggle for the crown by several of the 1806. EDWARD THURLOW, an eminent European powers, but was driven out, and English lawyer, died. He became attorney died in exile. and solicitor-general to the king, a mem1635. LOPEZ FELIX DE LA VEGA died; a ber of parliament and lord high chancellor Spanish divine, poet and a dramatic writer of England. He possessed a vigorous and of great fertility of genius. His works form active mind, which added to close appli-'upwards of 70 volumes. cation, gave him a high rank among the 1693. PETER BARRIERE, aFrench soldier, professional men of his day. who attempted to assassinate Henry IV, of 1813. Battle of Katzbach, in Silesia; the France, broken on the wheel. French defeated by the Russians and Prus1723. ANTHONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK, a sians under Blucher. The day was so celebrated Dutch physician, died. He be- rainy that fire arms could not be used, and came famous throughout Europe by his the battle was fought hand to hand. The experiments and discoveries with the mi- French were driven into the river and croscope. perished in great numbers. 1762. Valentia de Alcantara, in Spain, 1813. Battle of Dresden. The citizens taken by assault by the British, under Gen. beheld a spectacle of an army of 60,000 Burgoyne. troops marching through the streets to the 1765. Riot in Boston occasioned by the field of battle, under Napoleon. An army stamp act; several private houses destroy- of 120,000 allies were drawn up around ed, and among them that of the lieutenant the city. governor Hutchinson, one of the best in 1813. THEODORE KORNER, a German poet, the province; his books and papers, killed in battlle. Many of his pieces have which he had been 30 years in gathering, been set to music, and become national. were destroyed, together with his plate, 1832. ADAM CLARKE, an eminent Engfurniture, &c., and ~1,000 in money. lish divine, died of cholera, aged 72. He 1766. THOMAS WINSLOW, an English commenced his career as a methodist military officer, died, aged 146. preacher at the age of 18, and became so 1775, The Americans opened their en- popular that few men have ever drawn so trenchments on Plowed hill, near Boston. large congregations. He was a man of The British threw about 300 shells at them. great talents and extensive learning, parti1775. JAMES BURGH, an ingenious Eng- cularly in the oriental languages and Biblilish moral and political writer, died at cal literature, and author of a well known Islington. and learned commentary on the scriptures, 1776. GEEaAIN FRANCIS POULLAIN DE and various other publications. 43 338 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 26. 1836. Buffalo and Niagara rail road possess their estates undiminished; to enopened. joy their ancient customs with regard to 1838. CALEB STARK, an officer of the inheritance, to their modes of worship and revolutionary war, died. He entered the church discipline, and were allowed a free army at the age of 15, and commenced his trade to Holland: The doughty governor, career at the battle of Bunker hill as an Stuyvesant, could not be prevailed upon ensign in his father's regiment. He re- to ratify it with his signature till two days mained in the army till the close of the afterwards. war, at which time he was a brigadier- 1683. THOMAS DONGAN arrived as gogeneral. vernor of the province of New York. He 1848. A battle took place at the cape of was a man of integrity, moderation, and Good Hope, between theBritish and Boors. genteel manners, and may be classed The former were victorious, with the loss among the best of the provincial governors of 54 men killed and wounded; the Boors of New York. lost 199. 1748. JAMES THOMSON, an eminent Eng1849. The senate of Hayti, having con- lish poet, died; author of the Seasons. curred in the bill of the chamber of repre- 1758. Fort Frontenac surrendered at sentatives, Faustin Soulouque submitted discretion, to the English and provincials to the wishes of the people, and was crown- under Col. Bradstreet, after a siege of two ed emperor of Hayti, under the title of days. They found in the fort 60 pieces of Faustin I. cannon, 16 mortars, a large number of 1849. J. A. YATES, an eloquent divine small arms, a vast quantity of provisions, and learned professor of Union college, military stores and merchandise, together died, aged 49. with 9 armed vessels in the harbor. 1850. LOuiS PHILIPPE, the exiled king of 1770. JOHN JORTIN, an eminent divine the French, died at Claremont, England, of the English church, and writer on ecaged 77. clesiastical history, died, aged 72. 1776. Battle of Flatbush, or Long Island; AUGUST 27. the Americans surprised by the British and Hessians, and defeated with the loss 413 B. c. The Athenian army under Ni- of about 500 killed and 1,100 taken pricias lost on account of the general's fright soners; British loss about 70 killed, 350 at an eclipse of the moon. wounded. 524. FLAVIUS SEVERINUS B(ETHIUS, a 1791. PLACIDUS FIXMILNER died; an celebrated Roman philosopher, died in Austrian ecclesiastic, and writer on astroprison, probably executed by order of nomy and the canon law. Theodoric. 1793. ADAM PHILIP DE CUSTINES, a 1556. CHARLES V, emperor of Germany, French nobleman and general, guillotined. resigned the government to his brother He served in the seven years' war and in Ferdipand, and set out for Spain. the American revolutionary war. 1565. WILLIAM RASTAL died; an emi- 1794. Valenciennes, after Lisle the nent English judge of the sixteenth cen- strongest place of the famous northern tury, and author of a work on the statutes barrier of France, surrendered to the reof England. publicans at the first summons. 1587. At the urgent solicitation of the 1813. Second day's battle of Dresden. colony of Roanoke, Gov. White returned The allies were defeated and forced to reto England for supplies; but of his coun- treat, with the loss of 30,000. The French trymen whom he left behind nothing had 10,000 wounded; the number of killwas ever afterwards known. Thus, says ed not known. Moreau had both legs Holmes, terminated the exertions of Ra- shot away by a cannon ball. leigh for colonizing Virginia. 1816. Algiers bombarded by the British 1590. SIXTUS V (Felix Peretti), died; and Dutch fleets, under lord Exmouth. distinguished for the energy with which The dey's fleet and defences were utterly he extirpated the outlaws, and opposed destroyed, and he was compelled to subthe overgrown power of Spain. He em- mit to a treaty on his enemy's terms. bellished Rome with numerous and useful 1825. LUCRETIA MARIA DAVIDSON, an structures, among which is the present American poetess, died before completing Vatican. her 17th year. Her pieces amount to 278, 1630. The first church foundedat Char- of which.Amir Khan is the principal; lestown and Boston; their pastor was to some of them written at the age of 9 years. receive a salary of ~40. 1834. GEORGE CLYMER, inventor and 1664. Articles of capitulation signed, by manufacturer of the Columbian printing which the Dutch colony at New Amster- press, died in London. He was instrudam became subjects of England, with the mental in improving many other mechaprivilege of continuing free denizens; to nical improvements. August 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 339 1847. SILAS WRIGHT, an eminent Ame- 1686. CAssINI, an Italian astronomer, rican statesman, died at Canton, St. Law- discovered the satellite of Venus. rence county, N. Y., aged 52. 1710. JosEPR KEBLE, an English law 1849. GABRIEL H. FORD, an American writer, died. Besides his published works, jurist, died at Morristown, N. J., aged 85. which were few, he left 100 large folio, He was one of the most eloquent and effi- and 50 thick quarto volumes in manucient lawyers of New Jersey, and held the script. office of judge of the supreme court twen- 1722. Port Royal in Jamaica, destroyed by ty-one years. His residence was the head a hurricane; 26 ships and many lives lost. quarters of Washington in 1777. 1731. CHARLES BOYLE, earl of Orrery, 1850. BENJAMIN CHAMBERS, died, aged died, aged 56. He made a figure from the 86. He was a native of Pennsylvania, age of 19 up, in literary, military, and alwho entered the revolutionary army at the most every other kind of warfare. age of 16, and afterwards settled in India- 1737. JOHN HUTCHINSON, an English na. He held various important civil and author, died: founder of a well-known military appointments under the early pre- philosophical sect, which opposed Newsidents. ton's doctrine of gravitation. His theories 1854. The city of Louisville, Ky., was are curious, but no longer in repute. visited by a tornado, which blew down 1754. An irruption of the French and and unroofed a large number of buildings; Indians upon Hoosick and Schaghticoke, a church fell upon the congregation while by which those settlements were broken at worship; 25 were killed and 67 seri- up, two persons scalped, and the houses ously injured. fired. 1857. RUFUS W. GRISWOLD, a volumin- 1775. GEORGE FAULKNER, a celebrated ous American author, died, aged 42. He Irish printer, died. He was the first to wrote for numerous periodicals, and left carry the art to a high degree of perfection several unfinished works. in that country, and appears to have been a worthy and useful citizen. 1788. ELIZABETH CHUDLEIGH, duchess of Kingston, died at Paris; celebrated for AUGUST 28. her matrimonial speculations. 1792. DUMOURIER took his post at the 430. AURELIUS AUGUSTINUS (or St. Au- head of 20,000 men, undisciplined and ungustin), one of the fathers of the Christian organized. Yet with these materials he church, died at Hippo, in Africa. arrested the progress of 80,000 Prussians 876. LouIs I, of Germany, died. He and Hessians, and forced them to retreat acquired the title of the pious, at the same with the loss of half their army. time rendered himself powerful and for- 1794. Battle of Powassin, between the midable to his neighbors. Prussians and the Poles, in which the 1443. JOHN V, duke of Britanny, died, former lost their batteries and cannon, afand was succeeded by his son Francis. ter a bloody engagement. 1595. DRAKE and HAWKINS sailed from 1798. JAMES WILSON died, one of the England with six of the queen's ships and signers of the declaration of independence. twenty-one private ships and barks, on He was eminent for his talents and intean expedition against the Spanish settle- grity, and continued in the discharge of ments in the West Indies. some public office till his death. 1608. FRANCIS VERE, died; an English 1804. MARGARET, widow of Benedict Argeneral, who distinguished himself in the nold, died in London, aged 44. She was expedition to Holland, 1585. the daughter of Edward Shippen, of Phila1609. HUDSON, having retreated his delphia. It was said of her, that with a steps from Chesapeake bay, discovered superiority and strength of mind seldom another great bay, which has since ac- equaled, she possessed such polished and quired the name of Delaware. He anchor- fascinating manners, as to convert every ed the Half Moon in eight fathom water, acquaintance into a friend. and took possession of the country. 1811. JOHN LEYDEN, a distinguished 1645. HUGo GROTIUS, an eminent Dutch linguist, died on the island of Java, in his philosopher, died. He was a man of great 36th year. He was ordained as a minister, talent and laborious study, and notwith- but never attained any popularity as a standing he passed a stormy life, his works preacher. are very numerous. 1814. Bombardment of fort Erie con1654. AXEL OXENSTIERN, a Swedish tinued by the British; a shell entered the ~statesman, died. He was placed at the roof of Gen. Gaines's quarters, and burst at head of affairs on the death of Gustavus his feet, by which he was so severely Adolphus, and owed his elevation to his wounded as' to be obliged to resign the merit and abilities. command of the fort. 340 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 28. 1816. Treaty signed between Algiers and commenced, still used by the Copts and England, by which Christian slavery was Abyssinians. It receives its name from to be abolished, and all slaves, of whatever the persecution of the Christians in the nation, to be delivered up. The number reign of Diocletian, and was much used released was 1,033. by the Christian writers until the intro1839. WILLIAM SMITH, an eminent Eng- duction of the Christian era, in the sixth lish geologist, died, aged. 70. In his em- century. ployment as a land surveyor and engineer, 1350. Great naval battle in the English he turned his attention to the geology of channel, off Winchelsea, between the EngEngland, and published upwards of 20 lish under Edward III and the mariners geological maps of the counties. He is of Biscay. Fourteen Castilian ships were styled the Father of English Geology. carried triumphantly into port. 1839. A grand tournament appointed 1353. Action between the Genoese fleet at Eglintoun castle in Ayrshire, Scotland. under Antonio Grimaldi, and the combined The day was very stormy, and the multi- Venitian and Catalonian fleets, under Pitude from all parts of Great Britain who sani, in which the former suffered so great had assembled to witness the feats, esti- a defeat that only 17 vessels escaped. mated at 80,000, suffered greatly from the 1445. PAUL, of Burgos, a learned Jew, inclemency of the weather, and the impos- died. He was converted to Christianity, sibility of procuring shelter, food, or vehi- and was baptized at the same time with cles. An immense sum'had been expended his three sons, who all distinguished themby the romantic nobleman in getting up selves. the festival, which proved a total failure. 1527. Battle of Mohatz, between the 1851. The yacht America beat the iron Turks under Solyman, and the Hungarians yacht Titania, on a race of forty miles out under Louis II, in which the latter were and back, and left her eight miles astern. defeated with the loss of 20,000 killed. 1854. MARIA CHRISTINA, queen mother The Turks carried nearly 200,000 persons of Spain, left Madrid for Portugal, under into captivity. escort of a body of government troops, but 1583. STEPHEN PARMENIUS BUDEIUS, a against ths will of the people; she was learned Hungarian, shipwrecked on the indebted to the state 71,000,000 reals, coast of Newfoundland. He accompanied 1855. SPENCER H. CONE, a Baptist min- sir Humphrey Gilbert's squadron of discoister, died in New York, aged 70. He was very, for the purpose of recording their an actor, and on the stage for the last discoveries and exploits in Latin. He was time when the Richmond theatre was on board the Delight, which carried down burnt. He afterwards edited a newspaper, more than 100 persons with her. and finally became one of the most dis- 1657. JOHN LILBURNE, a famous English tinguished of the Baptist ministers. enthusiast, died. He was the ringleader 1855. The vessel engaged to lay the of a party called the levelers. submarine cable between cape Ray in 1660. The act of indemnity signed by Newfoundland and cape North in cape Charles II, out of which most of those calBreton, 551 miles, began to pay it out. led regicides were excepted. The cable afterwards broke, and a gale 1692. Col. BENJAMIN FLETCHER arrived coming on, it was found necessary to let at the port of New York, with a commisit go. sion as governor of the province, which 1856. The Dudley observatory was in- he published the next day. augurated at Albany. 1708. Haverhill, on the Merrimack, surprised by the French and Indians, who burnt part of the town, killed about 40, AUGUST 29. and carried away 100 prisoners. 1749. MATHIAS BEL, died at Presburg; 30 B. c. Conquest of Alexandria by a Hungarian ecclesiastic, ennobled for his Augustus; exactly three lustra or fifteen literary. years preceding the great victory of Dru- 1750. LETITIA PIL1KINGTON, a lady of sus over the Rhcetians and Vindelici, great wit and literary celebrity, died at which concluded the Barbaric war. Dublin. 30. St. JOHN (the Baptist) beheaded. 1764. JOHN BERNARD, a distinguished The decollation of the Baptist determines London merchant, died. He represented the birthday of Herod, tetrarch of Galilee, the city in parliament forty years, and was called Antipas, who for his ambition was so highly esteemed by the public that his banished by Caligula to Spain or Lyons, statue was placed in the Royal Exchange with Herodias, in the year 38. during his life time. 410. Alaric evacuated Rome and ravaged 1769. EDMUND HOYLE died; authorof a cethe provinces of Italy. lebrated treatise on whist and other games. 284. Era of Diocletian (or the martyrs), 1776. Americans retreated from Long August 29.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 341 Island. Gen. Miffin commanded the rear 1854. A new asteroid, named Euphroguard, with whom Washington remained syne, was discovered at the Washington until the retreat was effected. The army observatory, by James Ferguson, assistant amounted to 9,000. astronomer. 1778. The rear of the American army under Gen. Sullivan attacked by the British, who were repulsed. Britishloss 260; American loss 206. AUGUST 30. 1779. The Indians defeated by Sullivan at Elmira. 30 B. c. CLEOPATRA, queen of Egypt, 1780. JAMEs GERMAIN SOUFFLOT, an destroyed herself by the bite of an asp, to eminent French architect, died. save herself from the disgrace of captivity. 1782. British ship Royal George, 108 526. THEODORIC, first king of the Goths guns, sunk while careening. Admiral in Italy, died. He advanced commerce Kempenfelt and about 1,000 persons were and the arts, and patronized literature, but lost, of whom 300 were women and children. committed great acts of cruelty. (This is put down by other authorities on 1181. ALEXANDER III, pope, died. He the 19th, and differently stated.) was an able pontiff, beloved by his subjects 1799. Pius VI (John Angelo Braschi), and respected by the world. pope, died. He rendered his name fam- 1483. Louis XI, of France, died. His ous by draining the Pontine marshes. ambition led him to the commission of the Bonaparte entered his state twice, making greatest crimes, by which he acquired the him a prisoner the second time, and car- title of the Tiberius of France. ried him over the Alps to Valentia, where 1563. WOLFGANG MUSCULUS, a celebrated he died of excessive fatigue, aged 82. German divine, died. He adopted the 1804. Com. PREBLE'S fifth attack on tenets of Luther, and by his eloquence Tripoli. The Constitution fired upwards gained over the city of Augsburg. of 300 rounds, besides grape and canister: 1566. SOLYMAN II (the Magnificent), sulsunk a large Tunisian galliot, and silenced tan of Turkey, died. He prosecuted war two of the batteries and the castle. Ame- with various success in Europe and Asia, rican loss 3 killed, 1 wounded. and took the island of Rhodes from the 1816. SCHETA, the celebrated astronomer knights of Jerusalem. of Liliennthal, died. 1645. Treaty of peace between the New 1833. Great fire at Constantinople, in England colonies and the Narragansett which a circuit of three miles, said to com- Indians; by which the latter were to pay prise 12,000 houses and 50,000 inhabitants, the expense of the preparations already was devastated, and many lives lost. made for war, estimated at 2,000 fathoms 1843. A treaty of peace between Great of wampum; restore to Uncus the prisonBritain and China concluded. The Chi- ers and canoes taken from him; keep per. nese to pay twenty-one millions of dollars, petual peace with the English and all their open 5 of their principal ports and cede allies; and give hostages for the performthe island of Hong-Kong to the British. ance of the treaty. Formidable prepara1849. The fortress of Achulga, the resi- tions were made for this contest with the dence of Schamyl, a celebrated Circassian heathen savages. They drew up a manichief, was carried by assault by the Rus- festo, containing such facts as they consians, after a siege of four months. sidered sufficient to justify them in making 1851. LOPEZ, who had invaded Cuba war against the Narragansetts. It was enwith American volunteers, after sixteen titled, " a declaration of former passages days of reverses, and having lost nearly and proceedings betwixt the English and all his followers, was captured in the moun- the Narrohiggansetts, with their coifedertains by the aid of bloodhounds. ates, wherein the grounds and justice of 1851. A convention of twenty-five de- the ensuing warr are opened and cleared." legatesassembled in Lewis county, Oregon, In this document it is affirmed that the and appointed a committee to prepare a English colonies, "both in their treaties memorial to congress, to procure a division and converse with the barbarous natives of of the territory, and the organization of a this wilderness, have had an awful respect separate territorial government. to divine rules." It was determined im1853. The Austrian minister, M. Hulse- mediately to raise 300 men; Massachusetts mann, addressed a note to the American to raise 190, Plymouth 40, Connecticut 40, government, complaining of the conduct New Haven 30. of Capt. Ingraham in the Koszta affair. 1645. A formal treaty of peace between 1854. Petropaulowski, a Russian town, the Dutch in New Amsterdam, under attacked and bombarded by the allied William Kieft, and the Indians in the viEnglish and French fleet. The town was cinity. defended by 1,200 men and 120 guns. 1645. Parliament ordered a fast for a 342 EVERY DAY BOOK. [August 30. blessing on Scotland and sir Thomas Fair- when Von Kleist made a daring descent fax's army, and a cessation of the plague. from the mountains, upon the rear of 1690. King WILLIAM forced to raise the Vandamme, and gaining a decisive vicsiege of Limerick after sustaining great loss. tory saved Bohemia, against which Bona1717. WILLIAM LLOYD, an English pre- parte had directed his masterly demonstralate, died, aged 91. He was a zealous tions. promoter of the revolution, and a volumi- 1814. Alexandria, in Virginia, capitunous author. lated to the British, and delivered up the 1757. Battle of Norkettin; the Prussians public stores, shipping, &c. forced the Russian camp and batteries, and 1814. The British under sir Peter Parker, killed 2,000 men with an equal loss on having attacked the Americans at Moorstheir own part. field, were repulsed with considerable loss. 1785. By the plague which raged at Tri- Among the killed was sir Peter himself. poli, 30,000 persons had died up to this 1832. Number of deaths in Paris from date, of which 3,300 were Jews. The cholera since March, 18,000. brother of the bey, his two sons, and all 1834. HARDING, an eminent astronomer, the ministers of the bey were dead. All died at Gottingen; celebrated as the disthe Christians established in the city as coverer of the planet Juno. merchants had died. 1835. WILLIAM T. BARRY, postmaster1794. The Austrian garrison of Conde general under president Jackson, died at laid down their arms as prisoners of war Liverpool on his way to Spain, as minister at the first summons of the French repub- plenipotentiary of the United States. lican general Scherer. The garrison was 1838. DAVID HUME died, aged 82; baron strongly entrenched, and might have de- of the exchequer in Scotland, and author fled the enemy as long as their provisions of a celebrated work on criminal law. lasted. 1844. FRANCIS BAILEY, SO favorably 1795. ANDREW DANICAN (Philidor) died; known as a stock broker and author, died noted for his musical performances and in England. He was instrumental in compositions, by which he acquired the founding the astronomical society of Lonsobriquet from the king, of Philidor, after don. an Italian musician of that name, and by 1848. The United States district attorney which he is generally knoswn as'a celebrated of Arkansas had orders from government chess player. His fondness for the game to discover and prosecute all those who grew into a passion, in order to indulge were engaged in preparing a military exwhich he traveled over a great part of pedition against Mexico, and establishing Europe, engaging everywhere with the the republic of the Sierra Madre. best players. He remained some time in 1849. The chamber of deputies at Turin England, during which he printed his A.n- voted 100,000 livres to relieve the refugees alysis of Chess, a standard work. On his from different parts of Italy. return to France he devoted his attention 1850. JOHN INMAN, a New York editor, to the comic opera, of which he produced died, aged 46. He was educated for the 21 pieces. A short time previous to his law, but commenced his editorial experidecease he played two games blindfolded ence about 1830, with the Spirit of the at the same time against two excellent Timnes. He was also for a time connected chess players, and won. with the New York Mirror,. and in 1834 1797. In England, the Leeds methodist became assistant editor of the New York conference resolved to eject from their Commercial ddvertiser, which he edited communion, a brother, who should pro- ably on the death of William L. Stone. pogate opinions in opposition to the es- 1852. JOHN CAMDEN NEILD, an English tablished church. barrister, died at London, aged 72. He 1801. Cairo surrendered to the British, was privately known by his eccentricities and Egypt evacuated by the French under and miserliness, and after his death beMenou. He was the first French general came more publicly known by the strange who landed with Bonaparte, and the last bequest of all his property, estimated at who left it. $2,500,000, to the queen. 1804. THOMAS PERCIVAL, well known 1852. GEORGE FREDERICK VON LANGSfor his writings on moral and medical sub- doRFF, a noted botanist and traveler, died jects, died at Manchester, England. at Freidburg, in the duchy of Baden. 1804. JOHN BLAIR LINN, an American 1853. The cholera, which prevailed very poet, died, aged 27. He published 2 vols. generally in the north of Europe, became of miscellaneous pieces. nearly extinct at Copenhagen, where it de1810. JOHN PHILIP DE COBENTZL, an Aus- stroyed 4,006 lives. In St. Petersburg trian statesman, died. He was the last of the deaths during this visitation were that illustrious family. 5,609. 1813. Battle of Nollendorf, in Bohemia, 1854. The British admiral PRICE engaged August 30.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 343 in bombarding the Russian town Petro- Pilgrim's Progress will perpetuate his mepaulowski, was killed by a shot from his mory. own pistol. 1733. Fifty tons of half pence and far1855; FEARGUS EDWARD O'CONNOR, lead- things sent from the Tower of London to er of the chartists in Great Britain, died at Ireland. Notting hill, England, aged 59, in the 1772 WILLIAM BORLASE, an English custody of an institution for the insane. writer on natural history, &c., died. He also devoted much attention to antiquities. 1805. JAMES CURRIE, an eminent ScottAUGUST 31. ish physician, died. He wrote on medicine, and published an edition of Robert Burns 1130. ABu ABDILLAH MOHAMMED, founder with an excellent memoir. of the sect and dynasty of Almohades, 1813. Battle of St. Sebastian; Wellingdied. The empire founded by this im- ton having driven the French over the poster, lasted 140 years. Pyrennes, carried this place by storm and 1290. EDWARD I, by a proclamation, ex- achieved a victory on the heights of San iled the whole race of English Jews for- Marceil. French loss 15,000. ever, on penalty of death. 1832. EVERARD HOME, an English ana1422. HENRY V of England died at Vin- tomist, died, aged 77. He was one of the cennes, in France. He had conquered the most eminent medical men of his day, and kingdom, and was received at Paris as the his publications are numerous and in high future master of the country. repute. 1523. ULRIC HUTTEN, an eccentric Ger- 1849. The convention for framing a man poet, died. state constitution for California, assembled 1568. JOHN DE LA VALETTE PARISOT, at Monterey. grand master of the knights of Malta, 1852. JAMES L. KINGSLEY, professor of died. He bravely defended the island languages and ecclesiastical history, died, against a formidable siege by the Turks in aged 73. He was connected with the col1557. lege in the department of classical litera1578. FROBISHER embarked to return ture, with high reputation, for half a from his third voyage to the northernmost century. part of the American continent. His fleet 1853. The cholera appeared at Newwas separated the next night, by a violent castle upon Tyne, in England, and caused storm, but arrived safe, one ship after an- 1538 deaths before its disappearance on other, in England. Stow, the chronicler, the 26th October. says, " they fraught their shippes with the 1853. A Roman circus of great size was like pretended gold ore out of the mines," discovered at Tours in France, where exas on their last voyage, " but after great cavations were being made. charges it proved worse than good stone, 1853. The small pox raged at the Sandwhereby many men were deceived to their wich islands, having since May carried off utter undoings." 1,805 persons out of a population of 60,000. 1615. STEPHEN PASQUIER died; an emi- 1855. WILLIAM H. FRY died at Philanent French advocate and poet. delphia, aged 78. He was one of the mag1660. JOHN FREINSHEMIVS, a learned nates of the press in that city, and the German, died. He understood most of the founder of the National Gazette. languages of Europe, and his supplements 1855. LEwIS WESTON DILLWYN, a British to Livy and Quintus Curtius, go far to naturalist, died at Swanse, Wales, aged supply the loss of the originals. 77. He produced several valuable works 1688. JOHN BUNYAN died, aged 60. From on natural history, and communicated vaan abandoned youth he became a re- rious papers on fossils, shells and plants spectable preacher; the authorship of to the Royal society. SEPTEMBER. SEPTEMBER 1. plounder and buttie they gat in the towne, exceeded two millions and a half." 5508 B. c. The world was created, ac- 1675. The Indians under the notorious cording to the Septuagint, followed by Ju- king Philip fell upon the town of Deerfield, lius Africanus, a chronologer of the third in Massachusetts, killed one man, and century, upon the first of September, five laid most of the town in ashes. thousand five hundred and eight years, 1682. WILLIAM PENN sailed for America three months and twenty-five days before in the ship Welcome, 300 tons burthen, the birth of Christ. Of the 7,349 years with about a hundred other emigrants, which are thus supposed to elapse since mostly quakers. the creation, we shall find 3,000 of ignor- 1685. LEOLINE JENKINS, an able Engance and darkness; 2,OOC either fabulous lish civilian and statesman, died. or doubtful; 1,000 of ancient history, com- 1687. HENRY MORE, an English philomencing with the Persian empire and the sopher and poet, died. His works once republics of Rome and Athens; 1,000 from enjoyed a high reputation. the fall of the Roman empire in the west 1697. The imperialists, commanded by to the discovery in America; and the re- prince Eugene, defeated the Turks at maining 349 will compose the modern Zentha; the grand vizier and upwards of state of Europe and mankind. 20,000 men killed. 44 B. c. Divine honors decreed to the 1715. Louis XIV, of France, died. His memory of Caesar. reign is marked as an era of magnificence, 1159. ADRIAN IV (Nicholas Brekespere), learning and licentiousness, in France; pope, died. He was the only Englishman and he left behind him monuments of unever elected to the office. precedented splendor and expense, in 1611. The crew of HENRY HUDSON, who palaces, gardens, &c. had mutinied and put him adrift in an 1715. FRANCIS GIRANDON, an eminent open boat, were picked up by a fisherman, French sculptor and architect, died. in a wretched condition. Their best sus- 1720. EUSEBUS RENAUDOT, a distinguishtenance left, while on their voyage, was ed French orientalist, died. seaweed fried with candles' ends, and the 1721. JOHN KIELL, an eminent Scottish skins of fowls. They were in such a state mathematician and philosopher, died. His of starvation that only one of them had works are numerous and in high repute. strength to lie on the helm and steer the 1729. RICHARD STEELE, an English ship. It appears that they had quarreled writer and politician, died; " justly celeamong themselves, and met with a fearful brated as an essayist, just remembered as a retribution. dramatist, and almost forgotten as a poli1620. The English pilgrims sailed from tician." Plymouth in the Mayflower, for the Ameri- 1730. A new 9olcano opened at Temancan continent, intending to find some place faya, in the isle of Lanzerota. near Hudson's river for a settlement. 1731. French erected a fort at Crown 1633. ANTONIo QUERENGHI, an Italian point, on lake Champlain. poet, died. 1755. MAURICE GREENE, an eminent 1641. The Raritans made an attack upon English music composer, died. He underthe colony of Staten island, and murdered took an important reformation in church the colonists, in revenge for previous de- music which he did not live to effect. predations by the Dutch. 1766. PETER ANICH, a Tyrolese peasant, 1651. Dundee, in Scotland, taken by astronomer and geographer, died. He folstorm by general Monk. " Mounche com- lowed the occupation of a farmer till the maundit all, of quhatsummever sex to be age of 28, after which he commenced his putt to the edge of the sword. There were scientific career. 800 inhabitants and soldiers killed, and 1771. CUTHBERT SHAwv died; an English about 200 women and children. The poet of "humble origin, but of superior Sept. 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 345 attainments, and inferior to no. writer of of the American Bible society, and 40 years ancient or modern times." register of the United States treasury. 1774. General GAGE seized the powder 1849. The deaths registered in London at Charlestown, in consequence of which for the week, were 2,796; exceeding those the people rose and compelled several offi- of any previous week, and nearly three cers of the king's government to resign. times the average of the season. Of the 1776. LEWIS HENRY CHRISTOPHER HOLTY, number, 1,663 were by cholera, and 234 an Excellent German poet, died. " In by diarrhea. tender elegiac or idylic poetry, he is pecu- 1851. ANTONIO LOPEZ, who attempted to liary successful." affect a revolution in Cuba, was garotted 1779. French fleet, count d'Estaing, at Havana. captured off Charleston, S. C., British ship 1851. The rail road in Russia from St. Experiment, 50 guns, and three frigates. Petersburg to Moscow, was inaugurated. 1784. JOHN FRANCIS SEGUIER, a distin- 1853. Louis CHITTI, an Italian exile, died guished French botanist, and president of in New York. He was secretary of finance the academy of Nismes, died. to Murat, afterwards professor of political 1787. JOHN BAKE, an eminent Dutch economy at Brussels; then commissioner philosopher and Latin writer, was born at to the United States from Belgium. During Leyden. His last work was an edition of the troubles of 1821 at Naples, he was exCicero de Legibus. pelled, and resided in this country. 1793. A fine marble bust of John Milton, 1855. WILLIAM CRANCH, an eminent the poet, was placed in the church at Crip- American judge, died at Washington, D. plegate. C., aged 86. He published 9 vols. of cases 1801. ROBERT BAGE, an English novelist in the supreme court, and was highly reof considerable merit, died. spected for his talents and learning. 1804. The planet Juno discovered by Harding, of Germany. Her diameter is 1,425 miles, and she performs a very ec- SEPTEMBER 2. centric orbit round the sun in 4 years and 128 days. 44 B. c. CICERO delivered the first of 1804. JAMES NICHOLSON, an officer in the those speeches against Marc Antony, called American navy during the war of the revo- his Philippics. lution, died. 31 B. C. Battle of Actium, off the pro1806. PATRICK O'BRYEN, the Irish giant, montory of Epirus, in which the fleet of died at Bristol, England. His height was Marc Antony was defeated and his hopes 8 feet, 5 inches. utterly prostrated. 1814. Champlain village taken posses- 1338. EDWARD III was invested by the sion of by the British under Provost. emperor at Coblentz, with the title of his 1814. Fort Castine, on the Penobscot, vicar, but refused to kiss the imperial foot. and several places taken by the British 1483. The renowned Caxton issued from under Sherwood and admiral Griffith. his press a book entitled, Confessio A.man1814. United States sloop of war Wasp, tis: That is to saye in Englisshe, The Concaptain Blakely, fell in with 10 sail of Brit- fessyon of the Louer. ish vessels convoyed by a 74, and bomb 1504. COLUMBUS sailed from Hispaniola ship. He cut out of the convoy a brig to Spain-his final leave of the country laden with military stores, and burnt her, which he had discovered-a discovery and sunk the brig Avon, of 19 guns. that had been to him a source of unutter1818. The state prison at Auburn, N. Y., able vexation and the vilest ingratitude. opened. 1519. Battle of Zehuacingo, between 400 1831. GEORGE FULTON, author of an im- Spaniards under Cortez, and the whole proved system of education and a popular force of the Tlascalan Indians, amounting pronouncing dictionary, died near New to about 40,000 warriors. The Indians Haven, Scotland. closed in upon the Spaniards in a dense 1838. WILLIAM CLARKE died; the com- mass, and bore down with determined panion of Lewis in the pioneer journey bravery upon the sturdy little band of inacross the Rocky mountains. He was vaders. A body of them, wielding twoheld in the highest estimation by nearly handed swords succeeded in killing one of all the tribes of western Indians, however the horses at a blow; but the rider was remote, whose character he well under- saved, and the saddle also at the cost of stood. He was several years governor of ten men wounded. The cannons and guns Missouri, and at the time of his death the of the Spaniards made terrible havoc oldest American settler residing in St. among the dense masses of the Indians, Louis. and they were compelled to retire with a 1841. JOSEPH NOURSE died; a soldier of great loss, leaving their enemy too much the revolution, one of the vice-presidents fatigued to follow them, and greatly re44 346 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 2. joiced to find that they had escaped anni- revolution, died of wounds' received at hilation. the battle of Dresden. 1591. RICHARD GRENVILLE, an English 1832. FRANCIS XAVIER DE ZACH died of naval officer, died. He distinguished him- cholera at Paris. He was a native of Hunself in battle against the Turks, and on gary, and one of the most eminent astrothe American coast against the Spaniards. nomers of the age. 1592. ROBERT GREEN, an English poet, 1832. JOHN OLDING- BUTLER died; an and one of the famous Grub street writers, Frlglish writer, author of a Geography of died in London. So infamous was Grub the Globe. street at that time, that Mr. Henry Welley 1834- THOMAS TELFORD, a distinguished says in his narrative, that he lived there architect and civil engineer, died at Lon40 years without being seen of any one. don. He was a self-made man, rising from 1666. Great fire in London, which con- a shepherd boy in Eskdale, Scotland, to sumed 400 streets, 13,200 houses and 89 rank with the most learned of his age. churches-and destroyed the plague! 1836. WILLIAM HENRY, a celebrated 1685. ALICIA LISLE beheaded at Win- writer on chemistry, died. chester. Her offence was harboring a nonconforming minister named Hicks. 1701. The court of chancery of the state of New York organized. SEPTEMBER 3. 1746. JOHN BAPTIST COLBERT, marquis of Torrey, died; a French statesman, ce- 1189. Inauguration of RICHARD I (Caoer lebrated for his embassies. de Lion), at Westminster, a most splendid 1755. Sir CHARLES HARDY arrived in the pageant. port of New York, to succeed De Lancey 1328. CASTRACANI CASTRUCCIO, a famous as governor of the province, and his com- Italian general, died. lie was found, when mission was published on the next day, an infant, in a heap of leaves, in Tuscany; with the usual solemnities, and was fol- and lived to attain the highest rank in lowed by an entertainment, bonfires, illu- military fame. minations and other expressions of joy. 1332. A famous bull feast in the Coliseum 1766. ARCBIBALD BOWYER, a learned at Rome, after the fashion of the Moors Scottish Jesuit, died. He wrote a History and Spaniards. The ladies were seated of the Popes, and some other historical in three balconies, linedwith scarlet cloth. works; but is accused of much imposture. Every knight assumed a livery and device. 1784. JOHN BAPTIST ANTHONY VISCONTI, The champions who were left on the arena an Italian antiquary, died. In his re- outnumbered the quadrupeds. searches for ancient monuments at Rome, 1588. RICHARD TARLETON, a celebrated he discovered the tomb of the Scipios. jester and actor, and dramatic writer, was 1792. The prisons of Paris, filled with buried at Shoreditch, London-the Yorick nobles, ecclesiastics and opulent citizens, of Shakspeare's Hamlet. suspected of favoring the court and aris- 1592. ROBERT GREENE, an English dratocratical party, were burst open, and the matic author, died; notorious for his liinmates massacred to the number of 12,- centiousness. 487, during this and the following day. 1609. HENRY HUDSON, coasting northNeither age, rank nor sex were respected wardly, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon came by theJacobins, who urged the expediency to three great rivers, and stood for the of destroying these persons before the northernmost. Austrians should reach the capital. 1634. EDWARD COKE, the celebrated 1792. MARIE THERESE DE LAMBALLE, an English judge, died. He was a clear and Italian princess, murdered in Paris. She luminous writer on the laws and constituescaped from Paris at the same time with tion of his country. the royal family, by another road, and 1642. Battle of Liscarrol, between the reached England. But on hearing the fate Irish army of 7,500, under general Barry, of her friend the queen, hastened back to and the British, 2,400, under lord Inchishare her fortune, and met with a bar- quin, in which the latter were victorious. barous death from the hands of the mob. 1650. Battle of Dunbar; the Scots un1806. An immense rock forming the der Leslie defeated with great slaughter by summit of the Rosenburg in Switzerland Oliver Cromwell; 3,000 of them slain and was precipitated into the valley with a vast 10,000 taken prisoners, one half of whom amount of rubbish, overwhelming several were " driven, like turkeys, into Engvillages, and partly filling lake Lauwertz. land." Upwards of 1,000 persons perished, and 1651. Battle of Worcester; Cromwell three villages totally disappeared. defeated Charles II with great slaughter; 1813. JEAN VICTOR MOREAU, one of the the whole Scottish army being principally most distinguished generals of the French killed or taken. Sept. 3.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 347 1653. CLAUDIUS SALMASIUS, a French 1782. Sixth action between the British, historian and critic, died. He was a man admiral Hughes, 12 ships and a 5() gun of most uncommon abilities and erudition, ship, and the French admiral Suffrein, 12 as his works, numerous and various, show. h illps and three 50 gun ships, off Trinco1658. OLIVER CROMWELL died, on the malee. The action was bloody; the French anniversary of some of his most famous on re-entering the harbor in the evening, victories. The mighty conqueror, Death, lost a 74 gun ship. snatched him in no ordinary manner, for 1783. Definitive articles of peace signed Dan iEolus proclaimed it in tempest to all at Paris, between England, France, Spain nations of Europe. and America. 1660. JAMES, duke of York, remarried 1791. New French constitution presentto Ann Hyde; Clarendon, lord chancellor, ed to Louis XVI by the national assembly. pretending on account of the dignity of 1796. Battle of Wurzburg; the French royalty, he would rather have seen her his under Jourdan defeated by the Austrians concubine than his wife. under the archduke Charles. 1662. WILLIAM LENTHALL, speaker of 1801. British took possession of Alexanthe parliament that levied war against dria, Egypt. They found there 312 canCharles I, died. non. The garrison consisted of nearly 1680. PAUL RAGUENEAU, superior of the 12,000, who had subsisted a long time on Jesuit missionaries in Canada, died at Pa- horseflesh. ris, aged 75. He was a man of wonderful 1803. JOSEPH RITSON, an English writer, confidence in God, and of the most com- died. Though a man of learning, he plete disengagement from temporal things. adopted a most singular and capricious 1692. DAVID AN6ILLON, a German divine, form of orthography. died; eminent for his learning, piety and 1804. Sixth attack on Tripoli by the eloquence. His library at Metz was a great American squadron under Com. Preble. curiosity to the learned. The Constitution brought to in a situation 1711. ELIZABETH SOPEIIA CHERON died; where more than 70 guns could be brought a French lady who obtained great celebrity to bear upon her. She silenced one of by her talents for poetry, painting, the their batteries, and considerably damaged learned languages and music. the town, castle and other batteries. 1715. The pretender proclaimed king 1807. CLARA REEVE died, aged 70; an James VIII by the earl of Mar at Aboyne, English writer of considerable literary taAberdeenshire. lent. 1729. JOEN HARDOUIN, a French Jesuit, 1816. KIA KING, emperor of China, dedied; who distinguished himself for his throned by the guards of his palace, on criticism and extensive erudition, as well account of a sentence he passed in relation as by the singularity of his opinions. to some affairs of religion. 1733. At Carlton, Yorkshire, England, a 1839. WILLIAM SULLIVAN died at Boston, vault, 8 feet by 5, was discovered 18 feet aged 64. He was an eminent lawyer, and below the surface, in which lay a skeleton sustained various civil and military offices, of a large body with a helmet in a niche and was the author of Familiar Letters, over the head, on, the wall some Saxon Political Class Book, 4c. characters and the date 992 were dis- 1852. GEORGE RICHARDSON PORTER, secovered. cretary of the board of trade, died at 1739. GEORGE LILLO, an English drama- Tunbridge Wells, England, aged 60. He tic writer, died. Though a jeweler by wrote upon the,ugar cane, and other proprofession, and a man of business, he cul- ducts and manufactures. tivated the muses, and acquired great ce- 1855. Gen. WALKER with 150 men, only lebrity. 80 of whom were white, took up his quar1752. New style;',eleven days blotted ters at Virgin bay. Gen. Mandiola attacked from the English calendar; this, the 3d, him with 400 men, but was defeated with being accounted the 14th. The Julian the loss of 50. Walker's loss 1 white, 4 computation, either from ignorance or natives. negligence, supposing a complete solar re- 1855. RACHEL, the not:;d French actress, volution in the precise period of 365 days made her first appearance in America at and 6 hours, made no provision for the New York, and was enthusiastically redeficiency of 11 minutes per annum, ceived. which, however, in the lapse of 18 centu- 1855. Battle of Sand Hills; the United ries amounted to a difference of 11 days. States troops under general Harney gained 1774. ANTONY DE FERRIOL, count Pont a complete victory over the Sioux Indians, de Vesle, died; a French comic writer. killing 86 warriors, and capturing about 1777. British under Gen. HOWE marched 70 women and children, with a loss of upon Philadelphia, and the Americans re- only 4 of his own men. treated across the Brandywine. 348 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 4. of the Royal observatory at Paris 113 SEPTEMBER 4. years. 1785. A Mr. SADLER ascended at Oxford, 1456. JOHN CORVINUS HUNNIADES died; England, in a balloon of his own construca general in the Hungarian armies, distin- tion. He was the first Englishman who guished for his bravery and his great suc- undertook an serial voyage. cess in the wars with the Turks. 1796. A quantity of rope was brought 1532. PIZARRO, having landed in Peru into the office of the secretary of state at and founded a colony, now began his London as the first specimen of the labor march for the conquest of the country. of convicts at Botany bay. It was two His force consisted of 62 horse, and 106 inches thick. foot, among whom were 20 crossbowmen, 1797. On this day the majority of the with which he went forth to encounter French directory overthrew the opposite tens of thousands of fierce and warlike party; sixty-five deputies were condemned men. It is said that Pizarro incited his to deportation as guilty of a conspiracy for followers to this dangerous enterprise by the restoration of the monarchy. The the singular argument, that this main de- councils renewed their oaths of hatred sign was the propagation of the catholic againsteroyalty on this occasion. faith, without injuring any person. 1800. Cayuga bridge over the lake 1588. ROBERT DUDLEY, earl of Leicester, finished. died. He was a great favorite at the court 1802. GARNERIN, a French aeronaut, made of Elizabeth, and accounted a man of a descent of about 8,000 feet in his paratalents; but artful, ambitious, and cri- chute. This was not so successful as a minal. former experiment, the parachute not 1598. PHILIP II of Spain died at the opening for some time after being cut from Escurial of a loathsome disease. By his the balloon. own account, he expended 600,000,000 of 1804. Great hurricane in the West Ingold ducats and sacrificed 20,000,000 of dies; 274 vessels lost. human lives. 1805. PETER FRANCIS ANDREW MECHAIN, 1665. Naval action between the English a French astronomer, died. He was a and Dutch; the latter lost 12 war and 2 practical man, and accomplished much East India ships. useful labor. 1676. JOHN OGILBY, a Scottish writer, 1808. JOHN HOME, a Scottish writer, died, died. From the profession of a dancing aged 84. He was a preacher at the time master he became an eminent geographer, his admirable play of Douglas appeared, critic and poet. which gave so much offence to the pres1699. CHRISTIAN V, king of Denmark, bytery that he resigned. died, in consequence of a wound received 1830. DONALD MCDONALD died at Lynn, in hunting, aged 53. He was much en- Mass., aged 108. He was born in Scotgaged in war. (August 25?) land, 1722, and during the last years of 1727. The body of GEORGE I of Eng- his life wandered about the country, a land was interred in the night at Hanover. vagrant of the most intemperate habits. 1745. The town of Perth occupied by He was with Wolfe at the battle of Quethe adherents to Charles the pretender, bec. and he himself proclaimed king of Great 1834. GEORGE CLYMER, inventor of the Britain. Columbian printing press, died in London, 1753. ANDREW FOUNTAINE, an English aged 80; formerly of Philadelphia. antiquarian, died. He traveled over the 1836. The sultan of Turkey released all European continent in search of pictures, the inmates of his seraglio from the permedals, statues and inscriptions, with which petual imprisonment within the precincts he enriched the cabinets of England. of his palace, to which they had considered 1759. PAUL FRANCIS VELLI, a French themselves to be condemned for life. Jesuit, died; author of a valuable history 1843. Capt. Ross landed at Folkstone on of France. his return from a voyage of discovery in 1780. JOHN FIELDING, one of the police the southern polar circle, which had ocjustices of London, died at Bromton. cupied four years. Though blind from his youth he was a 1844. Metamoras destroyed by a hurrivigorous writer, and an efficient magistrate. cane. More than two-thirds of the houses 1784. CIESAR CASSINI DE THURY, an emi- in the city were prostrated, and 200 lives nent French astronomer, died. He had lost. This city was devastated in the same acquired much knowledge on the science way in 1835 and 1837. at the age of 10. He published a map of 1850. Marshal HAYNAU, who commandFrance in 182 sheets, which has served as ed the Austrian forces in the Hungarian a model for all subsequent works of the war, visited the brewery of Perkins & kind. This family had been at the head Barclay, London, and was attacked by a Sept. 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 349 mob composed of the workmen in the audience, he was panic struck; he stood establishment, and the draymen and coal motionless and speechless, until bursting heavers outside, and barely escaped with into tears he walked off the stage, making his life, by the assistance of the police. a most inglorious exit. It is scarcely neThe cruelties of his acts had excited the cessary to add that he was afterwards the indignation of all Christendom. hero and favorite in tragedy and comedy 1852. The Hudson river steam boat for nearly half a century. Reindeer exploded, by which 28 lives 1765. ANNE CLAUDE DE CAYLUS, a were lost, and 20 others were injured. French writer, died. His Collection of Egyptian A.ntiquities, 7 vols. 4to, is valuable. He also discovered, from a passage SEPTEMBER 5. of Pliny, the ancient mode of encausting painting, and of tinging marble. 1548. CATHARINE PARR, the sixth and 1774. The first congress met at Philalast queen of Henry VIII, died. She was delphia. There were 52 members present learned, and had sufficient prudence and from eleven colonies. (Sept. 4,?) sagacity to direct the caprices of the mon- 1778. British under Gen. Grey landed arch in his dotage. at Bedford or Dartmouth, and destroyed 1569. EDMUND BONNER, bishop of Lon- above 70 sail of shipping, besides srpall don, died. He was of low parentage, and craft. They burnt the magazine, wharf, on coming to power, distinguished himself storehouses, vessels on the stocks, the by a most cruel and bloody persecution of dwelling houses and mills, and levied a the protestants, 200 of whom he was in- contribution of all the public moneys, 300 strumental in bringing to. the stake, and is oxen and 10,000 sheep. said to have whipped and tortured several 1781. An indecisive engagement took with his own hands. On the accession of place off the Chesapeake between the BritElizabeth he was committed to prison, ish fleet, admiral Graves, and the French where he died. fleet under de Grasse. While the two ad1593. The river Thames in England al- mirals were mancenvering, count de Barras most dry from westerly winds and low with a French fleet of eight line of battle tides. ships passed the British at night and got 1618. JACQUES DAVY DU PERRON, a within the capes of Virginia; by this comFrench cardinal, died; celebrated for his bination the French had a decided superilearning and political knowledge. ority, and the British took their depart1654. Cromwell's first parliament as- ure. sembled at Westminster. The speech ex- 1785. LUNARDI made the first balloon plaining his policy occupied three solemn ascent in Scotland. He ascended at Edinhours. burgh, and traversed a distance of fifty 1655. STUYVESANT sailed from New York miles over sea and land in one hour and against the Swedes on the South or Dela- a half. ware river. 1786. JONAS HANWAY, an English mer1685. FRANCIS NORT.H, an English states- chant and philanthropist, died. He unman, died. He rose through his abilities, dertook a laborious and dangerous course and found time amidst his arduous duties of travels through Russia into Persia, with to prepare and publish several works. a view of opening trade. The city of Lon1701. EDMUND BOURSAULT, a French don owes many useful improvements and dramatist, died. He received little or no institutions to his enterprise and benevoeducation, yet became a correct and popu- lence. lar author. 1794. JOHN HELY HUTCHINSON, an Irish 1745. SIMoN JOSEPH PELLEGRIN, a French lawyer and statesman, died. He was noted ecclesiastic and poet, died. He obtained for his avidity after lucrative offices; of the prize at the academy in 1704. whom lord North remarked, that if Eng1752. The first play performed in Ame- land and Ireland were given him he would rica by a regular company of comedians, solicit the Isle of Man for a potato garden. at Williamsburgh, then the capital of Vir- 1800. The capitulation of the fortress of ginia. The piece was the Merchant of Ve- Valetta, at Malta, was signed, two years nice, and the afterpiece Lethe, written by after it had been taken from the knights Garrick. Thus Shakspeare had the first by the French. It was agreed that the place, in time as in merit, as the dramatist French troops should march out with the of the western world, and Garrick the ho- honors of war as far as the sea shore, nor of attending on his master. Lewis where they should ground their arms, and Hallam made his " first appearance on any then be embarked for Marseilles as prisonstage " at this performance. He had one ers of war until exchanged, and Malta has line to speak, apparently an easy task, but remained in the hands of the British. when he found himself in presence of the 1808. CLEMENT CRUTTWELL died; an 350 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 5. English divine and author, whose literary fort Adams, and was one of the most skillperformances, for labor, extent and utility, ful and scientific officers of the engineer have rarely been equaled. corps. He was sent out to superintend 1812. First battle of Borodino, in Rus- the construction of the fortifications at San sia; the French under Bonaparte and his Francisco. favorite generals; the Russians under 1853. GEORGE POINDEXTER, a Mississippi Koutousoff. The Russians made a despe- statesman, died at Jackson. He was the rate resistance, till night separated the second governor of Mississippi, and in combatants. 1811 killed Abijah Hunt in a duel. 1813. Action off Seguin between United 1854. ROBERT M. PATTERSON, director States brig Enterprise, 17 guns, Lieut. of the United States mint, died at PhilaBurrows, and British brig of war Boxer, delphia. He was president of the Ameri18 guns, Lieut. Blythe; the latter was can philosophical society, and had been captured in 40 minutes, with the loss of up- a professor in the universities of Pennsylwards of 20 killed and 14 wounded; Anre- vania and Virginia. rican loss 4 killed and 10 wounded. Both commanders were killed, and were buried together at Portland, on the eighth. SEPTEMBER 6. 1819. At Studein, in Moravia, at noonday, the atmosphere being serene and 972. JOHN XIII, pope, died. He was tranquil, there was a fall of little pieces of elected by the power of the emperor, earth from a small cloud isolated and very against the wishes of the Roman people. bright. A violent dissention was the consequence, 1824. PETER LOUIS LACRETELLE died; and the new pontiff was banished the next a distinguished French lawyer and writer. year by the prefect of Rome; he was rein1837. BOROWLASKI, a celebrated Polish stated by the emperor, and his opponent dwarf, died in England, aged 98. His in turn sent into exile. height was short of. 36 inches, though his 1492. COLUMBUS sailed from the Canarperson was of complete symmetry. In ies, where he had been detained since the former years he traveled on the continent, 12th of August, in refitting for the voyage. but for the last 40 years had resided in 1521. JOHN SEBASTIAN DEL CANO, having England. He excelled as a wit and hu- on the death of Magellan, been appointed morist, was acquainted with several lan- captain of the Spanish expedition for the guages, and his company was much court- discovery of a western passage to the Moed. He had brothers and sisters, some of lucca or Spice islands, conducted the rewhom were above six feet in stature. mainder of the voyage, which was finished 1841. GRENVILLE MILLEN, an American this day. This was the first voyage round poet, died at New York, aged 41. He re- the world. It sailed August 10th, 1519, linquished the profession of the law to de- from Seville, and consisted of five ships vote himself to poetry and literature, of and 236 men. Only one ship of this squadwhich he published a volume in 1833. ron ever reached Spain. (5th?) 1848. The city of Messina, in Sicily, was 1578. DRAKE having passed the straits bombarded and taken by the king's troops. of Magellan, entered the Pacific ocean, on 1848. An insurrection occurred at Leg- his memorable campaign against the Spanhorn, and the city was placed by the in- ish treasure ships.' surgents in the hands of a provisional 1581. WILLIAM POSTEL, a French mathegovernment. matician, died. He possessed great learn1849. SAMUEL BUNCH, a congressman ing, but was a visionary. His works are from Tennessee, died, aged 63. He com- twenty-sis in number, on curious and manded a regiment under Gen. Jackson in strange subjects. the Indian war, and in the charge of the 1609. HUDSON having anchored at Sandy battle of the Horse Shoe, was the first or Hook, sent forward five men in a boat, second man over the breast works of the who passed through the Narrows, sounding enemy. as they went. They were attacked by two 1852. WILLIAM MACGILLIVRAY died; Indian canoes, and John Colman, an Engprofessor in the university of Aberdeen, lishman, who had accompanied Hudson who published works upon birds, and in in his polar voyages, was killed. This other departments of natural history. was the first European blood that was shed 1852. JOHN PITKIN NORTON, professor of in these waters. The place where he was agricultural chemistry at Yale college, died, interred is still called Colman's point. aged 30. 1620. The Mayflower, with its company, 1853. 1. L. MASON, a United States en- consisting of 101 passengers, sailed from gineer, died at San Francisco. He was Plymouth, England, for America; having born in Providence, educated at West been obliged to put back twice, on account Point, and constructed the fortifications at of the leaky condition of the Speedwell, Sept. 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 351 which was to sail with her. This was. the rare faculty of entertaining an audience company of Pilgrims which landed at Ply- four hours at a sitting. By his lectures on mouth rock, and commenced the settle- heads he realized about 50,000 dollars; ment of New England. but died finally in a mad house. 1645. A general thanksgiving was or- 1796. WILLIAM BENWELL, an elegant dained by governor Kieft, to be observed English scholar, died. through the limits of New Netherland, 1808. Louis PIERRE ANQUETIL nDU PERfor the restoration of peace with the In- RON, a French divine and historian, died. dians; showing that this festival, which is He traveled in Asia, where he acquired by many asserted to be exclusively puri- the language of the ancient Persians, and tanical, was also observed by the Dutch became acquainted with the original writoccasionally. ings of Zoroaster, and brought home a 1652. PHILIP ALEGAMBE died; a Dutch large amount of literary spoil. Jesuit whose works were in high estima- 1810. Battle of Rudschuck; the Rustion. sians defeated the Turks, killed the seras1676. The Massachusetts forces, having kir and 5,000 men, and took an immense subdued Philip, turned their arms against number of prisoners, with all their artithe eastern Indians, and surprised about lery and equipage. 400 of them at Cocheco, in Maine, who 1813. WILLIAM BURROWS, a gallant nawere all taken; those found accessory to val officer of the United States, was slain the late rebellion, being about half the in the action between the Enterprise, number, were sold into slavery, and seve- United States, and British ship Boxer. ral who had committed murders were (See 5th.) hung. 1814. British under general Provost took 1678. TONGE and OATES furnished a nar- Plattsburgh. rative of a plot to overturn the English 1816. THOMAS CLARKE died in London, government. aged 80. He came to the city at the age 1683. JOHN BAPTIST COLBERT, marquis of 22, and obtained the place of a porter; of Segnelia, died. He was an illustrious by the strictest economy and well directed French statesman, deservedly respected as effort, he accumulated the fortune of one a minister who ably restored the navy, the and a half million dollars. commerce and finances of the country, 1821. VICESSIMUS KNOX died; a learned patronized learning and science, and in- English divine and miscellaneous writer. vigorated genius by his mild and active 1839. An insurrection at Zurich, in generosity. Switzerland, in consequence of the city 1689. Mentz, in Germany, surrendered government having enacted a new law, to the imperialists. enforcing a system of government, inde1748. EDMUND GIBsoN, bishop of London, pendent of the clergy, and differed from died; an eminent antiquarian, theological, the routine of the old catechism, and hayvpolitical and controversial writer. ing called from Germany to fill the theo1769. Great jubilee at Stratford, Eng- logical chair of the university, professor land, in honor of Shakspeare. The pa- Strauss, whose neological doctrines had geant continued three days, and attracted given much offence. Several thousand much attention. peasants assembled and marched into the 1775. JOHN BAPTIST BULLET, a French city headed by their pastors. A few lives author, died. He possessed a most retent- were lost, the government declared itself ive memory, and his works are learned dissolved, the peasants withdrew, and the and useful. city became tranquil. 1781. Fort Griswold taken by the British 1848. The British forces under general under Arnold, and the garrison put to the Whish, besieged the city of Moulton, in sword. Colonel Ledvard, who commanded northern India, and were forced on the 14th the fort, was run through the body with to withdraw with much loss. his own sword, after he had surrendered. 1848. THOMAS TRENOR, an Irish exile, Of the garrison, 73 were killed, 30 or 40 died in New York, aged 86. In 1798 he wounded, and 40 taken prisoners. British was a merchant in extensive business, loss 48 killed, and 142 wounded. joined the patriots, and became treasurer 1781. New London was set on fire, 60 of the United Irish society. He was ardwellings and 84 stores burnt. rested for treason, and spent four years in 1781. American privateer, Congress, prison. Ruined in fortune, and with imcaptured British sloop of war Savage, 20 paired health, he came to America; for 17 guns. years was occupied in the iron manlufac1783. ANNA WILLIAMS, a blind English ture in Vermont, and for the last 15 years authoress, died, aged 77. was employed in the New York custom 1784. GEORGE ALEXANDER STEVENS, an house. English writer, died. He possessed the 1855. Colonel HENRY L. KINNEY was 352 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 6. appointed by acclamation civil and mili- lish. By the reduction of this place, Gen. tary governor of San Juan del Norte, or Amherst completed the conquest of Canada, Greytown, at a mass meeting of the citi- and the subversion of the French empire zens. in North America, which was added to the British possessions. 1772. An unprecedent rain and conseSEPTEMBER 7. quent flood happened in Inverary, Scotland. 70. Jerusalem demolished, and her 1776. GEORGE SMITH, an eminent Engfoundations broke up on this day, Grego- lish landscape painter and author, died. rian time. The walls were crossed on 1779. JOHN ARMSTRONG, a celebrated Friday, the last day of August, the con- Scottish poet, died. quest was completed on the sabbath and 1783. LEONARD EULER, a Swiss mathethe calends of September, and the havoc matician, died. He possessed great eru. consumed about six days. There were dition, and was perfect master of anslain or butchered one million beards. (See cient mathematical literature; and had the 8th Aug. Gorpeius is a tropical month, history of all ages and nations, even to the beginning 25th Aug.) minutest facts, ever present to his mind. 1069. The Danes again made a descent 1784. ANN LEE, known by the appellaon England, and landed at Dover. tion of the "elect lady," or mother of 1134. ALFONSO, king of Arragon, killed Zion, and head of the sect called Slhakers, in battle. died at Nisqueunia, near Albany, N. Y. 1493. FREDERICKIV, of Germany, died. 1798. PETER FREDERICK SUHM, an emiHe was a weak, indolent and superstitious nent Danish historian and miscellaneous monarch, who saw his subjects revolt with writer, died. His histories form 16 quarto indifference, and was afterwards reduced volumes, and his other works 15 vols. to beg his bread. 1799. JOHN INGENHOUZ, an eminent Bel1533. Birthday of ELIZABETH, after- gian natural philosopher, died in England. wards queen of England; daughter of His chemical discoveries were applied to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. medical aud agricultural improvements. 1566. NICHOLAS ZRINYI, a Hungarian 1799. PETER CHARLES LE MONNIER, a Leonidas, killed. He had thrown himself celebrated French astronomer, died. He into the castle of Szigeth, with 3,000 men, was one of those who made the journey and was besieged by the Turks. This to the north in 1785, for the admeasurenumber was dwindled down to 600 by re- ment of the globe. peated sallies. The sultan died of rage at 1805. THOMAS BUTLER died; he was a his obstinacy, and the grand vizier made brave officer in the American revolutionary a general assault. Zrinyi rushed out at the army, but refusing to comply with the head of his band, and was killed by three general order, to cut the hair close to the balls; the whole garrison shared his fate. head, he was involved in much difficulty Above 20,000 Turks had been killed dur- with general Wilkeson. ing the siege. 1807. Copenhagen surrendered to the 1644. GREY BENTIVOGLIO, an Italian British after a long bombardment, in which cardinal, died. He wrote an account of six thousand were killed and wounded, Flanders, and a history of its civil wars. and 1,800 houses destroyed. 1655. NICHOLAS ABRAM, a French Jesuit, 1811. PETER SIMOM PALLAS, a distindied; distinguished for his proficiency in guished writer of Prussia, died. He accomthe dead languages. panied empress Catherine's famous expe1671. A great training in Boston, says dition to Siberia, for the observation of the Winthrop's journal, which lasted two transit of Venus, &c. He was subsequently days; 1,200 men in the field, not an oath tutor to the grand dukes Alexander (afteruttered, nor any body drunk during the wards emperor) and Constantine. whole time, though there was much wine 1812. Battle of Borodino; the Russian and strong beer in town. army consisted of 120,000, and the French 1706. Battle of Turin; the French under had an equal number. There were also count Marisin defeated by prince Eugene, 500 cannon employed by each. The slaughwith the loss of 2,000 killed, and all their ter was dreadful; of one of the Russian dibaggage and ammunition, and the military visions that mustered 30,000 in the mornchest. ing, only 8,000 survived. These had 1736. The door of the Tolbooth, of Ed- fought in close order under a fire of 80 inburgh, burnt, and John Porteus, who cannon. It is computed that not less than had been sentenced to death, but reprieved 30,000 Russians, and 50,000 French were by the queen, taken out of jail by a mob, killed; and night found either army on and hanged on a lamp post. the ground they had occupied at day break. 1760. Montreal surrendered to the Eng- 1820. Great solar eclipse in England. Sept. 7.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 353 1827. Abo, the capital of Finland, nearly 1656. JOSEPH HIALL, " the first professed destroyed by fire. Only 800 volumes of English satirist," died. He was bishop of the public library escaped destruction, and Norwich, and acquired the title of the nearly 100 persons perished. Christian Seneca. He is universally al1831. Warsaw captured by the Russians lowed to have been a man of great wit and under Paskiewitch after two days' fight- learning. ing. Russian loss estimated at 20,000. 1664. The colony of New York surren1833. HANNAH MORE, a celebrated Eng- dered to the English. lish authoress, died, aged 88. Her works 1705. According to De Foe, it was on are very numerous, by which she realized this day that the apparition of Mrs. Veal upwards of $140,000. appeared to Mrs. Bargrave, at Canterbury, 1836. JOHN POND, an eminent English to say that Drelincosurt on Death was the astronomer, died. He was named by Dr. very best book on that subject. Maskelyne as the fittest man to succeed 1755. Battle of lake George, between him as astronomer royal, which office he the English under colonel Johnson and the held during 25 years with consumate French and Indians under baron Dieskau. ability. The French force was nearly 2,000; that 1838. WILLIAM COLFAX, an officer of the of the provincials greatly superior. A derevolution, died. He was one of the life tachment of 1,000 men and 200 Indians guards of Washington, and supposed to which were sent out from the fort were have been the last survivor of that corps. ambuscaded and narrowly escaped de1839. ANDREW HALLIDAY died; a Scot- struction. A grand attack was then made tish medical and historical writer of merit. on the fort by the French regulars, the 1847. Letters from St. Petersburgh of Canadians and Indians being employed on the 7th Sept. state, that that city has been the English flanks. After a battle of four visited with the most terrific storm of hours, the enemy was compelled to retreat wind and rain ever experienced within the in disorder, and were pursued by a party memory of the oldest inhabitant. It rained from the camp, which fell on their rear incessantly for forty-eight hours, whilst and precipitated their flight. Dieskau was the wind blew with intense violence. The taken prisoner, and the remnant of his result of this visitation was the destruction army completely routed by a detachment of above 400 houses. At one period fears of 200 New Hampshire militia, from fort were entertained for the safety of the en- Edward, who had been sent to the astire city, and some timid and superstitious sistance of the main army. The loss of persons apprehended the end of the world the provincials was 327 killed and woundwas at hand. ed-that of the enemy about 600. King 1850. The bill admitting California as Hendrik killed here. a state and Utah as a territory of the United 1756. The Indian village of Kettaning, States, passed the house of representatives. in Pennsylvania, destroyed by the colonists 1851. LEVI WOODBURY, an American under colonel Armstrong. The Indians statesman, died at Portsmouth, N. H., aged had fortified their village and provided a 64. supply of powder for 10 years, and great 1855. The first Hebrew temple in the quantities of arms and merchandise. The Mississippi valley was consecrated at St. place was surprised, the chief, colonel Louis. Jacobs, killed, and as the Indians refused 1855. LEONARD MAELZEL, the inventor to accept quarter, they were exterminated. of several musical and automatic instru- This affair was of so great importance that ments, and who exhibited the famous the authorities caused a silver medal to be chess player in this country, died at Vien- struck on the occasion. na, aged 79. 1757. The duke of CUMBERLAND in behalf of England signed the convention of Closter Seven, by which the electorate of SEPTEMBER 8. Hanover was left in the hands of the French and the whole army consisting of 70. Jerusalem taken by TrTos after a 40,000 Hessians, Brunswickers, &c., dismost obstinate resistance on the part of armed. the inhabitants. More than 1,000,000 are 1760. Canada surrendered to the British said to have perished. at Montreal under lord Amherst. This 1636. Harvard college founded at Cam- was hailed with universal joy by the colobridge, Mass. nies, as the end of the cruel wars and 1644. FRANCIS QUARLES, a celebrated bloody massacres which had hung over English poet, died. their towns and plantations nearly a cen1650. The princess ELIZABETH, daughter tury, in which the French and Indians had of the unfortunate Charles, died at Caris- been uniformly the aggressors, and hadvied brook castle in the isle of Wight, aged 15. with each other in murder, barbarity and 45 354 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 8. rapine. Under the brief repose which neither age nor sex spared by the furious followed the colonies rapidly increased in soldiery. number and wealth, till the gigantic strug- 1804. Great storm at Savannah, by which gle for independence again plunged the the city suffered to an immense amount in country in scenes of desolation and ruin, damages to buildings and other property, in which the British armies in a degree as well as loss of life. The storm extended emulated the French and Indian foe. to a considerable distance, carrying de1761. BERNARD FOREST DE BELIDOR, a struction with it in every quarter. Spanish mathematician, died at Paris. He 1817. JOHN CARTER, an eminent English wrote on fortifications and engineering, antiquary, draftsman and critic, died. He several valuable works. was many years a laborious contributor to 1772. The first court of general quarter the Gentleman's Magazine. sessions of the peace for the county of 1837. SAMUEL EGERTON BRIDGES, an Tryon was held at Johnstown, so called English nobleman, died near Geneva, in after sir Wm. Johnson; Guy Johnson, Switzerland. He was a man of conjudge. siderable talents and learning, and a vo1775. JOHN LEYDEN, afterwards a poet luminous writer in various branches of and famed oriental scholar, was born at literature, but possessed of a most unhappy Denholm, Roxburghshire. temper and disposition. 1781. Battle of Eutaw Springs; the 1838. BENJAMIN BOOTH ROYD, pastor of British regulars, 2,000 in number, under the independent church, Huddersfield, colonel Stewart, were defeated by the England, died. He was a lively example Americans under general Greene, 1,400 of piety and a life of industry. regulars and 500 militia. British loss in 1846. GEORGE MIFFLIN BACHE, lieutenant killed, wounded and prisoners about 1,000; commanding United States brig WashingAmerican loss about 500. This battle ton, died at sea off cape Hatteras. His closed the war in South Carolina. hopes of thoroughly exploring the Gulf 1782. Tremendous cannonade and bom- stream were thus cut off. bardment from Gibraltar with red hot balls 1847. Battle of El Molino del Rey, in and carcasses, upon the Spanish besiegers. Mexico, where many a brave American Two floating batteries were consumed. fell. 1793. The British under the duke of 1847. MARTIN SCOTT fell at the battle of York raised the siege of Dunkirk, in Molino del Rey. In early life he was one France, defended with great bravery and of the sharp shooters among the Green resolution by Hoche. Mountain Boys, and it is storied of him 1794. Battle of Brescia; the Poles de- that so unerring was his aim that a nail feated by the Russians under Suwarrow, driven partway into a board, he could drive with the loss of 8,000 men, and their home by his bullet. whole. park of artillery. ~ 1849. AMARIAH BRIGHAM, a distinguished 1795. A monument by FLAXMAN to the physician, died at Utica, New York, aged memory of Collins, the poet, was set up at 51. He was superintendent of the State Chichester, England. asylum for the insane. 1797. RICHARD FARMER died; a celebrat- 1852. MARK H. SIBLEY, an eminent lawed scholar and critic. He is noted for a yer, died at Canandaigua, New York, aged single work, his Essay on the Learning of 56. He had distinguished himself at the Shakspeare, in which he maintains that the bar, in the state assembly and in congress, bard obtained his knowledge of ancient and on the bench. history and mythology from translations 1853. The first chamber in Holland and not from original classic authors. It adopted the much disputed law on reliis probably the best commentary which gious liberty by a vote of 22 to 16. has been produced. 1854. A violent storm at Charleston, 1798. The first number of the Aillgemeine South Carolina, which continued fortyZeitung (General Gazette) published at eight hours, overflowing the wharves and Augsburg, in Bavaria. Under the charge damaging the shipping. of baron Cotta, it is probably the most ce- 1855. ROBERT MULLER, a celebrated pialebrated newspaper in the world. It has nist and composer, died at Edinburgh, correspondents in all countries of Europe, Scotland. and in America. 1855. WILLIAM HOLLAND DANIEL CUDDY, 1798. Battle of Standtz, in Switzerland. an experienced and'efficient British officer, The hardy mountaineers defended their killed in the attack on the Redan, at Sehomes against the French with clubs, bastopol, aged 41. He had served in India spears and fragments of rock; but were until 1841, and afterwards with distinction forced to retire before the regular artillery in the Chinese war. and muskets of their enemy, their beauti- 1855. The allies having kept up an inful valley was destroyed by fire, and fernal fire upon the fortress of Sebastopol Sept. 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 355 during three days and nights, attacked the Deerfield, where several people were emworks in three columns, and captured the ployed in rebuilding their houses. But Malakoff, whereupon the Russians blew being discovered, their mischief was conup the remaining forts upon the south side fined to killing one and capturing two. of the city, sunk and destroyed their ves- These people were just returned to their sels, and under cover of the explosions farms which had been laid waste the year and of the night, retreated to the north before. They were soon compelled again side of the city over a bridge recently con- to abandon them. structed, leaving a large number of guns, 1681. JOHN FOSTER, the first Boston and a vast amount of military stores in the printer, died, aged 33. He graduated at hands of the victors, who lost 2,019 killed, Harvard, 1667, and it having been perand about 7,500 wounded and missing. mitted to "have a printing presse elsewhere than at Cambridge," it was put under his charge. 1689. The famous treaty of partition was signed at the river Kerbechi, between China and Russia. 905. OLGA, princess of Russia, received 1703. CHARLES DE ST. DENIS EVREMOND, with great pomp and ceremony at Con- a French nobleman, died in England, aged stantinople by the emperor Constantine 95. He signalized himself by his valor in Porphyrogenitus. The baptism and nomi- the army, and was equally eminent for his nation of the empress Helena, established literary talents. the era of Russian Christianity. 1734. An eagle whose expanded wings 1087. WILLIAM I (the Conqueror), king of from tip to tip measured nine feet eight England, died in consequence of a fall inches, was taken at Charlton, in Kent, from his horse, near Rouen, in France. He England. invaded England from Normandy, 1066, 1770. BERNARD SIEGFRIED ALBINUS, an and having defeated Harold, who was eminent Dutch anatomist, died, aged 88. slain at the battle of Hastings, was crowned He surpassed all his predecessors in the king. science of anatomy, and published 3 folio 1513. Battle of Flodden, in Scotland, volumes of plates to illustrate the human among the Cheviot hills. The Scots were body. defeated with the loss of 5,000 killed. Ad- 1771. ROBERT WOOD, an English traveler miral Howard reported 10,000 Scots that and writer, died. fell in the field and pursuit. The English 1776. United States first so called.:are supposed to have lost about an equal 1781. British colonel STEWART destroyed number, but among their slain were no a great quantity of his stores and abanpersons of note. The heroic king James doned Eutaw springs. He left 1000 stand was struck'down by an arrow a spear's of arms and 70 wounded men. length from the feet of Surrey, the English 1782. Grand attack on Gibraltar by the general. Spaniards, from a floating battery of 64 1576. TITIAN (Tiziano Vezellio), the Italian heavy cannon, and their whole lines, topainter, died of the plague, aged 96. gether with 60 mortars and their shipping, 1583. HUMPHREY GILBERT, on his return which was continued d.uring the whole from a voyage of discovery to America, day. was foundered at sea in a violent storm 1790. Action off Codgia bay, between when every person perished. the Turkish and Russian fleets, which was 1607. POMPONE DE BELLLEVRE, an emi- begun the day previous, and ended in the nent French statesman, died. He enjoyed defeat of the Turks, who lost two ships the favor of princes and the reward of of- taken, and one in which was the admiral, fice, and in turn was disgraced. blown up, and the admiral alone escaped 1609. HENRY HUDSON arrived in New death. York harbor, which perceiving to be a 1792. CHARLES XAVIERJOSEPH FRANQUEgood one for all winds, the ship rode all VILLE D'ABANCOURT, minister of Louis night. XVI, perished at the massacre of the 1654. PETER STUYVESANT, with 700 men, Orangery. approached the Swedish settlements on 1797. Three men were suffocated in one the Delaware. They were all reduced of the famed Meux's brewvats at London, without bloodshed. (See Sept. 16.) not having first used the precaution to let 1677. About twenty Indians who had down a lighted candle. descended Connecticut river, fell upon 1801., GILBERT WAKEFIELD died; an Hatfield as the people were raising a house, eminent English polemical and classical killed and captured about twenty, among writer. the latter some women and children. On 1806. JOHN BRAND, an English antiquary, their return the same day they halted at died. He was originally a shoemaker; but 356 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 9. found means to acquire a liberal education tests with the forces of Lopez, was celeand left several valuable works. brated with great pomp at the cathedral in 1814. Captain McGLASSIN with 50 Ame- Havana; $70,000 were subscribed by the ricans, forded the Saranac and reconnoi- citizens for the benefit of their widows tered the British-works, drove in a party and children. of 150 men, attacked and carried their 1852. J. D. BELIN, consul for Belgium battery, killed their commanding officer and Switzerland, died at New Orleans. and 16 men, and having destroyed their 1853. The remnant of the famous table works, returned with the loss of 1 wound- rock at Niagara falls broke off and tumbled ed and 3 missing. into the abyss with a tremendous crash. 1814. British navy with a detachment 1854. ANGELO MAI, an Italian cardinal, of troops, 150 sailors and 250 Indians, died at Albano, aged 72. He was chief captured the United States schooners Ti- librarian of the Vatican, and a learned corgress and Scorpion, near St. Joseph, respondent of the academies at Paris and Michigan. Munich; but is better known by his dis1816. KILIAN VAN RENSSELAER, a general coveries from palimpsest manuscripts, in the revolutionary army, died at Albany. which were published in two collections of He embarked early in defence of his coun- 10 volumes each. try; in 1777 was attacked by a large body of Indians at fort Anne, where he was wounded in the thigh by a ball, which was SEPTEMBER 10. extracted after his death, having been carried 39 years. 954. Louis IV, king of France, killed by 1824. An expedition, fitted out at Ran- a fall from his horse, at the age of 38. goon in Burmah, consisting of English and 1167. MATILDA, of England, empress of native troops to the number of 1,000, took Germany, died. She was the daughter of the town of Tavoy, a place of considerable Henry I of England, married Henry IV of strength, with 10,000 fighting men, and Germany, and was afterwards acknowmany mounted guns. The viceroy of the ledged queen of England; but her conprovince and many persons of distinction duct not suiting the nobles, she was dewere among the prisoners. A new state posed and Stephen placed on the throne. carriage for the king of Ava, a magnificent 1543. The small remains of the army vehicle surpassing anything of the kind in which had sailed from Cuba in 1539 (see Europe in splendor and costly material, May 18) under de Soto, for the conquest was taken, and conveyed to England. of Florida, arrived at Panuco on their re1830. WILLIAM BULMER, an English prin- turn. This great expedition ended in the ter, whose name is associated with all that poverty and ruin of all concerned in it. is beautiful in printing, died. Not a Spaniard remained in Florida. 1839. Second fire at Mobile (the first be- 1547. Conspiracy of Placentia, when ing on the 7th), by which the best part of Peter Louis Farnese, son of pope Paul III, the city was laid in ruins. was assassinated. The place was taken 1839. The United States Bank of Penn- by the conspirators and delivered to the sylvania refused to pay its liabilities, and troops of the emperor Charles V before all the banks in Philadelphia immediately daylight next morning. suspended specie payments. The whole 1547. Battle of Pinkey, in Scotland; the number of banks in the Union was 959; English under the protector Somerset, deof which 343 suspended entirely, 62 in feated the Scots under the earl of Arran, part, 493 did not suspend, and 56 never and obtained one of the most finished victoresumed. ries on record. The Scots lost 10,000 men. 1846. Magnetic telegraph between Al- 1604. WILLIAM MORGAN, bishop of bany and New York completed; by means Asaph, formerly of Landaff, died. He of which New York and Buffalo were directed and superintended the translabrought together also. tion of the scriptures into Welsh. 1848. Great conflagration at Brooklyn, 1621. King JAMES gave sir William New York; about 200 houses burnt, and Alexander a patent of the whole territory property destroyed amounting to $750,000. of Acadia, by the name of Nova Scotia. 1851. THOMAs H. GALLAUDET, an Ame- It was erected into a palatinate, to be rican philanthropist, died at Hartford, Ct., holden as a fief of the crown of Scotland. aged 64. He opened the first establishment An unsuccessful attempt was soon after in this country for the education of deaf made to effect a settlement, and he sold it mutes at Hartford, in 1817, and devoted a to the French in 1630. Twenty years large part of his active and most useful afterwards three thousand families settled life to this work of benevolence. there from New England. 1851. The funeral obsequies of the 1649. PETER GOUDELIN, a poet of GasSpaniards and Cubans who fell in the con- cony, died. He was so celebrated that he Sept. 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 357 acquired the'title of the Homer of Gas- 1809. AUGUSTUS LOUIS VON SCHLOETZER, cony. a German historian, died. He wrote a 1691. EDWARD POCOCKE died; a most History of Lithuania, &c. learned English critic and commentator, 1813. Battle of lake Erie, and defeat and famous particularly for his great skill and capture of the entire British fleet unin the oriental languages. der Com. Barclay, by the United States 1714. An agreement between the Van fleet under Com. Perry. The British force Hoorn or Berbice company, and the Dutch consisted of 6 vessels, 63 guns; Americans East India company, to furnish the former had 11 vessels, 54 guns. The action comannually after this day, 240 negroes from menced at 15 minutes before 12, and endAngola, or Ardrah (one-third to be fe- ed about 3 P. M. The loss of the British males), at 165 florins a head. was estimated at 200; Americans lost 27 1730. GUICHARD JOSEPH DU VERNEY killed, 96 wounded-123. died; professor of anatomy at Paris, of 1827. UGO FoSCOLO, a distingushed Itagreat celebrity. lian writer, died. His works are numer1738. THOMAS SHERIDAN, an Irish divine ous, but giving offence to the authorities, and poet, died. He published a prose he was driven from country to country, translation of Perseus. and died from disease and penury. 1752. JOHN BAPTIST BERTRAND died; a 1845. JOSEPH STORY, one of the most French physician, known for his interest- distinguished American jurists, died at ing account of the plague of Marseilles. Cambridge, Mass., aged 66. 1759. Second action off Pondicherry, 1851. The steamer Pampero, which had between the British fleet, admiral Pococke, been used in the Lopez expedition against and the French under admiral d'Auche. Cuba, was seized by the United States British loss 164 killed, 385 wounded. A revenue officers, at Dunn's lake, Florida, deserter reported the French loss to have and subsequently condemned. been 1500 killed and wounded. 1852. URQUIZA, director of the Argen1771. Birthday of MUNGO PARK, a cele- tine confederation, was deposed. brated Scottish adventurer. He twice at- 1852. The Burmese evacuated and tempted the discovery of the course and burned Prome. outlet of the Niger, so long a source of conjecture with geographers, in the second of which he lost his life in the 35th year SEPTEMBER 11. of his age. 1779. Indian village of Canandaigua 1069. The Danes under Harold and burnt. Canute landed in England, at the mouth 1781. Count D'EsTAING returned with of the Humber, and laid waste the country. his fleet to the Chesapeake, and captured 1297. Battle near Cambuskenneth, on two British frigates of 32 guns each. the Forth, between the Scots under Wal1782. The firing on Gibraltar from the lace, and the English, in which the latter -isthmus continued by the Spaniards, at the were defeated with the loss of 5,000 slain. rate of 6,500 cannon shot, and 1,080 shells The victors, to show their utter detestain every 24 hours. tion of that tool of Edward, Cressingham, * 1785. Treaty of amity and commerce flayed his body, and converted his skin between the United States and Prussia. into thongs for their horses. 1791. A great insurrection among the 1539. Date of the will of Henry Pepnegroes in St. Domingo, attributed to the well, a distinguished book publisher, who new opinions of liberty and equality, cal- died this year. led in Paris L'dAmi des Noirs. 1609. HUDSON while at anchor in the 1797. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT GODWIN harbor of New York, was visited by the died; a lady of very superior literary ac- natives, who made a great show of friend-' complishments, who distinguished herself ship, giving tobacco and Indian corn. by many able productions, and. the pecu- 1649. Drogheda, in Ireland, taken by liarity of her views. assault by the English, under Cromwell. 1802. A lunar rainbow observed at A universal massacre was permitted during Matlock, in Derbyshire, England. five days. " I believe we put to the 1806. JOHN CHRISTOPHER ADELUNG, a sword," is the general's despatch, "the German professor at Erfurt, died; author whole number of the defendants. This is of a grammatical and critical dictionary of a marvellous great mercy." The garrison the German language, in 5 vols. quarto. alone consisted of 2,500 foot and 300 horse. He was never married, and it was said of There was scarce thirty lives saved in the him that his writing desk was his wife, and whole town, and these were by Cromwell the 70 volumes which he wrote were his reserved to be sent to Barbadoes. children. His wine cellar, which was uni- 1677. JAMES HARRINGTON, an eminent que, he called his bibliotheca selectissima. English political writer, died; author of 358 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 11. the political romance of Oceana, in imita- 1833. Deaths by cholera in the city of tion of Plato's Atlantic Story. Mexico, from the 5th August to this date, 1697. The famous peace of Ryswick 10,000. proclaimed. 1840. LONG-KIEWA, a Chinese linguist, 1709. Battle of Malplaquet, in Belgium; died at Calcutta, aged 59. He was inthe allies under the duke of Marlborough spector of the tea plantations established and prince Eugene, defeated the French by an English company at Assam, but was army of 120,000 men, under Villars and obliged to exile himself on account of a de Boufflers. This was a dear victory to family misdemeanor. He is represented the allies, who lost 20,000 of their best to have been a man of immense knowledge. troops. Besides his erudition in the sciences, he 1745. MARY CHANDLER died; an English was proficient in all the principal langualady, distinguished for her poetic talent. ges spoken in Europe and Asia, as well as 1776. Great tempest on the coast of New- Hebrew, Greek and Latin. He made for foundland; a large amount of shipping, the most part the Chinese translation of and a great number of lives lost. the scriptures published by Marshman, and 1777. Battle of Brandywine; the Ameri- left in MS. a Chinese-Latin-English diccans under Washington and Green entirely tionary. He bequeathed to the Asiatic sodefeated by the British, under Cornwallis. ciety of Calcutta his library, containing The Americans lost about 1,300 killed, 30,000 volumes, more than 20,000 of wounded and prisoners. This was the which are in the Chinese language. first battle Lafayette was in; he was wound- 1840. The town of Beyrout, in Syria, ed in the leg. fired upon, reduced to a mass of ruins, and 1781. JOHN AUGUSTUS ERNESTI died; pro- taken, by the British and Austrian fleets. fessor of theology at Leipsic, and author of 1842. A Mexican army 1,300 strong, numerous literary and theological works. took possession of Texas, but soon retreat1798. The Sublime Porte, incensed at ed. the invasion of Egypt, declared war against 1851. A riot at Christiana, Pa., upon the France; and joined with his old adversary, attempt to remove a fugitive slave. Mr. the emperor of Russia. Gorsuch, the owner of the slave was killed 1799. Tortona surrendered to Suwarroff. and his son mortally wounded; the United Thus was Italy nearly reconquered. States marshal and his posse were driven 1813. Running action between the Unit- from the ground by armed negroes, and ed States commodore, Chauncey, on lake the slave escaped. Ontario, and the British commodore, Yeo; the latter succeeded in getting into Amherst bay. SEPTEMBER 12. 1814. The British, 8,000 strong, commenced disembarking their troops at North 284. MARCUS AURELIUS NUMERIANUS, the Point, about 12 miles from Baltimore, for Roman emperor, died, or was assassinated. the purpose of attacking that city. He was admired for his learning and mod1814. Battle of lake Champlain and eration, was naturally eloquent, and was Plattsburgh. The British fleet 95 guns, esteemed one of the best poets of the under commodore Downie, defeated and age. captured by the United States fleet, Com. 1362. INNOCENT VI (Stephen Albert), pope, Chauncey, 86 guns. British loss 57 killed, died. He was of a peaceful disposition, 72 wounded; American loss 52 killed, 58 and labored earnestly to reconcile the wounded. At the same time the British kings of England and France. troops under general Provost, about 14,- 1382. Louis I, king of Hungary and Po000 veterans, the flower of the duke of land, died. One of his acts was to expel Wellington's army, attacked the American the Jews. lines at Saranac, Plattsburgh, and were de- 1504. COLUMBUS sailed from San Dominfeated by general Macomb. American loss; go-that great man's last voyage. His killed 38; wounded 64; missing 20. crazy and shattered bark, like his body, 1820. HOME RIGGs POPHAM died; a dis- landed at St. Lucar in November. tinguished British naval officer. 1528. ANDREW DORIA, a noble Genoese, 1823. DAvID RICARDO, a celebrated Eng- and the ablest seaman of his age, retook lish writer on finance and statistics, died. Genoa from the French, and restored its He was of Jewish descent, and abandoned independence. by his father at an early age for marrying 1553. ALBERT, of Brandenburgh, dea quakeress. His talents however, pro- feated by Henry of Brunswick. He was cured him wealth and distinction. placed under the ban of the empire, and 1826. WILLIAM MORGAN, a freemason in fled to France, where he died. western New York, abducted by his fellows 1609. HUDSON weighed anchor in the of the craft for revealing their secrets. harbor of New York, and commenced his Sept. 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 359 memorable voyage- up the river which application, which gave him a high rank bears his name. among the professional men of that day. 1651. The Scots prisoners taken at the 1812. Fort Wayne relieved by the troops battle of Worcester, &c., brought before under general Harrison. The Indians Cromwell and the parliament at Acton, and raised the siege with great precipitation. sold to the West Indies for slaves or given 1813. EDMUND RANDOLPH died; whose away as dogs. history is blended with that of his coun1660. JAMES CATS, a Dutch statesman try. and poet died, aged 83. His poems are 1814. Battle of fort McHenry, near Balmuch admired by his countrymen. timore. The British, 8,000 men, under gen1665. JOHN BOLLANDUS, a Flemish Jesu- eral Ross, were arrested in theirmarch upon it, died. His judgment, learning and Baltimore, and general Ross was killed. sagacity led to his appointment to collect The fort was bombarded incessantly 25 materials for the lives of the saints of the hours. Total Am6ican loss in killed and Romish church. He lived to complete 5 wounded 173; British official loss 290. vols. folio, and the work was continued 1819. GEBBARAL LEBRECHT, prince von to 47 vols. by his successors. Blucher, a celebrated Prussian field-mar1672. TANNEGUI LE FEVRE, a learned shal, died. He had been 45 years in the French author, died. He was the father of army, and for his celerity in the field, was Madam Dacier. called Marshal Forwards. 1683. The allies under John Sobieski 1820. FRANCIS CHRISTOPHEER KELLERMAN, and the duke of Lorraine, routed the vast a French marshal, died. He entered the Turkish army under the walls of Vienna, army at the age of 17 as a huzzar, and rose and compelled them to raise the siege. to the highest honors under Napoleon. Sobieski sent a post to his queen, saying 1829. Surrender of the Spanish army at that the grand vizier had made him his Tampico, under general Barradas, to the sole heir, including 70,000 dead men. Mexicans under Santa Anna. The Spani1683. ALPHONSO VI, king. of Portugal, ards were to transport themselves to Hadied. His conduct displayed the tyrant and vana, and pledged not to serve against the madman, and he resigned his crown. Mexico in future. This terminated the ex1703. The emperor and king of the Ro- pedition to subdue Mexico after five enmans, resigned their right to Spain to the gagements. archduke Charles, who was thereupon de- 1832. PRISCIrLA WAKEFIELD, an Engclared king of Spain. lish authoress, died, aged 82. She wrote 1714. Barcelona surrendered to the duke many popular and useful works for childof Berwick. ren and youth, and promoted the institu1729. Birthday of MOSES MENDELSOHN, tion of savings banks. a learned Jew of Berlin. He was of ob- 1838. HENRY RYALLS died at Darien, scure origin, and became a merchant; but Ga., aged 110. He was a soldier of the quitted commerce for literature, and ac- revolution, and retained his faculties to the quired great reputation. last. 1764. JOHN PHILIP RAMEAU, a French 1847. First day's battle of Chapultepec. musician, died. His writings on music 1849. MARIANO PAREDES, expresident procured him the title of the Newton of of Mexico, died in that city, after a long the science. and painful illness. 1776. WASHINGTON, with the remains of 1850. The fugitive slave bill passed by his army, entered Philadelphia, after his the house of representatives at Washingdisastrous defeat at Brandywine. The same ton, as it had come down from the senate. night a party of the British made an ex- 1854. DAVID LANSBOROUGH, a Scottish cursion to Wilmington, took the governor divine, died at Ayrshire, aged 73. He of Delaware out of his bed, and captured was distinguished as a naturalist, and cona shallop richly laden with public and tributed much to the knowledge of fossils, private property, and the public records. botany and shells. 1784. The Spanish fleet under Don Bar- 1857. Steamship Central America, from celo, bombarded Algiers. The Spaniards Panama to New York, having 626 persons fired 600 bombs, 144 balls and 260 gren- on board, and nearly two millions in treaades. The Algerines fired 202 bombs, and sure, was totaly lost in a gale, and about 100 1,164 balls. Great damage was done to the persons were saved. city. 1804. The American squadron captured near Tripoli, two vessels laden with wheat SEPTEMBER 13. for that city. 1806. EDWARD THURLOW, an eminent 507 B. c. The dedication of the Roman English nobleman, died. He possessed a capital fell upon this day, about the full vigorous and active mind, added to close moon of the Greek month Matagitnion. 360,EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 13. Horatins Pulvillus, as supreme praetor, 1694. JOHN BARBIER D'ANCOUR, a French drove the first annual nail in the wall of advocate and critic, died. the temple, near the fane of Minerva. 1748. The scaffolding used in Westmin44. CESAR executed his last testament ster Hall for the trial of the prisoners adat his seat near Lavicanum. He left the hering to the pretender, Charles Edward people his gardens near the Tiber, and 300 Stewart, was pulled down and sold to the sesterces to each man. builder for ~400. 81. TITUS FLAVIUS VESPASIANUS, empe- 1759. Quebec stormed and taken by the ror of Rome, died. He was an obscure British under Wolfe, who was wounded native of Riti, who by his merits and vir- and died in the arms of victory. The tues rose to consequence in the Roman French lost 500 killed, and 1,000 taken; armies, and headed the expedition against British loss 50 killed, 500 wounded. Jerusalem. 1771. JOHN GAMBOLD, a noted Moravian 335. CONSTANTINE dedicated his great preacher in London, died; a great enthuchurch of the Resurrection at Jerusalem, siast, but respected for his learning and Saturday; and on Sunday exalted the abilities, and inoffensive manners. relic of the cross. 1781. Combined attack on Gibraltar by 1435. JOHN PLANTAGENET, duke of Bed- 10 Spanish floating batteries, and about ford, regent of France, died. He was the 300 cannon, mortars and howitzers from brother of Henry V of England, and the the isthmus. Two of their largest ships most accomplished prince of Europe. He were burnt and 2 feluccas taken. The purchased and transported to London the British saved from one of the ships about Royal library of Paris. 350 men; 8 other ships blew up or were 1515. Battle of Marignano, in Italy, burnt. which lasted with great fierceness two 1787. MosEs BROWN, an English poet days. The French commander, who had and divine, died. been in eighteen pitched battles, exclaim- 1794. JOHN PETER CLARIS DE FLORIAN, ed that all other fights compared with this an eminent JFrench author, died. His were but children's sports, that this was dramas, pastorals, novels and fables, gave the war of giants. The French were vic- him great popularity as a sentimental torious. writer. 1529. Vienna besieged by the Turks. 1795. Captain VANCOUVER returned from 1557. JOHN CHEKE, a learned English- his voyage of discovery after an absence man, died. He was professor of Greek in of four years. the university, and held important state 1797. JOHN FELL, an English dissenting offices. On the accession of Mary, he pre- minister, died. He is known as the author ferred popery to the fagot, and abjured of several respectable works. his faith. 1806. CHARLES JAMES Fox, an eminent 1565. WILLIAM FAREL, a successful English statesman, died. French reformer, died. He labored with 1808. XAVIER BETTINELLI, an elegant great zeal against the Catholic church, and Italian writer, died. His works are pubmade many proselytes. lished in 24 vols., two of which are tra1592. MICHAEL DE MONTAIGNE died; a gedies, and two poems. celebrated French writer, whose works are 1814. British approached within 700 still quoted. yards of fort Bowyer, Mobile, and opened 1598. PHILIP II, of Spain, died. He was their fire on it. made king of Sicily and Naples, 1554; 1819. Completion of the Mahmudie or became king of England by marriage with Alexandria canal, in Egypt. This vast Mary, and two years after ascended the undertaking was commenced in January Spanish throne by the abdication of his of the same year by Mehemet Ali, pasha father, Charles V. (See Sept. 4.) of Egypt, under the superintendence of 1629. Nine sachems came to Plymouth six European engineers, with about 100,000 and voluntarily subscribed an instrument laborers, and their number, though more of submission to the English, acknowledg- tian 7,000 died of contagious diseases, ing themselves the loyal subjects of James, was gradually increased to more than king of Great Britain, France and Ireland, 290,000, each of whom received about 17 defender of the faith, &c. cents per diem. It extends from below 1629. JOHN BUXToRF, a German linguist, Soane, on the Nile, to Pompey's pillar, is died. He was professor of Hebrew, at 471 miles long, 90 feet wide, and 18 feet Basil, and is placed in the first rank of deep. men who have been eminent for rabbinical 1831. Albany and Schenectady rail road learning. opened; the first in the state of New 1645. Battle of Philiphaugh near Sel- York. kirk, where the earl of Montrose was de- 1839. JAMES MAITLAND, earl of Lauderfeated. dale, died, aged 80. He was the author Sept. 13.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 361 of various publications on finance and po- Norfolk raised the siege of Montreuil in litical economy. France. 1842. An Affghan army under Akbar 1646. THOMAS HOWARD, earl of Arundel, Khan, numbering 13,000, defeated by the died; famous for the discovery of the British under Gen. Pollock, at Tetzeen. Parian marbles which bear his name, and Three days after the city of Cabul occu- which he gave to the university of Oxford. pied by British forces. 1661. The bodies of May the historian, 1843. The town of Port Leon in Florida, the mother and daughter of Cromwell, was almost entirely destroyed by an inun- Pym and several others, were removed dation and hurricane. The inhabitants from king Henry VII's chapel and buried selected a new site upon which to rebuild, in the churchyard. a few miles higher up the St. Marks, which 1666. A French expedition, consisting was called Newport. of 28 companies of foot and all the militia 1847. LEVI TWIGGS killed at Chapulte- of the colony, marched from Quebec for pec, Mexico; a distinguished officer of the purpose of destroying the Mohawks. the United States army. This formidable army, entered the Mo1848. ALEXANDER SLIDELL MACKENZIE, hawk country, after a march of 700 miles, an American naval commander, died at and laid waste their villages; the Indians, Tarrytown, N. Y., aged 45. In 1842 he retiring into the woods with their women made a cruise in the Somers, in which and children, escaped. The expedition he felt constrained to hang several muti- was commanded by M. de Tracy, then neers to the yard arm. He published upwards of 70 years of age. several works, and was a man of integrity 1677. RICHARD ATKINS, a typographical and devotional feelings. author, who suffered much on account of 1850. The Advance and Rescue, Ameri- his loyalty, died in Marshalsea prison, can vessels in search of sir John Franklin, being confined for debt. His writings were completely fastened in the ice. were all of the ultra kind. 1855. The expedition in search of Dr. 1704. WILLIAM HUBBARD, a New EngKane, who was in search of sir John land clergyman and historian, died, aged Franklin, arrived at Lievely, isle of Disco, 83. He was settled at Ipswich, Mass., and Greenland, where they found Dr. Kane was one of the best writers of the time in and his companions, who had left their which he lived. ship in the ice, and traveled 83 days to a 1711. The British fleet intended for the Danish settlement. reduction of Canada having met with numerous reverses, arrived at Spanish-river bay, a council of land and sea officers, considering that they had but ten weeks' SEPTEMBER 14. provisions, and could not depend upon a supply from New England, concluded to 258. THASCIUS CAcILIUS CYPRIANUS, be- return home and abandon the enterprise. headed. He was bishop of Carthage, and 1712. JOHN DOMINIC CASSINI, a celebrated a principal father of the Christian church. Italian astronomer, died. He was invited 407. JOHN CRYSOSTOM, one of the most by the senate to teach mathematics at Boillustrious fathers of the church, died. logna, at the age of 15; and before his His works were edited by Montfaucon in death had enriched science with a thou13 vols. folio. sand new discoveries. 533. The Roman general Belisarius 1714. THOMAS BRITTON, a celebrated achieved the conquest of Africa, a chaotic musical small coal man, died. He rentwaste of enslaved humanity, where the ed a house in London, commenced busiimage of intelligence is unknown. ness, and occupied his leisure hours in 1321. ALGHIERI DANTE, a celebrated Ita- learning chemistry and music. He became lian poet, died. His most considerable an adept in those sciences, and excelled work is the Inferno. in many curious arts and crafts, all which 1403. Battle of Homildon hill, in which he had acquired without neglecting his the Scots were defeated. business. During the day he was seen 1499. VAsco DE GAMA landed at Lisbon with his sack and measure crying small from his itnmortal adventure. coal, and in the evening conducting a con1523. ADRIAN VI, pope, died. He was cert at his house, where men of fashion of obscure birth, but his abilities raised and well dressed ladies of high rank ashim gradually to consequence. cended to his room by a ladder, to regale 1528. RICHARD Fox, bishop of Exeter their ears. He was a member of a weekly and Durham, died. He was of obscure society of black-lettered literati, where origin; besides his episcopal offices he was leaving his sack at the door, he entered employed on several embassies. the room among noblemen in his checked 1544. The English under the duke of shirt, and produced his books collected 46 362 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 14. from stalls and shops in blind alleys. His 1814. The French advance guard under death was occasioned by a ventriloquial Murat and Beauharnois entered Moscow. friend, who during a musical conversation No defence was made except by the popupronounced these words distinctly as corn- lace in the Kremlin, who fired the palace, ing from a distance: "Thomas Britton, and the whole city was wrapt in flames. go home, for thou shalt die." Honest Of 4,000 superb stone houses, only 200 Tom, supposing the voice to have pro- remained; of 800 churches, all were deceeded from an angel, went home depress- stroyed or heavily damaged, and of 8,000 ed in spirits, took to his bed and died. wooden houses, about 500 escaped. He was twice induced to sit for his por- 1814. Gloutzk attacked and stormed by trait. In one he is represented in a blue the Russians; the Poles and French under frock, with a small coal measure in his Dombrofsky retreated with the loss of hand; and in the other tuning a harpsi- 1,000 men. chord. One of them is in the British 1816. WILLIAM BAWDWEEN, an English Museum. vicar, died. lie was an excellent Saxon 1716. The Thames both above and be- scholar, and translated the two first vollow London bridge nearly dry, supposed umes of that curious national work the to be caused by a strong west wind keep- Domes-day Book, which was published by a ing back the tide. vote of the British parliament. He proposed 1726. The Senecas, Cayugas and Onon- to publish the whole work, and is said to dagas surrendered to the English their have left the other 8 vols. prepared for the habitations and country, from Cayahoza to press. Oswego, and sixty miles inland. 1835. JonI BRINKLEY, bishop of Cloyne 1741. CHARLES ROLLIN, the celebrated in Ireland, died. He was distinguished French historian, died, aged 81. He was as a mathematician and astronomer. the son of a cutler, and became famous 1836. AARON BURR, third vice-president not only as a writer, but also for his elo- of the United States, died, aged 81. He quence. possessed very distinguished talents, but 1751. JAMES PHILIP D'ORVILLE, a Dutch manifested a lamentable want of principle. critic, died; professor of eloquence, his- 1839. Don CARLos abandoned Spain and tory and Greek at Amsterdam. retired with his family into France, by 1772. A bow and quiver were found in which the long protracted civil war in the new forest, England, supposed to have Spain was regarded as at length closed. lain since the time of William Rufus, who 1847. Battle of Gareta San Cosme in was killed by an arrow in this forest in Mexico, which preceded the entrance of 1100. the Americans into the city. 1777. BURGOYNE, having collected about 1848. The British forces under Gen. thirty days' provision, and thrown a Whish had ]esieged for several days the bridge of boats over the Hudson, crossed city of Moultan, in northern India. After and encamped on the heights and plains much. bloody fighting, the desertion of of Saratoga. Shere Singh, an important ally, they were 1778. During the celebration of mass at compelled to withdraw. Bourbon-les-bains, in Bassigni, France, the 1851. JAMES FENNIMORE COOPER, a disvault under the church gave way, which tinguished American novelist, died, aged occasioned the death of 600 persons. 62. He was born at Burlington, N. J., 1784. JAMES EssEx died; an English- graduated at Yale, and adopted the navy man famous for his skill in Gothic archi- as his profession. He stands at the head tecture. of nautical novelists, and is the author of 1788. JORDAN NOEL DE VAUX, a cele- historical works bVsides. brated French general, died. He was 1852. The world-renowned duke of made governor of Corsica in 1769, and WELLINGTON, died at Walmer Castle, in completed the conquest of that island; he Kent, England, aged 83; and the numerwas afterwards raised to the dignity of ous honors concentrated upon him were marshal of France. He had been present scattered in various directions. (See at 19 sieges and 14 battles. Nov. 18.) 1792. JOHN VANDER MERSCH died. He 1852. AUGUSTUS N. W. PUGIN, styled headed the insurgents of Brabant against the Christian architect, died at iamsgate, the imperial forces, in 1789, and distin- England, aged 41. The revival of Gothic guished himself by his valor and pru- architecture in England is associated with dence. the names of himself and his father. 1795. The English drove the Dutch fiom 1853. The engine of a freight train on their camp at the cape of Good Hope, and the Ohio and Pennsylvania rail road excaptured the Williamstad-of 26 guns. ploded while running, lifting the locomo1811. JAMES GRAHAME, a Scottish poet tive from the track and hurling it fifty and divine, died. feet. Sept. 14.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 363 1853. The first ground broken of the 1784. The first erial voyage made in European and North American rail road, England by Vincent Lunardi, an Italian. at St. John, by lady Head, assisted by the 1793. Battle at Parmesans; the French lieutenant-governor in the presence of defeated by the Prussians under the duke 25,000 people. of Brunswick, with the loss of 3,000 taken 1854. ALEXANDER W. STOWE, chief prisoners, and 27 cannon. Same day justice of the state of Wisconsin, died at Wurmser advanced upon the French lines Milwaukee. at Lauter and Weissenburg, and carried by assault the different redoubts, took all SEPTEMBER 15. their tents and 26 cannon, and would have destroyed the greater part of the army had 1590. GERARD BONTIUS, professor of med- not their retreat been favored by a fog. icine at Leyden, died. He was the first 1794. Battle of Boxtel; the French unwho immortalized himself by pills, having der Pichegru defeated the Prussians. The invented a kind, the secret of which was French under Jourdan also defeated the long unknown. Austrians under Clairfait. 1596. Cadiz taken and plundered by 1797. LAZARUS HOCHlE died; a brave Howard and Essex. Loss computed at and intrepid general in the French army 20,000,000 ducats. during the revolution. 1607. HUDSON returned to England from 1810. A plot discovered to massacre the his first voyage of discovery, having dis- British at Lisbon, though defending the covered the island of Spitzbergen, but Portuguese cause. failed in the great object, the discovery of 1814. One of the large vats in the brew a north-west passage to India. house of Meux & Co., London, burst, and 1609. HUDSON, in his first ascent of the demolished two houses; 3,500 barrels of great river, came in view of mountains beer were lost and four persons killed. which lay from the river's side, and an- 1814. British ship Hermes, destroyed in chored, it is supposed, near the present an attack on fort Bowyer, at Mobile point, site of Catskill landing. and the other three ships compelled to put 1613. THOMAS OVERBURY, a polite Eng- to sea. The fort was attacked at the same lish writer, poisoned in the Tower. He time by the British and Indians on the wrotein verse and prose. (See 17th.) land side. The American garrison consisted 1623. NICHOLAS BERGIER, historiograph- of 130 men, of whom 4 were killed and 4 er of France, died. He wrote a history of wounded. British loss, killed and woundthe great roads of the Roman empire. ed, 232. 1643. RICHARD BOYLE, the great earl of 1819.An edict of the king of the NetherCork, died. He went to Dublin with a lands required, that in certain provinces, small fortune, and by his great industry none other than the national language, the and ability enriched himself and benefited Flemish-Dutch, should be used in public his country. business. 1678. The expedition under La Salle 1829. Slavery abolished in Mexico by arrived at Quebec from France; count the president. Frontenac being governor of Canada. 1829. JAMES HAMILTON died at Dublin; 1712. SIDNEY, earl of Godolphin, died. inventor of the Hamiltonian method of inHe began his political life under Charles struction. II; voted for the exclusion of the duke of 1830. WILLIAM HUSKISSON, an English York, but became minister to the same statesman, killed by a train of cars on the person when James II; voted for a regency Liverpool rail road. when James fled became minister to Wil- 1833. JOHN GORDON SMITH, an eminent liam III, and under queen Anne became English scholar, died. He published a premier. celebrated work on medical jurisprudence; 1745. ARTHUR BEDFORD, a learned Eng- became involved in pecuniary difficulties, lish clergyman, died. He made great ex- and terminated his short and useful life ertions for the reformation of the drama. within the walls of.the Fleet prison. 1775. ANDREw FOULIS, a learned Scottish 1834. WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD, an Ameriprinter, died."From his press issued some can statesman, died. He was minister to of the finest specimens of correct and ele- France in 1813, and in 1825 a candidate gant printing that were produced in the for the presidency. eighteenth century. 1838. ADALBERT VON CHAMISSO, one of 1776. The British under general Howe the most popular modern poets of Gertook possession of New York. many, died at Berlin. 1777. WASHINGTON left Philadelphia and 1843. Revolution in Athens, which, crossed the Schuylkill with the remains of though not sufficient to eject king Otho his army, determined to give battle to sir from the throne of Greece, yet obliged him WinVm. Howe wherever he could meet him. to concede much to the popular will. 364 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 15. 1849. STRAUSS, the celebrated musical British ship and an Algerine corsair with composer, died at Vienna. 327 men and 88 Christian slaves on board. 1849. The sultan of Turkey formally re- The battle lasted from 2 till 8 P. M., within fused to deliver up Kossuth and his col- pistol shot, and was renewed again next leagues, Hungarian refugees, on the de- morning, when the corsair, having lost mand of Russia and Austria, and diplo- two masts, called for quarter. matic relations with the ambassadors of 1686. FYCHAN GAUNOR died at Aberthose powers were broken off. cowarch, in Wales, aged 140. (1786?) 1855. GEORoE T. NAPIER, a celebrated 1701. JAMES II, of England, died in British general, died, aged 72. He first France. He was dethroned in 1688, and distinguished himself at Martinique in remained a pensioner on the bounty of 1809, and afterwards in the Peninsula, the king of France till his death. where he lost an arm. He was seven years 1732. The tide in the river Thames, civil and military governor of the cape of England, flowed eight hours instead of Good Hope, where he introduced import- four and ebbed five instead of eight. ant measures and reforms. 1736. GABRIEL DANIEL FAHRENHEIT, a Prussian philosopher, died; eminent for his great improvement in the construction SEPTEMBER 16. of thermometers. 1745. Bergen-op-Zoom surrendered to 1757 A. M. The covering of the ark the French. removed by Noah on the 1st day of the 1775. ALLEN BATHIURST, an English 1st month, answering to our Sept. 16. statesman, died. IHis biographers claim (See Nov. 2.) for him almost every talent and every 322 B. c. DEMOSTHENES, the Grecian virtue. orator, died by poison, on the most mourn- 1776. Unsuccessful attack of the British ful day of the Thesmophoria, 16th of Pya- on the Americans at Harlem Heights. nepsion. British lost 20 killed and about 100 36. HERoD AGRIPPA thrown into bonds wounded. at Rome by Tiberius. 1779. Count D'ESTAING summoned Sa655. MARTIN I, pope, died. He caused vannah, Georgia, garrisoned by the British the doctrines of the monothelites to be under general Provost, who amused the condemned, and was afterwards sent to French until he received a reinforcement. the Crimea by Constantine, where he died 1782. CARLO BROSCHI (Farianelli), died; of ill treatment. an Italian singer of great celebrity. 1186. A conjunction of all the planets 1784. ROBERT BELL the first who kept a at sunrise in Libra, on which occasion the circulating library in Philadelphia, died at astrologers had predicted great calamities. Richmond, Va. 1380. CHARLES V (the Wise), of France, 1785. Darkness so great at Quebec that died. By his abilities and energy, the no person could read at noonday. (See English were dispossessed of nearly all Oct. 16, 1783.) their provinces in France. 1792. Three thousand French refugees 1519. JOHN COLET, an English divine, had landed in England from the revoludied; known as the founder of St. Paul's tion in France; and in the course of the school, London, for the gratuitous educa- following year they were reckoned at 8000 tion of 153 pupils perpetually. His father priests and 2000 laymen. These were mostly had 22 children, yet at the time of mak- destitute, and down to 1806, about two ing the above endowment, he had no million pounds had been contributed to near relative to inherit the property. their support. 1589. MICHAEL BAIUS, an able French 1795. Cape of Good Hope surrendered ecclesiastic, died. His writings are supe- to the British by the Dutch. rior to the learning of the times in which 1800. Battle of Lambach: the French he lived. took from the Austrians 1000 wagons of 1655. The Swedish settlement on the provisions, equipage and ammunition. Delaware, called fort Casimir, commanded 1804. WILLIAM TINDALL, an English diby Suen Scutz, surrendered to the Dutch vine and antiquary, died. under Gov. Stuyvesant. The strength of 1805. An experiment with a calamaran the place consisted of 4 fourteen pounders, made on a vessel of 300 tons burden oppo5 swivels and some small arms, which site Walma castle, England, which sucwere delivered to the conquered, who be- ceeded and blew up the vessel. came possessed of the west side of Dela- 1808. PETER ISAAC THELLUSON, a rich ware bay, and the fortress was called New London merchant, died, leaving 500,000 Amstel by the Dutch, and New Castle by pounds to accumulate till the male childthe English. ren of his grandsons are dead, which may 1681. Action off cape Spartel between a extend to 120 years from his death, when Sept. 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 365 it will amount to ~140,000,000, and if SEPTEMBER 17. there should be no lineal descendants, it goes to the benefit of the sinking fund. 1575. HENRY BULLINGER, one of the 1824. Louis XVIII, of France, died. early reformers, died. He was one of the During the reign of Napoleon he lived in authors of the Helvetic Confession, and asEngland. He is represented as a mild and sisted Calvin in drawing up the Formulary. amiable prince, who consulted the wishes His works form 10 vols. folio. and happiness of his people. 1614. THOMAS OVEBBURY poisoned in 1833. CALVIN EDSON, the living skeleton, the Tower with an envenomed clyster condied. His weight was about 40 pounds. trived by the earl of Somerset and his 1833. The boundary line between New countess. (See Sept. 15.) York and New Jersey settled. 1621. ROBERT BELLARMIN died; an Ita1834. WILLIAM BLACKWOOD died in lian cardinal, and one of the most celeEdinburgh; eminent as a bookseller, and brated controversial writers of his time. publisher of the well known periodical, 1651. CONSTANTINE CAIETAN (Thomas de Blackwood's Magazine. Vio), an Italian cardinal, died. He made 1838. The entire rail way from London a literal translation of the Bible from the to Birmingham opened; when the passage original. including stoppages of 34 minutes, was 1665. PHILIP IV, of Spain, died. He performed in 4 hours, 48 minutes. was unsuccessful in his wars with Holland 1839. The expedition under Dease and and France; and the Portuguese also reSimpson regained the Coppermine river belled, and compelled him to acknowledge after the longest voyage that had ever been their independence. performed by boats in the Polar sea-1631 1673. JAMES BARRELIER, a celebrated statute miles. On the return of the party French ecclesiastic and naturalist, died. from the Red river settlement to England, He traversed the south of France, Spain Simpson perished by violence; but was and Italy, and during a residence of 25 more fortunate than Parke or Hudson, in years at Rome, collected plants and other leaving behind him his own record of his objects of natural history, with a view to own achievements. their publication. Dying before the work 1848. JOHN P. CUSHMAN, an American was completed, he bequeathed his manujurist, died at Troy, N. Y., aged 64. He scripts to the library of a convent; but was born in Connecticut, graduated at soon after his death all his collections Yale, and commenced the practice of law were dispersed, and some were burnt, exin Troy. He held various offices of trust, cept the copperplates, which were collected and was eminent in his profession. and published by Jussieu. 1848. The populace of Frankfort at- 1683. Controversy between lord Baltitempted an insurrection, but were~quelled. more and William Penn. Lord Baltimore Prince Lichnowski and major von Auers- appointed Col. Talbot to demand of Penn wald were barbarously murdered by insur- all the lands lying on the west side of the gents outside of the walls. river Delaware and south of the 40th de1851. HENRY WHITING, an American gree, as a part of Maryland. general, died at St. Louis. He began his 1690. A fire in Boston destroyed the military career in 1808, and was among printing office of Bartholomew Green, the oldest officers of the army. He served. which was the best furnished in America. with reputation on the Niagara frontier, 1703. Gelders, a Prussian city, surrenand in the war with Mexico, shating in dered to the duke of Marlborough, after the glory of the field of Buena Vista. He having been long blockaded, bombarded was a contributor to the North d.m. Review. and reduced to a heap of ashes. 1852. Earthqu-ake in Manilla and places 1720. WILLIAM BURNET, son of the adjacent, which continued until 18th Octo- English bishop, took upon him the gober, doing great damage. vernment of New York. 1854. LUZERrNE RAE, an American poet, 1753. The first theatre in New York died at Hartford, Ct., aged 43. After opened in Nassau street by Lewis Hallam; graduating at Yale, he became a teacher the third stage on which the productions in the deaf and dumb institution at Hart- of the dramatic muse were exhibited to ford, where the found time to edit the the inhabitants of the new world. The Religious Herald, and the first six volumes days of performance were Mondays, Wedof.dnnals of the deaf and dumb, to write nesdays and Fridays, and so continued poetry, and collect materials for a history for near half a century. of New England. 1759. Quebec taken. 1855. BENEDETTO PISTRUCCI, medalist to 1762. FRANCISCO GEMINIANT, died; an the queen of England, died at Windsor, extraordinary performer on the violin, and aged 73. He was a member of various composer for that instrument. learned European institutions. 1767. FRANCES SHERIDAN died; an in 366 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 17. genious novelist and dramatic writer, and cliffe library, died at Oxford, England, mother of Richard Brinsley Sheridan. aged 76. He wrote upon medicine, min1771. The Prussians under Gen. Plat- eralogy and geology, and furnished one ten, destroyed the Russian magazines on of the best of the Bridgewater treatises. the frontiers of Poland. 1854. The steamer City of Philadelphia, 1775. Americans under Gen. Montgo- seven days out from Liverpool, with 540 mery laid siege to St. John's Canada. passengers, struck upon cape Race and 1782. Permacoli, in Hindostan, surren- became a total loss. The passengers were dered by the British to Hyder Ally and saved. the French. 1855. The corner stone of the public 1785. ANTHONY LEONARD THOMAS, a library laid in Boston with appropriate ceFrench poet and prose writer, died. remonies. 1787. The constitution of the United States adopted by the federal convention at Philadelphia, and referred to the con- SEPTEMBER 18. ventions of the separate states for concurrence. 96. TITUS FLAVIUS DOMITIANUS, emperor 1795. The French national assembly of Rome, died. He was the last of the directed that a copy of the Dictionary of Coesars. Juvenal has shown him a buffoon, the academy, with the notes and additions and history fixed his infamy. in the margin, deposited in the library 1014. A violent storm caused the inunof the committee of public instruction, dation of a large portion of Flanders. should be delivered to the booksellers, 1069. The city of New York burned by and that after a new one should be com- the Norman garrison. pleted that it be returned; 15,000 copies 1180. Louis VII, king of France, died. to be printed. He made a crusade, with an army of 80,000 1796. Battle of Altenkirchen, in which men, to Palestine, but was defeated by the the celebrated French general Merceau was Saracens. killed. 1609. HUDSON, ascending the river which 1802. RICHARD OWEN CAMBRIDGE died; bears his name, observing the water to bean elegant English poet, critic and mis- come shoal, cast anchor in the neighborcellaneous writer. hood of the present town of Castleton, 1811. A beautiful annular eclipse of the Where he went on shore at the invitation sun was observed at Richmond in Virginia of an old man, who appeared to be the and other places adjacent.' governor of the country; who was chief 1814. Sortifi and battle of Fort Erie. over 40 men and 17 women; and who ocThe British sine qua non, totally defeated, cupied a house made of the bark of trees, and compelled to break up the camp and exceedingly smooth, and well finished, retire. British loss, killed, wounded and within and without. Here he found large prisoners, 578; American loss, 82 killed, quantities of Indian corn and beans, enough 216 wounded, 215 missing-513. to load three ships, besides what were still 1837. HENRY BROWN, a soldier of the growing in the fields. revolution, died at Boston, Ohio, aged 104. 1621. The Plymouth colonists sent an He was at the battle of Bunker Hill, and expedition consisting of ten men in a other engagements. shallop, accompanied by Squanto and two 1839. MATTHEW CAREY, a celebrated other Indians, to the Massachusetts, to disprinter and bookseller of Philadelphia, cover the bay, see the country, make died. He was a native of Ireland, and a peace, and trade with the natives. man of great activity and benevolence. 1674. GABRIEL COSSART died; a French His writings are numerous and well writer, who assisted Labbe in his grand known. collection of councils, which extended to 1840. EMMA ROBERTS, an English au- 28 vols. folio. thoress of considerable note, died at Poo- 1675. Battle of Deerfield, Mass., with nah, in India. the Indians. A company of 96 men under 1842. HENRY FLOYD, a bricklayer of captain Lathrop were escorting 3,000 buRomsey, England, died, aged 47. He was shels of corn to a place of security, when remarkable for his great bulk, being the they were so suddenly set upon by about largest man in England. His weight was 800 Indians, that only 8 escaped. This about 500 lbs. Notwithstanding the un- was a choice company of young men culled wieldiness of his frame he was in constant from the towns of Essex county. Another attendance upon his business, was shrewd, company, coming, though too late to their intelligent and good natured, and much rescue, marched through and through that respected. His coffin contained nearly 200 great body of Indians, and after a fight of feet of inch board. five or six hours, came off with a loss of 1851. JOHN KIDD, librarian to the Rad- only two, and eight wounded. It is thought Sept. 18.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 367 that had Lathrop followed the same mode 1816. BERNARD M'MAHON, an eminent of fighting, he might have escaped with a botanist from Ireland, died at his botanic smaller loss; but his mode was to fight the garden, near Philadelphia. savages in their own way, by skulking be- 1819. JOHN LANGDON died; an active and hind trees, and picking off single persons, powerful advocate of the American revoluwhich enabled five or six of the enemy, tion. He was a member of the congress which were so greatly superior in num- of 1775, and of the convention which bers, to surround a single man, and de- framed the constitution; a senator in conliberately fire at him at once. The Indians gress, and governor of New Hampshire. afterwards acknowledged a loss of 96 that 1821. JOHN NICHOLAS CORVISART, a disday. tinguished French physician, died. He 1684. JOHN ANTONIDES ( Vander Goes), an was physician to Napoleon, and greatly excellent Dutch poet, died. promoted the progress of experimental 1721. MATTHEW PRIORdiedd; an eminent medicine and pathological anatomy in English poet and statesman. France. 1722. ANDREW DACIER, a very celebrated 1830. WILLIAM HAZLITT, an elegant French critic and philosopher, died. He English writer, died. He is also known as translated many of the classics. an artist. 1759. The city of Quebec surrendered 1834. KEATING SIMONS died, aged 82; to the English under brigadier general aid-de-camp in the revolutionary war to Townshend, and was garrisoned by 5,000 general Marion. men under general Murray. 1838. Great eclipse of the sun over the 1773. The Polish diet finally ratified the United States. treaty of the partition of their country be- 1840. C. S. RAFINESQUE, an eminent botween Russia, Austria and Prussia. tanist, died at Philadelphia, where he had 1773. JoHN CUNNINGHAM died; an in- been for several years professor of botany genious pastoral poet and dramatic writer. and natural history in Transylvania uni1777. Americans under colonel BROWN versity, and author of several works on attacked and defeated the British on the various scientific subjects. north end of lhke George and Ticonderoga, 1842. JOHN C. COLT under sentence of took 293 prisoners, released 100 Americans, death in New York for the murder of Mr. and retook the continental standard left Adams, killed himself on the day appointthere on its evacuation in July. ed for his execution. 1777. Congress at Philadelphia adjourned 1853. ANDREWS NORTON, an American to meet at Lancaster, on account of the theologian, died, aged 68. H1 wrote sevapproach of the British. eral theological works, was a profound and 1790. HENRY FREDERICK, brother to accurate scholar, and for talent, acquireGeorge III, and duke of Cumberland, ments and influence, one of the most redied. His marriage with Mrs. Horton markable men of New England. gave rise to the famed Marriage.dct of 1854. The British consul at the SandEngland. wich islands presented his protest to the 1792. The south-east corner stone of king, against the annexation of those the north wing of the Capitol at Wash- islands to the United States. ington, was laid by general Washington. 1854. WILLIAM PLUMER, a New Hamp1794. Bellegarde, a strong and important shire statesman, died, aged 65. He grafortress, commanding the road from France duated at Harvard, and while in congress into Spain, surrendered at discretion to opposed the Missouri compromise. He the French under Dugommier, although was a man of taste, had an attachment to abundantly supplied with every thing re- historical researches, and collected a fine quired to hold out a siege of many library. He published two small volumes months, of poems. 1798. NELSON being applied to for as- 1855. JOHN F. W. JOHNSTON, an eminent sistance by the Malthese, sent a Portuguese English chemist and mineralogist, died at squadron, consisting of 4 ships of the line Durham, aged 59. He published several and 2 frigates, which appeared before Va- valuable works on agricultural chemistry letta on this day. and geology, and was a contributor to the 1800. The treaty between Bonaparte and reviews. the pope, called the Concordat, ratified. This was dictated by the first consul and in every article infringed on the preten- SEPTEMBER 19. sions of the papal dignitary. 1811. Dutch surrendered the island of 880. ABBATEGNIA decided the oblignity Java to the British. of the ecliptic to be 23~ 25'. 1811. Battle of Ximena, in Spain, and 1356. IVattle of Poictiers, between the defeat of the French under Soult. English army of 12,000 men, under Ed 368 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 19. ward, the Black Prince, and the French, 1778. Action between American privateer 60,000 under king John. The battle ended Hancock and British frigate Levant, 32 in the utter rout of the French army and guns. The Levant blew up, and only 18 the capture of their king, who was after- of her crew were saved. wards led in triumph through the streets 1793. The new French calendar comof London. menced. It divided the vear into 12 1471. The first book known to have months of 30 days each with 5 intercallary been printed in the English tongue bears days, called Sansculotides. this date, and is entitled The Recuyell of the 1798. ELIHU H. SMITH, a physician and History of Troy, translated from the French, poet, died in New York. and printed by William Caxton, at Co- 1803. Dutch colonies of Demerara and logne. (See Oct. 4.) Essequibo surrendered to the British. 1524. The imperialists under Pescara 1804. GEORGE ZABIRA, a learned Greek, raised the siege of Marseilles and retired died. with precipitation towards Italy. 1810. JAMES CHEETHAM, a noted political 1587. JAMES PAMELIUS, a learned Flem- editor, died in New York, aged 37. He ish writer, died. was the biographer of Thomas Paine, and 1650. STUYVESANT, the Dutch governor published the.American Citizen. of New-Netherland, arrived at Hartford 1814. The boats of the British ship and demanded of the commissioners for Forth, under the direction of lieutenant the united colonies, a full surrender of the Neville, carried by boarding and destroyed lands on Connecticut river. After an the American letter of marque brig Regent, altercation of several days, articles of 5 guns and 35 men, at the mouth of Little agreement in relation to boundaries were Egg harbor. settled. 1851. Battle of Camargo, between the 1665. The number of deaths by plague forces of the Mexican government and in London for the week ending on this those of Carvajal, in which the latter were day was reported to be 10,000; the great- victorious. est weekly mortality reported during the 1851. FREDERICK WHITTLESEY, a New scourge. York jurist, died at Rochester, aged 54. 1678. BERNARD VAN GALEN, a West- 1852. Great inundation in the valleys phalian bishop and general died. His ec- of the Rhine and the Rhone. clesiastical office was of minor importance 1854. The allied forces which had landwith him, and he contrived to keep up a ed at Old Fort, to operate against Sebastoperpetual war with one state or another; pol, commenced their march to that fortress. so that when he died, his loss was little They consisted of 25,000 British, 25,000 regretted. French, and 8,000 Turkish troops. 1681. Desperate engagement between a 1855. A terrible gale swept lake Borgne Moorish vessel, the Half Moon, 32 guns, and the Gulf coast, causing loss of life from Angier, and the English galleys and great destruction of property at Pass James and Sapphire. Of the Turks and Christian, Mississippi city, Biloxi, and Moors'93 were killed; English loss 95 other points in the vicinity. killed and wounded. 1693. At St. Malo three hundred houses were unroofed by the blowing up of a fire SEPTEMBER 20. vessel sent in by captain Benbow. 1710. OLAUS R(MER, a Danish astrono- 377 B. c. On this day was fought the mer, died. famous naval battle of Naxus, in which 1736. Mrs. MAPP, the famous bone set- the Lacedemonians were totally defeated. ter, of Epsom, having set up a fine equi- 331 B. c. ALEXANDER crossed the Tigris page, came to Kensington and waited on and entered Assyria. The army encounthe queen. tered great difficulties in the passage, both 1737. Gottingen university opened. from the depth and force of the current, 1745. The celebrated JONATHAN SWIFT and the slippery nature of its bed. The died, aged 78. cavalry formed a double line, within which 1761. PETER VAN MUSSCHENBROEK, a the infantry marched with their shields distinguished Dutch philosopher, died. over their heads, and their arms inter1777. Battle of Stillwater, between the linked. In this manner they crossed withBritish under Burgoyne and the Americans out loss of lives. Their entrance into under general Gates. The action was con- Assyria was signalized by an almost total tinued with great valor on both sides eclipse of the moon, by which the date of during 4 hours. The Americans retired the event is determined. to their camp at night, with the loss of 92 B. c. Lucius LUCINIUS CRASSUS died; 319 killed, wounded and missing; British a Roman orator, greatly commended by loss over 500. Cicero. Sept. 20.] EVERY DAY BOO;K. 369 692. ABDULLAH IBN ZOBEYR, khalif of Austria, in the male line; he was sucMecca, having been besieged nine months ceeded by his daughter Maria Theresa. in his capital until he was deserted by his 1746. The Young Pretender, CHARLES friends and family, put himself at the head EDWARD, having been completely defeated of five faithful followers, and rushed upon at Culloden, embarked for France at Lochthe besiegers, by whom he was slain, at mannoch, in a privateer of St. Malo, and the age of 72. arrived safe. His followers were less for1142. MAUD, queen of England, besieged tunate. in Oxford by the forces of Stephen, but 1759. JULIAN LE RoY, a distinguished escaped on foot. French mechanic, died. His watches ac1384. Louis I, duke of Anjou, died at quired great celebrity.. Paris, of a broken heart, in consequence 1761. Auto-da-fe at Lisbon; there were of the ill success of his measures. 54 criminals, 3 of them in effigy. 1415. OWEN GLENDOWER, a celebrated 1770. Captain PrIPPS returned to LonWelch warrior, died; he opposed the don from his voyage to the polar seas, sovereignty of Henry IV of England more being stopped by ice, latitude 810 30' than fourteen years, by force of arms, de- -north. claring him to be an usurper and the mur- 1783. Captain TURNER, the traveler, was derer of Richard II. received at Jikadze, the capital of the lama 1527. JANUS GRUTERIUS, an eminent of Thibet. Dutch philologer, died. He was an able 1791. Louis XVI, for the first time after critic, a man ot extensive erudition, and his return from Varennes, repaired to the a very voluminous and respectable wri- hall of the national assembly, in order to ter. give his adhesion, viva voce, to the new 1581. HUBERT LANGUET, an eminent constitution. French statesman, died. He was a man of 1792. Battle of Valmy, between the great political knowledge, and deservedly French and allies. It is stated that although esteemed by the wisest and most eminent more than 40,000 cannon shot were fired men, of his age. in this engagement, not more than 400 1586. ANTHONY BABINGTON with others men were killed. cruelly executed in St. Giles's fields for a 1805. PIERRE FRANgoIS ANDRE MECHAIN conspiracy against queen Elizabeth. died at Castillon, in Spain. His theory of 1639. JOHN MEURSIUS, a learned Dutch eclipses and other astronomical phenomena scholar, died. His works were printed at has much merit. Florence in 12 vols. folio. 1814. The British under general DRUM1643. Battle of Newbury, between the MOND, in consequence of the losses susroyalists under prince Rupert, and the tained on the 17th, raised the siege of fort parliamentary. forces under the earl of Es- Erie.' sex. Night put an end to the action, and 1814. AUGUSTUS WILLIAM IFLAND, a Gerleft the victory undecided. Lucius Carey, man actor and dramatic writer, died at lord Falkland, and the earls of Sunder- Berlin, and was interred with great land and Carnaervon, were killed. pomp. 1653. The New England colonies de- 1815. WILLIAM HUTTON died; the hisclaredwar against Ninigret, sachem of the torian of Birmingham, and author of Niantick Indians, and voted that 250 foot various other works. soldiers should be immediately raised in 1831. JOHN HENRY HOBART, bishop of the four colonies: Massachusetts to send the protestant episcopal diocese of New 166, Plymouth 30, Connecticut 33, New- York, died; a man of vigorous intellect Haven 21. and great decision of character. 1662. JOHN GAUDEN, an English prelate, 1840. FRANCIA, dictator of Paraguay, died. He published the Icon Basilice of died at Paraguay, at a very advanced age. Charles'I, and had the good fortune to es- 1842, WILLIAM MAGINN died in England. cape the search of the parliament for the He was a contributor to the London publisher of that popular book. Literary Gazette, and in 1818-20 to Black1668. VINCENT WING died; a famous wood's Magazine under the signature of O'English astronomer and astrologer, who Doherty. published The Celestial Harmony of the 1849. JONATHAN H. HUBBARD, a distinVisible World, and other works. guished American statesman, of Vermont, 1736. JOHN BERNARDI died in Newgate died, aged 81. prison, England, aged 79. He had been 1852. PHILANDER CHASE, bishop of Illiconfined there 40 years on a false charge nois, died at Peoria, aged 76. He was a of plotting the assassination of Wil- native of New Hampshire; was bishop of liam III. Ohio 12 years, of Illinois 17 years; laid 1740. CHARLES VI died; sixteenth and the foundation of Kenyon college, and was last emperor of Germany of the house of president of Jubilee college. 47 370 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 20. 1854. The allies attacked the Russians 1735. PETER ARTEDI drowned; a Sweunder Menschikoff, who 40,000 in number, dish naturalist, so intimate with Linnaeus were strongly entrenched upon the heights that they made each other heirs of their of Alma, and after a contest of four hours manuscripts and other literary property. drove them from the ground with great 1745. Battle of Prestonpaus, in England, loss. The allies had about 500 killed and between the forces of the young pretender 2,500 wounded; the Russian loss said to and those of the king. The former gained have been more than 7,000. a complete victory with the loss of only 50; while 500 of the king's troops were killed on the field of battle, and lost their artillery, colors, tents, baggage and military SEPTEMBER 21. chest. 1748. JOHN BALGUY died; an eminent 60. Saint MATTHEW, the apostle, died English prelate, and controversial and at Heliopolis, in Parthia. metaphysical writer. He committed 200 1327. EDWARD II, 10th king of England, of his sermons to the flames in presence of barbarously murdered at Berkley castle. his son, afterwards prebendary of WinLess wise and firm than his father, he for- chester, whom he wished to excite to the feited the confidence of his people, and his same laudable application. wife Isabella joined the rebellion against 1757. ROBERT PARR died at Brignorth, him. England, aged 124. He was a great grand1520. SELIM I, sultan of Turkey, died. son of Thomas Parr who attained the age He came to the throne by causing the of 152. One of the sons of the latter atdeath of his father and two brothers. He tained the age of 109, and a grandson died conquered Egypt and crushed the power at the age of 113. Their mode of living of the Mamelukes, which for 260 years had was simple and temperate. governed that country. 1761. GABRIEL MALAGRIDA, an Italian 1534. ALCAZABA sailed from Cadiz on a Jesuit, burnt in Portugal as a false provoyage of discovery. He was murdered phet. His zeal and eloquence rendered in the straits of Magellan by his crew, and him popular, but he became obnoxious to the ship was wrecked at Brazil. the inquisition after the abolition of his 1558. CHARLES V, emperor of Germany, order. died. He ascended the throne of Spain 1776. Great fire in New York, then in 1518, and two years afterwards was elected possession of the British; 1,000 houses to the empire. After a reign of 38 years were burnt. he resigned and retired to a cloister. His 1777. British under general Grey, surdeath was caused by taking cold on get- prised the Americans under general Wayne ting out of his coffin after having gone in the night, killed about 300, and took a through with a mock funeral, to gratify an few prisoners and some baggage. The idle whim. prudent dispositions of Wayne prevented 1576. JEROME CARDAN died; an Italian their further success. physician, and one of the most extraordi- 1780. Americans under colonel Davie nary men of the age. His works were surprised a party of British at Wahab's printed at Lyons in 10 vols. folio. house, killed and wounded 60, and took 1609. HUDSON arrived in the vicinity of 96 horses and equipments, and 120 stand Albany, and having satisfied himself by of arms, with the loss of only 1. despatching a boat seven or eight miles 1780. Major ANDRE, an adjutant-general farther up, that he had gained the head of in the British army, landed in the night ship navigation, he prepared to retrace his from the British sloop of war Vulture, and course.' proceeded to West Point to confer with 1659. First Esopus war began. Arnold. 1704. BEAT DE ZURLAUBEN (the younger), 1792. Royalty abolished, and France a Swiss general in the French army, died declared a republic, by acclamation, in the at Ulm, in consequence of seven wounds national assembly. which he had received at the battle of 1795. The Peep of day boys, in Ireland, Hochstadt. changed their name to Orange men, and 1723. The Irish house of commons ad- opened their first lodge. dressed king George I on the evils of 1802. Mons. GARNERIN ascended at LonWood's halfpence. For some time this don in a balloon about 4,000 feet, and desubject was a theme for lampoons and sclnded in a parachute safely at St. PanDean Swift's wit. cr s. His balloon fell the next day near 1733. NoEL STEPHEN SANADON, a learned Farnham, in Surrey. French Jesuit, died; professor of rhetoric 1803. ROBERT EMMET hanged in Dublin at Paris, and author of several much ad- for high treason in conspiring the death of mired orations and poems. George III, and providing arms, &c., for Sept. 21.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 371 the rebels. His speech in his defence is a the Greek confederates. The Persians, masterly piece of eloquence. computed at 100,000 men, were completely 1812. The Americans under captain For- defeated ahd despoiled. syth attacked and carried the village of 479 B. c. The battle of Plataea is also Gananoque, in Canada. placed on the same day, in which 300,000 1814. Action between the United States Persians under Mardonius were defeated sloop of war Wasp, captain Blakely, and by 100,000 Greeks under Pausanius and the British brig Atalanta, formerly the Sire Aristides. The los.s of the the Greeks was of Baltimore. The Atalanta was captured, inconsiderable; but of the Persians Marand made the 13th and last prize of the donius was slain and scarcely one-tenth of Wasp during that cruise; for nothing is his army escaped by flight. (See Aug. 3.) known of her fate afterwards. 19 B. C PUBLIUS MARe VIRGILIUS, the 1814. The British under lieut. Drum- most excellent of all the ancient Roman mond retreated from before fort Erie to poets, died. Niagara. 622. Flight of MAHOMET; an imposing 1832. WALTER SCOTT, the most popular event, which took place, it is ascertained writer of his age, and the most distin- with certainty, sixty-eight days after the' guished novelist in English literature, died commencement of the great Arabian era, at Abbotsford, in Scotland. His fictitious July 16th. prose works comprise 75 volumes, and his 1193. HENRY IV, of Germany, and his complete works about 100 volumes. captive, Richard the Lion, addressed letters 1842. JEREMIAH SMITH, for many years a from Spires to the primates and magnates member of congress from and ex governor of England, notifying the severe terms of of New Hampshire, died at Dover, aged ransom " agreed " upon between them. 62, highly respected as a statesman and a 1298. Battle of Stirlingbridge, between jurist, as well as a scholar. the Scots under Wallace and the Englisl 1842. JAMES IVORY, a distinguished under Warrenne; the latter defeated and Scottish mathematician, died near Lon- obliged to retire into England. don. At the solicitation of lord Broug- 1415. HENRY V took Harfleur, in France, ham, king William IV conferred on him reducing it to an English colony. the order of knighthood, with a pension 1536. WILLIAM TYNDALE, one of the of ~300. first publishers of the Bible in English, 1846. First day's battle of Monterey. was burnt at the stake at Antwerp. 1851. The stores of Spanish residents at 1554. The duke of Northumberland with Key West, Florida, were attacked and sir JOHN GATES and sir TrOMAS PALMER their contents destroyed, in consequence executed. of the excitement about the Cuban expedi- 1559. ROBERT STEPHENS, the celebrated tion of Lopez. and learned Parisian printer, died, aged 56. 1852. WILLIAM BADGER, a New Hamp- 1604. Ostend, a seaport in Flanders, shire jurist, died, aged 73. He had long surrendered to the Spanish under general filled various offices of state with credit- Spinola, after a close siege of upwards of able ability. three years. The Spanish are supposed to 1852. JOHN CHAMBERS, a pioneer Ken- have lost 80,000 men during this siege; tucky emigrant, died, aged 73. He was and not less than 50,000 English and born in New Jersey, and went to Kentucky Dutch perished in the town during that at the age of 13. He practiced law with time. success; was a volunteer aid-de-camp to 1632. FREDERICK BORROMEO, archbishop Harrison at the battle of the Thames, and of Milan, died. He sustained an excellent was one of the foremost in the pursuit of character, and founded the Ambrosian Proctor. He was the first governor of Iowa, library. and held other public offices. 1646. JOHN 1FRANCIS NICERON died; an 1853. General PINEDA, sometime presi- eminent French mathematician and optident of Nicaragua, died at Rivas. cian; and author of some valuable works. 1854. JONATHAN MAYHEW WAINWRIGHT, 1662. JOHN BIDDLE, styled the father of a New York episcopal bishop, died, aged the English unitarians, died in prison, a 63; esteemed a learned theologian and a martyr to principle. ripe scholar. 1688. FRANCIS BERNIER, a celebrated French traveler and physician, died at, Paris. He extended his travels to the SEPTEMBER 22. Mogul empire, where he became physician to Aurungzebe. 479 B. c. Battle of Mycale, between the 1692. Two men and seven women exeGreeks and Persians. This victory hap- cuted at Salem for witchcraft. One of pened in the 24th of the Bceotian month them was pressed to death for standing'Panemus, observed as an anniversary by mute. 372 EVERY DAY BOO00. [Sept. 22. 1703. VINCENT VrvMANI, a famous Flo- Buchan. This statue overlooks the grave rentine mathematician, died. He was the of sir Walter Scott. pupil and friend of Galileo. 1837. DAVID UNWINS, a distinguished 1708. Battle near Smolensko, in which London physician, died. He was a man the Swedes under Charles XII, consisting of literature and science, and author of of six regiments of horse and 4,000 infan- several valuable medical Works. try, attacked and defeated 10,000 horse 1846. The battle of Monterey, in Mexicoand 6,000 Calmucks. The king killed was fought. TheAmericans though signally above a dozen with his own hand. victorious, yet lost many brave officers and 1735. PETER BROWNE, bishop of Cork, men. It began on the 21st and was condied. He distinguished himself by some cluded on th3 23d. philosophical writings. 1851. Louis KossuTH, the Hungarian 1738. JOSEPH AVERANIUS died; a Flo- chief, and thirty-five of his country men, rentine philosopher, of great powers of were sentenced to death in contumaciam, at mind. Pesth, for not appearing after citation. 1741. In the north of Ireland wheat 1851. MARY MARTHA SHERWOOD, an sold at sixpence a stone of 14 lbs., and English writer of juvenile books, died at beef at one penny a pound. Twickenham, aged 77. Her works num1742. BENOIT, a learned Phaenician, died. ber about fifty, and were valuable and He became a Hebrew professor at Pisa, and popular, particularly Little Henry and his edited the works of Ephrern Syrus. Bearer. 1743. GEORGE CLINTON arrived at New 1852. PHILIP MILLEDOLBR, president of York, as governor of the province, "seek- Rutgers college, died at Staten Island, ing nothing more than a genteel frugality aged 77. He was one of the framers of and common civility, while he was mend- the American Bible society, and was an ing his fortunes, till his friends could -re- eminent minister of the Dutch reformed call him, and with justice to their own church. characters and interests, to some indolent 1854. JOHN PURVIANCE, a Maryland jurand more lucrative station." ist, died, aged 81. He was judge of the 1761. GEORGE III and his queen CHAR- county court of Baltimore nearly thirty LOTTE, crowned at Westminster. years, and left a fine library which was 1769. ANTHONY GENOVESI died; a native dispersed by auction after his death. of Castiglione, who acquired great cele- 1854. THOMAS DENMAN, an English brity as a lecturer on philosophy at Na- judge and peer, died, aged 75. He disples; and much odium by adopting the tinguished himself in parliament, and also theories of Galileo, Grotius and Newton. in the trial of queen Caroline. He presid1770. Convention of the people of Mas- ed in the court of queen's bench more sachusetts, consisting of delegates from 96 than 17 years. towns and 8 districts, met at Faneuil hall to consider the grievance of standing armies, &c. 1770. THOMAS LE SUER died at Rome, SEPTEMBER 23. where he taught theology, philosophy and mathematics with great applause. 67. Gamala, supposed impregnable, fell 1774. CLEMENT XVI (John Ganganelli), before Vespasian on the 23d Hyperberepope, died. He was studious in his youth, teus (Tisri), nor age nor sex was spared. and recommended himself to office by his 768. PEPIN (the Short), king of France, abilities and merits. died. He maintained respect at home and 1788. The Oneidas ceded all their lands abroad by the valor and heroic firmness of to the state of New York., his conduct. 1792. Commencement of the French 1459. Battle of Bloreheath, in England. republican era.'It computes from mid. The Yorkists, under the earl of Salisbury, night: " the 1st of the 1st decade of the defeated lord Audley, who was slain. 1st month (Vendemaire) of the 1st year of 1519. CORTEZ entered the Indian city of the French republic, one and indivisible." Tlascala; having in the short space of 1796. The English frigate Amphion twenty-four days subdued a powerful blown up at Plymouth. Out of 220, 16 nation. only saved. 1571. JOHN JEWEL, bishop of Salisbury, 1803. ANGIOLO FABRONI, an Italian eccle- died; one of the most learned and promisiastic, died. He wrote an account of the nent divines under Elizabeth. learned men in Italy in the 17th and 18th 1641. Irish rebellion and massacre. The centuries, in 21 vols. number of protestants slain is variously 1814. The celebrated colossal statue of estimated, probably, however, not less sir William Wallace, the Scottish chief, than 150,000. O'Niel was the instigator. finished under the direction of the earl of 1641. The Merchant Royall, a fine ship; Sept. 23.3 EVERY DAY BOOK. 373' having in her a world of treasure," was 1803. Battle of Assaye, in Hindostan, wrecked near Land's end. between the British, 4500 men, under 1642. Battle of Worcester; the parlia- Wellesley, and Scindea's strmy consisting ment forces under Sandys defeated by the of 38,500 cavalry, 10,500regular infantry, royalists under Rupert. 500 matchlocks, and 500 rocket men —to 1657. JOACHIM JUNGE died; a German tal, 50,000 men, with a train of 90 cannon. philosopher of great ability, who arrayed The latter were defeated. himfelf against the Aristotelian philoso- 1806. The American exploring party phy. under captains Lewis and Clarke, returned 1675. VALENTIN CONRART died; to whose to St. Lewis, having lost but one of their influence, taste and love for literature, the party. French ascribe the origin of their academy, 1807. The British withdrew their troops of which he is styled the father. from Egypt, after having sustained a loss 1709. Newburgh on the west side of the of more than one half by climate and Hudson river settled. combat. 1727. JAMES ABBADDIE, a learned French 1813. American frigate President, Com. protestant minister, died. He was'an Rodgers, took the British schooner High. elegant preacher, and his works were un- flyer, 5 guns, without any.action. usually popular. 1823. MATTHEW BAILLIE died; an emi1737. The Hebrews disfranchised by a nent English physician, author of a supevote of the New York legislature. rior work on the morbid anatomy of the 1738. HERMAN BOER)IAAVE, an eminent human body. Dutch physician, died. From his multi- 1824. Major CARTWRIGHT, an enthusiastfarious knowledge he has been styled the ic English reformer, died, aged 84. So Voltaire of science. early as 1775 he published a tract entitled 1746. Namur, in Belgium, taken by the American Independence the Glory and French, and with it 7,000 Austrians sur- Interest of Great Britain. rendered. 1835. BELLINI, a celebrated Italian musi1777. TIe British army under general cal composer, died at Paris, aged 29. Howe crossed the Schuylkill. 1836. MARIA FELICITAS MALIBRAN DE 1779. American frigate Bon Homme BERITAS, a celebrated vocal actress, died. Richard, 40 guns, 375 men, captain Paul She possessed extraordinary endowments, Jones, engaged and captured the British and a remarkable combination of fine frigate Serapis, captain Pearson, 44 guns. qualities rendered her the admiration of While engaged, the American frigate Alli- all who saw or heard her. She was heard ance, 36 guns, frequently sailed round the to sing in one evening in six different lanSerapis and poured in a raking fire, both guages, and with unqualified admirafore and aft, but as they were close along- tion in all. side of each other, her fire frequently did 1842. A great fire took place in Liverexecution on board Jones's ship, 11 of pool, England; 500,000 pounds sterling whose men and an officer were killed by worth of property destroyed and 20 perone broadside. The loss on both sides was sons killed. very great. At the same time, in company, 1846. The new planet predicted by M. the British ship Countess of Scarborough Leverrier was discovered at Berlin by Dr. engaged the French frigate Pallas, and after Galle. On the 29th it was seen in London; an action of two hours struck her colors 21st Oct. at Cambridge, Mass.; 23d Oct. and was made prize of. at Washington. 1780. JOHN ANDRE, the British spy, in- 1846. Last day's battle of Monterey, in tercepted near Tarrytown, about 25 miles which the arms of the United States troops above New York, and taken into custo- were gloriously victorious. dy. 1852. The barque Cornelia, having 1784. Some Americans in Savannah, cleared at Havana, was *brought to and not to be behind the age, fitted up a bal- boarded at the mouth of the harbor, and loon in which 6 men with 600 bushels of the mail bags rifled in the expectation corn and necessaries for the trip, started of detecting a conspiracy. from that city for Jamaica. 1854. The Russians closed the passage to 1792. Dr. PRIESTLY and THOMAS PAINE the harbor of Sebastopol by sinking in the were elected to the national convention of entrance five ships of the line and two France. frigates. 1794. French national convention de- 1855. The island of Guam visited by a creed the formation of a company of aero- terrific tornado, nearly every house on the stats to superintend the military balloons. island was destroyed, and 8,000 persons 1795. The Dutch colony at the cape of left houseless. Good Hope taken possession of by the English. 374 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 24. SEPTEMBER 24. 1811. French under general MARMONT forced Wellington to raise the siege of 366. LIBERIUS, pope, died. He sub- Ciudad Rodrigo in. Spain. scribed. very reluctantly, the condemna- 1816. EUSEBIUS VALLI, an eminent Italian tion of Athanasius. physician, died a martyr to science. He 867. MICHAEL III (the Drunkard), emperor visited Smyrna and Constantinople to make of Rome, assassinated. His minority was observations on the plague, and the Westgoverned by his mother, a woman of great Indies to study the nature of the yellow ability; but on assuming the reigns of fever. In both instances he voluntarily government, his profligate conduct led to subjected himself to the disease, and in his death. the latter made a fatal experiment in ex1143. INNOCENT II, pope, died. He was posing himself to the infection with a dead elected to the office in 1130, but excluded body, so that in three days the scene closed by a rival for several years. upon him in death. 1332. JOHN BALIOL crowned king of 1821. The Hetserists, a Greek brotherScotland at Scone, by the bishop of Dun- hood, extirpated. On the breaking out of keld. the Greek revolution they hastened from 1404. WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM, bishop of all parts of Europe and formed a legion of Winchester, died. He rose from obscurity, heroes. The last band of them were atand before his death appropriated the large tacked and defeated at the monastery of possessions which he had acquired to en- Seck, where their leader Jordaki, being dow two new colleges, New College Oxford, wounded, and to escape falling into the and Winchester. hands of the Turks, set fire to the monas1427., Lady RAVENSWORTH devised to tery, and perished in the conflagration. her children the following things: "I wyl 1825. PETER PAUL DOBREE died; an yat my son Robert (bishop of London) eminent professor of Greek and Latin, have a sauter covered with red velvet. My who succeeded Porson at Cambridge, and doghterMargoryaprimer covered in rede," was one of the most finished classical &c., &c. scholars in Europe.. 1635. ANTHONY BRUNI, an Italian poet, 1831. Mount Auburn, a retired and ordied. namental place of sepulture about four 1650. CHARLES DE VALOIS, duke de An- miles from the city of Boston and congouleme, died; a French militaire. taining about fifty acres, was publicly de1664. Fort Orange, now Albany, sur- dicated, the first of the kind in the United rendered to the English under colonel States. Cartwright. The title of Jeremiah Van 1835. JOHN PITT, earl of Chatham, died. Rensselaer to the manor of Rensselaerwyck He was the eldest son of the great earl of was confirmed. Chatham and brother of the prime minis1664. The first convention was held in ter. As he left no heir, the peerage became Albany between the English and the Iro- extinct. quois, who were now the predominant 1839. ROBERT Y. HAYNE, a distinguished race, holding sway over every savage na- American statesman and orator, died. tion. The Iroquois continued the allies of 1841. Mr. BROOKE, an enterprising Engthe English until the revolution. ~ lishman, became rajah, or governor, of 1680. SAMUEL BUTLER, an English poet, Sarawak, the first footing obtained by the died; author of Hudibras. English on the island of Borneo, it is be1693. Bayonets first used at the battle lieved. near Turin 5n loaded muskets, which has 1842. Mrs. ELIZABETH AYLETT, daughter been practiced ever since. In 1620 they of the celebrated Patrick Henry, died at were first constructed at Bayonne. Hence King William county, Virginia. the name. 1847. WILLIAM POPHAM, an officer of 1722. JAME% WATSON, author of the the revolution, died in New York, aged 95. History of Printing in Scotland, died at 1847..Col. DAVID FOLSOM, a chief of the Edinburgh. Chocktaws, died. 1757. AARON BURR, president of New- 1852. General CASTANOS, duke of BayJersey college, died. He. was an able len, died, aged 95. He was the companion divine and an accomplished scholar. in arms of Wellington and one of the 1793. Foundation laid of the Iron bridge most conspicuous and heroic of the Spanover the river Wear, at Sunderland, Eng- ish commanders in war against Napoleon, land. It was finished in 1796. called the war of independence. 1803. Berbice, a Dutch colony in Guiana. 1852. BENJAMIN THOMPSON, a Massachucelebrated for its fine coffee, surrendered setts congressman, died at Charlestown, to the British. aged 75. He held many responsible offices, 1805. WILLIAM BYRNE, a distinguished possessed great business talent, and his British landscape engraver, died. services were especially valuable at Wash Sept. 24.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 375 ington on the committee of military affairs, Winchester, died; an eminent English during the Mexican war. prelate. 1854. GEORGE LEITH ROUSSELL, an emi- 1638. DE VRIES sailed from Holland on nent English physician and surgeon, died his third expedition to America, with coin London, of cholera, aged 57. He wrote lonists, to settle Staten Island, which he upon typhus fever, cholera, and the effects had secured two years before. of poisons. 1666. SCHAH ABAS, king of Persia, died. He came to the throne at the age of 13; was valiant and enlightened, and proSEPTEMBER 25. mised by deeds of benevolence and liberality to rival theogreatest heroes of anti275. The emperor TACITUS elected, after quity, when he was cut off at the age of an interregnum of eight months. He or- 37. He died of lues Veneris. dered that ten copies of his kinsman's his- 1689. Count FRONTENAC arrived at Catory should be placed in the libraries. nada to reassume the government of the The MS. was discovered in Westphalia. province. 1066. Battle of Stamford Bridge, be- 1732. MICHAEL ERNEST ETTMULLER died; tween the English under Harold, and the a German professor of anatomy at Leipsic, Norwegians under Hafalgar and Tostig. and author of several learned and curious The latter were defeated, and Hafalgar and treatises on medical subjects. Tostig slain. The Norwegian fleet also 1758. ROBERT CLAYTON, a learned Engfell into the hands of the English. Ju- lish prelate and antiquary, died. dith, the wife of Tostig, afterwards mar- 1764. ROBERT DODSLEY, an eminent ried Guelph I, and became the lineal English bookseller and author, died. He progenitor of the present royal family of commenced life as a footman, but his naEngland. tural abilities brought him into notice, 1154. King STEPHEN of England, died, and recommended him to assistance. and his adopted son Henry Fitzempress 1765. RICHARD POCOCKE, bishop of reigned in his stead. Meath, died; a celebrated traveler, and 1493. COLUMBUS sailed from Cadiz with author of the Description of the East, with a fleet of seventeen ships, great and small, observations on Palestine. well furnished with all the necessaries for 1777. JOHN HENRY LAMBERT, a German the voyage, and having on board 1,500 mathematician, died. He was the son of people, with horses, cattle, and imple- a poor tailor, but became one of the most ments to establish plantations. learned men of his time by his own un1506. PHILIP I of Spain, died. He ob- aided exertions. tained the crown by marriage with Jane, 1777. The American colonel, Ethan Althe heiress of Ferdinand and Isabella, was len, captured near Montreal by the British. a man of very moderate abilities, but re- He had 15 men killed, and surrendered garded as the fairest man of his age. 38, of whom 7 were put to death. 1513. NUNEZ DE BALBOA, the Spaniard, 1786. EDWARD IVES, a celebrated Engdiscovered the sea, over Darien, and in lish traveler, died. The account which his transport took corporal possession of he published of his travels through Euthe ocean in the name of his master. rope and Asia contains much information. 1555. The famous recess, or peace of re- 1791. WILLIAM BRADFORD died; an ligion, established at Augsburg, the bond eminent printer of Philadelphia, and an of union between the German states. officer in the revolutionary war. 1586. The attainder of GERALD FITZ- 1792. JAMES CAZOTTE, mayor of Pierry, GERALD, 16th earl of Desmond, and for- in France, guillotined. He had previously feiture of 574,628 acres. His head was been saved from the mob by the heroic fixed on London bridge. conduct of his daughter, a girl of 17, who 1600. ANTHONY DU VERDIER died; his- shared his misfortunes. toriographer of France, and author of a 1804. JOSEPH WILLARD, president of Biography of French Authors. Harvard college. died; whose attainments 1602. GASPARD PEUCER, an eminent in Greek learning have been equaled by German physician and mathematician, few in America. died. He was imprisoned ten years for 1806. BONAPARTE left Paris, to open the. his religious opinions, during which he campaign against Prussia. committed his thoughts on the margins of 1806. Action between the British squadold books, with an ink which he made of ron, admiral Hood, and a French squadburnt crusts infused in wine. ron. Several French frigates were cap1621. MARY SIDNEY, countess of Pem- tured; Hood lost his right arm. broke, an eminent poetess and patron of 1808. RICHARD PORSON, an eminent literature, died. English professor, died. He possessed 1626. LANCELOT ANDREWS, bishop of great reputation as a Greek scholar and 376 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 25. critic, and yet his learning scarcely pro- stock advanced in England from 6 to 10 duced him a living. per cent, in consequence of the success of 1814. The pope issued a bull prohibit- lord Clive. ing all secret societies, particularly those 1776. Congress appointed Benj. Frankof freemasons. lin, Silas Dean and Thomas Jefferson, 1815. JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY, a dis- commissioners to the court of France. tinguished American painter, died in Lon- They were the first persons appointed by don. the United States to act in the capacity of 1815. First daily paper printed at Al- ministers plenipotentiary, but asthe counbany, N. Y. try had not yet been acknowledged by 1839. Treaty between France and Texas any power, they were designated by the signed at Paris. humble title of commissioners. 1840. Marshal McDONALD, one of Bona- 1777. The British army under lord parte's distinguished generals, died at his Howe entered Philadelphia. Washingchateau near Guise, in France. He was a ton's army lay at Skippack creek, 18 kinsman of the celebrated Flora McDon- miles distant from the city. ald who was instrumental in aiding the es- 1780. The advance of Cornwallis' army, cape of the pretender from the Isle of Skye. consisting of Tarleton's legion, engaged 1842. RICHARD COLLEY WELLESLY, mar- the Americans at Charlotte court house, quis of Wellesly, and eldest son of the under Col. Davis. earl of Mornington, died, aged 82. 1789. EDMUND RANDOLPH commissioned 1854. WILLIAM HENRY PARTLETT, an the first attorney-goneral of the United English artist, died at sea, aged 44; author States. of Views in Switzerland, and other similar 1799. Zurich, in Switzerland taken by works of merit. the French under Massena, and Lavater, 1855. JOHN GIFFORD, a British admiral, while occupied in the streets assisting the died at Southampton, aged 90. He had distressed, received a shot in the side, of been in the service more than 75 years, which he ultimately died. (Jan. 2.) was present at the relief of Gibraltar in 1811. A well 400 feet deep and 5 in 1781, and distinguished himself in many diameter, exhibiting a fine specimen of important engagements. ancient masonry, was discovered in the keep at Dover castle. 1812. GEORGE FREDERICK COOKE, an SEPTEMBER 26. eminent English tragedian, died at New York, aged 57. 33. St. STEPHEN is said to have been 1812. The Russian army under Essen, stoned this day, Paul consenting. entered Miltau, the French and Prussians 329. Constantinople founded, about the under Macdonald, having previously evasame day that Solomon dedicated his tem- cuated it, leaving behind a vast quantity of ple at Jerusalem, 1005 B. c. provisions, and the Whole mass of pelisses, 1087. WILLIAMI II, surnamed Rufus, which were the sum of the requisition proclaimed and crowned king of England. upon Courland, and of vast importance to 1415. Harfleur, a town in France, sur- an army in so cold a region. rendered unconditionally to Henry V of 1813. Privateer schooner Saratoga, of England, after a siege of five weeks, and New York, 10 guns and 116 men, captured their defences had been demolished. by boarding, British packet ship Morgiana, 1417. FRANCIS ZABARELLA, an Italian 18 guns, 50 men, off Surinam. cardinal, died; noted for his great learn- 1814. American privateer brig, Gen. ing and virtues. Armstrong, attacked in Fayal roads, a 1534. CLEMENT VII (Julius de Medicis), neutral port, by the boats of three British pope, died. It was in consequence of his ships. They were twice beaten off and refusing to ratify the acts of Henry VIII, several of the boats sunk. Capt. Reid and the issuing of a bull of excommuni- was obliged to scuttle his vessel, and the cation against that monarch, that England British commander threatened to burn was separated from the Roman church. the town if she was not delivered up. 1635. ADRIAN METIUS died; a learned American loss, 2 killed, 7 wounded; BritDutch mathematician and author. ish loss, 120 killed, 130 wounded. 1722. WILLIAM MASSIEU died; a French 1815. Treaty of peace and alliance signwriter, much admired, who after becoming ed at Paris between the emperors of Ausblind met his death by a stroke of apo- tria, Russia and Prussia. plexy. 1822. JOHN OWEN, an eminent English 1747. The leaden coffin of the noted divine, died. He was one of the originatDr. Sacheverel, and Sally Salisbury, with ors of the British Foreign Bible Society, to 150 others, stolen from the church. whose establishment and extension he 1766. The dividends on East India devoted his life with the greatest zeal. Sept. 26.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 377 1828. A monument erected at Charles- of praise have been paid to his genius and town, Mass., to the memory of John Har- merits. vard, founder of Harvard college, 190 1615. ARABELLA STUART died insane in years after his death. It is a monolith, 15 the Tower of London. feet high and 4 feet square at the bottom; 1700. INNOCENT XII (Anthonyl'ignatelli), the expense of which was defrayed by a pope, died. He protested against the syscontribution of one dollar from each of the tem adopted by his predecessors, of paying graduates of the college. particular honors to the relations of the 1828. JOHN G. C. BRAINARD, an Ame- popes, and condemned Fenelon's Maxims rican poet of considerable note, died, of the Saints. aged 32. 1715. THOMAS BURNET, a learned and 1842. RICHARD RIKER, for many years ingenious English writer, died; author of recorder of the city of New York, died, the Sacred Theory of the Earth, which was aged 69. He was a gentleman of the old very popular. school, and much respected. 1719. GEORGE SMALRIDGE, bishop of 1847. The valuable library of the royal Bristol, died; an elegant theological wrisociety of Icelandic literature in Copenha- ter. gen was destroyed by fire. More than 1729. Great fire in Constantinople, which 2,000 unpublished MSS. were consumed. consumed 12,000 houses. 7000 persons 1854. The French police organized at are said to have perished in the flames. Paris on the plan of that of London; the 1730. LAWRENCE EUSDEN, an'English dinumber to be 2,900, to do duty day and vine and poet, died. He was preferred to night, under charge of two commissioners, the laureateship. at an annual cost of about $1,200,000. 1731. A gang of felons, 130 in number, 1855. The corner stone of the Masonic were taken from Newgate, and put aboard hall laid in Philadelphia with ceremony, a ship to be transported to America, to over 4,000 masons marching in procession. colonize the country. In the next century they sent their felons to Botany Bay, and their paupers to America, several shiploads having been discharged on the coast, enSEPTEMBER 27. tirely destitute, directly from poorhouses. 489. THEODORIC, the Ostrogoth, defeated 1736. RENE DUGUAY TROUIN died; a Odoacer, king of Italy, near Verona, who celebrated French admiral, who displayed fled to Ravenna. the greatest skill, united with the most 642. SIGEBERT, king of the East-Angles, consummate wisdom. assassinated. He was a munificent prince, 1741. DOMINIC PERENNIN died at Pekin; noted as the founder of churches, schools a French Jesuit, who was sent on a mission and monasteries; supposed to have been to China, where he was well received by the founder of Cambridge university. the emperor. 1087. WILLIAM II, surnamed Rufus, 1743. The first act of governor Clinton crowned at Westminster. In his reign was to dissolve the legislature, and issue Malcolm of Scotland was slain at Alnwich writs the same day for convening another. by the earl of Northumberland, whose 1749. JOHN SARGENT, a noted missionary spear piercing Malcolm's eye, gave to among the Indians, died at Stockbridge. Northumberland the surname of Percy (p' 1751. A mosaic pavement and other eye). relics of Roman antiquity discovered at 1106. Battle before the walls of Tinche- Avenches, in the canton of Bern. ~brai, between the two brothers, Henry of 1759. IsAAc MADDOX, bishop of WorcesEngland and Robert of Normandy, in ter, died. He rose to preferment from a which the latter was defeated and impri- very low station in life, and was conspicusoned nearly thirty years. ous for the many benevolent institutions 1415. The reduction of Harfleur, in which he promoted. France, by Henry V, of England; he rifled 1772. JAMES BRINDLEY died; an extrathe town of its affluent stores, and dismiss- ordinary mechanical genius, particularly ed the inhabitants with five pennies. successful in planning and executing pro1540. Pope PAUL III confirmed the order jects of internal navigation, which were of the Jesuits, and authorized its establish- done without any drawing or model. ment. 1775. EDWARD LOVIBOND died; an Eng1563. NICHOLAS EPISCOPIus (or rather lish poet of considerable talents. Bishop), a celebrated printer of Basil, died 1777. The American frigate Delaware, at London, where he had fled from France 32 guns, anchored within 500 yards of the to avoid persecution. unfinished British batteries at Philadelphia 1566. MARK JEROME VIDA, a celebrated and seconded by another frigate and some Latin poet, died, aged 96. Many tributes smaller vessels commenced a heavy fire 48 378 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 27. upon them. She grounded and struck her and was long a member of congress from colors, and the other vessels were compelled that district. He held other offices, and, to retire. was noted for stern integrity. 1782. HYDER ALLY defeated by the Brit- 1848. Count LAMBERG, the imperial ish under sir Eyre-Coote. commissioner, appointed to take chief 1783. STEPHEN BEZOUT died; a French command in Hungary, was slain by the writer on mathematics, navigation and Hungarian population at Pesth, where he algebra. had recently arrived. 1799. Rome, the eternal city, surrendered 1849. Great fire at Owego, N. Y., which to the British. destroyed the place so completely that but 1805. WILLIAM MOULTRIE, a distinguish- three shops were left standing. ed officer of the revolution, died. He was 1849. The fortress of Comorn, in Huna member of congress at the commence- gary, one of the strongest in Europe, taken ment of the war, and made a brave de- by the Austrains. fence of Sullivan's island in 1776., 1854. The steamer Arctic, captain Luce, 1810. Battle of Sierra Busaco, in Portu- when about 50 miles distant from cape gal; the French under Massena defeated Race, came in collision with the French with a loss of about 5000, by the British screw steamer Vesta, in a dense fog, by and Portuguese under Wellington, who which her bows were stove in, and she lost 1000. filled and sunk in about five hours. The 1811. Battle of Aldea de Ponte; the Arctic had 410 persons on board, including French under Marmont attacked the Brit- the crew, of which 22 passengers and 65 ish general Cole; but were unsuccessful. of the crew were saved, and 212 passen1811. BONAPARTE established a mari- gers and 110 of the crew were lost; of the time conscription in the Hanseatic towns. bl women and 19 children on board, not 1812. Americans under colonel Newman one was saved. The conduct of the crew defeated a party of Indians under king is said to have been selfish, mutinous and Paine, who was killed. A second attack dastardly. was made by 200 Indians to recover his 1855. JOHN ADAMSON died at New-Casbody, in which they succeeded, but with tle-upon-Tyne, aged 68; an English augreat loss. thor of a work upon the life and writings 1813. Americans under general Harrison of Camoens, and devoted to literary and landed in Canada, and in one hour took scientific pursuits, and to antiquarian possession of Malden, evacuated by gene- research. ral Proctor after burning the fort and stores. 1832. Battle of Galeneta, in Mexico, be- SEPTEMBER 28. tween the partisans of general Montezuma, 5000 men, and those of Bustamente, 3500, 490 B. c. Battle of Marathon is said to in which the former were completely de- have occurred at the full of the moon on feated. this Julian day. (See Aug. 6.) 1833. Deaths at Tampico, Mexico, by 351. Battle of Murza, on the Drave, in cholera and yellow fever, during the sea- which the emperor Constantius defeated son to this date 2000, out of a population Magnentius in a most desperate conflict. of 5200. 855. LOTHAIRE I, emperor of Germany, 1833. RAMMOHUN Roy, a learned Bramin, died. He seized the person of his father, died in England. He published works in and confined him in a monastery, and Sanscrit, Arabic, Persian, Bengalee and waged a bloody war with his brother, English, and was acquainted with ten lan- during which 100,000 men fell in a single guages. battle. 1835. GERVAISE DE LA RUE, a celebrated 1014. Nearly the whole of Flanders was French antiquary, died at a very great age. immersed by a storm. He wrote various learned works relating 1066. WILLIAM OF NORMANDY (the Conto the poetry and literature of the middle queror) arrived at the coast of England, on ages. his memorable invasion. 1841. NICHOLAS BROWN, a wealthy and 1197. HENRY VI, emperor of Germany, munificent merchant, died at Providence, died. He had the meanness to detain aged 73. He graduated in 1786 at the Richard of England, who had been shipcollege of Rhode Island, of which institu- wrecked on the coast of Dalmatia. With tion he afterwards became the benefactor, the large sum of money obtained for the in consequence of which its name was ransom of his illustrious captive he made changed in 1804 to Brown University. war against Sicily, and plundered and 1848. MICHAEL HOFFMAN, an American desolated the country. statesman, died at'Brooklyn, N. Y., aged 1396. Battle of Nicopolis; the Turks 60. He was a physician in Herkimer co., under Bajazet achieved a famous victory Sept. 28.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 379 over the king of Hungary. The greater corted by seven armed vessels, arrived part of an army of 100,000 confederate from Halifax and took up quarters in the Christians were slain, or driven into the town. Danube, and Sigismund, escaping by the 1776. CADWALLADER COLDEN, lieutenantriver and the Black sea, returned after a governor of New York under the British long circuit to his exhausted kingdom. A dynasty, died, aged 88. He was a Scottish gout preserved Europe. physician; his publications were numer1567. JOHN STAININGER died at Braunau, ous in botany, medicine, history and in Austria; he was remarkable for the philosophy. length of his beard, which reached to the 1777. General WAYNE, with a detachground. ment of 1500 men, on the left wing of the 1582. GEORGE BUCHANAN, a learned British army, was surprised and defeated Scottish historian, has his death placed on with a loss of about 300. this day by several authorities. (See Feb. 1778. A regiment of American cavalry 28.) stationed at Tappan on the Hudson river, 1618. JOSHUA SYLVESTER, an English was surprised while sleeping, by the Britpoet, died. ish under general Gray, who rushed upon 1667. JAMES GOLIUS, an eminent Dutch them with their bayonets, and giving orientalist, died. He traveled into several them no quarter, 67 were killed, wounded countries, and published some learned and taken. works. 1779. The famed Houghton collection of 1670. The London royal exchange, hav- pictures (lord Walpole's) was purchased ing been rebuilt, was opened. by the empress of Russia, and shipped for 1687. The Venetians under Morosini Petersburg. bombarded Athens, when a bomb fired the 1780. Americans under general Marion powder magazine kept by the Turks in attacked a party of tories at Black Mingo; the Parthenon. This noble building, which several were killed and others taken. had stood nearly 2000 years, and was then 1789. THOMAS DAY, an eminent English neArly perfect, was by this calamity re- writer and eloquent speaker, killed by a duced to a ruin, and with it perished the fall from his horse. ever memorable remains of the genius of 1791. The French ships Recherche and Phidias. In attempting to remove the L'Esperance under admiral D'Entrecaschariot of victory, which stood on the teaux and Hunon Kermadoc, sailed from west pediment of the Parthenon, it fell Brest in search of La Perouse. The expeand was dashed to pieces. Though the dition was extremely unfortunate, both ancient edifices of the Greeks' suffered commanders dying on the voyage, and the much from the Turks, the siege of Moro- ships and crews were seized by the Dutch sini did infinitely more damage to the governor at Java. Parthenon than it had sustained during 1795. The British under general Stuart the 2000 years of its existence. A fine took Jaffnapatam in the East Indies. basso relievo, supposed to belong to the 1803. RALPH GRIFFITHS, an English wrifrieze of the building, has lately been dis- ter, died; known in the republic of letters covered. as the projector of the Monthly Review, be1708. The French defeated nearWynnen- gun 1749, and which became so popular dale, yet by means of 2000 horsemen each as to procure him a comfortable indepenwith a bag of powder behind him, con- dence, upon which he retired. trived to throw supplies into Lisle. 1839. WILLIAM DUNLAP, a portrait and 1728. HENRY BROWN obtained a patent historical painter, died at New Ycrk, aged from the English government for an im- 74. He also wrote several valuable histoprovement in the manufacture of cannon. rical works, besides biographies and dra1742. HUGH BOULTER, primate of Ireland, mas. died, leaving behind him an enviable re- 1842. Captain ENOCH PREBLE, a skillful putation. During the great scarcity of seaman and eminent philanthropist, died 1741 in Ireland, 2500 persons were daily at Portland, Me. supported at his expense. 1843. SHOBAL L. VAI CLEVENGER, an 1742. JOHN BAPTIST MASSILLON, a famous American sculptor of high reputation, died French ecclesiastic, died. His name has at sea, aged 31. almost become proverbial as a powerful 1848. EDWARD R. TYLER, editor of the master of eloquence. (18th?) New Englander, died in New Haven, Ct. 1763. JOHN BYROM, an English poet, aged 48. He was for many years engaged died. He was also famous as the inventor with ability and usefulness as a congregaof a system of short hand writing. tional minister at Middletown and at Cole1768. The commissioners of the customs brook. having solicited the presence of a regular 1850. The North Star, which was sent force in Boston, two British regiments, es- out from England in 1849, arrived at Spit 380 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 28. head on her return. She was imprisoned land, burst and involved an incredible in the ice from Oct. 1, 1849 to Aug. 1, number of people in utter ruin. The 1850. capital of the company was about $168,1852. WILLIAM FINDEN, a celebrated 000,000. English engraver, died at London of heart 1759. Volcano of Jorullo, in Mexico, by disease, aged 66. which a mountain was thrown up in a 1853. A deputation from the protestant single night to the height of 1224 feet in alliance waited upon lord Clarendon to the midst of a large plain. The volcano state the case of Miss Cunningham, ar- is surrounded by numerous conical hills, rested at Lucca for distributing an Italian from which smoke is continually issuing. version of the Bible and Pilgrim's Progress, 1760. The astronomer MASKELYNE was and to urge the government to procure her sent by the English government to St. immediate liberation. Helena, and Mr. MASON to Bencoolen, to 1853. The ship Annie Jane, from Liver- observe the transit of Venus on the 6th pool, was driven on the Barva island, one June, 1761. Three astronomers were sent of the Hebrides, and of 450 passengers from France for a like purpose. 348 were drowned. 1764. Battle between the Irish White 1854. The United States sloop of war boys and English troops near Kilkenny. Albany, James T. Gerry, commander, Several killed on both sides. sailed from Aspinwall and was never more 1772. JOHN BENJAMIN MICHABLIS, one heard of. of the minor German poets, died in his 1854. GEORGE FIELD, an English philo- 25th year. sopher, died, aged 77; well known for his 1778. American frigate Raleigh, after success in the application of science to the gallantly engaging two British men of war arts. some time, ran on shore, and was captured. 1791. The national assembly of France SEPTEMBER 29. dissolved itself. 1793. FRANcIs ROZIER, an eminent French 1066. WILLIAM (the Conqueror) landed in agriculturist, killed by a bomb at Lyons, England, at Pevensey, in Sussex, and which fell on his bed, while he was asleep. made the conquest of the country, and He published a work on agriculture in 10 revolutionized its institutions. volumes quarto. 1399. RICHARD II resigned his right to 1793. The French convention decreed the crown, publicly acknowledging his in- the incorporation with the French republic capacity to reign. of all the Austrian possessions on the west 1494. COLUMBUS met with his brother side of the Rhine. Bartholomew at the town of Isabella in 1809. CHARLES FRANCTS DupuIS, a French the West Indies, after a separation of four- philosopher, died; having filled several teen years, during which the latter had important professorships and civil offices. paid an unsuccessful visit to the court of He published a work on the origin of all England. modes of religious worship, in 3 volumes 1513. Fall of Tournay, in Belgium, quarto. which closed the campaign of the English 1813. The Americans under general under Henry VIII. HARRISON took possession of Sandwich 1526. Rome taken by the partisans of and Detroit. cardinal Calonna, when the palace of the 1825. DANIEL SHAYS, noted for the part Vatican, the church of St. Peter, and the he took in the celebrated rebellion of 1786, pope's ministers and servants were plun- which bears his name, died at Sparta, aged dered. 84. He had been an officer in the revolu1560. GUSTAVUSVASA, king of Sweden, tionary army, and enjoyed a pension. died. He recovered the kingdom from 1827. Captains PARRY and FRANKLIN the Danish yoke, and established the pro- reached the admiralty, from the arctic and testant religion in his country. overland American expeditions. The lati1564. The earl of LEICESTER was en- tude made by Parry was 823 degrees. nobled, on which occasion it is said coaches 1833. FERDINAND VII, king of Spain, were first brought to London. died, and was buried with great pomp in 1604. The act of king JAMEs against the Escurial. His reign was a period of witches went into operation. disaster to Spain, during which she sank 1622. CONRAD VORSTIUS died; a learned rapidly into insignificance as a European German protestant divine and polemical kingdom. He received a superior educawriter, who succeeded Arminius in the di- tion, but was a superstitious and weak vinity chair at Leyden. minded man, the victim or the tool of 1720. The great South sea bubble, a scheme artful ministers or bigoted priests. His for paying off the national debt of Eng- first wife, an accomplished woman, was Sept. 29.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 381 poisoned in 1806, the second died 1808; the Red sea. The golden vine of Aristothe third 1829; the fourth by whom alone bulus, king of the Jews, a little chapel of he had issue, outlived him. It was during pearl consecrated to the Muses, surmounthis reign that the inquisition was re-estab- ed by a sun-dial, and twenty kings and lished and six years afterwards permanently princes, with a string of barbaric gods, abolished. In his latter years he seemed were among the trophies which preceded to take little or no interest in public affairs, the car of the conqueror. but continued to reign, nominally, goaded 420. JEROME, one of the fathers of the on one side by the liberals, and on the Christian church, died. He was famous other by the absolutists, or apostolical party for his eloquence, his virtue and his exas they called themselves, who were for tensive learning. ruling by terror. 788. ABDURRAHMAN I, founder of the 1840. JOHN MARSHALL, author of various dynasty of Beni Umeggah in Spain, died, works on manufactures, commerce and aged 62. On the defeat of his house in statistics, died at London, aged 58. the east, he subdued Spain and founded a 1843. RIcHARD HARLAN, a noted writer dynasty which continued 300 years. on natural history, died of apoplexy at 1139. A revolt from king Stephen in New Orleans. His parents were among the favor of the empress Maud, daughter of first quaker families that emigrated from Henry I, of England. England. 1283. DAVID, brother of Llewellyn of 1848. GEORGE F. RUXTON, a British of- Wales, executed by Edward as a traitor. ficer, died at St. Louis, Mo., aged 38 (Allen This opened the way for the title of prince says 88). He wrote the series in Black- of Wales to the princes of England. wood's Magazine on life in the far west, and 1291. RODOLPH I, emperor of Germany, also a book of adventures in Mexico and died. He added Austria, Styria and Carthe Rocky mountains. niola to his dominions by conquest. 1854. Marshal DE SAINT ARNAUD, a com- 1400. OWEN GLENDOWER erected his mander of the French forces in the Crimea, standard as prince of Wales. died at Balaclava, aged 53. He served in 1435. ISABELLA of Bavaria, queen of Algeria, and conducted an expedition France, died. She was a licentious and against the Kabyles; also executed the intriguing woman, who preferred the incoup d'6tat for Louis Napoleon. He is re- terests of England to the prosperity of her presented as a man of deep religious im- own country. pressions, was courted by the clergy, and 1517. LUTHER maintained his ninetyhad been much engaged in building cha- five propositions at Wittemberg. pels. 1572. Pope PIus V died. He issued the 1855. The Russians, 35,000 strong, at- famous bull, absolving the subjects of tacked Kars, gained possession of the re- queen Elizabeth from their allegiance, but doubt four times, and were four times the lioness of England heeded not such driven back, and at length retreated, bellowings. leaving 4,000 dead in the trenches and 1628. FULK GREVILLE, lord Brooke, asaround the city. Loss of the garrison sassinated; a literary character of conabout 800. siderable celebrity in the reigns of Elizabeth and Jimes I. 1630. ISAAC JOHNSON, one of the prinSEPTEMBER 30. cipal founders of the city of Boston, died. lie was the first magistrate who died in the 610 B. c. A total eclipse of the sun, colony, and was buried on his own lot. foretold by the skill of Thales, which de- The first burying place in Boston was laid termined the battle between the Lydians out around his grave. The spot is now and Medes. built upon, being bounded by Tremont, 480 B. c. The Carthagenians were over- Cornhill, Court and School streets. thrown at Gelo by Himera. 1632. THOMAS ALLEN died; an English480 B. c. The great victory of Themis- man, eminent for his knowledge of mathetocles over the Persians at Salamis, is also matics and philosophy. placed upon this day by some authorities. 1659. JUAN DE PALAFOx, an illustrious (See Aug. 20.) Spanish ecclesiastic, died. He was ap61 B. c. The great and unrivaled triumph pointed bishop of Los Angelos in America, of Pompey, which continued two days, for where he displayed an admirable charachaving concluded a war of 30 years, in ter. which he had vanquished, slain and cap- 1662. A rencontre between the French tured 2,183,000 men; sunk or taken 846 and Spanish ambassadors, at which many ships; reduced under the empire 1538 were killed. The contest was precedency. towers and fortresses, and subdued all the 1682. Colonel THOMAs DONGAN prefercountries between the Mceotian lake and red by the duke of York to the govern 382 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Sept. 30. ment of his province of New York in destroyed 20,000 barrels of corn, and a America. great quantity of other provisions. 1707. JOHN REINHOLD DE PALKUL, a Livo- 1793. A furious riot occurred at Bristol, nian gentleman, who resented the oppres- England, on the erection of a new toll gate sion his country suffered from the Swedes, on the bridge. Several persons were killed was basely broken on the wheel, by order and wounded by the military. But the of Charles XII. tumults were allayed by the Bristoleans' 1719. BERNARD RENAU D'ELISAGARAY, a agreeing to raise the money some other French mathematician, died. He obtained way than by toll. a pension for his improvements in the 1795. GEORGE BUTT, an English prelate construction of ships. and poet, died. 1747. THOMAS HALL died, aged 6 years; 1797. The state road having been comfour feet six inches high, and weighing pleted, the first stage started from fort upwards of seven stone. He died as if of Schuyler (Utica) and arrived at Geneva in extreme old age. the afternoon of the third day, with four 1761. JOHN DOLLOND died; an eminent passengers. English optician and inventor of the achro- 1811. THOMAS PERCY, a learned English matic telescope. prelate, died. Besides his Reliques of sdn 1770. GEORGE WHITEFIELD, one of the cient English Poetry, a valuable work, he founders of the sect of the methodists, published translations from the Chinese, died at Newburyport, Mass., aged 55. He Icelandic and Hebrew languages. visited America seven times, and preached 1824. WILLIAM WINDHAM SADLER, an in all parts of the Atlantic states with great English aeronaut, killed by a fall from his power and success. balloon. The accident occurred by the car 1775. British ship Rose, captain Wallace, being driven against the chimney in the cannonaded Stonington. The town was descent. He was a skillful chemist and considerably injured, 2 persons killed and engineer, cut off at the early age of 28. a loaded schooner and two sloops carried 1826. JOSEPH PETER PICOT CLORIVIERE, off. director of the monastery in Georgetown, 1779. Colonel JOHN WHITE, with 6 vo- D. C., died. He was a royalist of France, lunteers and his servant, captured a cornm- and the reputed inventor of the infernal pany of 141 British, posted on the Ogeeche machine for which he had to leave his river, and brought them safe to an Ameri- country. can post 25 miles distant. He also took 5 1826. A magazine of powder near Ostvessels, one of 12 and another of 10 guns. end, containing 1,300 barrels, or about 60 The exploit was effected by kindling large tons, exploded, damaging many houses by fires round the post, and making such the concussion, and destroyed several lives. other parade as demonstrated a large en- 1830. Independence of the South Amecampment. rican republics acknowledged by France. 1781. Yorktown invested by the Ame- 1849. SILAS JENISON, for several years rican and French armies under Washington governor of Vermont, died at Shoreham, and Rochambeau, assisted by the French an esteemed and valuable citizen. fleet under count d'Estaing. 1849. Mrs. MAURY died in Virginia; an 1789. Nova Castella and several villages artist, linguist and authoress, known in in Italy destroyed by an earthquake. the United States by her Statesmen of 1790. General HARMER with 320 regulars Idmerica. and 1133 militia, defeated the Indians at 1849. ROBERT GOLDSBOROUGH, for many Miami village, in Ohio, but with the loss years president of the medical and chirurof 141 killed and 31 wounded. The loss gical society of Maryland, died at Centreof the Indians was estimated at about 100 ville. killed and 300 wigwams burnt. They also OCTOBER. OCTOBER 1. York assembly, held a treaty with the Six Nations at Albany, and renewed the an2016 B. C. The call of Abraham is placed cient covenant. He gave them great preby Eusebius upon this day, A. M. 1921. sents, and engaged them in the defence of The Caesarian era used by the Syrians, Oswego. commenced from the same Julian day, 1746. Battle of Roucoux, between the first of their month Tisri, B. C. 48. allies, who were defeated with the loss of 325. CONSTANTINE ordered that those 5,000 men and prince Tingray killed, and criminals hitherto employed by a barbari- the French, whose loss was nearly equal. ous custom in the gladiator shows, should 1748. Action between the British fleet, be sent to the mines. admiral Knowles, 7 ships, and the Spanish 829. MICHAEL II (the Stammerer), em- fleet, under Spinola, 6 ships and a frigate. peror of the East, died. He was of ob- The latter were defeated with the loss of scure origin, and dragged from prison to two ships. the throne on the death of Leo. He com- 1756. Battle of Lowositz, between the pelled the Christians to observe the sab- king of Prussia and the Austrians under bath and other holy days of the Jewish Braun. Each army sustained a loss of law. about 2,500. 1240. Dedication of the cathedral church 1761. Schweidnitz, a strong fortress in of St. Paul's, at London. Silesia taken from the Prussians by a skill1500. JOHN ALCOCK, a distinguished ful coup-de-main of the Austrians under English prelate, died. His great learning Laudohn. The governor and about 3,000 recommended him to preferment, and he men were made prisoners. was appointed president of Wales and 1768. British troops landed at Boston chancellor of England. He founded Jesus from Halifax, and one regiment was quarcollege. tered at Faneuil hall. (Sept. 30.?) 1621. By an act of the British pallia- 1777. ALEXANDER SUMOROKOF, founder ment, no tobacco was to be imported after of the Russian theatre, died at Moscow. this date but from Virginia and the Somer He wrote a number of plays and historical isles, and none to be planted in England. works. The merchant was to receive no more than 1778; WILLIAM BUTLER made a successeight, and the retailer ten shillings the ful expedition against the Indian towns, pound, but they who sold by the pipe and returned to Schoharie on the 16th. might make the most they could! 1795. ROBERT BAKEWELL, an eminent 1664. Articles of capitulation were English agriculturist and cattle breeder, agreed to between the English under sir died. His improvements in the breeds of Robert Carr, and the Dutch and Swedes, domestic animals were unprecedented; a on Delaware bay and river; which com- single ram selling for nearly $4,000. pleted the subjection of New Netherland 1796. JAMES FORDYCE died; a popular to the British crown. and eloquent Scottish preacher, who left 1670. JAQUES DE PAULMIER, an eminent behind him several excellent moral and French physician, died. Besides- some religious works. prose works he wrote poems in several 1799. JOHN WILLIAM BRUGUIERES, an European languages. eminent French botanist and mineralogist, 1684. Review of the marines at Putney died. heath, which were first established in 1800. Treaty of St. Ildefonso, by which England this year. Spain ceded Louisiana to France. 1684. PETER CORNEILLE, the great French 1802. Ratification of a treaty between poet, died. His dramas were eminently Bonaparte and the bey of Tripoli, effected successful, and his poems are among the by Col. Sebastiana, who the same day sublimest effusions of the French muse. concluded a treaty between the Swedes 1728. Mr. PHILIPSE, speaker of the New and the bey, by which the Swedes en 384 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 1. gaged to pay 150,000 piasters.for the cap- he could not satisfactorily explain the tives, and an annuity of 8,000 more. cause of the tides. He was the first per1807. The first steam boat sailed from son on record who was possessed of a priNew York to Albany. It was 130 feet in vate library. length, called the Clermont, and made 5 1346. The Scots under king DAVID took miles an hour. Liddel castle in Cumberland, after a siege 1831. BLACKHOOF, a chief of the Shawnee of six days, beheaded the governor, pluntribe of Indians, died at Wapaghkonnetto, dered the abbey of Lanercrost, and then aged 114. He was at the defeats of Brad- directed his march towards Durham. dock, St. Clair, Harmer and Crawford, and 1394. RICHARD II having made a truce probably the last survivor of the former with France, landed in Ireland with a disaster. large force; he succeeded in reducing the 1838. The law abolishing imprisonment natives to obedience, who in the absence of for debt in England went into operation. the English barons and knights, had inter1841. The Chinese island of Chusan re- cepted and refused the revenues. The captured by the British forces under sir country was divided, at that time, into H. Gough, with the loss of only 2 killed different kingdoms. and 24 wounded. 1410. The heroic earl of WARWICK was 1842. The war in Affghanistan closed by retained under covenant by prince Henry, the capture of Ghuznee and Cabul, and the at a wage of 250 marks. Whenever he withdrawal of the British troops. should be in the king's court, he was to 1847. A telescopic comet was discovered have four esquires and six yeomen with by a lady of Nantucket, Mass., in the con- him, and diet for them all; and the prince stellation Cepheus. should have a third part of what he acquired 1847. A violent tornado unroofed the in battle, and the third of the thirds of steam factory in Portsmouth, N. H.; what should be taken by Richard the earl's weight not less than 70,000 pounds. It men at arms. separated into 3 sections, one falling with- 1629. PETER BERULLE, a French bishop, in 100 feet, another 200, the rafters com- distinguished for his learning and exeming down endways and sinking 4 feet in plary piety and virtues, died at the altar the earth; the largest section weighing while performing mass. 30,000 pounds, was carried 300 feet. 1661. BARTEN HOLYDAY, an English di1848. JAMES BIDDLE, United States vine, died; known as the author of several commoqore, died at Philadelphia, aged literary and theological works. 65. 1693. CHARLES PATIN, a distinguished 1849. Hudson river rail road opened to French physician, died at Padua. At the Peekskill. age of 14 he maintained a disputation for 1850. Whitehall and Rutland rail road five hours in Greek and Latin, and took opened. the degree of master of arts. 1853. The Turkish divan resolved on 1710. The conquest of Port Royal, or the most vigorous measures against Rus- Annapolis Royal completed by the British sia, and the sultan signed the declaration and colonial forces under colonel Nicholof war, and permitted the allied fleets to son. pass the Dardanelles. 1711. Memorable fire in Boston, which 1854. The shores around the harbor of swept down Cornhill, and other streets, Vera Cruz strewn with an immense num- and was attended with loss of life and ber of dead fish, supposed to have been limb. killed by the gas evolved in some subma- 1724. FRANCIS TIMOLEON DE CHoIsI, a rine volcanic eruption. French ecclesiastic, died. He was sent by 1854. The steamer Yankee Blade from the French government to convert the emSan Francisco to Panama, struck a reef of peror of Siam, who had expressed a wish rocks, and was wrecked. Although there to embrace Christianity. He wrote sevewere 800 passengers on board, all but 15 ral historical and other works. were saved; $153,000 of specie was lost. 1746. The French East India squadron destroyed at Madras by a hurricane. 1780. JOHN ANDRE, a British officer, OCTOBER 2. hanged at Tappan, New York, as a spy, while Arnold made his escape to the Brit331 B. c. DARnIs, king of Persia de- ish head quarters, where he received feated by Alexander at Arbela, losing ~10,000 and a commission in the army, 300,000 men. This deleat of Darius de- as a reward for his treachery. cided the fate of Persia. 1780. A violent hurricane in the West 322 B. C. AmRSTOTELES, the celebrated Indies, which devastated the island of Greek philosopher, died. It is said that Jamaica. In one town of 200 inhabitants, he threw himself into the Euripus because not a vestige of man, beast or habitation Oct. 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 385 was left. Twelve men of war were lost, 1187. Jerusalem acquired bythe arms of and in most of them their entire crews Saladin the Turk. perished. 1405. HENRY IV granted to sir John 1782. CHARLES LEE, a major-general in Stanley the isle of Man in the Irish sea. the revolutionary army, died. He was an 1573. The Spaniards abandoned the faofficer in the British army at the age of 11, mous siege of Leyden; during which Kaand distinguished himself in 1762 under nava obtained celebrity for her patriotism. Burgoyne in Portugal. He joined the 1594. Battle of Glenlivet, in which the American army at the outbreak of the forces of James V under the duke of Arwar, but was suspended after the battle of gyle were defeated by the Scotch. Monmouth, for some improper conduct. 1689. QUIRINUS KUHLMAN, a German fa1786. AUGUSTUS KEPPEL, a distinguished natic, burnt at Moscow for some seditious British admiral, died. He accompanied prophecies. Anson in his voyage round the world. 1690. ROBERT BARCLAY, an eminent 1801. AUGUSTUS FERDINAND VELTHEIM, Scottish writer, of the society of quakers, an eminent German mineralogist, died; died. His Apology for the Quakers is eshe published several valuable scientific teemed the standard of their doctrines, works. and has been published in many of the 1803. SAMUEL ADAMS, governor of Mas- European languages. sachusetts, died, aged 82; distinguished 1691. The English and Irish war ended as a writer and a patriot, and for his influ- by the fall of Limerick. ence in forwarding the American revolu- 1733. CHARLES ST.YVES, a skillful French tion; of stern integrity, dignified manners oculist, died; author of a valuable treatand great suavity of temper. He and ise on the diseases of the eye. John Hancock were proscribed when a 1751. JAMES LOGAN died; a learned pardon was offered to every one else. quaker, who accompanied Penn to Ame1812. British cannonaded Ogdensburg. rica in 1699, and assisted in the govern1841. JAMES FRASER, the founder and ment of the colony. His library contained publisher of Fraser's Magazine, died in 3,000 volumes, and was the largest in the London; when literature lost an earnest colony; he understood several ancient and supporter, and literary men a generous modern languages, and his writings were patron. republished in Europe. 1842. The United States sloop-of-war 1768. FERDINAND WARNER, an English Concord was lost on the rocks in the Mo- divine, died; celebrated for his theological, zambique channel, and one or two of biographical, historical and medical writthe crew perished. ings. 1842. WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING, an 1793. The last two males natives of Piteminent unitarian preacher of Boston, cairn's island murdered by the three surdied at Bennington, Vt. He was born vivors of the British ship Bounty. 1780, and ordained 1803 at the Federal 1794. The fortress of Juliers opened its street church. He was honored through- gates to the victorious French, on the faout Christendom, for his learning and elo- mous victory over the Austrians on the quence. banks of the Roer, which delivered all the 1846. BENJAMIN WATERHOUSE, an emi- German provinces on the west side of the nent American botanist, died, aged 92. Rhine into the hands of the republicans. He completed his studies in Europe, and 1803. VICTOR ALFIERI, an eminent Itagraduated at Leyden; on his return home lian dramatic poet, died. Within less was elected to a professorship in Harvard than seven years he produced fourteen university. dramas, besides various other works in 1848. HENRY BURBECK, an officer of the prose and verse, including a translation of revolution, died at New London, aged 94. Sallust. His posthumous works were pubHe retired from the public service in 1815, lished in 13 vols., two of which are occuhaving spent 38 years in almost incessant pied by his auto-biography. activity. 1811. First newspaper issued at Buffalo, N.Y. OCTOBER 3. 1813. Battle of Wartenburg, a small town on the left bank of the Elbe, between 382. The Goths submitted to the Roman the Prussian army of 24,000 under Bluempire under Theodosius. cher, and the French under Bertrand, of 1003. ABDULMALIK IBN SHOHEYD execut- 20,000. The former made a memorable ed; a poet and historian of Cordova, who for march from Bautzen to the Elbe. The his military services was made governor of river was wide and rapid, and the ponToledo. He wrote a history of the Span- toons were thrown over under the fire of ish Arabs in 100 vols.; was put to death the French, who were defeated with much by order of Hisham II. loss. 49 386 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 3. 1815. JUAN DIEz PORLIER, a celebrated 1590. JAMES CUJAcIus, an eminent French Spanish partisan general, hanged at Co- lawyer, died. He rose from obscurity, and runna. He distinguished himself at the by his indefatigable industry, without the battle of Trafalgar, and rendered the king assistance of a master, perfected himself important services in the war with the in Greek and Latin literature, and particuFrench. larly in civil law. His works were pub1826. LEVIr AUGUSTUS BENNINGSEN, a lished at Paris, in 10 vols. folio. German military officer of great abilities, 1595. JOHN MAITLAND, lord Thirlstane, died. He entered the Russian service, an eminent statesman under James VI of and was in several important campaigns Scotland, died. against the French. 1609. HENRY HUDSON, having explored 1838. BLACKHAWK (Muck-ker-ta-me- the river to where it divided itself into scheck-ker-kirk), a celebrated Indian chief several branches, returned to its mouth on and warrior, died at his camp on the river this day-put to sea with all sails set, to Des Moines. report the tidings of his valuable discovery. 1843. LEWIS F. LINN, senator of the 1660. FRANCIS ALBANO, an eminent ItaUnited States from Missouri, died at St. lian painter, died at Bologna, aged 82. He Genevieve. particularly excelled in expressing the de1848. The emperor of Austria dissolved lineations of female and infantine beauty; the Hungarian diet, proclaimed martial his pieces are dispersed in the cabinets of law for that province, and appointed the Europe, and highly esteemed. Ban Jellachich to the supreme govern- 1691. Louis ABELLY died; a French ecment. clesiastic; who devoted himself principally 1852. A severe gale swept over the At- to literature, and left numerous works belantic ocean and English channel, causing hind him. a great destruction of property and loss of 1692. CHARLES FLEETWOOD, lord deputy life. under Cromwell, died, aged 74. He mar1853. JAMES TALMADGE died in New ried the widow of the gloomy Ireton; York, aged 75. He was lieutenant-go- hesitating to declare at once for the king, vernor of New York in 1824, and devoted he was allowed to end his days in obthe last twenty years of his life to the scurity. American institute as its president. 1693. Battle near Marseilles, in France, 1855. ROBERT ADAIR, a British ambassa- between the French under Catinat, and dor to various courts of Europe, died at the allies under Victor Amadeus and EuLondon, aged 92. gene of Savoy. The allies were defeated, with the loss of all their artillery, and 8,000 men; the duke of Schomberg was OCTOBER 4. mortally wounded. 1704. ALEXANDER SELKIRK, a Scottish 633. EDWIN (the Great), king of Britain, mariner, put ash're on the desert island killed at Hatfield. He wielded the sove- of Juan Fernandez, by orders of captain reignty 17 years, during which the cumu- Pradling, with whom he had a quarrel. lus of heathenism began to break up in He was allowed a fowling piece and amlarge masses. munition, and a very few necessaries. In 1226. FRANCIS, of Assisi, died; founder this desolate situation he continued three of the order of Franciscans, or gray friars. years, subsisting on goats, fish and fruits. 1253. ROBERT G(ROSSETESTE, an English 1743. JOHN BAPTIST DU HALDE, a learned prelate, died. He wrote several volumin- French Jesuit, died. He is the author of ous works, possessed great learning, and a a description of China and Tartary, a valuclear and vigorous intellect, able work, compiled from the curious and 1434. COSMO DE MEDICI reentered Flo- interesting observations of the missionaries rence from exile, and was received with of his fraternity. the most extravagant demonstrations of 1744. HENRY CAREY, an English dramapublic joy, and became, in fact, the prince tic poet, and music composer, died by sniof the state, accumulated enormous wealth, cide. Besides his poems, he wrote Chroand lived in regal magnificence. nonhotonthologos, to ridicule the style of 1489. JOHN WESSELIUS, a Dutch eccle- tragedy then in vogue, and produced the siastic, died. His learning and abilities Dragon of Wantley, as a burlesque on Itawere so great, that the pope sent for him lian opera. to Rome, and offered him what he should 1777. Battle of Germantown, in which ask for. He merely requested a Greek and the Americans were defeated, with the Hebrew Bible in the Vatican. loss of 200 killed, 600 wounded, and 400 1535. Was published the first edition of taken. British loss, killed and wounded, the Whole Bible in the English language, 600. The disastrous termination of this being the translation of Miles Coverdale. affair, was owing to the darkness of the Oct. 4.] EVERY DA; BOOK. 387 day, which embarrassed the operations of lently separated from Holland, shall conthe Americans. stitute an independent state." 1780. The ships Resolution and Disco- 1833. RICHARD HEBER died; an Englishvery, the circumnavigating ships which man of talents and learning, distinguished sailed under Cook and Clerke, returned, for his zeal in collecting books, a business but without either of their original com- which he followed assiduously during the manders. Both were dead. last thirty years of his life. He left im1790. ANN LETTS died, at South river, mense collections of rare and valuable N. J., aged 107. works in various languages, in various 1794. Battle of Maeiejowice, in Poland; cities in Europe. the forces under Kosciusko overthrown. 1835. Third centenary, or three hun1795. The Parisians attacked the national dredth year from the printing of the first convention, on account of the re-election English Bible, that of Coverdale, generally of two-thirds of the members of that body. celebrated in the different churches and They were repulsed by the troops under chapels in England. This Bible, as appears Bonaparte, who now first signalized him- from the colophon, was finished on this self. About 8,000 of the citizens were day, 1535. killed. 1835. TELESFORO DE TRUEBE Y COSIA, a 1799. Brunnen, in Switzerland, taken Spanish dramatist, died at Paris, aged 30. from the French by the Russians under Su- He resided principally in England, where warrow. This affair, however, terminated he produced several dramas and novels. the progress of the invaders. He wrote dramas in English, Spanish, and 1806. SAMUEL HORSLEY, a learned Eng- French, which were successfully produced lish prelate, died. He engaged in a sec- at the several national theatres. tarian controversy with Priestley. 1851. EMANUEL GODOY (Prince of Peace), 1812. Ogdensburgh attacked by the minister of Charles VI and VII of Spain, British, who were repulsed. died at Paris, in the 87th year of his age. 1812. American entrenched camp of Col. 1853. The Great Republic, a mammoth Newman attacked by the Indians, who clipper of 4000 tons, and the largest merwere repulsed, with the loss of 30 warriors, chant vessel in the world, was launched among them three principal chiefs and at East ]oston, Mass. their young king. 1854. The greater part of the town of 1813. American general HARRISON at- Memel, a Prussian seaport, was destroyed tacked by the Indians, at Chatham, whom by fire, including its churches, customhe repulsed, and pursued four miles. He house, bank, and court-houses; loss estitook on this occasion 2,000 stand of arms, mated at $5,000,000. a quantity of clothing, and several cannon; also three vessels laden with munitions. 1814. SAMUEL JACKSON PRATT, a once OCTOBER 5. popular English novelist and miscellaneous writer, died. 678. JUSTIN II, emperor of the east, 1815. CHRISTOPHER PHILIP OBERKAMPF died. He was a w-:ak prince, but had a died; founder of the manufactory of print- wife to govern him and the empire with ed linens at Jouy, and of the cotton manu- ability. facture of Essonne, in France. He com- 610. PHOCAS, a Chalcedonian noble who menced a small business under great dis- seized on the empire of the east by the advantages, and in a short time collected murder of the emperor Maurice and his a population of 1500 in a spot which had children, beheaded by Heraclius, governor been almost a desert. His manufactures of Africa, who conspired against him. became of so much importance to the 1056. HENRY III, emperor of Germany, country, that the king granted him letters died. After making war against Poland, of nobility, and a statue was decreed him Hungary and Bohemia, he passed into by the council-general, a mark of gene- Italy, expelled three popes, and was rosity which he declined. crowned by a fourth. 1821. JOHN RENNIE died; a celebrated 1540. ELIAS EoBANUS died; an elegant Scottish civil engineer and mechanist. The German scholar and good poet. canals, bridges, and other public works in 1555. EDWARD WATTON, an English England, attest his abilities. physician, died. He took his decree at 1830. YORK, count von Wartenburg, a Padua and practiced' with great success in Prussian field-marshal, died. He was one London. He is said to have been the first of the most distinguished generals in the who paid particular attention to. natural wars against Napoleon. history. 1830. The independence of Belgium de- 1571. CLAUDE D'ESPENCE, an eloquent dared by the central committee at Brus- French ecclesiastic, died. sels: " The provinces of Belgium, vio- 1582. The Gregorian, or new style, com 388 EVERY, DAY BOOK. [Oct. 5. menced in Spain, Portugal and part of first day of the revolution, although the Italy, this day being accounted the 15th. object of the meeting was to prevent such 1675. bpringfield, Mass., attacked by the a catastrophe. Indians. The Springfield Indians had so 1803. The Constitution and Nautilus anresolutely resisted the persuasions of Philip chored in the bay of Tangiers, within half to join his exterminating expeditions, that a mile of the circular battery, and amused the inhabitants felt the greatest security. the emperor of Morocco with the sound of They were not aware of any defection, their guns. This procured the release of till news was received from Windsor that the American consul, who had been con300 of Philip's Indians were concealed in fined to his house, guarded by two sentitheir fort. The timely arrival of forces nels; and also the discharge of the Amerifrom the neighboring towns alone saved can brig Hannah, of Salem, which had the village from entire destruction. been wrongfully seized at Mogadore. 1690. Sir WILLIAMPHIPPS arrived before 1804. A British squadron under Corn. Quebec with a British force. He sum- Moore attacked and captured Spanish moned the place on the following day, but ships La Medee 42 guns, La Fama 36 guns, the French governor, count Frontenac, re- and La Clara 36 guns; a frigate of 36 guns, fused to surrender; the fleet being dis- La Marcedes, blew up, on board of which persed in a storm, the expedition failed in were several families returning to Spain, consequence. 280 men, and $811,000. On board the 1710. An expedition of British and captured ships were found, besides a very provincials appeared before Port Royal, in valuable cargo of merchandise, 2,538,885 Canada, with 5 frigates and a bomb ketch. dollars, 3,593 bars tin, and 774 pigs The force being equal to its reduction, copper. Subcrease, the French govarnor, only 1805. CHARLES CORNWALLIS, governorwaited the compliment of a few shot and general of India, died. Although overshells as a decent pretence for surrender, thrown at Yorktown, his character for when the place fell into new hands, and courage, prudence and sagacity was unafwas called Annapolis in honor of the fected, and he was afterwards sent as civil queen. and military governor to Ireland. 1733. Zenger's Weekly Journal (2d paper 1813. Battle of the Thames; the comat New York), was issued. bined British and Indian forces under 1740. JOHN PHILIP BARATIER, a German Proctor and Tecumseh, defeated by the youth of most extraordinary genius, died Americans under general Harrison. On at the age of 20. At the age of 4, besides this occasion the celebrated Tecumseh was his native language, he spoke French and slain, as was believed in a personal renLatin; at 6 Greek; at 8 Hebrew. He ac- counter with colonel R. M. Johnson; the quired also various branches of learning, latter received five wounds in this battle. and prepared a large work on Egyptian American loss 7 killed, 22 wounded. antiquities. 1813. Action on lake Ontario between 1759. Battle of St. Francis, an Indian the American fleet under commodore village on the St. Lawrence, in lower Cana- Chauncey, and the British squadron; five da. Innumerable expeditions had been schooners of the latter were captured, and fitted out from this place to massacre and one sloop burnt. plunder the English settlements in New 1821. CLAUDIUS JOHN RICH, a learned England, and the village was enriched by English orientalist, died at Shiraz, in Perthe scalps taken at those times. Major sia, a victim to his ardor in the pursuit of Rogers, an intrepid soldier, with 200 science. He wrote Memairs of.Ancient rangers, was despatched by general Am- Babylon, whose ruins he explored with inherst from Crown point to destroy the defatigable industry. Ilis manuscripts, place. After a fatiguing march of twenty- coins and gems were purchased by governone days he came upon the village when ment, and are deposited in the British the savages were holding a dance, and Museum. made a grand assault at break of day, after 1825. BERNARD GERMAIN STEPHEN DE their own manner. The Indians were LACEPEDE, a French naturalist, died. He taken so unexpectedly that little resistance was unmolested during the reign of terror, could be made. and Bonaparte heaped honors upon him. 1763. AUGUSTUS III, king of Poland, He holds a high station among modern died. naturalists. 1768. Great hurricane at Havana, de- 1835. HORTENSE EUGENIE, duchess of stroyed 96 public edifices, and 4,048 St. Leu and ex-queen of Holland, died. houses; 1,000 inhabitants perished almost She was the daughter of Josephine by her instantaneously. first husband, and married Louis Bona1789. The estates general of France met parte. at Versailles. This was indisputably the 1839. Destructive fire in Philadelphia, Oct. 5.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 389 destroyed 52 buildings; said to have been and general Draper, took Manilla, the capithe greatest fire ever known in Philadel- tal of the Philippine islands, by storm. phia. Several ships and a large quantity of mili1839. A fire at Aikin, S. C., destroyed tary stores fell into their hands. The town 36 houses and stores, forming the whole was ransomed by four millions of dollars. business portion of the village. 1767. FRANCIS WISE, an English divine 1847. The first election of officers in Li- and antiquary, died. His researches led beria, under the new constitution, took to the publication of several learned works. place. Gov. Roberts was chosen president 1777. The British under sir Henry Clinof the republic. ton, about 3,000 men, attacked and carried. 1853. MAHLON DICKERSON, a New Jersey forts Clinton and Montgomery, defended statesman, died, aged 83. He filled a great by governor Clinton. The post having variety of public offices with distinguished been designed principally to prevent the ability. passing of ships, the works on the land 1855. WILLIAM HENRY PERCY, a British side were incomplete and untenable, and rear admiral, died at London, aged 67. were carried by the bayonet. Most of the 1855. THOMAS LIVINGSTON MITCHELL, sur- garrison effected their escape, with the loss veyor-general of New South Wales, died, of 300; British lost about an equal number. aged 63. He surveyed the battle fields of Count Grabouski, a Polish nobleman in the Peninsular war, in which he served, the American service, was killed. and was knighted in 1839 for his discover- 1778. WILLIAM WORTHINGTON died; an ies and surveys. English prelate and theological writer of 1855. Two asteroids, being the 36th and merit. 37th, were discovered, one by Luther, at 1780. HENRY LAURENS, who had been Bilk, the other by Goldsmith, in Prussia. taken on his passage from America to Holland, was committed to the tower of London for high treason. He was afterwards liberated. OCTOBER 6. 1783. Treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States proclaimed. 877. CHARLES II (the Bald), of France, 1789. LAFAYETTE preserved the royal poisoned. He succeeded to the French family from the popular excitement. The crown 840, and was elected emperor by king was then conducted to Paris, where the pope 875. The feudal government may he accepted the " declaration of the rights be said. to have begun under him. of man." 1274. The English parliament restrained 1794. British, general Graham, surrendusury. The Jews In consequence were ered Guadaloupe by capitulation to the obliged to wear a badge. French. 1285. PHILIP III (the Bold), of France, 1794. Fall of the mountain party in the died. He was proclaimed king while in French national convention. Africa with his father on a crusade, where 1802. SIMON DE MAGISTRIS died at Rome; he defeated the Saracens, and concluded a well known for his deep acquaintance with truce with them for 10 years. the Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and whose 1470. HENRY VI, of England, released services to literature were liberally refrom the tower of London and again pro- warded by the pope. claimed king. He was imprisoned the 1813. Moravian town, on the river second time in the following year and Thames, destroyed by the Americans under murdered. general Harrison, after which he marched 1552. IVAN IV, czar of Russia, took the to Detroit, where peace was negotiated city of Kazan, and added that kingdom to with a number of vanquished tribes of his empire. Indians. 1713. The Englishman appeared, con- 1821. ALEXANDER MURRAY, a distinducted by the same authors as The Specta- guished naval officer, died. He fought in tor, but was more political in its character. 13 battles in the army and navy during the 1748. The British under admiral Bos- war of the revolution. On the organizacawen raised the siege of Pondicherry, in tion of the navy under the new governHindostan, after a loss by battle and sick- ment, he was one of the first officers reness of 1,065. Loss of the French garrison called into service. To the highest firm200, and 50 sepoys. ness and resolution he united a remarkable 1761. WILLIAM PITT, the British states- mildness and serenity of temper. man, having resigned the ministry, a pen- 1836. WILLIAM MARSDEN, a learned Engsion of ~3,000 was settled upon him for lish orientalist, died. He published a three lives, and the title of baroness of dictionary and grammar of the Malayan Chatham conferred upon his wife. language, and other works of acknow1762. The British under admiral Cornish ledged merit. 390 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 6. 1839. JESSE BUrFL, an eminent agricul- defeated with the loss of 25,000 killed, turist. died. He was several years mem- 10,000 taken, and all their great commandber of the legislature and a candidate for ers slain, and 200 galleys taken or degovernor of New York in i836. He was sfroyed. The Christians lost about 10,000 also a practical printer, and had filled the men. This was the greatest sea fight of office of printer to the state. He was a modern times, and being the first signal useful citizen, and highly esteemed in victory achieved over the Turks, diffused public and private life. the greatest joy over Christendom. 1841. A revolution in Mexico; Santa 1577. GEORGE GASCOINE, a celebrated Anna entered the capital at the head of English poet in the time of Elizabeth, 10,000 men; displaced Bustamente, and died. He served with credit in the wars established himself at the head of the of the Low Countries; and wrote the first government. English comedy in prose. 1843. JAMES LEONARD CATHCART died 1612. GIOVANNI BATTISTA GUARINI, a at Washington, aged 77. He entered the celebrated Italian poet, died. The Pastor continental navy at an early age, was a Fido has immortalized his name. midshipman during the revolution, and 1651. JAMES SIRMOND died; a French was captured by the Algerines and held Jesuit and a voluminous theological writer. eleven years in captivity. He turned his 1681. NICHOLAS HEINSIUS (the Swan of knowledge of that country to good ac- Holland), died. He was eminent as a count afterwards in the service of the statesman, poet and critic. government in quelling piracies, &c. 1708. Battle near Lesno, between 40,000 1848. Insurrection in Vienna; the em- Russians under Peter the great, and 16,000 peror with his family left the city, escorted Swedes under Lewenhaupt, wlho was by a few troops. marching with men and supplies to relieve 1853. SIMEON GREENLEAF, a distinguish- Charles XII. He was defeated after five ed law teacher, died at Cambridge, Mass., engagements, which were fought in three aged 70. His law works attest his dili- days, and reached Charles with only 5,000 gence and ability in his profession. men. The Russians took 5,000 carriages, 1857. SAMUEL HUESTON, for many years and much of the artillery and baggage. publisher of the Knickerbocker Magazine, 1753. Sir DANVERS OSBORN arrived at died in New York. New York from England, to supersede Clinton as governor of the province. (See Oct. 12.) OCTOBER 7. 1759. JOSEPH AMES, a celebrated typographical historian, died. He was origin929. CHARLES III (the Simple), of France, ally a ship chandler, who late in life took died. His abilities were unequal to his to the study of antiquities, and became station; he was defeated in battle by Hugh, secretary of the society of antiquaries. and confined seven years in prison, in the 1763. The king of France, viewing the castle of Peronne, where he died. extensive and valuable acquisitions in 1492. The ship Nina, rigge.1 with lat- America secured by the treaty with Great teen sails and usually ahead of the others, Britain, granted letters patent under the supposing she had discovered land, hoisted great seal, to erect within the countries her flag and fired a Lombardo. This was and islands ceded to him, four distinct and soon found to be an illusion; the insub- separate governments, namely, Quebec, ordination broke forth among the crews, East Florida, West Florida, and Granada. when Columbus, with the two Pinzons, 1765. First congress of American colocommanders, was compelled to enter into nies met at New York. an agreement with those murmurers, to re- 1777. Second battle of Stillwater, which turn in case land was not discovered in was an attempt of the British to secure a three days. retreat to the lakes. Darkness put an end 1521. Date of king Henry VIII's diplo- to the action, after the Americans had ma from the pope as Defender of the gained decisiveadvantages. A greatnumFaith, for his treatise De Septem Sacra- ber of the enemy were killed; 200 taken, mentis. including several officers of distinction; 1565. THOMAS CHALONER, a noted Eng- 9 cannons and the encampment of a Gerlish ambassador, died. He wrote a work man brigade, with all their equipage. on The right ordering of the English Repub- The loss of the Americans was inconsiderlic, and has the honor of having disco- able. British general Frazer and lieutenvered the first alum mines in England. ant-colonel Breyman were killed. 1571. Battle of Lepanto, a naval action 1780. Battle of King's mountain, South between the Turks, and Venitians assisted Carolina, in which 300 British were killed by the Germans and Spaniards under Don and wounded, and 800 prisoners, and John of Austria. The Turks were utterly 1500 stand of excellent arms taken. Maj. Oct. 7.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 391 Ferguson, who commanded the British, 1841. FREDERICK JOHN, lord Monson, was killed, gallantly defending his post., died, aged 32; a patron and amateur of 1787. HENRY MELCHIOR MUEHLENBERG art, alover of literature and science, and a died; pastor of the first Lutheran church truly benevolent and public spirited man. in Pennsylvania, and distinguished for his A journal of his Tour in Germany was prilearning. vately printed in 1839, and some beautiful 1788. JOHN BROWN, an English physi- views of the passes of the Tyrol were cian, died; known as the founder of the drawn on stone from his sketches. Brunonian system of medicine, which 1841. Revolutionary movement in Spain classes all diseases under two heads, those in favor of Christina and absolute governof deficient and those of redundant excite- ment. By the prompt movement of the ment. regent Espartero the insurrection was en1792. GEORGE MAsoN, a distinguished tirely quelled, and general Diego Leon was Virginia statesman, died at his domain of executed. Gunston hall. 1849. EDGAR A. POE, favorably known 1794. ANTOINE JOSEPH GORSAS, a Giron- as an American poet and magazine writer, dist, guillotined at Paris. He was a school died at Baltimore, aged 37. master, a man of letters, and the editor of 1849. Louis BATTHYANYI, prime minisa paper, through which he became one of ter of Hungary, was shot at Pesth, at the the first instigators of the revolution, and sole urgency of general Haynau. actively promoted some of its important 1850. Disunion meetings were held at events. Natchez and Yazoo city, at both of which 1794. Bois-le-duc, one of the strongest the disorganizing resolutions were opposed bulwarks of the famous Dutch barrier and voted down. along the left bank of the Meuse, surren- 1854. CALEB BUTLER died, aged 78; dered to the French revolutionary army; principally known by his history of the by which several other fortresses were town of Groton, Mass. hemmed in and rendered useless. 1795. JOHN GEORGE ZIMMERMAN, a Swiss philosopher, died at Hanover, where he OCTOBER 8. was first physician to his Brittanic majesty. His work on Solitude is a popular book in 66. CEsTIUS, the Syrian prefect, in his our own language. fatal retreat, was defeated by the Jews at 1796. THOMAS REID, professor of moral the pass of Bethhoran. Nero received this philosophy at Glasgow, died, aged 89; disastrous news at Achaia, and called in highly distinguished as a mathematician Vespasian. and metaphysician. 451. Fourth cecumenical council assem1807. BONAPARTE called for a second bled at Chalcedon, where the heretic Euconscription of 80,000 men for this year. tyches was finally condemned. 1810. Coimbra in Portugal, held'by the 622. MAHOMET made his public entry French, was attacked by the British under into Medina. He was mounted on a she colonel Trant and carried. Trant took 80 camel, and an umbrella shaded his reveofficers and 5,000 men prisoners, mostly rend shoulders. sick and wounded. 1200. JOHN, king of England, and his 1812. Battle of the Moskwa. The new queen, Isabella, were inaugurated. French army of 150,000 under Napoleon The devil was to be released at that year's was opposed by a Russian army of about close, said the lipticians on the canon. the same number, under Kutusoff. The 1202. The Venetian crusade sailed, unattack began early in the morning and con- der Boniface, of Montferrat. tinued until late in the afternoon, when 1635. JOHN WINTHROP, son of the gothe Russian army retreated, no pursuit be- vernor of Massachusetts, arrived from Enging made by the French; while the field land with a commission from the patentees of battle was strewed with 50,000 dead as " governor of the river Connecticut, and and dying. The Russians acknowledged places thereto adjoining," bringing men, a loss of 25,000, among whom was Bagra- ordnance, ammunition, and ~2000 sterling tion. for the erection of a fort. 1840. WILLIAM I, king of the Nether- 1636. JOHN EVERARD, better known by lands, published a proclamation announc- his bibliographical name, Johannes Secuning his voluntary abdication of the throne dus, a Dutch Latin poet, died. His works in favor of his son William IL. He is said have gone through many editions, and to have retired with a private fortune of the- Kisses of Johannes Secundus have been nearly forty-three millions of dollars, and translated into various languages. He also abdicated in consequence of his determi- distinguished himself by his skill in paintnation to marry the countess d'Oultremont, ing, sculpture, and engraving. a lady of the Roman catholic faith. 1684. GERAUD DE CORDEMOI died; a 392 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 8. French academician, and a great partisan tannica, will carry down his name with of Descartes' systems. distinguished reputation to posterity. 1729. RICHARD BLACKMORE, an English 1809. JAMES ELPHINSTONE, a Scottish physician, died. He was an indefatigable grammarian, died. He undertook the rewriter, and has left a great number of formation of English orthography by spellworks, theological, poetical, and medical. ing words as they are pronounced. 1744. JOHN BALCHEN, a celebrated Eng- 1820. HENRY CHRISTOPHE, king of Hayti, lish admiral, perished at sea, in the Vic- shot. He was a slave, and served in the tory man-of-war, 110 guns, and 1100 sea- American war. His activity in the revomen, all of whom were lost. lution of the slaves in the island of St. 1754. HENRY L'IELDING, an eminent Eng- Domingo, led to his elevation. lish novelist, died, aged 48. 1822. Eruption of mount Galongoon, in 1755. The remains of Braddock's army, the island of Java.. It commenced at 2 o'in 33 transports, passed the city of New clock in the afternoon of a fine day, by a York on their way to winter quarters at loud explosion, which was followed by a Albany. thick cloud, that wrapped the whole coun1767. BURCHARD CHRISTOPHER DE MU- try in darkness, while immense columns of NIcaE died; a German who learned the art mud, boiling hot, and mixed with burning of war under Eugene and Marlborough, brimstone, were projected from the mounand distinguished himself in the service tain like a water spout, with such prodiof Peter I of Russia. gious violence, that large quantities fell at 1774. Congress resolved to support Mas- the distance of 40 miles. The destruction sachusetts, if the acts of parliament were was at its height at 4 o'clock, and had attempted to be carried into execution by ceased at 5, having in the short space of force. The general court of Massachusetts three hours, laid a fruitful and thickly met at Salem on the same day, although peopled country under a crust of boiling general. Gage had ordered them not to as- mud, in some places to the depth of sixty semble, resolved themselves into a pro- feet. Five millions coffee trees were devincial congress, and chose John Hancock stroyed, 87 canals, numerous rice fields, president. 114 villages, and upwards of 4000 inhabit1785. L'EVESQUE DE BURIGNY, a French ants. The scene presented a bluish, halfauthor, died, aged 94. He wrote a work liquid waste, where bodies of men, women on the authority of the pope, a learned and children, partly boiled and partly history of pagan philosophy, and several burned, were strewed about in every vaother works, historical and biographical. riety of death. It was followed by a rain 1785. The Lounger appeared at Edin- storm of four days' duration, which inunburgh, conducted principally by Henry dated the country, when another eruption Mackenzie. took place, more violent than the first. 1791. A jury at Sudberry, England, not 1822. The first boats passed from the being able to agree, oppressed by hunger, west and the north, through the Erie and broke open the doors and went home. Champlain canals, into the tide waters of 1792. PIETRO ANTONIO CREVENNA, an the Hudson at Albany, amidst the acclaItalian bibliographer, died. He collected a mations of thousands of spectators. choice library, which he sold by auction 1831. Great earthquake in South Amein 1790. The learned catalogues of his rica. The town of Arica was utterly ruinbooks, prepared by himself and others, ed, and the shock was felt along the coast, have given to the works which belonged including seven degrees of latitude, shak-. to him, great value, ip the eyes of ama- ing to its centre the immense breadth of teurs, and the catalogues themselves have the main Cordillera. It was attended by bibliographical authority. a violent vertical movement of the earth, 1793. JOHN HANCOCK, the master spirit during about 70 seconds, which threw of the American revolution, died. He was down or shattered the houses, and in some president of the congress which issued the cases pieces-were detached from the middeclaration of independence, and his name die of walls, leaving the rest of the edifice stands out in bold relief on that docu- uninjured. ment. 1832. OTHO proclaimed and installed 1793. Lyons, in France, surrendered to king of restored Greece, at the palace of the republicans, and a most terrible mas- Preysing, in Bavaria. sacre of the inhabitants ensued. The 1837. CHARLES FOURIER, founder of the convention decreed that the walls should system of social and industrial reform be razed, and Lyons called La ville affran- which bears his name, died at Paris. chie. 1841. JOHANN IIEINR1CH DANNECKER, the 1795. ANDREW KIPPIS, a very celebrated Nestor of German sculptors, died at StuttEnglish biographer, died. His connection gardt, aged 82. with the publication of the Biographia Bri- 1848. Trhe populace of Vienna, which had Oct. 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 393 been in a state of insubordination two listr lawyer, died; celebrated for his elodays, became calm, and the emperor was quence, integrity and public spirit. invited to return. 1705. JOHN CHRISTOPHER WAGENSEIL 1851. The Hudson river rail road was died; a learned German polemical writer, opened throughout, from New York to and professor of history and oriental lanAlbany. guages at Altorf. 1853. THOMAS CHILDS, one of the bravest 1707. A fleet of English merchantmen and most distinguished officers in the attacked off the Lizard point; the DevonUnited States army, died at Tampa bay. shire man-of-war blown up. 1854. GIDEON TOMLINSON, a Connecticut 1711. The British fleet returning from statesman, died, aged 74. its unsuccessful expedition against Canada, 1854. The steam boat E. K. Collins, arrived at Portsmouth, N. H., when in from Saut St. Marie to Cleveland, took fire addition to their other misfortunes, the on the lake and was burned, by which 23 Edgar 70 gun ship blew up, having on persons lost their lives. board 400 men besides many persons who 1855. SAMUEL DICKINSON HUBBARD, some- came to visit their friends. time post master general of the United 1718. RICHARD CUMBERLAND, a learned States, died at Middletown, Ct., aged 55. English divine and mathematician, died. 1855. The grand jury in New York city 1733. Seven hundred British troops returned indictments against several city withdrawn from Gibraltar to defend the officers, for corruption and malversation in planters of Jamaica from their runaway office. slaves. 1745. Ath surrendered to the French after a severe and destructive bombardOCTOBER 9. ment. This gave France the command of Flanders. 1047. CLEMENT II, pope, died. He was 1747. DAVID BRINARD, an eminent Amea Saxon, elected the year previous, and rican missionary among the Indians, died distinguished for his zeal against Simony. at Northampton, a victim to his extreme 1192. King RICHARD of England em- mortification and inextinguishable zeal for barked from Palestine in a single ship for the success of his mission. He rode about Europe. 4,000 miles in 1744, on pastoral duties. 1253. ROBERT GREATHEAD, bishop of 1747. JONAS SURRINGTON died near BerLincoln, and a learned and voluminous gen in Norway, aged 159, retaining the writer, died. perfect use of his faculties to the last. 1326. HUGH SPENCER, a favorite of Ed- 1759. The architect SMEATON finished ward II, hanged at Bristol, which city he the Eddystone light house; not an accidefended against the forces of queen Isa- dent occurred to sadden the joy. bella. 1760. Berlin in Prussia, taken and sack1555. JUSTUS JONAS died; a learned ed by the Russians and Austrians. coadjutor of Luther and the other reform- 1772. CHRISTIAN JACOBSON DRACKENers, and author of a Defence of the Marriage BURG died at Aarhus, Denmark, aged 146; of the Priests, and other works. " a celebrated and well-known character." 1563. GABRIEL FALLOPIUS, a celebrated 1779. The people of Manchester rioted Italian physician and anatomist, died at on account of Arkwright's machinery for Padua. He possessed great powers of spinning. mind, which he cultivated by intense 1779. The French and Americans, about application. 4,500 men under count d'Estaing and Gen. 1642. The first commencement was held Lincoln, made an unsuccessful assault upat Harvard college, when nine candidates on Savannah, and were compelled to retook the degree of A. B. treat with considerable loss. The brave 1646. The whole order of English bish- count Pulaski was mortally wounded in ops abolished by an ordinance of parlia- this affair. (Holmes says Oct. 11.) ment. 1781. The French and Americans open1665. Gov. STUYVESANT submitted to ed their batteries upon the British at the states general his report in relation Yorktown. to the surrender of New York to the Eng- 1791. ABRAHAM J. LANSING, the original lish. proprietor of Lansingburgh, N. Y., died, 1682. HENRY BLOUNT died; an English aged 72, at his seat in that town. traveler, who made the tour of Europe and 1803. Deluge in the island of Madeira; part of Asia, and published an account of the city of Funchal, with all its inhabitants, his travels on his return. was swept into the ocean, leaving the 1688. CLAUDE PERRAULT, a distinguish- rocky basis of the island bare. But one ed French physician and architect, died. human being escaped, which was an in1690. JOHN MAYNARD, an eminent Eng- fant. The event is supposed to have been 50 394 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 9. occasioned by a water spout, which had pall and Great Britain, by admiral sir burst against the side of a mountain, and James Stirling. discharged itself down the declivities upon the city. 1805. Battle of Guntzburg; the Aus- OCTOBER 10. trians under prince Ferdinand, defeated by the French under Bonaparte, with the 432 B. c. Battle of Potidaea, on its reloss of 2,000 prisoners, besides killed and volt from the Athenians, in which Socrates wounded. and Alcibiades were nobly distinguished 1806. Battle of Schleitz in Saxony; for their prowess and friendship. In that 10,000 Prussians defeated by Bernadotte; year Anaxagoras, Phidias and Aspasia being the recommencement of hostilities were prosecuted, the first for his impiety. between the French and Prussians. 324. CONSTANTIUS, the second and fa1809. Great storm at Boston and vici- vorite son of Constantine, was installed by nity, by which a vast number of vessels his father ccesar of the Gallic provinces. were lost. 1571. " The field of Tulliangus was 1812. Lieut. ELLIOTT, of the United stricken" between Adam Gordon and ArStates navy, with 50 volunteers, attacked thur Forbes, brother of lord Forbes, where and carried two British vessels, the Cale- the said Arthur was slain, with sundry donia and Detroit, on lake Erie. One of others of his kin; on the other side John these was burnt, with a cargo valued at Gordon of Buckie, with divers hurt on $200,000. both sides. A Scottish foray. 1813. British broke up their canton- 1582. The new style adopted in France, ments before fort George, and marched this day being made the 20th. rapidly for Burlington bay. 1615. Battle between Champlain and 1822. RICHARD EARLOM, an English en- the Iroquois, in western New York. graver of great skill, died. His flower 1632. THOMAS ALLEN died; an Englishpieces are highly valued. man illustrious for his knowledge of 1826. CHARLES MILLS, an eminent Eng- mathematics and philosophy. He publish historian, died. His histories of the lished, among other works, the second and crusades, of chivalry and of Muhamme- third books of Ptolemy on the judgment danism, are valuable acquisitions to lite- of the stars. rature. 1706. PAUL PEZRON, a learned French1831. CAPO D'ISTRIAS, president of man, died. He occupied himself with Greece, assassinated by one of his own the study of the Greek and Latin histocountrymen. rians, and in tracing the origin of the lan1836. JAMES SAUMAREZ, an English ad- guage of the Goths, and made up a new miral, died; distinguished in the naval system of chronology. history of his country, and eminent for 1710. DAVID GREGORY, an eminent Scothis private virtues. tish mathematician, died. He displayed 1842. JOSHUA STOW, sometime chief great powers in the elements of optics, judge in Middlesex county court, Conn., and physical and geometrical astronomy, died at Middletown. improving the discoveries of others by 1845. DAVID BAILLIE WARDEN died at new and elegant demonstrations. He proParis, aged 67. He was a native of Ire- posed to publish all the works of the anland, was sometime consul of the United cient mathematicians, but did not live to States at Paris, where he collected a valu- finish the series. able library of American history, was a 1742. Sixtyv persons killed by the fallmember of the French academy, and a ing of the roof of the church in Fearn man of letters and varied learning. Russhire, in the time of worship. 1847. Sweden abolished slavery in the 1744. JOHN HENRY SCHULZE, a German island of St. Bartholomew and all her de- physician, died; professor of medicine at pendencies. Halle, and author of a history of medi1849. TIMOTHY DWIGHT SPRAGUE, editor cine from the creation to the year of Rome of the.American Literary Magazine, died 535. at Andover, Mass., aged 30. 1747. JOHN POTTER, primate of England, 1849. A riot in Philadelphia, between a died. Besides theological and other works set of whites called killers, and some ne- he wrote Antiquities of Greece, two vols., groes. It was continued the next day, which have passed through several ediuntil put down. Four houses were burn- tions. ed, 4 persons killed, and 11 wounded. 1747. British fleet of 14 ships, admiral 1854. WILLlAMDARBY, an eminent Ame- Hawke, engaged the French fleet under rican geographer and statistician, died at M. de Letender, and captured 7 ships of Washington, aged 79. the line, and a 50 gun ship. 1855. A treaty was ratified between Ja- 1772. WILLIAM WILKIE died; a Scottish Oct. 10.1 EVERY DAY BOOK. 395 divine and poet, and professor of philoso- 1806. Sanguinary battle at the bridge of phy at St. Andrews. Saalfeld in Saxony; the French under 1774. Battle between the Americans, Suchet defeated the Prussians, and their 1400 men, from Virginia, under colonel general, prince Ferdinand Louis, was Lewis, and about 600 Ohio Indians. The killed. Indians made the attack; 400 of the Vir- 1812. Veraya, in Russia, garrisoned by ginians were killed and 100 wounded. the French, taken by the Russians under 1775. British general GAGE sailed from Dorochoff; 500 French were killed and Boston for Great Britain, and the com- 400 captured. The standard of Westphamand of the army devolved upon general lia and 500 muskets were taken, and Howe. the place having been made a depot for 1775. Louis NICHOLAS VICTOR MuYS, provisions, great quantities fell into the minister of war and, marshal of France, hands of the Russians. died. He signalized himself at several 1824. FRANCIS BALTHAZAR SOLVYNS, a important engagements, which led to his celebrated Dutch painter and engraver, promotion. died. He spent 15 years in Hindostan, 1780. Hurricane in the West Indies, studying the languages, manners and cuswhich continued about 48 hours. Several toms of the east, on which he published towns were leveled with the dust, and a work in folio. many thousand persons lost their lives. 1832. JAMES STEPHEN, an English statesSeveral hundred vessels in the different man and philanthropist, died. He sugports were driven to sea or dashed to pieces. gested and arranged the whole system of 1783. HENRY BROOKE, an eminent Irish continental blockade, which for a long writer, died. His tragedy of Gustavus time occasioned great embarrassment to Vasa, though forbidden the stage for its Bonaparte. tone of freedom and liberty, met with a 1834. THOMAS SAY, an eminent naturalrapid sale. ist, died at New Harmony. He early 1787. The Prussians under the duke of abandoned his mercantile pursuits to deBrunswick took the city of Amsterdam by vote himself to the study of nature. Percapitulation. It is said that before the haps no man has done more to make surrender water sold for an English shil- known the zoology of this country than ling a quart. he. 1792. Lord MULGRAvE died at Liege, 1836. MARTHA RANDOLPH, last surviving aged 48. He was captain Phipps in the daughter of Thomas Jefferson, a lady of British service, and was celebrated for his distinguished talents and virtues, died in voyage towards the North pole. Albemarle county, Va., aged 70. 1794. Battle of Fersen, or Mackowieze, 1840. The Egyptian army under Ibrabetween the Russians and the Poles under him Pacha and Soliman Pacha defeated Kosciusko. The contest was bloody and near Beyrout, in Syria, by the allied Britfatal to the patriots. The victory was wa- ish and Turkish troops under Selim Pacha, vering, and the expected reinforcements com. Napier and colonel Hodges, with the not appearing, Kosciusko at the head of loss of 7000 men. his principal officers, made a furious charge 1841. JOHN BAYLEY, a noted justice of and plunged into the midst of the Rus- the King's bench and baron of the exsians. He had three horses killed under chequer, died in England, aged 78. him, and finally fell covered with wounds, 1841. CARL FREDERICH SCHINKEL, the and was captured. most eminent architect in Prussia, died at 1797. CARTER BRAXTON died; a signer Berlin, aged 61. of the declaration of independence from 1849. -A memorial for the annexation of Virginia. Canada to the United States, received in 1800. Explosion of an infernal machine five hours the signatures of 300 merchants, intended to have destroyed Bonaparte, land owners, and professional men, at then first consul, as he proceeded to the Montreal. opera. The coachman being intoxicated, 1849. The initial point of the boundary drove faster than was his custom, and the line between the United States and Mexico engine exploded half a minute after the settled, and a monument with inscriptions carriage had passed, killed 20 persons, and erected in north latitude 320 31' 59"'.58, wounded 53, and shattered the windows and in longitude 1190 35' 0".15 west from on both sides of the street. Greenwich. 1806. JEREMIAH JAMES OBERLIN, an emi- 1854. GORDON DRUMMOND, a British offinent archeologist of Strasburg, died. He cer who saw much service in the war with was an accurate and industrious scholar, the United States in 1812, died in London, and besides various original works, pub- aged 82. He commanded the British lished good editions of several of the troops at the battle of Niagara. Latin classics. 396 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 11. endowed numerous charitable instituOCTOBER 11. tions. 1736. Great storm on the river Ganges; 1347. Louis V, emperor of Germany, 300,000 lives are supposed to have been killed by a fall from his horse. This event lost. prevented a new civil war, which threat- 1750. JOHN BAPTIST JOSEPH LANGUET ened the happiness of Germany. died; the celebrated vicar of St. Sulpice 1441. The government of Venice pro- at Paris, who refused all preferments, and hibited the printing and vending of play- devoted the revenues which he collected ing cards by foreigners in those domin- to the institution and support of judiions. ciously planned charitable establishments. 1492. CoLUMBUS discovered the Bahama 1752. THOMAS STACKH6USE, a learned, islands, his first discovery of land. pious but necessituous divine, died. 1521, LEo X issued a decree, conferring 1776. The Americans under general Arupon Henry VIII of England the title of nold attacked on lake Champlain by the Defender of the Faith. British under captain Pringle. Arnold 1531. ULRICUS ZUINGLIUS, an able and lost two gondolas taken and one blown up, zealous Swiss reformer, killed in a skir- and was forced to retreat, owing to the inmish with his popish opponents. feriority of his force. 1611. JOHN COWELL, an English law- 1779. Several individuals who had voyer and antiquary, died; author of some luntarily remained in King's bench prison, works on the law. London, for the purpose of letting their 1612. The remains of MARY, queen of rooms, were turned out. Scots, removed to a vault in Henry VIII's 1790. HENRY CULLEN, an eminent phychapel, where a most magnificent monu- sician of Edinburgh, died. ment was erected to her memory. 1791. The bank of Providence, the first 1614. Charter granted to "the United bank in Rhode Island, began to discount. New Netherland company," giving it the 1797. Battle off Camperdown, between exclusive right to visit and trade with the the British fleet, 17 vessels, admiral Duncountries in America, lying between the can, and Dutch fleet, 23, admiral Winter. 40th and 45th degrees of north latitude. The Dutch were defeated with the loss of This country was now for the first time 9 ships. called New Netherland. ~ 1808. JOHN PAGE, governor of Virginia, 1643. JOHN DU VERGER DE HAURANE died; a patriot, statesman and philosodied; an eminent French ecclesiastic, who pher. formed a new system of faith, which be- 1817. ANDREW PICKENS, a distinguished coming popular, drew upon him the re- revolutionary officer, died, aged 78. He sentment of Richelieu. commenced his military career in the 1698. Treaty between England, France French war which terminated in 1763. He and Holland, for the partition of Spain. was one of those who indefatigably kept 1698. WILLIAM MOLYNEUX, an eminent up the spirit of resistance in South CaroIrish mathematician, died. He was ar- lina, till the enemy was expelled. dently devoted to science, founded the 1820. The printers of London went in philosophical society of Ireland, and in- grand procession to Brandenburgh house vented a telescope dial. to present an address to queen Caroline. 1702. Battle of Vigo; the British admi- It was printed on white satin, and was a ral Rooke attacked the French fleet and superior specimen of typographical skill. Spanish batteries. The French destroyed 1837. SAMUEL WESLEY, a distinguished 8 ships, and the British burnt 6 galleons English musician, died. "His composirichly laden with goods and plate, valued tions are grand and masterly; his meloat 14,000,000 pieces of eight; they also dies sweet, varied and novel; his harmorazed the fortifications, and brought off 10 nies bold, imposing, unexpected and ships of war and 11 galleons, with 7,000,- sublime; his resources boundless." 000 pieces of eight. 1841. WILLIAM LIDDIARD, an admired 1705. WILLIAM AMONTONS, an eminent and popular English writer in prose and French mechanic, died. He suggested verse, died at Clifton, aged 68. some improvements in barometers and 1841. GEORGE MAIlRS, an eminent preachthermometers, and invented a method of er of the Associate reformed presbyterian communicating intelligence, which has church, died at Argyle, N. Y., aged 81. since been adopted under the name of 1846. Great hurricane in Havana, which telegraph. began on the previous evening, wreck1709. Mons taken by the allies. ed or severely injured nearly 100 vessels, 1727. EDWARD COLSTON, an English destroyed 1275 houses, and injured as philanthropist, died. He acquired wealth many more. by commerce with Spain, with which he 1848. The Hungarian army advanced Oct. 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 397 to within six miles of Vienna; their vi- 73, at Minchester, England, endowing the dettes being visible from the city towers. city with munificent bequests. 1855. The propeller Arctic and the 1711. King CHARLES III, of Spain, electbarque Release, under command of Lieut. ed emperor of Germany at Frankfort, by Hartstene, forming the arctic expedition in the name of Charles IV. search of Dr. Kane and his companions, 1716. LUDOLF KUSTER, a learned German arrived in New York, bringing with them critic, died. the objects of their search. 1753. Sir DANVERS OSBORNE, who had arrived at New York on the 7th to succeed Clinton as governor of the province, was OCTOBER 12. found in the morning suspended by the neck in the garden, and dead. 638. HoNORIUS I, pope, died. He pre- 1764. RENE MICHAEL SLODTZ, an eminent sided over the church with great zeal and French sculptor, died. wisdom. 1793. St. Domingo ceded by its inhabit1303. BONIFACE III (Benedict Cajetan), ants to the British. pope, died. His ambition and insolence 1798. British fleet, admiral Warren, inwere unbounded, and he hurled the thun- tercepted the French fleet and captured ders of the Vatican against the kings of several ships laden with troops and stores France and Denmark; but the former de- destined for Ireland. Theobald Wolfe spising his threats, had him seized. Tone, the founder of the united Irishmen, 1307. All the knights templars in was on board, and taken. France ordered to be arrested, and on the 1822. The independence of Brazil, under following day the grand master, the temp- don John, was proclaimed. lars and all their possessions were seized. 1834. THos. S. GRIMKE, of South Caro1424. JOHN DE TROEZNOU ZISCA, a fam- lina, died of an attack of cholera. He disous Bohemian patriot, died.. He was the tinguished himself in a speech against the formidable general of the Hussites, who test oath of his native state. undertook to avenge the death of their 1842. BARTLETT BENNETT, one of the leader; he also defended his country early pioneers of Kentucky, and a baptist against the emperor Sigismund, and per- preacher, died at Cincinnati, aged 99. formed prodigies of valor after he had lost 1851. LEWIS WARRINGTON, an American both his eyes. commodore, died, aged 69. His services 1428. The siege of Orleans commenced, in the Tripoli war and the war of 1812 memorable as one of the most extraordi- made his name familiar to the American nary incidents in history. people, as a brave, energetic and skillful 1492. COLUMBUS landed on the island of captain. Guanahani, of which he had seen the first 1851. SAMUEL BEAZLEY, a distinguished twinkling on the previous night; thus in English architect died, aged 66. He was the space of 36 days completing a voyage not only the designer of more theatres which he had been 20 years in projecting, than any other modern architect, but also which opened to Europeans a new world, a dramatic compiler. which enlarged the empire of Spain, and 1855. General WALKER took possession stamped with immortality the name of of Grenada, with a loss to the enemy of 15 Columbus. killed and several wounded. 1573. Great naval victory of the Dutch over the Spaniards. 1576. MAXIMILIAN II died. He was elect- OCTOBER 13. ed king of the Romans 1562, and afterwards succeeded his father as king of 49. TIBERIUS DRUSUS CLAUDIUS, emperor Hungary and Bohemia, and emperor of of Rome, died of poison administered by Germany. his wife. He succeeded Caligula, and be1621. PETER MATTHIEU, a French histo- came contemptible for his vices and weakrian, died. He was historiographer tot he ness. king, and wrote the history of France, and 409. Irruption of the Vandals into Spain, of several of the French kings. who, dividing her prolific territories, turn1646. FRANCIS BASSOMPIERRE, marshal ed their swords into ploughshares. of France, died; a distinguished statesman, 643. OswY, of - Northumberland, and whom Richelieu confined 10 years in the 10th king of Britain, ascended the throhe. Bastile, during which he wrote his own The great controversy for the celebration memoirs. of Easter, was decided by him. 1649. The fall and massacre of Wexford 1164. The great council opened at Northunder Oliver Cromwell. ampton, England, for the trial of Thomas 1653. HUMPHREY CHETHAM, a great pa- Becket, by whose sentence he was placed tron of learning and libraries, died, aged at the king's mercy. 398 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 13. 1269. The bones of Edward the Confess- 1822. ANTONIO CANOVA died; the most or enshrined in gold. eminent sculptor of the age. His statues 1417. GREGORY XII (Angelo Corario), are in possession of the noble and the rich pope, died, aged 92. He was elected dur- throughout Europe. ing the schism of the west, while the oppo- 1828. VINCENT MONTI died; one of the site party supported Benedict XIII. They most celebrated poets of modern Italy. were both deposed, and another elected. 1836. JACOB SPENCER, a revolutionary 1503. THEODORE BEZA, a learned French pensioner, died at Washington, N. J., aged protestant, died. He was professor of nearly 100. He had had seven wives, and Greek at Lausanne, in Switzerland. left but one child living. 1515. Battle of Marignon, in Italy; the 1845. DOUGLAS HOUGHTON, state geoloSwiss defeated by the French under Fran- gist of Michigan, died, aged 36. He was cis I. prosecuting a combined geological and 1698. The French missionary GERBILLON, linear survey of the region near lake Sureturned to Pekin from his eighth and last perior, on a plan suggested by himself. journey, from thence into Tartary, jour- 1845. W. K. ARMISTEAD, a general offinals of all which are published in Du cer in the United States service, died at Halde's History of China. Upperville, Va., aged about 60. He had 1705. The parliament of Scotland con- served long in the engineer department, vened for the last time. and in 1840-41 had chief command in the 1754. JACOB POWELL died at Stebbing, campaign against the Florida Indians. England. He weighed five hundred and 1846. Right honorable HENRY STEPHEN sixty pounds. His body was five yards in Fox, late her Britannic majesty's minister circumference, and his limbs were in pro- plenipotentiary to the United States, died portion. He had sixteen men to carry at Washington, D. C. He was much rehim to his grave. spected as well for his prudence and urbane 1771. JOHN GILL, an eminent English manners, as for his decision and diplomatic Calvinistic divine, died. He was a learned talent. orientalist and voluminous writer on theo- 1847. A body of 200 German catholics logical subjects; his greatest work is a met at the Tabernacle, in New York, and commentary on the Bible. made a public and formal secession from 1777. Esopus, on the Hudson river, the Romish church. burnt by the British under general Vaugh- 1853. TRISTRAM BURGESS, a Rhode Isan; not a house escaped. land statesman, died, aged 83. He stood 1782. Battle in Persia for the sovereignty, in the front rank of the public men of his between Abdul Fatcan and Murat Kan, the day. lord regent. The latter and his three sons 1853. THOMAS KEMPER DAVIS died at were slain, and Abdul caused himself to Boston. He stood high in his profession be proclaimed king. as a lawyer, and having acquired a fortune, 1793. The allies under Wurmzer invest- devoted himself to and became learned in ed Landau, and carried the lines of Weis- English and classical literature. sembourg; the French retreated with loss. 1854. Howard college, at Marion, Ala., 1797. BENJAMIN HAMMETT fined ~1,000 destroyed by fire. sterling, for refusing the office of lord mayor of London. 1812. Battle of Queenston, in Canada; the Americans, under colonel Van Rensse- OCTOBER 14. laer, attacked and carried the heights and fort; but owing to the refusal of 1,200 1066. Battle of Hastings, and defeat of militia to cross over to their support, and Harold by William of Normandy, which the arrival of British regulars and Indians placed the latter upon the throne of Engfrom fort George, the Americans, to the land. The battle lasted from morning till number of 764, were obliged to surrender. sunset. William had three horses killed General Brock was killed in this affair, and under him, and there fell about 15,000 Van Rensselaer was wounded by four balls. Normans; but on the side of the vanAmerican loss, 90 killed, 82 wounded. quished, the loss was much greater, and 1815. JOACHIM MURAT, king of Naples, included Harold and his twobrothers, who shot. He was a soldier of fortune, who were slain. emerged from obscurity during the French 1066. The first earl created in England. revolution, became a distinguished general Alfred in 920 used this word as king is in the armies of France, married a sister of now used. Napoleon, and was placed upon the throne 1292. EDWARD I, of England, declared of Naples. John Baliol king of Scotland. 1815. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE landed at 1519. The Spaniards under Cortez enSt. Helena, a perpetual exile. tered without opposition the strong and Got. 14.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 399 populous city of Cholula, where a plot was feated by the Austrians under marshal laid for their destruction, but which re- Daun, with the loss of 7,000 men, all their suited in a terrible massacre of the inha- tents, and baggage, &c. James Keith, a bitants. brave and experienced Scottish general, 1529. A placard appeared at Brussels, who had distinguished himself in the whereby all such as had any prohibited memorable wars of the king of Prussia, books in their custody, not brought forth was killed, and general Geist mortally to be burnt, should be put to death. wounded. 1537. JANE SEYMOUR, third queen of 1761. Volcanic phenomenon seen at Henry VIII, died. Great Malvern in Worcestershire, Eng. 1644. Birthday of WILLIAM PENN, the 1781. Two British redoubts at Yorktown first proprietor of Pennsylvania, son of ad- taken, and included in the second parallel, miral sir William Penn. which greatly facilitated the subsequent 1645. Battle of Basing, in which Crom- operations of the besiegers. well at the head of the parliamentary 1783. ANTONIO NIUNES RIBEIRO SANCHEZ, forces stormed and took, after an action of an eminent Portuguese physician and only three-quarters of an hour, the fort- writer, died. ress of Basing house, which the royalists 1791. GREGORY ALEXANDER POTEMPKIN, considered almost impregnable. There a Russian statesman, died. He was dewas immense booty taken with the place, scendedfroma Polish family, was the favorof every kind. The plunder of treasure ite of Catharine, and her minister of war. and furniture amounted to more than $1,- 1805. Battle of Ulm; the French under 000,000; in one room was found a bed Bonaparte captured the bridge and the which cost nearly $6,000. The mansion Austrian position of Elchingen. was set fire to and destroyed, with most of 1806. Battle of Jena, or Auerstadt, in the valuable paintings, papers, &c., by the Saxony, between the French under Bonaroundheads, who acted up to the scrip- parte and the Prussians under king Fredeture, " cursed is he that doeth the work of rick William. The Prussian line extended the Lord negligently." 18 miles, and numbered 150,000 strong; 1656. Act of the Massachusetts authori- the total number of men engaged on both ties, prohibiting the immigration of quak- sides was over 250,000, and the number of ers, and subjecting such as should arrive cannon employed over 700. The Prusto 20 lashes, and imprisonment at hard sians were defeated with the loss of 20,000 labor until transported, and if they re- killed and wounded, and 40,000 taken turned to suffer death. prisoners; together with 300 cannon, and 1660. PAUL SCARRON died; an eminent immense magazines of stores. The French French comic writer and satirist. admitted a loss of only 1,200 killed and 1660. HUGH PETERS, chaplain to Oliver 3,000 wounded. Cromwell, hanged at London. His death 1813. BONAPARTE arrived at Leipsic, in was the result of the most infamous trial Germany, having in the course of four on record. He was 7 years in New Eng- days assembled there an army whose numland as minister, first at Salem then in the hbers are variously stated at from 150 to Great church at Boston. 400,000 men, with 600 cannon, and com1734. Birthday of FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT manded by the ablest generals of the age. LEE, a distinguished statesman and signer 1831. LoUIS PONS, an eminent Italian of the declaration of independence. The astronomer, died at Florence. day of his death is not known. 1836. JAMES WILD, an English geo1736. GEORGE CLARKE delivered his first grapher, died; distinguished for his nuspeech to the assembly, as governor of the merous maps and charts. province of New York; and consented to 1841. HEYER embarked at Boston for introduce the practice which has ever since India, as the first missionary of the Luprevailed, of absenting himself from the theran church in the United States. He council while they sit as a branch of the established a mission at Guntoor. legislature. 1842. Grand celebration in New York of 1747. Six ships of war taken by admiral the completion of the Croton water works; Hawke off the the isle of Aix. more than 15,000 persons joined in the 1756. JOHN HENLEY, an eccentric English procession. writer, died. He acquired the appellation 1843. A check was put on the progress of orator Henley, and entertained the public of Irish agitation by the arrest of Daniel by theological orations on Sundays, and O'Connell and his son on a charge of conpolitical and miscellaneous subjects on spiracy and other misdemeanors. Wednesdays; also by a weekly paper 1845. WILLIAM PRIDGEN died, in Bladen called The Hyp Doctor. county, N. C., aged 123. He was a volun1758. Battle of Hochkirchen; the Prus- teer in the revolutionary army, although sians under their king Frederick II, de- even then exempt from service by his age. 400 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 15. His grand children were aged people at the defeated the prince of Brunswick, who time of his death. had a horse killed under him, and lost 1850. The convention for amending the 1,600 men, chiefly British troops. constitution of Virginia assembled at Rich- 1764. GIBBON says that on this day, as mond. he sat musing among the ruins of the 1854. HUGH A. GARLAND, an eminent Roman capitol, while the barefooted friars lawyer of St. Louis, died; author of a life were singing vespers in the temple of Jupiof John Randolph. ter, he first conceived the idea of writing 1854. SAMUEL PHILIPS died at Brighton, the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. England, aged 39. He was some time the 1778. PULASKI'S infantry surprised in literary reviewer for The Times and author the night by the British, and 50 killed, of Readings on the Rail. including baron de Bose. The timely arrival of Pulaski with the cavalry alone saved them from utter destruction. OCTOBER 15. 1783. PILATRE DE ROZIER, the first aerial adventurer, made his first ascension from 55 B. c. TITUS LUCRETIUS CARUS, one of a garden in Paris. The balloon was of an the best of the Latin poets, died. oval shape. 1564. ANDREAS VESALIUS, a celebrated 1793. Battle of Tirlemont; the French Dutch anatomist, died. He revived the defeated by the Austrians under Clairfait, study of anatomy in Europe, which had with the loss of 2,000 killed, and 24 canbeen neglected; and impeded by the pre- non, &c. judices of ignorance. 1793. Battle of Maubege; the French 1608. Birthday of EVANGELISTE TORRI- under Jourdan defeated the prince of CoCELLI, the Italian mathematician, and in- laurg, being his first defeat in a pitched ventor of the barometer. battle, and compelled him to repass the 1634. About sixty men, women and Sambre. children, with their horses, cattle and swine 1797. Celebration at Mantua of the commenced a journey from the vicinity of birthday of the poet Virgil, when handBoston, through the wilderness to Con- some dowries, raised by voluntary contrinecticut river. After a tedious journey of butions among the " friends of learning fourteen days through swamps and over and rural felicity," were distributed among mountains and rivers, they arrived at the fifty poor girls, who were the same day place of their destination, and commenced married to fifty industrious but poor young the settlements of Hartford, Windsor and men. Weathersfield. 1806. PAUL JOSEPH BARTHEZ, a learned 1644. GABRIEL DU PINEAU, an eminent French physician, died. He founded the French avocat, died; celebrated for his celebrated medical school at Montpellier, genius and eloquence; his counsel was and acquired so great reputation that he often sought by the court, and he acquired became a member of almost every learned the title of father of the people. society, and some of his works were trans1651. JOHN OWEN, an eminent English lated into most of the European languages. divine, died. His works amount to 7 1808. JAMES ANDERSON, an eminent vols. folio, 20 quarto, and 30 octavo. Scottish writer, died. His first literary 1651. King CHARLES II, who since his productions were on agriculture, which defeat at Worcester had wandered about produced a greatly increased attention to from one royalist family to another, sleep- the subject. His learning and research ing in their barns at night and concealing were conspicuous in the various subjects himself in the woods by day, escaped to on which he wrote, and he was an original France. A large oak on which he fre- and accurate thinker. quently stood in the woods near White- 1812. Action between United States friladies, obtained the name of the royal oak. gate President, commodore Rodgers, and 1671. JOHN AMOS COMENIUS, an eminent British packet Swallow; the latter was German protestant divine and grammarian, captured, with nearly $200,000 on board. died. 1814. Skirmish between detachments of 1711. The Edgar, admiral Hovenburgh's the armies of the American generals Brown ship, blown up with 400 seamen on board, and Izard, each of whom had advanced to the officers being on shore. reconnoitre the British works. Four men 1728. BERNARD DE LA MONNOYE, an ele- were killed before the mistake was disgant French poet, died. He also wrote in covered. Greek, Latin and Italian. 1838. LETITIA ELIZABETH MCLEAN (bet1743. JOHN OZELL, an indefatigable Eng- ter known as L. E. L.), died at Cape-Coast lish writer, died; he is immortalized by castle, Africa, of which settlement her Pope in the Dunciad. husband was governor. Her writings con1760. Battle of Campen; the French sist of poems and novels. Oct. 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 401 ander Col. Abercrombie, at Yorktown, OCTOBER 16. forced two American batteries and spiked 11 cannon; but the guards from the 1529. The Turks under Solyman aban- trenches immediately repulsed them and doned the famous siege of Vienna. restored the cannon. In the afternoon 1555. HUGH LATIMER and NICHOLAS RID- the Americans opened several batteries in LEY, English bishops, burnt at Oxford. their second parallel; and in the whole 1586. PHILIP SIDNEY, an English states- line of batteries nearly 100 pieces of heavy man, soldier and scholar, died of a wound ordnance were now mounted. The works received at the battle of Zutphen. of the besieged were in no condition to 1660. HUGH PETERS, a famous English sustain the fire which might be expected prelate, executed for conspiring, with next day. Cromwell, the king's death. 1783. The inhabitants of Canada were 1678. CAESAR EGASSE DU BOULAI died; surprised by a very extraordinary phenoregister and historiographer of the univer- menon. About 2 o'clock P. M., an unsity of Paris, of which he wrote a history usual darkness, equal it is said to the in 6 vols. folio. darkest night, took place. Its approach 1679. ROGER BOYLE died; an eminent was instantaneous. This continued about Irish general, statesman and writer. 40 minutes, when there was a short inter1725. RALPH THORESBY died; an emi- val of light, but soon was succeeded by nent English topographer and antiquary. darkness, horrible as before, though not 1725. First newspaper published in New of so long duration. The whole is said to York. have continued upwards of an hour, and 1726. The public granaries plundered to have extended, more or less, throughby the turners of Cornwall for want of out the province. provisions. 1793. The French convention consti1756. Battle of Pirna; the Saxons de- tuted death only an eternal sleep! It was feated by Frederick II, of Prussia, with afterwards restored, however, to its originthe loss of 17,000 prisoners. al condition! 1760. NICHOLAS D'AssAs, a French offi- 1793. MARIE ANTOINETTE, queen of cer, killed at Klosterkamp. On going out France, and sister of the emperor of Austo examine the posts, he was captured, tria, guillotined. She was tried and conand threatened with immediate death if demned at 4 o'clock in the morning, draghe alarmed his regiment. Without a mo- ged to the scaffold in an open tumbril, ment's hesitation he summoned all his amid the scoffs and insults of the populace, strength, and exclaimed " Onward Au- and beheaded at the age of 38. verne! here is the enemy 1" The threat 1793. JOHN HUNTER, a very eminent was immediately executed, but the patriot British surgeon and anatomical writer, had gained his object; the attack was un- died. From a humble assistant of his successful. A pension of 1,000 livres was brother he became the first surgeon in the decreed to his family forever. world, both in theory and practice. 1767. BURCHARD CHRISTOPHER MUNICH, 1796. VICTOR AMADEUS, king of Sara German officer in the service of Russia, dinia, died in his 71st year, and 23d of his died. He was promoted by Peter I and reign. Anne; banished by Elizabeth to Siberia, 1806. Erfurt, the capital of Upper Thuand recalled by Peter II, after an absence ringia, surrendered to the French; 14,000 of 20 years, when he appeared at court in prisoners, 28 cannon, and immense magathe same sheepskin dress which he had zines of stores were taken. worn in his exile. 1813. Battle of Leipsic, between the 1774. ROBERT FERGUSON, an excellent French under Bonaparte, Ney, Murat, &3., Scottish poet, died at the age of 24 in a and the allies under Blucher, Benningsen, lunatic asylum. Bernadotte, &c. It was a conflict between 1778. Pondicherry, after a gallant resist- the best disciplined armies, commanded ance by the French, surrendered to the by the ablest generals in the world. Night British. alone put an end to the carnage, and the 1779. The fortress of St. Fernando de armies retired to rest on the ground which Omoa, in the bay of Honduras, taken by they occupied in the morning. The numthe British by assault. In the fort was ber of men engaged was 150,000 French found 250 quintals of quicksilver, and on and 230,000 allies. board the vessels 3,000,000 piasters. 1817. THADDEUS KoscIUSKo, the famous 1780. The town of Royalton, Vt., was Polish' general, died in Switzerland; one attacked by a party of 300 Indians of vari- of the noblest characters of his age. ous tribes from Canada, and many of the 1836. FRANcIs J. M. REYNOUARD, an houses burnt. eminent French philologist, died. He was 1781. A sortie consisting of 360 men one of the conductors of the Journal des 51 402 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 16 Savans, distinguished as a scholar, poet, whom Oates gave evidence of the popish historian, philologist and archaeologist. plot against the king of England, was 1837. MATTHIEU DUMAS, peer of France, found in a field with his sword through a lieutenant-general in the French army, his body; verdict of the jury was, that and an old companion in arms of Lafay- he had been strangled. ette, died at Paris, aged 84. 1683. An assembly of the representa1839. DEASE and SIMPSON accomplished tives of the freeholders of the province of an expedition which established the fact New York, first met in assembly under of a north-west passage, and gave to the governor Dongan. world some new and interesting discover- 1740. The Czarina ANNE, empress of ies respecting the geography of the north- Russia, died. ern coast of America, and the arctic re- 1748. Peace ofAix-la-Chapelle, between gions. The intervening space between England, France and Spain. The British the discoveries of Parry and Ross were took, during the war, 1,249 Spanish and traversed, and a curious point of science 2,185 French prizes; total 3,434. The established; yet it can not be supposed Spaniards captured 1,360, and the French that the passage can ever be of thesmallest 1,878 British vessels; total 3,238. utility to navigation. 1758. ROLAND MICHAEL BARRIA DE GA1842. BENJAMIN EATON, said to have LISSONIERE, a French admiral, died. After been the last survivor of Washington's serving with distinction in the navy, he life guard, died at Cuddeback, Orange co., was made governor of Canada. N. Y., aged 85. He joined in the pursuit 1758. JOHN WARD, an English dissentat Lexington, and served till 1779, with ing minister, died; remembered for the an absence of only 20 days. assistance he rendered to many of the 1848. The emperor of Austria issued a learned works of his day. proclamation against Vienna, and appoint- 1775. Two men and eleven horses killed ed count Windischgratz to command his by the lightning which proceeded from a armies in Austria. volcanic steam cloud of the Katlagia burning mountain, in the island of Iceland. 1777. BUJaGOYNE, after losing 3,461 men OCTOBER 17. at Stillwater and other places, surrendered the remainder of his army (5,752), to the 940. ATHELSTAN, king of England, died. Americans under Gen. Gates, conditioned He was bountiful, wise and affable; as- not to serve again in North America during cended the throne at the age of 30; be- the present contest. Thus was extinguishcame distinguished by the titles of con- ed an army of 9,213 men, including volqueror and faithful, and left behind him a unteers. The army of Gates amounted to name of great renown, respected at home 10,557 effective men. and abroad. 1781. Several new batteries were open1346. Battle of Nevil's Cross; the Scots ed by the Americans in the second parallel, under king David Bruce signally defeated against Yorktown. In the judgment of by the English under Philippa and lord Cornwallis and his engineers, the place Percy. Bruce was taken prisoner and was no longer tenable; and in a letter to 15,000 of his men slain. Washington he requested a cessation of 1492. COLUMBUS named the more civil- hostilities to prepare for a capitulation. ized island Fernandino, now Largo. The 1781. EDWARD HAWKE, a brave and inmen wore cotton mantles, and the wo- trepid English admiral, died. men a band of that manufacture round 1793. Battle of Cholet, the Vendeans the waist. defeated by the French. The actions of 1509. PHILIP DE COMINES, an excellent Hagenaul and Brumpt took place on the French historian, died, leaving behind him same day, in both of which the allies deMemoirs of his Own Times. feated the French. 1552. ANDREW OSIANDER died; a Bava- 1797. Treaty of Campio Formio between rian, one of Luther's first disciples; a Bonaparte and the emperor of Austria. professor at Konigsburg, and a voluminous 1803. Agra in Hindostan taken by the writer. British. 1616. JOHN PITS, an English biographer, 1805. Ulm surrendered by the Austrian died. He collected the lives of the kings, general Mack to Bonaparte, and was debishops, apostolical men and writers of livered up on the 20th. The archduke England in four large volumes. with a corps of 17,000 Austrians effected 1662. The seaport Dunkirk, in France, his escape the night before by a masterly sold to the English for five million livres. piece of generalship, leaving 40,000 beThe annual charge of the place (~120,000) hind who became prisoners to the French. far exceeded its intrinsic importance. 1806. Battle of Halle; prince Eugene of 1678. EDMUNDBURY GODFREY, before Wirtemburg defeated by the French under Oct. 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 403 Bernadotte; 34 cannon and 5,000 prison- read in churches, reviving in England, ers were taken. wakes, lawful sports and recreations, after 1806. JACQUES DESSALiNES, the black divine service on sabbaths. emperor of Hayti, assassinated. 1744. The duchess dowager of Marl1829. The Delaware and Chesapeake borough died in her 85th year. leaving canal opened. many legacies. She was the famous Sa1834. Both-houses of the British parlia- rah Jennings in queen Anne's days. ment destroyed by fire. They were not 1757. RENE ANTHONY FERCHAULT DE very remarkable for elegance or conveni- REAUMUR, a French philosopher, died. He ence; but with them was destroyed the gave a new construction to the thermomecelebrated tapestry that hung upon the ter which bears his name, and wrote much walls of the house of lords, representing on the various branches of natural philothe defeat of the famous Spanish armada, sophy. a relic of great value in the eyes of the 1770. JOHN MANNERS died; an English antiquary. nobleman, who distinguished himself at 1837. JOHN HUMMEL, an eminent music- the head of the British forces in the Geral composer, founder of the modern school man war, under Ferdinand of Brunswick. of pianoforte music, died at Weimar, in 1775. The Americans took Chamblee, in Germany. Canada, and for the first time captured the 1848. Vienna in a state of siege; the British colors; they also took 4 tons of imperial troops drawn.close around the powder. city, and deputations passed from the diet 1775. Falmouth, a town in the northat Vienna to the emperor at Olmutz. east part of Massachusetts, burnt. The inKossuth withdrew the Hungarian army habitants had obstructed some British within their own frontier. movements, whereupon an armed vessel 1853. A party of 45 men under colonel was sent to reduce the town to ashes. Of Walker, sailed from San Francisco for the the dwelling houses, 139 were burnt, and purpose of establishing a republic in low- 278 stores. er California. 1783. FRANCIS XAVIER D'OLIVEYRA, a 1854. The allies opened their first fire Portuguese statesman, died in England. from the fleet and batteries upon Sebasto- 1783. The American army disbanded by pol. The loss of the Russians was 500 proclamation. killed; of the allies 90, and 300 wounded. 1799. Treaty for the evacuation of Holland by the British and Russians. 1799. Three British frigates captured the OCTOBER 18. Spanish galleon Santa Brigida, 36 guns and 320 men, with 1,500,000 Spanish dol447 s. c. Battle of Coronea; {he Bceo- lars on board, and a cargo of merchandise, tians gained a great and most important ivory, &c., of equal value. victory over the Athenians. Clinias, the 1801. The Batavian republic again difather of Alcibiades, and Tolmides, fell. vided into the old provinces; the legisla33. AGtRIPPINA, the virtuous wife of ture was diminished to 35 deputies; the Germanicus Caesar, died in exile of starva- executive power extended to a council of tion. She was banished after the death of twelve men. her husband. ~ 1806. The French under Davoust took 1216. JOHN (Lacdand), king of England, possession of Leipsic, in Saxony. They died, aged 47. No prince in English his- found there 15,000 quintals of flour, and tory has been transmitted to posterity in British goods to an immense amount; sixty darker colors; ingratitude, cruelty, and millions were offered as a ransom for the perfidy, were habitual in his character. latter. 1547. JAMEs SADOLET, a polite and learn- 1809. Battle of Salamanca; the Spaned Italian writer and cardinal, died. iards defeated the French under Ney, and 1564. CaptainJoHN HAWKINssailedfrom forced them to fall back with the loss of Plymouth, England, with four sail for the 1,500 men. African coast; which was the first slave 1811. The ladies of Cadiz formed a sotrade adventure, and the opening of that cjety to supply the wants of the Spanish infernal commerce. The negroes were sbldiers. taken to Hispaniola, and sold to the Span- 1812. Action between the United States lards. sloop of war Wasp, 18 guns, captain Jones, 1605. JOHN RIOLAN died; a Paris physi- and British sloop of war Frolic, 22 guns; cian and writer on anatomy and medicine. the latter captured in 45 minutes, with the 1631. Corn made a legal tender in Mas- loss of 30 killed, 50 wounded; Wasp had sachusetts, unless money or beaver were 5 killed, 5 wounded. Same day British expressly stipulated. ship Poictiers, 74 guns, came up with and 1633. A royal declaration ordered to be captured both of them, the Wasp being 404 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 18. too much damaged in her rigging to es- revolution, and the last survivor of the cape. Jersey line, died at Bridgeton, aged 91. 1812. Battle of Poltosk; the Russians 1844. Destructive gale at Buffalo, carryunder Witgenstein and Steingel attacked ing away part of the pier which protected the French and Gerthans under St. Cyr, the harbor, sinking vessels, and submergand compelled them to retire within their ing a part of the city, by which more than entrenchments. fifty lives were lost. 1812. Battle of Garalavitz; the Russians 1849. LEONIDAS WETMORE, an officer in under Benningsen defeated the French, the U. S. infantry, died on board a steam 50,000, under Murat, killed 2,500, took boat in the Mississippi. He was actively 1,000 prisoners, 38 cannon, 40 ammunition engaged in the Florida war, and particiwagons, and a large amount of spoil, be- pated in most of the hard fought battles of sides the great standard of honor belong- the Mexican campaign. ing to the regiment of cuirassiers. 1850. DANIEL CLARK SANDERS, formerly 1812. The French abandoned the city president of the university of Vermont., of Moscow; Napoleon, on learning the de- died, aged 82. He published a history of feat of Murat, determined to march to his the Indians, and kept a meteorological resupport with the whole French army. gister to the day of his death. 1813. Sec6nd day's battle of Leipsic; 1852. Commodore McCAuLEY, commandthe two great armies had paused one day er of the United States naval forces in to prepare for this grand contest. The the Pacific, by proclamation, withdrew his forces of Napoleon were not less than 180,- protection from American vessels proceed000; those of the allies had been swelled ing to the Lobos islands for guano. to near 300,000. The carnage was fearful, 1854. FRANCIS BURT, governor of the and the French were compelled to yield territory of Nebraska, died at Bellevue, before an overwhelming superiority of aged 45. He was a native of South Caronumbers. The loss of Bonaparte on this lina, and resigned the office of third auditor day, including defections and prisoners, of the treasury at Washington for the was not less than 80,000 men, 200 cannon, governorship, which he held hardly two and an immense amount of baggage. weeks after his arrival. 1813. THEODORE KOERNER, the German poet, was killed in the battle of Leipsic. He is particularly celebrated for the spirited poems which he composed in the OCTOBER 19. campaign against Napoleon, in which he fell. 202 B. c. Battle of Zama, in which Han1814. Union of Norway and Sweden. nibal was defeated by Scipio. 1815. BONAPARTE, the exiled emperor of 125 B. c. The era of Tyre began, with France, with his suit, landed at St. Helena. the month Hyperberetoeus. The months 1817. STEPHEN HENRY MEHUL, an emi- are the'same as those used in the Grecian nent French musical composer, died. era; the year similar to the Julian. 1827. The last lottery authorized by the 1453. The fall of Bordeaux, after a siege British government, drawn in London. In of seven weeks, when Guienne, an Engthat lottery there were six prizes of $133,- lish province, was incorporated with the 200 dollars each. French monarchy. 1833. Captain JOHN ROSs, who left Eng- 1492. COLUMBUS discovered the island land in 1829 in search of a north-west of Isabella.' passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific 1608. GEOFFREY FENTON, an eminent ocean, returned on this day, after an ab- English writer, died. He served queen sence of four years, and when all hopes of Elizabeth in Ireland, where he was prohis return had been given up. moted. 1840. The ceremony of the exhumation 1619. JAMES ARMINIUS, founder of the of the body of Napoleon Bonaparte was Arminians, died. He was professor of diperformed at St. Helena, with great parade, vinity at Leyden; his writings are all on in order to be conveyed to Paris. The controversial and theological subjects. body, which had been embalmed by Frerih 1630. First general court of the Massaphysicians previous to interment, in 1821, chnsetts colony held at Boston. Many of was found in a state of complete preserva- the first planters attended and were made tion. (See Dec. 15.) free of the colony. The number of free1841. A great flood of the Thames, men this year was 110. caused by a succession of northerly gales; 1640. ALBERTUS MIRMUS, a learned Gerthe water rose much higher than during man writer, died. the inundations of 1821 and 1828, and 1645. Newcastle in England, a fortress much property was destroyed. of considerable strength, taken by the 1843. EBENE.ER ELMER, an officer of the Scots under Leven. The place had been Oct. 19.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 405 besieged ten weeks when the Scottish gen- return of the king had not lessened the eral directed a furious cannonade against price of bread. The great barbarity shown the walls; at nightfall the besiegers ad- by the actors in this affair called down on vanced to the onset, and after two hours' them the severity of the national guards hard fighting at the breaches, forced their under Lafayette. entry. 1794. Battle of Puffleck; the duke of 1655. The kirk of Scotland refused to York defeated by the French under Picheobserve the fast day ordered by the pro- gru. The emigrant legion under Rohan tector, on the ground that the church wore cut to pieces. should receive no directions from civil 1806. HENRY KIRKE WHITE, an admired magistrates when to keep fasts. English poet, died, aged 21. 1660. Colonels AXTEL and HACKER exe- 1807. WILLIAM GORDON died; an Engcuted for the murder of Charles I of Eng- lish author of a history of the American land. Axtel commanded the guard that revolution, &c. attended the king to the scaffold. 1810. The French burned all British 1675. Attack on Hadley, Mass., by the merchandise in the country. Indians to the number of seven or eight 1812. Second battle of Poltosk; the hundred. Nearly all the towns on that French defeated and compelled to retreat river had been either totally destroyed or with great loss. greatly injured during this season by the 1812. BONAPARTE, at the head of the savages. They attacked this place in all French army, left Moscow. The palquarters, but were so warmly received at ace of the Kremlin blown up. all points, that after burning a few barns 1813. Last day's battle of Leipsic, in which and outhouses, they hastened away as fast above half a million of men and at least as they had come on. The town happen- 2000 cannon were engaged in the work of ed to be garrisoned, and the companies death. The French emperor finding it in stationed at the neighboring towns hasten- vain to stem the torrent of so vast a supeed to their relief. This was the last at- riority of force as now bore down upon tempt upon these settlements this sea- him, began a retreat, which was disastrous son, the Indians retiring to their gene- in the extreme. The only bridge by which ral rendezvous at Narragansett. Great the army could cross was blown up, leavnumbers of them had been killed, and ing 25,000 men to surrender at discretion. a greater number had perished by other On arriving at Erfurt, Bonaparte found his means. army reduced to 80,000; having lost by 1682. THOMAS BROWN, an eminent Eng- death and defection since the campaign lish physician and writer, died. opened, 200,000. 1690. ISAAC BENSERADE, a French poet, 1814. Battle of Lyon's creek; the Amedied. ricans, 900 men, under general Bissell, 1745. JONATHAN SWIFT, the eccentric attacked by a select Btitish corps of 1200 dean of St. Patrick's, died, aged 78, in a men, who were compelled to retreat. state of idiocy, leaving ~10,000 to found a 1825. GIROLAMO LUCCHESINI, a Prussian hospital for lunatics and idiots. minister of state and author, died. He 1749. WILLIAM GED, an ingenious Scot- combined the qualities of an experienced tish artist, died; memorable for a new courtier with the practical knowledge of invention in the art of printing, called a statesman, was learned without pedantry, stereotyping. ~ and possessed a great memory. 1762. Dark day at Detroit; "one of the 1826. FRANCIS JOSEPH TALMA, an emidarkest days that ever was known." nent French tragedian and writer, died. 1763. A patrol of horse commanded by He was a man of great natural talent, and sir John Fielding, established on the roads esteemed by men of rank and talent; he leading to London, to clear them of rob- was a great favorite with Napoleon. bers and highwaymen. 1842. The town of Monterey in Cali1769. A terrible eruption of Vesuvius. fornia was captured by the United States 1780. Engagement at Palatine Bridge, squadron under commodore Jones, under N. Y.; colonel Brown killed. the belief that war existed. But it was 1781. CORNWALLIS surrendered to the soon restored to Mexico. French and American army at Yorktown. 1845. HANNAH GOUGH died in New Above 7000 prisoners, the military chest, York, aged 110. a frigate, with a number of transports and 1847. A volcano burst forth with great the public stores, and 1500 seamen, fell violence on one of the high peaks of Lookinto the hands of the captors. The allied out mountain, in the Alleghanian chain, in army consisted of 7000 French, 5500 con- Georgia. tinental troops, and 3500 militia. 1847. The corner stone of a monument 1789. FRANgOIS, a baker in Paris, mur- to the memory of general Washington laid dered in the street by a mob, because the in the city of New York. 406 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 20. 1848. The Mormon temple at Nauvoo 1786. A basket maker contrived by a was fired by an incendiary, and totally singular scaffolding of twigs to bring down destroyed. the weathercock from the old abby church 1849. FREDERICK STRICKLAND, a young of St. Albans, in England. Englishman, son of Thomas Strickland, 1796. The university of Oxford and the bart., perished in the snow near the Notch marquis of Buckingham each presented house, in New Hampshire. 2000 copies of the Bible for distribution 1852. A decree of the president issued among the French clergy. for the convoking of the French senate 1799. Rome capitulated to thje English. for the purpose of deliberating on the 1807. The ports of Portugal shut against restoration of the empire. British shipping. 1853. ICHABOD BARTLETT, a New Hamp- 1807. Copenhagen evacuated by the shire statesman, died at Portsmouth, aged British, who brought off the stores in the 67. arsenal, amounting to 92 cargoes, and the ships of war. OCTOBER 20. 1814. PHILIP ASTLEY, founder of the royal amphitheatre, London, died, aged 480 B. C. The battle of Salamis is, by 72. He served seven years in Germany, respectable authority, placed upon this in the English cavalry, and on his return day. (See Sept. 30.) began to exhibit equestrian performances. 1422. CHARLES VI of France, died. He erected several amphitheatres in EngHe succeeded to the kingdom at the age land and Paris, wrote a treatise on horseof 13, and during a reign of 42 years the manship, and two works of a military kingdom, by foreign invasions and inter- character. nal factions, was ruined, and passed into 1815. Great hurricane at Jamaica, which the hands of the English. continued 3 days and wrecked one hun1524. THOMAS LINACRE, a learned Eng- dred vessels. lish physician and divine, died. He was 1826. BoIssY D'ANGLAS, died at his the best Greek and Latin scholar of his residence in France, whose name is so age, and founded the college of physi- closely interwoven with the French revocians. lution. He was a member of the council 1579. The Scottish parliament decreed of 500, and subsequently the president of that every householder, having lands or that body. His hostility to the Directory goods worth ~500, should be obliged to produced a sentence of deportation to have a Bible, which at this time was print- Guiana, but he contrived to elude the ed in folio, and a psalm book in his house, exile. " for the better instruction of themselves 1827. Battle of Navarino, in which the and their families in the knowledge of fleet of the pacha of Egypt was annihiGod." lated by the combined squadrons of Great 1687. The destruction of Lima in Peru Britain, Russia and France, under admiral by an earthquake. Codrington. 1713. ARCHIBALD PITCAIRNE, an able 1841. A fire broke out in the tower at Scottish physician, died. He disputed the London, and entirely consumed the buildright of Harvey to the discovery of the ing called the small armory; about 200,circulation of the blood, which he assert- 000 stand of arms, and a great numed was fully known to Hippocrates. ber of trophies of various kinds were de1714. Several people killed by the fall- stroye. ing of scaffolds on which multitudes were 1853. SELIM PASHA defeated a Russian standing to see the coronation of George I corps of 15,000 men on the frontiers of of England. Georgia. The Turks at this time had a 1719. Birthday of GODFREY ACHENWALL, fleet of 22 ships of the line and 9 war a Prussian traveler, historian and political steamers, mounting 1116 guns, and the economist. He first gave a distinct charac- Egyptian contingent consisting of 10 ships ter to the science of statistics, and gave it of war and 2 steamers, mounting 614 that name. He died 1772. guns. 1728. A fire commenced in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, and lasted three days; most of the city was burnt down. OCTOBER 21. 1740. CHARLES VI, emperor of Germany, died. He was the sixteenth and last prince 1097. The siege of Antioch opened by of the ancient house of Austria, and was the crusaders. (See June 3.) Baldwin succeeded by his eldest daughter, Maria founded the principality of Edessa in this Theresa. year. 1741. The Prussians became masters of 1217. The fortress of Alcazar-do-Sal Silesia. taken from the Moors, after a hard fought Oct. 21.J EVERY DAY BOOK. 407 battle, by the Portuguese under Alphonso the court of the emigrant princes, had II, assisted by William, earl of Holland, been vastly augmented during the course with a portion of the fleet and forces of the war, but the Austrian commander bound for the crusade, evacuated it on the first appearance of the 1439. AMBROSE of Portico, in Romania, French. died; distinguished by his fluency in the 1794. ANTHONY PETIT, an eminent Greek tongue, at the councils of Basil, French physician, died. He was a copious Ferrara, &c. and learned writer. 1441. MARGERY JOURDEMAIN, the witch 1800. SIMEON THAYER, an officer of the of Eye, condemned to be burnt for fur- revolution, died. He was in the army led nishing love potions to Eleanor Cobham, by Arnold through the wilderness to Quewife of that duke of Gloucester so eminent bec, was wounded by a cannon ball at as a patron of science and letters. Monmouth, and was the brave volunteer 1558. JULIUS CASAR SCALIGER died; an defender of Mud fort on the Delaware. Italian physician, eminent as a Latin critic 1803. FREDERICK CAVENDISH, an English and poet. field marshal died. 1583. LAURENT JOUBERT, a French phy- 1805. Battle of Trafalgar; the British sician and medical writer, died. fleet, 27 sail and 4 frigates, defeated, after 1593. Nymegen, a strong city of Hol- an action of 4 hours, the combined French land, surrendered to Maurice of Nassau, and Spanish fleets of 33 sail. Admiral who added a new fort to it. Horatio Nelson was killed, and the French 1621. ANTHONY MONTCHRESTIEN DE VA- admiral Villeneuve was captured. British TEVILLE, a French poet, torn to pieces and loss 423 killed, 1164 wounded. The burnt by order of the authorities, for se- French and Spanish fleet was completely dition and other crimes. overthrown; but 14 escaped from the bat1662. HENRY LAWES, an English musi- tle, and nearly the whole of those were cian, died. He was originally a choir boy afterwards wrecked or captured. of Salisbury church, first introduced the 1841. JOHN FORSYTH, an eminent AmeItalian style of music in England, and rican statesman, died. As a member of composed the notes for Milton's Comus. the Union convention of Georgia in 1832, 1687. EDMUND WALLER, an eminent he was principally instrumental in prevent. English poet and political writer, died. ing that state from pledging itself to nulli1692. A commission was granted by fication. He was a man of talent and William and Mary to Benjamin Fletcher, eloquence and long distinguished in pubgovernor of New York, conferring on him lic life by the many important offices the government of Pennsylvania, and de- which he held. priving Penn of that office. He was how- 1849. CHARLES E. HORN, a well known ever, restored again in two years after. musical composer of Boston, died. 1716. JAMES GRONOVIUS died; a Dutch 1852. SAUL ALLEY, long known as a writer on the belles-lettres, and a man of leading merchant and capitalist of New learning. York, died aged 74. 1766. Cumana, the capital of New Andalusia in South America, entirely destroyed by an earthquake. OCTOBER 22. 1771. TOBIAS SMOLLET, a Scottish physician, died; better known as a historian 50 B. C. The civil wars of the Romans and novelist. began in which Cesar and Pompey were ar1771. WILLIAM CLARKE, an English di- rayed against each other. vine and antiquary, died. 615. COLUMBANUS, an Irish missionary 1774. The provincial congress of Massa- and reformer of monastic life, died in Itachusetts determined to raise and enlist ly. In his character he was intrepid, viomen for the defence of the province for the lent and fearless. first time, under the name of minute men. 741. CHARLES MARTEL, duke of Austra1777. SAMUEL FOOTE died; a celebrated sia, died. He was the actual sovereign of English dramatist and actor, called the France during 25 years, under the titles of English Aristophanes. mayor of the palace, and duke of the 1783. Congress insulted at Philadelphia Franks. He repeatedly vanquished the by a band of mutineers, whom the author- Suevians, Frisons, Allemans and Saxons, ities were unable to quell, adjourned to and at the famous battle near Poictiers Princeton; a circumstance which doubt- defeated the Saracens with such great less led to the agitation of the question of slaughter, that it is said 375,000 of them a permanent seat of government. were destroyed. 1794. Coblentz surrendered to the 1322. HUGH, the illuminator, died at French revolutionists. The fortifications Cairo in Egypt, on his way from Dublin of this city, celebrated for having been to the holy land. 408 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 22. 1495. JOHN II (the Great) of Portugal, 1791. JOHN DAVID MICHAELIS, a German died. He carried war into Africa against theological writer, died. His works are the Moors, and extended the settlements 49 in number. of the Portuguese in Africa and India. 1793. British took possession of Grand 1658. Interment of Oliver Cromwell, with Ance and Nicola Mole, in St. Domingo. great pomp. " It was the joyfulest funeral 1802. SAMUEL ARNOLD, an eminent EngI ever saw," says Evelyn; " for there were lish musical composer, died in London. none that cried but dogs, which the sol- 1812. VINZINGERODE, the Russian genediers hooted away with a barbarous noise, ral, with his aid Narishkin, rode up to drinking and taking tobacco in the streets Warsaw with a white flag to offer terms, as they went." was made prisoner, and despatched towards 1685. Edict of Nantes revoked by the Hesse; but was retaken by a party of Cosimbecile Louis XIV, who imagine'd the sacks. protestants in his kingdom were nearly 1812. The city of Moscow wholly evacextirpated. The protestants were now uated by the French, after a possession of deprived of their religious and civil rights, 1 month and 8 days. Russian troops enwhich they had enjoyed nearly a century. tered it immediately afterwards, in time to They were driven in great numbers into preserve the Kremlin, which had been undifferent countries of Europe by the perse- dermined to be blown up; and within a cutions which followed, where they estab- few hours, so completely had the Russian lished the silk and other manufactures, to peasants baffled Napoleon, that the town the great prejudice of their own country. swarmed with people and the markets 1707. CLOUDESLEY SHOVEL, a celebrated were stocked with provision. English admiral, wrecked off the Scilly 1818. JOACHIM HEINRICH CAMPE, a Gerisles, as he was returning with his fleet man theologian, died. His philosophical from the coast of Spain; 900 seamen also works, as well as those which he composed perished with him. for the instruction of youth, display a 170&. HERMAN WITSIIS died; a learned noble and philanthropic spirit; some of Dutch divine, and theological writer. them have been translated into most of 1710. Birthday of MARIE ANNE LE PAGE the European languages. DU BOCcAGE, a French lady greatly cele- 1824. CHARLES VAN Ess, a German ecbrated for her writings. clesiastic, died. He wrote some historical 1724. WILLIAM WOLLASTON died; a cel- works, and a translation of the New Tesebrated English divine, author of the Re- tament was published under his name. ligion of Nature. 1840. HENRY RICHARD VASSALL, lord 1726. The island of Jamaica visited by Holland, an English statesman, died. He a fearful hurricane which destroyed much was a man of literary accomplishments, property on the plantations and a fleet of and particularly distinguished for his ships. knowledge of Spanish literature. He is 1746. The assembly of New York characterized as a wit without a particle of brought in a bill to raise ~2,250 by. lottery ill-nature, and a man of learning without towards erecting a college. a taint of pedantry. 1757. Alum first discovered in Ireland. 1841. ROBERT BISSETT SCOTT, an English 1764. Battle of Buxar, in Bengal; the writer on military jurisprudence and a British defeated Mir Cassim, who lost 4,- military advocate, died at London, aged 67. 000 killed, 133 cannon, and all his tents, 1846. BATIS STONE, another of those &c., taken. long lived patriots cf the revolution of the 1775. PEYTON RANDOLPH, first president American colonies, died at Philadelphia, of the American congress, died. He was aged over 103 years. Though in nearly a native of Virginia, and one of the most every battle he escaped unwounded. distinguished lawyers and patriots of that 1846. The steamship Great Britain ran state. aground on the coast of Ireland, and be1777. Battle of Red Bank; the Hessians came too deeply imbedded to be liftedby under count Donop in their attack upon subsequent tides. The passengers and the American fort, were defeated with the most of the cargo saved. loss of about 500 killed. Donop was mor- 1848. ALEXANDER G. MCNUTT, an emitally wounded. Fort Mifflin was attacked nent Mississippi lawyer, died, aged 47. at the same time by water, without suc- 1850. The city council of Chicago passed cess, and two British men-of-war were resolutions nullifying the fugitive slave lost. law, and releasing the police from the 1784. Treaty at fort Stanwix (now Rome) obedience of it. They subsequently rebetween the Six Nlations and the United considered this action. States. 1855. WILLIAM MOLESWORTH, a Welsh 1788. GEORGE III, king of England, be- baronet, died, aged 45. He began to make came insane. a figure before the public at a very early Oct. 22.J EVERY DAY BOOK. 409 age, and distinguished himself in parlia- 1713. ARCHIBALD PITCAIRNE, an eminent ment and elsewhere. physician and scholar, died at Edinburgh. 1730. ANNE OLDFIELD, a very celebrated English actress, died; and after lying in OCTOBER 23. state in Jerusalem chamber, was buried at Westminster with great pomp. 439. Carthage, foremost in effeminacy, 1764. JOHN LECLAIR, an eminent French and second in importance among the west- music composer, assassinated at Paris. ern cities, was taken from the Romans and 1785. WILLIAM COCHRANE, a Scottish spoliated by Genseric, the Vandal, 585 painter, died. His pieces acquired great years after the destruction of her republic celebrity. by the younger Scipio. 1789. Two robbers seized by the citizens 472. FLAVIUS ANIcIUs OLYBRIUS, emperor of Paris, and hung on the spot, under preof the west, died, after a very brief reign. tence that the authorities were too slow 524. ANIcIus MANLIUS TORQUATUS SEVER- and dilatory. INUS Bo3THIUS, a celebrated Roman philoso- 1801. JOHN GOTTLIEB NAUMANN, an emipher, executed. He fell under the dis- nent German music composer, died. He pleasure of Theodoric. was found in obscurity at the age of 13, 1340. NICOLAS, of Lyra, a Norman Jew, and taken to Italy,.where he commenced died. He was converted to Christianity, his career. His operas are very numerous. taught divinity at Paris with great reputa- 1814. British ship Bulwark captured tion, and wrote commentaries on the Bible American privateer, Harlequin, 10 guns, and controversies with the Jews. 115 men. 1389. The first charter to the town of 1825. PLINY FISK, a zealous American Linlithgow, in Scotland, was given by missionary, died at Beyrout, in Syria. Robert II. Here yet stands the old palace Although extremely indigent, he procured in which the unfortunate Mary, queen of a regular education, subsisting two years Scotland, sometime resided. upon bread and milk, and carrying his 1526. Date of the bishop of London's corn to mill upon his shoulders. Yet so charge to his clergy, to destroy the English great was his application, that he enabled copy of the New Testament, as ruinous to himself to preach in Italian, French, modthe souls of their people. ern Greek and Arabic. 1616. ACHILLE DE HARLEY, president of 1826. Date of JAMES SMITHSON'S will, the parliament of Paris, died. He acquired which ultimately placed in the hands of great respect by the learning, firmness the United States of America, a large sum and dignity with which he sustained his for the diffusion of knowledge among office. men. 1641. Rebellion in Ireland; the catholics 1841. GEORGE FREDERICK BELTZ, author under Phelim O'Neil, rose against the pro- of several works on antiquities and hertestants, and cruelly massacred men, wo- aldry, died at Basle. men and children to the number of 40,- 1844. The steam boat, Lucy Walker, 000, and by some accounts more than stopping at New Albany, on her route from 100,000. Louisville to New Orleans, exploded her 1642. Battle of Edgehill, between the three boilers at once, killing between 50 royalists, under Charles I and prince Ru- and 60 persons, and wounding others. pert, and the parliament forces, under the 1848. General WINDISCHGRATZ, sumearl of Essex. About 5,000 men fell on moned the city of Vienna to surrender. the occasion, among whom was general Bertie; the victory was undecided. 1667. The foundation stone of the first pillar in the Royal Exchange, London, OCTOBER 24. laid by the king. 1679. The Meal Tub plot discovered in 996. HUGH CAPET, king of France, died. England. He acquired the throne by his merits and 1706. JOHN FOY VAILLANT, a celebrated courage, and became the head of the third French physician, medalist and traveler, race of the French monarchy. died. 1553. JOHN WAYLAND, queen Mary's 1707. The first parliament of Great Brit- "allowed printer," received his charter; ain met after the union with Scotland. yet Thomas Green, a journeyman of his, 1708. The town of Lisle surrendered, was imprisoned and whipped, for printing and the garrison retired into the castle, a book entitled Antichrist. except the horse, which were allowed to 1601. TYcHo BRAHE, the Danish astrono. march away. The allies acknowledged a mer, died. He chose the study of astronoloss of 12,000 men in taking the town my when it was a science of small repute; only. and though he immortalized his name, yet 52 410 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 24. it is to be regretted that he should have of the Lancasterian system of mutual inbeen led into so visionary a scheme as his struction, died in New York, aged 68. system exhibits, from a mere spirit of op- 1842. Great storm of wind and rain in position to Copernicus. the island of Madeira; 200 houses were 1612. Sir PECKSAEL BROCAS, for his ad- swept away at Funchal, the capital. ulteries, was compelled to stand at St. 1842. A destructive fire occurred at CanPaul's cross, in London, arrayed in a white ton, China, by which more than 1,400 sheet with a stick in his hand. houses were burnt. 1644. The English parliament issued an 1845. WILLIAM RUDE, of Cumberland, R. ordinance, that no quarter should be given I., died, aged 98. He was at the battle of to any Irish papist, who should be found Bunker hill, and nearly every other during in hostility to the parliament. the revolutionary struggle, but escaped 1648. German thirty years' war conclud- unhurt. ed by the treaty of Westphalia. It com- 1845. England and France, having enmenced 1618, having grown out of the re- gaged by a public armed intervention to formation. It spread from one end of Ger- put a stop to the war between Buenos Ayres many to the other, and left the country a and Montevideo, declared a strict blockade scene of desolation and disorder, wasted of the port of Buenos Ayres. by fire, sword and plague, which was fol- 1846. HENRY, an African, died in Woodlowed by a great scarbity, owing to a defi- ford county, Ky., aged 112. At the age of ciency of laborers. The art of war was the 84 he married his fourth wife, and raised only one that had gained any thing, and a family of 7 children. that principally by the genius of Gustavus 1852. DANIEL WEBSTER, the greatest of Adolphus, who made an era in military American orators, died at Marshfield, aged tactics, and was the first who had a train 70. As a statesman, in the most complete of artillery in his army-. meaning of the term, few Americans have 1655. PETER GASSENDI, a celebrated ever equaled and none surpassed him. French philosopher, died. He was at once 1854. PIERRE SOULE, the United States a theologian, metaphysician, philosopher, minister to Spain, on landing at Calais astronomer, naturalist and mathematician; from England, en route for Spain, was eminent in some, and above mediocrity in stopped by the French police, and returned all those sciences. to London. 1678. Desperate action between the Eng- 1855. ROBERT H. MORRIS, a distinguished lish ship, Concord, captain Grantham, and New York politician, died at Astoria, aged the Algerine admiral ship, Rose, com- 51. manded by Canary, a Spanish renegado, 1855. JAMES OLIVER VAN DE VELDE, sewho was beat off. cond bishop of Natchez, died, aged 63. He 1682. WILLIAM PENN first arrived in was a Belgian, who early united with the America, and landed at New Castle, Dela- Jesuits, and was sent to America. He was ware, with 100 passengers. Next day sometime president of the catholic college possession of the country was given him. at St. Louis, and afterwardi bishop of Chi1819. Erie canal opened from Utica to cago. He was held in very high estimaRome. tion by all denominations. 1812. Battle of Ouschatch; the Russians under Steingel and Sassanoff defeated the Bavarians, who lost 300 killed and 200 OCTOBER 25. taken. 1821. A new organization of the Span- 322 B. C. DEMOSTHENES, the Athenian ish church introduced, abolishing all the orator, died at the isle of Calauria, as is monasteries but ten or twelve, declaring all supposed by poison, to save himself from legacies and gifts to monasteries, churches falling into the hands of his enemies alive. and hospitals, unlawful, and curtailing the 1154. STEPHEN, king of England, died. whole ecclesiastical establishment, so as to He usurped the throne, which belonged effect a saving of 44* million dollars to the to Matilda, wife of Henry IV, of Germany, nation. The old order of things was re- whose son Henry II, succeeded him. stored to its former footing two years after- 1400. GEOFFREY CHAUCER, the father of wards, on the restoration of the king to English poetry, died. absolute power. 1415. Battle of Agincourt, in France; 1821. ELIAS BOUDINOT, first president of the English army had been reduced by the American Bible society, died. He was disease and sword from 30,000 to 15,000, president of Congress in 1782, a man of when on ascending the heights of Blangi great excellence of character, and left his they saw the French army of 50,000 men large estate principally to charitable pur- drawn up to oppose their progress. There poses. was no alternative but to give battle, which 1838. JOSEPH LANCASTER, promulgator resulted in the defeat of the French, who Oct. 25.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 411. lost 10,000 killed, and 14,000 taken pri- under Wurmzer defeated the French, who soners; while the loss of the English was lost 3,000 men, all their baggage and 10 but 40 men. cannon. 1499. The bridge of Notre Dame, at 1794. Venlo, an important fortress on Paris, fell. the Meuse, surrendered to the French re1555. CHARLES V resigned the sove- publicans; the commandant, Gen. Puffer, reignty of the Low Countries, in the pre- first requiring the French Gen. Lourent to sence of the states at Brussels, in favor of assure him upon the honor of the French his bigoted son Philip. nation, that the garrison had no hopes left 1691. GEORGE LEGGE, an able English of being relieved by the allied powers. naval officer, died in the Tower, whither 1798. NELSON arrived at Malta with 14 he had been sent on suspicion of favoring ships of war and summoned Valetta to the revolution. surrender, offering to transport the French 1692. PETER SCHUYLER was admitted by home. The offer being refused the place Gov. Fletcher to the council board, his was invested, and the siege left in charge peculiar qualifications being required by of Capt. Ball, Nelson being forced to dethe administration. part to refit his ships, which were dam1701. Philadelphia first chartered by aged at the recent battle of Aboukir. William Penn; Edward Shippen was ap- 1806. HENRY KNOX died; major-general pointed mayor. in the army of the United States during 1714. SEBASTIAN LE CLERC died; a the war of the revolution, and secretary French engraver, who rose from obscurity of war under Washington. to eminence. 1806. The French under Davoust en1731. Several valuable manuscripts de- tered Berlin, the capital of Prussia, where stroyed in the Cottonian library at West- they found 500 cannon, several hundred minster, by a fire. thousand pounds of powder and some 1735. CHARLES MORDAUNT, a renowned thousands of muskets. English naval officer, died. To bravery 1806. Spandau, a fortress nine miles and heroism he added a penetrating genius from Berlin, surrendered to the French and a mind highly polished. under Victor; they found there oats and 1751. An extraordinary eruption of Mt. provisions for the French army for two Vesuvius. months, and ammunition sufficient to dou1757. AUGUSTINE CALMET, a learned ble.the stores of the artillery. French ecclesiastic, died. He was well 1806. A battalion of Saxons under baron acquainted with the oriental languages Hund surrendered to the French at Little and published several learned works, Somerda, in Thuringia. which are still in use. 1812. Action between American frigate 1760. GEORGE II, of England, died sud- United States, 54 guns, Com. Decatur, and denly at Kensington from the extraordi- British frigate Macedonian, 49 guns. The nary circumstance of a rupture of the latter was captured after an action of an right ventricle of the heart, in the 77th hour and a half, with the loss of 104 killed year of his age and the 34th of his reign. and wounded. American loss 12. 1764. WILLIAM HOGARTH died; one of 1813. Action between the United States the most original of painters. He was frigate Congress, Capt. Smith, and British originally destined for a copperplate en- ship Rose, in which the latter was captured graver, to which art he served an appren- and destroyed. ticeship. 1813. British and Indians repulsed in 1779. The British evacuated Newport, an attack upon the United States troops R. I.; to the honor of Gen. Pigot, no wan- under Gen. Izard. ton injury was committed. 1826. First daily paper at Rochester, N. 1780. JOHN HANCOCK chosen first go- Y., issued. vernor of Massachusetts, under their new 1836. The Luxor obelisk erected in constitution. Paris in the Place of Louis XV, in the 1780. Gen. MARION attacked near the presence of the royal family and about high hills of Santee, 200 British and tories, 250,000 spectators. under Col. Tyne; killed or took nearly 1842. SAMPSON SALTER BLOWERS died half of them, and most of their horses, &c. at Halifax, aged 100. He was born in Bos1781. Americans under Col. Willett, of ton, and studied law under Gov. HutchinNew York, defeated 600 British under son; but adhering to the British party major Ross. was proscribed. He was nearly 40 years 1788. WILLIAM JULIUS MICKLE, an Eng- a supreme court judge. lish poet, died. He commenced life as a 1844. The Providence theatre burnt, brewer, but failing in business took up destroying the valuable scientific apparatus literature' in which he succeeded. used by Dr. Lardner in his lectures. 1793. Battle of Wazenau; the Austrians 1847. Tobasco was bombarded by a 412 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 25. portion of the Gulf squadron under Com. in which king Charles was defeated and Perry, and all the vessels in the port were many of his officers slain. captured or destroyed. Com. Perry lost 1 1701. Birth day of HELEN and JUDITH, killed, 3 wounded and 2 drowned. the united twin sisters, at Tzoni, in Hun1848. DIxoN H. LEWIs, an important gary. They possessed a musical genius, member of congress from Alabama during were exhibited in England in 1708, and a quarter of a century, died a New York, died 1723. aged 46. 1703. Great storm in England, by which 1849. TOBIAS E. STANSBURY, a revolu- large tracts of country were overflowed, tionary officer, died near Baltimore, aged trees torn up by the roots, immense num93. A great portion of his long life was bers of cattle perished, and 8000 human spent in the service of his country. lives were lost on the Thames, Severn and 1849. BENJAMIN ABBOT, for half a cent- coast of Holland alone. ury an eminent New England teacher, 1723. GODFREY KNELLER, an eminent died at Exeter, N. H., aged 87. As prin- German painter, died in England, where cipal of Phillips Exeter academy, he di- he was greatly honored for his skill in rected the studies of pupils who became portraits. eminent men in the land. 1724. HILKIAR BEDFORD, who was 1852. The grand duke of Tuscany re- tried and fined for publishing a work enfused to give audience to an English pro- titled the hereditary right of the crown of testant deputation in favor of Rosa and England, died at London. Francisco Madiai, under confinement for 1727. LEwIs DE SACY died; an eloquent distributing Bibles. avocat of the parliament of Paris, and a 1854. LEwIs EDWARD NOLAN, a distin- learned member of the French academy. guished British cavalry officer, was killed 1728. A dispatch was received in Engat Balaclava. He was well versed in all land that more than two thirds of the city the languages of modern Europe, and a of Copenhagen in Denmark was burned military writer. down. The fire commenced on the 20th 1855. The Russians under Gen. Lipran- and continued three days. di, 30,000 strong, attacked the allies at 1751. PHILIP DODDRIDGE, an eminent Balaclava, carried and maintained two English dissenting minister, died; author Turkish redoubts, and captured several of the Rise and Progress of Religion in the guns; but were repulsed by the English Soul, a standard work. and French. 1773. Conspiracy of Palermo. 1774. The first congress of North America, having finished their delibrations, adjourned. OCTOBER 26. 1788. THOMAS REED died at Bordentown, N. J.; a captain in the navy of the revolu1656 A. M. NOAH entered the ark on the tion. 10th day of 2d month, answering to this 1794. SUWARROW, having defeated the day of our month. The ark was 525 feet Polish van guard, invested Praga, the sulong, 87 broad, and 52 deep; requiring burb of Warsaw. about 245,000 cubic feet of timber; its 1795. The French national assembly capacity two millions cubic feet of space; dissolved itself, after three years' duration. was commenced about 1556 and completed 1796. MOREAU crossed the Rhine. 1656, having been 100 years in building. 1798. A violent insurrection was raised 1331. ISMAEL ABULFEDA, prince of Ha- against the French at Cairo in Egypt. math, in Syria, died. Before he began his 1800. Earthquake at Constantinople, reign he distinguished himself by his re- destroyed the royal palace and many other searches in geography, and published in buildings. Arabic an account of the regions beyond 1803. EDMUND PENDLETON, a distinguishthe Oxus. ed Virginia statesman, died. He was a 1455. The charter of the beautiful town member of the first congress. of Kirkcudbright in Scotland was given. 1803. JOHN PENN, one of the signers of This town was much frequented in time of the declaration of American independence persecution. from Virginia, died. 1522. Donna MARIA PACHECO, the widow 1807. Treaty of Fontainbleau, between of Padilla, retired into the citadel of To- Bonaparte and Spain, for the conquest of ledo, which she defended four months Portugal. against the royalists. 1807. Russia declared war against Great 1594. WILLIAM ALLEN, usually called Britain. the great English cardinal, died, and was 1811. Saguntum surrendered by the buried at Rome. Spanish to the French under Suchet. 1645. Bloody battle of Routon Heath, Same day the Spaniards defeated the Oct. 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 413 French at Puycezda, and pursued them OCTOBER 27. into the French territories, where they levied heavy contributions. 42 B. a. Battle of Philippi, and death of 1816. DOCTOROW, the Russian general, MARCUS JUNIus BRUTUS. This eventful died at Moscow. day threw into the hands of two autocrati1822. It was ordered in the Netherlands cal magistrates, of no tried reputation, and that the national language alone, the rivals by nature, the universal rule, with Dutch or Flemish, should be used in the liberties of their country. There were schools. just twenty days between the deaths of 1825. Canal celebration at Albany. Cassius, "the last of the Romans," and 1831. Cholera first appeared in England his friend Brutus, in the two great battles at Sunderland. of Philippi. 1836. GEORGE COLEMAN (the Younger) 251. VALERIAN elected in full senate to died in London, aged 74. He was the au- the restored Roman censorship, an office thor of numerous comedies which were which had dropt with the life of Titus, eminently successful, but failed to procure. from the modesty of his successors. The him a decent livelihood, so that many of Roman virtue stood below correction. the last years of his life were spent in 1492. COLUMBUS discovered Cuba, and great poverty. made a landing on the following day. 1836. CHARLES DAY, a wealthy blacking 1553. MICHAEL SERVETUS, a learned and manufacturer, of the firm of Day & Mar- ingenious Spaniard, burnt at Geneva by the tin, died in London. He had been totally Calvinists, for the heresy of Arianism. blind for many years. He left an estate 1617. RALPH WINWOOD died; an Engvalued at about two millions of dollars, lish statesman, and secretary of state unand directed about half a million to be der James I. devoted to establish a charity, to be called 1644. Second battle of Newberry, in The Poor Blind Man's Friend. England; the royalists under Charles I 1837. Harlem, N. Y., rail road com- defeated by the parliament army. Night pleted. favored the escape of the vanquished. 1841. THOMAS CADWALLADER died at 1650. The prince of Orange died of the Philadelphia, aged 61. He was a lawyer small pox. by profession, and a brigadier general in 1675. GILES PERSONNE ROBERVAL, a the last war with Great Britain. He was French mathematician, died; author of a distinguished for his military talents, and work on mechanics, &c. greatly respected for his private virtues 1722. Third immigration of Palatines to and public usefulness. / the United States. 1842. DAVID TRIMBLE, distinguished as 1775. The British under lord Dunmore, a statesman and patriot, died at Trimble the royal governor of Virginia, cannonFurnace, Kentucky. Few had been more aded Hampton, but were repulsed. useful than he in developing the resources 1795. The French directory, which sucof that important state. ceeded the national assembly, entered 1843. ALDEN BRADFORD, a New England upon the duties of their appointment as historian, died at Boston, aged 78. He the executive government. was secretary of the commonwealth from 1802. HENRY HUNTER, an eminent Scot1812 to 1824. tish divine and author, died. 1845. Disturbances and civil war in 1805. WALTER BLAKE KIRWAN died; an Hayti; the Dominicans surprised the Hay- Irish divine, eminent for his popularity as tien garrison at Laxaron, the chief frontier a preacher, which was so great that it was town on the cape side of the island, and often necessary to keep off the crowds after killing 128 men, took the fort, which from the churches in which he preached they soon after evacuated. by guards and palisades. He died ex1850. JOHN MCDONOUGH died at New hausted by his labors. Orleans, aged 72, who by untiring indus- 1810. BONAPARTE ordered all British try and the narrowest economy amassed goods found in France to be burned. Not immense wealth, which was principally the surest way to discourage manufactures. divided. between the cities of New Orleans 1822. WILLIAM LowNDES, a distinguished and Baltimore. statesman of South Carolina, died. He 1850. The northwestpassage discovered was respected and beloved even by his by captain McClure, of the Investigator. political enemies, aid stood in the first 1851. RICHARD COWLING TAYLOR, an rank of American statesmen. English naturalist and antiquary, died at 1830. Hard fighting at Antwerp, between Philadelphia, aged about 60. the Dutch and Belgians; the former were 1852. A violent storm at Athens; one driven into the citadel, where they comof the columns of the temple of Jupiter menced cannonading the town, and did Olympus overthrown. great execution. 414 EVERY DAY BOOK. LOct. 27. 1840. JOHN THOMSON, a Scottish clergy- cellent library collected by his ancestors, man, died; distinguished as a landscape of 80,000 volumes, to maintain himself. painter. He wrote several learned works. 1844. WILLIAM CAMPBELL died at Cher- 1646. WILLIAM DOBSON, an English ry Valley, N. Y., aged 77. He was the painter, died. He was drawn from obonly member of his family that escaped scurity by Vandyke, after which he rose death or captivity at the massacre of Cher- to great celebrity; but becoming addicted ry Valley in 1778. He lived to fill many to pleasure before he had acquired a forimportant stations with fidelity and ability. tune, he became involved, and died at the 1846. RANDOLPH RIDGELY,' an officer in age of 36. the Mexican war, was killed by a fall from 1652. WILLIAM MEAD, an English phyhis horse. He had greatly distinguished sician, died, aged 149. himself at the battles of. Palo Alto and 1652. Action between the English fleet Restca de la Palma. under Blake and Penn, and the Dutch fleet 1851. WILLIAM WYON, a celebrated Brit- under De Witt and De Ruyter. Three ish medalist and die sinker, died at ships of the latter were destroyed and one Brighton, aged 57. He belonged to a taken. family of German descent, who wrought 1670. JOHN HACKET, an English prelate, the great seals of England, Scotland and died; eminent for his learning and exIreland. emplary virtues. 1853. Captain J. W. GUNNISON, of the 1681. Algiers bombarded by the French corps of topographical engineers, with fleet under admiral Duquesne and Bernard seven other members of the party of ex- Renaud. It is said that bomb vessels were ploration, while attempting to survey the first used on this occasion, being the inlakes in Utah territory, were massacred by vention of Renaud, who had five of them the Indians. built. 1685. MICHAEL.LE TELLIER, a French statesman, died. He had sufficient influOCTOBER 28. ence with the king, Louis XIV, to procure the revocation to the edict of Nantes. He 312. Battle of Saxa Rubra, and over- lived to triumph in the cruel measures throw of the tyrant Maxentius, by Con- which followed but a few days. stantine. The whole race of Maxentius 1687. JAMES ATKINS, a learned Scottish was extirpated, and the praetorian guards bishop, died, He wrote against the presabolished, at Rome. byterians, but his writings are now almost 900. ALFRED (the Great), king of England, unknown. died, aged 51, in the 28th year of his 1699. Pope INNOCENT XII died. reign. To him is ascribed the mode of 1701. WILLIAM PENN granted a charter trial by jury. of privileges to Pennsylvania and the 1216. The crown and other regalia of counties, now state of Delaware, in which England being lost, Henry III was crowned the liberty of conscience was fully recogwith a plain circle of gold on his temples. nized. 1485. RODOLPHUS AGRICOLA, a Dutch 1703. JOHN WALLIS, an eminent English author, died. He was one of the most divine and mathematician, died. His learned men of his age. works are numerous; and though his 1541. Great storm accompanied by an theological writings are respectable, yet it earthquake, at Algiers, which destroyed is from his mathematical labors that he 86 Spanish ships and 15 galleys with their derives a lasting celebrity. crews, belonging to a powerful fleet fitted 1704. JOHN LOCKE, the illustrious Engout for the reduction of that place by the lish philosopher, died. emperor Charles V. He was compelled to 1708. GEORGE of Denmark, husband of raise the siege and return to his own do- Anne, queen of England, died; " an illustninions. trious instance of conjugal affection among 1572. Earl Mar, regent of Scotland, died, the great." and was succeeded by Morton. 1710. EZEKIEL SPANHEIM died; an emi1592. AUGIER GHISLEN BUSBEQUIUS, a nent Swiss writer on history and antiquicelebrated Flemish ambassador, died. He ties. was learned and venerated. 1740. ANNA IWANOWNA, empress of Rus1597. ALDUS MANUTIUS, an eminent sia, died. Venitian printer, died. He was the third 1741. BALTHAZAR GIBERT, a French of a line of illustrious printers, celebrated writer, died. He was 50 years professor for the elegance and correctness of their of rhetoric at the college of Mazarin. editions, and in his youth bid fair to excel 1746. Earthquake at Lima, by which his predecessors. But he met with re- that city and the port of Callao were deverses, and was compelled to sell the ex- stroyed. The sea first receded, then rush Oct. 28.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 415 ed upon the shore, carrying everything which lasted several days before the city before it. Of 23 ships in the harbor 19 was completely mastered. were sunk, and 4 carried a considerable 1849. DAVID B. DOUGLAS, an eminent way up the country, and Callao became a civil and military engineer, died aft Genepart of the ocean. va, N. Y., aged 56. He distinguished 1748. Gov. CLINTON signed the bill re- himself in the war of 1812, before he was viving the act to raise ~1,800 by lottery, 21 years of age. He was a man of extento build a college. sive and varied learning. 1776. Battle of White Plains. The brunt 1851. A meeting of cotton planters was of this battle was sustained by the troops held at Macon, Georgia, to devise ways under McDougal, 600 men, who nobly and means to prevent fluctuations in the sustained their post, though deserted by price of cotton. Little harmony of views 4 regiments of militia, who fled on the or concord of action was manifested. approach of the British light horse. Both 1854. Afire at Cleveland, Ohio, consumed armies laid on their arms awaiting another property to the amount of $2,000,000. attack.' 1854. The Turks in the principalities 1788. First court held at Plattsburgh, attacked the Russians, and after a contest Clinton county, N. Y. of two hours compelled them to cross the 1791. GEORGE LOUIS OEDER, an eminent Danube and destroy the bridges. German physician and botanist, died. 1792. JOHN SMEATON, an eminent English mechanic and engineer, died; cele- OCTOBER 29. brated as the builder of the Eddystone lighthouse. 1038. ANGELOTE, archbishop of Canter1793. Hurricane on the island of Cuba; bury, died. He is noted for having refused several vessels driven out to sea, and 520 to crown Harold, although he had enjoyed houses in Havana totally destroyed. the patronage of his father Canute. 1800. ARTEMAS WARD, the first major- 1268. CONRADINO, emperor of Germany, general in the American revolutionary beheaded at Naples, at the age of 16. In army, died. He graduated at Harvard, a hazardous attempt to recover a part of was subsequently a member of congress, his possessions which had been wrested and noted for incorruptible integrity. from him, he fell into the power of his 1806. CHARLOTTE SMITH, an English enemy. poetess and novelist, died. She long en- 1618. WALTER RALEIGH, an illustrious joyed great popularity. English nobleman, beheaded at the age of 1806. Battle of Prentzlow, in Branden- 66. He is memorable as a "statesman, burg; the Prussian army of 16,000 com- seaman, soldier, chemist and chronologist." pelled to surrender to the French under He obtained the patent of Virginia in Murat. This was the remnant of the king's 1584. guard which escaped from the battle of 1666. JAMES SHIRLEY, an English draJena, and included several princes. matic writer, died. His death was occa1823. WASSIL WASSILIJEWITSCH CAPNIST, sioned by the great fire of London; both a Russian counselor of state, died. He is himself and his wife died of fright, and better known as a poet and dramatic writ- were buried in one grave. He wrote 37 er, in which he is entitled to much plays and a volume of poems. praise. 1666. EDMUND CALAMY, an eminent 1838. The Mormons, comprising about English divine, died, it is said by reason 700 men under arms, with their leaders, of the great fire at London. surrendered at Far-West, Missouri, to a 1691. MELCHIZEDEC THEVENOT died; body of 3,000 militia, under Gen. Atchin- librarian to the king of France, and a celeson. The whole number captured was brated writer of travels. 5,000, miserably destitute of the means of 1727. Earthquake in New England. No subsistence. event of the kind had been witnessed by 1844. The Royal Exchange at London the English, of equal violence, since their opened in an imposing manner, the queen settlement of the country, and consequentbeing present and presiding at the cere- ly they were greatly alarmed. It was felt mony. along the coast 700 miles, though of only 1848. HARRISON GRAY OTIS, a Massa- 2 minutes' duration; and the island of chusetts statesman, died, aged 83; having Martinique was in danger of being entirely filled with distinguished success the prin- destroyed by an earthquake the same day, cipal political offices in the gift of the which was felt at intervals during eleven people of the state. hours. * 1848. WINDISCEGRATZ, besieging the city 1745. Battle of Freybourg; the Prussians of Vienna, entered the suburbs and began under prince Henry defeated the allies, an attack; a succession of conflicts ensued, who lost 8,000 men. 416 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Oct. 29. 1757. EDWARD VERNXON, a renowned burnt, the mansion house and custom English admiral, died. house destroyed, the toll-gates pulled 1776. The British and Hessians repulsed down, and many private houses plunderin an attack on the Americans under Col. ed and set on fire, by which some hunGlover, at White Plains. dreds of people were burnt to death. 1777. JOHN HANCOCK resigned his office 1841. THOMAS PHILIPS, an eminent Engas president of Congress. lish vocalist, died by a rail road accident, 1777. The whole force of the Americans aged 66. under Washington was 12,480 men, of 1842. ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, an eminent whom 8,963 were regulars then called Scottish poet, died in London, aged 56. continentals. 1850. The statue of John C. Calhoun, 1778. Americans under major Talbot which had been lost by the wreck of a captured the British schooner Pigott, and vessel, was recovered almost without inbrought her into Stonington. jury. 1783. JOHN LE ROND D'ALEMBERT, a dis- 1850. The Portuguese frigate Donna tinguished French philosopher, died. Maria II, of 32 guns, accidentally blown 1792. Three of the mutineers of the up in the harbor of Macao, and completely ship Bounty were executed at Portsmouth. destroyed; of 244 men on board, 188 per1793. The Austrians under Clairfait de- ished. feated the French in their intrenched 1852. The remains of DANIEL WEBSTER camp before Mentz; the camp was carried, were buried at Marshfield, Mass., many 106 cannon, 200 ammunition wagons, and thousands of citizens of Boston and adjoin2,000 men were taken prisoners. ing towns being present. 1795. The citizens of London obstructed 1854. JOSIAH BUTLER, an eminent New the king on his way to the parliament Hampshire statesman and judge, died at house, clamoring for bread, peace, no Pitt. Deerfield, aged 74. A bullet pierced the glass of the king's 1854. W. W. FARMER, lieutenant-gocoach. vernor of Louisiana, died at Baton Rouge, 1804. GEORGE MORLAND died; an exqui- aged 45; for many years a prominent man site English painter, principally of rustic in the state. scenes. 1810. Battle of Aculco, Mexico; the OCTOBER 30. Spanish patriots under the first Aldamo, defeated by the king's troops under Gen. 69. Cremona, in Italy, sacked and burnCallejas, with the loss of 6,000. ed, 286 years after its foundation. 1812. MALLET, with 12 of his confede- 1270. The seventh and last crusade endrates in a plot to subvert the Bonaparte ed by the treaty of Barbary. dynasty, were tried and shot in the plains 1270. Conflict on London bridge, beof Grenille. tween the retainers of the bishop of Win1814. Holland, in consideration of its chester (bad Beaufort) and the duke of relinquishment of all its claims to the cape Gloucester. of Good Hope, and to the colonies of De- 1485. Coronation of HENRY VII, two marara, Essequebo and Berbice, all the months after Bosworth field, when was inother colonies which she possessed pre- stituted the Yoemen of the Guard, consisting vious to 1794, in Asia, Africa and America, of 50 archers. At that time there raged in were restored by Great Britain. London a malady called the sweating sick1814. Steam frigate Fulton launched at ness, which terminated fatally in twentyNew York. four hours. 1814. The sloop of war Peacock, Capt. 1553. JAMES STURMIUS, a learned German Warrington, returned from a cruise of 147 ambassador, died. He contributed greatly days, during which she had captured and to the reformation of Strasburg, where he destroyed 14 British vessels. erected a college, and assisted in the pub1824. CHARLES PINCKNEY, an American lication of a history of the reformation. orator and statesman, died. He was a 1574. MARY OF CLEVES, wife of Henry I, patriot of the revolution, and a member prince of Conde, died, aged 18, probably of the convention which framed the con- by poison. She was loved so ardently by stitution. the duke of Anjou, afterwards Henry III, 1825. The first boat on the Erie canal, that when he came to the throne he defrom Albany, reached Buffalo, on which termined to annul her marriage; but her occasion a celebration took place. sudden death intervened. 1828. LUKE EIANSARD, a very eminent 1602. JOHN JAMES BOISARD, a French anEnglish printer, died; distinguished also tiquary, died. He pursued his favorite for his piety. study in Italy and the isles of the Adriatic; 1831. Riots at Bristol, England, during but many of his materials were destroyed which the jails were broken open and by the ravages of war. Oct. 30.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 417 1605. GEORGE CLIFFORD, earl of Cum- English theologian, historian, critic, poliberland, died; a celebrated English navi- tician, and poet. gator. 1810. Battle of Los Cruces, in Mexico, 1632. HENRY DE MONTMORENCY, admiral between the revolutionists under Hidalgo, of France, beheaded for conspiracy. He and a corps of Spaniards, in which the distinguished himself by his valor, and latter were defeated. This was the first was made admiral at the age of 18. battle of the revolution. 1655. JOHN SELDON, the learned English 1813. SARAH RODGERS, a celebrated antiquary, died. painter, died at Philadelphia. 1680. ANTOINETTE DE LA PORTE BOURIG- 1822. The Caledonian canal, uniting the NON, a celebrated French enthusiast, died, British sea with the Atlantic ocean, was aged 64. She was so very deformed at her opened. It is a great national work, but birth, that a consultation was had about not much in requisition. stifling her as a monster. But she early 1822. ITURBIDE dissolved the Mexican developed great powers of mind, became congress in the same manner as Cromwell a traveling preacher, wandered about in- dissolved the long parliament, and the cessantly, and was expelled from many same day formed a new legislative assemcountries. Her reveries fill 22 volumes. bly, composed of persons favorable to his 1732 Shipped for transportation to Vir- plans. This step was fatal to his reign. ginia, 68 men and 50 women, felon con- 1825. CHARLES ROBERT MATURIN, an victs. Irish divine, dramatist, and' poet, died. 1750. JOHN MOTTLEY died; an English His genius was great, but not always undramatic writer and historian of Peter the der the control of a pure taste. Great of Russia. 1840. Earthquake at Zante, which de1760. Great earthquake in Syria and molished 240 houses in the town, and inBarbary; 6000 persons killed in Damas- jured nearly all the rest. The villages cus. and country houses of the island were de1762. British king's ships Panther and stroyed, or greatly injured. Argo captured Spanish galleon Santissima Trinidad, from Manilla, valued at three millions of dollars. OCTOBER 31. 1781. The Oneida Indians, part of Col. Willet's force, defeated the British, colonel 1448. JOHN PALEOLOGUS, emperor of ConJohn Butler; when that execrable savage, stantinople, died. He reigned 29 years, Butler, was killed. and resisted the invasion of the Turkish 1782. ANTHONY TERRASSON, a distin- foe, who pressed upon his borders. guished French advocate, and professor of 1517. Commencement of the reformathe royal college, died. He wrote a his- tion by Martin Luther, who on this day tory of Roman jurisprudence, and other published his 95 theses against the papal works. indulgences, &c. 1787. FERDINAND GALIANI, a noble Ita- 1579. JOHN STADIUS, a German historian lian writer, died. His genius and learn- and mathematician, died at Paris. He taring were employed on useful and practical nished his scientific knowledge with assubjects. trological calculations. 1793. Twenty-two deputies of the French 1659. JOHN BRADSHAW died; celebrated national convention of the Girondists, as president of the tribunal which tried convicted and sentenced to death. De Va- and condemned the king, Charles I. He laze, a lawyer, on hearing his sentence, was afterwards deprived of his office by with great salfg froid, drew a poignard and Cromwell, to whose usurpations he was stabbed himself to the heart. opposed; at the restoration his bones were 1802. CHARLES ALEXANDER DE CALONNE, dug up and hanged at Tyburn. a French statesman, died. He succeeded 1665. An act called the " five mile act," Necker as comptroller of the finances. passed by the English parliament, prohi1804. SAMUEL AYSCOUGH, assistant libra- biting nonconforming ministers from going rian in the British Museum, died. He is within 5 miles of a town sending a memchiefly memorable for his patient industry ber to parliament. This was to prevent in arranging the collections. le published them entering the pulpits of episcopalians a catalogue of the manuscripts, and a cata- vacated on account of the plague. logue of the ancient charters in that insti- 1678. From the evidence of Oates and tution; the latter amounting to 1,600. others, the commons of England passed a 1805. ANQUETIL DU PERRON, a learned resolution that there existed a hellish plot Frenchman, died. His death is also placed, of the papists to assassinate king Charles. by different authorities, in November and 1732. VICTOR AMADEUS, king of Sardinia January. (See Jan. 15, 1805.) and duke of Savoy, died. 1808. JOHN WHITAHER died; an able 1735. General OGLETHORPE re-embarked 53 418 EVERY DAY B001. [Oct. 31. for America, accompanied by John Wesley stein at Tchas'nili, with the loss of 900 and other missionaries, with several fami- killed and 800 taken. lies of settlers. 1832. ANTONIO SCARPA, professor of ana1751. JAMES LOGAN, governor of Penn- tomy at Pavia, died, aged 86. He stood, sylvania after the death of the proprietor, for nearly half a century, by the common died. He was a native of Ireland, distin- consent of his countrymen, at the head of guished for his talents and learning, and anatomy and surgery in Italy. came to America with Penn. 1838. NOAH WORCESTER, an eminent 1760. The foundation stone of Black- philanthropist and founder of the Massafriars bridge over the Thames was laid. chusetts Peace society, died. He was an 1765. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, duke of Cum- extraordinary man, and entirely selfberland, died. He was the second son of taught. In 1815 he published d Solemsn George II of England, and commanded at View of the Custom of War, which produced many important battles in the German wars. a strong impression, and has been circu1782. Louis ELIZABETH DE LA VERGNE, a lated in different languages in Europe. celebrated French general, died. He was 1842. SOLOMON HERSCHELL, chief rabbi the friend of learned men, and the author of the German and Polish Jews in London, of numerous works. died, aged 82, and was buried with great 1793. JEAN PIERRE BRISSOT DE WAR- solemnity. He was a majestic figure, with VILLE, and 20 others, Girondists, con- a look of one of the old fathers, and an demned on the previous day, were guillo- object of considerable mark in the streets tined at Paris. They were generally op- of London. posed to the death of the king and the 1847. A quarrel took place between the violent and bloody measures pursued by police in Rio de Janeiro and some sailors Marat and Robespierre. belonging to the United States vessels of 1803. The United States frigate Phila- war lying in the harbor. The sailors and delphia, captain Bainbridge, grounded on an officer were imprisoned, which led to a a rock three and a half miles from Tripoli,. serious difficulty between the two governand was taken after an action of 4 hours, ments. having thrown over all her guns in the 1848. STEPHEN WATTS KEARNEY, the vain hope of getting off. conqueror of New Mexico, died at St. 1806. Battle of Strelitz; the French Louis, aged 54. He had been in the army general Savery with 600 horse took the since 1812, and his character and bearing place, and captured the hereditary prince as an officer were unsurpassed. of Mecklenbenburg-Strelitz. 1849. The French cabinet, on being in1806. Battle of Anklan; the Bavarians formed that they were wanting in dignity, defeated the Prussians under general Bila, resigned their commissions to their presiand took him and 4,000 men prisoners. dent. 1806. About this time a revolution took 1849. A remarkable meteoric stone fell place at St. Domingo; the black king of at Charlotte, North Carolina. Hayti, Dessalines, was killed, and succeed- 1850. Queen ISABELLA opened the Cored by Christophe. tez at Madrid in the new palace on the 1812. The Cossacks under Platoff defeated Plaza de Cervantes. the French rear guard near Kolotsk with 1855. RIVAS sworn into office as presiterrible slaughter. dent of Nicaragua, Walker declining in 1812. The French defeated by Witgen- his favor at Grenada. NOVEMBE R. NOVEMBER 1. versity of Oxford is indebted to him for the library and infirmary which bears his 51 B. C. CICERO sat down before Pinde- name, and for an annuity of ~600 for two nissum, a city in Cilicia. traveling fellowships. 79. Pompeii and Herculaneum buried 1724. HUMPHREY PRIDEAUX died; an by an eruption of Vesuvius. English divine, historian, and critic. 1290. The persons of all the English 1730. Louis FERDINAND MARSIGLI, an Jews, 16,511, were banished, and their Italian nobleman, died. He was famous estates and treasures confiscated to the in arms and in letters, and founded the crown. academy of arts and sciences at Bologna, 1399. JOHN V (the Conqueror), duke of called the Institute. Brittany, died. 1755. Earthquake at Lisbon, by which 1483. HENRY STAFFORD, duke of Buck- it is supposed about 50,000 persons perishingham, beheaded. He was the vile in- ed. Every building worthy of notice was strument of the third Richard's usurpa- prostrated. Peerless pool was lifted from tion, and was executed by that king's its bed; the Mios lake in Norway vibrated order, without any legal process. with the canals of Amsterdam; the fount1596. PETER PITHOU, a learned and elo- ains of Tangier were stopped, and artificial quent French civilian, died. He visited tides flowed every fifteen minutes at GiEngland, and published some valuable braltar. works on law, history, and classical litera- 1765. Stamp act went into operation in ture, and restored Phedrus and other an- America. The great dissatisfaction it crecient books which had long been lost. ated, was manifested by the tolling of bells, 1607. Sir jAMEEsMELVILLE died. He was and other solemnities. a courtier, in the strictest sense of that 1769. LA SALLE arrived at the mouth of word. To him the court was the world, the Miami, having seventeen men in his and its rules of action his. company, the rest being dismissed, to re1653. The parliament of the English turn with furs to Niagara, when he emcommonwealth chose a new council of barked at the bay of Puans. state. 1770. ALEXANDER CRUDEN died; a Scot1678. WILLIAM CODDINGTON, governor of tish writer, and corrector of the press, Rhode Island, died. He became dissatis- whose literary labors were notable. He fied with the ecclesiastical government in was found dead on his knees, in the attiMassachusetts, and in 1638 associated him- tude of prayer. self with 170 others, who purchased Rhode 1771. JOHN EYRE sentenced to be transIsland of the natives. He was a man of ported beyond seas, for stealing a few learning, and contributed more than any quires of paper. He was worth ~30,000, other, perhaps, to the establishment of yet committed and confessed the deed. the colony of Rhode Island, and laying 1775. PETER JOSEPH BERNARD died; a the foundation of civil and religious liber- French writer of operas and other lighter ty in America. pieces, which for their ease and elegance, 1683. The counties of Albany, Dutchess, procured for him the name of le gentil BerKings, Orange, Queens, Suffold, Richmond, nard. Ulster, and Westchester, N. Y., erected. 1783. CHARLES LINNAUS (the Younger) 1700. CHARLES II, king of Spain, died. died. He succeeded his father as profesHe was the last of the eldest branches of sor of botany at Upsal. the Austrian princes who reigned in Spain. 1793. GEORGE GORDON died; an English1710. Lord HAVERSHAM, a noted British man who led the opposition to the papists peer, died. He was a "constant" speaker in 1780, which gave rise to the riots of in the house of lords. that year. His life from that time was 1714. JOHN RADCLIFFE, an English phy- spent in legal censures and imprisonments, sician of great eminence, died. The uni- and he finally died in Newgate prison. 420 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 1. 1794. HENRY HOOGEVEEN died; an emi- ments, which the distracted partisans of nent Dutch philologist, of great learning that country could not appreciate; he was and industry. deprived of a large property which he had 1794. Rhinefield, a fortress built on a accumulated, and retired to England, where rock on the left bank of the Rhine, abun- he produced two works on South America, dantly provided and defended by 2000 of some merit. men, surrendered at the first summons of 1845. SAMUEL HARRISON SMITH, well the French. known as the editor of the Philadelphia 1805. Captain WRIGHT, of the British New World, and the first to establish the navy, died in the Temple at Paris. Bona- National Intelligencer, died at Washington. parte is accused of having suffered him to 1849. JABEZ W. HUNTINGTON, of Conbe put to the torture and strangled. necticut, a distinguished senator of the 1806. French entered Kustrin, where United States, died at Norwich, Conn. they took 4000 Prussian prisoners, 90 can- 1849. ELIZUR GOODRICH, professor of law non, and sufficient stores to supply the in Yale college, and some time mayor of army two months. New Haven, died, aged 88. His removal 1806. French under Mortier took Cassel from the office of collector of customs, at and all Hesse. New Haven, immediately on the accession 1813. Four large British vessels, and a of Jefferson, gave occasion to the famous number of boats, attacked the advance letter of that president, in which he avowguard of the United States army, under ed his principle of removal for political general Wilkinson, and were repulsed. opinions. 1815. JOHN COAKLEY LETTSOM, a distin- 1849. JEFFREY CHIPMAN died at Kalaguished London physician, died. He was mazoo, Mich., aged 60. He was a native long known by. his public and private be- of Rutland, Vt., and afterwards a magisnevolence, his skill, and his numerous trate at Canandaigua, N. Y., before whom writings, moral and medical. William Morgan, the apostate free mason, 1818. The first steam boat on the lakes, was arraigned for larceny, and committed called from an Indian chief, Walk-in-the- to Ontario jail, whence he was abducted. Water, left Buffalo on her first trip. The In all the subsequent trials, J. Chipman boat cost $70,000, including the sum paid was the first witness called. Fulton and Livingston for patent. 1852. Battle of Hermasillo; the French 1819. The North Georgian Gazette and count Boulbon de Raousset, who led an Winter Journal, first published on board enterprise upon Sonora, was defeated, and the Hecla discovery ship, in Winter harbor, his expedition wholly overthrown. off Melville island, in the Polar sea. The 1855. Accident on the Missouri and Pa21st number closed its polar existence, but cific rail road; an excursion train going to it rose again in London. celebrate the opening of the road, was pre1834. JOHN HOWARD died in Fayette co., cipitated through a bridge thirty feet into Ga., aged 103. He was in the revolution- the river, by which the chief engineer of ary army, and received five wounds at the the road, Thomas S. O'Sullivan, and 24 battle of Guilford. His sight continued others, were killed, and a great number good till his hundredth year, and he never injured, many of them prominent citizens used spectacles. of St. Louis. 1835. THOMAS TAYLOR died; an English author, long known by the appellation of the Platonist. His works comprise 23 vols. NOVEMBER 2. quarto, and 40 vols. octavo; the greatest of which are complete translations of Aris- 1656. A. M. The deluge began on the totle and Plato, illustrated copiously from 17th day of the 2d month, answering to the ancient commentators. our November 2, on the supposition that 1835. WILLIAM MOTHERWELL, a Scottish the original civil year of the Hebrews bepoet of considerable reputation, died. gan on the 16th of September, and con1842. LoUIs D. JOSE, usually called Por- tained 354 days. tuguese Joe, was burnt to death in the hotel 285. B. c. PTOLEMY PHILADELPHUS, of at l~ew Orleans in which he kept the bar. Egypt, so memorable as a patron of learnHe was captain of the maintopi on board ing, commenced his reign upon this Julian the ship Saratoga, at the battle on lake day; the year following that in which Champlain, and nailed the colors to the Pyrrhus was driven from Macedonia. It mast after they had been shot away by the is the date of the Septuagint. British. 1502. COLUMBUS entered the harbor which 1843. JOHN PARISH ROBERTSON, a Scot- he named Porto Bello. The cazique was tish merchant in South America, died at painted black, but all his subjects red. Calais. He established an extensive busi- They all wore small golden ornaments in ness, and introduced many useful improve- their nostrils; and the men a shell, and Nov. 2.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 421 the women a fillet of cotton about their died, aged 80. His talents and judgment loins. were of a high order. 1552. CLAUDE D'ANNEBAUT, a French 1812. Battle of Ghatz; the Cossacks admiral, died; distinguished for his brav- under Platoff defeated a division of the ery and wisdom. French, and took 70 wagons, 20 cannons 1600. RICHARD HOOKER, an eminent and some thousands of exhausted and English divine, died. His Laws of Eccle- helpless prisoners. Denizoff defeated ansiastical Polity in 8 books, procured him other French division the same day, capgreat fame and popularity. tured 40 loaded wagons and 1000 prisoners. 1610. RICHARD BANCROFT died; chaplain 1818. SAMUEL ROMILLY, a learned Engto queen Elizabeth, bishop of London, and lish statesman, died by his own hand, in archbishop of Canterbury. consequence of the death of his wife. 1655. A committee appointed by the 1825. The city of Albany celebrated the council of the lord protector of England opening of the Erie canal with great cereto encourage trade and commerce. mony. 1692. ALEXANDER MENZIKOFF, a Russian 1828. THOMAS PINCKNEY, a general in prince, -died in exile. He rose from the the United States army, died. It was unoccupation of a pastry cook, and fell back der'his command that the Indian war in to his orginal level in consequence of his which general Jackson distinguished himpride and ostentation. self, was undertaken and brought to a 1716. ENGELBERT K(EMPFER, an eminent successful issue. German botanist, died. Besides his works 1840. ANTHONY CARILISLE, an eminent on botany, he wrote a History of Japan. English surgeon, died. He was also a man 1726. SOPHIA DOROTHEA, queen of George of high literary and scientific attainments, I of England, died at the castle of Ahlen and president of the royal college of surin Hanover, in which she had been im- geons. mured since 1694 on a charge of an intrigue 1850. SAMUEL YOUNG, a New York with count Koningsmarke; a charge which statesman, died at Ballston, aged 71. His was never proved and generally disbe- official career was illustrated by the most lieved. She was often solicited to rejoin remarkable integrity, by talents of the her husband. To the English who also highest order, and by a character of the made the proposal, she said, "If I am most marked individuality. guilty I am not fit to be your queen; if I am innocent your king is not fit to be my husband." NOVEMBER 3. 1758. The Belliqueux, a French ship of war from Quebec, driven into Lundy road 361. CONSTANTIUS, the last of the sons where she was taken possession of by the of Constantine the great, died, after a reign English; value estimated at ~150,000. of 23 years, and was succeeded by Julian. 1759. CHARLES HANBURY WILLIAMS, an 461. LEo I (the Great) pope, died. Rome English poet and ambassador, died. was pillaged fourteen days by Genseric 1772. Town meeting in Boston, at which during his reign. committees of correspondence were ap- 1327. JAMES II (the Just), king of Arrapointed by the " Sons of Liberty." Ad- gon, died, aged 65; deservedly regretted ams and Warren were among the origina- for his moderation, courage, benevolence tors of this plan, which was soon followed and magnanimity. He conquered Sicily, by the other states. These committees and waged a long war against the Moors were undoubtedly the origin of the con- and the people of Navarre. He had the gress. good fortune to unite Valencia and Cata1783. WASHINGTON issued from head lonia to his crown. quarters, Rocky Hill, near Princeton, his 1369. That famous code of Godfrevy, farewell orders to the American armies. called the Assize of Jerusalem, restored by 1783. CHARLES COLLE, a distinguished John d'Ibilen, count of Jaffa, was finished French comic writer, died. under the revision of sixteen native com1788. JOHN HENDERSON, an English missioners for the use of the Latin kingscholar, died. He displayed at a very dom of Cyprus. early period of life, an uncommon thirst 1493. COLUMBUS, on his second voyage after knowledge, which he gratified with to the new world, descried land, which in unremitted ardor. "The virtues of his honor of the day lie called Dominica. heart were superior even to the astonish- 1580. Sir FRANCIS DRAKE returned from ing powers of his understanding;" he his voyage round the world. died however, the victim of intempe- 1603. HENRY IV of France granted to rance. Pierre du Gast, sieur de Monts, a patent of 1794. FRAN9OIS JoAcHIM DE PIERRES the American territory, from the 40th to BERNIS, a French ecclesiastic, and courtier, the 46th degree of north latitude, with 422 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 3, power to colonize and rule it, and to sub- extraordinary French character, died. He due and Christianize its native inhabitants; at first gained his subsistence by watching and the exclusive right -to the commerce poultry and sheep; but by perseverance of peltry in Acadie and the gulf of St. and labor he obtained books and maps, Lawrence. became one of the most learned men of 1611. ANTONIO PEREZ, a distinguished his time, and enjoyed the patronage of Spanish statesman and author, died at princes and the notice of the learned. Paris, where he retired when disgraced at 1787. ROBERT LOWTH, an eminent Engthe court of Spain. He twice escaped the lish bishop, died; known by his translainquisition, and even eluded the emissaries tion of Isaiah, " the sublimest poetry in sent to murder him, but although highly the world." esteemed by the learned men of France and 1793. MARY OLYMPE DE GOUGzES, a French England, he died miserably poor. authoress, guillotined. Becoming disgust1640. The long parliament of England ed with the brutalities of the revolutionbegan; Wm. Lenthal was chosen speaker. ists, she turned her pen against them, and 1643. JOHN BAINBRIDGE died at Oxford; fell a victim to their vengeance. a physician and astronomer of high repu- 1797. WILLIAM ENFIELD, an eminent tation. English dissenting minister died; known 1669. CHARLES DRELINCOURT, a French by many ingenious and useful publications. Calvinistic divine, died. His Consolations 1812. Battle near Wiazma; the French against the Fear of Death have passed under Ney, Davoust, and Beauharnois dethrough numerous editions, and been feated by the Russians with the loss of translated into several languages. 6,000 killed, and 3,500 taken prisoners, 1680. The great comet of this year ap- and 28 cannon. Of the wounded French, proached so near the earth as in many all who fell must have unquestionably places to occasion no small alarm. perished, as in the night the Russian win1710. LUKE ROTGANS, a Dutch poet, ter set in, with a degree of iron severity died. After being engaged two years in almost unknown to the oldest inhabitants; the wars of Holland he retired to his on the following morning all was buried country seat to devote himself to poetry. under a deep, wide waste of snow. 1739. CHARLES JERVAS, an English paint- 1832: JOHN LESLIE died; an eminent er, died. He is immortalized more by Scottish chemist, mathematician, and naPope's panegyric than by his own pictures. tural philosopher, inventor of the differ1741. BEERING wrecked on the island ential thermometer, and author of various which bears his name. scientific works. He rose from humble 1760. Battle of Torgau; the Austrians life, and received the honor of knighthood under Daun defeated by Frederick II of for his acquirements. Prussia, with the loss of 20,000 men, 8,- 1834. DR. HORNER, died at Zurich, 000 of whom were taken. Prussian loss Switzerland. He accompanied Krusenstern 13,000. in his first Russian voyage round the 1762. The remarkable peace between world, and wrote the Natural History of England and France was signed at Fon- Russia. tainebleau. 1839. CARTER BERKLEY, an eminent 1771. First newspaper printed in Alba- Virginia physician, aged 72, died while ny, N. Y. feeling the pulse of a dying patient. He 1771. An attempt was made by count was a lineal descendant of sir William Pulaski and some other Polish nobleman Berkley, and an excellent character. to carry off Stanislaus Augustus, the king. 1840. St. Jean d'Acre bombarded by They took him prisoner, but after wander- the allied British and Turkish fleets. The ing about all night, in the morning they firing commenced at half past 2 P. M., and found themselves near where they set out, ceased at 6. The magazine, containing and were obliged to liberate their captive. 500 barrels of powder, was blown up, over 1774. GLOUCESTER RIDLEY, an eminent which about 2,000 soldiers were stationed, English divine, died. He commenced life who were nearly all buried in the ruins. as an actor.. The number of killed in the town is un1775. St. Johns surrendered to the Ame- known; loss of the British and allies 18 ricans. General Carleton in attempting to killed and 42 wounded. The Egyptians cross the St. Lawrence with 800 men, was evacuated the place on the following mornattacked by 300 Green Mountain boys un- ing, and it was possessed by the conquerder colonel Warren and compelled to re- ors, who found 121 mounted guns and 20 tire; which induced the garrison to capi- mortars on the walls, and 97 brass field tulate. They found 17 brass and 22 iron pieces and 97 mortars in store, besides cannons, 2 howitzers, 7 mortars, 800 stand stores of all kinds and the military chest, of arms, &c. valued altogether at about one million 1775. VALENTINE JAIMERAI DUVAL, an pounds. Nov. 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 423 1764. CHARLS CmRGHIc, ai eminent NOVEMBER 4. English poet, died. He was endowed with great natural abilities, and his poems, 1493. COLUMBUS discovered the island of though they have lost something by time, Guadaloupe, the largest of the Carib or are still preserved from oblivion.,Cannibal islands, called by the natives 1788. DEBORAH GODFREY died at StepCarucueria. The drinking vessels of this ney, England, aged 80; celebrated as the fierce people were formed of human skulls. mother of 34 children, all of whom lived They here saw the pine apple. to the age of maturity. 1611. NIcHOLAS LE FEVRE (or Faber), a 1791. The United States army, 1,400 learned and ingenious French writer, died. men, under general St. Clair, defeated by He was more ready to assist others than the Indians, near the Miami villages. The to appear as an author himself. Indians made the attack immediately after 1613. EDWARD BREREWORD, a learned the soldiers had been dismissed, from the English antiquary, died. parade, and with so much intrepidity, that 1631. Lady MARY, eldest daughter of most of the officers were killed before they king Charles I, and subsequently the wife could form their men. The loss of the of William prince of Orange, born. Americans was 894, being nearly two-thirds 1673. The house of commons, in Eng of the force. The Indians took 7 cannon, land, sent for to the house of lords, and 200 oxen and a great number of horses. prorogued, for addressing the king against Their force was between three and four a standing army. thousand, and their loss only 56. (Other 1677. The marriage portion of the and more reliable accounts say 1,500 Inprincess Mary was ~40,000. She married dians instead of 3,000. the prince of Orange. 1793. RICHARD TICKELL, an eminent 1680. JOSEPH GLANVIL, an eminent Eng- English writer, was killed by a fall from lish divine, died; celebrated for his con- a window of his apartments. troversies. 1794. Praga carried by storm by the 1688. WILLIAM III entered Torbay with Russians under Suwarrow; upon which 50 sail of the line and 400 transports. Warsaw was compelled to surrender, and 1694. The Hannibal, of London, arrived a massacre of the Poles followed, which at Barbadoes with a cargo of negroes. Of issued in blotting out Poland from the 692 captives, 320 died on the passage; nations of Europe. the rest, Philips, the master, says, "came 1797. Earthquake at Quito; nearly 40,out ~19 per head, one with another." 000 of the natives perished, either buried The official return of the population, four under the ruins of their own houses, swalyears afterwards was, 2,330 whites, 42,000 lowed up in the crevices of the earth, or slaves. drowned in the lakes which were suddenly 1698. A colony from Scotland settled at formed. New Edinburgh, on the coast of Darien. 1806. GEORGE MAsoN, an English writer, 1702. JOHN BENBOW, a brave English died. He made a valuable collection of admiral, died in the West Indies, after an English and foreign literature. inglorious defeat, owing to the cowardice 1825. The first boat down the Erie canal, of his officers. arrived at New York. 1702. EDWARD SHERBURNE, an English 1836. CHARLES X, ex-king of France, writer, died, aged 85. Besides his original died at Goritz, in Illyria, an exile. He works, he translated Seneca's tragedies and succeeded Louis XVIII, but lost the throne other Latin authors. by his arbitrary measures. 1713. FRANCIS PETIT DE LA CROIX, a 1837. BARON ALBERT died at Paris, aged French ambassador, died. He was an ex- 70; a celebrated French physician, and pert linguist in Turkish and Arabic, and author of numerous works in his profesrendered great services to literature by his sion. dictionaries and other works on those lan- 1838. Martial law established at Montguages. real, in consequence of a rebellion against 1749. A ball of fire burst about40 yards the government, which. became general, above the British ship Montague, admiral throughout Canada and caused serious disChambers, knocking down five men, shat- turbances. tering the maintop mast, and otherwise in- 1839. Riot of 10,000 chartists from the juring the ship. The ball was first visible mines and colleries, who attacked Newport, about three miles from the ship, at mid- England, led on by John Frost, an exday, and rose before it burst. magistrate. About 20 of the rioters were 1749. At Stoke, in Glocestershire, about killed, and Frost taken prisoner. 6 P. M., the inhabitants were surprised by 1845. ELEAZER BLACKMAN, the last sura brilliant light surpassing that of the sun. vivor of the massacre at Wyoming, died It was seen but for a few minutes. at Hanover, Pa. 424 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 4. 1848. The new constitution of France, 1702. The earl of Marlborough taken by adopted in the general assembly, by 739 to a French party, but not being known, on 30. producing a French pass, he was suffered 1853. LUCIEN B. WEBSTER, a United to escape. States officer, died at fort Brown, Texas. 1714. BERNARDIN ROMAZZINI, an Italian He served on the eastern frontier in the physician, died at Padua, aged 81. Altime of the Aroostook trouble, and also dis- though blind he discharged the duties of tinguished himself at Buena Vista. professor of medicine with great applause 1853. Battle of Oltenitza, between the in the university. Turks and Russians, in which the latter 1732. JAMES OGLETHORPE, with several lost 1,200 killed and wounded. colonists, embarked for Georgia, in America. 1757. Battle of Rossbach, a village in NOVEMBER 5. Prussian Saxony; a decisive victory obtained by Frederick the great over the 1500. COLUMBUS arrived at Cadiz in fet- French and Austrians under Soubise. ters; when the king and queen, ashamed 1764. CHARLES CHURCHILLithe celebratof the orders they had given, commanded ed English poet, died at Boulogne. him to be released. Notwithstanding the 1774. The militia of Virginia, assembled apologies of his sovereigns, Columbus at fort Gower under lord Dunmore, the never forgot this ignominy. He preserved royal governor, declared their determinahis fetters, hung them up in his apart- tion to support their countrymen, when ment, and ordered them to be buried with called upon, and not the king, if he prohim. ceeded to execute the late obnoxious laws 1548. There fell in Thuringia what is by force. described as a ball of fire, which was at- 1780. VASILI EVDOKIMOVITcH ADADUROR, tended with a great noise; and a reddish a Russian mathematician, died. He insubstance like coagulated blood was after structed Catharine II in the Russian lanwards found on the ground. guage. 1605. Gunpowder plot discovered; a 1782. The America, a 74 gun ship, conspiracy for blowing up the English built at Portsmouth, N. H., by order of parliament, headed by Catesby. In the congress, was launched. This was the cellar was found 40 barrels of powder and first line of battle ship ever built in AmeGuy Fawkes. rica. 1607. The famous grace Non Nobis Domi- 1798. LEWIS GALVANI, an Italian philoni, composed by Bird, was first sung, on sopher, died at Bologna; celebrated as the second anniversary of the gunpowder the discoverer of that kind of electricity plot. called, after him, Galvanism. (See Feb. 1612. Prince HENRY died, aged 19. His 5, 1799.) funeral expenses were ~16,016, yet his 1807. MARIA ANGELICA KAUFFMAN, an father, king James, would allow no mourn- eminent French painter, and royal acadeing for him. mician in London, died at Rome. She is 1630. JOHN KEPLER, a celebrated Ger- styled by the Germans, "the painter of man astronomer, died. His genius and the soul;" and her mental acquirements discoveries have been highly commended; and moral conduct were no less distinbut he maintained some very peculiar no- guished than her talents as an artist. tions; among others, that the globe is a 1816. GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, an American huge animal, which breathes out the statesman and orator, died at his seat of winds through the holes in the mountains, Morrisiana, near New York. as through its mouth and nostrils. 1817. CHARLOTTE AUGUSTA, wife of 1635. THOMAS PARR, an English peasant, prince Leopold of Coburg, and daughter died at the age of 152. His habits were of George IV of England and queen Caroextremely temperate, and it is supposed line, died. The domestic life of the two that his death was hastened by a change former is held to be a pattern-not so the of diet. JAMES BOWLES died in England latter. in 1656, at the same age. 1831. PHILIP VAN COURTLAND, an officer 1678. JOHN BAPTIST NANI, a Venitian of the revolutionary war, died at New nobleman and ambassador, died. He York, aged 82. wrote a history of Venice, and an account 1839. The British war ships Volage and of his embassy to France. Hyacinth proceeding to Chumpee in vio1690. THOMAS BARTHOLINE died; an lation of the Chinese proclamation, were eminent professor of law and history at approached by 29 Chinese war junks, Copenhagen. His three brothers were which they attacked. Six of the junks professors in the same university, and his were sunk or blown up, and upwards of sister an excellent Danish poetess. 500 men killed. The English suffered no Nov. 5.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 425 injury. This was the beginning of the quary, died. His memory is extravagantly Chinese war. lauded, as another Livy, &c. 1840. GEORGE R. T. HEWES, one of the 1622. King JAMES issued " a proclamapersons who assisted in throwing the tea tion, prohibiting interloping and disorderly overboard in Boston harbor in the begin- trading to New England, in America." ning of the revolution, died at German This remarkable edict was intended to Flats, aged 106. protect the trade of the colony, but so far 1854. GEORGE CATHCART, an eminent from proving beneficial to the company, British general, killed at the battle of really brought on its dissolution. Inkerman, aged 60. 1632. Battle of Lutzen, and death of 1854. CHARLES KEMBLE, an eminent GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. The imperial troops, English comedian, died at London, aged 40,000 mien, under Wallenstein, were de74; the last surviving brother of this feated by the Swedes, 27,000, under Gusdistinguished family. tavus. The famous general Papenheim 1854. Battle of Inkerman, in which was mortally wounded. 50,000 Russians engaged 14,000 British 1644. THOMAS ROE, an English statesand French. Russians lost about 9,000 man, died. During his residence at the besides prisoners; allies lost about 4,000. court of Constantinople, he made a valua1854. By the cholera which prevailed ble collection of manuscripts, which were this season, the number of deaths up to presented to the Bodleian library. this day were: in New York, 2,425; in 1656. JOHN IV (the Fortunate), of PortuPhiladelphia, 575; in Boston, 255; in gal, died. He undertookl the emancipaPittsburg, 600. tion of his country from the Spanish yoke, 1855. Battle at the river Ingour; Omar in which he was successful and was placed Pasha with 20,000 Turks defeated 10,000 upon the throne. Russians. 1656. JOHN BAPTIST MORIN, a celebrated French physician, died. He acquired great reputation as an astrologer, and conNOVEMBER 6. suIted the stars for Richelieu and Mazarin. 1714. CHARLES DAVENANT, an English 606 B. C. The memory of the book of writer, died. Besides his works on politiJeremiah torn and burnt by king Jehoia- cal economy, his tragedy was received kim, was observed as a fast, on the 6th with great applause. of the Hebrew month Caslew. 1769. CLAUDE SIMEON PASSEMANT died. 63 B. c. CATALINE assembled the con- He was brought up to a trade in Paris, spirators on the evening of this day, to which he quitted for higher pursuits. fire the capital and cut off the principal Among his ingenious labors, are mencitizens and the senate. tioned an astronomical pendulum with 644. OMAR 1, the second caliph after a moving celestial sphere, a burning mirMahomet, assassinated. His reign was ror, and some globes. signalized by many important events. The 1790. JAMES BOWDoIN, governor of Masmost extraordinary success attended the sachusetts, died. He was constantly emarms of the new religion; 36,000 towns ployed in the public service on the side of and villages were conquered; the Alexan- his country, and was honored at home drian library and 4,000 Christian temples and abroad for his literary acquirements. were destroyed; 400 mosques were built, 1792. Battle of Gemappe, in which the and the ancient canal between the Nile French revolutionists under Dumourier, and the Red sea was restored. after a bloody action, gained a decisive 1406. Pope INNOCENT VII died. victory over the Austrians; and a short 1457. GUTENBTERG ceded to Faust all time after every town in the Netherlands the moulds, types, presses and utensils of except Luxemburg was in the hands of the office, as surety for the sums advanced the French. by the latter to carry on the business of 1793. Louis JOSEPH PHILIP, duke of printing and experimenting. The partner- Orleans, guillotined at Paris. His characship was dissolved, andGutenberg,with the ter and morals were infamous. He gave assistance of Conrad Humery, opened his vote for the death of the king, an act another office in the same city. which shocked even the most abandoned 1460. JOHN FASTOLFF, a brave English of his friends. general, died, aged 80. Shakspeare has 1806. Battle of Lubec; the French unabused the character of this brave, gene- der Bernadotte and Soult carried the town rous and wealthy man, under the name of by assault. Blucher retreated with the Falstaff. It is impossible for two charac- loss of 5,500 prisoners, 5,000 killed and ters to be more at variance than the real wounded, and 300 wagons. and fictitious Falstaff. 1813. The American army under gene1620. RICHARD CAREW, an English anti- ral Wilkinson disembarked the whole of 54 426 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 6. the troops and passed Prescott. A heavy 1665. The first Gazette in England was cannonade was opened by the British on published at Oxford, where the court had the flotilla of 300 boats, not one of which retired, during the great plague. It was was touched, however. removed to London in the February fol1832. Grand festival in Sweden in honor lowing, and took the title of London Gaof Gustavus Adolphus, it being the 200th zette. (Quaere.) anniversary of the battle of Lutzen. 1696. Third frame of government of 1839. WILLIAM B. CONWAY, secretary of Pennsylvania passed by Gov. Matthews. Iowa territory, died; well known as a 1704. ANDREW ACOLUTH (.dcoluthus), a poet, and a man of literary talent and German linguist of extraordinary acquiretaste. ments, died. 1840. THOMAS PRINCE, a colored man, 1724. JOHN KYRLE, the celebrated Man died in New York, aged 111. He is said of Ross, died, aged 90. He is immortalto have been "as quick as a man in the ized by Pope, and more by his own beneprime of life;" he died suddenly, with- ficent actions. out sickness. 1724. The president and vice-president 1842. WILLIAM HONE, the well known of Thorn, in Poland, sentenced to be beauthor of the Every Day Book, died at headed for neglect of duty, it being alleged Tottenham, England. His political satires that they had suffered religionists to riot. gave him some distinction. The sentences against the protestants were 1852. DANIEL DRAKE, an eminent phy- so severe and harsh, that all the protestant sician, of Cincinnati, died, aged 67. He powers of Europe interposed for a reversal, published a work on the Diseases of the but without success. Valley of North 4dmerica, and earned the 1752. The A.dventurer, by Dr. Hawkesreputation of a man of high talent, un- worth, appeared. sparing labor and prodigal research. 1775. Lord DUNMORE declared Virginia 1853. The first presbyterian Chinese to be in a state of rebellion; he proclaimed church organized at San Francisco. martial law, and invited the slaves to join him. 1783. The last person publicly burned by the Spanish inquisition. This was a NOVEMBER 7. woman, who perished at Seville. The victims of that diabolical institution were 63 B. c. CICERO, with the'authority of afterwards doomed to die in dungeons, a consul, summoned the senate to the where the shrieks of agonizing nature could temple of Jupiter, where it was assembled only be heard by those whose interest it only in times of public alarm, and deliver- was to conceal them. ed his famous invective in the presence of 1794. Nymegen, which had been proCataline. nounced by British engineers strong 3 B. C. CAIUS CILNIUS MAECENAS the enough to check the irruption of the friend and counselor of Augustus, died. sans cullotes into Holland, was evacuated To him Virgil dedicated his Georgics, and by the British and Dutch, who succeeded Horace his Odes. in crossing the Waal. 1280. The statute in English law called 1805. LEWIs and CLARK'S party arrived quo warranto, passed. at the mouth of the Columbia river, in 1297. WALLACE granted a protection to sight of the ocean. the monks of Hexham, for their lives and 1806. The Prussian general BLUCHER, possessions. " Abide with me, for there surrendered to the French, with 16,000 alone can you be secure; for my people men and 80 cannon. This was the last are evil doers, and I can not punish body of the Prussians left after the battle them." of Jena, and closed all opposition to the 1492. A marvelous thunder stone fell views of Bonaparte in Prussia. about mid-day at Ensisheim, in Alsace, 1811. Battle of Tippecanoe; the Indians which weighed as is learnedly attested, under the Shawnee prophet, brother of 255 pounds. Tecumseh, were defeated by the United 1594. MARTIN FROBISHER, the English States troops under Gen. Harrison. The navigator, wounded at Croyson near Brest, Indians lost 300 killed; American loss, 188 of which he died. killed and wounded. 1609. The Half Moon, under Henry 1812. Battle of Dorogobouche; the RusHudson, on her return from the discovery sians attacked the retreating French army, of New York and Albany, arrived at Dart- which, after a desperate and sanguinary mouth, in England, whence he forwarded contest, retreated to the river Dnieper. tidings of his arrival and an account of his The field presented to the victors a condiscoveries, to the directors of the East tinued line of dead and dying, the snow India company at Amsterdam. being absolutely blackened with the bodies Nov. 7.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 427 of man and beast, destroyed by ball or clesiastic, died, aged 81. H6 was eminent sword, cold or famine. as a statesman, warrior and patron of 1814. Pensacola, in Florida, taken by learning, and was at the head of the Spanthe Americans under Gen. Jackson, who ish government many years. He was the kept possession of it until the Spaniards publisher of the Complutensian Polyglott. could obtain a sufficient force to maintain 1519. The Spaniards under Cortez entheir neutrality from violation by the tered the city of Mexico. British. 1520. A general massacre of all the no1836. A great balloon journey from Lon- bility of Sweden, except Gustavus Vasa, don to Weilburg, in Nassau, a distance of whose providential escape led to a revolunearly 600 miles, which was traversed in tion, and the separation of the union 18 hours. It carried upwards of a ton between Denmark, Sweden and Norway, ballast, besides a quantity of wine and and the deposition of Christian II, by other stores; its greatest elevation was 2 whom the bloody deed was instigated. miles. 1608. The Bodleian library at Oxford, 1837. The press of the.alton Observer, England, first opened to the public. an anti-slavery newspaper, destroyed for 1674. JOHN MILTON, an illustrious Engthe third time at Alton, Illinois, by the lish poet, died. He also wrote many pomob. The Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy, the litical and controversial tracts, and a Hiseditor, was killed, and also one of the tory of Britain, which occupied him many mob. years. 1838. ANNE GRANT, a Scottish author- 1690. Belgrade retaken by the Turks. ess, died, aged 84. She was distinguished 1777. British attacked Mud fort, now for her literary taste and conversational fort Mifflin. It was gallantly defended by powers. The scene of her d.dmerican Lady, a few militia under Col. Smith, who reis laid in the city of Albany. pulsed the enemy. 1842. WILLIAM MCPHEETERS, a distin- 1781. LEWIS POULLE, a French ecclesiguished American divine, and for many astic, died; celebrated for his eloquence, years a successful teacher of youth, died and for his poetry. at Raleigh, N. C. 1792. The French under Dampierre, 1848. Agreeably to an act of the Ameri- took Ath, which contained several large can congress, all the states voted for elect- magazines. They also took possession of ors for president and vice-president. Nieuwpoort, Ostend and Bruges on the same 1856. The first marriage of a Hindoo day. At the same time another army of widow was celebrated at Calcutta, the par- the French took Tournay, and all Flanders ties being of high rank. submitted to them. 0 1793. MARY JANE PHILIPON ROLAND, an eminent French lady, guillotined. She NOVEMBER 8. was a woman of great information and superior talents. She published her travels 532. Pope BONIFACE II died; his father in England and Switzerland, was the soul was a Goth; he was elected to the ponti- of the republican party, and secretly gofical office in 530. verned many of the public measures which 1226. Louis VIII (the Lion), king of were proposed in the convention before it France, died. He was distinguished for fell into the foulest hands. his valor, and waged successful war against 1799. BONAPARTE affected a revolution the English and other nations. He finally in Paris, and the councils of Ancients, and lost the greater part of his army by con- Five Hundred, adjourned to St. Cloud. tagious disease, and perished by it him- 1805. Battle of Marientzel; the French self. under Davoust defeated the allies, took 16 1231. ABDU-L-LATTIF, an Arabian physi- cannon and 3,000 prisoners. cian, historian and traveler, died, aged 69. 1806. Magdeburg, in Lower Saxony, He wrote upwards of 160 works, of which surrendered to the French under Ney. a history of Egypt is highly esteemed. He took 20 generals, 16,000 men, 800 1308. JOHN DUNS (Duns Scotus), a cele- pieces of artillery, 1,000,000 pounds of brated theologian, died. He affected to powder, and a vast bridge equipage, and maintain opinions contrary to those of immense magazines of all kinds. Thomas Aquinas, which produced two 1808. A Mr. DOWLER, of Towcetser, parties in the schools, the Thomists'and England, completed, on a wager, a pedesthe Scotists. trian performance of 500 miles in 7 days. 1512. AMERY D'AMBOISE, a French ad- 1809. The French attacked, carried and miral, died; famous for the naval victory plundered the town of Hostalrick, but he obtained over the sultan of Egypt, two were forced to retire by Gen. Quadrado, years before his death. who retook the plunder. 1517. FRANCIS XIMENES, a Spanish ec- 1809. The functions of the British min 428 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 8. ister, Francis James Jackson, ceased by son's river. Stearing northward again they order of President Madison, and he was were clear of the danger before night, and debarred all intercourse with the American the next day, a storm coming on, they government. dropped anchor in cape Cod harbor. 1813. Battle of Tallegada; the Indians 1623. WILLIAM CAMDEN, an illustrious defeated by Gen. Jackson. English historian, died. He is styled the 1814. British ship Leander captured Pausanias of England. American privateer schooner Gen. Put- 1641. FRANCIS DE ST. PREUIL, a distinnam, 8 guns and 57 men; her guns were guished French officer, and governor of thrown overboard during this and a form- Arras, beheaded at Amiens. er chase. 1677. GILBERT SHELDON, archbishop of 1828. THOMAS BEWICK, one of the most Canterbury, died. It appeared, after his celebrated engravers on wood in England, death, that he had bestowed, during 14 died. Engraving the cuts for the cele- years, about $250,000 in private and public brated Dr. Hutton's mensuration first in- charities. troduced him to notice while yet an ap- 1704. Admiral LEAKE obliged the French prentice. and Spanish blockading squadron to retire 1837. EDWARD DORR GRIFFIN, an eminent from Gibraltar. American divine, died; 15 years president 1732. ROBERT STEPHENS died; an emiof Williams college. nent English antiquary and historiographer 1853. A new planet in the constellation royal. Taurus was discovered by Mr. Hind, an 1775. ARNOLD, at the head of 1,000 men, English astronomer. It was the ninth arrived before Quebec. The unexpected planet discovered by Mr. Hind in the appearance of an army, emerging out of course of seven years, and raised the num- the depths of an unexplored wilderness, ber of that extraordinary group of worlds threw the city into the greatest consternabetween Mars and Jupiter to twenty-seven. tion; but want of boats to cross gave the citizens time to rally, and the critical moment was lost. The, sufferings of this NOVEMBER 9. detachment were incredible. They ate their horses and dogs, and, after soaking 2348 B. c. The great flood began, accord- their cartouch boxes, belts and leather ing to Polyhistor, from Berosus, upon the breeches, absolutely ate them. 15th, or the ides, of the Assyrian month 1794. The Jacobin society attacked by Doesia, agreeing with this day. This event the Parisian mob, and several persons sewas prefigured to the patriarch in a vision, verely wounded by stones thrown into the when the deity enjoined him to commit to windows of the hall of their sitting. writing a history of all things, which he 1794. MAASTRICHT, aft'er a bombardment was to bury in the city of the sun, at Sipa- of som'e days, capitulated to the French; ra. The same uninspired authority informs 8,000 men surrendered prisoners of war. us, that Noah was the tenth king of the The place was invested on the 10th Sept. Chaldea, and that he reigned 18 sari. by 50,000 republicans, and the first parallel 1606. JEROME MERCURIALIS died; an was opened on the 23d October. Italian physician of great abilities, and au- 1799. The celebrated but bloodless revothor of several works. lution at Paris, of the 18th Brumaire, 1616. ARGAL returned to Virginia from which, dissolving the directory, invested his expedition against the French settle- Bonaparte with the supreme authority. ments in Acadia. At St. Savior he broke " You are the wisdom of the nation;" he in pieces the cross which the Jesuits had addressed the council, "I come, surrounderected, and set up another inscribed with ed by the generals of the republic, to prothe name of the king of Great Britain; at mise you their support. Let us lose no St. Croix he destroyed all the remains of time in looking for precedents. Nothing De Monts' settlement; at Port Royal the in history resembles the close of the 18th entire settlement was reduced to ashes in century-nothing in the 18th century rethe short space of two hours. sembles this movement. Your wisdom has 1620. The pilgrims, after a boisterous devised the necessary measure; our arms passage, at break of day discovered the shall put it in execution." land of cape Cod. Finding that they had 1802. THOMAS G(IRTEN, an English artist, been carried north of their destination (see died. He introduced the practice of drawSept. 6) they sailed southward; but falling ing upon cartridge paper, by which he among shoals, and the season being late, avoided certain appearances incident to the captain gladly took advantage of their the drawings on white paper. solicitude to put about, for he had been 1803. BENJAMIN LEDYARD, an officer in clandestinely promised a reward by the the revolutionary war, died at Scipio,'N Dutch if he would not carry them to Hud- Y. He was a meritorious soldier; at the Nov. 9.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 429 time of his death held the office of clerk she lived 24 years, and survived him of Cayuga county. tearly half a century. 1806. ELEAZER BROOKS, an officer of the 1856. N. CABET, founder of the Icarian revolution, died at Concord, Mass. He community at Nauvoo, Illinois, died at St. commanded a regiment at White Plains Louis, aged about 69. and Stillwater, and distinguished himself by his cool courageand determined bravery. 1806. BONAPARTE livied a contribution NOVEMBER 10. on the Prussian dominion and its allies of 160,000,000. 1757 A. M. The waters of the deluge had 1812. BONAPARTE, on his retreat from subsided, and the earth became dry on the Moscow, had his head quarters at Smol- 27th of the 2d month, corresponding with ensk. When he left Moscow his army this date (Nov. 10). amounted to 100,000; it now scarcely 570. Birthday of MAHOMET, as settled numbered 60,000. by the Benedictines: by other authority, 1813. British repulsed in an attack on April 21, 571. Ogdensburgh. 1202. Siege of Jadera, now Zara, by the 1813. Commodore CHLAUXcEY'S squadron, Venitian crusaders. It was a Rdman city, the whole carrying but 36 guns, again dis- colonized by Augustus. covered the Royal George, 26 guns, and 1270. EDWARD I joined the African cruchased her under the batteries, which he sade before Tunis, a few weeks after the engaged one hour and forty-five minutes. death of Louis, in his tent. He had 1 killed and 3 wounded. 1444. Battle of Varna, between the 1839. GILBERT Y. FRANCIS died at New Turks under Amurath, and the Christians Orleans, of yellow fever. His life was ro- under Ladislaus of Hungary, in which the mantic and eventful. He was in early life latter were defeated, and Ladislaus and attached to the navy; then to the stage; 10,000 slain. had traveled over the four quarters of the 1549. PAUL III (.Alexander Farnese), pope, globe; was two years a prisoner in the great died. It was with him that Henry VIII desert of Arabia; a slave to the bashaw came to a rupture, which severed the of Tunis; lieutenant of a guerilla party in church of England from that of Rome. Spain; master of a Dutch luggar trading to 1558. Last auto-da-f6 in the reign of the Malaccas; overseer of a sugar estate in queen MARY of England. It is supposed Jamaica; a cutter of logwood in the forest that in about three years 280 persons perof Campeachy; a prisoner among banditti ished at the stake. in Mexico; a captive among the Caman- 1567. ANNE DE MONTMORENCY, marshal ches; ransomed by some Oregon fur trad- of France, killed at the battle of St. ers; employed by the governor of the Denis, after performing prodigies of valor. Russian settlements to command a brig in He commanded at many memorable batthe wheat trade with Chili; married in tles. Virginia; and was extensively engaged in 1624. HENRY WROITESLEY, earl of Souththe Texan operations when death arrested ampton, one of the most steady patrons of him. men of learning, died at Bergen-op-Zoom, 1848. The king of Prussia prorogued the in Holland. general assembly, at Berlin, naming 1683. JOHN COLLINS, an eminent EngBrandenburgh as the place of next meet- lish mathematician, died; the intimate ing. correspondent of the learned men of his 1848. BLUM, a distinguished publisher times. at Leipsic, shot, at Vienna, as an insurrec- 1715.' GODFREY OLEARIUS, a learned tionist and deputy for Frankfort. German divine and historian, died. 1851. WILLIAM CROSWELL, an episcopal 1721. JOHN MAPLETOFT, an eminent clergyman of Boston, died, aged 47. He English physician and divine, aied, aged was a man of eminent ability, piety; mod- 91. esty and worth, and his poetical produc- 1722. The Royal Anne galley, cast away tions are of a high order of merit. near Lizard point, and lord Bellhaven, 1853. The ceremony of inaugurating the governor of Barbadoes, with other passenWashington aqueduct took place at the gers and ship's crew, perished. A boy great falls of the Potomac, president Pierce and two sailors only saved. turning the first turf. 1735. THOMAS DEAN, of Malden, a writer 1854. ELIZABETH HAMILTON, widow of and printer, died in Kent, aged 102. Alexander Hamilton, died at Washington, 1750. EDWARD BRIGHT, an English groaged 93. She was a daughter of general cer, died, aged 29. His height was 5 feet Philip Schuyler, of Albany; married lieu- 10 inches, his bulk round the body, 6 feet tenant colonel Hamilton, then an aid of 11 inches, and his weight, 537 pounds. general Washington, in 1780, with whom 1758. The oldest lion in the Tower of 430 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 10. London died. Said to be 68 years old. It sive of the loss of the Spanish; French had been presented to James II, by one of loss, 3000. the Barbary states. 1825. Com. McDoNOUGE, who command1769. Capt. HOLLYMORE died, at Vaux- ed the fleet at Plattsburgh in 1814, died of hall, Eng. His mother had prepossessed consumption at Middletown, Conn. him when a child, that he should die on 1832. JOHN GASPARD SPURZHEIM, the the 10th of November, 1769, and in con- celebrated German phrenologist, died. He sequence of that prepossession, he made came to America in the same year of his his will, and gave orders about his funeral; death, after having traveled through seveand though seemingly in perfect health ral countries on the continent, for the purwhen he went to bed, was found dead pose of propagating the science, and maknext morning, without the least sign of ing investigations. violence of any kind. 1834. EARL SPENCER, an English states1781. Negapatam, in the East Indies, man, died. He was much respected for surrendered by the Dutch to the British, his talents and virtues, and possessed the with 8000 prisoners. finest private library in Europe. 1794. The French convention closed the 1835. ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT died; a Swehall of the Jacobins, and banished the so- dish author of great learning, who resided ciety. They also banished the emigrants at Macao, in China, 40 years, and wrote forever from France, and confiscated their a history of the Portuguese settlements in estates. China. 1795. The schooner White Fish arrived 1837. ALBERT PAWLING died, aged 88; at Philadelphia, from Presque isle, on lake an officer in the revolutionary army, and Erie. The White Fish was 17 feet keel, engaged in several battles. He was the and 5.feet 7 inches beam, and performed first sheriff of Rensselaer county, and first her remarkable voyage in 7 weeks, passing mayor of Troy. the falls of Niagara 10 miles by land, and 1838. SANTA CRuz, president of Bolivia, proceeding by lake Ontario, the Oswego and protector of Peru, entered Lima at the river, lake Oneida, Wood creek, the Mo- head of a large army-Gomarra, with the hawk and Hudson rivers, to her place of Chilian army, having evacuated it. destination-947 miles. The vessel was 1843. JOHN TRUMBELL, a celebrated built and navigated by two young men, American painter, and aid to general Washwho made their unique voyage without ington during the war of the revolution, chart or compass. died in New York, aged 87. He was bu1797. CATHARINE II, of Russia, died. ried in New Haven, where fifty-five of his She seized her husband and probably had paintings are preserved in the college. His him murdered, by which she became sole chef-d'cuuvre is the great painting of the mistress of the throne. She possessed signers of the declaration of independence. many bad qualities, mixed with some good 1851. WILLIAM G. BELKNAP, an officer ones. of the United States army, died, aged 56. 1797. FREDERICK WILLIAM II, of Prus- He distinguished himself at Buena Vista. sia, died. 1852. The punishment of death re-es1802. An island in latitude 50 49' N. tablished in Tuscany, for treason, crimes longitude, 1620 23' W. from London, dis- against religion, murder, and robbery with covered by captain Sowle, of the Palmyra, violence. - of Providence, R. I., which he called Pal- 1852. A treaty was ratified between the myra island. courts of Vienna and Rome, stipulating 1808. Guy CARLETON, a distinguished that the latter should support in the terriBritish officer in America, and governor of tories of the pope, 12,000 infantry and Canada, died. His great exertions saved 1400 cavalry, for whom $18,000 per month Canada, when besieged by the Americans was to be paid by the papal government. under Montgomery and Arnold. 1852. GIDEON ALGERNON MANTELL, an 1812. United States schooner Growler, eminent English geologist, died in Lonlieutenant Mix, having under convoy a don, aged 62. British prize schooner, by a masterly ma- 1853. THOMAS M. NELSON, an officer in noeuvre saved his prize and captured an- the war of 1812, died at Columbus, Ga., other British schooner, under convoy of aged 71. two armed ships, on lake Ontario. The 1853. MARIA, queen of Portugal, died schooner had $12,000 oin board, and the in childbed. She was buried on the 19th private property and baggage of general with great solemnity, and demonstrations Brock. of public regret. 1813. The British under lord Wellington attacked the French position at Anhoue, in Spain, and took 51 cannon and 1400 prisoners. British loss, 2484, exclu Nov. 11.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 431 1673. Battle of Choczin; the Turks deNOVEMBER 11. feated by John Sobieski, with the loss of 28,000. 397. ST. MARTIN, the apostle of Gaul, 1692. The negroes of the Barbadoes died. He was a soldier, converted to conspired against their masters for which Christianity, and made bishop of Tours. many of them were executed. The festival of Martinmas was instituted 1714. GEORGE I issued an order of in honor of him, in the year 560. council against the clergy meddling with 619. ST. JOHN (the Almoner) died. He state affairs in their sermons. was a native of Cyprus, raised to the see 1750. APOSTOLO ZENO, a learned Veniof Alexandria. tian, died. He was a poet, and historian 1100. Nuptials of HENRY I of England to Charles VI; his works are numerous (Beauclerk) and MAUD, the fair daughter of and popular. Malcolm, king of Scots, and niece of Edgar 1778. A body of tories, Indians and Atheling, " of the right kingly kin of Eng- British regulars, under the notorious John land." Butler, attacked fort Alden, at Cherry 1213. Date of the most ancient writ, Valley. After an attack of 3 hours, they summoning four discreet knights of the retreated, having killed 10 soldiers, and counties, to meet king John at Oxford, in massacred 32 inhabitants, mostly women 15 days from All Saints, ad loquendum no- and children. biscum de negotiis regni nostri. 1793. JOHN SYLVAIN BAILLY, a famous 1400. TIMoUR the Mogul sacked Aleppo, French astronomer, died. He was inthe capital of the Mamelukes. He thus duced to leave his studies for political addressed one of the cadhis: "I am not distinction, and lost his life by manifesta man of blood; and God is my witness, ing some regard for justice. that in all my wars, I have never been the 1793. The amount of gold and silver aggressor, and that my enemies have al- collected in Paris from all parts of the reways been the authors of their own cala- public, for the purpose of carrying on the mities." measures of the government vigorously, 1462. ANNE of Cyprus, died. She was about two hundred millions of dolmarried Lewis, duke of Savoy, and showed lars. herself able, active and discriminating at 1794. A treaty was concluded at Cananthe head of public affairs. daigua between the United States by Timo1572. TYCHO BRAHE observed a new star thy Pickering, and the Six Nations by 58 of in Cassiopeia, a phenomenon which had their chiefs, among whom were Red Jacket not been recorded since the age of Hippar- and Cornplanter. chus. In splendor it was equal to Jupiter 1794. Marquis LAFAYETTE escaped from and Venus, and did not change its posi- the prison at Olmutz. tion in two years. 1797. JOSEPH TOALDO, an Italian phy1620. The Plymouth pilgrims signed an sician, died. He was professor of matheinstrument for their government, which matics at Padua, and bestowed much was to go into force on their landing. It attention on subjects of electricity, astrohad the signatures of 41 of their number; nomy and meteorology. and they with their families amounted to 1805. Battle of Diernsten; the French 101 persons. John Carver was chosen under Mortier defeated the Russians after governor for one year. Thus did these a sanguinary battle. intelligent colonists, says Holmes, find 1807. Three British orders in council means to erect themselves into a republic, restricting neutral trade with France and even though they had commenced their her allies. This was termed a paper enterprise under the sanction of a royal blockade, was strongly resisted by Americharter; "a case that is rare in history, ca, and finally, with other aggressions, and. can be effected only by that persever- brought on a war in 1812. ance which the true spirit of liberty in- 1807. The decree of Napoleon restrict spires." ing the trade of Holland went into opera1621. ROBERT CUSHMAN arrived at Ply- tion, by which the commerce of that mouth, in a ship from England, bringing country, after a long declension, was 35 persons to remain in the colony, and totally ruined. a charter procured in London. 1813. Battle of Williamsburg, in Cana1623. PHILIP DE MORNAY, baron du Ple- da. The Americans under general Boyd, sis Marly, died; an illustrious French 1700, attacked the British, 2170. The protestant, a political and polemical writer, victory was claimed by both parties, and pri7y counselor of the king. * though it seems to have been with the 1671. THOMAS FAIRFAX, one of the British. American loss, killed 102, woundprincipal generals in the civil wars of ed 237; British loss, officially stated at England, died. 180-thought to exceed 500. 432 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 11. 1817. FRANCISCO ESPOZ Y MINA, one of the Spanish armada, and his expeditions the most distinguished of the Spanish to the West Indies. patriots, executed in Spain. 1606. The expedition of the Plymouth 1835. Great tempest on lake Erie; a company under Challons (See Aug. 12), number of lives and vessels lost; the wa- on its passage from the West Indies toter rose higher than it was ever known wards the American coast, was captured before at Buffalo, and did great damage. by a Spanish fleet and carried into Spain, 1837. THOMAS GREEN FESSENDEN, an where the vessel was confiscated. American poet and agricultural writer, 1684. Birthday of admiral EDWARD died. He conducted the New England VERNON. The anniversary of his birthday Farmer many years; was a man of exten- was kept with great enthusiasm formerly, sive information and considerable literary in England, especially about the year acquirements. 1740. 1849. HENRY MAYNADIER, a revolution- 1688. ANDREW ANDERSON commenced ary officer and army surgeon, died at an auction sale of books, the first of the Annapolis, Maryland, aged 93. kind in Scotland. 1855. THOMAS WILDE, baron Truro, died 1722. ADRIAN VAN DER WERF, a Dutch at London. As one of the best pleaders portrait painter of great reputation, died. at the English bar, he was employed as He was held in great esteem, received a one of the counsel for queen Caroline. pension and the honor of knighthood. He filled many offices of distinction and 1746. JACQ. ALEXANDER CASAR CHARLES, became lord chancellor in 1850. in his lifetime so well known as a natural 1855. JEDDO, in the island of Japan de- philosopher, was born at Baujency, in stroyed by an earthquake. France. He was the first to make use of hydrogen gas instead of heated air in balloons. 1775. Montreal surrendered to the NOVEMBER 12. Americans; general Prescott, and several officers with 120 privates were intercepted. 606. BONIFACE III, pope, died. He es- Eleven sail of vessels, with all their contablished the superiority of the popes over tents, fell into the hands of the provinthe patriarchs of Constantinople. cials. 1035. CANUTE (the Great), king of Den- 1775. British ships Tamarand and Chemark, died. He took part of England rokee attacked the United States schooner from Edmund Ironsides, and afterwards Defence, off South Carolina. This was seized the whole kingdom. the commencement of open hostilities in 1041. The people rose on the tax col- that state. The Defence sustained but litlectors of Hardi Canute of England, and tle injury. slew them. 1780. Battle of Broad river; a band of 1493. COLUMBUS arrived at Navidad, on American volunteers under Sumpter atthe north side of Hispaniola, where he tacked by the British under major Wemys, had left a colony on his first voyage, and who were defeated and Wemys taken. had the mortification to find that the peo- 1783. The crew of the British ship Anple were all dead, and the fort destroyed. telope, wrecked on the Pelew island 1550. PAUL FAGIUS (Buchlin), a learned (see Aug. 10), sailed for China in a vessel protestant German minister, died in Eng- which they had constructed, taking the land. He undertook a new translation king's son, Lee Boo. and illustration of the Old Testament un- 1793. BAILLY, late mayor of Paris, beder Cromwell, but died before he had headed. He was a patriot and man of made much progress. science. The first to take the famous oath 1555. STEPHEN GARDINER, bishop of never to separate till they had obtained a Winchester and chancellor of England, free constitution. died. In his character as a minister, he 1799. Meteoric shower observed at Cuhad a large portion of haughtiness, bound- mana, in South America; thousands of less ambition and deep dissimulation; for falling stars were seen to succeed each he looked upon religion as an engine of other during four hours. state, and made use of it as such. 1805. ROBERT HOLMES, an English di1562. PIrER MARTYR, a distinguished vine, died. He was distinguished as a commentator on the Bible, died at Zurich. poet and scholar, and for his devotion to 1589. The first notice of the appoint- Biblical criticism. ment of a licenser of stage plays, &c., in 1812. The Russians under Orloff DeniLondon. zoff attacked a strong body of French with 1595. JOHN HAWKINS, an English admi- a large convoy of provisions, cattle, horses, ral, died. He signalized himself in the &c., on their way to Smolensk. He killed reign of Elizabeth, by his encounters with 1500 and took 1300 prisoners, 400 wagons Nov. 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 433 of biscuit, brandy and wine, and 200 1499. VINCENT YAiEs PnIzoN sailed head of cattle and 1000 horses destined from Palos, in Spain, for America, with for the artillery. Few of those who es- four caravals, and was the first Spaniard caped ever reached Smolensk, for the who ventured to cross the equinoctial line. inclemency of the weather destroyed He explored a part of the coast of South what the sword had spared. It was a America, and named the river which is dreadful blow to the French army, which still called Amazon-so named from the was reduced to such extremities that the Spaniards observing that the women smallest assistance was invaluable. fought with the same bravery as the men 1813. British frigate Lacedemonian cap- in the common defence. tured Philadelphia sloop Betsey off Carri- 1503. FRANCIsco ALMEIDA, the first Portuck. The British took out the crew, tuguese viceroy of India, having surrenleaving the captain and one man and a dered his office to Albuquerque, sailed boy on board, in charge of a prize master from Cochin for Portugal. and five men. In the night the two Ame- 1539. The Bible, called Matthew's Bible, ricans rose upon the crew, recaptured the was permitted to be read in private houses, vessel, and brought her safe to Washing- "of the royal liberality and goodness." ton, N. C., with their six prisoners. 1549. Pope PAUL III died, and was suc1820. WILLIAM HAYLEY, an English ceeded by cardinal de Monte, who took poet and miscellaneous writer, died. the name of Julius III. 1824. County of Orleans, in western 1553. Arraignment of lady JANE GREY New York, erected. at Guildhall. 1832. BARNABA ORIANI, an Italian as- 1558. Cardinal POLE, since the death of tronomer, died, aged 80. He was director bishop Cranmer, bishop of Canterbury, of the observatory, and one of the most ac- died. complished astronomers of the day. 1620. The Plymouth colonists disem1845. MARIA BROOKS, an American barked on cape Cod, and proceeded to poetess, died, aged about 50. Her princi- make discovery of the country, and search pal poem is Zophies. which is pronounced for a convenient place of settlement. In one of the most original, passionate and the course of this search they found basharmonious works of the imagination ever kets of corn concealed under heaps of sand, conceived. Southey pronounced her "the a quantity of which they brought away in most impassioned and imaginative of a great kettle found at the ruins of an Inpoetesses." dian house. This gave them seed for a 1848. Revolutionary movements in future harvest, and preserved the infant Prussia. The burger guard at Berlin re- colony from starvation. fused to comply with the king's proclama- 1624. THOMAS ERPENIUS died atLeyden; tion to give up their arms. a most learned Dutch writer, and incom1849. The American ship Caleb Grim- parably skilled in the oriental tongues. shaw took fire at sea, and burnt four days, 1646. A new volcano in the island of when 339 of her passengers were rescued; Palma, one of the Canaries, near Teneriffe. 60 who left the vessel on a raft, perished. 1647. Battle of Knockinoss, in Ireland, during the rebellion, when the Irish army of 8,500 strong, under lord Taafe and sir NOVEMBER 13. Alexander MacDonnel, were routed by 5,200 under lord Inchiquin. The Irish 36 B. c. OCTAviUS CAESAR received the left 4,000 in the field of battle. The Britoration for his great naval victory over ish parliament voted lord Inchiquin ~1,000 Sextus, the younger Pompey, in the Sici- for his conduct on the occasion. lian war. 1650. THOMAS MAY, an English dra1002. Massacre of the Danes, throughout matic poet and historian, died. England, by order of king Ethelred, one 1654. WILLIAM HABINGTON, an English of those infamous shifts by which coward poet and historian, died. tyranny secures its sinister purposes. 1690. LEwis DE WOLZOGEN died; a diNeither age nor sex was spared, and vine of Amsterdam, and a zealous partisan among the victims was Gunilda, sister of of the Socinians. Sweyn, king of Denmark. Her husband 1712. JOHN ERNEST GRABE, a Prussian and children were butchered before her divine, died in England, where he pub. eyes. In the following year Sweyn in- lished an edition of the Septuagint, and vaded England and swept the country wrote some valuable works on divinity. with fire and sword. 1712. ARTHUR MAYNwARING, a learned 1004. ABBON DE FLEURY, a French ec- Englishman, died. He was a member of clesiastic of note, who encouraged learning parliament under queen Anne, and wrote among the monastics, died of a wound in prose and verse. he received in attempting to allay a brawl. 1715. Battle of Dumblane between the 55 434 EVERY DAY -BOOK. [Nov. 13. king's troops under the duke of Argyle, 1836. CHARLES SIMEON, a most able and and those of the pretender under the earl zealous English prelate, died at Cambridge. of Mar, not decisive. His works were published in 21 large oc1715. Defeat of the pretender's forces at tavo volumes. His funeral was attended Preston, and many persons taken, among with great solemnity by the whole town; whom was their leader Mr. Foster. the shops were closed and 1,300 persons 1726. SOPHIA DOROTHY, only child of joined the processionin the deepest mournthe duke of Zell, and wife of George I, of ing. England, died. The malice of another 1839. The town of Kelat, in Beloochissubjected her to 32 years' captivity. tan, taken by the British army. Mehrab 1770. GEORGE GRENVILLE, a celebrated Khan was killed, his principal sirdirs killEnglish statesman, died. He was distin- ed or taken, and hundreds of. others capguished for his eloquence in the senate. tured. 1771. Eruption of Solway Moss, in Eng- 1854. A great tempest raged over the land. It is about seven miles in circum- Black sea, which continued several days; ference, and composed of mud and putrid 18 British and 12 French ships were lost fibres of heath, diluted by internal springs. near Balaclava, together with 340 men and It burst its barrier in the night, and laid a a large amount of property. large tract of country in ruin. 1781. JOHN MOODY hanged at Philadelphia as a spy. He intended to have seized NOVEMBER 14. the books and papers of congress. 1798. JEAN FRANCOIS CALLET, a French' 332. B. c. Era of the accession of Alexmathematician, died. It was to prevent ander the great to the Persian rule. the occurrence of errors in his tables that 565. JUSTINIAN I, emperor of Rome, Didlot attempted the art of stereotyping. died. He built St. Sophia's church at 1805. BONAPARTE entered Vienna; the Constantinople, and reduced the Roman commencement of a favorite plan of his laws into a code, which was called the to dictate peace to the conquered monarchs Digests or Pandects. of Europe in their own capitals. 1318. The greatest earthquake ever 1810. JAMES ALLEN, the Northumbrian known in England. piper, died. 1524. FRANCISCO PIZARRO sailed from 1812. BONAPARTE on his retreat from Panama for the conquest of Peru. Diego Moscow, quitted Smolensk for Krasnoy. de Almagro, and Hernando de Luque a His army was now reduced to 43,000. priest, associated with him under bonds 1813. The junta, under the title of na- and oaths for mutual protection. This tional assembly, declared the independence expedition was a failure; they were reof Mexico. pulsed and compelled to leave the country. 1817. JOHN PHILPOT CURRAN, an eminent More than six years afterwards the attempt Irish barrister, died; celebrated for his was renewed with success. eloquence and wit. 1556. JOHn DE LA CASA, an Italian 1832. A French army of 75,000 men writer, died. Besides some beautiful Itaentered Belgium and marched for Antwerp lian poems, he wrote the lives of cardinals to assist in establishing the independence Contarini and Bembo, and various other of the country. works. 1833. Remarkablemeteoric phenomenon, 1574. An aurora borealis appeared in which extended over a large portion of England. North America. The first appearance was 1672. FRANCIS DE LA BOE SYLVIUS, an that of fireworks of the most imposing eminent Dutch physician, died. He was grandeur, covering the entire vault of hea- professor of medicine at Leyden, where he ven with myriads of fire balls resembling ably demonstrated the truth of Harvey's sky rockets, and showers of fiery snow discovery of the circulation of the blood. driven with inconceivable velocity to the 1690. Capt. JAMES CAMPBELL, brother north-west. Similar phenomena were of the duke of Argyle, with the assistance witnessed in Arabia on this day the pre- of sir J. Johnstone, seized a rich heiress vious year. It was observed again on this and married her, for which Johnstone was day, 1837, at New York and New Haven. afterwards hung and Campbell divorced. 1835. HENRY FREDERICK STORK died at 1716. GODFREY WILLAM LEIBNITZ, a St. Petersburg. He was an eminent German philosopher, died. He had in writer as well on belles lettres as political his life the singular felicity of being eseconomy. teemed the greatest and most learned man 1835. CHARLES AUGUSTUS BOTTIGER died; in Europe. an eminent German scholar and archaeolo- 1736. GEORGE SALE, a learned Englishgist, author of various learned works, and man, died. He was well skilled in oriental aulic counselor to the king of Saxony. literature, and contributed much to the Nov. 14.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 435 completion of the Universal History, but America at the age of 27, where he was his chief work is a translation of the Ko- soon known as an advocate for liberty, and ran. as one of the best political writers in Mary1770. Bruce discovered the sources of land. He quitted public life in 1810. the mighty Nile. 1835. JAMES FREEMAN, pastor of the 1785. A chebeck with 19 men and 23 Stone chapel society, in Boston, died. He passengers, passing from Majorca to Ivica, was chosen pastor of the episcopal society was attacked by an Algerine pink, and that worshiped there in 1783. Having boarded by about 100 men, in spite of the rejected the trinitarian doctrine, the greatfiring of two cannon and the musketry. er part of his hearers responded to his A bloody engagement ensued, in which sentiments and resolved to alter their all the Moors but 6 or 7 were killed. liturgy and retain their minister. Thus These were assaulted by a volley of hail did the first episcopal church in New Engshot, which fired some powder casks, and land become the first unitarian church in blew up the vessel, destroying all on board the new world. He was a man of talent but the captain and.3 passengers, who got and learning, and one of the founders of to Ivica in a boat, badly wounded. the Massachusetts historical society. 1800. MARQUIS DE BOUILLE, a celebrated 1840. JOHN A. G. DAvIs, professor of French general, died; during the Ameri- law in the university of Virginia, died of can war he served with credit in the West a pistol shot discharged by a disguised Indies, but being opposed to the enormi- student. He was a man of extraordinary ties of the French revolution he was com- intellect, of untiring industry, of amiable pelled to seek an asylum in England. and philanthropic character. He publish1804. JACOB BRYANT, an English philo- ed a valuable treatise on criminal law. logist and antiquary, died. He was a 1840. ZACHARIAH LEWIS, senior vicelearned and indefatigable writer, but fond president of the American Bible society, of paradox. died at Brooklyn, N. Y. He was educated 1809. BONAPARTE was congratulated on for the ministry, and was for 17 years edithis return from Austria, by the public bo- or of the Commercial Advertiser and New dies of Paris, as " the greatest of heroes, York Spectator. who ever achieved victories but for the 1855. TOBIAS WATKINS died at Washhappiness of the world." ington, aged 75. He was a physician by 1809. FREDERICK MORTON EDEN, an Eng- education, had contributed largely to the lish diplomatist and writer on political eco- public press, and figured as a politician. nonry, died. 1812. Battle of Smolnya; the French under Victor and Oudinot defeated by the NOVEMBER 15. Russians under Wittgenstein, with the loss of 1,500 dead on the field, and 800 prison- 26. AGRIPPINA, the mother of Nero, ers. Russian loss 1,000. perished by order of her ungrateful son. 1825. JEAN PAUL FREDERICK RICHTER, She married the emperor Claudius, whom a German writer of the first rank in belles she poisoned to raise Nero to the throne. lettres, died. He is known as Jean Paul 1213. The first regular English parliaamong the Germans, and his numerous ment assembled by writ at Oxford. works are held in very high repute. 1280. ALBERTUS MAGNUS, a Swabian 1827. THOMAS ADDIS EMMETT, an emi- philosopher of extraordinary genius, died. nent Irish lawyer, died in New York, His writings have been collected in 21 aged 63. vols. folio. 1828. ANDRE JOSEPH ABRIAL died; a 1577. FRANCIS DRAKE sailed from EngFrench statesman under Napoleon and land with five ships and 164 men, profeshis successor. sedly on a voyage to Egypt, but really 1831. GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK HE- with the intention of sailing into the PaciGEL, the distinguished German philoso- fic, where no English flag had ever been. pher, died by cholera at Berlin. His 1591. BARNABAS BRISSONIUS strangled at philosophy partakes of much of German Paris. He was an eminent French lawyer, mysticism. and ambassador to England. 1832. CHARLES ABBOTT, lord Tenterden, 1647. JOHN VICTOR ROSSI (Janus Niciua died, aged 70. He was the son of a Lon- Erythrmes) died; a Roman of noble birth, don hairdresser, who by great application who devoted himself to literary pursuits. became one of the most learned jurists of 1653. ALOYSIUS JUGLARIS, an Italian England. Jesuit, died. He wrote 100 panegyrics on 1832. CHARLES CARROL died, aged 96; Jesus Christ, and 40 on Lewis XIIII the last of the signers of the declaration 1680. The bill excluding JAMES, duke of independence. He studied the law in of York, from the succession to his broFrance and England, and returned to ther's throne, passed by the commons, was 436 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 15. defeated in the house of lords, all the 1802. GEORGE ROMNEY died;z an emibishops voting against it. nent English painter. 1695. In the neighborhood of Limerick 1811. FREDERICK JAMES BAST, an emiand Tipperary, Ireland, a shower of matter nent German scholar, died. He took adfell resembling butter or grease, and was vantage of a diplomacy at Paris to make gathered into pots by some of the inhabit- some valuable researches among the treaants. When laid on the hand it melted, sures of the Vatican which had recently but placed by the fire it dried and became been transported there. hard, emitting an offensive odor. 1812. The Cossacks under Platoff fell in 1712. A duel was fought in Hyde Park, with 12 pieces of French cannon, and an London, when the duke of Hamilton and immense train of carriages filled with lord Mohun were both killed. plunder, abandoned by the French army. 1745. The town of Carlisle surrendered The horses lay dead in their harnesses, to the troops of the pretender to the Eng- and mingled with them lay hundreds of lish throne. human bodies, which had perished from 1747. JOHN PETER DE MENDAJORS, a the intense severity of the cold, from French historian, died. He wrote a his- hunger and fatigue, in their retreat from tory of Gaul. Moscow. 1751. HENRY SAINT JOHN, viscount Bo- 1816. The bells of Notre Dame, Paris, lingbroke, a celebrated English politician were formally baptized under the names of and philosopher, died, aged 80. A pane- the duke and Duchess of Angouleme. gyrist has observed that in his writings he 1827. GEORGE TOMLINE, an eminent united the wisdom of Socrates, the dignity English bishop, died. His works display and ease of Pliny, and the wit of Horace. great erudition. 1761. JOHN SAUVE DE LA NOUE, a French 1828. Cayuga and Seneca canal comactor and dramatic writer, died. It was pleted. on his account that Voltaire wrote the 1848. General MESSE.HAUSEN, the comPrincess of Navarre, that he might act the mander of the national guard at Vienna, chief character. executed. -1763. The British parliament by a vote 1849. The steam boat Louisiana exploded 273 to 111, resolved that the North Briton, her boilers at New Orleans, when 60 pera paper conducted by the noted Wilkes, sons were killed, and a great many woundwas a scandalous and seditious libel, and ed who afterwards died. ordered it to be burned by the common 1852. The Lobos islands difficulty behangman. Great riot in consequence. tween the United States and Peru was 1777. Fort Mifflin evacuated by the settled, by the withdrawal of the American Americans, after a most noble and gallant pretensions. defence. The British fired 1,030 cannon 1852. JOHN HAMILTON REYNOLDS, an shot at the fort during the day. eminent English poet, contemporary with 1787. CHRISTOPHER GLUCK, an eminent Byron, died in the Isle of Wight, aged 56. German musical composer, died. He introduced a new style of music into Paris. 1793. JOHN NICHOLAS HOUCHARD guillo- NOVEMBER 16. tined at Paris. He raised himself to the highest rank in the army, and displayed 534. JUSTINIAN published his immortal his abilities in several important victories. Code of civil ordinances, amended in con1793. JEAN MARIE BAPTISTE ROLAND DE formity with the Pandects which issued LA PLATIERE stabbed himself to the heart from the legal armory in the year precedon receiving news that his wife had been ing. It is called the second edition, alguillotined. His knowledge of commerce though enriched with two hundred of his and political economy led to his appoint- own laws, and fifty decisions of obscure ment of minister under Louis, and under points in jurisprudence. the republic. 1093. MARGARET, of Scotland, died. She 1793. Fort Lewis taken by the Austrians was the sister of Edgar Atheling, fled to under Wurmzer, and 4,000 French and Scotland on the invasion of William the 112 cannons captured. Conqueror, and married Malcolm, king of 1794. JOHN WITHERSPOON, a signer of the country. She was an amiable and bethe declaration, died. He was a Scotch- nevolent princess. man, who came over to take the presi- 1272. HENRY III, eighth king of Engdency of Nassau Hall. His influence upon land, died. He succeeded John; was deliterature was greatly beneficial, and his feated in his wars abroad, and imprisoned talents as a preacher of the most popular by his barons at home. kind. 1272. EDWARD I, of England, commenced 1797. JOSEPH MILNER, a learned Scottish his reign, and immediately expelled the divine and historian, died, aged 54. Jews from the kingdom; their libraries Nov. 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 437 were dispersed, their goods seized, and garrison, 2,800 men, prisoners of war. It many of them barbarously murdered. is supposed that 1,200 of the British were 1326. EDWARD II, king of England, taken killed or wounded. prisoner and delivered into the hands of 1796. Battle of Arcola, which lasted two his queen Isabella, by whom he was im- days, terminated in favor of the French. prisoned and finally put to death. This determined the fate of Mantua. 1499. PERKIN WARBECK, an aspirant to 1806. SCHAr ALLUM, the great mogul or the crown of England, executed at Tyburn. emperor of Delhi, died, aged 82. He gave himself out as the second son of 1811. Serious riots in Nottingham, Eng.; Edward IV, who was supposed to have the journeymen weavers destroyed the been murdered in the Tower by Richard articles of machinery which diminished III, and made a descent upon England, labor. but was worsted and captured. 1812. The French under DAvoUST left 1538. Proclamation of HENRY VIII, fol- Smolensk, having set fire to it in every lowing the formal trial and condemnation quarter, and blown up the fortifications; of the shrine and goods of Thomas Becket, and amidst this immense burning shower declaring that he was no saint, but a rebel they issued forth like destroying angels, to his prince, and his bones were caused to join Bonaparte at Krasnoy. to be burnt by the hangman. 1813. WILLIAM FRANKLIN died in Eng1603. PETER CHARRON, a learned-French land. aged 82. He was the son of Dr. Benecclesiastic, died. His Book of Wisdom, jamin Franklin, and formerly British govspread his fame through the country, and ernor of New Jersey. has been twice translated into English. 1838. Battle near Prescott, Canada, be1613. TRAJAN BOCCALINI, an Italian wit, tween 100 insurgents posted at a windmill, died at Venice; probably assassinated by and 1,000 British troops. The former the emissaries of the court of Spain. His surrendered unconditionally. Their loss works have beenb translated into several in 4 days was 102 killed, and 162 taken languages. prisoners; the rest escaped into the woods. 1644. HUGH MCMABONE executed at Ty- 1847. Poland blotted from among the burn for conspiring the Irish massacre. nations of Europe, by Prussia, Austria and 1695. PETER NICOLE, an eminent French Russia. divine, died. He is the author of more 1848. Great popular movements in Italy. than one hundred works. Count Rossi, the prime minister, slain, as 1745. WILLIAM BROOME, a celebrated he entered the senate chamber at Rome. English poet, died. The pope's palace besieged. 1745. A party of French and Indians 1855. The powder in the French siege from Crown Point surprised the village of train, at Sebastopol, 100,000 pounds, exSaratoga, leaving the country uncovered ploded, killing and wounding a great numto Schenectady and Albany. ber. 1773. Destruction of the tea in Boston harbor. The duty imposed by the British NOVEMBER 17. parliament was 3 cents per pound; the quantity destroyed 342 chests. 375. VALENTINIAN I, emperor of Rome, 1773. JOHN HAWKESWORTH, an English died. He rose by his merit to the throne writer, died. He compiled a narrative of and divided the empire with his brother the discoveries in the South seas, and Valens. He defeated the Germans, and wrote the.idventurer. restored tranquility to his African pro1773. JOHN BRADLEY BLAKE, an English vinces. In giving audience to the ambassachemist, botanist and mathematician, died. dors of the Quadi, whose country he had He went to China, from whence he sent subdued, he ruptured a blood vessel in a home all the valuable seeds and plants of fit of passion, which proved fatal. the country, and began a collection of its 537. BELISARIUS, who was then defendores and fossils, but his application de- ing Rome against the Goths, exiled pope stroyed his health. Sylverius for treachery. 1776. JAMES FERG[USON, the celebrated 1292. The government of Scotland was Scottish astronomer, died. He was an ex- adjudged to John Baliol, by the forty peers traordinary instance among self taught assembled at the congress in Berwick men, having emerged from a shepherd's castle. boy, to the highest rank in science. 1307. The Swiss patriots met at night in 1776. Fort Washington surrendered to the field of Rutli, to concert measures for the British under general Cornwallis. Col. their independence. Magaw, finding the fort too small to con- 1338. EDWARD III, of England, issued a tain all the men, the ammunition nearly writ, permitting the coinage of money by exhausted, and the force of the assailants the abbots of Reading. too great to be resisted, surrendered the 1372. JOHN DE MANDEVILLE, the English 438 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 17. warrior and traveler, died, aged 72. He 1708. JEAN FRANCOIS FoY VAILLANT, a received an education unusual for those French antiquary and medalist, died. His times, and in 1327, went to Palestine, and father was the founder of the medalists in joined the Turks. He afterwards served in France, to whom Louis XIV was indebted India under the Sultan, and in Southern for half his cabinet. China, under the khan of Cathay. He 1747. ALAIN RENE LESAGE, the French resided three years at Pekin, and appears novelist and dramatic writer, died. to have traveled over a large part of Asia. 1747. Great tumults in Boston, on acOn his return to England, after an absence count of the British commodore, Knowles, of about 33 years, he wrote a narrative of having ordered several inhabitants of that his travels. city to be impressed there. 1494. JOHN PICUS, earl of Mirandula, an 1768. THos. PELHAM HOLLES, duke of Italian nobleman, and a prodigy of learn- Newcastle, died in his 76th year. He played ing, died, aged 32. At the age of 23 he a bustling if not a brilliant part in the popublished 900 propositions in logic, ma- litical movements of his day. thematics, physics and divinity, drawn 177- BRUCE, the traveler, in passing the from classical, Jewish and Arabian authors, Taranta mountain, in Abyssinia, encountand challenged through Italy any philoso- ered an extraordinary phenomenon. The pher or divine to enter the lists with him mountain tops were hid in the clouds, and in disputation. He declared war against loud thunder was heard. The river the astrologers, because they had foretold scarcely ran at the time of passing it, when his death at the age of 32, which proved suddenly a noise was heard in the mounttrue. ain above, louder than the loudest thun1558. MARY, queen of England, died. der. His guides flew to the baggage, and She was the daughter of Henry VIII and removed it to the top of a green hill, which Catharine of Arragon; was learned, but was no sooner done than the river was bigoted, jealous and resentful. Her me- seen coming down in a stream about the mory is rendered detestable by the blood height of a man, and the breadth of the of the protestants whom she caused to be whole bed it used to occupy. An antelope, burnt. surprised by the torrent, was driven to the 1562. ANTHONY OF NAVARRE (Panta- station where they stood. gruel), a Spanish prince, died of a wound 1775. Americans, under colonel Easton, received in battle. He was weak and irre- took at the point of Sorel river, Canada, solute; his son was afterwards the cele- 11 British vessels with stores. brated Henry IV, of France. 1782. EDWARD DRINKER, a quaker of 1604 Trial of sir WALTER RALEIGH for Philadelphia, died, aged 103. He had been treason. the subject of seven crowned heads, and 1615. THOMAS CHALONER, an English lived to see a village become a great city. nobleman, tutor of the prince of Wales, 1793. Battle of Sarbruck; the Prussians died. He is celebrated for the discovery defeated by the French under Pichegru. of the first alum mines known in England. 1794. N. DUGOMIER, a French revolu1640. HENRY DE SCHOMBERG, a distin- tionary general, killed at the battle of St. guished French officer, died. For his dis- Sebastian, in which his army was victoritinguished services he was promoted; and ous over the Spaniards. His name was also figured as a minister to Germany and inscribed in the Pantheon. England, and as a historian. 1794. JAMES BENTHAM, an English pre1664. NICHOLAS PERRET, a learned late and historian, died. He also directed Frenchman, died; celebrated for his ex- his attention to the introduction of turncellent translations of the Greek and Latin pike roads, against the popular prejudice, classics. and to the rendering of unfruitful into 1664. A comet visible in New England, valuable fields by drainage. which appeared first in the east bearded, and 1795. ALEXANDER ABERCROMBY died; a disappeared in the west with a tail. Scottish jurist, and a cooperator with 1665. JOHN EARLE, an English bishop, Mackenzie in establishing the Mirror and died; known by a work called the Micro- Lounger, to which he contributed. cosmography, or a Piece of the World, which 1800. Battle of Mincio, in Italy; the has often been reprinted. Austrians defeated by the French under 1679. In commemoration of queen Eliza- general Brune, with the loss of 24 cannon, beth's birth, the effigies of the pope, the and 4,000 men. devil, sir George Jeffries, Mr. L'Estrange, 1804. Launch of the Hibernia, at Ply&c., were carried in procession, and burnt mouth, England, of 130 guns; length of in Temple bar, by a whig mob, as it was keel 167 feet, tonnage 2499 —the largest then called. man-of-war that had ever been built in 1690. FABIAN PHILLIPS, a learned Eng- England. lish antiquary, died. 1812. Battle of Koutovo, near Krasnoy, Nov. 17.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 439 in Russia; the Cossacks under Milorado- of 12, and took his first degree at the age vitch surrounded the French under Da- of 15. Refusing to sanction the divorces voust, and defeated them with horrible of Henry VIII, he was obliged to reside slaughter. The French general, however, in Italy for safety. On the accession of maintained his reputation for bravery, and Mary, however, he was restored. cut his way through, with the loss of 1559. CUTHBERT TONSTALL, a learned 4,000 killed, and 9 prisoners, and 70 can- catholic bishop of London, died, aged 85. non. The wretched beings who escaped 1624. JACOB BOEHMEN died; a noted the swords and bayonets of their conquer- Teutonic philosopher and visionary. ors sought shelter in the woods which 1636. King CHARLES I restored to sir skirt the Dnieper, and there, wounded, Hugh Middleton a portion of his private starving and naked, died in great num- property, expended on bringing a supply bers. of water into the city of London. Mid1812. British gun boats cannonaded Og- dleton survived this event but a short densburgh. time. 1818. CHARLOTTE, queen of England, 1665. BLAISE FRANCIS DE PAGAN, a valdied, aged 75. iant French officer and eminent mathema1823. THOMAS ERSKINE, anEnglish noble- tician, died. He lost his eyesight in' the man, and one of the most celebrated of service of his country, after which he demodern forensic orators, died. voted himself to study, and wrote several 1832. THos. TAYLOR, styled the patriarch works on fortifications, astronomy, &c. of the states-right party of South Carolina, 1682. JOHN FINCH (Heneage?), earl of died at Columbus. Nottingham and lord high chancellor of 1835. Remarkable aurora borealis; in England, died. He was distinguished for extent and magnificence one of the grand- his wisdom and eloquence and styled the est forms of this mysterious phenomenon. English Cicero. It attracted notice throughout the United 1751. ABRAHAM VATER died; an emiStates and Canada, and on the 18th was nent German physician and anatomist, seen in Europe. famous for his anatomical preparations, 1854. DUDLEY COUTTS STUART died at which form a curious cabinet at WirtemStockholm, Sweden, aged 51; well known berg. in England and elsewhere, for his devo- 1755. A great earthquake, extending tion to Poland and the Polish exiles. from New England to the West Indies, damaging the houses throughout the whole extent of the coast. In the harNOVEMBER 18. bor of St. Martin the sea withdrew leaving the vessels dry and the fish on the 1247. ROBIN HOOD, the leader of a band banks; when it came in the water overof robbers who infested the recesses of flowed the lowlands. Sherwood forest, England, died. The 1776. Fort Lee, near Haversack, N. Y., chief, with his formidable band, continued evacuated by the Americans under genetheir plundering life with success, and ral Greene. The British, 6000 men under with little opposition, from the year 1189 Cornwallis, advancing to its reduction, it to 1247. It has been attempted to iden- was found that the conflict would be too tify him with Robert, earl of Huntington, unequal to attempt its defence. The Britwhom the malice of his enemies banished ish took several hundred barrels of flour, from the court of Richard I. The follow- most of the cannon, baggage, &c. — ing epitaph is said to have been engraven Same day congress agreed upon a lottery upon his tombstone at Kirklees: to defray the expenses of the campaign, being the first lottery they sanctioned. ~ear unrIberneaeC b(s laitl steaen 1777. Fort Mercer at Red Bank, on the la[~ yronbyert earl of buntitgtorn Delaware, evacuated by the Americans on nae arcir ner as Die sate geul the approach of the British under Cornan 131it ttauli inm 31obin qLetl wallis. sielt utlanb3 aCs ie nit irs men d 1777. The British under governor Trybit 33nglaula nibtr si aSgte on burnt the houses at Philip's manor, N. obit 24 tal. betteubrtis 1247. Y., with circumstances of great barbarity; 1518. CORTEZ sailed from Cuba for the the women and children being turned out discovery and conquest of Mexico. His in a severe cold night, almost naked, and force consisted of 10 vessels, 10 pieces the men made prisoners and led with halcannon, 18 horsemen, 600 infantry-13 ters round their necks in triumph to the only of whom were musqueteers, and the British camp. rest cross bowmen. 1777. WILLIAM BOWYER, an eminent 1558. REGINALD POLE, an English car- English printer, died. He was noted for dinal, died. He enteredcollege atthe age the accuracy of his editions, and was a 440 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 18. distinguished member of the antiquarian and distinguished himself as an officer on society, whose transactions he enriched the continent during the last century. with many valuable communications. 1852. Duke of WELLINGTON'S funeral 1784. M. LE RoY fixed a conductor on obsequies took place at London, with great the Etoile galley, being the first conductor pomp. The religious ceremonies were obof lightning that had ever been placed on served in St. Paul's cathedral, which was a French ship. elaborately decorated for the purpose. The 1785. Mrs. KELLY, the noted Irish fairy, body was deposited in the crypt near that died. She was only 34 inches long. Her of Nelson. child, which lived only two hours, was 1852. A convention was signed at Lon22 inches. don by England, France, Prussia, Bavaria 1789. JOHN ELWES, the celebrated Eng- and Greece, by which none but a prince lish miser, died, worth nearly five millions of the Greek religion was thereafter to asof dollars. This singular man, although cend the throne of Greece. he denied himself the necessaries of life, 1854. GEORGE WILLIAM MAREBY, inventserved twelve years in parliament, a most or of several kinds of apparatus for savindependent and incorruptible member. ing lives in shipwreck, died in England, He would travel a whole day, eating only aged 89. a hard boiled egg, and at night play for thousands in the most splendid apartments from whence he has been known to issue NOVEMBER 19. at four in the morning, and stand in a cold rain to dispute with a butcher for a shil- 1231. ELIZABETH OF THURINGIA, a saint ling a head on his cattle. of the church, died. She was distin1793. Battle of Bliescastle; the French guished by the mild virtues of her sex, general Pichegru stormed the- Prussian and when the country was oppressed with camp. famine and pestilence, she caused hospi1793. Battle of Dol; the French royal- tals to be erected, and fed and clothed a ists defeated the conventional troops. multitude of the poor, wandering about 1803. Cape Fyancois surrendered to the in a humble dress relieving the sorrows of blacks under Christophe. the wretched. She was regarded as a 1804. PHILIP SCHUYLER, a major general saint during her life, and four years after in the revolutionary army, died at Albany, her death was canonized. Her monument aged 73. He was a member of the old is one of the most splendid remains of congress, and of the federal congress. Gothic architecture in Germany. 1809. The French under Suchet attacked 1530. The diet at Augsburg issued a sethe Spaniards under Gen. Blake, posted on vere decree against the protestants, which the heights of Beclhithe, and forced them was sanctioned by the emperor Charles V. to fall back. 1590. JEROME ZANCHIUS, a German pro1811. All differences between the United testant theologian, died. His commentaStates and Great Britain on account of the ries on St. Paul's epistles were published attack made on the United States frigate after his death. He was a professor of Chesapeake amicably adjusted. theology at Heidelburg, and sustained the 1813. Americans under general White, character of a learned, pious and benevowith a few Cherokee Indians, attacked lent man. Grayson's Farm, one of the Hillibee towns, 1628. JOHN FELTON, the assassin who of 20 houses, which they burnt, and killed killed the duke of Buckingham, favorite 60 Creek warriors and captured about 256 of Charles I of England, executed at Tymore, without the loss of a man. burn. The king proposed the rack pre1824. Destructive hurricane on the coast vious to execution, that his accomplices of England. The river Neva overflowed might be discovered. But the judges its banks, and damaged the city of St. unanimously declared that the English Petersburg. law did not allow of torture. This was 1832. Violent eruption of mount Etna; the first adjudication on this subject. the town of Bronte, containing 10,000 in- 1649. CASPAR SCIOPPIUS, a learned Gerhabitants, destroyed. man, died, aged 73. He acquired the 1848. The great dam at Hadley Falls, in name of the grammatical cur, from his inMassachusetts, near Springfield, carried discreet attacks upon every person of emiaway by a flood. nence. His talents and acquirements were 1849. BENJAMIN SMITH, a very eminent extraordinary, and his works more numerand industrious American statesman, of ous than his years. Rhode Island, died at North Kingston. 1665. NIcHOLAS POUSSIN, an eminent 1851. ERNEST AUGUSTUS, duke of Cum- French painter, died. He was long unablc berland and king of Hanover, died, aged to maintain himself by his pencil, till his 81. He was the fifth son of George III, genius finally burst through the clouds of Nov. 19.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 441 prejudice, and established his character as 1790. JAMES HAY BEATTIE died; a a great and sublime artist. Scotchman of eminent talents, who was 1672. JOHN WILKINS, bishop of Chester, made assistant professor of moral philosodied; a most ingenious and learned Eng- phy and logic at Aberdeen at the age of lish theologian, critic and mathematician. 19. 1674. SAMUEL DANFORTH, the colleague 1793. A number of persons met in Edof John Elliot, the Indian missionary, inburgh and held a convention similar to died at Roxbury, Mass. When he was that in France, but were arrested and sent contracted in marriage the celebrated John to prison. Cotton preached the sermon, customary in 1794. The treaty signed at London beNew England onl such occasions, before tween England and America, called Jay's the nuptial ceremony. He published treaty. several almanacs, and an astronomical 1801. JOSEPH DE BEAUCHAMP, a French account of the comet which appeared in theologian and astronomer, died. During 1764. a residence in the Levant, he made many 1677. FRANcIs JUNIUs, a German linguist, astronomical observations, constructed a died in England. He was highly distin- map of the Tigris and Euphrates, and guished for his skill and researches in surveyed the Black sea. the Anglo Saxon and Gothic languages, 1806. RICHARD WESTON died; an Engwhich he pursued at Oxford, England. lish thread hosier, who became eminent as 1703. THE IRON MASK (Masque de Fer), a horticulturist, and published some died at the Bastile in Paris, after an impri- useful tracts on that subject. sonment of lorty-two years. This mys 1806. Hameln, on the Weser, captured terious personage is supposed to have been by the French, who took Von Schoeler the twin brother of the king, and various and five other generals, 9,000 Prussians, authors have attempted to prove his some other troops, and great quantities of identity with other characters of that day. ammunition and stores. It was at first believed that the mask 1806. MORTIER entered Hamburg and which he was compelled to wear constantly confiscated all British property found there. on pain of instant death, was made of 1806. NICHOLAS CLAUDE LEDOUX, a foriron. But it was composed of black vel- tunate though vain French architect, died. vet, strengthened with whalebcne, and 1809. Battle of Ocana; the French unfastened behind the head with a padlock. der Soult defeated 50,000 Spaniards. JoHe was confined for imperious reasons of seph Bonaparte commanded in person in state, but was treated with the utmost this battle under Soult. deference and respect. 1812. Battle of Koutovo; the French 1731. WILLIAM EDIE, bellman of Can- under Ney attacked in the defiles near ongate, in Edinburgh, died, aged 120. He Krasnioy, on the very spot where Davoust had buried the inhabitants of Canongate had been defeated two days before. A1thrice. He was 90 years a freeman, and though the French fought with the greatmarried his second wife, a young woman, est courage and most desperate intrepidity, after he was 100 years old. they were defeated with terrible slaughter, 1741. ANTHONY BANIER, a celebrated and the loss of all their cannon, baggage French mythologist, died. His Mythology and colors. Scarcely had this second vicand Fables of the.lntients has been trans- tory been obtained, when the last columns lated into English. of the rear guard appeared in sight, and ]744. A single battalion of Prussians were compelled to surrender, 100 officers under Wedel disputed the passage of the and 11,000 men. Elbe at Solnitz for five hours, against the 1812. Americans under colonel Pike whole Austrian army; and, under the fire made an incursion into Canada, assaulted of fifty cannons, thrice repulsed the Aus- and carried a British post, burnt their trian grenadiers. Wedel lost two officers blockhouse, and returned with only five and 100 men killed, and acquired the title wounded. of Leonidas.. 1813. American Com. PORTER took poS1761. NOEL ANTHONY PLUCHE, a French session of an island in the South sea, callwriter on natural history, died. His Spec- ed by the natives Nooaheevah, which he tacle de la Nature is known to all the world. called Madison's island, in honor of the 1789. Junction of the Thames and Se- president. vern rivers by canal.; an important event 1816. Eclipse of the sun observed at in English inland commerce. This canal Paris. It was total at Copenhagen. ascends the vale of Calford to the height 1818. ABDULLAH IBN SAUD, the last emir of 343 feet by 40 locks; there entering a of the Wahhabis, was beheaded at Contunnel through the hill of Saperton, for stantinople, which put an end to the temrnthe length of two miles and three furlongs, poral power of that sect. and descends to the Thames by 22 locks. 1835. CHARLES COOTE, an English au56 442 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 19. thor, died. He was for some years editor cept the throne, from which he retired of the Critical Review, and wrote various again on the restoration of order. historical and other works of merit. 1481. The Last Siege and conquest of Ye1850. RICHARD M. JOHNSON, a Kentucky rusalem, translated from the French " by soldier and statesman, died at Frankfort, me simple person, William Caxton," was aged 70. printed at Lond6n in the Abby; one of 1853. SAMUEL H. CRAFTS died at Crafts- the earliest specimens of English typograbury, Vt., aged 84. On the organization phy. of the town, which was settled by and 1497. The Portuguese admiral, VASQUEZ named in honor of his father, in 1792, he DE GAMA, doubled the cape of Good Hope, was chosen town clerk, and held the of- which, until then, had been considered fice 37 years; and he filled every public the utmost boundary of navigation, and office in the gift of Vermont during some called the cape of Tempests. part of his lifetime. 1549. KETT, a tanner, rebelled against 1855. THOMAS COPELAND, an eminent Edward, and was taken by Dudley, earl of English surgeon and medical writer, died Warwick, and hung in chains on the top at Brighton, aged 74. of Norwich castle. 1855. THEODRIC ROMEYN BECK, an emi- 1571. The field of Craibstone stricken nent medical writer, died at Albany, N. by John Master of Forbes, and Adam GorY., aged 64. He was one of the origina- don, brother to lord Huntley, where the tors and most ardent supporters of the said John lost the field, and was taken, geological survey of the state; but is best and sundry of his friends slain, to the known by his Medical Jurisprudence. He number on both sides of three score, or was a member of many scientific societies thereby, and good Duncan Forbes slain at home and abroad, and his whole life the same day. was one of uninterrupted and efficient la- 1572. The first presbyterian meeting bor. house in England erected at Wandsworth in Surrey. NOVEMBER 20. 1591. CHRISTOPHER HATTON, chancellor of England under Elizabeth, died. He 63. Shipwreck of ST. PAUL. It was a was a man of learning and great integrity, fortnight from the fast, and about the pre- #nd though placed in so high a situation, sent day, that Paul, by the occular testi- had not been bred to the law. It was by mony of Luke, was cast upon the shores his advice that the unfortunate Mary subof Malta,where they wintered three months mitted to her fatal trial. until the period of navigation in March. 1660. The -bishops of England again Josephus, the Jewish historian, was wreck- took their seats in the house of lords, ed in the same sea, and in or very near verifying the adage of the king's grandthe same year. father, " no bishop no king." 303. DIOCLETIAN and MAXIMIAN celebrated 1672. The island of Tobago taken from in a grand triumph their victories and the Dutch by the English. those of the two Caesars, their associates, 1683. A book entitled Julian the A.posin Persia and Britain, on the Rhine, the tate, burnt by the hangman, and its author, Danube and the Nile; the last spectacle of Samuel Johnson, a clergyman, fined 500 the kind that Rome ever beheld. marks for an alleged libel on the duke of 870. EDMUND (the Saint), king of East York. Anglia, murdered by the Danes, who had 1729. NICHOLAS GERVAIS, a French mishim tied to a tree and shot to death with sionary, massacred in Guiana with all his arrows. His kingdom comprised the pre- attendants. sent counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and part 1737. Queen CAROLINE of England died, of Cambridgeshire. aged 55. Her favorite study was theolo1185. ABDURRAHMAN, surnamed Abn gy, and she has been accused of sceptiZeyd, died. He was a Moslem divine and cism; at her death she refused the sacrapoet, and left several valuable works. ment, but joined cordially in the Lord's 1191. BALDWIN, archbishop of Canter- prayer. bury, died at Acre, in Palestine, whither 1759. Naval battle off Belleisle; the he had followed the crusaders, whose French fleet under M. de Conflans defeatcause he had exerted himself to promote. ed by the British under admiral Hawke. 1347. STEPHEN COLONNA defeated and The French lost several large ships, and killed at Rome by the tribune Rienzi. abandoned the project of invading Great 1411. JOHANNES CANTACUZENUS, a Byzan- Britain. tine historian, died. His knowledge in 1769. CHARLES HUGH LE FEVRE DE ST. literature and arms was so great that he MARK, a French miscellaneous writer, died became the favorite of the court and the at Paris. people, and was finally persuaded to ac- 1773. CHARLES JENNENS died; an Eng Nov. 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 443 lish gentleman of considerable fortune, destruction of lives and property, on land who compiled the works of some of Han- and at sea, was immense. del's oratories, and began an edition of 1843. FERDINAND RUDOLPH AtASSLER, Shakspeare's works, which he did not live aged 74, died at Philadelphia. He was to complete. director of the United States coast survey. 1780. Battle of Blackstocks; theBritish under Tarleton attacked the American general Sumpter, but was repulsed with NOVEMBER 21. the loss of more than 30 killed or wounded. Sumpter and 4 others were 53 B. c. MARCUS LICINIUS CRASSUS, one wounded and 3 killed. of the triumvirs with Caesar and Pompey, 1789. RICHARD BURN, an English vicar, killed at Haran in Syria. He was surnamed died; author of a work on ecclesiastical Dives, the rich, on account of his vast forlaw, and on the office of justice of the tune. He once gave an entertainment to peace, which have gone through several the whole people, in which 10,000 tables editions. were set, and besides distributed corn 1789. North Carolina adopted the fed- enough to last each family three months. eral constitution, ayes 193, noes 75. This He perished, with a great part of his army, was the 12th pillar in the political edifice. in an expedition against the Parthians, 1789. A deputation was admitted to the undertaken from motives of avarice and French national assembly from the city of ambition. Issondein, with a patriotic offer of all the 533. The famous institutes, or system silver buckles of the inhabitants, to the of elementary law, were completed by the value of 115 marks. Whereupon M. delegates of Justinian. They were divided Dailly moved that all the members of the into four books, proceeding methodically, assembly should make a similar sacrifice, from 1, persons to 2, things; and from which was instantly agreed to. things to 3, actions, and 4, private wrongs, 1792. Battle of Cumptich, in which terminated, as in Blackstone, by the printhe French under Dumourier, after a long ciples of criminal law. and bloody action, defeated the Austrians 1555. GEORGE AGRICOLA died; a physiunder the duke of Saxe Teschen, who cian of Glaucen, in Misnia, known for his exhibited great judgment and intrepidity learning and works on minerals. in conducting his retreat. 1579. THoMAS GRESHAM, an eminent 1794. Figueras, an extensive and well London merchant, died. His knowledge provided fortress on the frontier of Spain, of commerce was considered complete, was taken by the French, when 9000 and he acquired a great fortune. He Spaniards were taken prisoners. transacted the queen's commercial affairs, 1798. Two French frigates attacked and and his house was sometimes appointed captured U. S. schooner Retaliation. for the reception of foreign princes. The 1804. ARCHIBALD MACLAIN, an Irish pro- first royal exchange was planned and exetestant clergyman, died. He translated cuted by his munificence. Mosheim's ecclesiastical history. 1616. RICHARD FIELD died; an English 1804. The American expedition under divine, eminent for his learning, benevoLewis and Clark went into winter quarters lence and piety. at fort Mandan, on the Missouri river, lat. 1638. A general assembly of the Scot470 21' N. tish church met at Glasgow. It is said 1812. BONAPARTE evacuated Orcha on that not a few of the 260 commissioners his retreat from Moscow. He left there 23 of whom it was composed could neither cannon, some prisoners, and an immense read nor write. number of sick and wounded, who fell 1640. JOHN, duke of Braganza, prointo the hands of the Cossacks. claimed king of Portugal. He recovered 1813. JOHN BAPTIST BODONI, the cele- the independence of that kingdom, which brated printer of Parma, and probably the had been annexed to Spain by Philip II most distinguished in his profession dur- in 1580. ing the last century, died. 1692. THOMAS SHADWELL died; an Eng1815. France ceded to the kingdom of lish dramatic writer, historiographer and the Netherlands whatever it still retained poet laureate. of the Austrian Netherlands, particularly 1695. HENRY PURCELL died; a very a rich mineral district situated in the cen- eminent English musician and composer. ter of the Ardennes, and the fortresses of 1736. Battle of Porto Bello. A squadMarienburg and Philippeville. ron was fitted out in England for the pur1840. A series of extensive hurricanes pose of destroying the Spanish settlements and storms, which commenced on the in the WestIndies, and placed under ad13t1b and swept over England, Ireland and miral Vernon. The attack was made on a part of France, ceased their fury. The Porto Bello by the English, and after a 444 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 21. furious engagement on both sides, the lies of Polish gentlemen from the province town surrendered. of Podolia to the Steppes, on the line of 1763. Public notice given in London the Caucasus. The university of Warsaw that East and WVest Florida should be laid was abolished, except the faculties of diout into townships, and granted to those vinity and medicine, and the library and who would actually settle there. collection of medals transported to St. 1775. JOHN HILL, an English apothecary Petersburg. and writer, died. He published a system 1832. Battle of Konich, between 75,000 of botany, and was engaged in a great Turks and 40,000 Egyptians, in which the number of literary labors at the same former were defeated, and the grand vizier time. He was also famous for several taken prisoner. medicines which he prepared. 1832. Great riots at Lyons in France, 1777. Congress recalled Silas Deane which originated in a strike for higher from Paris, and appointed John Adams to wages by the operatives engaged in the succeed him. silk manufacture,'by which 30,000 per1780. At the bank of England 471,000 sons were thrown out of employment, and three per cent stock was transferred to Mr. the city was for some time at the mercy of Van Otten on account of the landgrave the mob. of Hesse, so much being due on Hessian 1835. JAMES HOOG (the Ettrick Shepherd), soldiers lost in the American war, at 301 a Scottish poet, died. He was the son of per man. The number of men lost was a very poor shepherd, but his poems 15,700. raised him to a high standing as a poet, 1781. JEAN FREDERICK PHELLIPEAUX DE and caused his society to be sought by the MAUREPAS died; a French statesman, learned and the great. eminent for his genius, activity and pro- 1835. ALEXANDER CHEMIOTTE, one of the found sagacity. most learned orientalists of Europe, died. 1782. JAMES DE VAUCANSON, a celebrated He wrote a history of all the Arabian emmechanician, died. He constructed with perors under the Abassides, and other wonderful ingenuity various automata, works. and improved and simplified the machine- 1848. LYNE STABLING died; one of the ry of silk mills, and advanced the interests original proprietors of the soil on which of commerce and science by many other the city of Columbus is located, and curious and useful inventions. among its earliest inhabitants. He was 1783. The marquis D'ARLANDES and PI- one of the most wealthy men of the state, LATRE ROSIER made an aerial voyage in a and was distinguished by private charities machine called a Montgolfier, in honor of and public munificence. the inventors, it being the first balloon 1851. JAMES E. DE KAY, an eminent raised by rarefied air. geologist, died at Oyster bay, aged 59. 1803. JOHN BUCKLER (Schinderhannes), He was educated for a physician, but dethe famous German robber, executed, with voted himself from early years to natural 19 of his band. He was the son of indi- history, and contributed the department gent parents, and entered into the service of zoology to the publication of the New of an executioner. His first crime was a York survey. petty theft, which grew into the most ex- 1852. MARY BERRY, an English authortensive and expert robberies. He never ess, died aged 90; embalmed to posterity committed murder, and expected pardon by the personal attentions and epistolary on that account, to the last moment. intercourse of Horace Walpole. 1806. BONAPARTE'S famous Berlin de- 1856. SAMUEL SWARTWOUT died, aged cree, declaring the British ports in a state 73. He was a noted politician, and during of blockade. the presidency of Jackson was collector of 1807. ABRAHAM NEWLAND died at High- the port of New York. burg, in England; he was 60 years cashier of the bank of England. 1812. Battle of Borisoff; the French NOVEMBER. 22. and Poles defeated by the Russians with great loss. 1200. King JoHN, of England, held a fa1812. Fort Niagara bombarded by the mous parliament at Lincoln, where WilBritish from fort George and five other liam, king of Scotland, did him homage in batteries. Above 2000 red hot shot and the sight of the people. 180 shells were fired; which was returned 1419. BELTHAZAR COSA (John XXIII), with so much spirit, that the British had pope, died. There was much opposition the worst of the battle. American loss 4 to his elevation, by rival claimants, and killed, 7 wounded. he was finally deposed and imprisoned 1832. The emperor of Russia issued or- three years. His liberty was purchased by ders for the transportation of 5000 fami- acknowledging the election of Martin V. Nov. 22.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 445 1586. Sentence of death was announced to 1795. Battle of Loano, in Italy; the MARY queen of Scots, by lord Burkhurst, French under Scherer defeated the Ausat Fotheringay. trians and obliged them to retreat with the 1633. LEONARD CALVERT, brother of lord loss of 8,000. Baltimore, with 200 persons of good fami- 1798. THEOBALD WOLFE TONE, an Irishlies, Roman catholics, embarked at Cowes, man having a commission in the French in the Isle of Wight, for America, to settle army, committed suicide in prison. He Maryland. had been taken in arms against the British 1652. The province of Maine was, by the government, tried by a court martial, and request of its inhabitants, taken under the sentenced to death. protection of Massachusetts; it was made 1807. British Admiral SMITH declared a county, by the name of Yorkshire, and Lisbon and the river Tagus in a state of sent deputies to the general court at Bos- blockade. ton. 1812. Action between the United States 1680. A brilliant comet appeared in brig Vixen, 14 guns, 120 men, Lieut. Reed, England. First seen at Bristol. and British frigate Southampton, 32 guns, 1685. CLAUDE NICOLE, a French lawyer, Capt. Yeo. The Vixen was captured, and died. He was a good linguist and poet, Lieut. Reed died in the West Indies beand translated several of the classics. fore he could be exchanged. 1714. SAMUEL REYHER died; professor 1814. LAVALETTE, the French general, of mathematics and jurisprudence at Kiel, sentenced to death for joining Bonaparte and counselor of state to the duke of Saxe the preceding March. Gotha. His writings are theological. 1814. EDWARD RUSHTON, an independ1723. PHILIP, regent of France, duke of ent politician, bookseller and elegant writOrleans, &c., died at Versailles, aged 50. er, died. He nearly lost his sight on the 1747. JOSEPH TRAPP, an able English west coast of Africa. divine, died; leaving behind him an ex- 1815. JAMES LACKINGTON, a celebrated cellent character as a critic, a scholar, a London bookseller, but chiefly distinpreacher and a man. guished for his work on the evil conse1771. Mr. STEPHEN was expelled from quences of girls being educatedat boarding the Temple in London, by the benches, schools, died. for writing a book on the impolicy of im- 1821. ANSELM MARIE FUGGER, prince of prisonment for debt. Babenhausen, died. He was one of that 1774. ROBERT CLIVE, baron Plassy, a great German family whose ancestor was a wealthy English nobleman, died by sui- weaver, and which now consists of counts cide; a striking instance of the insuffi- and princes, and whose property amounts ciency of wealth or external honors alone to about 440 square miles, with 40,000 to produce happiness. While a colonel in inhabitants. the service of the East India company, he 1824. FRANCIS LEVAILLANT, the celeretook Calcutta from the nabob Surajah brated traveler, died at Paris, aged 70. He Dowlah, and defeated his immense army was born in the Dutch colony of Surinam. in the plains of Plassy, and thereby laid He early manifested a passion for the study the foundation of the present extensive of ornithology, and was encouraged by the British empire in Hindostan. He was patronage of Tenemink, of Amsterdam, to made governor of India, and died im- proceed to Africa in pursuit of that science. mensely rich. His long life was spent in research, and 1775. CHARLES HENRY DE FUSSE DE VOI- though he has added much to the stock SENON, a French ecclesiastic, died. He of knowledge in that department, he was abandoned his profession for the pleasures so unfortunate as to lose a great part of his of the world and of authorship, and his valuable collections at sea. works were collected in 5 vols. 1848. Great battle fought between the 1775. The Americans, about 1000 in English and Seikhs near Ramuggur, in number, took possession of Cobble or Mil- India, the British claiming the dearly ler's hill, near Boston, and erected en- bought victory. trenchments on it. 1852. The shock of an earthquake was 1784. PAUL FRISI, an Italian mathema- felt. very severely at Exeter, N. H., and tician and philosopher, died at Milan. He along the valley of the Merrimack, and in was self-taught; and introduced into the Salem and Newburyport, Mass., and in Milanese the use of conductors to secure other places. buildings from lightning, and contributed 1852. The voting concluded throughout greatly to root out the superstitious no- France and Algeria, upon the decree of tions of the people respecting sorcerers the senate, relative to the reestablishment and magic. His works on hydraulics, of the empire. The result was 7,824,189 astronomy, and many other sciences, are votes in favor of the same, and 253,145 in numerous and valuable. the negative, and 63,326 void ballots. 446 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 23. NOVEMBER 23. country, most of the improvements he introduced were of his own invention. 100. CLEMENS ROMANUS (St. Clement) 1794. Fort St. Fernando de Figueres died; a pupil of St. Paul and one of the capitulated to the French; 9,107 prisonfathers of the church. His epistle to the ers, 171 cannon, and great quantities of church of Corinth, though valuable for its ammunition and stores were taken. antiquity, is excluded from the canon. 1795. Manheim surrendered to the im946. EDRED. the successor of Edmund perialists under Wurmzer with more than I of England, died of quinsy. 10,000 men. 1585. THOMAS TALLIS died; "one of 1795. Battle of Geresio, in Italy; the the greatest musicians that England ever Austrians defeated by the French under bred." Angereau and Chastel. 1610. BERNARD DE GIRARD DE HAILLAN, 1796. Battle of Castella Nuovo, in Italy; a French historian, died. His history the Austrians defeated by the French unreaches from Pharamond to the death of der Massena, with the loss of 6,000. This Charles VII, and he was the first who closed the campaign, Bonaparte having composed a body of French history in defeated three armies and four generals. French. 1798.- The king of Naples accompanied 1616. RICHARD HAKLUYT died; famous by the Austrian general Mack and 80,000 in English history for his naval skill. He men, entered the Romish territories, but is author of a collection of voyages and were soon compelled to retreat and act on discoveries in 3 vols. folio, and of several the defensive. other useful works. 1804. STEPHEN BORGIA, an Italian car1665. VALENTINE GREATBREAKES, an dinal eminent for his piety and learning, Irishman, appeared in England announc- died at Lyons, while attending the pope ing his power to cure many diseases by on his journey to Paris. stroking the patient. Flamstead, the as- 1808. Battle of Tudela, in Spain; the tronomer, is said to have, when young, French under Lannes, attacked and desubmitted to his art. feated the Spaniards under Castanos. 1679. WILLIAM WILDE, an eminent Eng- 1812. American privateer Tom, of Ballish lawyer, died. He published Ydver- timore, captured British packet Townsend. ton's Reports, was created baronet, and The British captain and 4 men were killed. made a judge of the common pleas, and 1812. The northern army under Gen. afterwards promoted to the king's bench. Dearborn went into winter quarters at 1683. A partition line agreed upon by Plattsburgh, Burlington and Greenbush. governor Dongan and governor Treat, be- 1814. ELBRIDGE GERRY, vice-president tween New York and Connecticut, begin- of the United States, died at Washington, ning at the mouth of Byam brook, in the aged 70. He was a signer of the declarasound, thence running up the brook to the tion of independence, a member of the road across the same, thence in a north- congress of 1776, and of the convention erly line into the country, keeping at a which formed the constitution. He transdistance of 20 miles from Hudson's river. acted business as usual in the morning, (See May 14, 1731.) was attacked about 10 o'clock, and died in 1709. WILLIAM BENTINCK, earl of Port- 15 minutes. land, favorite of William III, and an emi- 1833. JEAN BAPTISTE JOURDAN, a celenent statesman, died. brated French general of the revolution, 1758. Battle of Crefelt; the French died. In 1794 he conquered Belgium. and under St. Germaine defeated by the allies in 1796 subdued Franconia. "Jourdan," under the duke of Brunswick, with the said Napoleon at St. Helena, "is a poor loss of 6,000, among whom was the count general, but he possessed the virtues rare de Gisors. The allies lost 1,500. among his competitors, of honor, integrity 1763. ANTHONY FRANCIS D'EXILES, a and humanity." French writer, died. He was educated 1849. The bones of Col. JOHN DIXWELL, among the Jesuits, but entered the army. the regicide, were removed from the grave He translated Richardson's novels into of the centre churchyard, New Haven, French. ~ where they were deposited in 1688, and 1775. The British lieutenant-colonel reinterred with a view to the erection of a JOHN CONNELLY captured near Hagerstown monument over them. The skeleton was by the Americans, on his way to Detroit in a good state of preservation. with papers and despatches of great im- 1852. JOHN SERGEANT, an eminent Phiportance. ladelphia lawyer, died, aged 73. For 1794. JOACHIM IBARRA, an eminent more than half a century he was known Spanish printer, died. He raised the art and honored for his ability and integrity. of typography to an excellence before unequaled in Spain. As he never left his Nov. 24.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 447 NOVEMBER 24. from hostile Indians, and a payment of 12 coats of English cloth, 12 alchymy spoons, 30. Eclipse of the sun in Palestine, ac- 12 hatches, 12 hoes, 2 dozen knives, 12 companied by an earthquake, which over- porringers, and 4 cases of French knives threw several edifices at Niceas, in Bythi- and scissors. nia. By th~. calculations of several eminent 1675. Tea and coffee houses in London astronomers, it is demonstrated that this permitted by royal proclamation to be great eclipse, which is mentioned by Phle- reopened, on condition that the keepers gon, and in the Grecian monuments, as should prevent sedition, and the reading having happened in the 202d Olympiad, of libels in them. took place on this day and year. Phlegon 1694. JOHN TILLOTSON, archbishop of says, the day was changed into night at Canterbury,died, aged 65. Hewasa popular the 6th hour (noon), and the stars were preacher, who exerted himself strenuously seen. Between Cairo and Jerusalem it was against popery, and was finally elevated to wholly obscured for about two minutes, the highest dignity in the church. and by calculation, it is supposed, the 1704. LANDAU surrendered to the impermiddle of the eclipse happened at Jerusa- ialists after a loss of 4,000 men. lem, an hour and fifteen minutes after 1728.1FRANcls MASCLEF, aFrench ecclesinoon. astic, died. A difference in theological 62. AULUS PERSIUS FLACCUS, a Roman opinions from his bishop led to his dissatirist, died, aged 28. He was a native of missal. From this time he devoted himEtruria, studied at Rome, and imbibed the self to study with so much application as stoic philosophy of Cornutus, to whom he to bring on a disease that hastened his bequeathed his library and 25,000 crowns. death. His principal work was a Hebrew His satires, animated and often beautiful, grammar, in which he discarded the vowel have been translated by several of the points, and embodied an elaborate arguBritish poets. ment against them. 1213. The possessions of the knights 1732. OTTOMAR ELLIGER, a distinguished templars, in England appropriated by the Prussian painter, died by intemperance. crown, in obedience to a papal mandate, 1751. GEORGE GRAHAM, an ingenious in trust for the knights hospitalers. That watch maker, died. He was not only the distinguished order was instituted in 1118, most eminent of his profession, but the and consisted originally of nine poor best mechanic of his time, and had a comknights, who for Christ's love protected the plete knowledge of practical astronomy. avenues of his shrine from infidels and 1755. LAWRENCE RICCI, an illustrious robbers. Florentine, died. He embraced the order 1230. MATTHEW DE MORTMORENCY, con- of the Jesuits, of which he was general at stable of France, died. He distinguished the time of its suppression; was imprisoned himself on mnny important occasions in by the pope, and died in confinement. the field, and proved himself equally cap- 1758. Pittsburgh evacuated by the able as a statesman. French. 1516. JAMES V'S charter of the town of 1759. Fort Du Quesne, now Pittsburgh, Maybole, in Ayrshire, Scotland, bears this in Pennsylvania, taken by general Forbes. date. A room in the Red Lion inn in this 1759. One of the most violent eruptions town, is shown as having been that in of mount Vesuvius ever known, which which John Knox and the abbot Kennedy took place without any of the usual prehad the debate on the mass. ceding symptoms. 1567. The laird of Airth and the laird of 1776. THEOPHILUS BORDEN, an eminent Wemyss met upon the high street of Edin- French physician, died. He gained great burgh, with their followers, when a furious reputation at Paris, where he published encounter took place, "many being hurte on nine medical works. both sides by shote of pistoll." Three days 1789. Assignats, the name given to paper afterwards a strict proclamation was issued, money, first issued in France. forbidding " the wearing of guns or pistolls, 1790. ROBERT HENRY, a Scottish clergyor aney sick like fyerwork ingyne, under man, died; author of a history of Great ye paine of death, the king's guards and Britain " on a new plan." shouldours only excepted." 1814. Treaty of peace signed at Ghent, 1572. JOHN KNOX, the celebrated Scottish between the United States and GreatBritain. reformer, died. He fiercely inveighed 1819. Champlain canal declared to be against the established religion, and suc- navigable. ceeded in reforming the doctrines of the 1828. CLARKE ABEL, a medical officer church in his country. and naturalist, who accompanied the em1638. Quinnipiack, now New Haven, bassy of lord Amherst to China in 1816, purchased of Monauguin, sachem of the died. country, in consideration of protection 1835. WILLIS DUANE died at Phila. 448 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 24. delphia; many years editor of the Aufora, valor, and deserved the friendship of one of the most able and distinguished Cromwell, whose daughter he married. He papers which supported Mr. Jefferson and died at the siege of Limerick, and was his measures. buried with great pomp in Westminster 1848. Pope Pius IX, after a week's im- abbey; but at the restoration was dug up prisonment in his palace, escaped in dis- and exposed on Tyburn gibbetivith Cromguise to Mola di Geta. well and Bradshaw. 1852. WALTER FORWARD, an eminent 1687. NICHOLAS STENO, an eminent DanAmerican statesman, died at Pittsburgh, ish anatomist, died. aged 66. He was a native of Connecticut, 1694. ISMAEL BULLIALDUS, an astronobut achieved his reputation at the west. mer of the isle of France, died. 1854. The steamer Ocean, from Boston, 1748. ISAAC WATTS, an English dissentfor the Kennebec, came in collision in Bos- ing divine, died; author of several valuton harbor, with the Atlantic steamer able works on subjects of divinity, and Canada, took fire and was destroyed. whose hymns and poetical version of the 1855. Louis MATTHIEU, count Mole, psalms are still in general use. formerly prime minister of Louis Philippe, 1758. Fort du Quesne taken by the Britdied, aged 75. His abilities attracted the ish and provincial army, 8,000 men, under attention of Napoleon, and he filled various general Forbes; the French garrison, deoffices under the different rulers of France serted by the Indians, being unequal to its till his decease. maintenance. In compliment to the popular minister, William Pitt, it was named Pittsburgh, and has become an important NOVEMBER 25. place at the head of the Ohio. 1759. Battle of Chinchura, in the East 165 B. c. Feast during eight days, com- Indies; the Dutch defeated by the British mencing on the 25th of the Hebrew month under colonel Forde. Casleu, of the dedication of the temple, 1760. Tripoli nearly destroyed by an repaired and purified by the care of Judas earthquake, shocks of which had continued Macabseus, being the anniversary of its nearly amonth. Balbec was entirely ruined. profanation three years before by the order 1766. ZACHARY GREY, an English scholar of Antiochus Epiphanes. and divine, died. He was the author of 1185. Lucius III (Humbaldo llUineigoli), thirty publications, the best known of pope, died. He was twice compelled to which is an edition of Hudibras, with cufly from Rome to avoid the popular tumult. rious and interesting notes. He established, with the countenance of 1770. PHILIP MORANT died; a learned the emperor Frederick, constitutions for and indefatigable English antiquary and the punishment of heretics, which may biographer. be considered as the origin of the inquisi- 1774. HENRY BAKER, an ingenious Engtion. lish naturalist, died, aged 70. 1542. Battle of Solway Moss; the Scot- 1775. EUSEBIUS AMORT died; a distintish army under Sinclair defeated by an guished Bavarian ecclesiastical and theoloinferior force of English under Dacres and gical writer. Musgrave. 1780. NAPHTALI DAGGETT, fifth president 1547. HENRY II, of France, caused the of Yale college, died. He had previously following to be proclaimed: " We forbid been professor of divinity; was a good all booksellers, printers, &c., under pain classical scholar and a learned divine. of confiscation, to print any book relating 1783. New York evacuated by the Britto the holy scriptures." ish. The Americans under general Knox 1560. ANDREW DORIA, the famous Geno- took possession of it, and received general ese admiral, died. He distinguished him- Washington and governor Clinton, who self in the service of several Italian princes, made a public entry into it. and finally achieved the liberty of his own 1785. RICHARD GLOVER, an English poet, country, of which he refused to accept the died. He was a merchant by profession, sovereignty. who made a proficiency in the belles lettres; 1624. RICHARD CRACKANTHORP, an elo- and acquired an enviable reputation as a quent English preacher, died. He was citizen. also an author of merit. 1785. CHARLES DE MAUR, an eminent 1626. EDWARD ALLEYN died; an actor of Spanish mathematician and engineer, died. great reputation in the reigns of Elizabeth He was employed in the army, and in the and James I, and founder of Dulwich col- construction of canals and roads. lege. 1789. A Jamaica paper of this date states, 1651. HENRY IRETON, a republican gen- that 2,300 negroes had been imported into eral in the English civil war, died. He that island from Africa within the four possessed great abilities and uncommon weeks then preceding. Nov. 25.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 449 1792. Battle of Liege; the Austrians un- lasted four days, in which 100 persons der Staray defeated by the French under were killed, and many wounded. Dumourier, and compelled to cross the 1855. The town of Kars, after a siege of river. seven months, its garrison being reduced 1795. STANISLAUS PONIATOWSKI, king of to extremities, surrendered to the Russians Poland, deposed by Catharine of Russia. on honorable terms. He resigned his crown at Grodno, and was permitted to retire into Russia, where he died three years after. NOVEMBER 26. 1816. The new theatre, Philadelphia, illuminated with gas lights, under the di- 380. GREGORY NAZIANZEN installed in rection of Dr. Kugler, being the first thea- the see of Constantinople, by the hand of tre on this continent thus illuminated. Theodosius, upon the removal of Demo1833. NICHOLASESTERHAZY died; prince philus, and the fall of Arianism in the of Este, field marshal and privy counselor East soon followed. of the emperor of Austria. He was at one 1120. Prince WILLIAM, with Richard and time one of the richest subjects in Europe. Mary, children of Henry I, of England, The choice Tokay wine is made from his with attendants and others, to the number fruitful principality, upon whose estates of 180, wrecked in coming from Normandy, were the largest flocks of sheep in Europe. after which the king was never seen to 1835. ROBERT GOODACRE, a distinguished laugh. English lecturer on astronomy, died. 1504. ISABELLA, queen of Castile, died. 1837. St. Charles, in Canada, taken from Her reign was remarkable for the conquest the patriots by the British troops. The of Grenada from the Moors and the discovCanadian force consisted of between 3 and ery of America; but was disgraced by the 4,000; their loss was 200 killed, 300 wound- introduction of the inquisition. ed and 30 taken prisoners. 1678. STALEY, a catholic goldsmith, ex1840. A negro woman, in Virginia, gave ecuted at Tyburn, London, for saying, as birth to a lusus naturve, in the shape of a testified by a Scotchman, "Here's the child with two heads, four arms and two hand that will kill the king." chests; but from the umbilicus downwards, 1703. The great storm in England, the the formation was that of a single child; it most violent on record. The Eddystone did not survive. A living and perfect lighthouse was thrown down; 13 men-ofchild was born at the same time. war and 1,5Q0 seamen perished, with the' 1851. Battle at Cerralvo; between Car- admiral, BeaiTmont; bishop Kidder and a vajal, with 350 men, and Jarregui, the great number of persons were killed; and Mexican general, with 320 men and 2 pieces an immense number of animals, and a great of artillery. Jarregui was driven with loss amount of property destroyed. into a storehouse, which he held until aid 1719. JOHN HUDSON died; an eminent arrived, and Carvajal's troops were dis- English critic and keeper of the Bodleian persed. library. 1852. The canton of Ticino, in Switzer- 1763. ROBERT BOLTON, an English puriland, suppressed the order of Capuchin tan, died; distinguished for his learning monks, and expelled all of that order under and eloquence, and the excellence of his 65 years of age. writings. 1853. J. W. GUNNISON, an eminent United 1780. JEROME DAVID GAUBIUS died; a States topographical engineer, was killed German professor of medicine, and lecturer by a party of Utah Indians, while engaged on botany and chemistry. in the survey of a route across to the Pa- 1793. The French republican'calendar cific. was first used, but discontinued 31st Dec., ~1854. JoHN GIBsoN LOCKHART, an eminent 1805. The decade was seldom used in Scottish author, died at Abbottsford, aged dates. 59. He succeeded Gifford as editor of the 1799. JOSEPH BLACK, a celebrated ScotQuarterly Review in 1829, but is best known tish chemist, died. He was professor of by his Life of Walter Scott. chemistry in the university of Edinburgh, 1854. JOHN KITTO, author of many valu- and made important discoveries in that able works on Bibical literature, died at science. Stuttgart, aged 50. 1807. OLIVER ELLSWORTH, chief justice 1855. Admiral BRUAT, a noted French of the United States, died. naval officer, died on board ship, aged 59. 1812. Battle of Staroy-Borizoff, in RusHe had been governor of the French es- sia; a most sanguinary conflict, in which tablishments in Oceanica, and was sent as the, French were defeated with great commander of the French fleet in the slaughter, after a conflict of four hours; Black sea. 8,000 prisoners and a vast quantity of bag1855. A revolution at Montevideo which gage were captured by the Russians; but 57 450 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 26. the greatest trophy was two whole regi- and lived in retirement and study, free ments of Saxon cavalry, fresh, and in ex- from the noise and hurry of ambition. cellent order. 602. MAURITIUS TIBERIUS, emperor of 1817. First newspaper in Wayne county Rome, died. He was a Cappadocian, disissued. tinguished himself at the head of the Ro1818. Field marshal COLLOREDO, Aus- man armies, and was made emperor. But trian minister of state, and director-general though valiant and successful, he was deof artillery, died at Vienna, aged 84. feated by his own general Phocas, and put 1826. JOHN NICHOLS, printer and editor to death, together with his five sons. of the Gentleman's Magazine, died at Lon- 1520. The Castilian insurgents under De don. Acuna, consisting of priests and men in 1827. JOSE ALVAREZ, a famous Spanish holy orders, offered the royalists battle at sculptor, died at Madrid. Rio Seco; but the latter sued for terms, 1829. BUSHROD WASHINGTON died; one which not being accepted, the royalists of the judges of the supreme court of the struck a blow which turned the scale of United States. fortune in their favor. 1829. Great inundation of the Nile be- 1520. FERNANDO MAGALHAENS entered gan, by which 30,000 persons perished. the Pacific ocean, through the straits which 1836. JOHN LOUDON McADAM, died in bear his name. He navigated its waters Scotland, aged 80; the celebrated intro- three months and twenty days without ducer of the system of road making which finding an island; but during this course bears his name. He was 60 years of age he enjoyed continuous fair weather, with when he commenced his public career as a such favorable winds, that he bestowed on reformer of roads; yet he became so great the ocean the name of Pacific, which it a benefactor that the British government still bears. made him a grant of nearly $50,000. 1627. The fall of a luminous stone or 1842. ROBERT SMITH, a cabinet minister meteorolite, weighing 57 pounds, on Mt. under presidents JefIfrson and Madison, Voisin, in Province, under a clear sky, died at Baltimore, aged 85. observed by Gassendi. 1851. PREISSNITZ, founder of the system 1630. Great earthquake at Peru. of hydropathy, died at Graefenberg, in Ba- 1666. Battle of Pentland hills, in which varia, aged 52. the persecuted covenanters were defeated 1851. Marshal SOULT, duke of Dalmatia, by the king's troops. died in France, aged 82; terminating a long 1707. FITZ JOHN WINTHROP, governor of public career, both military nd civil. Connecticut, died. He was distinguished 1852. An earthquake greatly damaged for his knowledge in philosophy and his the city of St. Jago de Cuba. skill in politics, and took a conspicuous 1852. At Stafford house, in London, part in the affairs of the colonies, both in some English ladies, headed by the duch- peace and war. ess of Sutherland, adopted an address to 1710. The British general Stanhope surthe women of America on the subject of prised at Briheuga, and compelled to surnegro slavery, which subsequently received render to the Spaniards with 2,000 men. 576,000 signatures. 1714. Several persons tried for insulting the dissenters and breaking their windows at Bristol. This seemed to be an omen of NOVEMBER 27. the dawn of a more liberal day. 1754. ABRAHAM DEMOIVRE, a noted 226 B. C. A solemn annual feast institut- French mathematician, died. His abilities ed at Rfme, derived from the barbarians, were so highly admired by the Royal sowhen two Greeks and two Gauls, one of ciety of London that they judged him a either sex, were inhumed alive, in the ox- fit person to decide the famous contest bemarket. It was instituted upon the inva- tween Newton and Leibnitz. sion of the Boian Gauls, in order to fulfill 1778. General WASHINGTON broke up a sybilline prophecy, that those terrible his camp and marched to Middlebrook, to nations should one day be masters of the go into winter quarters. The British excapitol. At this period the city inrolled pedition against Georgia, under colonel 770,000 infantry. Campbell, 2,500 troops, sailed from Sandy 222 B. C. MARCELLUS carried off the spoils Hook on the same day, escorted by a of Viridomarus, which is the last single squadron under sir Hyde Parker. handed triumph. 1779. THOMAS, lord Lyttleton, a states8 B. C. QUINTUS HORATIUS FLACCUS (Ho- man of some merit, died in his 36th year. race), an ancient lyric and satiric poet, Itis storiedof him, that three days previous died. He became the friend of Augustus, to his death a ghost admonished him that who offered him preferments, but he had it would happen. the greatness of mind to refuse them all, 1781. Sortie from the garrison of Gib Nov. 27.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 451 raltar, at 2 P. M., under Gen. Ross. They 1843. SUSAN JOHNSTON, widow of the took and destroyed two mortar and three late John Johnston, Esq., of Ireland, h vy cannon batteries, blew up several died at Sault St. Marie. She was daughSlhish magazines, and returned before ter of Wabojeeg, chief of the Chippewa daylight with the loss of 4 killed, having nation. destroyed property estimated at three mil- 1850. HARDIN BIGELOW, mayor of Salions. cramento, died of cholera.. He had dis1788. THOMAS HARMER died; an eminent tinguished himself by his vigor and braveEnglish dissenting divine, and critical ry in quelling the squatter riots in Sacrawriter on Biblical literature. mento, and in enforcing the laws, by which 1792. The national convention of France he was wounded, and lost an arm. erected the duchy of Savoy into an 84th 1852. ADA AUGUSTA, countess of Lovedepartment of the French republic, lace, and daughter of Byron, died, aged 1807. The royal family of Portugal to 37. Her tastes turned to metaphysics and avoid being made prisoners by Gen. Junot, mathematics. who was approaching their capital, em- 1855. ROBERT BUNYAN died at Lincoln, barked at the mouth of the Tagus for Brazil. England, aged 80; the last male descend1811. GASPAR MELCHIOR DE JOVELLANOS ant in a direct line from the author of died; one of the most distinguished Span- Pilgrim's Progress. lards of modern times, both as a statesman 1856. H. TOLLENS, the great national and a writer. The wretched state of the poet of Holland, died at Ryswick, aged 77. Spanish book trade does not allow a com- His poetry, remarkable for its ardent paplete collection of his works to appear. triotism, enjoyed extraordinary popularity 1812. Battle of Berezina; the Russian among all classes of his countrylmen. general Wittgenstein forced the French across the river, who were killed and drowned in great numbers in their flight. NOVEMBER 28. It is scarcely possible to calculate the loss A of the French on this occasion. Cannon, 411. FLAVIUS JULIUS CONSTANTINE put bayonets, fire and water contributed to to death by order of Constantius. He was their destruction. A vast quantity of a private Roman soldier, who invested booty from Moscow fell into the hands of himself with the imperial purple in Britain, the Russians. and added Gaul and Spain to his domin1812. British frigate Southampton, Capt. ions. Yeo, and her prize the U. S. brig Vixen, 741. GREGORY III, pope, died. He was totally lost on a reef of rocks 9 miles from a charitable but magnificent pontiff, who the island of Conception. The officers and added great splendor to the holy see. crews of both vessels were saved. 1285. PETER III, king of Arragon, died. 1812. A detachment of United States He is notorious for the massacre of the troops in ten boats made a successful at- French in the island of Sicily, called the tack upon the batteries opposite Black Sicilian Vespers, by which he became masRock, in Canada, spiked the cannon, and ter of the kingdom. returned. 1443. Revolt of Scanderbeg from the 1814. Unsuccessful attack of the British Turkish power, holding the standard of on fort Kalunga, in the East Indies. Brit- his native mountains. ish loss about 500. 1499. EDWARD PLANTAGENET, earl of 1827. Eruption of the mud volcano of WVVarwick, beheaded. Jokmali, on the Caspian sea. The flames 1523. Election of CLEMENT VII (Jiulius burst forth and blazed up to an extraordi- de Medici), to the disappointment and deep nary height for a period of three hours, so resentment of cardinal Wolsey; an event as to be seen at the distance of six German which had its weight in the establishment miles (31 Eng.?), after which they scarcely of the English reformation. rose three feet above the crater which dis- 1631. EDMUND RICHER, an eminent charged the mud. French theological writer, died. He pos1836. ANTOINE CHARLES.HORACE VER- sessed great powers of mind, and a lively NET died at Paris. He has produced some imagination; but his writings becamne obof the best paintings of the age. That of noxious to the pope's legate, and drew on the battle of Fontenoy is much admired. him persecution. 1838. The castle of San Juan de Ulloa. 1655. Peace between England and France at Vera Cruz, Mexico, taken by a French proclaimed. naval force. The castle was reputed a very 1680. GIOVANNI LoRENzo BERNINI died; strong one, but was taken after a bombard- an Italian famous for his skill in painting, ment of 5 hours. The French lost 4 men sculpture, architecture and mechanics. He killed; loss of the Mexicans upwards of left a large fortune and was buried with 400. great magnificence. 452 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 28 1708. ANTHONY VANDALE died; an emi- 1825. MAXIMILIAN SEBASTIAN FOY, a nent Dutch physician and critic. distinguished French officer and orator, 1776. WASHINGTON retreated across the died. His funeral was attended by t]uPassaic before Cornwallis. The diminution sands of his countrymen, and a miuof the American army by the departure of ment erected to his memory. those whose terms of service had expired, 1828. MILLER RITCHIE, justly considered encouraged the British to pursue the re- the father of fine English printing, died. maining force with the prospect of annihi- 1840. London enveloped in dense fog, lating it. The pursuit was urged with so which arrested business in the city and on much rapidity, that the rear of the army, the river. Serious accidents and loss of pulling down bridges, was often within life occurred. Such an event had not ocsight and shot of the van of the other, curred before in 20 years; it was impossibuilding them up. ble to find the way along the streets with1778. EDWARD ROWE MORES, an able out lighted flambeaux. English antiquary, died. 1849. THOMAS H. BLAKRE, an early settler 1782. Edict of the emperor JOSEPH II, at Terre Haute, Ind., and a distinguished absolving religious orders in the Low American statesman, died. Countries from all foreign dependence whatever. 1785. WILLIAM WHIPPLE, one of the signers, died. He was a native of New NOVEMBER 29. Hampshire, and employed several years in commercial voyages. In 1775 he was a 92. AGRIPPA observed at Bethynia a representative from Portsmouth, and in conjunctionof the moon with the Pleiades 1777 was placed at the head of a brigade about 7 o'clock in the evening. raised to oppose Burgoyne, which he com- 511. CLoVIS, the conqueror of Gaul and manded at the battle of Saratoga. the real founder of the French monarchy, 1789. The iron, lead and woodwork died. He fixed the royal residence at Luof the Bastile were Sold at Paris by auc- satia, the modern Paris, which was origition. nally situated on the isle of France, in the 1794. FREDERICK WILLIAM AUGUSTUS, Seine. baron Steuben, died at Steubenville, N.Y., 1268. CLEMENT IV (Guy de Foulques), aged 61. He came to America from France pope, died. He was a Frenchman, of in 1777, and joined the revolutionary great moderation, prudence and impartialarmy. His sound judgment and experi- ity. ence, attained in the army of Frederick 1290. ELEANOR, queen of England, died. the Great, was of incalculable advantage She was a Castilian princess, characterized to the Americans in establishing discipline as pious, prudent and charitable, elegant and a uniform system of manoeuvres. in her person, and gentle in her man1799. KIEN LONG, emperor of China, ners. died, aged 90. He received addresses from 1314. PHILIP IV (the Fair), of France, Voltaire and Peter Pindar. died. He engaged in a long and bloody 1800. MATTHEW YOUNG, an Irish bishop war with England,Germany and Flanders, and mathematician, died. and in a single engagement with the latter 1801. DEODAT GUY SILVAIN TANCREDE 25,000 of his enemies were slain. DE DOLOMIEU, an eminent French geolo- 1330. RODGER MORTIMER, earl of March, gist, died, of a disease taken during an hanged near London. He was engaged as imprisonment. He was indefatigable in a principal actor in a complicated scene of the pursuit of his favorite science. guilt with Isabella queen of Edward II. 1806. The French under Murat entered 1378. CHARLES IV, emperor of Germany, Warsaw, the capital of ancient Poland, died. His reign is famous for the golden which had been overawed by the Russian bull, enacted by the diet of Nuremberg. soldiery, kept there for the purpose. He founded theuniversity of Prague, and 1812. LOGAN, the Mingo chief, died; so deserves the respect of the learned for the well known by his misfortunes. patronage he extended to literature. 1812. Battle of Tchatchovo; the Rus- 1526. JOHN DE MEDICIS died, aged 28; a sians again defeated the French on the warrior in the service of Francis I of left bank of the Berezina. This was the France, and surnamed the invincible. last battle of consequence in Russia. Bona- 1530. THOMAS WOLSEY, an English carparte fled the field, and was no more seen dinal, died in disgrace. From a butcher's in any conflict during this campaign. His boy he rose to be archbishop of York, army was reduced to a wretched band of and prime minister of England. He even the shadows of men. aspired to the popedom. At the height of 1818. ANN DAWSON died at Harrowgate, his fortune he had in his retinue 800 serEngland, aged 161. vants, among whom were ten lords, fifteen Nov. 29.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 453 knights and forty esquires. His expenses to reascend and finish his work. He lived exceeded the revenues of the crown. All 40 years afterwards. this he owed to the capricious favor of the 1775. Captain MANLY, of Marblehead, king, Henry VIII, who suddenly stripped in a privateer, took an ordnance brig from him of all his possessions. Woolwich containing a large brass mortar, 1599. CHRISTOPHER BARKER, printer to several pieces of fine brass cannon, a large queen Elizabeth, died at Windsor. His quantity of'small arms and ammunition, books were specimens of good workman- with all kinds of tools, utensils and maship of that time. chines necessary for camps and artillery; 1632. The king of Bohemia died; on *'W)t a few days after three ships from Lonthose youngest daughter, Sophia, by Eli- don, Glasgow and Liverpool, with various zabeth, sister of Charles I, and her issue, stores for the British army. the crown of England was finally settled. 1780. MARIA THERESA, archduchess of 1643. WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT, an English Austria, queen of Hungary, and empress dramatic poet, died. of Germany, died. She will ever rank 1652. The Dutch fleet under Van Tromp high among illustrous women, and among defeated the English, and Van Tromp those sovereigns who have been the benesailed through the channel with a broom factors of mankind. at the mast head. 1781. The British evacuated Dorchester 1661. BRIAN WALTON, an English bish- on the approach of the Americans under op, died; editor of the Polyglot Bible, in general Greene; by which all the rice 6 vols. plantations between the Edisto and Ashley 1662. Count D'EsTRADES took possession rivers were saved to the Americans. of Dunkirk, purchased bythe French king 1792. DAVID DALRYMPLE, lord Hailes, of Charles IH of England. died. He was noted for his knowledge of 1682. Prince RUPERT, son of Frederick, law, and as an antiquarian, and was intiking of Bohemia, died. He acquired mili- mate with the most eminent men of the age. tary fame in the English civil war, but is 1793. ANTHONY PETER JOSEPH MARIE DE better known for his discoveries in the BARNAVE, a French'avocat, guillotined. arts and sciences. He invented what is He displayed great eloquence and strong called after him prince's metal, and dis- powirs of mind in the national assembly; covered the art of engraving in mezzotint. but failing to keep pace with the terrorists, 1694. MARCELLO MALPIGHI, an Italian was imprisoned fifteen months, and finally physician, died. His discoveries in ana- brought to the block. tony were curious and important. By his 1793. M. F. DUPORT DU TERTRE guillodelicate dissections he found out the lo- tilled at Paris; a modest and studious bules of the liver, and the nature of the man, whose philosophical ideas led him formation and mechanism of the kidneys, to declare in favor of the revolution, in and of the veins and heart. which he always displayed great modera1695. ANTHONY WOOD, a famous English tion. antiquary, died. 1793. The Austrians under Wurmzer 1710. Battle of Villa Visciosa; the left defeated the French with great slaughter, wing of the allies under Staremberg de- and drove them beyond Strasburg. Loss feated by the French and Spaniards under of the French estimated at 15,000. the duke de Vendome; but the victors 1793. Battle near Lautern; the duke of instead of following the blow began to Brunswick defeated the French in two atplunder the baggage; Staremberg with his tacks, with great slaughter. right wing fought their left with such valor 1794. CAESAR BONESANA BECCARIA, an and perseverance till night, that they re- Italian philosopher, died. He published tired in disorder with the loss of 6000 a treatise on crimes and punishments, killed, leaving him master of the field which became a popular work, and was and all their artillery. translated into various languages. 1732. The city of Aveline and nearly 1802. Ohio admitted into the Union. all of the city of Oriano, inNaples, destroy- 1807. The royal family and court of ed by an earthquake. Portugal emigrated to Brazil, on the inva1759. WILLIAM DICKINS died at Kysoe, sion of the Portuguese kingdom by the England. His life is remarkable for a French. single feat. While engaged in building 1812. British schooner Subtle, in chase the spire of a church, he fell from the of the American privateer Favorite, upset height of 132 feet. In his descent he in a squall, and sunk before the Favorite struck the battlements with such force as could come to her assistance. All the to fracture his leg and foot severely, and crew perished. bring part of the stone work to the ground 1812. The American troops, 1400, emwith him. He sustained so little injury in barked for the invasion of Canada under other respects, that he was soon enabled general Smyth. 454 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Nov. 29. 1812. Battle of Autosse, between 950 1700. Battle of Narva; the Russians unGeorgia militia and about 400 friendly In- der Peter the great defeated by the Swedes dians and a body of Creek Indians. The under Charles XII. The forces of the two Creeks were defeated with the loss of 200 armies were unequal; that of the Russians killed, among whom was the Autosse and differently stated from 80 to 100,000, while Talisse kings. that of the Swedes varies from 8 to 20,000. 1813. G(IAMBATTISTA BODONI, a celebrat- Charles h'af a horse killed under him, and ed Italian printer, died. He was placed was struck in the neck by a ball. at the head of an establishment at Parma, 1718. CHARLES XII, king of Sweden. in 1766, which he made the frst of the killed by a musket shot while attacking kind in Europe, and gained the reputation one of the forts in Fre.derickshall, Norway. of having surpassed all the splendid and 1733. In consequence of a vast exportabeautiful productions of his predecessors tion of grain from England, freights nearin the art. ly doubled and the price of wheat rose in 1814. The first newspaper printed by some places to four shillings per bushel. steam power. This was the Times, of 1750. The nunneries of Begging Friars London. The machine was the invention suppressed in Ireland by the pope for vile of a Saxon by the name of K6nig, and and disorderly practices. printed at the rate of 1100 papers per hour. 1750. MAURICE of Saxe, marshal of 1830. Revolt of Poland commenced at France, died. Warsaw, in consequence of the severe and 1751. NICHOLAS BOINDIN, a French drainsulting conduct of the grand duke Con- matist, died. He left the pursuit of arms stantine. The insurrection extended for that of literature, and became celebratquickly through the country, and into ed for his comedies. Lithuania and other parts of ancient Po- 1761. JOHN DOLLOND died; an eminent land.. English optician, and inventor of the 1842. EDMUND HAWLEY died at Hawley, achromatic telescope. Mass., aged 96. He erected the first frame 1781. THEODORE TRONCHIN, an eminent house in that town (then called No. 7), physician of Geneva, died. He was the was a soldier of the revolution, and a jus- pupil of Boerhaave, and the author of setice of the peace for more than 50 years. veral medical works. 1847. The presbyterian mission station 1782. Preliminary articles of peace of Wallah Wallah valley, in Oregon, as- signed at Paris between England and saulted by Indians and several of the mis- America. sionaries slain. 1793. Treaty between the United States and the Creek Indians. 1793. JEAN PIERRE BRISSOT guillotined; NOVEMBER 30. a very eminent Welch writer on philosophy, politics and legislation. 406 B. c. EURIPIDES, the Greek tragic 1793. WILLIAM LEWIs died in the act of poet, died at Barmiscus, in Macedonia. He drinking a cup of French ale, called a wrote 92 tragedies which were greatly es- tumbler maur. He made it a rule to read a teemed, but of which only 19 are extant. certain number of chapters in the Bible in 69. ANDREW, one of the apostles, suf- the morning, and to drink eight gallons of fered martyrdom at Patroe in Achaia, upon ale in the evening. He weighed 40 stone, the cross. He is the patron saint of Scot- and his bulk was enormous. A machine land. in the form of a crane was constructed to 1016. EDMUND II (Ironside), king of Eng- hoist him on the carriage, and to let him land, assassinated. into his grave. He had drank beer enough 1093. MALCOLM III, king of Scots, who in his day to float a 74 gun ship. was the son of the gracious Duncan im- 1801. JOSEPH FRANCIS MAURICE DE LASmortalized by Shakspeare in Macbeth, was cY, a Russian officer in the service of Ausslain in his 70th year. tria, died. He gradually rose to a high 1292. JOHN BALIOL crowned king of rank by his talents displayed at several Scotland at Scone, after swearing fealty to important battles. the king of England. 1803. French port of St. Domingo evac1603. WILLIAM GILBERT, a learned Eng- uated by capitulation; the French under lish physician, died. He discovered some Rochambeau went as prisoners of war on or the properties of the loadstone. board the British squadron, and the black 1654. JOHN SELDEN died; an English prince Dessalines took possession. Almost antiquary, historian and law writer, of all the whites that remained were massamost extensive learning. cred. 1672. The English East India company 1811. British ship Rover captured French lost the island of St. Helena; the Dutch corvette Le Compte Reginaud, 14 guns, taking it. with a valuable cargo of sugar, coffee and Nov. 30.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 455 spices. She had before belonged to the 1833., WILLIAM MACLEOD BANN.&TYNE British navy. died, aged 90; a celebrated Scottish justice, 1812. HARRIET NEWELL, an American one of the contributors to the Mirror and missionary, died atthe Isle of France. She Lounger, and the last survivor of that was a woman of great excellence of char- phalanx of genius which shed a brilliant acter, who was the means of greatly excit- lustre on the periodical literature of Scoting and extending the missionary spirit. land near the close of the 18th century. 1813. The hereditary stadtholder of 1838. Battle of Tampico; the Mexicans Holland arrived at the Hague from Eng- under general Piedra defeated by the fedland to assume the sovereignty of the eralists under general Urrea, with the loss country. of 500. 1815. Fall of meteoric stones at the vil- 1848. Major JOHN ROBERTS died. He lage of Chassigny, near Langres. served in the revolutionary war, and nego1828. JOHN BELL, a distinguished citi- tiated the exchange of prisoners obtained zen of New Hampshire, died. He was a by the convention of Saratoga, 1777. leading member of the senate during the 1850. SERENO EDWARDS DWIGHT, a noted revolutionary war, and possessed great New England preacher, died, aged 65. judgment, decision and integrity. He published a life of Edwards, whose 1830. The two LANDERS in descending works he edited. the Niger, reached the sea, completing the 1853. ANSON G. PHELPS, a prominent, discovery of that river; having ascertained wealthy and benevolent merchant, died in that the Benin, the Nun and the New New York, aged 74. Calabar rivers, are all mouths of the great 1853. Battle at Sinope; the Turkish river Niger, with a direct communication squadron, consisting of 3 frigates, 2 steamwith the Tschad lake. ers and some transports, was destroyed by 1833. GWYLLYM LLOYD WARDLE, an Eng- the Russians; 5000 Turks were killed, lish statesman, died at Florence. He ob- and Osman Pasha was taken prisoner. tained great notoriety for his successful 1856. HENDERSON YOAKEM, the historian motion in the British parliament in 1809 of Texas, died at Houston, aged 46. He for inquiring into the conduct of the duke possessed a high order of legal attainments. of York as commander-in-chief. DECEMBER. DECEMBER 1. became an independent kingdom by a revolution, which placed John, duke of 627. Battle of Nineveh; the Romans Braganza, on the throne. under Heraclius defeated the Persians after 1666. JAMES WARE died, a celebrated a contest from daylight to the eleventh antiquary and historian, of Ireland. hour; 28 standards were wrenched from 1722. ANNA LOUISA KARSCHIN, a German the hands of the conquered, and the cities poetess, born. She was deprived of almost and palaces of Assyria were opened for the every literary advantage by the peculiar first time to the Romans. circumstances under which she was placed, 801. ALCUIN, preceptor of Charlemagne, until she attracted the attention of some presented his illustrious pupil with a influential persons, who published some magnificent folio Bible, bound in velvet, of her poems. She acquired the title of the leaves of vellum, and the writing in the German Sappho, and died in October, double columns, and containing 449 leaves. 1791. Prefixed is a richly ornamented frontis-. 1723. SUSANNAH CENTLIVRE, author of piece, in gold and colors. It is enriched several English dramas, died. She was with four large paintings exhibiting the born in Ireland, and becoming an orphan state of the art at this early period; there at an early age, set out for London on foot. are moreover thirty-four large initial let- Her adventures were romantic. Several ters, painted in gold and colors, and con- of her dramas still keep possession of the taining seals, historical allusions, and em- stage. blematical devices, besides some smaller 1750. A wager was decided at Malden, painted capitals. (See April 27th, 1836.) England, that five men could be buttoned 1135. HENRY I, king of England, died within the waistcoat of a person who had of a surfeit of lampreys. He is charac- died a short time previous, without breakterized as wise and valiant, and ranks ing a stitch or straining a button. Upon among the most accomplished of the Eng- trial, the five persons were buttoned into lish kings. the waistcoat, and two more with them. 1252. BLANCHE, (of Castile,) queen of The person who wore it died at the age of France, died. She married Lewis VIII of twenty-nine, add weighed at the time of France, after whose death she was regent his death 646 pounds, and notwithstanding of the kingdom during the minority of his corpulency, he was remarkably agile. her son, and governed with spirit and There is a print representing the ludicrous ability. appearance of the seven persons buttoned 1521. LEO X (John de Medicis), pope, up in the vest. died. He was the patron of learning and 1775. General MONTGOMERY, having sent learned men; but is to be remembered as several small detachments into the counthe cause of the reformation, in attempting try to strengthen his interest with the to raise money by an unlimited sale of in- Canadians, proceeded with the residue to dulgencies. Point aux Trembles, where he joined Ar1581. EDMUND CAMPRIAN executed. He nold and marched directly upon Quebec. was a learned English writer, who became 1783. M. CHARLES, having made some a Roman catholic, and was hanged with improvements on balloons, ascended at three others for aiding the cause of the Paris in one filled with inflammable air, the pope, and drawn and quartered. first which had been so filled. He ascend1640. MICHAEL VASCONCELLOS, a Portu- ed to the height of 9,000 feet. His preguese statesman devote4to the interests of decessors had only reached a few hundred Spain, was murdered during a political feet. convulsion, and his body treated with ig- 1787. The people at Worcester, England, nominy. rioted under the apprehension, that ma1640. Portugal, of which Philip II of chines were to be introduced for spinning Spain had made himself master in 1580, cotton. Dec. 1.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 457 1789. General WASHINGTON addressed a unceasing and most extensive. It was diplomatic letter from New York to his during his reign that Russia was invaded great and magnanimous friend Sidi Moham- by the most formidable army ever asmed, emperor of Morocco, inclosing a copy sembled in Europe, but which in a few of the new American constitution. months returned in the most wretched de1793. The commune of Paris ordered feat ever known. all the churches to be closed. But the act 1840. Battle of Kotriah, in Scinde, beexciting general abhorrence was soon re- tween 4,000 Beloochees, posted among the pealed. hills, and commanded by Nusser Khan, 1795. Battle of Mainz; the Austrians and 900 Sepoys with 2 field pieces, under under Clairfait attacked and carried the lieutenant colonel Marshall. Of the former French entrenchments, took 106 cannon, 500 were slain, and 6 chiefs and 132 fol200 ammunition wagons and 2000 prisoners. lowers captured. 1795. Kreutznach carried by storm twice 1848. Hungary declared itself an indeby the French under Pichegru, who was pendent republic. at length obliged to retire by the Austri- 1849. EBENEZER ELLIOTT, called the corn ans. law rhymer, died in England. 1795. At Lauterbach two whole bat- 1852. The French senate went in a body talions of French were cut to pieces by the to St. Cloud to announce officially to Louis Austrians. Napoleon the result of the election, and 1797. OLIVER WOLCOTT, governor of to hail him as emperor. Connecticut, died, aged 71. He was one of the signers of the declaration of independence, for which he was a bold ad- DECEMBER 2. vocate, and was in the army of general Gates at the surrender of Burgoyne. He 1469. PIETRO DE MEDICI, governor of was remarkable for intrepidity, integrity, Florence, died, aged 53. He was of weak strong and bold conceptions, and great de- constitution, but well meaning and prucision of character. dent, and was assisted by his son Lorenzo 1803. THOMAS ASTLE, an eminent Eng- in affairs of state. Under his reign an atlish antiquary, died. tempt was made to wrest the reins of 1808. Battle of the Samo-Sierra, a nar- government from the family. row pass which the Spaniards had fortified 1549. MARGARET DE VALOIS, a French with 12,000 men and 16 pieces of cannon, princess, died; noted for her learning and which completely swept the road leading the encouragement she gave,to commerce, to Madrid. The French began the attack agriculture and the arts among her subat daybreak. Three battalions scattered jects. themselves over the opposite sides of the 1552. FRANCIS XAVIER died; a French defiles and a warm skirmishing fire com- missionary, denominated'the apostle of menced. At this moment Bonaparte came the Indies. He was one of the most up. He rode into the mouth of the pass, zealous disciples of Ignatius Loyola; persurveyed the scene for a moment, and per- formed his mission in Hindostan, the Moceiving that his infantry.were making no luccas, and Japan, and was on the point progress, at once conceived the daring of landing in China, when he died. idea of causing his Polish lancers to charge 1554. FERDINAND CORTES, the conqueror right up the causeway in face of the bat- of Mexico, died, aged 63, leaving a charactery. The smoke of the skirmishers on ter eminent for bravery and ability, but the hill sides mingled with the thick fogs infamous for perfidy and cruelty. and vapors of the morning, and under 1581. JOHN DEE, an English mathematithis veil the brave Krazinski led his troop- cian and sorcerer, died. He was a man of ers fearlessly up the ascent. The Spanish uncommon abilities, learning and applicainfantry fired as they passed them, threw tion, but deluded himself with experidown their arms, abandoned their guns ments in the occult sciences, which he and fled. continued till he reached the age of 80. 1814. Action between American privateer 1594. GERARD MERCATOR, a Dutch maschooner Kemp, of Baltimore, and 9 Brit- thematician, -died. He was self-educated, ish merchantmen, several of which were but attained great eminence, and published captured. numerous valuable maps and charts which 1814. GILLIS MCKERHNIE died at Gou- he engraved and published himself, and rock, Scotland, aged 104, supposed ta be which have been of great use to his sucthe last of the warriors that fought with cessors. prince Charles in 1754. 1615. LEWIS DE BERTHON DE CRILLON, a 1825. ALEXANDER PAULOWITZ, emperor French general and knight, died. He disof Russia, died at Taganrog. His efforts tinguished himself by his valor at the to improve his country and people were siege of Calais, at the age of 15, and during 58 458 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 2. 4 a long series of wars and perilous times at the great battles of Ulm, Austerlitz and displayed so much courage as to acquire Jena. the title of the brave Crillon. 1812. British again cannonaded Black 1723. PHILIP, duke of Orleans, regent of Rock; the fire was returned with so much France during the minority of Louis XV, spirit that their batteries were entirely died at Versailles in the 50th year of his silenced. age. He was a man of talent and political 1816. French general VANDA-MME, retact, but these qualities were much ob- sident at Ghent, arrested and sent to scured by his love of pleasure. Brussels. 1779. ALEXANDER ALBANI died; a Roman 1816. Meeting of the citizens of London cardinal and a man of great merit. at Spafields; about 20,000 assembled to 1784. FRANCIS ARNAUD died; abbot of receive the report of Mr. Hunt, who had Grand Champs, in France, and distin- been appointed to present a petition to the guished by his literary labors. prince regent, praying that two or three 1789. HERSCHELL annouhced the dis- hundred thousand pounds should be apcovery of a 7th satellite to Saturn. propriated out of the civil list fund for the 1791. HENRY FLOOD, the famed Irish relief of the poor. Only five thousand orator and reformer, died. As a member was granted, whereupon great disturbances of the house of commons his whole ener- took place. gies were devoted to the promotion of the 1848. FERDINAND I, emperor of Austria, political interests and internal resources of abdicated the throne, and Francis Joseph, Ireland. his nephew was proclaimed emperor. 1792. Frankfort treacherously given up 1849. ADELAIDE, the queen dowager of to the Austrians, when 1,300 Frenchmen England, died. were massacred by the Hessians, and sev- 1851. Louis NAPOLEON decreed in the eral whose lives were spared had their name of the French people, that the nahands cut off. tional assembly and council of state were 1792. The French under Dumourier dissolved. that universal suffrage was retook possession of Louvain. established, that the first military division 1794. The United States concluded a was in a state of siege, and that the French treaty with the Oneida, Tuscarora and people were convoked in the electoral Stockbridge Indians, residing in the Oneida colleges from December 14 to Dec. 21. country. The former engaged to pay the 1852. Louis NAPOLEON publicly proIndians $5,000 for their losses in the late claimed emperor at the Hotel de Ville in war; to build them a complete grist and Paris, under the name of Napoleon IIl. saw mill, and hire faithful men to attend The emperor entered Paris from St. Cloud, said mills for three years, and instruct and took up his residence in the Tuilleries. some of their young men in those arts; 80,000 troops were under arms, and the to provide teams for carrying on the day was celebrated as a grand holiday in work of the mills, and to apply $1,000 Paris, and in the evening there was a grand to rebuild the church burnt in the war. illumination. 1796. The adventurous MUNGO PARK de- 1853. The steamerWinfield Scott, having parted from Pisania, 200 miles from the on board 500 passengers and $1,100,000 Gambia's mouth, to explore the interior of in gold, was lost in a fog at night, about Africa. 500 miles from San Francisco; the passen1804. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE inaugurated gers and treasure were saved. emperor of France at the cathedral of Notre-Dame, at Paris, and was enthroned with Josephine. DECEMBER 3. 1805. JOSEPH BERNARD DE CHABERT, a French navigator, astronomer!and geo- 69 B. c. The senate published a general grapher, died. He lost his eye sight by thanksgiving in the name of Cicero for intense application, but his powerful me- preserving the city from the Catalinian mory enabled him to make many additions conspiracy. It was the first that had ever to the stores of scientific facts. been decreed to any man in the gown; all 1805. Battle of Austerlitz; the French other thanksgivings having been appointed under Bonaparte defeated the Austro- Rus- for some particular service only. sian armies, under Alexander I and Fran- 1553. PEDRO DE VALDIVIA, having concis I, who had united to check the ambition quered the greater portion of Chili, and of Napoleon. The defeat was attended founded the city of Conception, was atwith the loss of 35,000 killed or drowned, tacked by the Ataucanians, defeated and 20,000 prisoners, and their whole pack of made prisoner. artillery. 1557. The bond or covenant signed at 1806. BONAPARTE decreed at Posen, a Edinburgh, by the duke of Argyle and monument to the French soldiers who fell others, renouncing the congregation of Sa Dec. 3.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 459 tan, with all the superstitions, abominations submitted to the British. They form an and idolatry thereof. independent state under the British gov1586. In Verde, in Hanover, there fell ernment, and contain about 200,000 perlarge quantities of matter, partly red, partly sons, who carry on a considerable comblackened, accompanied by lightning and merce. thunder, a fiery meteor, which burst with 1810. The French, under general Decaen, a loud noise. This matter burnt the boards surrendered the isle of Man to the British on which it fell. general, Abercrombie, with 209 pieces of 1610. The new bell of the cathedral ordnance. church of Lincoln, called Great Tom, 1812. The 29th bulletin of the retreating placed in the steeple of St. Mary. It is the French army was dated at Molodechno, delargest bell in England, being seven feet in scribing their severe privations. diameter at the mouth. 1814. The mayor of Lyons, in France, 1632. DE VRIES, on his second voyage, published an order forbidding all artists to arrived at the Delaware river. He found engrave or paint the likeness of Napoleon that the little colony, left here two years Bonaparte. before (see Dec. 12), had been destroyed 1815. JOHN CARROLL, first catholic bishop by the Indians, and the ground strewed in the United States, died, aged 80. He with the skulls and bones of his murder- was born in the state of Maryland, and ed countrymen. educated in France, where he became a 1647. BUONAVENTURA CAVALIERI, an Jesuit. On his return to America he rose Italian astronomer, died. He was the pupil from a parish priest to the dignity of archof Galileo, and enjoyed a remarkable repu- bishop. tation in his day, but has descended to 1818. Illinois admitted into the union. posterity solely through his method of in- 1821. Royal dance of torches, at Berlin, divisibles, one of the predecessors of the on the occasion of the marriage of the doctrine of fluxions. prince royal with the princess of Bavaria. 1658. JOHN MICRELIUS, professor of di- 1823. JOHN BAPTIST BELZONI, one of the vinity at Stettin, died; a distinguished most eminent travelers in Egypt, died. He theological disputant. was an Italian, who came to England, 1688. The abdication or flight of JAMES where he obtained a subsistence by exhiII, and revolution in England. biting feats of strength and activity at the 1699. Captain DAMPIER arrived at the amphitheatre. He was afterwards engaged island of Papua or New Guinea, in Austral- in exploring and bringing to light the antiasia, and named its eastern extremity New quities of Egypt. Britain. 1826. JOHN FLAXMAN, the celebrated 1705. PEDRO, king of Portugal, died in English sculptor, died. His death is difthe 58th year of his age. Juan IV suc- ferently placed on the 7th and 9th. ceeded. 1834. SIMEON DE WITT died, aged 79; 1758. Daring attempt to assassinate Jo- surveyor-general of the state of New York.'seph, king of Portugal. It was for this He had filled this office from the time of offence that the Jesuits were expelled the its establishment to that of his death, 50 kingdom and their property confiscated- years, with the highest satisfaction and a judgment perhaps unequal to the crime. ability, and was distinguished for his at1775. The continental flag was displayed tainments in astronomy, engineering and for the first time, on board the flag ship physical science. of Esek Hopkins, who was commander- 1838: JOHN BLEECKER VAN SCHAICK, a in-chief of the first American fleet. poet of some merit, diecd at Albany, aged 1787. Delaware adopted the federal con- 35. stitution, being the first state to do so. 1839. FREDERICK VI, king of Denmark, (7th?) died. He was a benefactor to his country, 1798. Coni, the strongest fortification in which is indebted to him for the liberty of Italy, was taken by the Austrians. the press, emancipation from the last re1800. Battle of Hohenlinden; the Aus- mains of feudal authority, abolition of the trians under the archduke John, defeated slave trade, in which Denmark set the exby the Frenchunder Moreau in a severe ample to the rest of Europe, reforms of the snow storm, with great slaughter, and laws, the establishment of schools for night alone saved them from complete de- general education, the introduction of popstruction. The Austrians lost nearly the ular representation, and system, order and whole of their baggage, a great number of economy in the financial affairs of the kingcannon and ammunition wagons, 3 gener- dom. als, and from 10 to 15,000 prisoners. 1839. Pope GREGORY XVI issued a bull 1809. Intelligence was received at Lon- for abolishing the slave trade; " urgently don, that the Ionian isles, the principal of invoking all Christians of whatever condiwhich are Zante, Ithaca and Cerigo, had tion, that none. henceforth dare subject to 460 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 3. slavery, unjustly persecute or despoil of 1672. The king of England shut up the their goods, Indians, negroes, or other exchequer, and suspended payment. classes of men, or be accessories to others 1679. THOMAS HOBBES, a celebrated Engin so doing; and on no account henceforth lishwriter, died. He published his religious, to exercise that inhuman traffic, by which political and moral principles in a comnegroes are reduced to slavery, as if they plete system, which he called the Leviawere not men but automata, or chattels," than. It is said that few writings have &c. had a more pernicious influence in spread1849. WILLIAM L. HUNTER, a Rhode Is- ing irreligion and infidelity than his, and land diplomat, died, aged 75. He studied yet that none of them were directly levelmedicine in London under his kinsman, ed against revealed religion. John Hunter, but subsequently adopted 1679. JOHN BIRKENHEAD died; professor the law. He was chargei at Brazil more of moral philosophy at Oxford, a zealous than ten years. royalist, and a popular courtier. 1851. All attempts to oppose the assump- 1680. THOMAS BARTHOLINE, a learned tion of power by Louis Napoleon were un- Danish physician, died. He lost his lisuccessful; the few barricades that were brary by fire, but that his pursuits might erected were soon torn or battered down. not be interrupted he was made librarian 1854. The people of Mexico completed to the university. His works are chiefly three days' balloting, and decided with medical. great unanimity that the republic should 1717. Mr. SHIPPEN, a member of the continue to be governed by Santa Anna. British parliament, from Salt ~Ash, sent to the tower for saying, " The king's speech was fitted rather for the meridian of GerDECIEMBER 4. many than England." The king had little acquaintance with the English language. 1137. LOTHAIRE II, emperor of Germany, 1732. JOHN GAY, a celebrated English died. He was king of Saxony when he poet, died; whose fables will ever be adwas made king of Germany, and finally mired. His play of the Beggar's Opera invested with the title of emperor. was received with greater favor than had 1139. ROGER, prior of Hexham, died; ever been known on any former occasion. author of a history of the campaign of the 1746. Genoa surrendered to the AusScottish army under king David. trians, and was subjected to the most cruel 1214. WILLIAM (the Lion ), of Scotland, contributions. died. He confederated with Henry of Eng- 1777. Sir WILLIAM HOWE marched the land against his father, and his inconsider- British army from Philadelphia, to Whiteate valor at the siege of Alnwick, as well marsh, for the purpose of attacking Washas many other rash acts, brought misfor- ington, but marched back again without tunes on himself and disgrace upon his making the attack. people. 1783. WASHINGTON took leave of the of1334. JOHN XXII (James d'Eusse), pope, ficers of the American army in New died. He rose under the patronage of York. Charles II, of Naples. He attempted the 1789. The city and suburbs of London, suppression of the Cordeliers; was an act- overspread with a dense fog, so that the ive pontiff, and respected for his frugality, stages traveling between the city and the prudence and sanctity. surrounding villages, were at five in the 1402. CHARLES'VI granted letters patent afternoon, obliged to be preceded by men to the priests to enact mysteries, or as they with lanterns, a thing unprecedented in came to be called moralities, such as the the memory of any one living. conception of the Savior, &c. 1792. WILLIAM FORDYCE, an eminent 1642. JOHN ARMAND DU PLESSIS DE RI- Scottish physician and philanthropist, died CHELIEU, a celebrated French cardinal and in London where he enjoyed an extraordistatesman, died. He was a man of great nary reputation. capacity and boundless ambition, whose 1798. Minister PITT'S bill, establishing ministery forms an era in the French gov- the ten per cent income tax, was introduced ernment, and prepared the way for the into the British parliament. power and grandeur of the reign of Lewis 1808. CHARLES LOUIS FERNOW died; a XIV. distinguished German writer on the fine 1649. WILLIAM DRUMMOND, a Scottish arts. His father was a common laborer, poet and historian, died. He preceded and his early years were those of a talented Waller in polishing English versification. youth struggling with poverty and other 1654. The expedition under Venables difficulties. After finishing an apprenticeand Penn, sailed for America. ship as an apothecary, he maintained him1664. The English, under the duke of self by portrait painting and teaching drawYork, destroyed 130 of the Bordeaux fleet. ing; and finally devoted his attention to Dec. 4.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 461 the history of the fine arts and Italian lite- 1851. GEORGE CRABBE, an eminent Engrature. His productions are valuable. lish author, died near London, aged 73. 1808. Madrid, being invested by Bona- 1852. An earthquake at Acapulco did parte, surrendered. The Spaniards were great damage to the city, though without disarmed, and the town filled with the destroying any lives. Shocks were conFrench army. The pavement had been tinued for a considerable time. taken up; the streets barricadoed; the 1853. Kalafat attacked by the Russians, houses on the outskirts loopholed; but in who were repulsed with great slaughter. a few days tranquility seemed completely re-established; the French soldiery observed excellent discipline; the shops were DECEMBER 5. re-opened, and the theatres frequented as usual. Such is in most cases the enthusi- 1056. MACBETH, usurper of the Scottish asm of a great city. throne, slain by Macduff, after a reign of 1808. The inquisition abolished by Bo- 17 years. naparte this day. 1492. COLUMBUS discovered the island 1815. CHRISTIAN GODFREY GRUNER, a of Hispaniola, called by the natives Hayti, celebrated German physician, died. He or high country, from its mountains; was one of the most prolific writers on Quesqueya, or the who!e, from its dimenmedical science; having written 50 large sions; and Bohio, or house, from its very works, and as many essays. superior civilization. 1819. Alabama admitted into the union. 1518. JOHN JAMES TRIVULCI, marshal of 1823. SUSAN HUNTINGTON died at Boston; France, died. He was banished from Mian intelligent American authoress, whose lan, his native country, and entered into Life of Wisner has passed through several the service of Charles VIII, under whom additions in Europe and America. he distinguished himself repeatedly in 1826. ABRAHAM ROBERTSON, an eminent battle. English astronomer, died. 1537. An order for the expulsion of all 1829. Abolition of the rite of suttee, or the gypsies from England. immolation of Hindoo widows on the fune- 1560. FRANCIS II, of France, died, aged ralpile of theirhusbands; the British gov- 17, after a reign of 17 months. He had ernment interposed to prevent its continu- lately married Mary, queen of Scots. ance. 1639. HENRY WOTTON, an English states1829. Commencement of a revolution in man and poet, died, leaving many writMexico; Bustamente, the vice-president, ings. issued a proclamation against the govern- 1712. ANNE MARY DE TREMOUILLE URment of Guerero, demanding the resigna- SINS died at Rome, aged 80. She was a tion of his extraordinary powers. woman of great powers of mind, who as 1830. WILLIAM B. GILES,.died at his maid of honor to the queen of Spain, posseat in Amelia county, Virginia. He was sessed so much influence over the court chiefly instrumental in getting up the ce- as to give her the direction of the affairs lebrated resolutions of Virginia, 1798-99, of the nation. and the no less celebrated Virginia report. 1734. PETER TILLEMANS died; a distin1831. General TORRIJOS, with 54 of his guished landscape painter of Antwerp, partisans, taken and executed, at Malaga, who settled in England and enjoyed there in rpain. the patronage of the great. 1836. RICHARD WESTALL, an eminent 1754. Battle of Leuthen, or Lissa; the English artist, died. He was the author Austrians and Saxons under count Daun of a great number of works and designs, defeated by the Prussians under Frederick and well known for his numerous beauti- II, with the loss of 6,000 killed, 21,000 ful illustrations of elegant literature. taken prisoners, 134 cannon, and 4,000 1839. SAMUEL BUTLER, an English pre baggage and ammunition wagons. late, died. He was the author of various 1775. The Americans under Gen. Montpublications, and collected a library valued gomery and Arnold appeared before Queat ~30,000. bec. 1840. JOHN ROBINSON, an English prelate, 1784. PHILLIS PETERS, known to the died, aged 66. He compiled a theological literary world by her miscellaneous writdictionary, and a work on the antiquities ings, died at Boston. She was an African of Greece, ancient and modern history, who acquired the English language, and and some others. made some progress in Latin. 1845. ELISHA BLACKMAN, the last survi- 1784. A violent storm off the coast of vor of the Wyoming massacre, died at his England. which destroyed a vast amount residence, in Hanover, Wyoming valley, of shipping. A British fleet of 150 sail aged 89, and was buried with military went out of Yarmouth road that morning, honors. and was totally dispersed, all the sails 462 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 5. torn in shreds, and a great many of the as the guest of the city of New York, reships foundered, their crews in some in- viewed the troops, which formed a milistances being lost entirely. tary and civic procession in his honor. 1788. Admiral GREIG, a Scottish naval 1853. The steamer Humboldt, of the commander in the service of Russia, was New York and Havre line, run upon a buried at Revel with great honors. rock in attempting to enter the harbor at 1792. JOHANN WOLFGANG THEOPHILUS Halifax, and was lost. MOZART, a celebrated German musician, died. His works will ever rank with those of the greatest masters. DECEMBER 6. 1793. ARMAND GUY SIMON DE KERSAINT, a French count, and naval officer of high 342. St. NICHOLAS, an eminent Grecian merit, beheaded at Paris. bishop, and the patron of children, died. 1793. JOHN PAUL RABAUT DE ST. ETIEN- At the council of Nice he was said to be NE, a French protestant minister, guillo- like a sun among so many stars. tined for his bold and eloquent defence of 884. CARLOMAN, king of France, died. the king. 1139. ALPHONSO I, king of Portugal, 1793. Battle of Martigne; the French died; celebrated for the defeat of five under Danican defeated by the Vendeans. Moorish kings at the battle of Ourique. 1795. JOHN BEWICK died; an English 1216. Hertford, in England, taken by engraver on wood, of great excellence; the French under Louis the dauphin. who with his brother carried the art to a 1352. CLEMENT VI (Peter Roger), pope, state of perfection before unknown. died. He was a doctor of the Paris uni1806. The French under MURAT crossed versity, and is represented by Petrarch as the Vistula and occupied Praga. a worthy, generous and learned prelate; 1808. WILLIAM HAwEs, an English phy- but is differently represented by others. sician and philanthropist, died. He was 1527. Pope CLEMENT VII escaped in the founder of the Royal humane society, disguise from prison,' although, by a treaty for the recovery of persons apparently with the emperor Charles V, he would dead by drowning, strangulation or suffo- have been liberated the following day. cation; an institution which has renewed 1540. Diet of Worms; conference bethe lives of thousands that would other- tween the popish and protestant divines; wise have perished. Melanchton and Eckius maintained the 1813. CHARLES JOHN MARIA DENINA, an principal part of the dispute. Italian historian, died at Paris; the author 1540. THOMAS DAVIDSON, licensed by the of many excellent works. "rycht excellent prince James V, king of 1815. A foot-ball match at Carterhaugh, Scots, to print the new actis and constituEttrick forest, between the Ettrick men tionis of parliament." and the men of Yarrow. One party was 1541. Emperor CHARLES V, obliged by backed by the earl of Home, the other by a storm to relinquish his attempt on Alsir Walter Scott, sheriff of the forest, who giers and return to Europe. wrote two songs for the occasion. 1557. JOHN MACCHABAEUS (or Macalpine) 1819. FREDERICK LEOPOLD STOLBERG. a died. He was a Scotchman, who resided German writer, died. His works consist sometime at Wirtemberg, with Luther and of travels, history, poems, dramas and Melanchton. He was afterwards invited translations. to Copenhagen, where he assisted in trans1835. THOMAS PRINGLE, the first editor lating the Danish Bible. of Blackwood's Magazine, and for many 1648. Colonel PRIDE prevented about years secretary to the London anti-slavery 200 members of parliament from entering society, died at London. the house. This is usually called Pride's 1837. JAMES MARSHMAN, an eminent purg. Y J an Englishman, and learned baptist missionary, died at 16r. HENRY JENKINS, an Englishman, Serampore, aged 70. He was the son of a died at the remarkable age of 169. He poor English weaver, who having received retained his faculties to the last, and was his education, went to India in 1799. He once examined in court on a circumstance published a Chinese grammar, and a trans- that happened 140 years before. As he lation of the entire scriptures. was born before parochial registers were 1838. The' French evacuated the city of kept, no parish would support him, and Vera Cruz. In an engagement between he was obliged to beg for a subsistence. the French and the Mexicans, Santa Anna, 1672. JASPER MAYNE died; an English who commandedtheMexicans, was wound- divine, poet and dramatic writer. ed so as to oblige an amputation of his 1675. JOHN LIGHTFOOT died; an eminent leg. English divine, distinguished as an able 1851. KosSUTH, the Hungarian general, scholar and an eloquent orator. arrived at Staten island, and the next day, 1688. Flight of MARY D'ESTE, queen of Dec. 6.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 463 James II, iof England, with her child, American sculptor, died at Somerville, afterwards the pretender. Mass., aged 47. He spent most of his life 1711. JANE SCHRIMSHAW died in Rose- in Italy in the pursuit of his art, where mary hospital, near London tower, aged he produced his colossal statue of Wash127.. ington, and other works which stamp his 1718. NICHOLAS ROWE died; an eminent fame. English poet and dramatic writer. 1855. ANSELM ROTHSCHILD died at Frank1726. FLORENCE CARTON D'ANCOURT, an fort, Germany; the founder of the great eminent French actor and dramatic writer, financial house of the Rothschilds. died. He was the author of 32 plays. 1734. ABIGAIL MASHAM, the favorite of queen Anne, died; noted in the history DECEMBER 7. of the time for her political intrigues. 1776. The capture of Rhode Island by 424 B. C. The accession of Darius II the British under Gen. Clinton and sir (Nothus). This is also the date of the batPeter Parker. " It is called the Eden of tles of Delium and Amphipolis, where.America," says an English work, "and Xenophon and Thucydides were present, celebrated (very naturally) for the beauty and of the occupation of Cytheria by the of its women." Athenians. 1787. LA PEROUSE reached the Navigat- 43 B. C. MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO, the or's islands, in Polynesia. celebrated Roman orator, statesman and 1790. Kentucky was erected into an in- philosopher, assassinated at his villa, by dependent state. Popilius, at the instigation of Antony. 1798. Turin and Piedmont relinquished 983. Otho II (the Bloody), emperor of to the French by the king of Sardinia. Germany, poisoned. 1806. Thorn, in Prussia, taken by the 1154. Landing of Henry II in England French under marshal Ney, after a slight from France. resistance.. 1229. The boy bishop said vespers before 1812. Boston privateer brig Montgomery, Edward I at Heton near Now Castle upon of 18 guns, captured British ship Suri- Tyne. On Childermas -the scholars of St. nam, 20 guns. Paul's and other schools were enjoined to 1815. A magazine at Dantzic containing hear the " Chylde Bishop's sermon." 6,000 pounds of powder, with filled bombs 1542. MARY STUART, sole daughter and and shells, blew up, destroying 700 houses heir to king James V, born. and killing upwards of 600 persons. 1626. JOHN DAVIES, an eminent English 1834. EDWARD IRVING, a celebrated and lawyer and poet, died. His works on eccentric Scottish-preacher, died. He was legal subjects are numerous and valuable. minister of the Caledonian church in Lon- 1641.. RALPI BROWNRIG, bishop of Exedon, and, by the force and eloquence of ter, died. He had the hardihood boldly his discourses, attracted large congrega- to advise Cromwell to restore Charles II to tions; the greatest orators and statesmen, his throne. the wealthy and fashionable hurried to 1657. CROMWELL sent an agent to the hear him. But he became finally subject duke of Savoy to negotiate respecting his to the wildest vagaries, in respect to the protestant subjects. unknown tongues, and was ejected from his 1666. Ten of the Scottish covenanters place. executed at Edinburgh. 1835. NATHAN SMITH, an eminent lawyer 1672. RICHARD BELLINGHAM, governor of of Connecticut, died at Washington. He Massachusetts, died. He had exercised was several years United States attorney the oflices of governor or deputy for 23 for Connecticut, and senator in congress, years. and was respected for his integrity and 1683. ALGERNON SIDNEY, an English ability. patriot and political writer, beheaded at 1843. JOHN M. TAYLOR, commissary- the age of 66. general of the American army under Gen. 1721. BERNARD ALBINUS, a celebrated Montgomery at Quebec, 1775, died at Phi- German physician, died. He was profesladelphia, aged 92. sor at Frankfort and Leyden. 1844. NATHAN ROGERS, an artist of merit 1741. Revolution in Russia. and reputation, died, aged 57. He was a 1776. British under Cornwallis marched member of the national academy of de- to Princeton. sign, and lent his aid to institutions of 1787. The deputies of the Delaware morals and charity. state convention signed the constitution of 1848. The king of Prussia dissolved his the United States, which they had agreed assembly and promulgated a new consti- by vote to adopt the day previous. She tution. was the first state that ratified the instru1852. HORATIO GREENOUGH, an eminent ment. 464 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 7. 1796. WASHINGTON met both houses of perfidy in allowing Huss and Jerome of congress for the last time as president of Prague to be burnt, after giving them a the United States. passport of safety, armed against him the 1799. Battle of Sediman, in Egypt; the bravest of his subjects, and led to a civil French under Dessaix defeated 3,000 Ma- discord and bloodshed of sixteen years' melukes and 10,000 Arabs'under Murad duration. Bey. 1493. Isabella, the first European town 1805. Action off cape St. Mary between in America, founded by Columbus. All the British ship Polyphemus, 64 guns, and his men, provisions and utensils, were Spanish ships Santa Gertruyda, with twelve landed on a plain near a rock, on the hundred thousand dollars on board, and island of Navidad, in the West Indies, and El Felix, valued at nearly one million, a fort erected. The town was named in both of which were captured. honor of the Spanish queen, to whom the 1812. BONAPARTE in disguise with Cau- great navigator was much indebted. lincourt arrived at Wilna in a sledge. 1612. Great earthquake at Munster. 1815. MICHAEL NEY, a French marshal, 1643. JOHN PYM died; a celebrated Engshot. His career under Bonaparte was lish republican, distinguished for his virudistinguished during ten years, by great lence against Charles I. military skill and daring bravery. On the 1660. First time of the appearance of a second restoration of the Bourbons he was female on the public stage; the character condemned to death. was Desdemona. 1822. JOHN AIKIN, an English surgeon, 1661. An order of both houses of pardied; better known as a writer of great liament was passed for hanging the carerudition. He edited the first twenty vol- casses of Oliver Cromwell, John Bradshaw, umes of the Monthly Magazine, the A.the- Henry Ireton and Thomas Pride upon the nceum, various editions of the poets, and gallows at Tyburn, and then burying them was one of the writers of the General Bio- under the gallows. graphical Dictionary in 10 vols. quarto. 1677. NICHOLAS JAVILLON, an eminent 1832. VICTOR JACQUEMONT, a distin- French ecclesiastic, made bishop of Alet guished French naturalist, died at Bom- by Richelieu, and afterwards deposed, died bay, aged 32. in exile. 1835. The rail road from Nuremberg to 1691. RICHARD BAXTER, a celebrated Furth, the first rail road in Germany, English nonconformist divine, died. He opened, and the journey made in 15 min- wrote a vast number of books; his pracutes. The monumental stone has the in- tical works were collected in 4 vols. folio. scription: " Germany's first iron rail road, 1695. BARTHOLOMEW D'HERBELOT, a with steam power, 1835." French orientalist, died. He wrote a Uni1842. THOMAS HAMILTON, the author of versal Dictionary, " containing whatever Cyril Thornton, a contributor to Blackwood's relates to the knowledge of the eastern Magazine, &c., died at Pisa, in Italy. world." 1853. A statue inaugurated to marshal 1709. THOMAS CORNEILLE, a French draNey at Paris, on the place where he was matist, died. He wrote 42 dramatic pieces, shot on this day of the month, in 1815. which were received with greater applause than those of his brother Peter, but have been lost and forgotten. DECEMBER 8. 1741. VITUS BEHRING, a Danish navigator, died. He was a commodore in the 1275. Meeting of Stationarii, or book- Russian service, and was employed in exsellers, at London. For a quarter of a ploring some of the northern coasts of century previous to this time, booksellers America, where he died, after.having made not unfrequently kept school in their some important discoveries, among which porches. The portal at the north end of was the strait that bears his name. the cathedral in Rouen is still called Le 1745. JOHN ROQUE, a French traveler, Portail des Libraires, the porch of the book- died at Paris. He published an account sellers. of his travels in Arabia Felix, Palestine 1315. Battle of Morgarten, or iEgeri, in and Syria. Switzerland; the Austrian army of 20,(!00 1746. CHARLES RATCLIFFE, earl of Derunder the archduke'Leopold, defeated by wentwater, executed at Towerhill, London. 1,600 mountaineers in the pass between He had resided 30 years in France. the mountain and the lake. 1751. LOUIsA, youngest daughter of 1437. SIGISMUND, emperor of Germany, George II, queen of Denmark, died. died. He volunteered his assistance to 1775. A number of American whaletranquilize the church, and proposed the boats under captain Manly captured three famous council, which consisted of 14,000 Brltish ships with various stores intended ecclesiastics and 16,000 noblemen. His for the army. Dec. 8.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 465 1776. WASHINGTON retreated across the days, so that "both foot and horse crossed Delaware. The British, on the same day, the Thames." In that year all the preblocked up commodore Hopkins' squadron lates in council were shut up by king Steand a number of privateers at Providence. phen for refusing to crown his son; more 1792. HENRY LAURENS, a patriot of remarkable for the appearance of Gratian's South Carolina, died. He was distin- twenty-four years' labor, the Decretals. guished for talent and activity, and suc- 1165. MALCOLM. IV, king of Scots, died ceeded Hancock as president of congress. of a lingering disease, at Jedburgh, after a He was captured by the British on a mis- short reign. His subjects were rebellious, sion to Holland, and confined a long time but by his vigor he overcame them all. in the tower of London. At his death he 1565. Pius IV (John.Angelo de Medicis) left a property of about $250,000 to his died. He was not of the Florence family, son, on condition that he should burn his but brother of the famous marquis de body on the third day after his death. Marignan, and distinguished as an amrbas1803. HIPPOLYTUS THEODOROVITCH BOG- sador. He evinced his zeal for the church by DANOV1TCH, a Russian poet, died. His his enemity against the Turks and heretics. poem of Dushenka procured him the favor 1641. ANTHONY VANDYCK, the celebrated of the queen and the whole nation. It is Dutch painter, died. He was a pupil of founded on the mythological story of Rubens, and excelled his master in deliPsyche, but so unlike any thing that had cacy of coloring. His pictures preserve preceded it in that language that he imme- in high perfection the dress and costume diately became the favorite of all classes. of the times. 1806. ANDREW DALSELL, professor of 1669. CLEMENT IX (Julius Rospigliosi) Greek at Edinburgh, died; an amiable died of grief, at the loss of Candia, which and a learned man. was taken by the Turks. His reign was 1821. EBENEZER COBB died at Kingston, disturbed by the schisms of the Jansenists. Mass., aged 107. He was the cotemporary 1674. EDWARD HYDE, lord of Clarendon, for ten years of Peregrine White, the first died at Rouen. in France, in exile. His born child of English parents in America. name is immortalized by the History of the His mode of living was extremely simple, Rebellion, a splendid monument of his having tasted tea but twice in his life. He genius and impartiality, which he finished shrewdly remarked, a short time before in exile. his death, that it was very unusual for 1680. Comet seen at Albany. persons of his age to die. 1683. JOHN OLDHAM, an eminent Eng1847. The United States brig-of-war lish poet, died of small pox. His genius Somers thrown on her beam ends by a lay chiefly in satire. squall near Vera Cruz, and 2 officers with 1694. PAUL SIGNERI died at Rome; a 39 out of 76 of her crew drowned. The theological writer, and a popular preacher French and Spanish men-of-war lying at and active missionary of the Jesuits. Sacrificios rendered much assistance and 1702. HAAGEN SWENSDEN executed for received the thanks of congress. stealing and marrying Mrs. Pleasant Raw1848. The first deposit of Califqrnia lins, an heiress. gold made in the United States mint by 1708. JOHN HIGGINSON died; the first David Carter. minister of Salem, Mass. 1851. Battle of Longomilla, between the 1788. JONATHAIN SHIPLEY, bishop of St. government troops of Chili under general Asaph, died. He was a distinguished Bulnes, late president, and the rebels un- prelate and eminent among his episcopal der general Cruz, who was defeated and brethren for his firm and determinate op. his troops dispersed. position to the American war. 1854. The immaculate conception of the 1798. JOHN REINHOLD FORSTER, an emiVirgin Mary proclaimed by the pope, in nent English writer on natural history and St. Peter's church, Rome, as a dogma of philosophy, died at Halle, in Germany. the catholic faith. He accompanied Cook in his second voyage round the world. 1804. The British under admiral PopDECEMBER 9. HAM attacked fort Rouge at the entrance of Calais harbor with explosion vessels. 493 B. c. MENENIUS AGRIPPA met the 1808. The Chinese interdicted the Engplebeian seceders, encamped on the Mons lish from trading until their soldiery were Sacer, near Rome, and delivered to them drawn from Macao. there the memorable apologue of the belly 1808. The British rejected the French and the members. and Russian proposals for peace. 1150. A great frost in England mention- 1811. Americans under general Harrison ed by Matthew Paris, began on this day left the battle ground at Tippecanoe, on and continued about two months and ten their return to the United States. 59 466 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 9. 1813. Battle on the Nieve, near Bayon- creek, near Erie, Pa., turned out in large ne; the British under general Hope at- numbers, tore up the rail road track, burnt tack3d the French under Soult, without the ties and bridges over the culvert, and obtaining any decisive advantage. plowed down the track to its former level. 1814. JOSEPH BRAMAH, a very ingenious 1854. The king of the Sandwich islandsEnglish engineer and mechanist, died. to prevent the overthrow of his govern1815. The exiled emperor NAPOLEON, ment by lawless violence, accepted the aid took possession of the villa of Longwood. of the naval forces of the United States, This year, at its dawn, found him sove- Great Britain and France. reign of the little island of Elba; ere the 1856. FATHER MATTHEW, called the vernal equinox he was again emperor of apostle of temperance, died at Cork, IreFrance; before the summer solstice he land, aged 66. He devoted himself in was finally defeated at Waterloo; the early life to the regeneration of his counyear closed over him a solitary exile. trvmen among the poorer classes who had 1816. The bank of England commenced fallen under the tyranny of strong drink. paying specie on one and two pound notes dated prior to 1812. 1824. Battle of Ayacucho, in Peru, be- DECEMBER 10. tween the royalists under La Serna, 9,310, and the patriots, 5,780, under Sucre, which 590 B. c. The tenth day of the month terminated in the total defeat of the for- Thanet was observed as a fast in memory mer, who lost 1800 killed, and their gene- of the investment of Jerusalem by Ne. ral taken prisoner. Loss of the patriots, buchadnezzar. Zechariah promised the 370 killed. This victory accomplished extinction of this day of grief, in joy and the delivery of Peru from the Spaniards. feasting, upon the restoration of the house 1824. JOSE LA SERNA, viceroy of Peru, of Judah, B. c. 518. wounded and taken prisoner at the battle 493 B. c. The immortal day when triof Ayacucho, which put an end to his bunes for the Roman people were first authority in that state. He commenced chosen; the anniversary also of their auhis career in the artillery, and served at thority afterwards. Saragossa under the celebrated Palafox. 270 B. c. EPICURUS, the Athenian philoHis skill in the art of war did not avail sopher, died on the 10th day of Gamelion, him against the determined bravery of the having three days before observed his 71st revolutionists. anniversary. He taught a rational philo1831. Disturbances in Ireland; the sol- sophy and with his disciples lived condiers fired upon a mob of 2000 Irish; formably to the rules of wisdom and fruwhereupon the mob rushed upon the gality, although his name is unjustly soldiery and killed 19 out of 34. associated with folly and feasting. His 1831. IBRAHIM PASHA completely de- academy was the best regulated society feated before St. Jean d'Acre. that had ever been seen. 1833. JOHN JEBB, bishop of Limerick, 536. Rome opened her gates to Belisadied. He was an accomplished author, a riust the garrison departed without molearned theologian, and an amiable man. lestation along the Flaminian way, and the His publications, though not numerous, city, after sixty years of servitude, was were of high merit. delivered from the yoke of the barbarians. 1835. President's message reached Bos- Leutherius, the Gothic chief, was sent to ton in 26 hours and 50 minutes from bear the keys of the city to his imperial Washington. It was formerly announced master. as an instance of extraordinary speed 1282. LLEWELLYN AP GRUFYDD, a Welsh that the message reached Boston in 64 prince, killed. He heroically resisted the hours. In i841 the message reached New invasion of Edward I of England; but York in 8 hours 53 minutes, and probably fell, and the liberty of his country perwas in Boston within another 8 hours. Dr. ished with him after an independence of Franklin once expressed an opinion that 800 years. the time would come when the mail might 1506. Bologna captured by pope Julius be conveyed from Philadelphia to Boston I, who entered in triumph. in a fortnight, and perhaps in a week. The 1508. The league of Cambray formed regular time is now 24 hours. against the Venitian power. The pope, 1842. SAMUEL WOODWORTH, well known the emperor of Germany, and the kings of as an American poet, died in New York. France and Spain, were the parties to it. He was the author of the popular song, 1520. LUTHER destroyed the papal bull the Old Oaken Bucket. against himself, with the works of the 1850. BEM, the Hungarian general, died anti reformers, in a public fire behind the at Aleppo. walls of Wittemberg. 1853. The men and women of Harbor 1548. Battle of Pinckney field, near Dec. 10.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 467 Musselburgh, in which 13,000 of the Scots fulness unaided by opulence or family were slain. connexions. 1577. On Sanctobertis eve a great num- 1809. Gerona in Spain surrendered to her of persons paraded the streets of Perth the French after a siege of six months. in disguise. One clad in the devil's coat; 1813. French under SOULT enceavored the horse of another walked in men's to force the British under Wellington to shoes. repass the Nieve but were repulsed. 1586. ELIZABETH signed the warrant for 1813. The United States troops under the execution of Mary. general McClure burnt Newark adjoining 1626. EDMUnD GUNTER, an English fort George, destroyed that fort, removed mathematician and astronomer, died. He the public stores, and retired to the south distinguished himself by many important side of the Niagara river. improvementsin mathematicalinstruments 1817. Mississippi admitted into the confor the use of navigation, &c. federacy. 1672. A monthly post established from 1833. The house of assembly in Jamaica New York to Boston. passed a bill for the abolition of slavery. 1674. JOHN VAUGHAN, an eminent Eng- 1834. ALEXANDER CHALMERS died; one lish law reporter, died; "more admired of the most eminent biographers that for his talents than loved for his courteous Great Britain has produced. He commanners." menced a laborious literary life in London 1681. The British factor, captain DREW, and no man, it is said, ever edited so arrived at Chester, on the river Delaware, many books for the booksellers. He pubfrom England, with settlers for Pennsyl- lished a General Biographical Dictionary in vania; they remained there all winter, the 32 volumes. river having frozen over that night. She 1835. The fortress of San Antonio surwas one of the three ships that left Eng- rendered by the Mexicans to the Texans land with the first settlers. One of them, under colonel Milan; the captors found the Amity, arrived before her; the third 1900 rounds of powder and ball, 24 pieces was blown off the coast to the West Indies, of cannon, and a large amount of military and did not arrive until the next spring. stores, &c. 1688. JAMES IV deserted the English 1836. A decree of the queen of Portuthrone, embarked for France, and ordered gal published, abolishing the slave trade his army to be disbanded. in the Portuguese dominions. 1697. The peace of Ryswick, which had 1842. PLEASANT HENDERSON, a soldier been signed in September, proclaimed in of the revolution from North Carolina, Boston, and the colonies had repose from died in Tennessee. He was a companion war. Some of the Indians continued of Daniel Boone in many of his wandertheir hostilities, but finding themselves ings and was for more than thirty years a unsupported by the French, they took clerk of the North Carolina house of commeasures for peace. mons. 1697. The population of New France, 1842. ROWLAND HILL, viscount Hill, the exclusive of Acadie, was 8,515, and could well known coadjutor of the duke of arm about 1,000 men. Wellington in the peninsula campaigns, 1747. DUNCAN FORBES, an eminent Scot- died in his 70th year, near Shrewsbury, tish lawyer, died. He wrote chiefly on England. theological subjects. 1845. JESSE D. ELLIOT, an American 1757. Breslau retaken from the Aus- commodore, died at Philadelphia, aged 62. trians by Frederick II of Prussia. The He contributed much to Perry's success on Austrians lost 13 generals and 18,000 men lake Erie. prisoners. 1846. JAMES GRIERSON died at Masha1'1768. The royal academy of London rene, New Brunswick, aged 105. He was instituted. one of the loyalists that left the United 1792. JOHN JOSEPH SUE died; professor States during the revolution. of anatomy at Paris, and a writer on ana- 1848. LoUIs NAPOLEON elected president tomy and surgery. of the French; 5,534,520 voting for him. 1801. JONATHAN BATTISHILL, an eminent 1852. WILLIAM EMPSON, professor of law English musical composer, died. " To a in the East India college at Hoxley, Engprofound knowledge he added great taste land, died, aged 62. He was editor of the and a fine imagination." Edinburgh Review. 1804. New York historical society in- 1855. The emperor FAUSTIN I left Portstituted. au-Prince with 30,000 men to subjugate 1807. Kingdom of Etruria dissolved and the Dominican republic; his forces were annexed to France. completely routed and dispersed. 1808. JAMES SULLIVAN, governor of Massachusetts, died. He rose to great use 468 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 11. DECEMBER 11. a soldier, as he was distributing pay to about 300 in the court yard of his palace. 361. JULIAN, the new emperor, made his The assassin seated himself in the chair of triumphial entry into the eastern capital, state, and was taking measures to secure having traversed with victory the whole his power, when he was shot with a carcontinent of Europe, from the Atlantic. bine. 1282. MICHAEL VIII (Palkologus), emper- 1756. THEODORE NEWHOFF, king of Coror of Rome, died. He was regent of the sica, died in England, where he had been eastern empire, and took advantage of his long confined in prison for debt. situation to assume the supreme power. 1758. The old castle of the Douglasses, He retook Constantinople, which had been so famed in Scottish history, was accident58 years under the power of the French, ally burned to the ground. and labored to reconcile the eastern and 1794. Assault on the works of Nijmegen, western churches. a strong city of Holland; general Bushe, of 1595. PHILIPPE DE CROI, duke of Aar- the allies, was killed by an 81b. cannon schot, died; a Flemish nobleman and gen- ball. eral, who, in an attempt to free his country 1794. Battle of Roussilon; the Spaniards of Spanish dictation, was unsuccessful, and Portuguese defeated the French, killed and exiled. 800, took 600 prisoners, and 50 cannon. 1620. The Plymouth adventurers, hav- 1806. Saxony erected into a kingdom, ing sounded the harbor, and found it fit under Frederick Augustus, by the treaty for shipping, went ashore and explored the of Posen, between Bonaparte and the electadjacent land, where they saw cornfields or. and brooks; and judging the situation to 1807. The Dutch fleet burnt at Greisse, be convenient for a settlement, they return- in Java, by the British squadron, under ed with the welcome intelligence to the sir Edward Pellew. ship. 1812. Wilna entered by the Russians, 1652. DIONYSIUS PETAVIUS died; a French where they found vast magazines, 30 canJesuit of great erudition, and an author. non, upwards of 5,000 in the hospitals, in1657. Writs issued by Cromwell to sixty cluding some distinguished officers, and individuals, to meet at Westminister, and took about 10,000 prisoners. compose a house of lords. 1813. The French, under SOULT, again 1697. JOACHIM KUHNIUS, a learned Po- repulsed in an attempt to force the British meranian, died. He was principal of the under lord Wellington to repass the Nieve. college of Octigen, and acquired great cel- 1816. Indiana admitted as a new state ebrity by his publications. into the Union of the United States. 1699. The king of Sweden defeated the 1828. BERANGER was sentenced by the Muscovites at Narva. French court of correctional police, to pay 1704. ROGER L'ESTRANGE, an English 10,000 francs ($1:800) fine, and to undergentleman and scholar, died. He was un- go nine months' imprisonment, for having successful in his enterprises in favor of attacked the dignity of the church, and of Charles I; but on the restoration he re- the king, in his poems. turned to England, and printed the first regular English newspaper, 1663, under the title of the Public Intelligencer. He was the DECEMBER 12. author of some political tracts, and translations from different languages. 1656 A. M. The rain of the deluge hav1714. GEORGE I, and his cabinet, issued ing ceased to fall, having continued 40 an order forbidding the clergy to meddle days, from the 17th of the 2d month, anin their sermons with the affairs of state. swering to our 2d Nov., q. v. 1718. CHARLES XII, of Sweden, killed; 404 B. c. DARIUS II (Nothus), king of supposed to have been struck by a cannon Persia, died, after a reign of nineteen years, ball in the trenches, at Frederickshall; a and was succeeded by Artaxerxes Mnemon, fortress which he was then besieging near his son. Cyrus, the younder, another of the bay of Denmark. his sons, carried on several successful wars 1747. EDMUND CURL died; one of the during the reign of Darius. characters mentioned in Pope's Dunciad. 1271. RICHARD, king of the Romans, His character for morality was not without died, at Berkhamstead, England. blemish, and he was highly injurious to 1600. JOHN CRAIG, a Scottish ecclesiastic, the literary world, in his profession of book died. He was at first a Dominican, and maker and seller, by his piracies and for- by his talents recommended himself to geries. He lost his ears in the pillory, by cardinal Pole. But, becoming a heretic, sentence of the law, for issuing obscene narrowly escaped been burnt. He afterpublications. wards became the coadjutor of Knox, the 1753. The dey of Algiers assassinated by great reformer. Dec. 12.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 469 1611. THOMAS SUTTON, a rich English chantmen, 20 were captured, having on bachelor, died. He was the founder of board 1,100 troops, and about 600 seamen, the Charter house. besides valuable cargoes of military stores, 1630. DAVID PIETERSZEN DE VRIES, cannon, &c. who had associated himself with Samuel 1782. Action between British ship MediGodyn, Kilian Van Rensselaer, Samuel ator, and American ship Alexander, 24 Bloemart, and Jan de Laet, sailed from guns, captain Gregory, and French ship Texel for the South (Delaware) river, in- Menagerie, 212 men, laden with powder, tending to plant a colony there. Godyn naval stores, &c. The two latter were capbeing informed that whales were plenty in tured without any loss on the part of the those regions, and fish oil being 60 guilders British. the hogshead, the vessel was laden with 1783. JOHN SCOTT died; an English utensils for fishing, and planters and cattle quaker poet, called the poet of Arnwell. the the colony. 1787. Pennsylvania (the second state), 1653. OLIVER CROMWELL declared lord ratified the constitution of the United protector of England for life, and the same States, without amendments. day dissolved the convention called Bare- 1789. RICHARD ALTON, an Austrian genbones's parliament, by the corporal of the eral, died. He commanded in the Low guard and a file of soldiers. countries, in 1787, and though a strict 1671. VoPIscus FORTUNATUS POLEMPIUS, disciplinarian and a man of bravery, bea Dutch physician and professor at Lou- trayedso much weakness during the insurvain, died, leaving several valuable works. rection in Brabant, that he was sent for to 1676. WILLIAM MORICE, a learned Eng- answer charges, and died on the journey. lishman, died; secretary of state under 1793. Battle of Mans; the royalists of La Charles 1I. Vendee defeated with great slaughter by 1680. The extraordinary comet of this the French under Marceau. year observed throughout Britain. 1804. JOHN BOYDELL died; a most dis1685. JOHN PELL died; an English di- tinguished encourager of the arts of paintvine, and very eminent mathematician. ing and engraving, in England. 1688. JAMES II, of England, made his 1809. Action at night between British escape from London. sloop Trincomale, and French privateer 1731. JOHN HORSLEY died; author of a Iphigene. The sloop was blown up and all very learned and excellent work entitled on board but two perished; the privateer Britannia Romana; being an ample ac- had her side stove in and her masts forced count of the vestiges of the Romans in out by the shock, and lost 115 men. Britain. 1822. Napoli di Romania, the ancient 1733. The bills of mortality in London Nauplia, surrendered to the Greeks, after this year, showed the death of 14,372 a long and tedious blockade, during which males, and 14,861 females. the Turkish garrison was reduced to feed 1753. An act passed the provincial as- on the corpses of their companions. The sembly, of New York, that mortgages crescent had been flying on the fortress unshould be subjected to public registry for interruptedly since 1714, at which time it the prevention of frauds. But this act, was treacherously given up to the Couthough a useful one, did not reach all the mourgi, and made the seat of the Turkish mischiefs intended to be prevented. government for the Morea. 1757. COLLEY CIBBER, poet laureate to 1830. BENJAMIN CONSTANT, a distinguishGeorge II, died. He was also a very noted ed French author, and one of the greatest comedian. He wrote a curious apology orators of his day, was honored with a for his life. magnificent funeral. 1764. JOHN OTXO TABOR died at Frank- 1834. The Carlists, of Spain, under Gen. fort. He was a native of Lusatia, became Eraso, defeated at Soraida, by the troops counselor to the landgrave of Hesse Darm- of the queen, under general Mina. stadt, and wrote several works on law. 1834. The government of Greece trans1776. The neighborhood of Philadelphia ferred from Napoli to Athens. having became the seat of war, congress 1836. JOHN DAVIDSON, an English traveladjourned to Baltimore. er, murdered by the El Hareb tribe of 1777. ALBERT HALLER, an eminent Swiss Africans, on his way to Tombuctoo. He physician, died. He was a voluminous commenced traveling in 1826, and had writer, and one of the most acute, various visited North and South America, India, and original men that have appeared since Egypt, as far as the second cataract, Syria, Boerhaave. Palestine, Turkey, Greece, Italy, France 1781. Action between the British fleet, and Germany, and had proceeded to within 12 sail, under Kempenfelt, and a French 25 days' journey of the city of Tombuctoo. convoy, protected by 19 heavy ships of He was conversant with the different lanthe line, and 2 armed en flute. Of the mer- guages of the east, and possessed extraor 470 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 12. dinary enterprise and great accomplish- 1542. JAMES V, of Scotland, died. He ments as a traveler. assumed the government at the age of 17, 1838. CHARLES PHILIP VWREDE, a Bavari- and was admired for his virtues. an field-marshal, died. He distinguished 1542. An act passed permitting those himself under Bonaparte, in the war against deemed the better sort to read the Bible in Austria, and was severely wounded at the England. battle of Wagram. In the celebrated Rus- 1545. The great council of Trent opened. sian campaign he commanded, with great 1565. CONRAD GESNER, a Swiss botanist, credit, the Bavarian contingent army. died. It has been said that botany owes 1840. J. D. E. ESQUIROL, who so success- to him its very existence as a science. fully introduced a new mode of treating 1577. DRAKE sailed from, Plymouth, the insane, died. England, in the Golden Hind, on his voy1842. ELKANAH WATSON, a great friend age round the world, which he was the of and writer on internal improvements, second navigator that accomplished. died at port Kent, Essex county, N. Y., 1621. ROBERT CUSHMAN having visited aged 86. the colony of Plymouth with supplies, 1847. JAMES KENT, SO long distinguished took in a cargo of beaver skins and clapas an American jurist and philanthropist, boards, the first export from New England, died at New York, aged 84. which was valued at ~500. The vessel 1849. ISAMBARD BRUNEL, the celebrated was captured and carried into France. engineer of the Thames tunnel, died at 1642. New Zealand discovered by TasLondon. man..1856. HERMAN E. LUDEWIaG, a Saxon 1648. In order to enforce an ordinance scholar, died in Brooklyn, N. Y., aged 47. of Cromwell, Capt. Bethan was appointed He is known by his Literature of.dmerican provost marshal, " with power to seize Local History. upon all ballad singers, and to suppress stage plays." 1702. The motto semper eadem first atDECEMBER 13. tached to the arms of England. 1721. Several alterations made in the 405. B. c. Battle of ZEgospotami. This form of the affirmation of. the English celebrated Spartan victory of Lysander quakers. About 20 years previous to this over a vast Athenian fleet, happily closed their affirmation was accepted instead of the 27 years' war in the Peloponesus. Co- their oath. non fled to Cyprus, and the admiral took 1729. ANTHONY COLLINS died; an Engpossession of Athens in the following lish polemical writer, whose numerous spring. works were warmly attacked by the ortho126. B. C. A league of friendship refer- dox writers of the day. red to the Roman senate assembled in the 1737. JOHN STRYPE died, aged 94; an temple of Concord, on behalf of the Jews, English divine, industrious as a historian who had sent three ambassadors with a and biographer. shield of gold as a mark of confederacy. 1738. PHILIP FROWDE died; a writer of 1250. FREDERICK II, emperor of Ger- English and Latin poetry, and of tragedy. many, died. He was successful in his 1754. MAHOMET V, emperor of Turkey, wars against the Saracens, but was forced died. He was more eminent for his pacito return to wage war with the pope, whom fic disposition than for his military exhe also conquered. He was deposed, how- ploits. ever, in 1245 by Innocent IV. 1759. At Leipsic the cold was so intense 1254. INNOCENT IV (Sinibaldi de Fiesque) that ten sentinels were frozen to death. died. He was early engaged in a quarrel 1769. CHRISTIAN FURCHTEGOTT GELLERT, with Frederick of Germany, whom he ex- a German comic poet, died. communicated and deposed. He was the 1775. Congress first determined to build first who invested the cardinals with a red a navy, to consist of 5 frigates of 32 guns, hat as a mark of dignity. 5 of 28 guns, and 3 of 24 guns. 1502. A water spout at Porto Bello 1776. American Gen. LEE surprised and greatly alarmed the Spaniards. Ferdinand made prisoner by a British patrole in New Columbus says " if they had not dissolved Jersey. it by saying the gospel of St. John, it had 1783. PETER WARGENTIN died; a learncertainly sunk whatsoever it fell upon." ed Swede, who published tables for com1521. EMANUEL (the Great), king of Por- puting the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites. tugal, died. He distinguished himself by 1784. SAMUEL JOHNSON, the English lexthe liberal manner in which he patronized icographer, died; a writerof great eminence commercial enterprises, by which the cape and celebrity. of Good Hope was rounded, and Brazil 1788. CHARLES III, king of Spain, died. visited. His policy was censured for endangering Dec. 13.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 471 the Spanish empire in America by support- martyr of the reformation, hung alive in ing the independence of the British colo- chains and burnt to death. nies. 1622. VALENTINE SMALCIUS, a celebrated 1788. DAVID MACBRIDE, an Irish physi- Socinian writer, died at Cracow. cian of great celebrity, died. His Theory 1624. CHARLES HOWARD, an intrepid and Practice of Medicine was formerly in English admiral, died. He commanded great request. the English fleet at the defeat of the Span1797. LEWIS LE GENDRE, a prominent ish armada. actor in the French revolution, died. He 1681. FRANCIS VAVASSEUR, a French proposed in the Jacobin club that the Jesuit, died; distinguished as a teacher body of the king should be cut into 84 of rhetoric and belles lettres at Paris, and pieces, and one sent to each of the depart- as a lecturer on the scriptures. ments. 1704. JOSEPH DUCHE DE VANCY died; 1803. FRANCIS LEWIS, one of the signers, a French poet, author of several scripture died, aged 90. He was a merchant of New tragedies. York, had visited Russia, and was employed 1710. HENRY ALDRICH died; an eminent in the importation of military stores, and English scholar, divine, architect and other secret services. musician. 1809. Desperate action between British 1713. THOMAS RYMER, a famous English frigate Junon, 40 guns, Capt. Shortland, antiquary, died. and three French frigates of 88 guns in all. 1715. THOMAS TENISON, archbishop of The Junon was captured, after losing 90 Canterbury, died; a celebrated polemical men killed and wounded; among the lat- writer against popery. ter was the captain, who received several 1716. WILLIAM TRUMBULL died; an Engshots before surrendering. His vessel was lish statesman, ambassador to France and so much shattered that the French burnt afterwards secretary of state. her the next day. 1735. THOMAS TANNER, a learned English 1811. A dog which hadbeenaccidentally antiquary, died, leaving behind him a shut into a house in Albany, on the 1st valuable work, upon which he had been day of November, was taken out alive on employed 40 years. this day, after a fast of 42 days, and reco- 1759. Prof. BRAUN ascertained the convered. gelation of quicksilver. 1813. Battle near Bayonne, between the 1769. SAMUEL KNEELAND, an eminent French under Soult, and the allies under Boston printer, died. He published the Wellington, in which the former were de- first edition of the Bible in America, which feated and driven into the city with the was in 4to, with a London imprint, to loss of 6,500 men. British loss about half evade the patent which was held by Engthe number. lish and Scottish publishers, curm privilegio. 1814. CHARLES JOSEPH, prince De Ligne, 1774. The citizens of New Hampshire an Austrian field marshal, died. He was attacked and carried the king's castle, and born at Bruxelles, 1735, and devoted his removed the powder. early years to science and learning. His 1775. Gen. HOWE ordered the old North writings were numerous, of which 30 vols. Meeting and 100 other wooden houses, to have been published. be taken down in Boston and used for 1850. The steam boat Anglo Norman, fire wood. while on a pleasure trip for the day, at 1775. British lord DUNMORE defeated by New Orleans, exploded both boilers, and the Americans at Norfolk, Va. nearly a hundred persons were either 1776. British overran New Jersey. killed or wounded. 1780. IGNATIUS SANCHO, an African au1854. A Russian decree ordered an ad- thor, died at London, aged 51. He was ditional levy of ten men in every thousand, born on board of a slave ship. His Letters in the eastern half of the Russian empire, possess great originality. (15?) Jews not excepted. 1781. Gen. GREENE informed the board of war that he had been unable to advance on the British for ten days for want of DECEMBER 14. ammunition; that he had not paper with which to make returns, no camp kettles, 402. ANASTASIUS I, pope, died. He re- &c.; that he lay within a few miles of the conciled the eastern and western churches, enemy and had not six rounds per man; and was much respected for his sanctity that he had been seven months in the and virtue. field without taking off his clothes one 628. Pilgrimage of the emperor HERA- night. CLIUS at Jerusalem. 1782. British under Gen. LESLIE evacu1417. JoHN OLDCASTLE, " the good lord ated Charleston, S. C., and embarked unCobham," the first author and an early der cover of the king's ship Caroline. The 472 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 14. Americans under Gen. Wayne took imme- 1829. Commencement of a civil war in diate possession of it. Chili, by an action between the armies of 1785. JOHN BAPTIST CYPRIANI, a famous Luctra and Pietro, in which the latter were Italian painter, died. He settled in Eng- defeated. land, but his numerous pieces were spread 1843. CHARLES GOLDSBOROUGH, author over Europe by the graver of Bartolozzi. of the naval history of the United States, 1789. CALEB ELLIOTT died of starvation. died at Washington, D. C., where he was He was a visionary enthusiast who ima- engaged in the navy department. gined that he was called upon to fast 40 1849. EDWARD DOUBLEDAY, a distindays, and actually lived 16 days without guished British naturalist, died at London, food of any kind, having refused all sorts aged 39. He visited the United States in of sustenance. 1835, and returned with a large and rare 1792. ARTHUR LEE, an American states- collection of specimens in most of the man, died. He was an ardent friend of branches of natural history, which he disthe rights of the colonies, which he ren- tributed to several of the public institudered essential services as agent at Lon- tions of England. don, and afterwards as minister with 1851. JOEL R. POINSETT, an American Franklin in France. He is represented statesman, died, aged 72. He was a naas a man of uniform patriotism, sound tive of South Carolina, was secretary of understanding, great probity, plain man- war under Mr. Van Buren, and opposed to ners and strong passions. the revolutionary schemes of some of the 1796. ANTHONY WAYNE, commander-in- politicians of his native state. chief of the United States troops, died at 1852. Madame D'ARUSMONT, betterknown Presque isle, aged 51. He distinguished as Fanny Wright, died at Cincinnati, aged himself in the wars of the revolution by 57. She was born at Dundee, Scotland, his bravery and untiring patriotism. and came to America with considerable 1797. Great earthquake at Cumana; property, where she gained great notoriety more than four-fifths of the city was en- by her lectures and writings. tirely destroyed, and a number of persons 1855. JOEL ABBOTT, commanding the perished. United States squadron in the East Indies, 1799. GEORGE WASHINGTON, the Ameri- died at Hong Kong, China; a brave and can hero and statesman, the man on energetic officer, who discharged his duties whom, in times of danger, every eye was with signal ability and discretion. turned and all hopes were placed, expired without a struggle, at Mount Vernon, in the 68th year of his age. 1803. The British under Maj. Gen. DECEMBER 15. WELLESLEY, since lord Wellington, carried by storm the almost impregnable 337 B. c. TIMOLEON, an illustrious Cofortress of Gawilghar, in the East Indies. rinthian, died at Syracuse. He went to 1807. An extraordinary large and bril- the assistance of the Syracusans against the liant meteor was seen in Connecticut, ex- tyrant Dionysius, and became there a most ploding at three different times, each ex- benevolent and popular character. ploslon accompanied with a fall of meteoric 215. B. c. HIERONYMUS, tyrant of Syrastones, one of which was probably 200 cuse, slain. From his fall is dated the pounds weight. three years' siege of Marcellus, and the 1814. British flotilla of 45 boats with death of Archimedes at the end of it. 1,200 men and 43 cannon captured several 168. B. C. ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES set up American gun boats on lake Borgne near his abomination, the statue of Jupiter, in New Orleans, manned by 23 guns and 182 the sacred temple, it being the annivermen, after an action of about three hours. sary of his own birthday. 1815. The prince regent of Portugal at 533. TRIBONIAN began the Digests or Rio de Janeiro, proclaimed the Brazils to Pandects, that astonishing labor, which be a separate kingdom. condensed within fifty books a body of 1816. CHARLES STANHOPE, in English three million sentences from dead civilstatesman, died. He is better known by ians, and which he finished by the aid of his numerous mechanical inventions, and seventeen associates in exactly three years. as a man of science. 882. JOHN VIII, pope, died. He held a 1818. EDWARD LAW, lord Ellenborough, council at Troyes, but was called back to an eminent English lawyer, died. Italy by the invasion of the Saracens, who 1826. CONRAD MALTE-BRUN, a Danish were so successful that they obliged him poet, political and philosophical writer, to pay an annual tribute. Three hundred and geographer, died at Paris. He was of his letters are preserved. forced to leave his own country for the 1347. Abdication and exile of RIENZI tendency of his writings to liberty. the Roman tribune. Dee. 16.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 473 1582. The Gregorian style adopted at 1831. HANNAH ADAMS, an American Paris, omitting ten days. authoress, died. She was a native of 1683. IZAAK WALTON, an English writer, Massachusetts, a woman of great excellence died, aged 90. He acquired a fortune and and purity of character, and a writer of occupied his time in writing and angling; very fair reputation. Her monumentis to his little treatise called the Complete.Angler be seen in the Mount Auburn cemetery, is unique. near Boston. 1692. GEORGE ADAM STRuvius died; 1834. ANDREW FRANK, a colored man, professor of jurisprudence at Jena, and died at Johnston, R. I., aged 104. counselor of the king of Saxony. 1836. The United States post office, the 1715. GEORGE HICKS died, an English patent office and the Washington city post divine, Antiquary, critic and polemical office, together with the contents of the writer of great learning and abilities. two latter, destroyed by fire. In the patent 1725. JOHN JOHNSON, an English non- office were 7,000 models of patents, out of juror divine, died. Although promoted 10,000 which had been granted by conto various dignities in the church, he en- gress; 163 large folio volumes of records; tertained a contempt for its articles and 26 port folios containing 9,000 drawings, liturgy. many of them beautifully executed and 1745. Battle of Kesseldorf; the Prus- valuable. sians under the prince of Anhalt, defeated 1837. JOHN Cox died, aged 85. He was the Austrians and Saxons, who lost 3,000 a captain in the naval service of Virginia killed and 6,500 prisoners. in the early part of the revolutionary war, 1751. HENRY ST. JOHN, viscount Boling- and was one of the most efficient and disbroke, for many years busily engaged in tinguished patriots during the contest. the politics. literature and philosophy of 1837. PHILIP SING PHYSIC, a Philadelphia his times, died of cancer in the face, aged 73. physician and surgeon of great eminence, 1764. ROBERT LLOYD, an English poet died, aged 70. He was long a celebrated and miscellaneous writer, died in the Fleet'professor of anatomy and surgery in the prison. University of Pennsylvania. 1771. BENJAMIN STILLINGFLEET, a dis- 1840. The remains of BONAPARTE were tinguished poet and naturalist, died. removed from Cherbourg, where they were 1778. French admiral count D'ESTAING, disembarked, to the Church of the invaarrived from America at St. Lucia and at- lides at Paris. The procession was splentacked unsuccessfully the British fleet and did beyond all precedent, the number batteries in the bay of Grand Cul de Sac, assembled being computed at 500,000. in which he sustained great loss. The king and royal family were present at 1782. WILLIAM FRANCIS BERTHIER, a the ceremony, and 60,000 national guards French Jesuit, died; known as the con- were in attendance. ductor for many years of the Journal de 1842. JOHN R. WATROUS, an eminent Travaux, royal librarian and preceptor of physician and revolutionary surgeon, died Lewis XVI. at Colchester, Conn., aged 91. 1782. American ship Commerce, 16 1842. BENJAMIN PARKHURST died at guns, Capt. Truxton, engaged a British Royalton, Vt., aged 97. He was the first brig of 18 guns and a schooner of 14 guns; settler of that town, living in it over 78 he was obliged to make off on the appear- years, and of a family famed for longevity. ance of two other British vessels. He His parents died at the age of 97. His saved his convoy, and they all arrived at grandfather reached 100, and his grandSt. Thomas in safety, a few hours after mother 104 years. the action. 1848. The postal convention between 1794. CARRIER, PINARD and GRAND MAI- Great Britain and the United States signed SON guillotined at Paris. The former was at London by lord Palmerston and Mr. noted for his refined cruelty to the numer- Bancroft. ous victims which power placed in his 1854. KAMEHAMEHA III, king of the hands. On the fall of the mountain party Sandwich islands, died, aged 41, and was he was consigned to punishment, which succeeded by prince Alexander Liholiho, he well merited. aged 20, under the title of Kamehameha 1810. SARAH TRIMMER, an English au- IV. thoress, died. She is well known by her various works designed for the use of DECEMBER 16. children. 1814. Meeting of the Hartford conven- 714. PEPIN (the Fat), mayor of Paris, tion, which consisted of 26 members from died; a man of wisdom and vigor. the new England states, to consult upon 1215. A special excommunication of the the exigencies of the times, and the de- English barons fulminated at Rome, and fenceless condition of the coast. towered London laid under an interdict. 60 474 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 16 1515. ALFONZO ALBUQUERQUE died, Por- ordinary divorce in the world took place tuguese viceroy of India, surnamed the between Bonaparte and Josephine. Great and the Portuguese Mars. 1809. ANTHONY FRANCIS FOURCROY died; 1653. WILLIAM GOUGE died; a minister a very eminent Frenchwriter on chemistry, of the famous assembly of divines, and and a member of the Institute. appointed one of the annotators of the 1811. An earthquake was experienced Bible. in the southern states and in Ohio and 1653. OLIVER CROMWELL appointed lord Pennsylvania. Cbarleston, Savannah, protector of England. Pittsburgh and Circleville especially suf1656. EDMUND WINGATE died; an Eng- fered from it. lish writer on arithmetic and mathematics. 1825. JAMES WATT, the original pub1657. JOSHUA REYNOLDS, commander of lisher of the Montrose, slrbroath and Brechin the English forces in Mardyke, was cast Review. fell over board in Yarmouth Roads away with the whole ship's company, on and was drowned. Goodwin's sands. 1832. ROBERT C. SANDS, an American 1684. The statue of Charles II in the author and editor, died. He was a man Royal Exchange at London, was erected of genius, a scholar, and an elegant writer. by the Hamburg company. 1835. The coldest day on record, from 1687. WILLIAM PETTY, an eminent Eng- sunrise to sunset. The thermometer ranged lish physician, died; chiefly celebrated from 120 to 16~ below zero all day, in the for his knowledge in mathematics and vicinity of Boston. The winter was remechanics, and for his writings on political markable for the lowness of its mean temarithmetic. perature, the number of extremely cold 1703. JULIUS MASCARON, a most eminent days, and the great quantity and long dupreacher, died. His eloquence was as- ration of snow. tenishing, and it is related that his preach- 1835. Great fire in New York, the most ing had such an effect upon the Huguenots, destructive that ever took place in this that of 30,000 Calvinists which he found country, by which the entire seat of the on coming to the see of Agen, 28,000 for- greatest commercial transactions of the sook their church. city, was destroyed. The number of build1710. Gerona, the key of Catalonia in ings destroyed was 529, including the Spain, surrendered to the French. Merchant's Exchange, valued at $150,000, 1723. JOHN TRENCHARD died; an emi- and the Garden street church $50,000. nent English patriot and political writer. The total loss was estimated at $17,000,1745. PETER FRANCIS GUYOT DES FON- 000. TAINES died; a French critic, historical 1848. A little after midnight the Park writer and translator. theatre at New York was burned to the 1767. JAMES GRAINGER, a Scottish phy- ground. sician and poet, died in the West Indies. 1852. SAMUEL LEE, canon of Bristol, 1770. ROGER LONG, an eminent English and the profoundest orientalist of the age, astronomer, died. died, aged 69. He rose from the sphere of 1773. Destruction of 340 chests of tea a carpenter's apprentice. in Boston harbor by a party of citizens disguised as Indians. There was but one survivor of that event, in 1840. DECEMBER 17. 1782. The British burnt fort Arbuthnot and a new fort on Sullivan's island. 546. The Goths under TOTILLA captured 1783. WILLIAM JAMES died; an English and plundered Rome. baronet, who rose from the humble occu- 1413. WILLIAM GASCOIGNE, a noted Engpation of a plowboy to the chief com- lish judge, died. His opinions, arguments mand of the East India company's marine and decisions occur in the old law reports. forces. 1468. The first book printed in England 1788. Oczakow taken from the Turks by bears this date at Oxford, and contains 41 storm by the Russians under prince Potem- quarto leaves. kin, who had about 1,000 killed in the 1500. COLUMBUS was introduced at the ~assault. court of Ferdinand and Isabella at Grenada. 1798. THOMAS PENNANT died; an Eng- 1538. LUTHER notes in his Table Talk, lishman of eminent knowledge in natural that he invited the singers and musicians history and antiquities, and the author of to supper. "I always loved music; who a number of valuable books. so has skill in this art, the same is of good 1800. Convention of the northern pow- kind, and fitted for all things," -a divine ers of Europe for an armed neutrality, saying. signed at St. Petersburg between Russia 1593. HENRY MAY, an English mariner, and Sweden. returning from the East Indies, was wreck1809. The most ceremonious and extra- ed on the islands of Bermudas, and was Dec. 17.] EVERY DAY.BOOK. 475 the first Englishman, who set foot on those 1832. Prof. ZAHN discovered a city buislands. The carpenter's tools having been ried under the lava, between Vesuvius and saved, they built a cedar bark of about 18 Pompeii. tons, payed the seams with lime and 1832. ROBERT C. SANDS, the assistant turtle's fat, procured some rigging from the editor of the New York Commercial Advership, and put in thirteen live turtles for tiser, died by apoplexy while in the act of provisions, when, having remained there composing. nearly five months, they sailed for New- 1843. JACOB MANN, supposed to be the foundland. * oldest newspaper editor of the state of 1615. JACOB LE MAIRE, in his voyage to New Jersey, died in Morristown; having the straits, reports that he found this day published the Genius of Liberty in 1798. at Port Desire, a skeleton of nearly 11 feet 1852. WILLIAM JACOB, an English agriin length, entombed. cultural writer, died at London, aged 89. 1657. JAMES NAYLOR, a quaker, accused 1853. RALPH WARDLAW, an eminent of blasphemy, convicted and ordered to minister of the congregational dissenters, be whipped and pilloried and his tongue died at Glasgow, aged 73. bored through with a red hot iron. 1719. Aurora borealis first noticed in this country, and filled the people with DECEMBER 18. alarm and consternation. It was of course viewed as a sign of the last judgment. 69. VITELLUS abdicated the Roman em1724. THOMAS GuY, founder of a hospital pire, which " he had received against his which bears his name, died in London, will." The next day he desired to restore aged 81. He acquired great wealth as a the dagger of his authority. bookseller, and left more than a million of 1551. GEORGE MARTINUSIUS (Visinovitsch), dollars to one hospital, besides aiding governor of Transylvania, assassinated by others, and leaving nearly $400,000 to be order of Ferdinand, king of the Romans divided among such as could prove them- and of Hungary. He was a native of Croaselves in any way related to him. tia, who rose from the humble occupation 1731. ROBERT BOLTON died; an English of a lighter of stoves. puritan, distinguished for his learning and 1555. JOHN PHILPOT, archdeacon of Wineloquence, and whose high reputation is chester, an English reformer, convicted of sustained by his numerous writings. heresy and burnt at Smithfield. 1742. FRANcis JOSEPH DE BEAUPOIL DE 1621. The famous resolution of the SAINT-AULAIRE, an ingenious French poet, commons of England against the usurped died, aged 100. He wrote much in the royal prerogative was adopted. King James manner of Anacreon, and it is remarkable, did indeed tear it from the records with that his best pieces are those of his old his own hand, but it had its effect. age, when he had reached his 90th year. 1665. BENEDICT VARCHI died; professor 1778. The theatre at Saragossa, in Spain, of morality at Padua, and distinguished was burned, occasioning the death of 400 for the purity and elegance of his language persons. and writings. 1788. The thermometer at Leipsic fell 1674. GABRIEL COSSART died. He as27 degrees below zero. sisted Labbe in his grand collection of 1807. Milan decree issued by Bonaparte, councils, which occupied 28 vols. folio. denationalizing all such vessels as should 1678. ROBERT NANTEUIL, a celebrated submit to the British order in council. French engraver and designer, died. 1808. CHARLES JENKINSON, earl of Liver- 1682. HENEAGE FINCH, lord high chanpool, died. He was a statesman of pro- cellor of England, died. He was distinfound ability, but extremely unpopular, guished for his wisdom and eloquence. who rose from obscurityto wealth and rank. 1686. EDWARD BENDLOWES, an English 1812. Mississinewa, an Indian town in- poet, died in great want, the result of imhabited by Delawares and Miamis, attacked prudence. by 600 Americans under colonel Campbell. 1692. VITUS LUDOvICUS DE SECHENDORF, The town was burnt, with several others a learned German, died; author of several in the vicinity. works, among which is the best account 1812. British attacked Darby, Vt., and of Luther. burnt the barracks and store houses, and 1708. JOHN LOVELACE arrived at New carried off considerable quantities of stores. York from England, as governor of the 1830. SIMoN BOLIVAR, a distinguished province. South American general, died. He headed 1714. CrsAR D'ESTREES, a French carthe revolution of the provinces against the dinal, died; an able negotiator and a bemother country, and having achieved nevolent man. their independence was elected president 1733. JOHN POTENGER died; an English of Colombia. poet and miscellaneous writer. 476 EVERY DAY BOO1t. [Dec. 18 1733. E*NAUVL MArTI died; a Spanish problems of the trisection of the angle, poet of Eminence, and member of the and the duplication of the cube, are curiArcadia at Rome. ous and interesting. 1737. The cliff at Scarborough sunk. 1803. JOHN GODFREY HERDER, a German 1741. Remarkable meteor seen at noon theological writer, died. Some of his near Canterbury, Eng., accompanied by an writings have been translated. inverted rainbow and three mock suns 1807. Counter declaration by the king nekt morning. of England against the emperor of Russia, 1745. The Prussians under Frederick II and an order in council issued for grantentered Dresden. They captured the ing letters of nmarque and reprisal against younger sons of the king of Poland, and Russia. took 415 officers and 15'00 men prisoners. 1809. ALEXANDER ADAM, an eminent 1760. CHARLES HAEYgS, an ingenious Scottish teacher, died. His Roman Anti/English mathematical writer, died. qufties is still in extensive use. 1771. PHIL'VI, MILLA, an eminent Scottish 1810. LucIEN BONAPARTE with his family botanist, died. He had charge of the and a suite of thirty-five persons, arrived apothecary company's physic garden at at Plymouth, England, and voluntarily Chelsea, where he was visited by Linnaeus. placed themselves under the protection of 1775. Battle of Great Bridge, near Nor- the British government. folk, Va. 1812. BONAPARTE arrived at Paris from 1776. The constitution of the state of his disastrous campaign in Russia. North Carolina was adopted. 1820. GUISEPPE BONEANIGA, royal sculp1778. The French under count d'Es- tor of Turin, died. By a persevering aptaing made another attack upon the British plication of 40 years he raised the art of batteries at'Grand Cul de Sac, St. Lucia, carving in wood and ivory to a high degree and after being three times repulsed, were of perfection, and founded:an establishcionpelled to retire with the loss of 400 ment from which numerous works of art killed and 1100 wounded. British gene- have been produced that are much sought ral Meadows was Wounded. for in all Italy, and valued by connois1780. Society of antiquaries first ihstii seurs. tuted in Edinburgh, Scotland. 1828. Lord LIVERPooL, the English pre1785. The sloop Experiment, captain mier, was killed at the opening of the Dean, of Albany, sailed from New York rail road at Liverpool. fot China. She returned in 1787, with a 1832. PHILIP FRXEBAU, a Foet of the valuable cargo, and was the second vessel American revolution, died in New Jersey, thait sailed from America to China. aged 80. His poems were collected in two 1787. The convehtion of New Jersey volumes and have gone through several unanimously assented to and ratified the editions. new federal:constitution, without amend- 1832. Treaty of navigation and comments. merce concluded at St. Petersburg, be1787. SOAvE JEYiqs, an English theolo- tween the United States and Russia. gical writer, died, aged 83. His writings 1843. SMITH THOMPSON, one of the are distinguished;by purity of language, justices of the supreme court of the United eieganiie of diction:and critical knowledge. States, died at Poughkeepsie, aged 76. 1793. Toulon, which had revolted from 1845. SAMUEL MCCLURE died in Illinois. the conVention, after sustaining a murder- Having fought in the revolutionary wars, ous siege, was attacked bytherevolutionists he at their close in removing his family to with a tremendous charge upon the forti- Kentucky was attacked by Indians, his fications. The English redoubt, defended wife taken prisoner, and his children by three'thousand inen and 20 pieces of slain. He escaped himself and returning cannon and several mortars, was carried in severely punished the Indians anad rescued the space of ani hour; and the town after his wife. being bombarded ten hours incessantly, 1847. TIMOTiHY SPitXK, a celebrated was evacuated bythe allies. Great efforts historical writer and statesman, died at were made to carry away as many of the his residence, New Haven, Conn. inhabitants as possible, but several thou- 1855. SAMUEL ROGERS, the distinguished sand were left to the fury of their country- English poet, died, -aged 92. men, who showed no mercy. 1796. The contemplated invasion of England, or rather Ireland, by an army of DECEMBER 19. 25,000 under general Hoche, failed'by a dispersion of the transport ships. 69. The Roman capitol burnt by Vitel1799. Burial of WASHINGTON. lius. 1799. JEAN ETIENNE MONTUCLA, an emi- 1567. The Burghley papers state from nent French mathematician, died. His the diocesan's certificate, that there were Dec. 19.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 477 then in London and its immediate vicini- 1813. DAVID HARTLIEY, an English philty, 3,838 Dutchmen, 7%0 Frenchmen, 137 anthropist, died. He is distinguished Italians, 10 Venitians, 56 Spaniards, 25 also as a politician and a projector. In Portuguese, 2 Grecians, 2 Blackmores, 1 parliament he steadily opposed the war Dane, and but 58 Scots. with the colonies, and was one of the 1675. Attack on Narragansett, by the commissioners appointed to treat with Dr. united forces of the New England colonies. Franklin at Paris. The English having gained an entrance, 1813. Fort Niagara captured by the and withstood the first fire of the Indians, British, who took the Americans by surpoured in amain, and made such havoc prise. In the fort were 250 men and 25 with their enemies that they soon had cannon. possession of every part 6f the fort. The 1813. Lewistown and Tuscarora village, wigwams to the number of five or six near fort Schlosser, were burnt by the Inhundred were fired. The loss of the In- dians. dians on this occasion was by their own 1815. BENJAMIN SMITiH BARTON, an emiaccount 1000 fighting men; the loss of old nent physician of Philadelphia, died. He men, women and children could not be held the professorships of natural history estimated, as they mostly perished in the and botany, afterwards of materia medica, flames. The loss of the English was 80 and succeeded Dr. Rush in theory and killed. The blow was irreparable to the practice of medicine. Indians, who were deprived of their 1831. The national assembly of Greece homes and provisions. met at Argos, but in consequence of sedi1728. WHITE KENNET, an English pre- tion was soon obliged to remove to Napoli. late, died. He was an eloquent and popu- 1840. FELIX GRUNDY, long a distinguishlar preacher, and made a valuable collec- ed senator of the United States from Tention of manuscripts. nessee, died. He was a zealous supporter 1745. The avails of three nights' acting of the measures of general Jackson's adthe Beggar's Opera, amounting to ~600, ministration. given to encourage king George's army 1842. JOHN UNCAS, the last male descenagainst France and the rebels. dant of the Mohegan chief of that name, 1753. STYAN THIRLBY, an ingenious and died, aged 89, and was buried in the royal learned English critic, died. He edited burying ground of the Mohegans in Conthe works of Justin Martyr. necticut. 1777. WASHINGTON moved his troops 1845. CHARLES BOWEN, with his wife from the Swedes ford to Valley Forge and oldest child, drowned by the sinking 16 miles from Philadelphia, where he of the steamer Bellozane in the Mississippi. hutted them. They were in.great want of He was for many years publisher of the shoes and stockings. At one time his North American Review, the American army was without bread four days; on the Almanac, Token, &c., in Boston. fifth day two regiments refused to perform 1851. J. M. WILLIAM TURNER, an unriduty, but finally returned to order on the valed English landscape painter, died at prudent conduct and persuasion of Wash- Chelsea, aged 76. He wasa man of miserly ington; habits and great eccentricities. 1793. The princess royal of France, the 1852. Sacramento in California inundatonly remaining member of the family of ed; the city submerged by the breaking the unhappy Louis XVI, was exchanged through of a levee. for the marquis Lafayette. 1793. The French troops entered Toulon, when such of the inhabitants as had DECEMBER 20. favored the allies either put an end to their own existence or perished by the 69. AULUS VITELLIUS, emperor of Rome, guillotine or musket. assassinated. After sharing in the de1799. CHARLES JOSEPH PANCKOUCKE, an baucheries of Tiberius, and administering eminent Parisian printer, died. He ac- to the vices of Caligula, Claudius and quired great celebrity as an author and a Nero, he was proclaimed by his troops in man of letters, as well as by the excellence Germany, in opposition to Otho. Though of his printing. defeated in three battles, he triumphed in 1806. ELIZABETH CARTER, a contributor the fourth. He disgraced his reign by to the Rambler, and a good Latin and every species of licentiousness. Greek scholar, died at London. 107. IGNATIUS, bishop of Antioch, torn 1807. FREDERICK MELCHOIR, baron de in pieces by lions at Rome, by order of Grimm, died. He is indebted for his fame the emperor Trajan. His epistles are very to a correspondence with the duke of Saxe interesting remains of ecclesiastical antiGotha, from Paris, which was published in quity. 16 vols. 860. ETHELBALD, who married his 478 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 20. mother-in-law, died, after having to the 1782. The United States frigate Charlespriests atoned for his offence by building ton, 40 guns, captured by the British and endowing many abbeys and monas- ships Quebec and Diomede, 76 guns, after teries. a chase of 18 hours. 912. ALPHONSO III (the Great), king of 1790. The fortress of Ismael taken by Asturias, in Spain, died. He wrote a storm by the Russians under Suwarrow; chronicle of the Spanish monarchs, and a of 12,000 Turks all were put to the sword short time before his death obtained a but 400. memorable victory over the Moors. 1791. Bank of the United States com1192. RICHARD of England seized in his menced discounting in Philadelphia; disguise at Vienna. $300,000 were discounted. Branches 1492. COLUMBUS cast anchor in the bay were established in New York, Boston, of St. Thomas; the anniversary also of Baltimore and Charleston, which comthe interment of his venerable bones more menced business in January, 1792. than three centuries after (1795) at Cuba. 1793. JOHN STRANGEWAYS HUTTON died 1494. MATTEO MARIE BOJARDO, an Ita- at Philadelphia, aged 110. He was born lian lyric poet, died. on Long Island in 1682. 1560. JOHN DRYANDER, a Hessian medi- 1793. The first ambassador from the cal and mathematical writer, died. His Porte arrived in London. discoveries in astronomy and his inven- 1795. The remains of Columbus retion of mathematical instruments are moved to Cuba. In the presence of the important. dignitaries and military of San Domingo, 1560. First general assembly of the assembled at the Metropolitan cathedral, a Scottish church was opened. small vault was opened above the chancel, 1603. MAHOMET III, sultan of Turkey, wherein were found the fragments of a died of the plague. He began his reign lead coffin, a number of bones, and a by ordering 19 of his brothers to be stran- quantity of mould, evidently the remains gled, and 10 of his father's wives to be of a human body. These were carefully drowned. He invaded Hungary with an collected and put into a case of gilded lead army of 200,000 men, but after some suc- secured by a lock, and enclosed in a coffin cesses his progress was checked, and he covered with black velvet, and ornamented sued in vain for peace. with lace and fringe of gold. (See Jan. 1686. Sir EDMUND ANDROS arrived in 15, 1849.) Boston with a commission from king 1795. French under JOURDAN made an James as governor of New England. He attack on Kayserslautern, but were rewas received with satisfaction only as he pulsed with a loss of 2000 men. was less dreaded than Kirk. 1803. SAMUEL HOPKINS, an eminent 1697. THOMAS FIRMIN, an eminent Eng- New England minister, died. He publish philanthropist, died. He devoted his lished a work to show that it was the intime and money to charitable objects, and terest of all the American states to emanhis benefactions were unequaled at the cipate their slaves. time when he lived. 1804. RICHARD HUMPTON, adjutant gene1698. BARTHOLOMEW DU QUENTAL died; ral of the state of Pennsylvania, died. He a Portuguese catholic priest, distinguished was a native of England, who early enterfor his piety and learning. ed the military service, and distinguished 1735. The Gentleman's Magazine an- himself as a gallant soldier during the war nounced the arrival of a dwarf in England of the revolution. from France, who at the age of 46, mea- 1809. JOSEPH JOHNSON, the fortunate sured 21 inches in height. publisher of Cowper's poems, died. 1735. Part of the island of Portland 1815. CAMBACERES arrested and sent to sank into the sea. prison at Paris. 1765. The dauphin of France died inhis 1849. WILLIAM MILLER, the founder of 36th year. He was a prince of benevolent the sect of Millerites, died at Hampton, character and exemplary piety, but little Washington co., N. Y., aged 68. He was a known in public life. native of Pittsfield, Mass., and during the 1766. Prayers were publicly read in all last war with England served as a captain the popish chapels in Ireland for George III of volunteers on the northern frontier. He and family, being the first time prayers began to speak in public assemblies upon were made by Romanists for the protestant the subject of the Millenium in 1833, and succession since 1688. in the ten years which preceded the time 1770. JOHN SENAC died; physician to which he had set for the consummation the king of France, counselor of state, of all prophecy he labored assiduously in and superintendent of the mineral waters the middle and northern states, averaging, of the kingdom. He wrote several works it is said, nearly one sermon a day for on anatomy and medicine. more than half that period. He was un Dec. 20.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 479 educated, and not largely read in even the theta Historica Sacra, and one of the oricommon English commentaries; his views ginal writers for the Biographia Britannica. were absurd and supported but feebly; 1775. An act of parliament confiscating yet he succeeded in building up a sect of all American vessels found floating on the some 30 or 40,000 disciples, which disap- water, and for impressing the crews of peared rapidly after the close of the " day American vessels into the British navy, of probation" in 1843, after which time without distinction of persons. Mr. Miller himself did not often advocate 1777. There were at this time 300 Amerior defend his views in public. can officers and 900 privates confined as 1852. By a decree of the governor-gene- prisoners of war in New York by the Britral of British India, the province of Pegu ish. They were mostly confined in sugar was annexed to the British dominions. houses and the most loathsome jails. In 1855. THOMAS CUBITT, an eminent Eng- Philadelphia there were 500 privates and lish builder, principally on works of great 50 officers. They were generally stripped magnitude for the government, died, of what clothing they had when taken, aged 68. and were sometimes confined several days with scarcely any food in order to induce them to enlist to save their lives. FreDECEMBER 21. quent instances occurred of persons thus perishing from hunger. 73. Festival of ST. THOMAS, the Christ- 1780. JAMES HARRIS died; an English ian apostle, whose counsels penetrated into gentleman of uncommon abilities and learnIndia. He was killed by the Bramins, and ing, whose writings have been greatly adburied at Meliapour, about ten miles from mired. Madras. 1782. FRANCIS PHILIP DE REYRAC, a 1375. GIOVANNI BOCCAcCIO, an eminent French ecclesiastic, died; a learned and Italian writer, died; whose Decameron has amiable character. been translated into all the European lan- 1791. ARNAULD DE BARQUIN, a French guages, although great pains were taken to miscellaneous writer died; whose works suppress it. are known in our language. His Children's 1641. MAXIMILIAN DE BETHUNE, duke de Friend was honored with the prize of the Sully, died; celebrated as the prime min- French academy, as the most useful book ister of Henry IV, and the most able and issued in 1784. incorruptible statesman that France ever 1807. The Danish islands of St. Thomas had. After the murder of the king he and St. Johns, in the West Indies, surwent into retirement, where he wrote his rendered to the British. Memoirs, a minute history of his own times. 1811. PETER PARKER, the British ad1667. MILTON'S widow disposed of her miral, died, aged 89. entire interest in the Paradise Lost for eight 1815. WILLIAM VINCENT, a learned Engpounds; so that the sublimest poetical lish divine, died. As an author he is prinbuilding in theworld produced for itsarchi- cipally known by his commentary on Artect and his family, the sum of eighty rian's voyages of Nearchus. dollars; ten pounds having been paid to 1815. LAVALETTE, one of Bonaparte's the author in his life time! ministers, escaped from prison in the dis1667. Sentence was executed upon guise of his wife's dress, she having been many of those Scottish covenanters who permitted to visit him. had rebelled, it is supposed under perse- 1831. Trial of the French ministers for cution. high treason. The excitement was so great 1670. The maiming of sir JOHN COVENTRY that a strong guard was required to save for reflecting on the moral character of them from the popular violence. Above Charles II, which caused the Coventry act. 70,000 men were under arms at one time. 1705. CATHARINE, of Portugal, died; Their sentence was imprisonment for life, queen of Charles II, of England, by whom with the additional penalty of civil death she was treated unkindly. on Polignac. 1706. Tumultuous meetings in Edin- 1832. WILLIAM BRAY, an eminent Engburgh, occured on account of signing the lish antiquary, died, aged 97. articles of union with England. 1833. JOHN P. HUNGERFORD died; an of1719. First No. of the Boston Gazette ficer in the revolutionary war, and afterissued by William Brooker. wards a member of congress from Virginia. 1741. BERNARD DE MONTFAUCON, a very 1835. JOHN SINCLAIR, an eminent British learned French Benedictine, died; famous statesman, died, aged 82. He was also a for his knowledge of ecclesiastic and pagan very voluminous author, and was- distinantiquities. guished for his patriotism and philan1774. THOMAS BROUGHTON, a learned thropy. During a public life of upwards English divine, died; author of the Biblio- of fifty years, there is scarcely any topic in 480 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 21. the whole range of political, statistical or styled fanatics, executed for conspiring the medical science, to which he did not turn death of Charles II. his inquiring mind. 1681. RICHARD ALLEIN died; a puritan 1840. FRANK HALL STANDISH, an Eng- of great learning, whose writings are mostly lish author, died at Cadiz, aged 42. He on theology. wrote biography, travels, sketches and 1694. FRANCIS NICHOLSON made governor poems. of Maryland. 1845. The battle of Punjaub, between 1699. The protestants of Germany here the English forces and the Sikh army, was introduced the Gregorian or'sew style of fought, which issued in the defeat of the supputation, by the omission of ten days, Sikhs, and the annexation of a large por- concluding this year. tion of their territory to that of the English. 1715. The Pretender (Chevalier (de St. 1848. The Asiatic cholera broke out with George), son of James II of Scotland, the great violence among the United States deposed king of England, arrived at Petertroops at port Lavaca, Texas. head, and was proclaimed king of England. 1719. ANDREW BRADFORD issued the first number of the A.merican Weekly Mercury, DECEMBER 22. the first paper printed in Pennsylvania, and the second in the United States. 640. Alexandria taken from the Greeks, 1722. PIERRE VARIGNON, a distinguished by the Saracens, under Amri, after a siege French architect and mathematician, died. of 14 months. "I have taken," he ad- He was professor of mathematics, and an dressed the caliph Omar, " the great city able writer on that science. of the west. It is impossible for me to 1723. JAMES BASNAGE, a French protestenumerate the variety of its riches and ant minister, died. He was a man of talbeauty; and I shall content myself with ent and erudition. His works are numerobserving that it contains 4,000 palaces, ous and valuable, particularly his History 4,000 baths, 400 theatres, or places of of the Jews, 15 vols. amusement, 12,000 shops for the sale of 1729. MICHAEL BARON, the Roscius of vegetable food, and 40,000 tributary Jews." the French theatre, died. It is well known that the second Alexan- 1753. A Mr. BRAITHWAITE died at Cardrian library, established by Cleopatra, was lisle, England, at the age of 110. In 1652 then destroyed, to feed the baths. The he commenced singing in the cathedral, collection consisted of 300,000 volumes, and at the time of his death had continued and those 200,000 rolls, brought by Mark singing one hundred years. Antony from Pergamus, with the accumu- 1768. CHARLES LITTLETON, bishop of lation of seven centuries. Carlisle, died; an eminent English anti937. A severe frost which lasted 120 quary.,days, began in England. 1788. PERCIVAL POTT, a very eminent 1332. Found in the library of St. Mary, English surgeon, died. at Florence, the whole of the New Testa- 1789. A number of ice islands, of great ment in silk; at the end of it is this in- magnitude, discovered, which had been scription in Greek: " By the hand of the wafted from the southern polar regions. sinner, and most unworthy, Mark, in the The ship Guardian struck them near the year of the world 7840.". cape of Good Hope, on her passage to Bot1483. WILLIAM D'ESTOUTEVILLE, a Nor- any bay. These islands were wrapt in man cardinal, died; who reformed the darkness; they were 150 fathoms long, and university of Paris. more than 50 fathoms above the surface of 1530. The famous protestant league of the waves. A fragment from the summit of defence, against a decree of the imperial one of them broke off, and plunging into diet, was concluded this day. the sea, caused a tremendous commotion 1558. The great sealof England delivered in the water, and dense smoke all around to sir Nicholas Bacon, with the style of it. lord keeper, then first adopted. 1796. Kehl, a fortress on the Rhine, 1585. VIRGINIA ACCORAMBONI, celebrated surrendered by the French, under Dessaix, for her beauty and poetical talents, was to the Austrians, under the archduke assassinated at Padua. Charles, after a siege of 51 days, and a 1592. ALEXANDER FARNESE, duke of blockade of 115. The garrison were perParma, and governor of the Low Countries, mitted to withdraw, with their artillery died of a wound given by Henry IV,, of and baggage, with drums beating and France, at the siege of Rouen. colors flying. 162X. Landing of the first settlers at 1798. BONAPARTE arrived at Suez, with Plymouth. The total number of them was several officers and men of science, and, 101; of which 50 died during the winter. having forded the Red sea, visited the 1662. GEORGE PHILLIPS, with three others, fountains of Moses. Whilst here he re Dec. 22.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 481 ceived a deputation from the monks of 1855. VALERIAN KRASINSRI, one of the mount Sinai, and countersigned the charter most distinguished members of the Polish they had received from Mahomet. emigration, and an eminent author, died 1803. Louisiana taken possession of by at Edinburgh, Scotland. the Americans. 1807. Embargo; the ports of the United States closed against British commerce. DECEMBER 23. 1812. JAMES CLINTON, an American general, died. He wasa firm and undeviating 486 B. C. The accession of Xerxes the patriot of the revolution. magnificent to the Persian throne, Nar. 1812. PETER HENRY LARCHER, a French Era, 263. When Darius Hystaspes, his writer, died. He translated some of the father, was cut off, he had reigned 36 principal Greek classics. years, from the thoth of N. E. 227, corres1813. The Indians attacked and defeated ponding with the first day of January B. C. at Ecchanachaca, by the Americans under 521. The year 485, in which he died, is general Claiburn, who destroyed the town, remarkable for two facts, the conquest of 200 houses, with a large quantity of pro- Syracuse under Gelon, and a comic work visions. by Epicharmus, who added the Greek let1818.. PHILIP FRANCIS, an English states- ters chi and theta to his native alphabet. man, died. He was an active promoter of 176. MARCUS ANTONINUS entered Rome the impeachment of the famous Warren in triumph, after his German victories on Hastings, and was considered by some as the Danube, accompanied by his monstrous the author of Junius's Letters. son Commodus. 1822. WILLIAM LOWNDES, a distinguish- 400. Naval battle of the Hellespont, and ed orator and patriot, of South Carolina, defeat of Gainas the barbarian; who was died at sea. despatched in Thrace. 1828. WILLIAM HYDE WOLLASTON died, 558. CHILDEBERT I, king of France, died. aged 62; one of the ablest and most re- His great military exploit was the defeat of nowned of English chemists and natural the king of Burgundy. philosophers. Very little of his personal 679. DAGOBERT II, king of Austrasia, history is known, his biography not having assassinated. been written (1846). 1588. HENRY DE LORRAINE, duke of 1832. FRANcls HUBER, a Swiss naturalist, Guise, assassinated by order of the king. died, aged 82. He lost his sight at the age He was a turbulent and seditious subject of 17. Notwithstanding this difficulty in of Henry III, of France. the way of scientific pursuits, with the as- 1620. The Plymouth settlers having sistance of his wife, he wrote and published fixed upon a place for a town, on a high a very accurate work on the habits of bees, ground facing the bay, where the land was and some other works. cleared and the water excellent, as many 1835. EDMUND FRY died in London, at a as could conveniently went on shore, and very advanced age. He was a member of felled and carried timber to the spot dethe society of Friends, originally bred to signated for the erection of a building for the medical profession, but was more gen- common use. erally known as an eminent and learned 1622. REDEMPTuS BARENZANO, a Piedtype founder. mohtese motik, died. He was professor of 1835. DAVID HOSACK, an eminent phy- philosophy at Anneci, and a correspondent sician, died at New York, where he was of the great Bacon. professor of the theory and practice of 1631. MICHAEL DRAYTON, an English physic, and was held in high estimation as poet, died. His works which were numea man of talent, learning and worth. rous, and of great merit, were collected in 1838. HUGH JAMES RosE, a talented and 1748 in one volume folio. eloquent English divine, died. Besides 1632. JOHN COTTON, the first minister of numerous works of which he was the au- Boston, died. He was a good scholar and thor, he projected the British Magazine, a pious, able and benevolent man. and edited the Theological Library. 1688. JAMES II, king of England, es1842. 250 troops from Texas invading caped from England to Calais, in France, Mexico, were defeated and taken prisoners. and was declared to have abdicated his 1854. MARTIN JOSEPH ROUTH, president throne. Of Magdalen college, died at Oxford, Eng- 1715. The Freeholder, first No., appeared, land, aged 99; a man of great learning, in a great degree political. In this work talent and virtues. the labors of Addison as an essayist were 1854. The British parliament passed a brought to a close. law permitting the enlistment of foreigners, 1721. WILLIAM MUSGRAVE died; an emias officers and soldiers, in her majesty's nent English physician and antiquary, and service. secretary of the Royal society. 61 482 E'VERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 23. 1747. The colonial house and records English officer, who vainly tried to perat Boston destroyed by fire. suade his beautiful Indian wife to accom1757. British privateer Terrible, captain pany him to England. William Death, of 26 guns and 200 men, 1854. Simoda, Japan, destroyed by an captured a large French ship, after. an ob- earthquake. A wave from the bay overstinate battle, in which he lost his brother flowed the town, and on its return left but and 16 men killed. A few days after he 16 buildings out of a thousand standing. fell in with the privateer Vengeance, 36 guns and 360 men, who recaptured the prize, and having imanned her, both ships DECEMBER 24. bore down on the Terrible, whose main was shot away by the first broadside. 361. GEORG E of Capadocia, Arian bishop After a desperate engagement, in which the of Alexandria, was assassinated in conseFrench captain and his second were killed, quence of his oppression. with two-thirds of his company, the Ter- 705. 1ELFRID, king of Northumberland, rible was boarded, when no more than 26 died. persons were found alive, 16 of whom had 1156. PETER (the Venerable), a French lost a leg or an arm, and the other 10 were ecclesiastic, died. He was sprung of a badly Wounded. The ship itself was so noble family, and became general of the shattered that it could scarcely be kept order of Cluni. He was a man of great above water. There was a strange combi- learning and exemplary piety. nation of names in this affair; the Terrible 1247. ROBIN HOOD, the English outlaw, was equipped at Execution dock; was com- has his death placed on this day (See Nov. rmanded by Death, who had Devil for his 18). lieutenant and Ghost for surgeon. 1460. Battle of rWakefield Green; the 1777. WASHINGTON had 2,898 men.-nufit Lancasterians under Margaret queen of for duty, " owing to their being barefooted Henry IV, defeated Richard duke of York, and otherwise naked." His whole force who was slain. fit for duty amounted to 8,200. 1525. VASQUEZ DE GAMA, the Portuguese 1783. SAMUEL COOPER, one of the most navigator,'died at Cochin in Malabar. He celebrated divines and politicians of New discovered the course to the East Indies, England, died. by the cape of Good Hope. 1783. General WASHINGTON delivered up 1535. EURICIUS CORDUS died; a German his commission to congress at Annapolis. physician and poet, the friend of Erasmus. 1789. CHARLES MICHAEL DE L'EPEE, a 1560. At Lillebone, Lower Seine, France, celebrated French teacher of the deaf and a fiery meteor fell, attended with red rain. dumb, died. He devoted his time and 1565. A Dutch church was opened at money to the education of indigent mutes. Norwich by order of queen Elizabeth. Sacrificing his own comfort to promote 1650. Edinburgh castle taken by Cromtheirs. Some of his pupils obtained aca- well, said to be the first time ever reduced. demical prizes by poetical and literary 1664. A comet styled a blazing star apworks. peared in England. 1804. Battle of Biezun; the French un- 1704. First eruption on record of the der Grouchy defeated 8,000 Prussians, and peak of Teneriffe. took 500 prisoners and 5 cannon. 1728. Second newspaper established in 1814. Battle at Villaret's plantation, Philadelphia, called the Universal Instructor near New Orleans, between 2000 Americans in all dirts and Sciences and Pennsylvania under general Jackson and about 4000 Gazette, by Samuel Keimer. The first British under general Keene. American press had been established by Bradford loss 213;'British loss 305. about six weeks after the city was founded. 1816. Bible societies prohibited in Hun- 1736. Plot discovered to destroy the gary. whole family of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel. 1825. SAMUEL PARXES, an English chem- 1740. DANIEL WATERLAND, an eminent ist, died. He was no less distinguished English divine and polemical writer, died. for his benevolence than for his ardor, dili- 1771. CHARLES JOHN FRANCIS HENAULT, gence and perseverance in the pursuit of an eminent French chronologist, died. science. His great work, the result of forty years' 1832. Civil war in Mexico terminated by study, has gone through many editions a convention at Zalaveta, of delegates and been translated into the Chinese and from the armies of Bustamente and Santa several European languages. Anna. 1775. JOHN CAMPBELL, king's agent for 1846. JAMES STEVENSON, one of the old- the province of Georgia, died. He was an est of the Seneca chiefs, and a friend of eminent writer on biography, history and Red Jacket, died on the Cattaraugus re- politics. servation, aged 81. He was the son of an 1793. The French convention decreed Dec. 24.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 483 that the houses in Toulon should be leveled which blocked up the roads so as to prewith the ground. vent all traveling, and many lives were 1794. South Hadley canal, or Connecti- lost. In some places the snow drifted to the cut river, opened. It was constructed to depth of forty feet, and in others avalanches overcome a fall of 53 feet in the river; is buried houses and their inhabitants. upwards of 2 miles in length, including 1846. ERASTUS RooT, a distinguished a cut of 300 feet in length through solid statesman in the state of New York, died rock, 40 feet deep and 18 wide. The while on a visit to New York city, aged 74. descent into the river was made by an in- 1849. PATRICK FRAZER TYTLER, the dined plane 230 feet in length, traversed Scottish historian, died. by a carriage with six wheels, which was 1849. Great fire at San Francisco; proregulated by a water wheel. It was alto- perty destroyed valued at a million and a gether quite an original affair. half of dollars. 1798. ROBERT MERRY, author of the 1851. The principal room of the library Pains of Memory, died at Baltimore. of Congress was destroyed by fire. 1800. An attempt to assassinate Bonaparte at Paris by an infernal machine. 1804. MARTIN VAHL, a Norwegian na- DECEMBER 25. turalist, died. He extended his researches over various parts of Europe and the The commencement of what is usually African coast. called the vulgar era, was four years prior 1805. American exploring party under to the date now used as the beginning of Capts. Lewis and Clark, went into winter the Christian era. quarters in huts on the shore of the Paci- 98. Christ mass was first used as a festific, near the mouth of Columbia river. val.. 1806. Battle of Nasielsk; the Russians 283. MARCUS AURELIUS CARUS, the Romunder Kaminski defeated by the French an emperor, killed by lightning, beyond under Davoust. the Tigris. 1806. Battle of Kursonet, on the Wrka; 400. GAINAS, a Goth of great valor, 15,000 Cossacks defeated by the French killed. He became a general under Arunder Nansouty. cadius, and desolated Thrace, because re1808. THOMAS BEDDOES, an eminent fused a church for the Arians. English physician, died. He is known by 496. CLOVIS, the first Christian king of his perseverance in making experiments France, crowned at Rheims; a glorious to cure consumption by the application of day among the Franks. pneumatics. 800. CHARLES, king of France, crowned 1814. Preliminaries of the treaty of at Rome emperor of the Wett. It was the peace between England and the United commencement of a new Roman era, and States signed at Ghent. he took the name of Charlemagne. 1824. CHRISTOPHER ARETIN, a learned 820. LEO V, emperor of Constantinople, German writer, died. On the abolition of assassinated. He was an Armenian, who the monastries in 1803 he was appointed became a general by his valor in the Romto examine their libraries. an armies and prevailed on his troops to 1830. STEPHANIA FELICITE DE GENLIS, a proclaim him emperor. celebrated French authoress, died, aged 1066. WILLIAM, the conqueror, was 84. For the last thirty years of her life, crowned at London, amid a tumult, and her inexhaustible pen continued to pour the better to secure the obedience of the forth a variety of works of which space is citizens, granted them a charter. here wanted to enumerate even their 1440. GILLES DE RETZ, the famous Bluenames. The whole of her literary progeny beard, executed at Nantes for his horrible falls little short of an hundred volumes, crimes. The ruins of his castle, La Verand are characterized by fertility of ima- riere, are seen on the banks of the Erde, in gination and purity of style. the Lower Loire. 1831. A volcanic island, recently formed 1476. GELEAS MARIE SFORZA, duke of near Sicily, disappeared. Milan, assassinated. -He rendered himself 1832. The citadel of Antwerp, with 3,500 unpopular by his ferocity and debauchery. troops, surrendered to the French, after a 1618. The first house erected at Plybrave resistance of 26 days. The French mouth, Mass., by the puritan settlers, after had thrown up 14,000 metres of trenches, having spent more thtn a month in selectand fired 63,000 rounds, by which 695 ing a place for settlement. The company were wounded and 108 killed. was divided into 19 families, and to each 1836. FRANCISCO EsPoz Y MINA, a dis- person was assigned a lot, half a rod in tinguished Spanish constitutional general, width, and three rods in length, for houses died. and gardens. 1836. Great snow storm in England, 1658. CROMWELL dispersed several con 484 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 25. gregations, met to celebrate the birth of the DECEMBER 26. Savior. 1676. MATTHEW HALE, a learned Eng- 795. ADRIAN I, pope, died. He was a lish judge, died. He was conversant with Roman patrician, who on his elevation to almost every branch of scie: ce, and has tthe pontificate highly embellished St. Peleft valuable works in law, philosophy and er's church, and displayed his benereligion. volence and humanity during a famine 1678. JOHN NEWTON died; an English occasioned by the inundation of the Tiber. mathematician and chaplain to Charles II. 1135. STEPHEN crowned king of Eng1698. JAMES HOUBRACKEN, the celebrat- land on St. Stephen's day. ed Dutch engraver, was born at Dordrecht. 1292. JOHN BALIOL performed homage 1712. WILLIAM KING, an English poet- to Edward of England at New Castle. ical and political writer, died. His most 1300. EDWARD I of England forbade the useful work is an account of the heathen circulation of crockards, pollards, rosaries, gods and heroes, necessary for the under- and other foreign coins, as sterlings. They standing of the ancient poets. were all called in and a new sterling money 1715. JAMES, the pretender to the Eng- coined, so called from the Easterlings, who lish throne, landed at Peterhead, and were the first coiners of silver of that fineformed his court. ness in England. 1740. JOHN SOANEN, an eminent French 1530. ZAHIR-EDDIN MOHAMMED BABER, ecclesiastic, having been deposed from his founder of the Tartar empire in Hindostan, bishopric, died in exile. died, aged 47. He made the first irruption 1741. ROBERT SANDERSON died; an Eng- into Hindostan in 1505, which was unsuclish writer, distinguished as the continu- cessful; but in 1524 he again undertook ator of Rymer's Ferdera, from the 16th to the invasfon, defeated and killed the sulthe 20th volume. tan in battle, and extended his conquests 1758. JAMES HERVEY, an English divine far and wide with astonishing rapidity. of exemplary virtue and piety, died. His He was one of the most distinguished Meditations and Letters are well known. sovereigns that ever sat upon an Asiatic 1762. Great riot at Drury lane theatre, throne. because the managers would not admit at 1552. CHARLES V raised the siege of half price after the 3d October. Metz, with the loss of 30,000 men. 1770. HENRY MILL, an ingenious Eng- 1679. THOMAS BLOUNT, an English barlish mechanic, died. He is said to have rister at law, died; distinguished for his been unrivaled in the science of hydraulics. talents and learning, and as a respectable 1777. Vermont became an independent writer. state. It was first settled in 1725, and 1729. HONORE TouRNELY, a distinguished claimed as part of New Hampshire. French ecclesiastic, died. He was profes1796. KOSCIUSKO, with other Polish prison- sor of philosophy at Douay, and a popular ers, liberated by the emperor Paul, when preacher. he came to America. 1731. ANTHONY HOUDART DE LA MOTTE, 1801. HESTER CHAPONE, auelegant Eng- an ingenious French critic and miscellish poetess and moral writer, died. Her laneous author, died. His works consist works will long be popular. of epic poetry, tragedy, comedy, lyric, 1813. Violent eruption of mount Etna. pastoral, and fable; besides a vast variety 1816. Treaty between the United States of discourses, critical and academical. and the dey of Algiers. 1732. WILLIAM LELAND, of Lisnaken, 1822. A hurricane in Iceland, which in Ireland, died, aged 139. He was alike overthrew the churches. The new volcano remarkable for his stature and longevity. of Oefields Jokkelen, spouted burning 1762. EVERARD TITON DU TILLET, a stones and ashes. French Jesuit, died; distinguished for his 1827. ENRICO ACERBI, an Italian surgeon learning, and for a brazen Parnassus which and medical writer, died. he planned and erected in honor of Louis 1837. JOHN AUSTIN died at Philadelphia, XIV. aged 67; a native of Barbadoes, formerly 1771. CLAUDE ADRIAN HELVETIUS, a a surgeon in the British army, and a prac- French writer, died. He was a wealthy titioner at Barbadoes and Demarara, where and benevolent man, but his works were he was greatly esteemed. irreligious. 1853. JOHN MACRAE WASHINGTON, a brave 1776. Battle of Trenton, New Jersey. American military officer, was swept from The Americans under Washington crossed the wreck of the San Francisco, aged 60. the Delaware on a cold and stormy night, After the close of the Mexican war he com- and surprised the Hessians at sunrise. manded an expedition across the plains of Col. Rhalle and 20 men were killed and Mexico to the Pacific, and acted as military the remainder surrendered, to the number governor one year. of 1,000. Of the Americans 2 were killed Dec. 26.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 485 and 2 frozen to death. This well judged of a ship, then keeper of a toy shop, afterand successful enterprise revived the de- wards a merchant, and finally a banker. pressed spirits of the colonists and pro- He left an estate of ten or fifteen millions, duced an immediate and happy effect in which was bequeathed to charitable and recruiting the American army. public purposes. 1780. JOHN FOTHERGILL, an eminent 1843. Rev. JAMES HARVEY LINSLEY, a London physician, died. He was of the writer in the American Journal of Science, sect of quakers, and distinguished himself died at Stratford. by his public and private benefactions, his 1851. The town of Lagos, on the coast encouragement of science, and attention of Africa, destroyed by an English force, to the health, the police and the con- with a loss of 30 killed and 60 wounded, veniences of the city, as well as his great because the native chief refused to sign a medical skill. treaty for the effectual suppression of the 1782. HENRY HOME, lord Kaimes, died. slave trade. The chief was deposed, and He was one of the senators of the college another substituted in his place. of justice in Scotland, and eminent as a 1851. A large portion of the Chinese critical and philosophical writer. part of Hong-Kong destroyed by fire, in1784. OTHO FREDERIC MULLER, a Danish cluding all the printing offices, the finest naturalist, died. His works show much edifices and public buildings; involving method and great accuracy. the loss of nearly 500 houses and many 1797. JOHN WILKES, a famous English human lives. politician and an elegant scholar, died. He was a member of parliament, lord mayor of London, and afterwards chamberlain. DECEMBER 27. 1800. MARY ROBINSON died; an elegant English poetess, novelist and dramatic 100. JOHN (the Evangelist) died at Ephewriter. sus, aged 94. 1806. Battle of Pultusk in Poland, be- 1552. CATHARINE VON BORA, wife of tween the Russians under Beningsen and Martin Luther, died. She was rescued the French under.Lannes. The latter were from a nunnery with eight others by the defeated with the loss of 8,000; Russian assistance of the great reformer. She surloss 5,000. The French drew back with vived him several years. such haste that the advancing Cossacks 1585. PETER DE RONSARD died; a French were unable to overtake their rear guard elegiac and epigrammatic poet of a noble next day. Lannes was glanced by a ball, family. and had two aids killed. 1603. THOMAS CARTWRIGHT, an English 1806. Battle of Soldau; French under puritan of great eminence and learning, Ney defeated the Prussians under Lestocq. died. He was a sharp and powerful con1806. Battle of Alawa, in Prussian Po- troversialist, author of a practical comland; French under Marchand gained a mentary on the gospels and proverbs. He brilliant victory. was obliged to quit the kingdom to avoid 1806. Battle of Golymin; Russians de- persecution, and died in great poverty. feated by the French under Murat and 1605. JOHN DAVIS, a famous English Davoust. The Russians on this eventful navigator, killed in a desperate fight with day lost 80 cannon, 12,000 men, and a some Japanese near the coast of Malacca. great amount of baggage, &c. 1669. SAMUEL CLARKE died; a celebrat1811. Destruction of Richmond theatre, ed English oriental scholar. in consequence of the scenery taking fire, 1689. PETER HALLE, an eminent French when 123 persons perished, among whom civilian and poet, died. He was offered was the governor of the state, and a great the headship of five colleges, and accepted number of females. the professorship of canon law in the uni1812. JOEL BARLOW, an American poet versity of Paris, where he raised the and statesman, died at Garnowitch, in Po- character of that much neglected science. land, while on an embassy from the United 1763. LAWRENCE NATTIER died; a SwaStates to Bonaparte. His principal work bian, who published a work on antient is the Columbiad, a poem. gems. 1820. JOSEPH FOUCHE, duke of Otranto, 1763. The Paxton boys broke into Landied. He was one of the most flagrant of caster jail and massacred fourteen friendly the French revolutionists; but had the Indians. adroitness to escape punishment by shift- 1771. HENRY PITOT died; a celebrated ing his opinions with every variation of French mathematician, and friend of the the public sentiment and policy. great Reaumur. 1831. STEPHEN GIRARD, a wealthy Phila- 1779. The Spanish armament opened delphia banker, died. He was a native of their batteries upon Gibraltar. It is supFrance; was first a cabin boy, then mate posed the general had no orders to fire 486 EVERY DAy BOOK. [Dec. 27. until this time, but to remain on the defensive. DECEMBER 28. 1784. LEE Boo, a prince of the Pelew islands, died in England, whither he had 1065. St. Peter's church at Westminster been sent to acquire an education. dedicated by Edward the confessor. 1791. JOHN MONRO died; an English 1278. Injunction of the primate of Engphysician, celebrated for his skill in cases land to the nunnery at Godstow, that of insanity. public prayers on this day, Childermas, 1800. HUGH BLAIR, a celebrated Scottish should not any more be said by little girls. divine, died. His Lectures on Rhetoric de- 1377. WICKLIFF divulged his opinion livered as professor at the Edinburgh upon the pope's mandate. university, are eminently distinguished by 1499. Earl of Warwick, the last of the laborious investigation, sound sense and male line of the Plantagenets, beheaded refined taste; and his printed sermons on Tower hill. have had a success almost unparalleled in 1601. The town of Kinsale, head of the the annals of pulpit eloquence. sea, in Ireland, garrisoned by Spaniards 1808. The French under LANNES as- and Irish catholics, surrendered to the saulted Saragossa, in Spain, and the con- English armies. vent of St. Eugratia carried. This was 1638. A Spanish ordinance establishing the second siege. stamped paper in America. 1814. JOANNA SOUTHCOTT, a noted Eng- 1694. MARY II, queen of England, died lish fanatic and imposter, died. At the of small pox, aged 33. She had reigned age of 42 she claimed the character of a six years in conjuiction with William IlI, prophet, and for more than twenty years and was greatly extolled for her virtues. continued her rhapsodies, and drew after 1697. MARY BEALE, an English portrait her several thousand adherents, who are painter, died. She is styled by Oldys not yet extinct. "that masculine poet as well as painter, 1814. United States schooner Carolina, the incomparable Mrs. Beale." blown up on the Mississippi river by a red 1706. PETER BAYLE, a most laborious hot ball from the British batteries. and indefatigable French writer, died. He 1820. JOHN KEATS, an English poet, died was an author of great ability, principally in Italy. He was originally a stable boy, known by his Critical Dictionary. subsequently apprenticed to a surgeon, but 1708. JOSEPH PITTON DE TOURNEFORT, a gave way to the ambition of becoming a famous French botanist and natural hispoet. His poems though written at a very torian, died. early age, possess merit. 1733. KoULI KHAN defeated the Turks 1834. CHARLES LAMB, the poet Cole- before Babylon, killing 20,000, with the ridge's friend, died. In some of his most loss of 10,000. popular works he was assisted by his sister 1737. VICTOR MARIE D'ESTREES, a French Mary Lamb. admiral, died. He was also a man of litera1835. EPHRAIM WILLIAMS, an eminent ture, and member of several learned bodies. lawyer, died at Deerfield, Mass. He pre- 1737. Singular sinking and rising of pared the first volume of the Massachusetts land at Scarborough, in Yorkshire, Engreports. land. 1840. JENNY KENNISON died at Brook- 1757. CAROLINE ELIZABETH, 3d daughter field, N. H., aged 110. of Geo. II, of England, died. 1842. ALEXANDER CROKE, quite a volu- 1757. Leignitz taken by the Prussians minous writer on law, politics, &c., died under Frederick II, by which the Austrians at Studley priory, England, aged 85. and French were compelled to abandon 1842. FRANCIS WRANGHAM, distinguished Silesia, with the loss of 4,000 men. as a poet and antiquary, died at Chester, 1758. The French settlement of Goree England. taken by the British admiral Keppel. 1851. BASIL MONTAGU, an English au- 1775. JOHN CAMPBELL, an eminent Scotthor, died, aged 81. He edited the last tish historical, biographical and political and best edition of Bacon's Works, and was writer died. one of the earliest, most prominent and 1778. The French under count D'E1smost zealous advocates of a mitigated penal TAING re-embarked their troops at St. Lucode in England. cia, and sailed on the following day. 1853. The mammoth clipper Great Re- 1788. JOHN LOGAN, a Scottish divine and public was burnt at her wharf in New poet, died. He obtained much distinction York, together with several other vessels as an eloquent preacher. and five large flour warehouses. 1797. War with the pope renewed by 1854. THOMAS WILSON DORR, the cause the French, occasioned by the assassinaof what was called the Dorr war in Rhode tion of Duplot, a French general, who was Island, died at Providence, aged 49. sent to Rome as an ambassador. Dec. 28.4 EVERY DAY BOOK. 487 1811. Funeral at Richmond, Va., of 1680. WILLIAM ISTAFFOIt, an English those who perished at the burning of'the nobleman, beheaded. He was convicted theatre. of high treason as a conspirator in the 1814. United States privateer Prince of popish plot, said to have been contrived Neufchatel, 18 guns and 130 men, captured b.y the catholics for the assassination of by British ship Leander, two frigates in Charles II. company. 1689. THOMAS SYDENHAM died; an ex1814. British cannonaded unsuccessfully cellen't English physician and medical the Americans under Gen. Jackson. The writer. cannonade continued 7 hours; the British 1699. GEORGE MATTHIAS K(ENIG, a learnloss estimated at 120 killed; American loss ed German writer, died; distinguished for'9 killed, 8 wounded. his knowledge of belles lettres, divinity 1817. CHARLES BARNEY, an eminent and oriental languages; principally known Eng'lish scholar, died. He greatly distin- by a biographical dictionary which has guished himself by the depth of his lite- been of great service to subsequent comrary researches, and by his extraordinary pilers. skill in the Greek language. 1713. JOHN CHARDIN, a famous French 1817. American colonization society voyageusr, died. He was driven to England formed at Washington, having for its on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, object the returning of free people of color where he was knighted by Charles II. to Africa. His Voyages have always been much es' 1818. ALEXANDER, emperor of Russia, teemed as'very curious and accurate. gave to his peasant subjects the same right 1731. BROOK TAYLOR, an English mawith his nobles to establish manufactures. thematician and philosopher, died. His 1825. J. D. BARBIE-DU-BOCAGE, a French works were valuable and often republished. geographer, died. He furnished plans and 1737. JOSEPH SAURIN, a French mathemaps for the most celebrated works of the matician, died. He devoted his life to day, and published an atlas of 54 sheets geometrical pursuits, and is conspicuous to illustrate ancient history. for a controversy with Rousseau who 1825. JOHN THOMAS SERRES, a French wised to palm upon him some of his own aitist, died. His sea pieces possess much libelous verses against persons of dismerit, and he is besides the author of the tinction. Little Sea Torch, a guide for coasting pilots. 1755. GABRIELLE SUSANNE BARBOT IE 1831. Insurrection of the slaves in Ja- VILLENEUVE, a celebrated French novel maica, in the course of which about 30,000 writer, died. blacks were under arms, 4,000 of whom 1761. ELIZABETH, queen of Russia, died. were killed. The amount of property de- She was the daughter of Peter the Great, stroyed was estimated at $15,000,000. and ascended the throne, 1741. 1835. Battle of Tampa bay; a company 1774. TOUSSAINT GASPARD TACONNET of 110 United States troops under major died; a French actor and dramatic writer, Dade, attacked by a large party of Semi- noted for his eccentricity. nole Indians, and all but three slain. 1778. Savannah taken by the British. 1853. A great snow storm commenced, A negro conducted the British by a priwhich continued 36 hours, extending over vate path to the rear of the Americans, the new England states, and causing great who being attacked in front and flank, interruption to business and travel. made a fatal retreat. Upwards of 100 Americans were killed, 453 taken; the town and fort, 48 cannon, 23 mortars, DECEMBER 29. with ammunition and stores, the shipping in the river, and large quantities of provi1170. THOMAS BECKET, archbishop of sions fell into the hands of the enemy. Canterbury, assassinated in his cathedral, 1783. SAMUEL COOPER, a Boston clergyaged 53. man, died. His sermons were evangelical 1563. SEBASTIAN CASTALIO, a French and perspicuous, and unequaled in Amewriter, died. His writings are very con- rica at that time for taste and elegance. siderable, both for their number and qua- 1783. DANIEL WRAY, a learned English lity, discover great knowledge of the antiquary, died, aged 82. languages, and are chiefly on scripture 1790. JOHN GEORGE LA FRANC DE PoMsubjects. PIGNAN, a learned French prelate, died. 1594. JOHN CHASTEL, the son of a wool- He was author of sixteen works on differen draper at Paris, executed for an attempt ent subjects. -to assassinate the king, Henry IV. 1794. The town of Grave, considered a 1674. Battle of Mulhausen; the French masterpiece of'fortification, surrendered to under Turenne, gained a victory over the the French under Pichegru, after a blockGermans. ade of two months. 488 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 29. 1797. General DUPHOT, assassinated by rope, sufficient to lodge 12,000 persons. the populace at Rome, which was made a The loss of treasures, pictures, statues, pretext of the French directory for de- ornaments and furniture was immense. throning the pope, Pius VI. Duphot had 1837. Steamer Caroline, a vessel in the distinguished himself on several memora- service of the Navy island patriots, deble occasions, and had repaired to Rome stroyed. for the purpose of espousing the sister of 1839. Battle of Cagancha between the Bonaparte, afterwards married to Murat. forces of Uruguay, under Rivera, and those 1798. American government issued or- of Buenos-Ayres under Echague. The ders to the commanders of their armed latter had an army of 5,000 men, and was vessels to repel by force the mustering defeated with the loss of 800 killed, and and searching their vessels, and detaining prisoners, baggage, &c., taken. Rivera's them; but when overpowered by a supe- loss about 200. rior force, to strike their colors and sur- 1845. Texas admitted into the union. render ship and men. 1848. Wisconsin admitted into the 1812. Action between United States fri- union. gate Constitution, 54 guns, 480 men, Capt. 1848. The Roman chambers were disBainbridge, and British frigate Java, 49 solved and a constituent assembly conguns and 500 men including supernume- vened. rary officers, which resulted in the capture 1849. Great crevasse in the Mississippi of the latter in 55 minutes. Loss of the banks at Bonnet Carr6, about forty miles Java 60 killed and 101 wounded including above New Orleans. the captain, Lambert, mortally. Consti- 1850. The British forces had an engagetution lost 34 killed and wounded. ment with the Cafires, in South Africa, 1825. JAMES LOUis DAVID, a celebrated were defeated with considerable loss, and French painter, died. He was one of the obliged to retreat to their fort. wildest idolators of Robespierre and Marat, 1852. ROBERT FORREST, an eminent but finally lost his repugnance to monarchy Scottish sculptor, died, aged 65. He was under Bonaparte. He was banished on the originally a stone mason, in the quarries restoration of the Bourbons, and died at of Clydesdale; but the products of his Brussels. His works are numerous, and chisel are seen in the most conspicuous attest a splendid genius. points of Glasgow and Edinburgh. 1832. Baron COTTA died. He was the 1855. The French imperial guard made originator of the daily political paper, a triumphal entry into Paris on its return the dlgerneine Zeitung, so extensively cir- from the Crimea. culated in Europe. 1832. JAMES HILLHOUSE, an American statesman, died at New Haven, Ct., aged DECEMBER 30. 79. He took an active part in the revolution, and was eighteen years a member of 944 B. c. The winter solstice fell upon congress. He was entrusted with the con- this day, according to the marble, by the struction of the Farmington canal. table of Petavius; which places the period 1834. T. R. MALTHUS, an English writer of Homer thirty-seven years later. on political economy, died, His most 1535. The society of the Jesuits founded celebrated work is an Essay on Population, by Ignatius Loyola, a Spanish monk, who which has passed through many editions, entered into an agreement with five of his and been translated into various languages. fellow students to undertake the conver1836. DEBORAH TRIPP died at Pough- sion of unbelievers and a pilgrimage to keepsie, aged 10 years and six months, Jerusalem. From this small beginning it and weighing 360 pounds. A few years became a powerful society under the before, herself and a younger sister were energy and shrewd policy of its leaders, exhibited about the country for their ex- and was raised to a degree of historical traordinary fatness. The younger sister importance unparalleled in its kind. died two or three years previous. 1567. Bonhill field, the ancient burial 1837. WILLIAM MAVOR, a popular Eng- place of the dissenters, surveyed, "conlish author and compiler, died, aged 80. taining 23 acres, 1 rod and 6 poles; butHlis Voyages and Universal History, in 25 ting upon Chiswell street on the south, vols. each, are well known, and his English and on the north upon the highway that Spelling Book passed through between four leadeth from W~nlock's barn to the well and five hundred editions. called St. Agnes the Cleere." It was also 1837. Tho imperial palace at St. Peters- the common place of interment for the burg burnt, the weather at the time being victims of the great plague in 1665. Bun220 below zero. The palace was built in yan, Watts, Owen, De Foe, George Fox, the reign of Elizabeth, at a cost of upwards are among the distinguished men who of $5,000,000, and was the largest in Eu- rest there. Dec. 30.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 489 1568. The learned ROGER ASCHAM, died; fessor of philosophy in the English sometime tutor to queen Elizabeth, and college at Lisbon, died. He wrote various afterwards her Latin secretary. philosophical and critical works; though 1582. EMANUEL ALVAREZ died; a. Por- a learned man he was a very superstitious tuguese Jesuit, distinguished as a gram- character. marian. 1800. THOMAS DIMSDALE, an eminent 1596. EMANUEL DE SAA, a Portuguese English physician, died. His, celebrity Jesuit, died: professor of theology at was such that he was invited to the court Coimbra and at Rome, and author of seve- of Russia, where he inoculated the empress ral valuable works. Catharine and her son with small pox. 1644. JOHN BAPTIST VAN HELMONT, a 1809. AUGUSTUS FRANCIS JULIAN HERBIN physician of Brussels, died. He was a died; a native of France, distinguished as man of great learning in physic and natu- an oriental scholar. ral philosophy. His cures were so extra- 1813. Buffalo burnt. Fort George, or ordinary that he was brought before the Newark, in Upper Canada, having been inquision as a man that did things beyond wantonly burnt down by the American the reach of nature. He cleared himself troops, a part of the British army crossed of the inquisition, but to be more at liber- over from fort Erie, and utterly destroyed ty retired into Holland. the village of Buffalo, in retaliation. It 1655. Several persons wounded at the contained 100 houses. door of the parliament house, England, 1833. WILLIAM SOTHEBY, an English by a quaker, who pretended that he was poet and translator, died. His translainspired to slay all in the house. tions from Virgil and Homer rank in the 1661. Tjhe earl of Argyle committed to first class of that difficult and rarely sucEdinburgh castle for high treason. cessful branch of literature. 1688. The prince of Orange received 1834. The first reformed British parliathe sacrament to allay suspicions of his ment dissolved by royal proclamation. wishing to change the liturgy of the Eng- 1836. The plague continued to rage at lish church. Constantinople; having carried off during 1691. ROBERT BOYLE. the distinguished the summer and autumn no less than philosopher and chemist, died. He was 100,000 citizens. the seventh son and fourteenth child of 1837. An attack made by upwards of Richard, earl of Cork, and secured immor- 100 Canadian loyalists upon the American tal, fame by his writings and discoveries steamboat Caroline, lying in the Niagara, in experimental philosophy. at Schlosser, and of 34 Americans on 1695. SAMUEL MORLAND, though a great board 22 lost their lives. The boat was favorite with king Charles, died in pover- towed into the current, with part of the ty. He constructed an arithmetical ma- men on board, and precipitated down the chine. falls. 171. PETER DE VALLEMONT, a French 1853. JOHN AVERY PARKER, a distinecclesiastic, died; known by his Elements guished merchant and a millionaire, died of History, and other works. in New Bedford, Mass. 1730. JAMES SAuRIN, an eminent French 1853. The ship Staffordshire, captain divine and theological and controversial Richardson, from Liverpool to Boston, writer, died in Holland, where he took struck on a rock south of Seal island, and shelter from persecution. sunk, carrying down 177 of the passengers 1747. EDWARD HOLDSWORTH, an English and crew. poet, died. 1765. SAMUEL MADDEN, an Irish divine and dramatic poet, died. He instituted DECEMBER 31. the Dublin society, and set apart an annuity of ~100 to be distributed as premiums 71 B. c. POMPEY and CRASSUS triumph for improvements in the useful arts. at Rome. The former had closed the ten 1765. JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD (the Pre- years' war in Lusitania, and Crassus the tender), died at Rome. He was the son of revolt of Spartacus at home. Marcus LuJames II of England, who was compelled cullus triumphed the same year, bringing to abdicate by his want of discretion in with him the Thracian colossus of Apollo. the government. 192. Lucius AURELIUS COMMODUS, a dis1774. PAUL WVVHITEHEAD died; an Eng- sipated emperor of Rome, strangled, and lish poet of considerable eminence. Pertinax elected. It was in the reign of 1777. LEOPOLD MAXIMILIAN, elector of this emperor, A. D. 190, that the Capitoline Bavaria, died. The succession to his do- library at Rome was destroyed. minions occasioned a war between Ger- 406. The Huns, 100,000 strong, entered many and Prussia. Gaul, and laid desolate her seventeen 1781. JOHN TUBERVILLE NEEDSAM, pro- luxurious provinces with havoc and flame, 62 490 EVERY DAY BOOK. [Dec. 31. from the banks of the Rhine to the Py- 1775. Assault of the American forces renaean mountains. under Montgomery and Arnold on Quebec. 535. The acquisition of Sicily from the Montgomery was killed in advancing upon Goths. Belisarius entered Syracuse in the barrier, at the head of the New York triumph, a city which once embraced 22 troops, and Arnold's division, after a desmiles. perate engagement, in which the Ameri1384. JOHN WICKLIFFE died; professor cans sustained the whole force of the of divinity in the university of Oxford, garrison three hours were compelled to and father of the reformation of the Eng- surrender themselves prisoners of war,!ish church from popery. They lost 100 killed, 300 taken. 1460. Battle of Wakefield, in England; 1781. HENRY LAURENS, ambassador from the duke of York and 3000 of his followers the United States to France, liberated from slain. the tower of London in exchange for gene1563. CHARLESDE CoSSE died; a French ral Burgoyne. general of great military talents, and em- 1791. JOHN ELLIS, a London scrivner, ployed also as a diplomatist. died; the last of that ancient profession. 1583. THOMAS ERASTUS, a celebrated He was an alderman of London nearly German physician and divine, died. He half a century, and was besides a man of wrote several works on philosophy, physic literature, whose conversation was highly and divinity; but is chiefly memorable extolled by Dr. Johnson. for his work on excommunication, in 1792. The quantity of gold coined at which he denies the power of the church, the royal mint of Mexico this year was and affirms its censures to be incapable of $969,430; of silver, $23,225,611; total, extending beyond the present life. $24,195,C41; the largest sum which had 1600. The East India company estab- been coined there since the conquest of lished by a charter from Elizabeth, granted the country. to the earl of Cumberland and 215 knights, 1793. THOMAS JEFFERSON resigned the aldermen and merchants. The original office of secretary of state to the United capital was ~22,000, divided into shares States. of ~50. 1796. The thermometer 40 below zero 1616. JAMES LE MAIRE died at sea in in London. Several persons were frozen to returning with the Dutch navigator, death. Schouten. In this voyage, the straits that 1799. JOHN FRANCIS MARMONTEL, a bear his name were discovered, between French novelist, died. He was admired Staaten Land and Terra del Fuego. for the vigor and delicacy of his writings, 1620. Era of the first settlement of New but was allowed to pass his last days in a England. It being sabbath, they kept the state of retirement bordering on want. day for the first time in their new house, 1811. Tariffa, near Gibraltar, attacked and in grateful remembrance of the friends by the French, who were repulsed with they found in the last town they left in great loss by the British under colonel their native country, they called it Ply- Skerritt. mouth. 1812. United States frigates President 1674. Battle of Mulhausen, in Alsace, and Congress returned to Boston after an in which the French marshal Turenne de- active cruise of three months, during feated the Austrians. which they passed over a space of about 1679. JOHN ADOLPHUS BORELLI, a dis- 8000 miles without meeting an adventure tinguished philosopher and mathemati- to test the courage and discipline of their cian, of Naples, died; author of thirteen crews. They, however, captured two treatises in Italian and Latin. British vessels, one laden with $300,000 1704. The peak of Teneriffe formed a specie and gold dust, the other with oil. lateral eruption in the plain de los In- 1816. Deaths in Boston this year, 904; fantes, preceded by tremendous earth- in Paris, 19,992. quakes. 1820. JOSEPH LATHROP, an; American 1718. JOHN FLAMSTEAD, an eminent clergyman, died. His publications were English astronomer, died. He formed a more numerous and highly esteemed than new catalogue of the fixed stars, contain- those of any contemporary theologian in ing about three thousand. American. 1762. MARY COLLYER died; the trans- 1826. WILLIAM GIFFORD, an English lator of Gessner's poem of the Death of.bel. poet and reviewer, died. He rose from a 1771. CHRISTIAN ADOLPHUS KLOTZ, pro- shoemaker's bench to an editor's stool fessor of philosophy at Gbttingen, died. where he acquired fame and fortune. He He distinguished himself by his Latin was a very good poet and critic, but a poems, his numismatic treatises, his works poor shoemaker. on the study of antiquity, and on the 1832. Insurrection of the slaves in Javalue and mode of using ancient gems. maica. More than 150 plantations were Dec. 31.] EVERY DAY BOOK. 491 destroyed, and the loss of property was 1840. PRENTISS MELLEN, chief justice of estimated at more than four millions of Maine, died at Portland, aged 77. The dollars. About 2000 negroes are supposed first eleven volumes of the Maine Reports to have been killed. are a monument of his legal discrimina1835. Battle of Withlacoochie; about tion, great familiarity with practice, and 250 United States troops and milit a en- high sense of justice. gaged 300 Seminole Indians. Of the lat- 1846. JAMES COCHRAN died at Batavia, ter 40 were killed; of the former, 4 killed, Genesee co., N. Y., aged 83. To him the 59 wounded. world owes the invaluable invention of 1839. HYACINTHE LOUIS DE QUELEN, making cut nails, yet he died poor. archbishop of Paris, died. At the revolu- 1849. Hudson river rail road opened to tion of 1830 his adherence to the Bourbons Poughkeepsie. incensed the mob to level the archiepisco- 1852. AMos LAWRENCE, a wealthy and pal palace to the ground, by which he leading Boston merchant, died, aged 77. was reduced to poverty. He was a man His charities amounted to several hundred of distinguished talents and learning. thousands of dollars. INDEX. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO NAMES OF PERSONS. Aagaard, Christian, 54. Achrelius, E. D., 154. Ainsworth, R., 133. Alfonso V, 236. Aaron died, 256. Ackerman, J. C., 97. Airault, Peter, 286. Alfonso X, 159. Aba of Hungary, 262 Ackerman, R., 45, 126. Airth, laird, 447. Algardi, Alex., 226. Abancourt, de, 355. Ackland, Harriet, 286. Aitken. James, 95. Algarotti, Francis, 203. Abauzit, Firmin, 110. Ackerblad, J. D., 60. Akenside, Mark, 246. Ali, Mehemet, 34,225,303. Abbaddie, James, 373. Acoluth. Andrew, 426. Alaric. 334. Ali pacha, 56. Abbas pasha, 277'. Ada Augusta, 451. Alava, D. E., 106. Alix, Peter, 78. Abbasah, 384. Adair, Robert, 386. Albani, Alex., 458. Allainval, d', 176. Abascal, J. F.. 254. Adalbero, 34, 83. Albano, Francis, 386. Allan, David, 138. Abbot, Abiel, 251. Adalbert, 162, 170, 240. Albany, countess, 44. Allegri, Antonio, 93. Abbot, Benj., 412. Adalbert of Bremen, 106. Albecola, Francis, 318. Allegri, Gregorio, 73. Abbot. Charles, 185, 435. Adam, A. C., 179, 290. Albemarle, dlke, 13, 260. Allein, Richard, 480. Abbot, Francis, 227. Adam, Alex., 476. Alberoni, Julio, 249. Allen, Ethan, 66, 213, 375. Abbot, George, 53 306. Adam, N. S., 120. Albers, H. W. M., 91. Allen, lieut., 321. Abbot, Maurice, 22. Adam, Robert, 92. Albert, Baron, 423. Allen, Moses, 59. Abbot, Robert, 90. Adam, Wm., 73. Albert of Brunswick,321. Allen, Paul, 328. Abbot. Samuel, 173. Adami, Adam, 89. Albert, Charles, 115, 225. Allen, Thomas. 381, 394. Abdullah. historian, 154. Adams, C. B., 33. Albert I, 174. Allen, Wm., 412. Abd-el-Malek, 29. Adams, Hannah, 473. Albert, Stephen, 358. Alliniegoli, H., 448. Abdullah, chief, 251. Adams, J., 44. Albertus,'245. Alley, Saul, 407. Abdullatif, 427. Adams, John, 261. Albinus, B., 463. Alley, Win., 150. Albdulmalik, 385. Adams, J. Q., 81. Albinus, B. S., 355. Alleyn, Edward, 448. Abdulmumen, 329. Adams, Joseph, 241. Albinus, D. C., 75. Allum, Schah, 437. Abdulwahab, 233. Adams, Samuel, 230, 385. Albuanez, president, 307. Ally, Hyder, 133. Abdurahman, 70. Adams, Thomas, 82. Albuquerque, duke, 76. Ally, Vizier, 26. Abdurrahman, 442. Adamson, John, 378. Albuquerque, A., 474. Almeida, F., 433. Abdurrahman I. 381. Adanson, Michael, 304. Alcazaba sailed, 370. Almedia, M. d', 186. Abdurrahman IT, 326. Adauror, 424. Alcide captured, 223. Alonzo II, 93. Abdurrahman IV, 61. Addison, Joseph, 236. Alcock, lohn, 383. Alonzo III. 70. Abeel, H. N., 138. Adelaide, queen, 458. Alcuin, 456. Alphonso I, 462. Abeille. Gaspard, 200. Adelung, J. C., 357. Alculnus, Flaccus, 197. Alphonso If, 119. Abela, G. F., 179. Ader, Michob, 10. Alden, Judah, 91. Alphonso III, 478. Abel Caspar, 22. Adolphus Frederick II, Aldhem, 205. Alphonso IV, 208. Abel, Charles F., 241. 64. Aldobrandi, Hip., 93. Alphonso V, 334. Abel, Clarke, 447. Adolphus killed, 257. Aldrich, Henry, 471. Alphonso VI, 359. Abel, Thomas, 298. Adrian died, 269. Aldrovand, U., 179 Alphonso X, 132. Abelard, Peter, 159. Adrian I, 484. Alegambe, Philip, 751. Alpini, Prospero, 54. Abelly, Louis, 386. Adrian IV, 344. Alemanni, Lewis, 155. Alsop, Anthony, 226. Abercrombie, 262. Adrian VI, 361. Alembert, d', 416. Alsop, Richard, 329. Abercromby, Alex., 438. Adrian, Pub. jElius, 39. Ales, Alex., 106. Alsop, Vincent, 184. Abercromby, R., 122. Adrian, Robert, 315. Alexander great, 136, 220, Alston. Washington, 269. Abernethy, John, 156. iElfrid, 482. 434. Altenkirken, 218. Abington, 93. XEmillus, Paulus, 180. Alexander, II, pope, 159. Altilg, Mensen, 302. Abraham, call of, 383. Affray, L. A. P., 235, 262. Alexander, III, pope,'341. Alton, Richard, 469. Ablram, Nicholas, 352. Afzelius, John, 210. Alexander,IV, pope. 205. Alva, duke of, 34. Abrantes, duke, 296. Agar, pedestrian, 139. Alexander, V, pope, 177. Alvarez, Emanuel, 489. Abrantes, J. M., 64. Agard, Arthur, 331. Alexander, VI., pope, 310. Alvarez, F., 146, 289. Abrial, A. J., 435. Agathocles, 287, 321. Alexander, VII, pope,201. Alvarez, Jose, 450. Abrogast, L. F. A., 140. Agesilaus, 262. Alexander, VIII.pope, 45. Amadeus, Victor, 401,417. Abschatz, H. A. von, 161. Agricola, C. J., 334. Alexander of Russia, 18, Amalasontha, 172. Abu Abdillah, 298 Agricola, George, 443. 27, 273, 457. Amboise~ A d', 427. Abubekir, 289, 332. Agricola, R. 414. Alexander of Scotland, Amboise, Bussy d', 327. Abulfeda, Ismael, 412. Agrippa, Herod, 302, 309, 205.' Amboise, G. d', 205. Acapulco galleon, 234. 364. Alexander I of Scotland Ambrose, 132. Acciaguoli, Filippo, 51. Agrippa, M., 169, 465. 20, 167. Ambrose of Portico, 407. Accoramboni V, 480. Agrippina died, 403. Alexander, III, Scot., 104. Ames, Fisher, 261. Acerbi, Enrico, 484. Agrippina, mother of Alexander, Wm., 27. Ames, Joseph, 390. Achard, F. C., 158. Nero, 435. Alexander, Wm., (poet) Ames, Nathaniel, 32. Acharius, Erik, 321. Aignan, Stephen, 246. 64. Ames, N. P., 163. Achenwall, G., 175, 406. Aikin, John, 464. Alexandria, Bishop, 482. Amherst, general, 306. Acheri, Luc d', 171. Aikman. Alex., 265. Alfieri, Victor, 385. Amherst, Nicholas, 168. Achmet III, 245. Aikman, Win., 222. Alfred of England, 414. Amidas and Barlow, 260. Achmet IV, 139. Ailly, Peter d', 310. [Alfonso of Arragon, 352. Amontons, Wi., 396. 494 INDEX. Amort, E., 448. Ariosto died, 220, 267. Austen, Jane, 283. Bannier, John, 186. Amru, Abba'd Abu, 122. Arista, general, 17. Austin, John, 484. Baratier, J. P., 388. Amurath II, 63. Aristotle, 384. Austria, queen, 453. Barbaroux, Charles, 248. Amyrault, LOores, 89. Arius, dogmas of, 274. Auteroche, J. C. de, 300. Barbauld, A. L., 98. Amyote, lames, 56. Arkwright, Richard, 304. Avantio, J. M., 90. Barber, John, 12. Anastasius I, 268, 471. Arland, J. A., 205. Averianus, J., 372. Barberini, Mafieo, 297. Anaxagoras, 394. Arlandes, d', 444. Axtel executed, 405. Barbeyrac, Jean, 162. Anchises, 46. Armagh,archbishop, 112. Aylett, Elizabeth, 374. Barbie-du-Bocage, 487. Ancillon, Chas., 262. Armfelt, 328. Aylmer. John, 216. Barbour, James, 224. Ancillon, David, 347. Arminius, 404. Ayres, Dr., 20. Barbour, Philip, 84. Ancillon, M., 158. Armistead. W. K., 398. Ayscough, S., 417. Barca, Pedro de la, 205. Ancour, J. B. d', 360. Armstrong, Arch, 129. Azelius, Adam, 45. Barclay, Robert, 385. Ancourt, d', 463. Armstrong (poet), 352. Azevedo, Ignatius, 278. Barculo, Seward, 237. Anderson, Andrew, 432. Armstrong, John, 130. Azir, F. V. d', 241. Barchmann, 133. Anderson, Chr., 74. Armstrong, S. T., 119. Baber, died, 484, Barbo Peter, 292. Anderson, Edmund, 300. Armstrong, Robt., 83. Babeuf, 187. Barebones, 260. Anderson, George, 173. Arnaud, Francis, 458. Babington, A., 369. Barentzoon, Wm., 219. Anderson, James, 400. Arnauld, Ant., 312. Babington, Gervase, 194. Barenzano, R.,481. Andersdn, Joseph, 155. Arnauld, Henry, 223. Bacchus, 167. Baretti, Joseph, 180. Andre, major, 315, 370, Arne, T. A., 94. Bacciocchi, Eliz., 310. Baring, Alex., 189. 373, 384. Arnold, Benedict, 17, 18, Bach, J. S., 298. Barker, Christopher, 453. Andreini, Isabella, 226. 27, 33, 41, 173, 233, 320, Bache, G. M., 354. Barlow and Amidas, 226. Andrew, James, 232. 428. Bachi, Pietro, 332. Barlow, Capt., 22. Andrew, martyr, 454. Arnold, Mrs. Benedict, Bacon, Francis, 36, 109, Barlow, Joel, 485. Andrews, Eusebius, 331. 339. 120, 141, 177, 480. Barlowe William, 205. Andrews, Henry, 41. Arnold, John, 336. Bacon, John, 306. Barnard, Simon, 169. Andrews, J. P., 309. Arnold, 8amuel, 408. Bacon, Nicholas, 76. Barnave, 453. Andrews Lancelot, 375. Arogemena, Justo, 279. Bacon, Roger, 227. Barnes, Joshua, 304. Andros, (ov., 156, 478. Arrowsmith, A., 163. Badcock, Samuel, 198. Barnes, Thomas, 183. Angelis, Dom. de, 312. Artedi, Peter, 370. Sadger, William, 371. Barnet, com., 40, 171. Angeloth, 415. Arthur, prince, 21L Bage, Robert, 345. Barneveldt, J. Van O., Angelus, Isaac, 283. Artois, count, 59, 147, Bagford, John, 192 149, 190. Angely, St. Jean d', 97. 153. Bagot, Charles, 197. Barney, Charles, 487. Angerstein, J. J., 37. Arundel, earl, 361. Bailey, Francis, 342. Barney, Lewis, 29. Anglas, Boissy d', 406. Arundel, Thomas, 76, 85. Bailey, Nathan, 250. Baron Bonaventura, 107. Anglesey, marquis, 170. Arusmont, mad. d', 472. Baillie, Joana, 51, 81. Baron, Michael, 480. Anhalt-Bernberg, prince, Ascbam, Anthony, 220. Baillie, Matthew, 373. Baronius, Casar, 254. 117. Ascham, Roger, 14, 489. Bailly, J. S., 431, 432. Barral, Peter, 286. Anich, Peter, 344. Ascough, William, 253. Bainbridge, Chris., 275. Barras, 44. Aniello, Thomas, 265,279. Ash, John, 171. Bainbridge, John, 42'2. Barre, colonel, 258. Anjou, duke of;, 278. 369. Ashburton, lord, 189,336. Bainbridge, Wm., 295. Barrelier, James, 365. Ankerstroem, 105, 168. Ashley, William, 119. Baird, David, 327. Barrere. 134. Anne of Austria, 18. Ashmole, Ellias, 40, 197. Baius, Michael, 364. Barrie, Capt., 24, 25. Anne of Bretagne, 21. Ashmun, J. H., 130. Bajazet I, 97 (See Baya- Barriere broken, 337. Anne of Cleves, 18,278, Askew, Anne, 279. zid). Barrington, D., 103. 310. Astley, Phihp, 406. Bake, John, 345. Barrington, Samuel, 324. Anne of Cyprus, 431. Aspasia, 394. Baker, David, 312. Barrow, Isaac, 179. Anne, queen, 12,35,90,300. Aspinwall, Wmin., 153. Baker, Henry, 448. Barsilius, 9. Anne of Russia, 402. Assas, N. de, 401. Baker. Richard, 73. Barstead, John, 153. Annebaut, C. d', 421. Assernanni, S., 141. Baxer, Thomas, 219, Barth, John, 168. Annesley, Arthur, 137. Astle, Thomas, 457. Baker, Thomas, 258. Barthe, Paul de la, 181. Anquetil du Perron. 351. Astor, J. J., 124. Bakewell, Robert, 383. Barthelemi, J. J., 173. Anselm, 159. Astrea, authoress, 153. Balbi, Adrian, 165. Barthez, P. J., 400. Anson, George, 218, 221, Astruc, John, 192. Balbinus murdered, 277. Bartholine, Thomas, 424, 234, 260. Atahualpa attacked, 231. Balboa, N. de., 32, 375. 460. Anstey, Christopher, 304. Athanasius, 175. Balchen, John, 392. Bartlett, Ichabod, 406. Anstis, John, 92. Atherton, C. H., 21. Baldock, R. de, 289. Bartolozzi, Lucia E., 311. Anthemius. 271. Atkins, James, 414. Baldwin, Archb., 442. Barquin, A. de, 479. Anthony, Francis, 206. Atkyns, Richard, 361. Baldwin, Henry, 160. Barrat., Capt., 25. Anthony, James, 34. Atterbury, Francis, 68, Baldwin, I., 138. Barry, James, 80. Anthony of Navarre,438. 165, 207. Balclwin, I., 150. Barry, Joseph, 245. Anthony of Portugal,176. Atticus, T. P., 126. Baldwin, M., 121. Barry, Wm. T., 342. Antiochus Epiph., 472. Atwood, Thomas, 116. Baldwin, Samuel, 199. Bartlett, Josiah, 198. Antoinette, M~1., 160, 302. Auchmuty, S., 316. Bales, Peter, 314. Bartlett, William, 51. Antomarchi, 132. Audley, James, 129. Balguy, John, 370. Barton, B. Smith, 477. Antonides, John, 367. Audley, lord, 372. Baliol, John, 168, 257, Barton, Elizabeth, 158. Antoninus, triuInph, 481. Audley, Thomas, 172. 374, 398, 437 454 84. Barundia, Jose, 307. Antoninus, M. A., 105. Auerswald, major, 365. Ball, John, 77, 234. Basedow, J. B., 291. Antonii, Nicolae, 148. Auger, Athanase, 58;. Ballantine, John, 235. Baskerville, John, 20, 31. Antonio of Portugal, 337. Augereau, Gen., 50. Ballon, Hosea, 223. Baskerville, Simon,'262. Antony, Marc, 143. Augereau, general, 231. Ballynahinch, 230. Basnage, Henry, 123. Antrim, 222. Augusta, Charlotte, 424. Balmerino, Arthur, 326. Basnage, James, 480. Ammirati, Scipio, 45. Augustenburgh, 171. Balsam, Hugh, 124. Bassi, Laura, 77. Ampere, J. M., 227. Augustine, 206. Baltimore, lord, 151. Bassompiere, F. de, 146, Appleton, Sam'l, 272. 4ugustinus, Aur., 339. Baluze, Stephen, 296. 397. Aquinas, Thomas, 95. Augustus Caesar, 54, 94, Balzac, 73. Bast,. J., 436. Aram, Eugene, 308. 131, 327. Ban Jellachich, 386. Bastard, Thomas, 157. Arbuthnot, admiral, 105. Augustus, Ernst, 51. Bancroft, Richard, 421. Bastwick, pilloried, 232. Arbuthnot, John, 86. Augustus, F., 48. Banezet, Anthony, 178. Bate, George, 157. Archidamus, 302. Augustus, Frederick,315. Banier, Anthony, 441. Bateman, Christop'r, 18. Arcon, J. C. d', 257. Augustus III, 388. Banin, John, 306. Bates, Joshua, 27. Areton, C., 483. Aungerville, R., 149, 164. Banks, John, 157. Bates, William, 275. Argal returned, 428. Aurelianus, 39. Banks, Joseph, 240. Bathe, William, 236. Argyle, marquis,208, 236, Aurelius, Marcus, 358. Banks, Thomas, 50. Bathurst, A. 364. 489. Aurungzebe, 35. Bannatyne, W. M., 455. Bathurst, Henry, 136. INDEX. 495 Bathurst, Ralph, 232. Belisarius at Syracuse, Bernard, P. J., 419. Blair, John, 247. Batterman, George, 13. 490. Bernard, Samuel, 31. Blair, Robert, 53. Batteux, Charles, 276. Belknap. Jeremy, 241. Bernard of Weimar, 267.'Blake, J. B., 437. Batthayanyi, L., 391. Belknap, Wm. G., 430. Bernardi, John, 369. Blake, J. L., 265. Battie, William, 231. Bell, Andrew, 42. Berni, Francisco, 206. Blake, Robert, 158, 324. Battishall, Jon., 467. Bell, Andrew, 218. Bernier, Francis, 371, Blake, Thos. L., 452. Baudius, Dom., 231. Bell, Charles, 156. Bernini, G. L., 451.. Blake, William, 318. Baudrand, M. A., 210. Bell, John, 86. Bernis, F. J. de P., 421. Blanchard, aeronaut, 21. Bavaria, elector, 85. Bell, traveler, 16, 101, Bernanilli, Danlel, 106. Blanchilande, de, 151. Bawdween. WmI., 362. 195, 257, 275, 278. Bernouilli, Jas. XI 259. Blanche, queen, 456. Baxter, Andrew, 162. Bell, surgeon, 152, 189. Bernouilli, Jas. II, 275. Bland, John, 35. Baxter, George, 165. Bell, John, 455. Bernouilli, John, 10. Blandford, marquis, 237. Baxter, Jonathan, 325. Bell, Robert, 364. Bernstorf, A. P., 243. Blane, Gilbert, 249. Baxter, Richard, 464. Bellamont, earl, 93, 130, Beroldus, Philip, 291. Bleecker, Harm., 284. Baxter, William, 213. 238. Berresford. captain 105. Bligh, lieut., 170. Bayazid II, 206 (See Ba- Bellamy, G. A., 69. Berresfvrd, W. C., 21. Block, M. E., 309. jazet). Bellarmin, Robert, 365. Berri, due de, 66, 68. Bloemart, Samuel, 469. Bayle, Peter, 486. Bellay, John du, 70. Berruyer, J. I., 74. Bloomfield, Robert, 328. Baylen, duke, 374. Belleau, Remi, 94. Berry, C. C., 245. Blondel, David, 137. Bayley, John, 395. Bellegarde, Gen., 96. Berry, Mary, 444. Blondel, Francis, 48. Bayleys, John, 133. Bellegarde, J. B. M. de, Berry, Nat haniel, 332. Blount, Henry, 393. Baylies, H., 167. 166. Berry, William, 258. Blount, T. P., 254. Bayly, T. H., 161. Bellenger, F., 146. Berthier, Alex., 215. Blount, Thomas, 484. Baynes, John, 304. Bellhaven, lord, 429. Berthier massacred, 286. Blowers, S. S., 411. Bays, G., 156. Bellievre, Pompone de, Berthier, W. F., 473. Blucher, 80, 426. Beale, John, 319. 355. Bertholon, Gaspard, 274. Blumenbach, J. F., 37. Beale, Mary, 486. Bellin, J. N., 112. Berti, J. L., 206. Blue Beard, 483. Beard. John, 55.' Bellini, 33. Berton, P. M. le, 191. Blum shot, 429. Beatnifle, R., 269. Bellini, L., 20. Bertram, William, 288. Blunt, N. B., 280. Beaton, David, 210. Bellingham, R., 463. Bertrand, J. B., 357. Bluydeuburge, J., 45. Beaton, James, 164. Bellisle chevalier, 267. Berulle, Peter, 384. Blythe, lieut., 350. Beattie, James, 326. Beloe, William, 145. Berwick, duke of, 230. Boaden, James, 71. Beattie, J. H., 441. Belloi, du, 94. Bessieres, J. B., 175. Boccaccio, 479. Beatty, John, 212. Beltz, G. F., 409. Bethune, M. de, 479. Boccage, M. A. le P. du, Beau, Charles C., 101. Belzoni, J. B., 459. Betterton,Thos., 139, 169. 408. Beauchamp, j. de, 441. Bem, general, 466. Bettinelli, Xavier, 360. Boccaliqi, Trajan, 437. Beauchamp, R. de, 162, Benavides, 81. Beveridge, Wm., 94. - Boccold, John, 246. 172. Benbow, John, 327, 334, Bewick, John, 462. Bochart, Samuel, 181. Beaufort, Henry, 144. 423. Bewick, Thomas, 428. Bocher, Joan, 176. Beauguard, Fr., 234. Bencirenni, 299. Bexon, Scipio, 69. Bochius, John, 25. Beauharnois, Alex., 289. Bendlowes, E., 475. Bey, Ali, 160. Bodisco, Alex. de, 39. Beauharnois, Eugene N., Benedict I, 298. Beza, Theodore, 398. Bodley, Thomas, 43. 31, 79, 218. Benedict II, 184. Bezout, Stephen, 378. Bodoni, 443, 454. Beauharnois, Francois, Benedict V, 262. Bianohini, F., 90. Boehmen, Jacob, 439. 22. Benedict VII, 269. Bichat, M. F. X., 287. Boerhaave, 373. Beaumarchais, P. A. C. Benedict VIII, 269. Biddle, Comn. 71, 95. Boethius, 338, 409. de, 164. Benedict XI, 263. Biddle James, 384. Bogan, Abraham, 233. Beaumont, admiral, 449. Benedict XII, 165. Biddle Nicholas, 86. Bogdanovitch, 465. Beaumont, F., 97. Benedict XIII, 18, 78. Biddulph, T. T., 198. Bohemian king, 334, 453. Beaumont, de, 176. Benedict XIV, 184. Bigelow, Harwin, 451. Boiardo, M. M., 76. Beaurain, J. de, 63. Benger, E. O., -21. Bigelow Timothy, 197. Boileau, D. N., 90. Beausejour, 235. Beni, Paul, 262. Bigg, John, 129. Boileau, James, 300. Beauvais, de, 35. Beningsen, L. A., 386. Bignon, Jerome, 138. Boindin, N. 454. Beccaria, C. B., 453. Bennett, Bartlett, 397. Bignon, L. E., 20. Boisard, J. J., 416. Beccaria, J. B., 45. Bennet, C. P., 186. Bilfinger, G. B., 74. Bojardo, M. M., 478. Beccara, J. B., 202. Bennet, Chris., 172. Billiard, count de, 42. Baleyn, Anne, 40,198,214. Beche, H. T. de la, 149. Benoit, 372. Bilson, Thomas, 238. 223. Beck, general, 329. Benserade, Isaac, 405. Bingham, Joseph, 194. Boleyn, George, 194. Beck, L. C., 160. Bentham, James, 438. Binckley, Adam, 88. Bolingbroke, 436, 473. Beck, T. R., 442. Bentham, Jeremy, 221. Bioernstahl, 273. Bolingbroke, Roger, 291. Beck, queen, 258. Bentham, Thomas, 75. Birch, Enoch, 249. Bolivar, 309, 310, 475. Becker, F. W., 244. Bentinck, lord, 121. Birch, Thomas, 21. Bollandus, John, 359. Becket, Thomas, 216, 272. Bentinck, William, 446. B irdseye, Nathan, 43. Bolton, Robert, 449, 475. 397, 437, 487. Bentinck, general, 237. Bird, William, 260. Bonaparte, 21, 25, 28, 49 Beckford, William, 242. Bentivoglio, Grey, 352. Birkenhead, John, 460. 50,62, 81, 86, 95, 101, 111, Beckford, William, 177. Bentley, Richard, 276. Biron, A. G. de, 293. 113, 130, 132, 134, 136, Beckingham, Charles, 74. Benwell, William, 351. Biron, C. G. de, 299. 144, 147, 170, 176, 178, Beddoes, Thomas, 483. Benyowski killed, 203. Bishop, Bridget,-226. 179, 1O0, 183, 197, 200, Bede, ihe venerable, 206. Beranger, P. J. de, 280, Bishop, printer, 377. 210 227, 235. 244, 248, Bedell, William 58. 1 468. Bishop, H. R., 173. 279, 280, 303, 306, 322, Beder, Sidne7, 215. Bergler, Nicholas, 363. Bishop, R. H., 172. 335, 387, 398, 399, 404, Bedford, Arthur. 363. Bergier, N. S., 141. Bisset, Robert, 191. 405, 428, 429, 435, 459, Bedford, duke of, 360. Bergman, Torbern, 267. Black, Joseph, 449. 464, 466, 473, 474, 476, Bedford, duke of, 286. Beritas, Malibran de, 373 Blackborn, S., 91. 480, 483. Bedford, Hilkiab, 412. Berkeley, William, 274. Blackhawk, 386. Bonaparte, Chas., 82. Bedloe, William, 329. Berkenhout, J., 132. Blackhoof, 384. Bonaparte, F. C. J., 288. Beethoven, L. von, 127. Berkley, Carter, 422. Blacklock, Thomas, 266. Bonaparte, Jerome, 324. Begon, Michael, 102. Berkley, George, 26. Blackman, E., 423, 461. Bonaparte, Joseph, 69, Behn, Aphara, 153. IBerkley, John, 86. Blackmore, Richard, 392. 108, 125, 221, 235. Behring, Vltus,422, 464. Berlichingen, G. von, Blackstone, Wm., 67. Bonaparte, Louis, abdiBekker, Balt., 228. 288. Blackwell. Alex., 297,312. cated, 257. Bel, Mathias, 340. Bernadotte, 40, 97, 107, Blackwell, Thomas, 96. Bonaparte, Lucien, 219, Belidor, B. F. de, 354. 143. Blackwood, Wm., 365. 251, 476. Bylin, J. D. 356. Bernard, Francis, 75. Blagrave, John, 312. Bonaparte, L. N., 309. Belisarius, 101. Bernard, John, 340. Blair, Hugh, 486. (See Napoleon.) 496 INDEX. Bonaparte, Madame, 52. Bowdoin, James, 425. Brook, Robert, 109. Bull, George, 72. Bond, John, 304. iBowenl, Charles, 477. Brooke at Borneo, 374. IBuller, Francis, 218. Bond, Shadrach, 149. Bowits, Rezin, P., 30. Brooke, Eleazer, 429. Bullet, J. B., 351. Bond, Thomas, 119. Bowles, Caroline, 235.'Brooke, Frances, 33. Bullialdus, I, 448. Bonet, TheophIlus, 123. Bowles, James, 3-22, 424. Brooke, Henry, 395. Bullilger, Henlly, 365. Bonfadius,.James, Z9j. Boroyer, Archlbald, 346. Brooke, Robert, 285. Bullner, Win., 356. Boniface of Montferrat, Bowyer, Win., 439. Brooker, Win., 479. Bulow, F. W., 84.'316. iBoyce, Wm., 61. Brooks, James G., 77. Bumby, Mrs., 139. Bolniface II, 427. Boydell. John, 469. Brooks, P. S., 202, 263. Bulch, Samuel, 350. Bonifface III, 397, 432. Boyer, claude, 287. Broome, John, 311. Bwl)yai, John, 343. Bonneau, general, 34. 1 ov:lr. J. B., 133. Broome, Win., 437.:unyan, Robert, 451. Bonnefoy, Edmund, 59. jBoyle, Charles, 339. Broschi, Carlo, 364. Buonarottl, 71. Bonnet, 14. lBo^yle, Richarcd, 363. Brosses, Charles de, 183. Buoncompagno. 144. Bonnell, 46. iBoyle, Robert, 19. Brotier, Gabriel, 65. Burbeck, H., 38;5. Boiiner, Edmund, 349. Boyle,Robert, 49. Broughtoi, Hugh, 306. Buirder, George. 210. Bonnet, Charles, 199. Boyle, Roger. 401. Brouncker, Win., 135. Bure, Win. de, 278. Bonneval, count, 14. Boy ston, Zabdiel, 89. Broughtol, Ttos., 479. Burgeoise, Margaut, 69. Bonnycastle, J., 193. Boyse, Samuel. 195. Broussolet, P. A.M.,295. Burger, G. A., 10, 224. Bonomi, Joseph, 105. Bozzaris (See Botzaris). Brown, C. B., 80.;Burgess, Thomas, 76. Bonosus, pope, 298. Brackenlidge, H.H., 246. Brownl, generall. 339. Burgess, Tristram, 398. Bonuplalld, A., 0.. Bradford, Alden, 413. Brown, Henry, 3b6, 379. Burgh, James, 337. Bonstettenl, C. V. de, 52. Braddock, defeat, 268. Brown, Jacob, 83. Bulrgoyne, Jolln, 205, 218, Bontems, Madame, 156. Bradtord, A., 480. Brown, James, 99, 139. 298, 305, 402, 490. Bontius, Gerard, 363. Bradford burnt, 256. Brown, John, 391. Burgundy, duke, 74,168. Bonzaniga, G., 476. Bradford, Tlhos., 133. Brown, Launcelot, 57. Burgundy, Philip, 233. Booker, general, 53. Bradford, Wmin., 68, 203. Brown, Moses, 360. Burnham, John, 153. Boone, Daniel, 58, 110, Bradford, Gov., 185. iBrown~.Nichols, 378. Burigny, de, 392. 129, 328. Bradford, poet, 333. iBrown, Thomas, 405. Burke, Edmund, 15, 268. Booth, Barton, 186. Bradford, Col., 375, Brown, Wm., 285. Burleigh, lady, 133. Boott, Kirk, 145. Bradley, James, 274. Browne,Christopher,212. Burlley, lord, 306. Bora, Cath. yon, 485. Bradshaw, John, 45, 417, Browne, James, 152. Burman, Peter, 110. Borda, Jean Charles, 75. 464. Browne, J. H., 67. Buml, Richard, 443. Borden, Theophilus, 447. Brady, Nicholas, 199. Browne, J. K., 234. Burnet, Gilbert, 106. Borde, J. B. de Ia, 267. BBragatnza, duke, 443, 456. Browne, Peter, 372. Burnet, Thomas, 377. Borelli, J. A., 490. Braham, John, 73. Browne, Wm., 98. Burnet, Wm., 365. Borghese, C. P.., 186. Brahe, Tycho, 133, 330, Browning, Lynthia, 299. Burnett, James, 206. Borgia, Caesar, 9. 409, 431. Brownrig, Ralph, 463. Burnett, W. J., 257. Borgia, Roderick, 310. Brainerd, D., 393. Bruat, admiral, 449. Burney, Charles, 147. Borgia, Stephen, 446. Brainerd, J. G. C., 377. Bruce, Edward, 26, 205. Burney, Miss, 19. Borlase, Win., 343. Braithwaite, 480. Bruce, foray, 289. Burns, Anthony, 207. Borowlaski, 350. Bramah, Joseph, 466. Bruce, Michatel, 264. Burns, Robert, 40, 286. Borrorneo, F., 371. Bramhall. John, 247. Bruce, David, 402. Burr, Aaron, 57, 271, 362. Boscawen, Edwvard, 22. Brand, John, 355. B, uce, Robert, 119, 221. Burr, Pres., 374. Boscawen, Wm., 182. Brandenburg,Albert,358. Bruce, traveler, 70, 168, Burroughs. George, 327. Boscovitch, J. R., 65. Bratdenbur~g,elector,171. 438. Burrows, Wm., 350, 351. Bose, Baron de, 400. Bratidon, Richard, 241. Brucker, James, 36. Burt, Francis, 404. Boss, Lambert, 14. Brandt,, count, 169. Brueys wounded, 300. Burtonl, John, 63. Bossut, Charles, 27. Brant, Sebastian, 176. Bruguieres, J. W. 383. Burton pilloried, 232. Bossuet, J. B., 146. Braschi, J. A., 341. Brunmmell, beau, 173. Burton, Robert, 40. Bost, L. A. G., 271. Brantome, Peter, 262. Brunel, Isambard, 470. Burton, Wm., 137. Boston bay, 233. Brathwaite, R., 179. Bruni, Anthony, 374. Bury, R. de, 149. Boston, Thomas, 199. Brattle, Dr., 79. Bruno, Giordano, 71. Busbequius, 414. Boswell, James, 198. Bravo, John, 160. Brunswick, duke of, 18, Busby, Richard, 137. Bottiger, C. A., 434. Braxton, Cltrter, 395.. 253. Busching, A. F., 209. Botts, Thos. H., 229. Bray, Reginald, 307. Brutus, L. J., 87. Bushe, Benj., 113. Botzaris, Marco, 19, 330. 1Bray, Thomas, 68. Brutus, M. J., 413. Bushe, general, 468. Bouchard, Dtlvid, 268. Bray, Wm., 479. Brutus, oration, 89. Bushyhead, Jesse, 283. Boucher, Jonathan, 168. Brazley, Samuel, 397. Bruyere, J. de la, 186. Bussey, d'Amboise, 327. Boudinot, Elias, 410. Breckiugham, H. A.,301. Bryan, Daniel, 113. Bute, earl of, 98. Boufflers, L. F., 331. Brelslak, Sciioe, 69. Bryant, Jacob, 435. Butler, Alban, 192. BouLffeurs, S., 31. Breitkopf, J. G. I., 43. Brydges, George, 204. Butler, Caleb, 391. Bougalnville, J. P., 244. Brekespere, N., 344. Brydone, Patrick, 240. Butler, Charles, 244. Bougainville, L., 314. Brennus, 282. Buchan, Win., 84. Butler, Col., 155. Boughton, Joan, 169. Brett hanged, 67. Buchanan, Claudius, 61.!Butler, Jatmes, 286. Bouguer, Pierre, 22. Brewster, Wm., 153. Buchanan, Geo., 87, 379. Butler, John, 33. Bouhours, Dom., 207. Briand, Isaac, 100. Buchanan, W. B., 173.!Butler killed, 417. Bouille, marquis de, 435. Bride, William, 262. Buckingham beheaded, Butler, Joseph, 235 Bouillion, E. r., 90. Bridges, John, 312. 419. Butler, Josiah, 416. Bouillon, G. de, 282. Bridges, S. E., 354. Buckingham, duke, 29. Butler, J. O., 346. Boulti, C. E. du, 401. Bridgewater, 96, 236. Buckingham sailed, 232, Butler, Samuel, 374, 461. Boulainvilliers, H. de, 37. Brienne, S. C. L. de, 70. 250. Butler, Thomas, 352. Boulter, Hugh, 379. Briggs, Henry, 40. Buckland, Wm., 321. Butler, Win., 206, 383. Boulton, Matthew, 325. Brigham, Amariah,. 354. Buckler, John, 444. Buxtorf, 360. Bourbon, duke, 181. Bright, Edward, 429. Buckner, John, 78. Bye, Deodatus, 65. Bourbon, F. de, 80. Brindley, James, 377. Budaeus, Wim., 331. Bylatd, count, 12. Bourchier, John, 104. Brindsley, 276. Budeius, S. P., 340. Byles, James,46. Bourdaloue, Louis, 190. Brinkley, John, 362. Budgell, Eustace, 179. Byles, Matthew, 262. Bourdeaux, 1zO. Brinvilliers, 280. Buel, Jesse, 390. Byng, tdmiral, 199. Bourdeilles, 262, 278. Brisbane, Charles, 11. Buff, Michael, 209. Byng, George, 30, 199. Bourignon, 417. Brissot, 216, 454. Buflon, 193. Byng, John, 103. Bourmont, general, 205. Brissorins. B., 435. Bulf'urn, Thomnas, 237. Bynkershoek, C. Van, Boursault, Edmund, 349. Britton, Tliomas, 361. Btugeaud, general, 45. 153. Bouterwek, F., 311. Brocas, Pecksael, 410. Bugenshagen, John, 158. Byrne, Charles, 214. Bowditch,Nathtitnel,105. Brogni, John de, 85. Bulfinch, Chas., 152. Byrnle, Roger, 190. Bowditch, T. E., 23. lBroome, Alex. de, 254. Bull, captain, 20. Byrne, Wm., 374. INDEX. 497 Byrom, John, 379. Carew, Thomas, 73. Cavendish, Henry, 83. Charles II, bald, 389. Byron, captain, 37. Carey, G. S., 277. Cavendish, Thos., 82, 286. Charles II, Spain, 419. Byron, John, 143, 242. Carey, Henry, 386. Cavendish, Wm., 58. Charles III, emperor, 397. Byron, Iord, 36, 157, 178. Carey, Lucius, 369. Cavendish, Wm., 326. Charles III, France, 390. Cabanis, P. J. G., 180. Carey, Matthew, 366. Cawthorne, James, 151. Charles III, Parma, 121. Cabet, N., 429. Carey, William, 225. Caxton, Wm., 121, 159, Charles III, Spain, 470. Cabot, John, 51. Caritat, J. A. N., 122. 219, 442. Charles IV, Spain, 30, 33, Cabral, P. A., 167. Carleton, Dudley, 68. Caylus, A. C. de, 349. 110, 117. Cade, Jack, 214, 256, 271b Carlini, Agostino, 321. Cazotte. James, 375. Charles IV, Germany, 452. Cadwallader, John, 62. Carlisle, Ant., 421 Cecil, Robert, 204. Charles IV, Sweden, 107. Cadwallader, T., 413. Carlisle, earl, 215. Cecil, William, 306. Charles V, Germany, 28, Casar, Alpinus A., 80. Carloman, 462. Celestine I, 300. 36. Cwesar, Count Estrees, 12. Carlos, 99, 362. Celini, Benvenuto, 65. Charles V, 81. Caesar, C. J., 103. Carlton, Guy, 430. Centlivre, Sus., 456. Charles V, 233, 253, 338, Casar, Julius, 169, 272, Carlyle, J. P., 147. Cerularius, Michael, 279. 370. 292, 344, 360, 433. Carmagnolia, 179. Cevallos, Pres., 17. Charles V, Spain, 26, 411.. Caesar, Octavius, 152. Cam, Thomas, 43. Cervantes Saavedra, 162. Charles V, France, 364. Caietan, Constantine, 365. Carnaervon, earl, 369. Cervetto, 26. Charles VI, France, 307, Caius, John, 283. Carnegie, Robert, 262. Cestius, 391. 406. Cajetan, B., 397. Carnot, general, 305. Chabanon, 270. Charles VI, Germany,.369, Calamy, Edmund, 217. Caroline Elizabeth 486. Chabert, J. B. de, 458. 406. Calamy, Edmund, 415. Caroline Matilda, i69,187. Chacornac, M., 60. Charles VII, Germany, 33, Calas, Joseph, 97. Caroline of England, 442. Chalier, M. J., 281. 64. Calcott, J. W., 193. Caroline, queen, 310. Chalmers, Alexander, 467. Charles VII, France, 281,, Calderon, Louisa, 58. Carolus I, 28. Chalmers, James, 237. 287. Caldwell, John, 233. Carr, John, 281. Chalmers, Thomas, 213. Charles VIII, France, 138, Calhoun, J. C., 37,127, 416. Carrel, Armand, 288. Challons, Henry, 217. 211. Caligula, Caius, 39. Carrera, president, 315. Chaloner,Thomas,390,438. Charles IX, France, 211. Calleja, 30. Carrier guillotined, 473. Chamberlayne, Ed., 168. Charles X, 292, 295, 303, Callet, J. F., 434. Carrol, Charles, 435. Chamberlayne, L. W., 44. 423. Callisen, Henry, 56. Carroll, John, 459. Chambers, Benjamin, 339. Charles X, Sweden, 51. Callot, James, 121. Carstens, A. J., 205. Chambers, Ephraim, 192. Charles XI, 151, 154. Calmet, Augustine, 411. Carte, Thomas, 130. Chambers, James, 15. Charles XII, 454, 468. Calonne, C. A. de, 417. Carter, David, 465. Chambers, John, 371. Charles XIII, 56. Calonne, M., 41. Carter, Elizabeth, 76, 477. Chambers, Robert, 186. Cheetham, James, 368. Calvert, George, 151. Carter, John, 354. Chambers, Willlam, 96. Cheke, John, 360. Calvert, Leonard, 120,445. Carter, William, 21. Chamisso, A. von, 363. Chelm,'222. Calvi, 315. Carteret sailed, 331. Champallion, 93. Chemiotte, Alex., 444.. Calvin, John, 207. Cartier, James, 142. Championnet, general,38. Chenier, M. J. de, 24. Cambaceresarrested, 478. Cartwright, major, 373. Chandas, duke, 312. Chesselden, William, 143. Cambridge, R. O., 366. Cartwright, Thomas, 485. Chandler, Mary, 358. Chesterfield, 14, 46. Camden, Winm., 428. Cartwright, William, 453. Channing, W. E., 385. Chesterfield, earl, 116. Camelford, Lieut., 25. Carus, M. A., 483. Chapellier, J.R.G. de, 161. Cheron, Eliz. S., 347. Cameron. Arch., 222. Carus, T. L., 400. Chapelain, Jean, 79. Chetham, H., 397. Campanelli, Thos., 112. Carvallo, Maria, 47. Chapin, major, 231. Chetwode, K., 133. Campbell, A., 236, 254. Carver, John, 114, 135, Chapone, Hester, 484. Cheverus died, 284. Campbell, Archibald, 108. 431. Chappel, William, 190. Cheyne, George, 146. Campbell, captain, 25. Cary, John, 216. Chaptal, J. A., 297. Chiaramonti, 265. Campbell, colonel, 15. Casa, Balthazar, 444. Chardin, John, 487. Chicheley, H., 146. Campbell, David, 138. Casa, J. de la, 434. Charette shot, 97, 167,170. Chickering, Jesse, 211. Campbell, Harriet, 69. Casaubon, Isaac, 256. Charke, C., 137. Chigi, Fabio, 201. Campbell, James, 434. Casaubon, Meric, 260. Charlemagne, 42. Childebert I, 481. Campbell, John, 482, 486. Casin, John, 27. Charlotte, queen, 52, 439. Childs, Thomas, 393. Campbell, John, 154, 164. Caslon, William, 37. Charpentier, F., 161. Chillingworth, William, Campbell, Thomas, 234. Cassel, Bertrand, 159. Charrier, M. A., 280. 45. Campbell, Wm., 414. Cassimir, M. 8., 130. Charron, Peter, 437. Chilperic, 109. Campe, J. H., 408. Cassini, James, 151. Chase, Philander, 369: Chinese and Eleuths, 230. Camper, Peter, 139. Cassini, John D., 339, 361. Chase, Samuel,0. Chipman, Jeffr40.ey, 420. Campistron, de, 188. Castalio, S., 487. Chastel, John, 487. Chipman, Nathaniel, 69. Camprian, E., 450. Castanos, Gen., 25, 374. Chasteler, J. G., 183. Chirac, Peter, 99. Camus, C. S. L., 179. Casteliiuovo, count, 179. Chateaubriand, 261. Chiselden, 12. Canning, George, 311. Castelvetro, L., 76. Chatham, earl, 188. Chishull, Edmund, 197. Cannon, J. S., 292. Caste, Giambattista, 57. Chatham, earl, 374. Chiswell, Richard, 178. Cano, J. S. del, 350. Castiglione, B., 49. Chatterton, Thomas, 336. Chittenden, Thomas, 334. Canonicus, 116. Castilla, general, 18. Chauncer, Geaflrey, 410. Chitti, Louis, 345. Canova, Antonio, 398. Castlereagh, lord, 58. Chauncey, Charles, 62. Chitty, Joseph, 73. Canrobert resigned, 194. Castriotto, John, 29. Chauncey, Charles, 75. Chlorus, Constantius, 290. Cantacuzenus, 442. Castruccio, 346. Chauncey, Isaac, 42. Chodowiecki, D. N., 48. Cantacuzenus, John, 200. Catharine of Arragon, 16, Chauncey, Maurice, 272. Choris, Louis, 114. Canterbury, archbishop, 20,242. Chausse, P. C. N. de, 102. Choisi, F. T. de, 384. 76, 159, 307, 442, 447. Catharine II, 430. Chauvelin, M. 39. Chosroes II, 87. Canton, John, 113. Catharine de Medicis, 16. Charles, aeronaut, 456. Christ, Jesus, 131. Cantwell, A., 271. Catharine of Portugal,479 Charles Albert, 296. Christina, 157. Canute, 357, 432. Catharine of Russia, 195. Charles, archduke, 78. Christian II, 39. Capell, Edward, 82. Cathcart, George, 425. Charles the Bold, 16. Christian IV, 87. Capelletto, Juliet, 99 Cathcart, J. L., 390. Charles of France, 483. Christian V, 348. Capellus, Edward, 234. Catiline, 15, 425. Charles Edward, 369. Christian VII, 101. Capet, Hugh, 259, 409. Catinat, N., 84. Charles, J. A. C., 432. Christian VIII, 34. Capnist, W. W., 415. Cato, 16, 54. Charles James, 107. Christian resigned, 321. Caracalla, 52, 140. Cats, James, 359. Charles Joseph, 471. Christine, Maria, 340. Caraccioli, 120. Cavalieri, B., 459. Charles, pretender, 348. Christine aDcLicated, 211. Carali J. P., 326. Cavallos, 58. Charles I, England, 45, 49, Christophe, 28, 55, 70, 122, Carcagenta, 231. Cave, 10, 22. 107, 217, 238. 216, 392. Cardan, Jerome, 370. Cave, William, 306. Charles II, England, 10, Chrysoloras, E., 150. Carew, Richard, 425. Cavendish,Frederick, 407. 51, 57, 210, 245, 260, 400. Chrysostom, John, 41. 63 498 INDEX. Chrysostom, John,85,240. Cockburn, Catharine, 188. Cooke, Anthony, 228. Cracherode C. M., 138. Chubb, Thomas, 62. Codrington, Edward, 139. Cooke, Elizabeth, 190. Cr-ackanthorp, 448. Chubbuck, Emily, 215. Codrington, admiral, 170. Cooke, Geo.. F., 117, 376. Cradock, Matthew, 92. Chudleigh, Eliz., 339. Coddington, Wm., 419. Cooke, George, 115. Crafts, S. H., 442 Church, Benjamin, 294. Coffin, Alexander, 24. Cook, James, 67. Craig, John, 468. Churchill, Charles, 423, Coke, Ed., 75, 346. Coombe, William, 239. Crampton, d11. 424. Coke, Thomas, 178. Cooper, Ant. Ashley, 36, Cranch, Wm., 345. Churchill, John, 235. Colardeau, C. P., 139. 67. Crane, William M., 108, Churchill, Winston, 118. Colbert, general, 17. Cooper, Ashley, pastor, 65 Csamnmer, Thos., 112, 221. Cibber, Colly, 469. Colbert, J. B., 346, 351. Cooper, James B., 56. Crassus, 16, 443, 489. Cibber, S. M., 45. Colburn. Henry, 324. Cooper, J. F., 362. Crassus, L. L. 3t8. Cicero, 13, 16, 305, 307, Colburn, Zerah, 91. Cooper, J. G., 150. Cratippus, 189. 426, 458, 463. Colchester, lord, 185. Cooper, Miles, 175. Crauiord, Belinda, 161. Cimarosa, 23. Colden, Cadwallader, 379. Cooper, Samuel, 482, 487. Craven, earl, 141. Claiborne, governor, 21. Colden, C. 1)., 59. Cooper, Thomas, 171. Crawford, Mary, 77. Clairfait resigned, 78. Cole, Daniel, 263. Cooper, Thomas, 188. Crawford, Wm. H., 363. Clairon, madaml, 43. Coleman, 14, 46. Cooper, W. B., 169. Creach, Thomas, 251. Clap, Thomas, 19. Coleman, Wm. A., 42. Cooper, W. H., 198. Creech, William, 11. Clapperton, H., 149. Coleman, younger, 413. Coote, Charles, 441. Cressingham, Edw., 357. Clarence, duke of, 73. Coleridge, S. T., 292. Coote, Eyre, 29, 35, 167. Cresson, Elliot, 77. Clarendon, lord, 465. Coleridge, Sarah, 178. Copeland, Thomas, 442. Cressy, Hugh P., 314. Clark, Daniel, 325. Colet, John, 364. Copernicus, 32, 204, 228. Creutz, eulogy, 170. Clark, John, 239. Colfax, William, 353. Copley, J. S., 376. Crevenna, P. A., 392. Clark, Adam, 337. Coligny, Gaspard de, 334. Coralm, Thomas, 123. Crichton, Alex., 218. Clarke, E. D., 98. Collgnli, Henrietta, 98. Corario, Angelo, 318. Crichton, James, 256. Clarke, George, 399. Colle, Charles, 421. Corbet, Miles, 153. Crillon de, 457. Clarke, G. R., 66. Collier, Jeremy, 166. Corbet, Richard, 296. Crittenden, colonel, 324. Clarke anld Lewis, 115. Collingwood,Cuthbert,96. Corday, Charlotte, 281. Crisp, Tobias, 86. Clarke, Mary Ann, 243. Collins, Anthony, 470. Cordemol, G. de, 391. Croghan, Col., 306, 324. Clarke, Samuel, 195. Collins. John, 176. Cordova, Gen,, 30. Croi, R. de, 468. Clarke, Samuel, 485. Collins, John, 429. Cordus, Euricius, 482. Croix, F. P. de la., 423. Clarke, Thomas, 351. Collins, W., 230, 354. Corelli, Arcangelo, 31. Croke, Alex., 486. Clarke, William, 345. Collinson, Peter, 316. Corlis, Chas. G., 111. Crombie, Alex., 229. Clarke, William, 407. Colloredo, marshal, 450. Cornbury, Gov., 178. Cromwell, Eliz., 140. Claudius, emperor, 397. Collyer, Marie, 490. Corneille, 21, 383. Cromwell, Sir 0. 168. Claudius, Matthias, 35. Colman, George, 321. Corneille, T., 4t4. Cromwell, Oliver, 32, 45, Clausel, Adj.-Gen., 105. Colman, Henry, 325. Cornwallis, Charles, 388. 133, 164, 184, 249, 264, Clay, Henry,:53, 285. Colman, John, 350. Cornwallis, Edward, 234. 326, 347, 408, 464, 469, Clayton, aeronaut, 141. Colombiorre, Claude, 68. Cornwallis, 48, 109, 178, 474. Clayton, Robert, 275. Coloniia, cardinal, 380. 219. Cromwell, Richard, 272. Clayton, Thomas, 335. Colonna, Stephen, 442. Cornplanter, 72, 268, 431. Cromwell, Thomas, 295. Cleiand, John, 38. Cvlquohun, P., 166. Corroset, Giles, 23. Crosby, Brass, 68. Clement II, pope, 393. Colt, J. C., 367. Corsica, 231. Crosby, Enoch, 249. Clement IV, 452. Colston, Edward, 396. Corsini, Laurence, 57, 258 Croswell William, 429. Clement V, 158. Columba died, 224. Cortez, 28, 61, 73, 117, 160, Crotch, William, 262. Clement VI, 462. Columnbanus, 407. 199, 207, 2'29, 266, 3z3, Crowley, Robert, 237. Clement VII, 103, 220, 376, Columbus, Bart., 305. 398, 487, 439. Croxall, Samuel, 66. 451, 462. Columbus, C., 33, 101,115, Cortlandt, P. van, 175. Cruciger, Casper, 9. Clement VIII, 93. 154, 184, 15, 199, 211, Corvisart, 367. Crudenl, Alex., 419.. Clement IX, 465. 224, 253, 303, 30 3, 32, 345, Cosby, Philips, 22. Cruikshaui, W. C., 251. Clement X, died, 287. 350, 358, 375, 380, 390, Cosby, Wm. 98, 300, 302. Cruttwell, Clement, 349. Clement XI, 96. 397, 424, 474, 478. Cossart, Gabriel, 366,375. Crutwell, Richard, 215. Clement XII, 57. Colve, Gov., 60. Cosser, Charles, 490. Crysostom, John, 361. Clelment XIV, 198. Combe, Charles, 108. Costard, John, 22. Cubltt, Thonlas, 479. Clement, XVI, 372. Comenlus, J. A., 400. Cotelerius, J. B., 314. Cuddy, W. H. D., 354. Clementino, Mario, 153. Colniner, Phllip de, 402. Cotes, Roger, 219. Cudworth, Ralph, 249. Clements, Henry, 333. Comnenus, 131. Coton, Peter, 109. Cutibe, Heliry, 125. Cleopatra, 341. Comnenus, Alex. I, 321. Cotta, baron, 354, 488. Cufibe, John, 13, Clerk, John, 146. Commonfort, 132. Cottenham, earl, 172. Cujacius, James, 386. Clerke, Charles, 332. Compton, Spencer, 30. Cotton, John, 481. Cullen, Henry, 3;96. Clevelanld, H IR., 231. Compton, Spencer, 109. Cotton, R. B., 181. Cullen, William, 55. Cleveland, John, 171. Compton, Wm., 265. Coudrette, Chris., 306. Cumberland, duke, 357. Clevenger, 379. Comyn, John, 61. Coulomb, C. A. de, 333. Cumberland, duke, 418. Cliflbrd, George, 417. Concanen, Matthew, 36. Courlitz, G, 181. Cumberland, duke, 440. Clifford, John, 303. Conclni, D'Anore, 164. Courten, Wm., 118. Cumberland, earl, 417. Clinias slain, 403. Condillac, S. B. de, 304. Courtlatid, P. van, 424. Cumberland, R., 183. Clinton, De Witt, 64. Condoilero, G., 80. Couston, Nicholas, 21. Cumberland R., 393. Clinton, George, 158, 205, Condorcet, marquis, 122. Couston, Wm., 79. Cummings, Asa, 220. 372, 377. Cone, SpenIcer H., 340. Couvray, J. B. L. de, 336, Cunningham, Alex., 192. Clinton, James, 481. Congreve, William, 32. Couvreur, A. la, 110. Cunnitigham, Allan, 416. Clive, Robert, 445. Congreve, admiral, 194. Coventry maimed, 479. Cunningham, John, 367. Cloots, Anacharsis,10,117, Connecticut tairms, 222. Coverdale, Miles, 75. Cunnligham, Miss, 380. Cloriviere, 382. Connelly, John, 446. Cowdroy, William, 315. Cunniingham, Wm., 314. Clovis, 452, 483. Conller, David, 111. Cowell, John, 396. Curl, Edmund, 468. Clum, Mrs., 38. Conradino, 415. Cowley, Abraham, 296. Curran died, 434. Clymer, Geo., 38, 338, 348. Corat, Valentine, 373. Cowley, Hannah, 99. Currer Bell, 213. Cobb, Eben, 465. Constable, Arch., 286. Cowley, Robert, 60. Currie, James, 343. Cobbett, Wm., 239, 283. Constant, Benj., 469. Cowper, Wm., 166. Cursor, Papirius, 59. Cobelen, Edward, 161. Constantine great, 201,205 Cox, John, 473. Curtis, Edward, 305. Cobentzl, count, 80, 342. Cotnstantine of Russia, 27. Cox, Rich'd, 178. Cultis, N. M., 77, 111. Cobham, Eleanor, 407. Constantius, 169, 394, 421. Cox, Richard, 287. Curtis, William, 266. Cochrane, admiral,13,327. Constantius, F. J., 451. Coxeter, Thos., 157. Cusa, N. de, 315. Cochrane, H. T., 167. Conway, WV. B., 426. Coyer, G. F., 282. Cushing, J. P., 166. Cochran, James, 491. Cook, Capt., 24, 27, 46, Crabbe, George, 52. Cushing, Thomas, 75. Coohrane, Wm., 409. 273, 274, 298. Crabbe, George, 461. Cushma'n, J. P., 365. INDEX. 499 Cushman, Robert, 470. Davis, Matthew L., 243. De Witt, John, 314. Downes, John, 316. Custines, 338. Davis, Sarah Ann, 38. De Witt, Simeon, 459. Drake, Daniel, 426. Cutler, Jarvis, 248. Davis, T. K., 398. Diaz, Bart., 208. Drake, Francis, 21, 63, 76, Cutler, Timothy, 325. Davoust, L. N., 218. Diaz, John, 119. 133, 204, 294, 350, 421, Cutts, John, 105. Davy, Humphrey, 210. Diaz, Juan, 328. 435, 470. Cuvier, Fred., 289. Davy, Jane, 185. Dibdin, Charles, 292. Drake, James, 90. Cuvier, G. L., 190. Dawes, Richard, 112. Dick, Thomas, 285. Drake, Nathan, 222. Cypriani, J. B., 472. Dawes, William, 173. Dickerson, Mahlon, 389. Drakenberg, C., 247. Cyprianus, 361. Dawson, Ann, 452. Dickinson, captain, 115. Draekenburg, C. J., 393. D'Acosta, Joseph, 68. Day, Charles, 413. Dickinson, Edmund, 131. Drayton, Michael, 481. D'Aguesseau, 60. Day, John 288. Dickinson, general, 33. Drelincourt, Charlee, 422. D'Alembert, 27. Day, J. &. R., 308. Dickinson, John, 68. Drew, captain, 467. D'Anville, J. B. B., 43. Day, Thomas, 90. Dickinson, P., 53. Drew, Charles, 171. D'Arblay, Madame, 19. Day, Thomas, 379. Dickins, William, 453. Drew, Sarah, 299. D'Aubeuf, de Vertot, 234. D'Eon, Beaumont, 202. Diderot died, 258. Drinker, Edward, 438. D'Aumale, C. de L., 289. D'Este, M. B. E., 120. Didius Julianus, 215. Drouais, Hubert, 61. D'Auvergne, A., 65. D'Estaing, count, 267,307. Didot, F. A., 270. Drouet, J. B., 145. D'Auvergne, general, 294. Dean, captain, 476. Diebitsch, general, 227. Drummond, G., 322, 395. D'Azara, J. N., 43. Dean, Thomas, 429. Dieskau captured, 353. Drummond, Wm., 460. Dablon, J. C., 60. Deane, Sllas, 333. Diggs, Dudley, 96. Dryander, John, 478. Dach, Simon, 151. Deane recalled, 444. Digby, Everard, 45. Dryden, John, 174, 326. Dacier, Andrew, 367. Dease & Simpson, 402. Digby, George, 110. D'Urfey, Thomas, 85. Dacier, A. le. F., 325. Death, captain, 482. Digby, Kenelm, 228. Duane, William, 447. Dacres, J. R., 18. DeCabral, fleet lost, 208. Dillenius, J. J., 130.1 Dubayet, 312. Dagget, N., 448. Decatur, Corn., 27, 28, 71, Dillon, Wentworth, 30. Dubois, William, 314. Dagobert II, 481. 114, 121, 309, 313. Dilly, Edward, 218. Ducarel, A. C., 210. Daguerre, 274. DeCrequi, Francis, 53. Dillyn, L. W., 343. Duck, Stephen, 125. Daillie. John, 151. Dee, John, 457. Dimsdale, Thomas, 489. Duckworth, admiral, 76, Dale, Richard, 83. De Foe, 84, 164. Dinah, 163. 136. Dale, Samuel, 203. De Graff, John I, 249. Diocletian, 81, 174, 442. Duckworth, admiral, 136. Dallas, Alex. J., 29. De Grasse, count, 40, 41. Diogenes 159. Duclos, C, D., 119. Dallas, A. J., 217. De Kalb, baron, 323. Dion, 31i. Dudith, Andrew, 80. Dalrymple, David, 453. De Korif; baron, 84. Dionysius of Alexandria, Dudley, Edmund, 326. Dalrymple, John, 85. Delamet, De Bussy, 285. 248. Dudley, Henry Bate, 49. Dalsell, Andrew, 465. De Lancey, governor,346. Dionysius, Ptolemy, 119. Dudley, John, 330. Dalton, John, 295. Delaney, Lieut.-Gov.,253. Dippel, J. C., 165. Dudley, Robert, 348. Dalton, John, 287. Delaney, Patrick, 183. D'Israeli, Isaac, 33. Dufief, N. G., 147. Dambourney, 216. Delany, Mary, 151. Dix, Miss, 159. Dugdale, Wm., 62. Damiens, 17, 121. De la Roche. 24. Dixwell, James, 121, 446. Dugomier, general, 438. Damme, Thomas, 76. Delille, Jamnes, 175. D'Ohsson, Ig. M., 310. Dulong, M., 45. Dampier at Papua, 459. Delius, J., 188. D'Orsay, Alfred, 307. Dumaresq, 282. Dandolo, Henry, 214. De Lorme, P., 60. D'Oseoli, S. M. F., 288. Dumas, Matthieu, 402. Dandre-Bardon, 150. Demeste, John, 329. Dobree, P. P., 374. Dumourier, 103, 120, 131, Dane, Nathan, 69. Demetrius of Poland, 207. Dobson. William, 414. 132, 240, 339. Danes, Peter, 162. Democritus, 311. Dockier shot, 171. Dunbar, James, 209. Danforth, Samuel, 441. Demoivre,.A., 450. Doctorow, 413. Duncan, Adam, 306. Danican, Andrew, 342. Demosthenes, 364, 410. Dod, C. R., 79. Duncan, Daniel, 173. Daniel, Gabriel, 245. Demours, Peter, 249. Dodd, Eliz., 286. Duncan, William, 174. Daniel, J. F., 102. Demoustier, C. A. 91. Dodd, William, 82,250. Dundas, general, 17. Daniel, William, 271. Denham, John, 98. Doddridge, Philip, 412. Dundas, Henry, 208. Daniels, Augustin, 42. Denina, C. J. M., 462. Dodsley, James, 75. Dundas, Robert, 227. Dannecker, J. H., 392. Denman, Matthias, 39. Dodsley, Robert, 375. Dunes, 232. Dante, 361. Denrman, Thomas, 372. Dodwell, Henry, 222. Dungarvon, lord, 30. Danton, G. J., 135. Dennie, Joseph, 20. Doggett, Henry, 242. Dunlap, William, 379. Darby, John, 306. Dennis, John, 18. Dohm, C. W. von, 210. Dunning, John, 326. Darby, William, 394. Denonville, 245. Dolet, Stephen, 303. Duns, John, 427. Darius, 337. Denzil, lord Hollis, 72. Dolland, George, 191. Duncomb, William, 85. Darius II, 463, 468. De Pages at 81 deg., 193. Dollond, John, 382, 454. Dunmore, lord, 267, 471. Darius III assassinated, Deppen, 221. Dolomieu, 452. Dupin, Lewis E., 235. 285. Derham, William, 135. Dornberger, George, 280. Duphot, general, 488. Darnley, lord, 61. Dermody. Thomas, 279. Dominica, 221. Duplot assassinated, 486. Darthe, 187. Derrick, Samuel, 95. Domitianus, 366. Duponceau, P. S., 130. Darwin, Erasmus, 156. Dershavin, G. R., 259. Donald of the Isles, 289. Duport, James, 281. Daunou, P. C. F., 241. De Ruyter, 20, 100. Dongan, Thomas, 338, Duppa, Brian, 118. Dauphin, 225, 478. Derwentwater, 82. 381. Duprat, Anthony, 268. Davenant, Charles, 425. Desaguliers, 88. Donne, John, 126. Dupuis, C. F., 380. Davenant, poet, 139. Desbillons, F. J., 109. Donner, G. R., 70. Duquesne, admiral, 20. Davenant, William, 154. Descartes, Rene, 63. Donnison, William, 39. Duranti, J. S., 61. Davenport, Christopher, Desmahis, J. F., 84. Donop, count, 408. Durer, Albert, 137. 212. Des Marets, S., 196. Donovan, Edward, 49. Durell, John, 223. Davenport, John, 125. Desmond, earl, 375. Dorat, C. J., 164. Durfee, Job, 294. David I, 187, 203. Desmoulins. B. C., 136. Doria, Andrew, 358, 448. Duroc killed, 202. David II, 79, 315. De Solis, cardinal, 62. Dorislaus, Isaac, 177, Dussaul, John, 105. David, J. L., 488. Despard, E. M., 112. Dormer, Philip, 164. Dutens, Louis, 203. David, J. P., 15. Dessaix killed, 233. Dorr, T. W., 486. Duval, V. J, 42. David of Wales, 381. Dessalines, J. J., 11, 40, Dorr, captain, 20. Dwight, E. E., 455. Davidson, John, 469. 403, 418. Dorset, earl, 32, 281 Dwight, Louis, 274. Davidson, L. M., 338. Dessault, P. J., 215. Doubleday, E., 472. Dwight, Theod., 229. Davidson, Thomas, 462. De Thile, general, 17. Douglas, D. B., 415. Dwight, Timothy, 24. Davies, John, 463. De Thou, 194. Douglas, James, 215. Dyer, Charles, 333. Davies, Samuel, 53. Devereux, Robert, 83. Douglas, John, 197. Dyer, James, 115. Davies, Thomas, 180. De Vries, 16, 61'270, 319, Dow, Lorenzo, 50. Dyer, John, 290. Davis, John, 158. 375. Dowell, Richard, 117. Dyer, Mary, 214. Davis, admiral, 485, 308. De Vries (see Vries). Dowlah, Sujah-ul, 178. Earle, John, 438. Davis, J. A. G., 435. Dewees, William P., 200. Dowler, pedestrian, 427. Earlom, Richard, 394. 500 INDEX. Eaton, Benj., 402. Emerson, F., 170. Fabre, N. le, 423. Finden, William, 380. Eaton, Theophilus, 19. Emerson, Samuel, 311. Fabricius. G., 274. Fingal, 52. Eaton, William, 215. EImerson, William, 206. Fabricius, J. A., 132. Fink executed, 143. Ebeling died, 254. Emlyn, Thomas, 298. Fabricius, J. C., 92. Firmin, Thomas, 478. Eccles, J. D., 234. Emmet, Robert, 370. Fabroni, Angilo, 372. Fisher, Henry, 58. Echard, Lawrence, 323. Emmet, Thomas P., 320. Faby an, Robert, 85. Fisher, John, 244. Eckhout, G. V., 287. Emmet T. A., 435. Fagius, Paul, 432. Fisher, Edward, 196. Ecklingen, duc d', 277. Emory, major,.329. Fahrenheit. 364. Fisk, Pliny, 409. Eden, F. M., 435. Emott, James, 140. Fairfax, lord, 171. Fitch, steam boat, 219. Edgar of Scotland, 20. Empson, Richard, 326. Fairfax, Thomas, 431. Fitzempress, Henry, 375. Edgarton, Francis, 96. Enfield, William. 422. Falck, Victor, 74. Fitzgerald, Gerald, 375. Edgeworlh Maria, 201. Enghein, duke d' 104, 112 Falconberg, countess, 102. Fitzgerald, lady, 203. Edgeworth, R. L., 232. Enghien, count, 80. Falkland. lord, 369. Fitzgerald, Robert, 174. Edie, William, 441. Enrique IV deposed, 219. Fallopius, Gabriel, 393. Fitzherbert, A., 207. Edmund, king, 442. Entick, John, 201. Falstaff, John, 237. Fitz-simon, 149. Edmund I, 206. Entrecasteaux d', 379. Fanshawe, Richard, 235. Fitzwilliam, viscount, 55. Edmund II, Ironside, 454. Eobanus, Elias, 387. Farel, William, 360. Fixmilner, 338. Edred, 446. Epee, C. M. de 1', 482. Farinelli, 364. Flaccus, A. P., 447. Edson, Calvin, 365. Epicurus, 321, 466. Farmer, John, 319. Flaccus, Q. H., 450. Edward, confessor, 16, Epiphanes, Antiochus,44. Farmer, Richard, 354. Flag, major, 191. 398. Episcopius, Nich., 377. Farmer, W. W, 416. Flamsteed, John, 490. Edward I, Eng., 12, 176, Episcopius Simon, 133. Farnably, Thomas, 230. Flavel, John, 249. 188, 236, 265, 303, 429, Epremenie, J. D. d',' 163. Farnese, Alexander, 480. Flaxman, John, 459. 436. Erasmus, 129, 272. Farnese, pope, 429. Fleetwood, Charles, 386 Edward II, 19,40, 165, 370, Erastus, Thomas, 490. Farnese, P. L., 356. Fleetwood, bishop, 306. 437. Eric died, 271. Farneworth, Elias, 117. Fleetwood, William, 87. Edward III, 9, 19, 242, 345. Ernst, Augustus, 440. Farren, Miss, 143. Fleming, captain, 24. Edward IV, 48, 102, 141. Ernest, Peter, 112. Farquhar, G., 172. Flemming, Paul, 130. Edward V, 63, 105, 324. Erneste, J. A., 358. Fastolfi, John, 425. Fletcher, Benjamin, 340. Edward VI, 60, 141, 264. Ernesti, W. A, 297. Faulkner, captain, 18. Fletcher, G., 51. Edward, martyr, 107. Ernestus, Augustus, 253. Faulkner, George, 339. Fletcher, Gov. Pa., 407. Edward, pretender, 489. Ernst, J. H., 74. Faunce, Thomas, 86. Fleury, 234. Edward, prince, 305. Erpenius, Thomas, 433. Faust's Psalter, 320. Fleury, A. de, 433. Edward, prince Wales,223 Erskine, Thomas, 439. Faustin, I, 335, 338, 467. Fleury, cardinal, 44. Edwards, B ryan, 279. Erythraeus, J. N., 435.. Favras, marquis de, 75. Fleury, Claude 232. Edwards, George, 289. Eschenique, Pres., 18. Fawkes, Francis, 337. Flinders died, 284. Edwards, H. P., 86. Esculaptus, 59. Fawkes, Guido, 46, 424. Flint, Timothy, 327. Edwards, Jonathan, 113. Esopus war, 222. Felibien, Andrew, 228. Flissart, J. J., 271. Edwards, Jonathan, 300. Espagnac, J. B. d', 87. Fell, John, 270. Flood, Henry, 458. Edwin of Britain, 386. Espence, Claude d', 387. Fell, John, 360. Florian, J. P. C. de, 360. Edwin, John, 299. Esquirol, J. D. E., 470. Felton, John, 440. Flower, Benjamin, 178. Egbert, 52. Ess, C. van, 408. Fenelon, 19. Floyd, general, 42. Egede, Paul, 217. Essares, Pierre de, 256. Fenn, John, 69. Floyd, Henry, 366. Egerton, Thomas, 103. Essex, duke of, 230. Fenton, Elijah, 274. Floyd, William, 301. Egmont, Lamoral, 219. Essex, earl of;, 83, 335. Ferdinand of Arragon, Flurieu, C. P. C. de, 326. Effingham, earl, 100. Essex, James, 362. 250. Folio, Tom, 308. Eleanor of England, 452. Estaing, admiral, 185, 486. Ferdinand I, Austria, 458. Folque, general, 182. Eldon, Chanceller, 25. Este, Mary d', 462. Ferdinand I, Germany, Folsom, David, 374. Elias, MattheW, 161. Esterhazy, prince, 246. 291. Folsom, J. L., 284. Eliot, John, 199. Esterhazy, N., 449. Ferdinand II, Germany, Fontana, Gregory, 335. Elizabeth of Bohemia,66. Estouteville, W. d', 480. 59. Fontaine, J. de la, 101. Elizabeth of England, 27, Estrades, count de, 85, 453 Ferdinand III, 61. Fontaines, des, 474. 36, 115, 352, 438. Estrange, Roger 1', 468. Ferdinand Louis, 395. Fontanier, 58. Elizabeth of France, 187. Estrees, Ceesar d', 475. Ferdinand IV, Naples, 15. Fontenelle, 21. Elizabeth, princess, 353. Estrees, F. A. d', 180. Ferdinand V, 37. Foote, Samuel, 407. Elizabeth of Russia, 487. Estrees, Gabrielle d', 142. Ferdlnand VI, 314. Forbes, Arthur, 394. Elizabeth of Thuringia, Estrees, V. M. d', 486. Ferdinand VII, 117, 380. Forbes, Duncan, 467. 440. Etheldred I, 166. Ferdinand XI1, 11. Forbes, James, 301. Elizabeth of York, 63. Etheldred II, 149, 162, 164 Ferdinand king of Rome, Forbes, Patrick, 107. Elisagaray, d', 382. Ethelwolf, 25. 16. Force, C. L.. 71. Elkins, Charles, 259. Etmuller, M., 97. Ferguson, Adam, 80. Ford, Gabriel H., 339. Ellenborough, lord, 472. Ettmuller, M. E., 375. Ferguson, David, 309. Fordyce, George, 205. Ellery, William, 69. Ettrick shepherd, 444. Ferguson, James, 437. Fordyce, James, 383. Ellesmere,Chancellor,120. Euclides, 316. Ferguson, Robert, 401. Fordyce, William, 460. Ellet, engineer, 297. Eudes, John, 327. Fernow, C. L., 460. Forman, Joshua, 307. Elliger, Ottomar, 447. Eugene, Francis, 142. Ferrar, John, 185. Forrest, Robert, 488. Elliot, Caleb, 472. Eugene, prince, 48. Ferriol, Anthony de, 347. Forskal, Peter, 271. Elliot, Ebenezer, 457. Eugenius IV, pope, 80. Fessenden, T. G., 432. Forster, J. G. A., 24. Elliot, G. A., 264. Euler, Leonard, 352. Fevre, N. le, 423. Forster, J. R., 465. Elliot, Jonathan, 100. Euripides, 454. Fevre, St. Mark de, 442. Forsyth, John, 407. Elliot, J. D., 467. Eusden, Lawrence, 377. Fevre, Tannegui le, 359. Forsythe, Capt., 58. Elliot, Oliver, 94. Eustice, Vilette, 95. Field, George, 380. Forthon, James, 62. Ellis, Ellen, 185. Eustace, J. Shey, 336. Field, Richard, 443. Fortiguerra, N., 72. Ellis, John, 490. Eutyches condemned, 391 Fielding, admiral, 12. Forward, Walter, 448. Ellis, Mary, 216. Evald, Johannes, 106. Fielding, Henry, 392. Foscolo, Ugo, 357. Ellsworth, Oliver, 449. Evans, Morris, 336. Fielding, John, 348, 405. Foster, John, 355. Elmer, E., 404. Evelyn, John, 86. Fiennes, William, 149. Fothergill, John, 485. Elmsly, Peter, 178. Evelyn, John, 116. Fieschi executed, 69. Fouche, Joseph, 485. Elphinstone, Capt., 17. Everard, John, 391. Fiesco, J. L., 12. Foulis, Andrew, 363. Elphinstone, James, 392. Everett, A. H., 252. Fiesque, Sinebaldi de,470. Foulon massacred, 286. Elstob, Elizabeth, 212. Evremond, St. Denis, 355. Fife, countess, 27. Foulques, Guy de, 452. Elwes, John, 440. Excelmans, Gen., 288. Filangien, Gaetano, 286. Fountaine, Andrew, 348. Elyat, Thomas, 118. Exiles, A. F. d', 446. Fillmore, Millard, 40. Fourcroy, A. F., 474. Emanuel, Charles, 293. Eylau, 221. Finch, Heneage, 475. Fourier, Charles, 392. $manuel the great, 470. Eyre transported, 419. Finch, John, 439. Fowler, John, 65. INDEX. 501 Fox, Cha. J., 39, 366, 205. Frith, John, burnt, 287. Genovesi, Anthony, 372. Goldschmidt, 113. Fox, Edward, 184. Frobisher, Martin, 211, Genseric, 409. Goldsmith, OliVer, 133. Fox, George, 25, 126. 228, 271, 315, 343, 426. Geoflry, 326. Golius, James, 379. Fox, H. S., 398. Frontenac, 265, 306, 375. George of Cappadocia, 482 Goltzius, Henry, 9. Fox, John, 155. Frost, rioter, 423. George of Denmark, 414. Gomarra, president, 311. Fox, Richard, 361. Frotte, Louis le, 74. George I, 51, 228, 325, 348, Good, J. M., 13. Foy, M. S., 452. Frowde, Philip, 470. 406. Goodacre, R., 449. Francia, dictator, 50, 369. Fry, Edmund, 481. George II, statute, 87, 411. Goodrich, Elizur, 420. Francis I, Austria, 91. Fry, William H., 343. George III, 17, 44, 48, 52, Goodwin of Kent, 150. Francis I, France, 26, 126, Fryth burnt, 260. 146, 218, 269, 372. Goodwin, Thomas, 80. 334. Gadsden, C. E., 247. George IV, 74, 249. Gookin, Daniel, 109. Francis I, Germany, 326. Gage, Gen., t5, 108, 395. Geo. Wm. Fr. derick, 242. Gordian killed, 459. Francis II, Germany, 309. Gagna, Antonio, 247. Georges guillotined, 292. Gordon, Adam, 394. Francis II, France, 461. Gahagan, Usher, 77. Gerard, Balt., 275. Gordon, George, 179. Francis, G. Y., 429. Gainas killed, 483. Gerard, Sieur, 308. Gordon, George, 31, 419. Francis of Paula, 130. Gainsborough, Thos., 302. Gerbillon, pere, 129, 204, Gordon, George, 157. Francis, Philip, 481. Galba, Seygius, 27. 212, 398. Gordon, John, 394. Francis Philip, 94. Gale Rogei, 248. Gerry, Elbridge, 446. Gordon, Thomas, 296. Francke, A. H., 223. Gale, Thomas, 140. Gerstener, F. A., 147. Gordon, William, 405. Frank, Andrew, 473. Galen, B. van, 368. Gervais, Nicholas, 442. Gorsas, A. J., 391. Franklin, 14, 23, 30, 154, Galilei, 19, 20. Gervinus, 94. Gosnold, B., 118, 191. 293. Galileo, 25, 85. Gesner, Conrad, 470. Gosnold's settlement, 207 Franklin, James, 323. Galileo condemned, 244. Gesner, J. J., 181. Gossec, F. J., 71. Franklin, Sir John, 68, Galissionniere, de, 402. Gesner, J. M., 304. Goth, Bertrand de, 158. 188, 203. Galitrin, D. A., 182. Gesner, Sol., 90. Goudelin, Peter, 356. Franklin returned, 380. Gall, 332. Geta, 52, 86. Gouge, Joseph, 39. Franklin, Thomas, 104. Gallatin, Albert, 318. Ghisleri, Michael, 172. Gouge, William, 474. Franklin, William, 437. Gallaudet, P., 196. Gibert, Balthazar, 414. Gouges, M. O., de, 422. Francois murdered, 405. Gallaudet, T. H., 356. Gibbon, Edward, 29, 175, Gough, Hannah, 405. Fracer, James, 385. Galliani, F., 417. 400. Gough, Richard, 77. Frazer, Lieut., 11. Gallienus, Publius, 110. Gibbon,Grilin, 304. Gourgaud, baron, 292. Frazer, Simon, 141. GaIt, John, 147. Gibbon, James, 257. Gourges, Dom. de, 177, Frederick, Augustus, 160. Galvani, Lewis, 55. Gibbs, James, 307. 331. Frederick Augustus I, 181 Galvani, Lewis, 424. Gibbs, George, 308. Gouvion, N. 228. Frederick, elector, 33. Gama, Vasquez de, 194, Gibson, Edmund, 351. Gower, John, 324. Frederick I, Prussia, 31, 201. Gibson, John B., 178. Graaf, R. de, 324. 84. Gama sailed, 266. Gibson, Thomas, 169. Grabe, J. E., 433. Frederick I, 79. Gama returned, 361, 442, Gifanius, Hubertus, 323. Grabouski, count, 389. Frederick I, Barbarossa, 482. Gifford, John, 376. Grweme, John, 293. 226. Gambler, James, 158. Gifford, William, 490. Graham, Dougal, 285. Frederick II, Germany, Gambold, John, 360. Gilbert, 76. Graham, Dr., 305. 470. Ganganelli, cardinal, 198. Gilbert, Bartholomew,297 Graham, George, 447. Frederick II, Denmark, Ganganelli, John, 372. Gilbert, Humphrey, 228, Graham, James, 200. 133. Gansevoort, Peter, 258. 306, 355. Graham, James, 362. Frederick III, Denmark, Garasse, Francis, 232. Gilbert, William, 454. Grainger, James, 474. 60. Gardiner, David, 270. Giles, W. B., 461. Grainger, vicar, 135. Frederick II, Germany, Gardiner, Stephen, 432. Gill, John, 398. Grand Maison guillotined 327. Garfield, Benjamin, 294. Gillies, John, 69. 473. Frederick IV, do 352 Garnerin, aeronaut, 348. Gilpin, Bernard, 92. Granger, James, 151. Frederick V, Denmar, 30 Garnerin, M. 25', 270 Gilpin, Sawrey, 97. Grant, Anne, 427. Frederick VI, do 459. Garibaldi escaped, 303. Girandon, Francis, 344. Grant, Robert, 269. Frederick III, Branden. Garland, H. A., 400. Girard, Stephen, 485. Granville, George, 45. burg, 31. Garnet, Henry, 245. Girten, Thomas, 428. Grasse, count de, 17, 156. Frederick the Great, 39, Garnet, Thomas, 252. Glanvill, Joseph, 423. Gratianus, 335. 325. Garrick, 33, 90. Gleig, George, 98. Grattau, Henry, 191. Frederick Louis, 69. Garth, Samuel, 31. Glendowr, Owen, 369,381. Gravier, Charles, 66. Frederick of Sweden 137. Gascoigne, George, 390. Gloucester, duke, 87. Gray, captain, 313. Frederick William, 13. Gasparis, prof., 136, 147. Gloucester, duke, 49. Gray, Jane, 285. Frederick Wm. II, 430. Gassendi, Peter, 410. Glover, Richard, 448. Gray, Thomas, 298. Frederick III, 222. Gast, Pierre du, 421. Gluck, C., 436. Greatbreakes, 446. Frederick, prince Wales, Gaston de Foix, 144. Gmelin, S. T., 294. Greathead, Robert, 393. 110, 116. Gaston, William, 38. Goadby, Robert, 318. Gregori, Olyntius, 51. Frederick the wise, 180. Gates, Horalio, 143, 231. Gobel, J. B., 150. Gregory, David, 394. Frederick of York, 17. Gates, John, 371. Goddard, Jonathan, 116. Gregoy III, 451. Freeman, James, 435. Gates, Thomas, 215. Godeau, Anthony, 160. Gregory VII, 203. Freher, Marguard, 190. Gataker, Thomas, 297. Godfrey, Bouillon, 282,316 Gregory IX, 316. Frelnshemius, 343. Gaubius, J. D., 449. Godfrey, code of, 421. Gregory, XII, 398. Freid, William, 79. Gauden, John, 369. Godfrey, Deborah, 423. Gregory III, 144. Freneau, Philip, 476. Gauner, Fychan, 364. Godfrey, Edmund, 402. Gregory, IV, 267. Freron, E. C., 98. Gaunt, John of, 51, 323. Godfrey, Thomas, 304. Gregory XVI, 215. Fresch, Joseph, 191. Gavazzi at Quebec. Godolphin, earl, 363. Gregory, John, 61. Frescobaldi, B., 220. Gaveston, Piers, 239. Godonoff, Boris, 148. Gregory, Mathew, 218. Fugger, A. M., 445. Gay, John, 460. Godonoff, Fedor, 231. Green, Bart., 365. Fulke, William, 99. Geary, admiral, 58. Godoy, Emanuel, 387. Green, Robert, 346. Fuller, d'Ossoli, 288. Gebelin, A. C. de, 187. Godwin, Mary W., 557. Green, Valentine, 253. Fuller, Thomas, 322. Ged, William, 405. Goodwin, William,139. Green, whipped, 409. Fulton, George, 345. Geddes, Alexander, 85. Godyn, Samuel, 469. Greene, Chris., 191. Fulton, Robert, 83. Gell, William, 54. Goergey. 316. Greene, Maurice, 344. Funes, Gregoria, 24. Gellert, C. F. 470. Goertz, G. H., 74. Greene, Nathaniel, 239. Furgler, Francis, 33. Geminiani, 365. Goethe, 114. Qreene Robert, 346. Furstenberg, prince, 117. Gendre, Lewis le, 471. Goff; Thomas, 294. QGreenhil, John, 198. Fuseli, Henry, 152. Genet, E. C., 140, 193, 277. Goffe at Hadley, 230, Qreenleaf mobbed, 293. Furneaux returned, 276. Gengis, Kahn, 334. Goffe & Whalley, 95. Gleenleaf, Simon, 390. Friedland, 233. Genis, madame, 483. Goldsborough, C., 472, Greenough, G. B 131. Frisi, Phial, 445. Genlis guillotined, 313. Goldsberugh, E,, 382, Greeuough, H., 43. 63* 502 INDEX. Greenwood, F. W. P., 303 Hallam, Lewis, 108, 349, Haurane, de, 396. Herodotus, 229. Greig, admiral, 462. 365. Haversham, lord 419. Heron, Robert, 149. Grenville, Richard, 335, Halle, Peter, 485. Haviland, John, 12'2. Herrera, Gen., 63, 212. 346. Haller, Albert, 469. Hawke, Edward, 402. Herrera, Dr., 239. Gresham Thomas, 443. Halley, Edmund, 26. Hawkesworth, 426. Herring executed, 140. Gresset, J. B. L., 235. Halliday, Andrew, 353. Hawkesworth, J., 437. Herrissant, 314. Greville, Fulk, 381. Hailoran, H., 127. Hawker, Robert, 130. Herschell, Caroline, 23. Grew, Nehemiah, 117. Halsam, John, 285. Hawkins, J., 21, 403, 432. Herschell, Sol., 418. Grey, Jane, 64, 433. Halstead, M., 127. Hawkins, John, 200. Herschell, Wmin., 157, 336. Grey, Richard, 87. Halsted, C. A., 258. Hawksmoor, N., 109. Hervey, James, 484. Grey, Zachary, 448. Hambden, John, 133. Hawkwood, John, 94. Hesse Cassel, landgrave, Grierson, James, 467. Hamel, H. L. du, 319. Hawes, Aylet, 152. 119. Griffin, E. D., 428. Hamel, J. B. du, 308. Hawes, William, 462. Heth, Joice, 80. Griffiths, Alex., 248. Hamilton fell, 271, 273. Hawley, Edmund, 454. Hevelius, John, 43. Griffiths, Ralph, 379. Hamilton of Bothwell- Haworth, A. H., 335. Hewes, G. R. T., 425. Grimaldi, 242. haugh, 37. Hay, James, 165, 215. Hewet, A., burnt, 287. Grimke, T. S., 397. Hamilton, duke, 97. Hay, William 239. Hewson, William, 175. Grindal, Edmund, 264. Hamilton, duke, 436, Haydn died, 26.i, Heyer, missionary, 399. Grindell, Eliz., 244. Hamilton, Eliz., 289. Hayer, J. N. H., 280. Heylin, Peter, 184. Grisi in New York, 328. Hamilton, Eliz., 429. Hayes, Charles, 476. Henry, African, 410. Griswold, Rufus W.7 339. Hamilton, James, 363. Hayes, Jacob, 243. Henry, David, 219. Gronovius, 407. Hamilton, Thomas, 464. Hayley, William, 433. Henry II, Castile, 209. Groombridge, 167. Hamilton, William, 117. Haynau mobbed, 348. Henry I, England, 307,431, Grose, Francis, 189. Hamilton, William, 182. Hayne, Isaac, 306. 456. Grosseteste, 386. Hammet, Benjamin, 398. Hayne, Robert Y,, 374. Henry II, 263, 266, 463. Grotius, Hugo, 339. Hammond, Henry, 165. Hayward, John, 250. Henry, III, 33, 63, 414, 436 Grout, Hilkiah, 294. Hammond, J. D., 327. Hazan, 211. Henry IV, 110. Grove, Henry, 86. Hammond burnt, 158. Hazelrig, Arthur, 133. Henry V, 49, 316, 318, 343. Grufydd, L. ap., 466. Hampden, John, 246. Hazlitt, William, 367. Henry VI, 240, 389. Grundy, Felix, 477. Hamtramck, J. F., 150. Head, George, 177. Henry VII, 31, 160. 309. Gruner, C. J., 60. Hancock John, 48,t204, Hearne, Thomas, 226. 328, 416. Gruner, C. G., 461. 230, 39k, 411, 416. Heath, general, 31. Henry VIII, 18, 20, 40, 43, Gruterius, Janus, 369. Handel, G. F., 82, 148,206. Heathfield, George, 364. 60, 93, 202. Guarina, G. B., 390. Hanmer, Thomas, 135. Heber, Reginald, 132. Henry VIII, 390, 396. Guerazzi exiled, 229. Hansard, Luke, 416. Heber, Richard, 387. Henry I, France, 305. Guelph I, 375. Hanway, Joseph, 349. Heberden, William, 195. Henry II, 253, 270. Guericke, Otho, 188. Hardenburg F. von, 109. Hecquet, Philip, 144. Henry III, 287, 300. Guerrero shot, 68. Harding, 342, 345. Hedge, Levi, 14. Henry IV, 24. 157,191, 291 Guillim, John, 182. Harding, F. A., 306. Hedwig, John, 58. Henry Frederick, 367. Guillotin, J. I., 206. Harding, Stephen, 121. Heemskirk, 196, 219. Henry I, Germany, 257. Guillotine, J. B. V., 122. Hardinge, George, 167. Hegel, G. W. F., 435. Henry II, 274. Guion, John J., 250. Hardinge, Nicholas, 141. Heidegger, J. J., 53. Henry III, 387. Guiscard, Robert, 281. Hardinge, N., 141. Heine, Heinrich, 75. Henry IV, 309. Guise, duke of, 82. Hardicanute, 223. Heinecken, C. H., 250. Henry V, 202. Guise, duke of, 481. Hardouin, John, 347. Heinse, William, 244. Henry VI, 378. Gunilda, 433. Hardy, Charles, 184, 346. Heinsius, N., 304. Henry I, of Hayti, 122. Gunnison, J. W., 449. Hargrave, Francis, 330. Heinsius, Daniel, 27. Henry, Matthew, 244, Gunter, Edmond, 466. Hariot, Thomas, 274. Heinsius, Nich., 390. Henry, Patrick, 221. Gustavus III, of Sweden, Harlan, Richard, 381. Helen and Judith, 412. Henry, prince, 424. 105, 123. ~ Harley, Francis de, 308. Helena, empress, 326. Henry, prince, 227. Gustavus Adolphus, 42b. Harley, Achille, 288. Heliogabalus, 98. Henry of Prussia, 304. Gustavus Adolphus IV, Harley, A. de, 409. Hellot, John. 68. Henry, Robert, 447. 59, 100, 104, 110, 187. Harley, Robert, 200. Helmont, J. B. van, 489. Henry, William, 346. Gustavus, revolution, 327 Harman, Thomas, 451. Heloise, 194. Hickes, George, 473. Gutenberg, 81, 425. Harold, 357, 398. Helvetius, 10,'484. Hidalgo, 30. Guthrie, G. J., 175. Harold 1, 194. Hemans, F. D., 194. Hieronymusslain, 472. Guthrie, John 187. Harpe, J. F., 63. Hemsterhuys, T., 139. Highmore, J., 92. Guthries, William, 97. Harper, Robert G., 28. Henault, C. J. F., 482. Highmore, Nath., 112. Guy, Thomas 475. Harrington, James, 357. Henderson, general, 77. Higginson, John, 465. Guyet, Francis, 146. Harrington, John, 320. Henderson, John, 421. Hildebrand, 203. Guyot, Gen., 50. Harrngton, Jon., 119. Henderson, P., 467. Hill, Aaron, 59. Guyot des Fontaines, 474. Harris, James, 479. Hendricks, William, 194. Hill, Isaac, 114. Gwinnet, Button, 208. Harrison, John, 116. Hendrik, King, 353. Hill, John, 444. Habington, William, 433. Harrison, Mr. 126. Heneage, 439. Hill, Rowland, 467. Hachete, Jeane, 270. Harrison, William, 67. Henley, captain, 30. Hill, Rowland, 145. Hacka executed, 405. Harrison, W. H., 134. Henley, John, 399. Hillhouse, J. A., 17. Hacket, John, 414. Harrod, William, 11. Hennepin, 87. Hillhouse, James, 488. Hackett, William, 295. Harry of Winchester, 305. Henrietta Marie, 314. Hillhouse, Robert, 149. Hadley attacked, 230. Hart, J. C.,'289. Henry, John, 97. Hillhouse, William, 11. Hafalgar slain, 375. Hart, John, 169. Hentz, C. Lee, 64. Hindmarsh, Robert, 13. Hagan, James, 215. Hartley, D. 477. Heraclius, 63, 471. Hippocrates, 312. Hagen, counsellor, 190. Hartstene, l.ieut., 213. Herard, 113. Hire, P. de la, 160. Hager, J. von, 251. Hartwick, J. C., 281. Herbelot, B. d', 464. Hirtius, consul, 150. Hahnemann, 280. Harvard, John, 377. Herbert, Edward, 328. Hirt, H. A., 253. Haillan, 446. Harvey, Thomas, 209. Herbert, George, 91. Hitchcock, Peter, 188. Hakluyt, R., 446. Harvey, William, 217. Herbert, Thomas, 89. Hoadley, Benjamin, 314. Halde, J. B. du, 386. Haskel, Samuel, 335. Herbert, William, 142. Hoadley, bishop, 154. Hale, Alexander, 333. Hasselquist, Fred., 60. Herbin, A. F. J., 489. Hoadley, John, 193. Hale, Matthew, 484. Hassler, F. R., 443. Herbois, Collot de, 134. Hobart, John H., 369. Hales, John, 198. Hassel, J. G. H., 32. Herder, J. G., 476. Hobbes, Thomas, 460. Hall, F. X., 95. Hastings, Thomas, 318. Heriter, de Brutelle, 322. Hobson, Thomas, 9. Hall, Frederick, 295. Hastings, Warren, 163, Herkimer, general, 308. Hoche, Lazarus, 363. Hall, Joseph, 353. 332. Herkimer, Nicholas, 328. Hodges, Capt., 53. Hall, Robert, 79. Hatchcock, Thomas, 149. Heresy, burning for, 158. Hody, Humphrey, 33. Hall, Thomas, 382. Hatton, Christopher, 442. Herod, birthday, 340. Hofer, Andrew, 77. INDEX. 503 Hoffman, E. T. W., 290. HovWe, Gen., 181, 205. Innocent II, 374. Jenkins, Leoline, 344. Hoffman, Michael, 378. Howe, killed, 262. Innocent III, 272, 279. Jenkins, Samuel, 15. Hoffman, Ogden, 175. Howe, lord, 181, 272, 321. Innocent IV, 470. Jenkins, tall clerk, 158. Hogarth, William, 411. Howe, Robert, 15. Innocent V, 248. Jenkinson, Charles, 475. Hogeveen, Henry, 420. Howe, S. J., 211. Innocent VI, 358. Jenner, Edward, 41, 216. Hogg, James, 444. Hoyle, Edmund, 340. Innocent VII, 425. Jennens, Charles, 442. Hogg, William, 44. Hubbard, J. H., 369. Innocent VIII, 295. Jennings, Sarah, 403. Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Hubbard, S. D., 393. Innocent XI, 302. Jenison, Silas, 382. 69. Hubbard, William, 361. Innocent XII, 377. Jenyns, Soame, 476. Holbrook, Josiah, 237. Hubert, Matthew, 113. Innocent XIII, 84. Jerome, 381. Holcroft, Thomas, 115. Huber, Francis, 481. Ipsilanti, N., 132. Jerome of Prague, 206,211 Holdswortb, E., 489. Huddy, Capt., 116. Ireland, Samuel, 228. Jerome's Bible, 140. Hole, Richard, 209. Hudson, Henry, 117, 137, Ireland, W. H., 155. Jerrold, Douglas, 224. Holland, lord, 408. 141, 154, 161, 174, 242, Irene banished, 291. Jervas, Charles, 422. Holland, P., 80. 258, 272, 346, 358, 363, Ireton, Henry, 45, 448,464. Jervis, John, 104. Hollar, Wentzel, 121. 370, 386, 449. Iron Mask, 441. Jessup, general, 39. Holles, T. Pelhamn, 210, Hueston, Samuel, 390. Irving, David, 193. Jessup, Samuel, 195. 438. Huet, Peter D., 41. Irving, Edward, 463. Jewel, John, 372. Hollis, lord, 72. Hufeland, 336. Isabella of Bavaria, 381. Joan of Arc, 18, 188, 204, Hollymore, Capt., 430. Huger, major, 188. Isabella of Castile, 449. 211. Holmes, Abiel, 218. Hugh, 149. Isabella of England, 331. Joan of Kent, 146. Holmes, John, 266. Hugh, illuminator 407. Istria, duke of, 175. Jocelyn, lord, 318. Holmes, Robert, 432. Hughes, Edward, i7, 23. Istrias, Casso d', 394. Joe Miller, 323. Holstein, Gen., 163. Hughes, Elizabeth, 115. Iturbide, 83, 197, 284. Johannes, Secundus, 391 Holt, John, 94. Hughes killed, 299. Ivan IV, 389. John of France, 204. Holty, L. H. C., 345. Hughes, John, 72. Ivanowitz, N., 127. John, drowned, 141. Holyday, Barten, 384. Hull, Gen., 67,119,J273,311 Ives, Edward, 375. John, evangelist, 485. Holyoke, Edward, 214. Hulse, Samuel, 11. Ives, John, 225. John, old, 21. Holyoake, E. A., 127. Humbert, general. 326. Ivory, James, 371. John V, Brittany, 339. Home, Everard, 343. Humboldt, 38, 141. Iwan, 322. John V, Brittany, 419. Home, Henry, 485. Hume, David, 342. Iwan IV, 109. John II, emperor, 131. Home, John, 348. Hume, historian, 336. Iwanowna, Anna, 414 John of England, 122,165, Hone, William, 426. Hume, Joseph, 77. Jackson, Andrew, 224. 189, 192, 239, 391. Hononus, 321. Hummrel, John, 403. Jackson, Andrew, 11, 45, John Lackland, 403. Honorius I, 397. Humphreys, David, 79. 102, 106. John I of France, 140. Hood, Capt., 37, 39, 40, 41, Humpton, Richard, 478. Jackson, F. J., 275, 428. John III, pope, 274. 158, 375. Hungerford, J. P., 479. Jackson, James, 33. John VIII, pope, 472. Hooft, P. C., 200. Hunis, William, 2'20. Jackson, John, 189. John X, pope, 257. Hoogeveen, H., 420. Hunniades, 348. Jackson, Joseph, 26. John XIII, 350. Hooke, Nathaniel, 283. Hunter, governor, 232,299 Jackson, Thomas, 107. John XIV, pope, 328. Hooke, Robert, 91. Hunter, Henry, 413. Jacob, Giles, 184. John XVIII died, 282. Hooker, Nicholas, 110. Hunter, John, 401. Jacob, William, 475. John XXI, 193. Hooker, Richard, 421. Hunter, William, 125. Jacobi, F. H., 98. John XXII, 460. Hooker, Thomas, 265. Hunter, William L., 460. Jacobi, J. G., 15. John XXIII, 444. Hoole, John, 303. Hunt, Abijah, 350. Jacobs, colonel, 353. John I, Portugal, 320. Hooper, John, 60. Hunt, Littleton, 100. Jacobsen, Rutger, 216. John II, Portugal, 408. Hopkins, Esek, 459. Huntington, Chris., 164. Jacquemont, V., 464. John IV', Portugal, 425. Hopkins, Ezekiel, 239. Huntington, countess,237 Jagemann, C. E., 53. John V, Portugal 299. Hopkins, Lemuel, I5ti. Huntington, J. W., 420. Jaillot, A. H., 135. Johnson, Guy, 20, 354. Hopkins, Samuel, 478. Huntington, Susan, 461. James, king, 22. Johnson, Isaac, 381. Hopkins, Stephen, 275. Huntington, Samuel, 17. James, pretender, 484. Johnson, John, 100, 201, Hopkinson, Francis, 185. Hurd, Richard, 209. James I, Arragon, 294. 473. Hopkinson, Joseph, 28. Huskisson, William, 363. James II, 421. Johnson, Joseph, 478. Hoquait, Mons., 22. Huss, John, 265. James 1, England, 26, 120, Johnson, Maurice, 57. Horace, 12, 450. Hutchins, Thomas, 170. 168, 239. Johnson, R. M., 442. Horn, Charles E., 407. Hutchinson, J. H., 349. James II, 36,93, 291, 307, Johnson, Samuel, 90, 272, Horne, George, 30. Hutchinson, John, 339. 364, 459, 469, 481. 470. Horneman, F. C., 147. Hutchinson, Thos., 217, James IV, 467. Johnson, S., 442. Horner, Dr., 422. 337. James I, Scotland, 76, 123, Johnson, Susan, 451. Horner, Francis, 60. Hutten, Ulric, 343. 201, 297, 303, 355. Johnson, Tom, 236. Horrox, Jer., 13. Hutton, Charles, 42. James III, 229. Johnson, William, 275. Horsley, John, 469. Hutton, doctor, 51. James V, 9, 470. Johnston, George, 299. Horsley, Samuel, 387. Hutton, J. S., 478. James VI, 120, 239. Johnston, J. F. W., 367. Hortense, Eugenie, 388. Hutton, William, 369. James VIII, 347. Johnstone, J., 434. Hosack, David, 481. Huyck, Jacob, 294.. James, Isabella, 277. Joliet's expedition, 236. Hosier, admiral, 333. Hujgens, Christian, 223. James, Robert, 114. Jonas, Justus, 393. Hospital, M. de 1', 101,103 Hyde, Anne, 347. James, William, 474. Jones, commodore, 305. Hotspur killed, 286, 287. Hyde, Edward, 465. James of York, 104. Jones, Inigo, 242. Hottinger, J. H., 219. Hyde, Law, 176. Jamison, John, 273. Jones, John Paul, 282. Houbracken, James, 484. Hyde, Thomas, 31. Jamison, Robert, 38. Jones, N. W., 21. Houchard, J. N., 436. Hyder Ally, 85, 378. Jansenius, C., 184. Jones, Roger, 234. Houdry, Vincent, 123. Hyrcanus, John, 56. Jarmon, Jane, 80. Jones, Samuel, 313. Houghton, Douglas, 398. Ibarra, J., 446. Jarvis, Russell, 167. Jones, Thos. Mount, 105. Houseman, Richard, 325. Ibbat, Benjamin, 135. Jay, John, 195. Jones, William, 11. How, Sylvanus, 14. Ibrahim, pasha, 466. Jay, Peter Aug., 77. Jones, William, 131, 168. Howard, Cath., 64, 310. Ibrahim, sultan, 327. Jebb, John, 90, 466. Jonson, Ben, 46, 51, 118, Howard, Charles, 471. Ifiand, A. W., 369. Jefferson, Thos., 130, 261, 265, 308. Howard, Edward, 165. Ignatius martyred, 477. 490. Jordan, Charles, 273. Howard, Henry, 32. Iller, 219. Jeffrey, Francis, 41. Jordan, Mrs., 263. Howard, John, 34. Inchbald, Elizabeth, 301. Jeffreys, George, 156. Jortin, John, 338. Howard, John, 420. Ingersoll, Mr., 15. Jeffreys, G., 325. Jose, Louis D., 420. Howard, Thomas, 361. Ingenhouz, John, 352. Jehan, shah, 35. Joshua, 115. Howe, admiral, 307. Ingoldsby sworn in, 293. Jem, 81. Josselies, 235. Howe, Caleb, 294. Ingraham, captain, 243. Jenkins, captain, 105. Joseph, archduke, 132. Howe, George, 188. Inman, John, 342. Jenkins, Henry,,462. Joseph, Portugal, 82, 459. 504 INDEX. Joseph I, 154. Kersaint, de, 462. Kutusoff, general, 170. La Salle, 40, 275, 310, 363, Joseph II, 77, 452. Kett, hanged, 442. Kuhlman, Q., 285. 419. Joseph, emperor 33. Key, Francis S., 24. Kyan, John H., 20. Latham, John, 64. Joseph, Lewis, 228. Key, John, 262. Kyrle, John, 426. Lathrop, Joseph, 490. Josephine, 21, 210, 458,474 Keysler, J. G., 241. Labadie, 73. Latimer, burnt, 401. Joubert, general, 26. Khan, Kherim, 101. Labarre executed, 256. Latreille, P. A., 58. Joubert, Laurent, 407. Khan, Khouli, 99. Labat, J. B., 18. Laud, William, 22. Jourdan, J. B., 446. Kia King, 347. Laborde, J. J. de, 156. Laudohn, G. E., 276. Jourdemain, Marg., 407. Kidd executed, 203. La Caille, 157. Laughlin, Andrew, 292. Jouthern, Thomas, 206. Kidd, John, 366. Lacepede, 388. Laura de Novis, 137. Jovellanos, 451. Kidd, Samuel, 231. La Cherette, 123. Laurens, colonel, 336,465, Jovianus, 71. Kidder, bishop, 449. Lackington, J., 445. 490. Joy, Richard, 197. Kieft, William, 121, 153. Lackland, John, 403. Laurens, Henry, 389. Juan George, 242. Kiell, John, 344. La Condamine, 53. Lavalette, 445, 479. Judah restored, 466. Kienlong, feast, 67, 452. Lacretelle, 350. Lavater, 13. Judd, Sylvester, 41. Kifer, Henry, 64. Lacrosse, captain, 28. Lavoisier, A. L., 185. Judson, A., 147. Kilmnarnock, earl, 326. Ladislaus I, 298. Law, Edmund, 321. Judson, Mrs., 215. King, Edward, 314. Ladislaus slain, 429. Law, Edward, 472. Juglaris, A., 435. King, Erasmus, 88. Ladislaus 1II, 98. Law, John, scheme, 203. Julian, 248, 468. King, James, 200. Ladislaus IV, 212. Law, William, 141. Julianus, Didius,i215. King, John, 125. Lady Murray taken, 235. Lawes, Henry, 407. Julius II, pope, 78. King, Henry, 290. Laennec, 319. Lawrence, Abbot, 327. Julius III, 114. King, Peter, 287. Laet, Jan de, 469. Lawrence, Amos, 491. Junius, 35. King, Rufus, 171. Lafayette, 19, 34, 293, 299, Lawrence, John L., 290. Junius, Adrian, 234. King, Wm., 184. 307, 325, 330, 336, 389, Lawrence, Richard, 45. Junius, Francis, 441. King, William, 237. 431. Lawrence, Thomas, 20. Junge, Joachim, 373. King, William, 484. Laferte captured, 281. Lawson, Henry, 333. Junot, Gen., 31 296. King, William R., 149. Lafitte, Jacques, 207. Lawson, John, 218. Jurauta shot, 283. Kingsley, James L., 343. Lagny, T. F. de, 146. Laynez, James, 32. Justin II, 387. Kingston, duchess, 339. Lagrange, J. L., 143. L'Estrange, Roger, 53. Justinian, code, 436. Kinney, colonel, 169. La Harpe killed, 200. Leake, John, 311. Justinian I 434. Kinney, H. L., 351. Laidlie, Archibald, 151. Leake, John, 300. Jussieu, A. de, 161. KipSis, Andrew, 39a. Lainer, Alex., 156. Leake, Stephen, 116. Juxon, William, 217. Kirby died, 261. Lake, Gerard, 77. Lebenyi, 74. Kaimes, lord, 485. Kirchman, John, 110. Lalande, 134, 139. Lebrecht, G., 359. Kaine, Thomas, 294. Kirgener killed, 202, Lallemant, Jerome, 41. Leclair, John, 409. Kaldan, 177. Kirkland, J. T., 167. Lally, Gen., 29, 35 181. Leclerc, G. L., 153. Kamehameha, 473. Kirkpatrick, David, 210, Lamarque, Max., 213. Le Clerc, Sebastian, 411. Kanava, 385. Kirstenius, Peter, 155. Lamb, Charles, 486. Ledra, William, 102. Kane, Elisha K., 71, 213, Kirtland, Turhand, 324. Lamb, John, 162. Ledyard, Benjamin, 428. 397. Kirwan, W. B.,413. Lamballe, M. T., de, 346. Ledyard, colonel, 351. Kant, Immanuel, 65. Kitchener, William, 86. Lambarde, William, 327. Ledyard, John, 30. Kantemir, prince, 89. Kittlewell, John, 146. Lanberg, count, 378. Ledoux, N. C., 441. Karamsin, N. M., 217. Kitto, John, 449. Lambert, captain, 488. Lee, Ann, 352. Karschin, A. L., 456. Klaproth, M. H., 11. Lambert, Daniel, 243. Lee, Arthur, 472. Kater, Henry, 167. Kleber, general, 38, 233. Lambert, Gen., 21, 23. Lee Boo, 432. Kauffman, M. A., 424, Kleist, E. C. de, 318. Lambert, J. H., 375. Lee Boo, prince, 486. Kay, John, 86. Klopstock, 103. Lambert, Jon., 53. Lee, Charles, 385, 470. Kay, J. E. de, 444. Klotz, C. A., 490. Lambertini, Prosper, 186. Lee, Fr. L., 64, 399. Kean, Edmund, 193. Kneeland, isamuel, 471. Lambton, J. G., 296. Lee, Harriet, 301. Kearney, S. W., 418, Knell, Robert, 239. Lancaster, duke, 51. Lee, R. H., 240. Keating, John, 199. Kneller, Godfrey, 412. Lancaster, Joseph, 410. Lee, Samuel, 474. Keats, George, 252. Knickerbacker, H., 46. Lancaster, Margaut, 253. Lee, Sophia, 102. Keats, John, 83. Knigge, baron, 181. Landafl bishop, 356. Legare, H. S., 242. Keble, Joseph, 339. Knight, A. T., 188. Landers, in Africn, 455. Legat, B., 101. Keill, James, 280. Knight, Deborah, 244. Lander, Richard, 50. Legendre, 23. Keimer, Samuel, 482. Knolles, Robert, 307. Lander died, 58. Leggat, Bart., 90. Keith, James, 399. Knox, Henry, 411, Lander, Thos. Dick, 211. Legge. George, 411. Kellerman, marshal, 359. Knox, John, 447. Lanfranc, 208. Legget, Willlam, 204. Kelley, Mrs., 440. Knox, John, 301. Langara, admiral, 29. Leicester, earl, 305. Kelly, Patrick, 136. Knox, Vicessimus, 35]. Langbaine, Girard, 61. L. E. L., 400. Kelly, Robert, 169. Knyphausen, baron, 216. Langdon, John, 367. Leland, John, 155. Kelseyv, Reuben, 335. Koempfer, Engelbert, 421. Langhorne, John, 129. Leland, William, 484. Kemble, Charles, 425. Koenig, G. M., 487. Langsdorf 342. Leibnitz, G. W., 434. Kemble, J. P., 86. Koerner, Theo., 404. Langton, Stephen, 268. Leicester, earl, 348. 380. Kemenyi, Benjamin, 17. Kohafah, 332. Languet, 396. Leicester earl of, 33. Kempenfeldt, 328, 341, 469 Koller, general, 333. Languet, Hubert, 369. Leigh, Edward, 216. Kempis, T. a, 291. Konig, 454. Lanjuinais, J, D., 28. Leigh, C. & O., 201. Ken, Thomas, 109. Korner, Theod., 337. Lansborough, David, 359. Leighton, Robert. 48. Kenmuer, earl, 82. Kosciusko, 64, 116, 131, Lansing, A. J,, 393. Leisler, Jacob, 105,193,217 Kennedy, E. P., 124. 282, 395, 401, 484. Lantier, F,, D'Etienne, Lemery, Nicholas, 239. Kennett, White, 477. Kossuth, 280,364, 372,462. 46. Lemoine, Henry, 173. Kennicott, Benj., 326. Koszta, Martin, 243, 258, Lanzi, Luigi, 125. Lemontey, P. E., 251. Kennison, David, 83. 301. Laplace, 94. Lempriere, John, 49. Kennison, Jenny, 486. Kotzebue, 115. La Proserpine captured, Lenoir, William, 182. Kenrick, William, 225., Kouli Khan, 87, 181, 201, 231. Lenox, Charlotte, 15. Kent, duke, 38. 223, 486. Larcher, P. H., 481. Lenthal, Wm., 347, 422. Kent, earl of, 150. Kover, Stephen A., 38. Lardner, N., 290. Leo I, pope, 421. Kernt, holy maid, 158, Krafti, major-general, 17. Lardner,apparatus burnt, Leo II, 202. Kent, James, 470. Krasinski, V., 481. 411. Leo III, pope, 227. Kenyon, Lloyd, 134. Kreutzer, Rodolphe, 19. LaRochi, Benjamin, 17. Leo III, emperor, 237. Keppel, Augustus, 385. Kuganoff, 231. Lascaille, Cath., 223. Leo IV died, 281. Kepler's canon, 192. Kugler, doctor, 449. Las Casas, count, 194. Leo V assassinated, 483, Kepler, John, 424. Kuhmius, J., 468. Lasci, John de, 25. Leo VI, emperor, 224. Kermaodc, H., 379, Kusten, Ludolf, 397. Lascy, M. de, 454, Leo X, 456. INDEX. 505 Leon, Diego, 391. Lodi, Ibrahim, 159. Lucas, lord, 60. Mal, Angelo, 356. Leon, J. P. de, 111. Lofft, Capel, 206. Lucas, Margaret, 58. Mailla, Joseph de, 251. Leonidas, 309. Logan, chief, 452. Lucius III, 418. Maillard, Oliver, 231. Leopold, Chas., deposed, Logan, Deborah, 51. iLucretius, Titus, 400. Maillefert, engineer, 119. 208. Logan, James, 418. Ludewig, H. E., 470. Maintenon, madame, 151. Leopold I, 180. Logan, John, 486. Ludolphus, Job, 140. Mairan, J. J., 77. Leopold, II, 89. Llewellyn, 320. Lugo, John, 329. Maire, J., 46, 475, 490. Leopold of Lorrain, 120. Llorente, 56. Lukins, George, 231. Mairs, George, 396. Leopold, prince, 168. Lloyd, Robert, 473. Lully, Raymond, 122. Maitland, James, 360. Leopold, Saxe Coburg, Lloyd, William, 342. Lully, J. B., 113. Maitland, John, 386. 269. Lombard, J. L., 129. Lumesdaine, captain, 17. Maitland,. Perigrine, 212. Lepidus, M. E., 93. Lombard, Petelr, 285. Lumsden, M., 127. Maitland, Richard, 110. Lasage, A. R., 438. Lombardini, 58. Luna, A. de, 217. Majorian, J. V., 309. Lescure, 92. Lomonozoff, M., 133. Lunardi, aeronaut, 349, Malagrida, G., 370. Leslie, Charles, 148. Longbeard, Wm., 138. 363. Malaval, Francis, 192. Leslie, John, 422. Long, Edward, 101. Lupus, Rutilins, 227. Malcolm slain, 377. Lessing. G. E.. 68. Longfellowv, Stephen, 303. Lusk, John, 224. Malcolm III, 454. Letts, Ann, 387. Longinus, 103. Luther, Martin, 30,73,150, Malcolm IV, 465. Lettsom. J. C., 420. Long-Kiewa, 358. 233, 381, 417, 466, 474. Malcolm, John, 213. Leuenhoek, 337. Long, Roger, 474. Luxemburg, 222. Maldonado, Fr., 160. Leuchtenberg, 79. Longueville, due de, 230. Lydiat, Thomas, 131. Malebranche, 308. Levaillant, F., 445. Lopez, 221, 290, 305, 341, Lynde, Humphrey. 232. Malesherbes, 161. Leval, general, 17. 345. Lyndhurst, governor, 63. Malfilaster, 95. Lever, Anthony. 46. Loring, colonel, 305. Lyttleton, George, 331. Malhiot, M.. 88. Levesque, Eugene, 17. Lorrain, duke, 120. Lyttleton, lord, 450. Mallbran, 373. Levins, docter, 274. Lorraine, Henry de, 481. Lyons, Israel, 175.. Mallet, Davist, 160. Levy, Lyon, 31. - Lorraine, R. le, 214. Maboul, James, 200. Mallet shot, 416. Lewis, Charles, 28. Losa, Isabella, 93. Macalpine, John, 462. Malone, Edmund, 205. Lewis & Clark, 373, 426, Lothaire, 90. Macarthy, Charles. 36. Malpighi, M., 453. 443, 483. Lothaire 1, 378. Macartney, D. B., 127. Malte Brun, C., 472. Lewis, Dixon H., 412. Lothaire It, 460. Macauley, Catharine, 246. Malthus, T. R., 438. Lewis, Enoch, 277. Louhterbourg, 99. Macauley, Z., 191. Malvezzi, Virgilio, 315. Leris, Francis, 471. Louis I of ATiion, 369. Macchabaeus, J., 462. Mandeville, Bernard de, Lewis, Morgaen, 140. Louis, dauphin. died, 149.,Macbeth slain, 461. 35. Lewis, William, 454. Louis I, Poland, 358. Macbride, David, 471. Mandeville, John de, 437. Lewis, Zachariah, 435. Louis I, France, 240. Macdonald, gen., 21, 36. Manley, Mary, 271. Leyden, John, 339, 354. Louis II, France, 142. Mactarlane, Robert, 311. Manly, John, t5. Lhuvd, Edward, 256. Louis I, Germany, 339. Macuillivray, 350. Mann, Jacob, 475. Liberius, pope, 374. Louis II, Germany, 318. Machiaeveli, 244. Manners, Capt., 252. Lichnowski, prince, 365. Louis V, Germany, 396. Machin, John, 222., Manners, George, 71. Lichtenhbelg, G. C., 82. Louis III, 305. Machin, Thomas, 132. Manners, John. 403. Liddiard, William, 396. Louis IV, 356. Macintosh, 31. Manning, Thomas, 177. Lighftoot, John, 462. Louis V, 200. Mack, E., 287. Manny, Walter, 312. Ligne, prince de, 471. Louis VI, 300. Mackay, Alex., 152. lManoel, Francisco, 260. Liholiho, 473. Louis VII, 366. Mackenzie, A. S., 361. Mansfield, count, 112. Lilburne, John, 340. Louis VIII, 427. Mackenzie, G., 176. Manstield, lord, 111, 217. Lillo, George, 347. Louis IX, 113, 164, 256,335 Mackenzie, Henry, 19. 27, Mantell, G. A., 430. Lilly, astrologer, 225. Louis X, 223. 392. Manteo, 319. Lily, grammarian. 83. Louis XI, 341. Mackintosh, James, 212. Manuel, F., 84. Ljangstedt, A., 430. Louis XII. 9. Macklin, Charles, 271. Manutius, Aldus, 414. Limberch, P., 173. Louis XIII. 179. Maclain, Arch., 443. Manutiuns, Paul, 137. Limerick, bishop, 466. Louis XV, 17, 69, 186. Maclaurmn. Colin, 232. Mapletoff, John, 429. Lin, commissioner, 108. Louis XVI, 35, 37, 5.3 156, M}aclure, William, 115. Mapp, Mrs., 368. Linacre, Thomas, 406 160, 193, 212, 241, 242, Macomb, Alex., 248. Mar, earl, 289, 316, 414. Lincoln, Benjamnin, 37. 243, 344, 369. Macpherson, James, 72. Mara, madame, 217. Lindsay, John, 242. Louis XYIII, 101, 138,178, Macquer, Peter, 70. Marat. 88, 275. Lingard, John, 275. 195, 224, 267, 365. Macready hissed, 183. Marc Antony, 300. Linguet guillotined, 250. Louis Napoleon, 457, 458, Macrinuns, M. O. S., 221. Marcellas, triumph, 450. Linn, John Blair, 342. 460, 462. Madai, F. 412. Marchi, earl, 4- 2. Linn, L. F., 3S6. Louis Philip, 134, 294, 310. Maddeburgh. I)ishop, 240. Marchand, Prosper, 232. Linnaus, Charles, 419. Louis I, Spain, 329. Madden, Samuel, 489. Mlarcus Aurelius Carus, Linne, Charles, 23. Lollis, Wm. I, 14. IMaddox, Isaac, 377. 483. Linsley, J. H., 485. Louisa of Denmark, 464. Madison, James, 252. Marcus Lucullus, 489. Linzee captured, 312. Louisa, da. Linneus, 113. Madison, James, 95. Marcy. William L., 262. Lipsius, Justus, 114. Louvel, P. L., 266. Madison, president, 105. Mardonius, general, 371. Lfile, Alice, 346. Lovat, lord, 141. Maecenas, C. C., 426. Mareby, G. W., 440. Lisle, William de, 40. Love, Christopher, 331. Maelzel, John, 286., Margaret of Anjou, 335. Litta. Pompeo, 325. Lovejoy, E. P., 427. Maelzel, Leonrd, 353. Margaret, Scotland, 436. Littleton, Adam, 254. Lox vel, James, 271. Maffit. J. N. 209. Mark, St., 165. Littleton, Charles, 480. Lovelace, governor, 475. Macellan, 34, 94, 165, 313, Markland, Jer., 266. Littleton, Thomas, 332. Lovelace, countess, 451. 350, 450. Marmont, 91, 111. Livermore, A., 257. Loveweli, captain, 184. Maginn, William, 369. Marmontel, J. F., 490. Liverpool, earl, 475. Lovibond, Edward, 377. M:jistus, S. de, 389. Maria Louisa, 130. Liverpool, lord, 476. Lowndes, Wiiliam. 413. Magnentius, 313, 378. Maria of Portugal, 430. Livingston, Edwvard,'203. Lowry, Wilson, 246. Magnus, Albertus, 435. Maria Therese, 453. Livingston, Peter R., 33. Lowth, Robert, 422. Magoun, Thacher, 154. Maria, vocalist, 81. Livitgston, Philip, 230. Lowth, William, 195. Mahikov, A. N., 283. Mariana, Juan, 56. Livingston, R. R., 85. Loyd, Henry, 239. Mahmond II, 257. Marie Antoinette, 401. Livingston, William, 291. Loydi, Anthony, 98. Mahomet, Baba, 273. Marillac, L. de, 186. Livy, 12. Loyola, 32, 299, 488. Mahomet, 221, 371, 391, Mario in New.York, 328. L'Overtlnre, 70, 168. Lubar, 233. 429. Marius, Caius, 29. Locke, doctor, 17, 271. Lubienietski, 196. Mahomet II, 177. Mariveaux, P. C. de, 63. Locke, John, 414. Lubin, Augustin. 106. MahometIII, 478. Marlboro, earl, 424. Lockhart, J. G., 449. Lucchesni, G.. 405. Mahomet IV, 244. Marlboroqgh, duchess Lockman, John, 50. Lucanus, M, A., 172, Mahomet V, 470. 316. 64 506 INDEX. Marlowe, Chris., 214. Maurepas, 444. Mellen, Grenville, 350. Mitchell, Elisha, 251. Marly, Plessis, 431. Maury, Mrs., 382. Mellen, Prentice, 491. Mitchell, Joseph, 57. Marot, psalms of, 89. Mayor, William, 488. Melmoth, Wm., 103, 137. Mitchell, T. L., 389. Marquette, father, 236. Mavrocordato, 19. Melville, James, 419. Mitford, Mary Russell,23. Marsais, C. C. du, 228. Maximian, triumph, 442. Melville, lord, 208. Mitford, William, 60. Marrast, Armand, 113. Maximillian, E., 85. MNlenage, Giles, 288. Modana taken, 231. Marsden, William, 389. Maximilian I, 24. Menard, general, 19. Moellendorf, general, 43. Marsh, Herbert, 175. Maximilian 1I, 397' Meneke, J. B., 129. Mohammed, A. A., 343. Marshall, John, 265. Maximilian, L. 489. Mendajores, 436. Mohun, lord, 436. Marshall, John, 381. Maximus, M., 295. Mendelsohn, 359. Moine, Francis le, 218. Marsham, John, 206. Maximus, M. C. P., 229. Mendoza died, 260. Moir, D. M., 265. Blarshman, James, 462. Maximus murdered, 277. Mengs, A. R., 253. Molai, J. de, 187. MIarsigli, L. F., 419. Maxwell, Gen., 20. Menochius. James, 52,314. Mole, count, 448. Marsten, John, 247. Maxwell, Robert, 268. Menon, J. F., 319. Molesworth, Robert, 201. Martel, Charles, 407. May, Henry, 474. Mentz, archbishop, 245. Molesworth, Wm., 408. Martin, Benjamin, 61. May, T., 361, 433. Menzikoftf Alex., 421. Moliere, 28, 72. Martin, D. Jose, 95. Mayer, Tobias, 77. Mercator, Gerard, 457. Mollna, conde de, 99. Martin, G. W., 242. Mayerne, Theodore, 103. Mercer, colonel. 320. Molinier, J. B., 104. Martin I, pope, 364. Mayhew, Jonathan, 269. Mercer, Hugh, 24, 32. Molloy, Charles, 280. Martin, James, 292. Maynadier, H., 432. Merchiston, baron, 131. Molyneux, 396. Martin, John, 328. Maynard, John, 393. Merci killed, 304. Motnboddo. lord, 206. Martin, John, 68. Mayne, Jasper, 462. Mercier, Bart., 190. Mongault, N. H., de, 322. Martin Luther, 271. Mayne, John, 103. Meredith, Samuel, 77. Monge, Gaspard, 296. Martin, Thomas, 95. Maynwaring, A., 433. Merian, Maria Sybilla, 25 Monis, Judah, 165. Martinique,235. Mazzini, 58. Mercurialis. J., 428.. Monk. George, 13, 53, 60, Martinusiun, G., 475. MecAdame, J. L., 450. Merry, Robert, 483. 64, 78. Martos, Ivan P., 155. McClure, George, 324. Messenhausen, Gen., 436. Monmouth beheaded, 278 Martyr, Peter, 432. McClure, Samuel, 476. Metacom, 308, 317. Monnier, P. C., le, 352. Marnitlo, Francis, 286. McCowen, Mrs., 131. Metastasio, 18, 146. Monnoye, B. de la, 400. Maruszewich, 264. McCord, D. J., 189. Metcalte, Thomas, 327. Monro, John, 486. Marvell, Andrew, 297. McCrie, Thomas, 308. Meton, 189, 250. Monroe, Alex., 270. Marvin, Dudley, 248. McCulloch, John, 330. Metius, Adrian, 376. Monroe, James, 261, 322. Mary of Cleves, 416. McDonald, Daniel, 39. Meunier, trial, 167. Monson, lord, 391. Mary of England, 20, 89, McDonald, Donald, 348. Meursius, John, 369. Mont, J. M. du, 114. 291, 438. McDonald, James, 329. Meux, brewvats, 355. Montagu, M. W., 330. Mary, princess, 423. McDonald, marshal, 376 Meyer, James, 54. Montague, Basil, 486. Mary II, of England, 486. McDonald, Samuel, 182. Mezerai, F. E. de, 270. Montague, Charles, 198. Mary, queen of Scots, 149, McDonough, Corn., 66,430 Meziriac. Claude, 85. Montague, Edward, 208. 176, 192, 193, 228, 274, McDonough, John, 413. Mantonimoh, 116. Montague, E. W., 173. 278, 289, 330, 396, 445, McDougal, A., 120. Michael, Angelo, 71. Montague, Eliz., 336. 463, 4t6. McDowell, James, 335. Michael II, 383. Montague, Mary W., 107. Mazarin, Julius, 97, 317. McFeely, George, 33. Michael, III, 374. Montague, Richard, 148. Masaniello, 265, 279. McGuire, aeronaut, 189. Michael VIII, 468. Montaigue, M. de, 360. Mascaron, Julius, 474. McGwinn, Samuel, 49. Michaelis, J. B., 380. Montault, Philip de, 54. Masclef, Francis, 447. McHenry, James, 178. Michaelis, J. D., 408, Montcalm, 312. Maseres, Francis, 198. M'Kean, Thomas, 247. Michofsky, 152. Montellucco, 14. Masham, A., 463. McKeehan, Samuel, 46. Michaelowitz, Alex., 62. Montesquieu, J. B., 281. Masharn. D., 158. McKeen, Joseph, 279. Mickle, W. J., 411. Montesquieu, baron, 62. Maskelyne, 61. McKeever, Isaac, 130.. Micrelius, John, 459. Montezuma, 254. Mason, George, 423. McKenlzie, Coin., 34. Middleton, Arthur, 10. Montfaucon, B. de, 479. Mason, George, 391. McKerhine, G., 457. Middleton, Conyers, 296. Montferrat, C.. 168. Mason, John, 158. McLean, L. E., 400. Middleton, Hugh, 439. Montford, countess, 312. Mason. I. L., 350. McLeod arrested, 42. Middleton, T. F., 268. Montgoltier died, 219, 249 Mason, S. T., 15. McMabone, Hugh, 437. Mifflin, Thomas, 34. Montgomery, G. de, 249. Mason, William, 139. McMahon, Bernard, 367. Mignard, P., 101. Montgomerle, Gov., 27, Massasoit, 113. McNeil, Hector, 101. Milbourne executed, 193. 286. Massena, Andrew, 111,134 McNeil, W. G., 71. Mildmay, Walter, 212. Montgomery, Gen., 456, Massieu, William, 376. McNeven, W. J., 274. Miles, Jeremiah, 66. 490. Massillon, J. B., 379. McNutt, A. G., 408. Mill, Henry, 484. Montgomery, poet, 173. Massinger, Philip, 106. McPheeters, Win., 427. Mill, James, 246. Monti, Vincent, 398. Mather, Cotton, 66. McPherson, H., 100. Mill, Johnl, 245. Montigni, S. M. de, 181. Mather, Increase, 333. Mead, Richard, 70. Milla, Philip, 476. Montnmorency, A. de, 429. Mather, Samuel, 250. Mead, William, 414. Miller, Andrew, 223. Montmorency, H. de, 129. Matheiv, father, 466. Meagher, T. F., 209. Milledoler, Philip, 372. Montmorency, H. de, 417. Matilda, 49, 356. Mechain, P. F. A., 369. Miller, Joseph, 323. Montmorency, M. de,447. Mattaire, Michael, 306. Mecklenburgh, deposed, Miller, J. M., 243. Montocchio, Romeo, 99. Matthews, Charles, 252. 209. Miller, John, 212. Montucla, J. E., 476. Matthews, Gert., 17. Medhurst, doctor, 39. Miller, Samuel, 20. Moody, John, 434. Matthews, John, 179. Medicis, Cosmo de, 300, Miller, William, 478. Moor, Mordecai, 325. Matthews, printer, 239. 386. Mills, Charles, 394. Moore, Ed ward, 87. Matthews, Mrs., 311. Medicis, H. de, 319. Mills, Robert, 92. Moore, Elizabeth, 49. Matthews, Tobias, 123. Medicis, John, 99, 456. Milner, Isaac, 130. Moore, Hanlnah, 353. Matthieu, Louis, 448. Medicis, J. Angelo, 465. Milner, Joseph, 436. Moore, James, 152. Matthieu, P., 397. Medicis,Julius de 376,451. Milo, 143. Moore, sir John, 17, 29. Matti, Emanuel, 476. Medicis, L., 140, 166. Milton, 250, 345, 427. Moore, John, 77. Maturin, C. R., 417. Medicis,Mary de, 259. Mina died, 483. Moore, Jonas, 324. Maty, Matthew, 302. Medicis, P. de, 457. Minavieu, M. N., 271. Moore, Thomas, 86. Maud, 138, 369, 381. Medina, duke, 311. Mir Cassim defeated, 408. Moore, T. P., 287. Maur, C. de, 448. Meerman, John, 323. Mirabeamu, count, 122,130.,Moratin, L. F., 243. Maurlce, Gustavus, 328. Meersch, J. vander, 362. Mirabeau, elder, 276. Morant, Philip, 448. Maurice of Nassau, 162. Mehul, S. H., 404. Mireus, A., 404. Morbihan, 221. Maurice of Saxe, 454. Melancthon, 70, 113, 156. Miranda, general, 28. Moreau, general, 72. Maurice of Saxony, 107. Melllourne, Luke, 151. Miranda, 50, 304, 306, 319. Mordaunt, Charles, 411. Maury, James, 81. Melchoir, F., 477. Mirandula, earl, 438. More, Henry, 344. Maupertius died, 294. Melcher, John, 225. Mitchell, David,205. More, Thomas, 262. INDEX. 507 Moreau, Gen., 338, 346. Musgrave, William, 481. Niles, Hezekiah, 131. Opdam, admiral, 217. Moreau, J. N., 120. Muys, L. N. V., 395. Niles, John M., 213. Opecancanough, 120. Morecroft, Thomas, 258. Myronides, 13. Ninigret, 369. Opie, John, 142. Morel, Andrew, 142. Nadir, shah, 213, 241. Noah, 295, 412, 428. Optius, Martin, 328. Moerl, Frederick, 250. Nani, J. B., 424. Noah, M. M., 114. Oporinus, John, 264. Moreri, Lewis, 270. Nanteuil, Robert, 475. Noailles. L. A. de, 179. Osborn, Danvers, 390. Mores, E. R., 452. Napea, Osep, 164. Noailles, marshal, 207. Osborne, Francis, 63. Morgan, C. W., 17. Napier, George, 364. Nolan, L. E., 412. Osborne, governor, 397. Morgan, Lodowick, 318. Napier, John, 131. Nollikins, J., 163. Osborne murdered, 161. Morgan, Wm., 356, 358. Napoleon(see Bonaparte) Nolin, J. B., 256. Osceola, 46. Morgan, William, 358. Napoleon, 313, 322, 458. Noodt, Gerard, 322. Osgood, Samuel, 318. Morghen, R., 145. Napoleon II, 111. Norfolk, duke, 39. Osiander, Andrew, 402. Morlce, William, 469. Napoleon III, 24, 458. Norfolk, duke of, 214. Osman I., 198. Morler, James, 91. Nares, James, 62. Normand, Alexis, 218. Osorio, Jerome, 328. Morin, J. B., 425. Nash, John, 190 Norodsky, Alex., 18. Ossat, Arnold d', 101. Morno, Stephen, 180. Nash, Richard, 51. North, Francis, 349. O'Sullivan, T. S., 420. Morison, James, 178. Nasmitll, A., 145. North, lord, 307. Oswald, 300. Morland, George, 416. Nassau, prince of, 275. Northampton, marquis, Oswy, 397. Morland, Samuel, 489. Nattier, Lawrence, 485. 30. Osell, John, 400. Mornay, P. de, 431. Naudeus, Gabriel, 297. Northcote, James, 275. Otho the great, 182. Morris, Charles, 42,273. Naunton, Robert, 133. Northumberland, 371. Otho II, poisoned, 463. Morris, Gonlv., 424. Naumann, J. G., 409. Norton, Andrews, 367. Otho IV, 197. Morris, Robert, 77, 185. Naylor, James, 475. Norton, A. S., 187. Otho of Greece, 46, 215,, Morris, R. H., 410. Nazianzen, G., 449. Norton, John P., 350. 392. Morris, Roger, 30. Neal and Fordyce, 235. Norton, Thomas, 31. Otho, M. S., 158. Morris, Thomas, 63. Neander, Michael, 166. Nostrodamus, M., 258. Otis, H. G., 415. Morrison, Robert, 301. Necker, James, 142, 271. Nott, Samuel, 207. Otis, James, 203. Morse, Jedediah, 225. Needham, J. T., 489. Noue, J. S. de la, 436. Ottley, Wm. Young, 206. Mortier, marshal, 296. Neele, Henry, 59. Nourse, John, 164. Ottocar, 337. Mortimer, J. H., 53. Neff; Felix, 147. Nourse, Joseph, 345. Ottway, Thomas, 149. Mortimer, Roger, 452. Nehemiah, 309. NovaliP, 109. Orange, prince o1; 31, 162, Morton, James, 36. Neibuhr, C., 167. Noves, Laura de, 137. 270, 413, 489. Morton, Thomas, 122. Neild, J. C., 342. Novlkov, N. I, 316. Orbegozo, k94, 311. Morveau, J. B. G. de, 13. Nelson, lost arm, 290,407. Nowell, Alex., 66. Orellana, F. de, 187. Moscherosch, J. M., 133. Nelson, Robert, 29. Noy, 312. Oriani Barnaba, 433. Moses, 58. Nelson, Thomas, 15. Nugent, George, 159. Orleans, duchess of, 221, Moskwa, princess, 260. Nelson, T. M., 430. Nugent, Thomas, 208. 254. Moss, Robert, 119. Nemours, Dupont, 309. Numerianus, 358. Orleans duke, 57, 425, 445, Mossequin, Jean, 131. Nemours, duke, 52. Oates's plot, 351, 417. 458. Motherwell, Wm., 420. Neri, Philip, 206. Oberkampf, 387. Orleans, P. J. d'. 126. Motte, A. H. de la, 484. Nerli, Philip, 30. Oberlin, J. J., 395. Orme, Robert, 26. Motteux, P. A., 75. Nero, 27, 104, 131. Obookiah, H., 72. Ormond, duke, 118. Mottley, John, 417. Nero, C. D., 223. Obrecht, Ulric, 308. Orrery, earl of; 339. Moule, Tlomas, 233. Nesbit,.Charles, 30. O'Bryen, Patrick, 345. Orsini, V. M., 197. Moultrie,Wm., 51, 378. Nestorius, heretic, 243. Oakley, Samuel, 312. Ortelius, A., 251. Mourtrie, Jean, 11. Neufchateau, F. de, 22. O'Connell, Daniel, 193, Orton, Job, 284. Mozart, 462. Neufville, James, 199. 212, 399. Orville, J. P. d', 362. Muehlenberg, G.H.E., 203 Neukirch, Benj., 322. O'Connor, A. C., 163. Oudin, Francis, 169. Muehlenberg, H. M., 391. Neuville, C. F. cte, 274. O'Connor, Feargus, 343. Oudinot, general, 305. Muggleton, L., 100. Newcastle, dutchess, 58. Ocunnastota, 70. Oudri, J. B., 174. Muir, James, 151. Newcastle, duke, 210,438. Odesclchi 317. Ouellet, Charlotte, 295. Mulcaster, Richard, 150.. Newcome, William, 23. Odoacer, 93, 377. Oughtred, William, 230. Mulet, Pandulph, 162. Newell, Harriet, 455. O'Donahoe, Patrick C37 Oultremont, countess, 391 Mulgrave, lord, 294, 395, Newhoff Theodore. 468. Oeder, G. L., 415. Overbury, Thomas, 363. Muller, C. O., 311. Newland, Abm., 444. Offa died, 252. Overton, major, 21. Muller, O. F. 485. Newman, colonel, 387. Ogden, Aaron, 158. Ovid, 12. Muller, Robert, 354. Newport, Chris., 166, 215. Ogden, D. B., 280. Owen, John, 334, 400. Munday, Anthony, 314. New, Ross, 219. Ogden, Matthias, 127. Owen, John, 376. Munnich, B. C., 401. Newski, Alexander, 172. Ogilby, John, 348. Owens, John, 83. Munoz, general, 307. Newton, G. S., 308. Oglethorp, Gen., 21, 64, Owtram, William, 333. Munson, iEneas, 332. Newton, Isaac, 110. 251 254, 417, 424. Oxberry, William, 225. Mlunzer, Thomas, 193. Newton, John, 484. Ohey, John, 153. Oxenstiern, 339. Murad Bey, 161. Ney, marshal, 464. Ojeda, Alonzo de, 199. Ozenham, James, 131. Murat, 13, 114, 190, 200, Nicander, K. A., 59. O'Keefe, John, 54. Oz, Maney, 208. 279, 398. Nlcanor, 65. Olbers, Dr., 122, 124. Pachaumon, L. P. de, 175 Murat Kan, 398. Nicephorus I, 290. Olearius. Godfrey, 429. Pacheco, Marit a, 412. Murchison, Kenneth, 301. Niceron, J. F., 371. Oldcastle, John, 471. Packard, Asa, 91. Murdoch, James, 315. Niceron, J. P., 267. Oldenbarneveldt, 149,190. Packingham, general, 11. Muretus, M. A., 217. Nicholas of Lyra, 409. Oldenburgh, duke, 87. Packer, J., 48. Murillo, painter, 9 Nicholas of Russia, 45. Oldfield, Anne, 409. Packington, Dorothy, 184 Murphy, Arthur, 238. Nicholas 1, 91. Oldham, John, 265. Padillo defeated, 160. Murphy, John, 193. Nicholas III, pope, 331. Oldmixon, John, 268. Paer, Fernando. 178. Murphy killed, 225. Nicholas V, 115. Olds, G. S., 232. Paez, Fr. Alvarez, 184. Murray, Com., 389. Nichols, Charlotte, 213. Oldys, William, 151. Paez, president, 40, 118. Murray, Alex., 152. Nichols, John, 450. Olga, of Russia, 355. Pagan, B. F. de, 439. Murray, earl, 37, 331. Nicholson, governor, 480. Olin, Stephen, 324. Paganini, baron, 208. Murray, James, 261. Nicholson, James, 345. Oliveyra, F. X. de, 403. Page, John, 396. Murray, James, 43. Nicholson, Margaret, 302. Olybrius, 409. Pagi, Francis, 35. Murray, John, 251. Nicole, Claude, 445. Omar, era begun by, 279. Pagot, W. H., 170. Murray, Lindley, 71. Nicole, Peter, 437. Omar I, assassinated, 425. Paine, King, 378. Murray, William, 111. Nidhard, J. E., 48. O'Meara, B. E., 217. Paine, R. T., 188. Murray, William, 273. Niebuhr, historian, 13. Ommegank, 31. Paine, Thomas, 10, 220, Muschenbroek, 368. Nieuentyd, Bernard, 212. O'Niel killed, 222. 224, 373. Mustapha III, 15. Nightingale, Joseph, 313. O'Niel, John, 41. Paine, Thomas, 50. Muscnlus, 341. Nikon, 323. Onslow, Arthur, 50. Paisiello, John, 220. 508 INDEX. Paixham, general, 320. Pavilion, Nicholas, 464. Peters, Philips, 461. Pigalle, J. B., 329. Palaeologus, John, 417. Pawlinn, Albert, 430. Peters burnt, 287. Pignatelli, 272, 377. Palaeologus, pope, 468. Payne, J. Howard, 22. Peters, S. J., 316. Pike, Mr., 168, 313. Palafox, J. de, 381. Payne, Richard, 165. Peterson, Charles, 25. Pilkington, Letitia, 340. Paley, William, 205. Pays, Rene le, 172. Peterson, John D., 32. Pinau, G. du, 400. Palisot de Beauvais, 35. Peabody, O. W. P., 266. Petion, 28, 122. Pinckney, Charles, 416. Palkul, J. R. de, 382. Pearce, Elizabeth, 86. Petit, Anthony, 407. Pinckney, Henry, 197. Palladio, Andrea, 308. Pearce, Richard, 18. Petit, J. L., 158. Pinckney, R. S., 269. Pallas, Peter S., 352. Pealson, John, 280. Petit, Peter, 3&9. Pinckney, William, 84. Palm, John Philip, 336. Peck, Francis, 319. Petit, Thomas M., 213. Pinckney, Thomas, 421. Palmer, captain, 17. Pecocke. Isaac, 333. Petiver. James, 158. Pinkerton, John, 98. Palmer, Job, 61. Pedro abdicated, 138. Petrarch, 140, 283. Pinard guillotined, 473. Palmer, John, 303. Pedro of Portugal, 459. Petrarch, Czartan, 16. Pineda, 307, 371. Palmer, Thomas, 371. Peiresc, 246. Petrovitz, Alexis. 249. Pinnock, S., 153. Palomino, V. Y., 148. Pelagins II, 64. Pett, Thomas, 216. Pintard, John, 242. Pamela, 203. Pelham, 95. Petty, William, 474. Pinto, Ramon, 114. Pamelius, James, 368. Pelissier, general. 194. Peucer, Gaspard, 375. Pinzon, V. Y., 433. Pamphilius, 70. Pell, John, 469. Pezron, Paul, 394. Pio, Albert, 169. Pan, 68. Pellico, Silvio, 49. Pfeffel, G. C., 175. Piozzi, H. L., 176. Pan, J. M. du, 192. Pelliseo, Hugh, 109. Phaer, Thomas, 317. Piron, Alexis, 35. Panckoucke, C. J., 477. Pellegrin, S. J., 349. Pharaoh drowned, 187. Pitcairne, A., 221, 406. Pandulph in England,189 Pembroke, earl, 48. Phelps, A. G., 455. Pistrucci, Benedetto, 365. Panin, count, 127. Pembroke, countess, 375. Phidias, 394. Pithou, Peter, 419. Pannis, von, burnt, 204. Pendergrass, 67. Philadelphus, Fr., 299. Pitkin, Timothy, 476. Pantagruel, 438. Pendleton, E., 412. Philadelphus, P., 420. Pitot, Henry, 485. Panzer, G. W., 269. Penn, John, 412. Philidor, 62, 342. Pits, Jolln, 402. Paoli, Pascal de, 55. Penn, Richard, 208. Philip, Arthur, 58. Pitt, Christopher, 148. Papenheim, general, 425. Penn, Win., code, 180,298, Philip the Bold, 168. Pitt., John, 374. Papin, Isaac, 239. 329, 330, 344, 399, 407, Philip, Charles, 153. Pitt, Mr., 24, 38, 153, 188, Parceval, Spencer, 188. 410, 414, 460. Philip the Devout, 309. 316, 389. Paredes, Mariano, 198, Pennant, Thomas, 474. Philip of France, 445. Pius, Antollinus, 95. 242, 309, 359. Pennock, Lewis, 54. Philip the Good, 233. Pius II 320. Paris, Francis, 174. Peury, John, 210. Philip, governor, 34. Pius IV, 465. Parish, doctor, 108. Pepiii, 372. Philip, king, 302, 308, 317, Pius V, 172. Parisot la Valette, 343. Pepin, mayor, 473. 351. Pius VI, 341. Park. Mungo, sailed, 202, Pepin and Moray, 69. Philip I, 375. Pius VII, 204, 265. 357, 458. Pepperell, William, 264. Philip II, 348. Pius IX, 149, 448. Parker, D. P., 331. Pepusch, J. C., 285. Philip III, France, 389. Pizarro, 31, 248, 348, 434. Parker, J. A., 489. Pepwell, Henry, 357. Philip IV, France, 452. Plancius, Peter, 205. Parker, Matthew, 194. Pepys, 13, 206. Philip III, Spain, 126. Planltagenet, E., 451. Parker. Peter, 342, 479. Pepys, C. C., 172. Philip, IV, Spain, 365. Plantagenet, 360. Parker; Richard, 254. Percival, Thomas, 342. Philip V, Spain, 14, 268. Plaont, Pierre, 144. Parker, Robert, 170. Perceval, J. G., 177. Philip of Swabia, 247. Plassy, b.ron, 445. Parker, Sanmuel, 110. Percy, Henlry, 169. Philip excluded Nether- Platiere, Roland de, 436. Parkes, Samuel, 482. Percy, Henry, 242. lands, 293. Plato, 135. Parkhurst, Benjamin,473. Percy, baron, 279. Philip & Joanna, 250. Playfair died, 285. Parkhurst, John, 112. Percy, Thomas, 331. Philippa of England, 322. Plot, Robert, 172. Parnell, H. B., 224. Percy, Thomas, 382. Philippe, Louis, 57. 338. Pluche, N. A., 441. Parr, Catharine, 272, 349. Percy, Win. Henry, 389. Philips, Aimbrose, 238. Plumer, William, 367. Parr, Robert, 370. Peretti, Felix, 338. Philips, Catharine, 244. Plunlret, Oliver, 256. Parr, Samuel, 95. Perennin, Domine, 377. Philips, Fabian, 438. Pococke, Edward, 357. Parr, Thomas, 370, 424. Perez, Antonio, 422. Philips, John, 68. Pococke, George, 132. Parry, captain, 305, 380. Perkins, George, 193. Philips, Thomas, 416. Pococke, Richalrd. 375. Parry, doctor, 90. Perkins, Thomas H., 23. Philips, Richard, 131. Poe, Edgar A., 391. Parry, W. E., 266. Peringskioll, John, 116. Philips, Edward B., 249. Poindexter, George, 350. Parsons, James, 133. Perizonious, J., 137. Philll s, George, 480. Poinsett, J. R., 472. Parsons, Rooert, 155. Perouse, de la, 312, 334, Phillips, John, 210. Polnsinet, A. A., 222. Partlett. W. H., 376. 379. Phillips, Samuel, 400. Poisson, M., 166. Partridge, Miles, 85. Pertinax, emperor, 121. Phlilpot, John, 475. Poisson, J. A,., 151. Pas, M. de, 102. Perrault, Claude, 393. Phipps, captain, 15. Poisson, N. J., 180. Pasc:.l, Blaise, 327. Perret, Nicholas, 438. Phipps, C. J., 294. Poitiers, Diana de, 166. Pasohal I, 188. Perrier, Cassirnir, 197. Phipps, Wm., 73, 191,369. Pole, E. de la, 172. Paskiewitch, general, 49. Perrier, J. C., 325. Phocas, 63, 387. Pole, Reginald, 439. Pasquier, Stephen, 343. Perron, Anquetil du, 28, Phocidn, 124, 320. Polempius, V. F., 469. Pmtssem:ant, C. S., 425. 351, 417. Physic, P. S., 473. Polli, Martin, 297. Passionei, Dom., 278. Perron, J. D. du, 349. Pia, P. N., 188. Polinieres, Peter, 60. Patch, Elizabeth, 25. Perry, Blanch, 64. Pianori, G., 170. Politi, Alex., 288. Patrick, Simon, 213. Perry commodore, 23. Piazzi, phlysician, over- Politz, C. H. L., 83. Patridge, Alden, 29. Perry, John, 63. whelnmed, 165. Polk, William, 27. Patterson, Angus, 207. Perry, O. H., 333. Piazzi, Joseph, 11, 288. Pornbal, de, 184. Patterson, Com., 37. Pesselier, C. S., 164. Piccini, Nicholas, 183. Pompey, 16. Patterson, R. M., 350. Pestalozzi, 72. Piccolomini, 99. Pompey, 83, 105, 189, 381, Paul of Burgos, 340. Petavius, D., 468. Pichegru, Gen., 23, 24, 34, 489. Paul II, pope, 292. Peter crucified, 252. 42, 88, 138. Pomnpey, negro, 296. Paul III, 429. Peter the Cruel, 102. Pichon, John, 180. Pomice de Leonm, 130. Paul IV, 326. Peter I, 59. Pickerinlg, John, 181. Pond, John, 353. Paul, Petrowitz, 114. Peter III, Arragon, 451. Pickering, T., 44, 431. Poniatowski, s., 66. Paul of Russia, 116. Peter II, Russia, 32. Pickens, Anidrew, 396. Pomiatowski, S. A., 144, Paul of Venice, 26. Peter 1II, Russia, 269, 276. Pictet, Benedict, 225. 449. Paulhnus, 19. Peter the Great, 23, 43. Picton, general, 58. Pons, Louis, 399. Paulmier, J. de, 383. Peter the Hermit, 221. Picus, John, 438. Pontchasteau, 250. Paulowitz, Alex., 457. Peter the Venerable, 482. Pierce, admiral, 342. Ponte, Lorenlzo da, 325. Paulus Emylius, 129. Peter (wild man), 18. Pierce, James, 123. Pontraci, Francis, 139. Paulus, Peter, 41. Peter, William, 58. Pierce, John, 335. Pope, Alexander, 212. Pautre, John, 49. Peters, Hugh, 401. Pierce, Ruth, 238. Pope, Thomas, 44. INDEX. 509 Popham, George, 315. Pye, H. J., 316. Reilay, John, 155. Robespierre, 294, 296. Popham, H. R., 358. Py i, John, 361, 464. Reinhold, E., 75. Robin Hood, 174, 439, 482. Popham, William, 374. Quarles, Francls, 353. Reinhold, C. L., 143, Robin. M. J., 321. Porlier, J. D., 386. Queen of Sardinia 322. Reinhold, John, 21. Robinson, F. P., 11. Porson, Richard, 375. Quelen, H. L. de, 491. Remus slain, 159. Robinson, John, 45. Porter, captain, 258. Quenstedt, J. A., 201. Remusat, J. P. A., 217. Robinson, John, 89. Porter, Com., 92. Quental, B. du, 478. Renaudot, E., 344. Robinson, prelate, 461. Porter, Miss, 243, 267. Querenghi, 344. Reni, Guido, 326. Robinson, Mary, 485. Porter, G. R., 347. Quesney's sect, 276. Renier, general, 25. Robinson, Robert, 225. Porter, Peter B., 111. Quesne, A. du, 49. Rennie, John, 387. Robinson, Samuel, 117. Porterfield, Robert, 67. Quillinan, Edward, 260. Retz, Giles de, 483. Rochejaquelin, 93. Porteus, Beilby, 150. Quincy, Josiah, 14. Restaut, Peter, 67. Rochester, earl, 176, 2 93, Porteus, John, 352. Quincy, JoPiah, Jr., 164. Reyher, Samuel, 445. Rochester, N., 195. Porteus, mob, 151. Quinn, Michael J., 76. Reyloffi Oliver, 148. Rockingham, 257. Portuguese Joe, 420. Quiros,'Ferdinand de,176. Reynolds, Joshua, 474. Rockwood, Ambrose, 160. Possevin, Anthony, 85. Rabanus, M. R., 52. Reynolds, Joshua, 20, 81. Roderick defeated, 287. Postel, William, 350. Rachel, actress, 347. Reynolds, J. H., 436. Rodgers, Sarah, 417. Posthumus, Tubertus. Racine, Jean, 161. Reynouard, F. J. M., 401. Rodney, admiral, 20, 29, 236. Radama, 295. Reyrac, F. P. de, 479. 35, 51, 204. Potempkin, G. A., 399. Radcliffe, Anne, 58. Rheims, archbishop, 34. Rodney, Cesar, 249. Potenger, John, 475. Radclifi'e, John, 419. Rhine crossed, 230. Rodolph, 27. Pott, Percival, 480. Radegonde, 318. Ricardo, David, 358. Rodolph I, 381. Potter, John, 394. Raduly, Dumiter, 31. Ricci, David, 97. Roe, Thomas, 425. Potter, Robert, 313. Rae, Luzerne, 365. Ricci, Lawrence, 447. Roemer, Olaus, 368. Pottingen, Henry, 108. Rae, doctor, 68. Ricci, M. A., 200. Roger of Hiexham, 460. Poulle, Lewis, 427. Rafinesque, 367. Riccoboni, A. F., 192. Roger, Peter, 462. Poulson, Zechariah, 299. Raglan baron, 252. Rich, J. C., 388. Rogers, Capt.. 48. Pourchat, Edmund, 244. Ragotzki, F. L., 140. Richard Coeur de Lion, Rogers, George W., 201. Pourfour, Francis, 238. Ragusa, duke, 91. 52, 371, 393, 478. Rogers, John, 52. Poussin, Nicholas, 440. Raguenau, Paul, 347. Richard I, 137, 346. Rogers, Samuel, 476. Powell, Forster, 151. Raguet, Condy, 114. Richard II, 25, 380. Rogers, Thomas, 158. Powell, Jacob, 398. Raikes, Robert, 136. Richard III, 244, 245, 263, Rohan, duke of, 148. Pownall, Thomas, 166. Raleigh, Walter, 95, 113, 331. Roland, J. M., 436. Pozer, George, 231. 299, 327, 415, 438. Richard VI, rumors, 219. Roland, madame, 427. Pozzoy, 233. Ralph, James, 39. Richard. k. Rome, 207, 468 Rollin, Charles, 362. Pradier, Jacques, 220. Rameau, J. P., 359. Richard of York, 482. Rollin, Ledru, 229. Pradt, M. de, 100. Ramsay, Allan, 19. Richards, James, 303. Romaine, William, 291. Praed, W. M., 279. Ramsay, David, 185. Riuhardson, Jona, 209. Romana deserted, 313. Prague, insurrection, 231. Ramsay, N. M., 181. Richardson mobbed, 79. Romanus, C., 446. Pratt, Charles, 156. Ramsay, William, 204. Richardson, Samuel, 260. Romazzini, B., 424. Pratt, S. J., 387. Randolph, Edmund, 359, Richelieu, 12, 304, 460. Romeo and Juliet, 99. Preble, Ed., 310, 336. 376. Richer, Edmund, 451. Romilly, John, 70. Preble, Enoch, 379. Randolph, John, 204. Richmond, earl, 328. Romilly, Samuel, 421. Preissnitz, 450. Randolph, Martha, 395. Richmond, Jonathan, 298. Romney, George, 436. Prentiss, S. S., 257. Randolph, Peyton, 204, Richsonville, J. B., 320. Romulus disappeared,265 Prescott taken, 270. 408. Richter, 435. Rondalet, William, 2e2. Preston, J. P., 179. Randolph, Thomas, 223. Riddle, Lieut., 11. Ronsard, Peter, 485. Preston, Isaac C., 263. Randolph, Thomas, 106. Ridley burnt, 401. Ronsin, C. P., 116. Prestre, S. le, 125. Raphael, Sanzio, 121. Ridley, G., 422. Rooke, George, 39. Pretender, 369, 480, 489. Rapin de Thoyras, 193. Ridge. John, 227. Root, Erastus, 483. Price, Charles, 40. Raspail, madame, 102. Ridgely, Randolph, 414. Roque, John, 464. Price, Richard, 157. Rastal, William, 338. Ridgway, Jacob, 173. Rorar, George, 164., Pride, colonel, 462. Ratcliffe, Charles, 464. Rienzi exiled, 472. Rosas, 15. Pride, John, hung, 464. Rau, Prof., 25. Riker, Richard, 377. Roscoe, Henry, 115. Prideaux, Humphrey, 419 Raulin, Joseph, 147. Riley, James, 104. Roscoe, William, 255. Prideaux, John, 285. Ravaillac, Francis, 207. Ringgold, major, 186. Roscommon (see Dillon). Pridgen, William, 399. Ravensworth, lady, 374. Rioland, John. 403. Rose, H. James, 481. Priestly, Joseph, 57, 373. Rawley, William, 238. Riquetti, H. G., 122, 130. Rosette, G., 167. Prime, N. S., 121. Rawlins, Mrs., 465. Risbeck, Gaspard, 52. Rosier, Pilatre de, 234, 444 Prince, John, 222. Rawlinson, Thomas, 308. Rltchie, M., 452. Rosisque, 244. Prince of Peace, 387. Rawlinson, R., 137. Ritchie, Thomas, 260. Rospigliosi, J., 465. Prince, Thomas, 426. Rawze, Viziaram, 270. Ritson, Joseph, 347. Ross, general, 359. Pring, Martin, 142. Ray, John, 30. Rittenhouse, D., 217, 247. Ross, John, 252. Pringle, Thomas, 462. Raynal, W. F., 95. Rivarol, A. de, 144. Ross, Capt., 178, 188, 313, Prior, Matthew, 367. Rayneval, M. de, 325. Rivas, 63, 99, 418. 348, 404. Pritchard, Benjamin, 255. Read, William, 159. Rivers, earl, 231. Rossi. Charles, 79. Proctor, general, 36. Read, William, 204. Rivers and Gray, 172. Rossi, J. V., 435. Prony, de, 297. Real, Gaspar de, 59. Rivinus, Andrew, 133. Rossi slain, 437. Proudfit, Alex., 155. Reaumur died, 403. Rizzio, 61. Rosslyn, earl of, 14. Prynne pilloried, 232. Redel, Laurens, 176. Robert, count d'Artois, 59 Roswell, Henry, 109. Psalmanazar, 178. Redjacket, 431. Robert, cistercian, 156. Rotgans, Luke, 422. Publicolas oration, 89. Reed, Joseph, 94. Robert of Germany, 196. Rothschild, A., 463. Pugatchef, 35. Reed, lieutenant, 445. Robert of Normandy, 377. Rothschild, N. M., 296. Pughe, Owen, 218. Reed, Thomas, 412. Robert II, 156. Rotron, J. de, 251. Pugln, architect, 362. Reeder removed, 299. Robert the wise, 285. Rouille, P. J., 195. Pulaski, 393, 422. Rees, Abraham, 225. Roberts, Emma, 366. Rouse, Richard, 70. Pulteney, James, 206. Reese, William, 76. Roberts, governor, 389. Rousseau, J. B., 106. Pulteney. William, 223. Reeve, Clara, 347. Roberts, John, 455. Rousseau, J. J., 258. Purcell, Henry, 443. Reland, Adrian, 54. Roberts, Joseph, 163. Roussell, G. L.. 375. Purkit, Henry, 92. Regnault, Cecile, 203. Robertson, Ab., 461. Roussel killed, 227. Purviance, John, 372. Reichard, madame, 36. Robertson, J. P., 420. Routh, M. J., 481. Putiam, general, 158. Reicherbach, George,201. Robertson, Wm., 228. Rovera, G. della, 78. Putnam, Israel, 158, 210. Reichstadt, duke 288. Robertson, William, 199. Rowan, John, 275. Putnam, Samuel, 260. Reid, Thomas, 391. Roberval, G. P., 413. Rowe, Elizabeth, 77. 65 510 INDEX. Rowe, Nicholas, 463. Sancho, Ignatius, 471. Scotus, Duns, 427. Shirley, James, 415. Rowlandson, Mrs., 62. Sand executed, 200. Scougal, Henry, 231. Shirley, Lawrence, 180. Rowley, William, 107. Sanders, D. C., 404. Scroop, archbishop, 2'23. Shirley, Robert, 288. Roy, Julian le, 369. Sanderson, John, 136. Scroop, William, 292. Shrewsbury, 29, 281. Roy,.I. le, 440. Sanderson, R., 484. Sears, Isaac, 162. Shoheyd, A. ibn, 385. Roy, Rammohun, 378. Sandras, Courlitz, G. de, Sebastian of Portugal,306 Shore, John, 68. Royd, B. B., 354. 181. Sebastiani, H., 297. Short, James, 234. Rozier, Francis, 380. Sands, R. C., 474. Sechelles, M. J. H. de,136 Shovel, Cloudesley, 408. Rozier, first ascent, 400. Sandys, Edwin, 310. Sechendorf, 475. Shubrick, Ed. R., 100. Rubens, Peter Paul, 211. San Lazaro, 218. Seeker, Thomas, 304. Shubrick, Irvine, 140. Rubruquius, 182. Santa Anna, 130, 160, 309, Secondat, Charles, 62. Shunk, F. R., 294. Ruddiman, Thomas, 32. 133, 390, 462. Secousse, D. F., 104. Sibley, Mark H., 354. Rude, William, 410. Santa Cruz, 34, 430. Sedaine, M. J., 195. Sibylla, 186. Rue, C. de la, 207. Santander, F. P. de, 182. Sedley, Charles, 329. Sickier. F. C. L., 311. Rue, G. de la, 378. Santerre with mob, 243. Seelfish, Samuel, 208. Siddal, Thomas, 72. Rufus, William, 376, 377. Sare, Richard, 49. Sequier, J. F., 345. Siddons, Sarah, 222. Rumbold executed, 249. Sargent, John, 377, 446. Seldon, John, 454. Sidney, Algernon, 463. Rumford, count, 328. Sarpi, Petro, 26. Selkirk, Alex., 48, 386. Sidney, Henry, 180. Rundle, Thomas, 150. Sarti, Joseph, 296. Selim I, 370. Sidney, Henry, 140. Runkenius, David, 191. Saubert, Xavier, 34. Sells, N. J., 76. Sidney, Philip, 401. Rupert, prince, 49, 112,453 Saud, Abdullah, 411. Sellius, Godfrey, 248. Sidney, Mlary, 375. Rusby convicted, 261. Saumarez, James, 394. Selwyn, George, 40. Sieyes, E. J. de, 241. Rush, Benjamin, 157. Saunders, Robert, 116. Semonville arrested, 296. Sigebert. 377. Rush, Catharine, 176. Saunderson, N., 157. Senaudt, J. F., 304. Sigismund. 464. Rush, Julia, 266. Saurin, James, 489. Seneca, 145. Sigismund II, 265. Rushton, Edward, 445. Saurin, Joseph, 487. Senefelder, Alois, 86. Signeri. Paul, 465. Rnshworth, John, 189. Sautre, William, 75. Sennertus, D., 286. Sillery, nmarquis, 313 Russel, Francis, 91. Sauvages, F. B. de, 75. Sens retired, 336. Silistria. siege raised, 236. Russel, WilliamL, 286. Savage, James, 184. Serarius, Nicholas, 199. Silvestre. Louis, 150. Russell, Benjamin, 15. Savage, Richard, 300. Serna, Joseph la, 466. Simeon, C. 434. Russell, Elizabeth, 288. Savanarola burnt, 202. Serres, J. T., 487. Simnel, L., 175, 234. Russell, John, 230. Savary, Rene, 215. Serrurier, Gen., 28, 170. Simon, Richard, 169. Rutilus, Marcius, 181. Savile, Henry, 75. Servetus burnt, 413. Simond, James, 390. Rutledge, Edward, 38. Savoy, prince of. 142. Severns, Alex. 108. Simons, Keating, 367. Ruxton, G. F., 381. Sawtry, William, 64. Severus, L. S., 52. Simpson, Edmund, 299. Ruysbroek, 182. Saxe-Weimar, duke, 282. Sevigne, madame, 26. Simpson, T., 49, 253, 365. Ruysch, F., 79. Say'and Seal, 109, 149,260. Seward, Anna, 117. Simpson, Stephen, 323. Ruyter, admiral, 171. Say, Thomas, 395. Seward, William, 164. Simpson, Thomas, 191. Ryalls, Henry, 359. Scaliger, J. C., 407. Sewall, Samuel, 10. Simpson, William, 115. Ryan, Lucy, 322. Scaliger, J. J., 34. Sewell, George, 59. Simson, Robert, 141. Rymer, Thomas, 471. Scanderbeg, 29. Seybert, Adam, 177. Sinclair, John, 479. Saa, Emanuel de, 489. Scandiano, 76. Seymour, Arabelle, 216. Slnnett, George, 19. Saas, John, 143. Scarborough, C., 85. Seymour, Charles, 317. ISismondi, 248. Sabbathier, Peter, 116. Scarpa, Antonio, 418. Seymour. Edward, 74.!Sixtus IV. 318. Sablier, N., 98. Scarritt, J. M., 245. Seymour, Hez. C., 290. Sixtus V, 338. Sacheverell, Henry, 219, Scarron, Paul, 399. Seymour, Jane, 399. Skelton, John, 242. 376. Scioppius, Caspar, 440. Seymour, Thomas, 110. Skerritt, Col. 17. Sachs, Hans, 32. Qrhaeff'er, F. D., 42: Sforza, G. M., 483. Skinner, J. Stuart, 114. Sack, Simon, 212. Schah, Abbas, 375. Shadwell, 317, 443. Slack, Thomas, 116. Sackville, Charles, 32. Schamyl, 341. Shaftsbury,, earl, 67. Slater, Samuel, 159. Sackville, Edward, 281. Schecketschine, 219. Shakespeare monument, Sloane, Hans, 23. Sackville, George, 337. Scheele, C. \V.. 204. 152, 162, 169. 315.!Slodtz, R. M., 397. Sackville, Thomas, 31,157, Schelling, 329.' Sharp, Granville, 264.!Slonghter, Henry, 14, 109, 205. Scheta, 341. Sharp, James, 176. 288. Sacy, A. I. S. de, 79. Schiller, Fr., 186. Sharp, William, 292. Smalcius, V., 471. Sacy, Lewis de, 412. Schimmelpenninck, 171. Shaw, Cuthbert, 344. Smalridge, George, 377. Sadler, W. W., 382. Schinderhannes, 444. Shaw, Dr., 141. Smart, Christopher 189. Sadler, aeronaut, 348. Schinkel, C. F., 395. Shaw, George, 288. Srneaton, John, 393, 415. Sadler, Ralph, 1'04. Schliermaker, F., 65. Shaw, Hugh, 289. Smedley, Edward, 253. Sadolet, James, 403. Schloetzer, A. L. von, 357 Shaw, Thomas, 322. ISmellie, William, 248. Sagittarius, G., 97. Schmidt, Anton, 262. Shays, 40, 380. Smith, Adam, 282. Saladin, 92. Schmuck, Jacob, 143. Sheepshanks, Rich'd, 310. Smith, Benjamin, 440. Saldanha, count de, 28. Schnebbelie, J., 78. Sheffield, John, 82. Smith, Capt. John, 172. Sale, George, 434. Schneider. Johann Got- Sheil, 1R. L., 203. Smith, Charlotte, 415. Salisbury, bishop, 76, 197, lieb, 25. Sheldon, Gilbert, 428. Smith, Elizabeth, 310. 372. Schoepflin, John D., 310. Shenstone, William, 63. Smith, E. H., 368. Salisbury, countess, 207. Schomberg, 256, 386. Shepard, W. B., 242. Smith, George, 352. Salisbury, earl, 204. Schomberg, H. de, 438. Shepheard, Capt., 20. Smith, James E., 107. Salisbury, Sally, 376. Schopenhaufer, 169. Shepherd, John, 14. Smith, J. Speed, 221. Salle, mademoiselle, 209. Schrimshaw, Jane 463. Sherard, William, 317. Smith, Jeremiah, 371. Sallo, Dennis de, 211. Schulze, J. H., 394. Sherburne, Ed., 423. Smith, Jesse, 218. Salm, general, 31. Schurtzfleish, 265. Sherburne, major, 199. Smith, John, 242. Salmasius, 347. Schuyler, colonel, 57. Sheridan, Frances, 365. Smith, John G., 363. Salmeron, Alphonsus, 66. Schuyler, general, 33. Sheridan, R. B.,.266. Smith, John Pye, 56. Saint-Aulaire, 475. Schuyler, Peter, 299, 411. Sheridan, Thos., 321, 357. Smith, Jonathan, 11. Sambucus, John, 231. Schuyler, Philip, 440. Sherlock, Thomas, 282. Smith, Junius, 39. Samoset, 104. Schwartz, Berthold, 121. Sherlock, William, 239. Smith, Nathan, 463. Sampson, Thomas, 141. Schwartz, C. F., 66. Sherman, Roger, 289. Smith, Robert, 450. Samuel, prophet, 169. Schwartzenberg, 136. Sherwood, Mary M., 372. Smith, Samuel, 166. Samuels, 133. Scott, John, 469. Shipley, Jonathan, 465. Smith, S. H., 420. Sanac, John, 478. Scott, Martin, 354. Shippen, Edward, 411. Smith, Sidne, 79, 156,189. Sanadon, N. S., 370. Scott, R. B., 408. Shippen's speech, 460. Smith, Thomas, 193. Sanchez, A. N. R., 399. Scott, Walter, 81, 322, 371. Shirley, Anthony, 44. Smith, Thomas, 317. Sanchez, Thomas, 198. Scott, William, 43. Shirley, governor, 67. Smith, William, 340. INDEX. 511 Smith, William, 213. Stanhope, P. D., 116. Stuart, William,~298. Sylvius, F. de le Boe, 434 Smith, William S., 206. Stanislaus, duke, 82. Stubbe, Henry, 272. Symmes, J. C., 143, 240. Smithson, will of, 409. Stanislaus, king, 112. Stukeley, William, 92. Syndercombe, Miles, 32. Smollet, Tobias, 407. Stanislaus, P., 449. Sturmius, James, 416. Synge, Edward, 276. Smyth, general, 453. Stanislaus, Augustus,297, Sturmius, John, 91. Syrus, Ephrem, 372. Snell, Hannah, 247. 422. Stuyvesant arrived, 207, Tabor, J. O., 469. Snodgrass, J. F., 320. Stanislaus I, 80. 393. Tabourat, Stephen, 289. Snyder, Simon, 110. Stanley, A. D., 105. St. Annes, 224. Tacitus, 145, 375. Soanen, John, 484. - Stanley, Thomas, 146. St. Alban, 245. Taconnet, T. G., 487. Sobieski, John, 236, 282. Stansbury, T. E., 412. St. Almachus, 9. Tait, Mathew, 75. Socrates, 182. Stark, Caleb, 338. St. Amland, 235. Talbot, Catharmne, 21. Solaider, D. C., 193. Stark, John, 185. St. Angelo, 220. Talbot, Charles, 67. Solis, Antonio de, 148. Stearnes, Asahel, 56. St. Arnaud, 381. Talbot, Francis Xavier, Solis, Juan Dias de, 9. Steele, Richard, 344. St. Augustin, 339. 218. Solvyns, F. B., 395. Steinbock, M., 80. St. Bernard, 328. Talbot, John, 281. Solyman II. 341. Stella, 44. St. Bonet, J. C. de, 232. Talcott, G. H., 224. Solyman III, 244. Steno, Nicholas, 448. St. Caro, H. de, 102. Ta!lfourd, T. N., 128. SombreI; 235. Sterne, Lawrence, 108. St. Clair, general, 50. Taliafero, John, 327. Sombreui, 253. Stephen stoned, 376. St. Cosme, J. B. de, 282. Talleyrand, 196. Somers, Geo., 215, 295. Stephen crowned, 484. St. Cyril, 107. Tallis and Birde, 36. Somers, John, 166. Stephen expelled, 445. St. Etienne, 462. Tallis, Thomas, 446. Somerset, duke, 36, 85. Stephen, revolt, 381. St. Foix. 337. Talma, F. J., 405. Somerset, F. J. H., 252. Stephen of England, 49, St. Francis, 386. Talmadge, James, 386. Somerville, William, 283. 375, 410. St. Ignatius, 48. Tambroni, Clotilda, 218. Somner, William, 125. Stephen I, Hungary, 321. St. Jean d'Angely, 97. Tamerlane, 25, 37, 129. Sontag, Henrietta, 239. Stephens, Henry, 289. St. John, Almoner, 431. Tanner, Thomas, 471. Sophia of Bohemia, 453. Stephens, James, 395. St. John, Henry, 473. Tanucci, B. de, 171. Sophia, Dorothea, 421. Stephens, Robert, 371. St. John beheaded, 340. Tarik, 172. Sophia, princess, 208, 223. Stephens, Robert, 428. St. Leu, duchess, 388. Tarantaige, Peter de, 248. Sophocles, 45. Stephenson, Rowland,259 St. Martin, Jean, 325. Tarleton, Banastre, 38. Sorbierre, S., 141. Steuben, baron, 452. St. Martin, 431. Tarleton, Richard, 346. Sorel, Agnes, 60. Stevens, George, 36. St. Matthew, 370. Tarquins vanquished, 87. Sotheby, William, 489. Stevens, G. A., 351. St. Mark, C. H. de, 442. Tartini, Joseph, 85. Soto, F. de, 188, 196, 200, Stevens, Mrs., 106. St. Nicholas, 462. Tasker, William, 53. 356. Stevens, R. L., 159. St. Patrick, 106. Tasman, A. J., 233. Souffiot, J. G., 341. Stevenson, James, 482. St. Paul, shipwreck, 442. Tasso, 99, 165. Soule, Pierre, 410. Stewart, Dugald, 229. St. Pierre, C. I. C. de, 171. Tate, Nahum, 317. Soult, Gen., 17, 50, 450. Stewart, John, 77. St. Pierre, J. B. H., 35. Tau-Kwang, 85. Soulouque. emperor, 335. Stewart, James, 145. St. Preuil, 428. Tauchnitz, Karl T. C., 25. Sousa, F. E., 217. Stiles, Ezra, 189. St. Pol, count, 61. Tavannes, G. S. de, 253. South, Robert, 267. Stillingfleet, E., 120. St. Ruth, 272. Talvora, marquis, 25. Southcote, Joanna, 486. StillingReet, B., 473. St. Thomas, 479. Taylor, Brook, 487. Southey, Robert, 113. Stirling, lord, 27. St. Victoire, A. de, 266. Taylor, Jeremy, 319. Southey, Mrs., 285. Stockton, major, 74. St. Vincent, earl, 104. Taylor, John M., 463, Southwell, Robert, 78. Stockton, Richard, 96. St. William, 208. Taylor, Richard, 240. Sowerby, Ann. burnt, 316 Stockton, William, 87. St. Yves, 385. Taylor, R. C., 413. Spagnoli, B., i10. Stoddard, John, 71. Suchet, general, 11, 21. Taylor, Rowland, 60. Spalanzani, L., 65. Stoffiet, Nicholas, 81. Suckling, John, 182. Taylor, Thomas, 420. Spanheim, Ezekiel, 414. Stolberg, F. L., 462. Sue, Eugene, 305. Taylor, Thomas, 439. Spanheim, Frederick, 197 Stone, Batis, 408. Sue, J. I., 467. Taylor, Zachary, 40, 269. Speed, John, 296. Stone, captain, 11. Suer, le, 372. Tea, Abate, 108. Speer, adventurer, 261. Stone, Wm. Henry, 245. Sueur, E. de, 172. Tecumseh, 36, 388. Spence, Joseph, 329. Stone, William L., 323. Sufiblk, earl, 172, 175. Teixeira, 70. Spencer, Ambrose, 102. Stony creek, 220. Suhm, P. F., 352. Telemachus, 9. Spencer, earl, 430. Storace, Stephen, 109. Sullivan, James, 467. Telford, Thomas, 346. Spencer, Hugh, 393. Stork, H. F., 434. Sullivan, John, 38. Tell, William, 9. Spencer, Jacob, 398. Story, John, 214. Sullivan, R. J., 281. Tellier, F. M. le, 280. Spencer, John C., 197. Story, Joseph, 357. Sullivan, William, 347. Tellier, Michael le, 414. Spenser, Edmund, 28. Stothard, Thomas, 168. Sully, duke de, 479. Tennison. Thomas, 471. Spon, Charles, 78. Stourton, lord, 94. Sumner, Charles, 202. Tenterden, lord, 435. Spontini, G. L. P., 39. Stowe, Alex. W., 363. Sumorokoff 383. Ternay, admiral, 270. Sprague, admiral, 315. Stow, John, 135. Sumter, Thomas, 215. Terrail, Pierre du, 172. Sprague. T. Dwight, 394. Stow, Joshua, 394. Sunderland, earl, 369. Terrasson, Ant.,417. Sprat, Thomas, 199. Strahan, William, 269. Sussex, duke of, 160. Terray, J. M.. 74. Sprouse, Mary, 183. Strange, Robert, 263.. Surrey, earl of, 32. Terrell, William, 261. Spurzheim, 430. Strauss, 364. Surrington, Jonas, 393. Tertre, du, 453. Squanto, 320, 366. Strickland, Fred., 406. Sutherland, duchess, 450. Thales, 242. Squire, Samuel, 181. Strigelius, Victorius, 249. Sutheiland, John, 143. Thatcher, James, 204. Stabling, Lyne, 444. Strongbow, 335. Sutton, Thomas, 469. Thayer, Simeon, 407. Stackhouse, Thomas, 396. Strozzi wounded, 303. Suwarrow, general, 197. Thelluson, P. I., 364. Stadius, John, 417. Struensee, count, 169. Swabia, duke of, 247. Thelluson, Peter, 286. Stael Holstein, madam, Strutt, general, 20. Swartwout, R., 284. Theodoric, 341. 277. Struvlus, G. A., 473. Swartwout, S., 444. Theodosius, 23, 29, 113. Stafford, Henry, 419. Strype, John, 470. Swedenborg, 13, 123. Theodosius II, 295. Stafford, William, 487. Stuart, Arabella, 377. Swensden, H. 465. Thevenot, Melch., 415. Staininger, John, 379. Stuart, Charles, 46. Sweyn, 51. Thiers, J. B., 87. Staley, executed, 449. Stuart, D. C., 439. Swift, Jonathan, 368. Thirlby, Styan, 477. Standish, F. H., 480. Stuart, Gilbert, 319. Swift, John, 273. Thomas, A. L., 366. Standish, Miles, 72. Stuart, Henry, 61. Swinton, John, 134. Thomas, Elizabeth, 51. Stanhope, Charles, 472. Stuart, James, 50. Sy denham, Thomas, 487. Thomas, Gen., 11, 19, 183. Stanhope, earl, 54. Stuart, Mary, 59, 149. Sydney, Philip, 31. Thomas, Isaiah, 134. Stanhope, George, 108. Stuart, (see Mary). Sylverius exiled, 437. Thomas, James, 144. Stanhope, Hester, 246. Stuart, pretender, 12. Sylvester, Joshua, 379. Thomas, bishop, 293. Stanhope, Michael, 85. Stuart, Robert, 318. Sylvius, iEneas, 320. Thomas, William, 248. 512 INDEX. Thompson, Benj., 258374, Touro, Judith, 32. Vaillant, J. F. F., 438. Velasquez de Silva, 308. Thompson, Benj., 328. Tourville, admiral, 209. Vaillant, Sebastian, 201. Velde, W. vander, 137. Thompson, B. F., 113. Towers, Joseph, 199. Vaissette, Joseph, 143. Velli, P. F., 348. Thompson, Charles, 324. Townley, Charles, 14. Valaze, de, 417. Veltheim, A. F., 385. Thompson, John, 414. Townsend, Charles, 168. Valdivia, P. de, 82, 458. Vendome, Philip de, 39. Thompson, Smith, 476. Trajan, M. U., 300. Valens perished, 312. Venner, 22. Thompson, William, 288. Traquair, James, 136. Valentin, M. B., 101. Venner, Tobias, 120. Thompson, Wm., 105. Traunhofer, J. von, 222. Valentinian, 104. Verdier, A. du, 375. Thompson, William, 73. Tremouille, Charlotte, Valentinian I, 437. Verdier, Nicholas, 109. Thompson, Zadock, 31. 112. Valerian, censor, 413. Vere, Aubrey de, 100. Thomson, James, 338. Trench, P. le P., 119. Valerius, Majorian, 309. Vere, Francis, 339. Thomson, Thomas, 303. Trenchard, John, 47'J. Valesius, Henricus, 183. Vere, Horace, 176. Thoresby, Ralph, 401. Trenck, F. von der, 291. Vallee, Geoffrey, 59. Vergier, James, 33, Thorndike, Israel, 186. Trenor, Thomas, 351. Vallemont, P. de 489. Vergne, L. E. de la, 418. Thornhill, James, 179. Tresham, Henry, 237. Valli, Eusebius, 574. Verheyen, Philip, 74. Thornton, Bonnell, 14, 46, Treviso, duke, 296. Valnier, 136. Velde, J. 0. vande, 410. 185. Tribonian, 472. Valois, Adrian de, 258. Venables sailed, 460. Thornton, Henry, 29. Trimble, David, 413. Valois, Charles de, 374. Vernon, Edward, 22, 416, Thornton, Matthew, 247. Trimble, John, 237. Valois, Henry de, 183. 432. Thornton, Samuel, 259. Trimmer, Sarah, 473. Valois, Marq. de, 457. Vernet, 451. Thouret, J. W., 178. Tripner, George, 222. Valois, Philip de, 332. Verney, G. J. du, 357. Thourot. Con., 78, 87. Tripp, Deborah, 4-8. Valpy, Richard, 122. Verrazano, 29, 266. Thourot killed, 87. Tromp, Cornelius, 210. Vanaken, Joseph, 260. Vert, Claude de, 174. Thorwaldsen, 126, 321. Tromp, M. H. van, 314. Van Buren nominated,244 Vertue, George, 290. Thoyras, Rapin de, 193. Tronchin, T., 454. Vanbrugh, John, 118. Vesalius, Andreas 400. Thrower, L., 124. Troost, Gerard, 321. Van Cortland, Pierre, 232 Vestris, madame, 311. Thuanus, J. A., 194. Trouin, R. D., 377. Vancouver returned, 360. Vespasian, 360. Thurloe, John, 78. Truber, Primus, 253. Vandale, A., 452. Vespasianus, 246. Thurlow, Edward, 359. Truebey, Cosia, 387. Van Dam, Rip, 302. Vespucci sailed, 191. Thury, C. C. de, 348. Truchet, Jodhn, 54. Vandamme, 17, 31, 143, Vezellio, Tiziano, 355. Thuycidides returned,316 Trumbull, Benjamin, 50. 296, 458. Victor, Gen 25 52. Tibbits. George, 284. Trumbull, John, 430. Vander Goes, 367. Victoria in Ireland, 252' Tiberius II, 318. Trumbull, John, 187. Vandermeersch, J., 362. 301, 327. Tiberius Drusus Claudi- Trumbull, Jona., 325. Vandervelde, Wm., 137. Vida, M. J., 377. us, 397. Trumbull, William, 471. Vandyck, A.,465. Vidal, Arnaud, 177. Tibetius, M., 450. Truro, baron, 432. Van Dyck, H. S., 220. Viera's plot, 245. Tice, John, 85. Truxton, Thomas, 181. Vandyke, 16. Vignola, J. B., 265. Tickell, Richard, 423. Tryon, Thomas, 330. Vance, Joseph, 335. Vignoles, A. de, 290. Tickell, Thomas, 162. Tschirner, 72. Vancy, J. D. de 471. Villars, A. B. de, 289. Tillemans, P., 461. Tschurnhausen, 142. Vane, Henry, 232. Villars, L. Hector, 236. Tillet, E. T. du, 484. Tucker, Samdel, 98. Vane, Ralph 85. Villeneuve, G. S. B., 487. Tillotson, John, 447. Tudor, Henry, 309. Van Horne, M07. Villeneuve, admiral,407. Tilly, count de, 172. Tudor, Owen, 49. Vaniere, Capt., 74. Villeroy, marshal, 48. Timoleon, 164, 472. Tull, Jethro, 217. Vaniere, James, 331. Villiers, George, 154. Timotheus, 312. Tullius, Servius, 227. Vanini, Lucilio, 75. Villiers, G. 2d, 332. Timothy, apostle, 36. Turenne, 14, 16, 294. Vanloo, C. A., 68. Villotte, James, 232. Tindal, Matthew, 323. Turgot, A. R. J., 108. Van Loon, Louis, 297. Vinci. L. da, 176. Tindal, Nicholas, 250. Turnebus, Adrian, 230. Van Ness, Wm. W., 88. Vinbent, William, 479. Tindall, William, 364. Turner at Jikadze, 369. Van Rensselaer, Jer., 374. Viner, Charles, 219. Tinville, 183. Turner, Edward, 65. Van Rensselaer, Kilian, Vint. John, 108. Tippo Saib, 175, 179, 247 Turner, George, 107. 469. Vinzingerode taken, 408. Tissot, S. A., 232. Turner, T. H., 27. Van Rensselaer, K., 356. Vio, Thomas de, 365. Titian, 355. Turner, William, 477. VanRensselaer, Rens., 27. Virgil, 12, 371, 400. Titus, disciple, 14. Turretini, J. A., 174. Van Rensselaer, Solomon, Virginia, 326. Tiviot, earl, 177. Turwert burnt, 287. 163, 398. Visconti, J. B. A., 346. Toaldo, Joseph, 431. Tuscany, duke, 61. Van Rensselaer, Stephen, Visinovitsch, 475. Toiras, marquis, 232. Tutomlin, Thimothie,238 41. Vitellus, Aulus, 475, 477. Tolland, John, 99. Twiggs, Levi, 361. Van Schaick, 157, 260. Vitringa, C., 90. Toledo, F. A., de, 34. Twiller, Wouter van, 161 Van Schaick, J. B., 459. Vives, J. L., 181. Toler, Richard, 193. Twynne, John, 68. Van Sittart, N., 60. Vivani, Vincent, 372. Tollons, H., 451. Tyler, E. R., 379. Van Somer, Paul, 16. Voisenon, 445. Tolmnides slain, 403. Tyler, Watt, 227, 233. Van Swieten, G., 238. Voismn, D. F., 48. Tomline, George, 436. Tyndale, William, 371. Van Swinden, 98. Voiture, Vincent, 267. Tomlinson, G., 393. Tyrell, James, 63. Van Tienhoven, 279. Volta, 94. Tompkins, D. D., 229. Tyrwhit, Thomas, 322. Van Tromp, 297, 314, 435. Voltaire, died, 212. Tone, T. Wolfe, 397, 445. Tytler, P. F., 483. Van Vechten, A., 19. Von Berger, 143. Tonge and Oates, 351. Tzerklaes, John, 172. Van Vondel, Joost, 54. Von Duben, 65. Tonnere, S. C., 293. Udall, Nicholas, 155. Varchi, Benedict, 475. Von Wrede, Gen., 65. Tonson, Jacob, 130. Ugheli, Ferd., 198.,Varennes, 134. Vorstius, Conrad, 380. Tonstall, Cuthbert, 439. Uncas, John, 477. Varignon, Pierre, 480. Vose, Henry, 155. Tooke, John Horne, 111. Unwins, David, 372. Varilas, Antoine, 225. Vries, de, sailed, 469. Tooley, Henry, 239. Upton, C., 14. Varus, Quintilius, 302. Vyner, Thomas, 210. Topham, Thomas, 314. Urban VIII, 297. Vasa, Gustavus, 380. Wade, general, 103. Toplady, A. M., 316. Ure, Andrew, 13. Vasconcellos, 456. Wade, Hampton, 64. Torrey, C. T., 186. Urquiza deposed, 357. Vassall, M. R., 408. Wadsworth, Daniel, 306. Torrey, Dorothy, 29. Ursins, 461. Vater, Abraham, 439. Wadsworth, James, 224. Torricelli born, 400. Ursinus, J. H., 191. Vateville, A. M. de, 407. Wagenseil, J. C., 393. Torrijos executed, 461. Urville. Dumont d', 185. Vauban, seigneur de, 125. Wainwright, J. M., 371. Tostig slain, 375. Usher, James, 126. Vaucanson, 444. Wakefield, G,, 78, 355. Totilla, 474. Usher, James, 112. Vaughan, John, 467. Wakefield, Priscilla, 359. Totman? Lieut., 11. Vade, J. J., 260. Vauvilliers, J. F., 289. Walburton, Eliot, 15. Tournefort, 486. Vadier, 134. Vaux, J. N. de, 362. Wales, H. W., 224. Tournely, Honore, 484. Vahl, Martin, 483. Vavasseur, Francis, 471. Wales's procession 164. Tourneville, Wm., 135. ~aillant, J. F., 409. Vega, Lopez F. de la, 337. Wales, prince. 43. 65. INDEX. 513 Wales, princess, 59. Webb, P. C., 244. Wilkins, David, 308. Wolfe, general, 360. Walker, Adam, 64. Weber, C. M. von, 220. Wilkins, John, 441. Wolff, Christian, 141. Walker, general, 347. Webster, Daniel, 410, 416. Wilkinson, Gen., 65, 66, Wollaston, W. H., 481. Walker, George, 256. Webster, John W., 115. 330. Wollaston, William, 408. Walker, Hovedon, 218, Webster, L. B., 424. Wilkinson, Tate, 336. Wolstonecraft, Mary, 49, 320. Webster, Noah, 209. William I abdicated, 391. 357. Walker, John, 301. Wedderburn, 14. William II, Eng., 302,376, Wolsey, Thomas, 452. Walker, William, 32. Wedgewood, Josiah, 13,14 377. Wolzogen, L. de, 433. Wallace. Andrew, 37. Weimar, duke, 267. William II, Holland, 107. Wood, Anthony, 453. WallaceWilliam, 332,372, Weishaupt, A., 175. William III, Eng., 23, 35, Wood, Isaac, 8&2 426. Wellesley, R. C., 376. 46. 57, 96, 423. Wood, mayor, arrested, Wallenstein, count, 83. Wellington, duke, 239,306, William IV, 241. 236. Waller, Edmund, 407. 362, 440. William V, 30. Wood, Robert, 355. Walleran, 61. Wells, Daniel, 246. William of Nassau, 165. Wood, Stephen, 188. Wallis, John, 414. Wells, pedestrian, 127. William of Scotland, 460. Woodbury, Levi, 353. Walthbeof, 170. Welsh, Elizabeth, 135. William of Scotland, 272, Woodcock, Elizabeth, 50. Walmoden, general, 17. Wem, baron, 156. 444. Woodcock, Robert, 142. Walpole, captain, 118. Wemyss, laird, 447. William I, Orange, 270. Woodfall, Win., 301, 231. Walpole, Horace, 91. Wentworth, Thomas, 188. William, conqueror, 355, Woods, John, 299. Walpole, Robert, 108. Werdin, J. P., 19. 378, 380, 483. Woodsworth, Wm., 163. Walsh, Michael, 329. Werenfels, Samuel, 214. William and Mary, 36. Woodville, Wm., 167. walsyngham, F., 137. Werf, A. van der, 432. Willard, Joseph, 375. Woodward, Henry, 154. Walter, M. C,, 148. Westfield, Thomas, 247. Willett, Thomas, 308. Woodward, John, 165. Walter, Pennyless, 96. Wesley, John, 90, 418. Wllliams, Anna, 351. Woodyear, 242. Walton, Brian, 453. Wesley, Samuel, 165. Williams, C. H.. 421. Wooley, A. K., 305. Walton, George, 50. Wesley, Samuel, 396. / Williams, David, 253. Woolett, William, 203. Walton, Izaak, 473. Wesselius, John, 386. Williams, Ephraim, 486. Woolston, Thomas, 42. Walton, William, 66. West, Benjamin, 98. Williams, Elisha, 290. Wooster, David, 167, 176, Warbeck, Perkin, 437. West, Gilbert, 119. Williams executed, 180. Woodworth, S., 466. Warburton, William, 222. West, Jane, 115. Williams, Jobn, 88. Worcester, Noah, 418. Ward, Artemas 415. Westall, Richard, 461. Williams, pilloried, 67. Worde, Wynkynde, 32. Ward, John, 401. Weston, Richard, 441. Williams, Renwick, 267. Wormly, Ralph, 249. Ward, John, 308. Wetmore, Leonidas, 404. Williams, Rogers, 102. Worsdale, James, 231. Ward, Mat. F., 172. Wetstein, J. J., 116. Williams, Simon, ap, 206. Worsley, Richard, 311. Wardlaw, Ralph, 475. Weymouth, George, 126. Williamson, Hugh, 202. Worth, general, 183. Wardle, G. L., 455. Whalley, regicide, 95. Willink, Wilhelm, 67. Worth, G. A., 132. Ware, James, 456. Wharton, Henry, 93. Willoughby, Fr.,'59,306. Worthington, Wm., 389. Ware, William, 76. Wharton, Philip, 213. Willoughby, Hugh, 187. Wotton, Henry, 461. Wargentin, Peter, 470. Wheaton, Henry, 99. Wilmot, John, 293. Wower, John. 125. Warham, William, 332. Wheeler, C. S., 232. Wilmot, J. E., 55. Wrangham, Francis, 486. Warner, Ferdinand, 385. Wheeler, Francis, 73. Wilson, Alex., 333. Wray, Daniel, 487. Warner, William, 97. Wheeler, George 74. Wilson, Andrew, 151. Wrede, C. P., 470. Waronzow, 243. Whiffen, J. H., 177. Wilson, F. A., 213. Wren, C., 84. Warren, J. C., 179. Whipple, William, 452. Wilson, James, 339. Wren, Dr., 103. Warren, general, 236. Whiston, William, 331. Wilson, J. L., 321. Wren, Matthew, 164. Warrington, Lewis, 397. Whitbread, Samuel, 265. Wilson, John, 310. Wright, Benjamin, 335. Wartenburg, count, 387. Whitby, Daniel, 116. Wilson, John, 31. Wright, captain, 420. Warton, Joseph, 81. Whitcomb, J., 127. Wilson, John, 278. Wright, Frances, 472. Warton, Thomas, 200. White, Gilbert, 249. Wilson, John, 172. Wright, John, 29. Warville, de, 418. White, H. K., 405. Wilson, Richard, 188. Wright, Mr., 41. Warwick beheaded, 451. White, Hugh, 153. Wilson, Thomas, 95. Wright, Silas, 339. Warwick, earl, 162, 172, White, John, 41. Wilson, Thomas, 69. Wright, Peter, 198. 384. White, Joseph, 202. Wilton, statuary. 330. Wroitesley, H., 429. Warwick, Robert, 109. White, Joseph Blanco,200 Wimble, Will, 258. Wulf, Christian, 223. Washington, 12, 14, 15 79 White, judge, 248. Winckelman, A. J., 223. Wurmzer, Gen., 307, 309. 173, 234, 238, 242, 258, White, Peregrine, 285. Windichgratz, princess, Wyat, Thomas, 80. 266, 293, 421, 460, 464, White, Thomas W., 33. 231. Wyatt, John, 56. 472, 476, 482. White, William, 283. Wing, Vincent, 369. Wyatt, Thomas, 144. Washington, Bailey, 307. Whitehead, Paul, 489. Wingate, Edmund, 474. Wycherley, William, 10. Washington, B., 450. Whitehead, William, 150. Wingate, Mrs., 20. Wyet, Sylvester, 133. Washington, G. C., 282. Whitefield, Geo., 72, 382. Winslow, Edward,184,188 Wykeham, William, 374. Washington, J. M., 484. Whitgift, John, 87. Winslow, J. B., 132. Wyndham, William, 236. Washington, Mrs., 336. Whiting, Henry, 365. Winslow, Thomas, 329. Wyon, William, 414. Waser, J. H., 250. Whitney, Eli, 20. Winslow, Thomas, 337. Wythe, George, 224. Wasiliowitsch, P. A., 197. Whittaker, John, 417. Winter, J. W. de, 216. Xavier, Bichat, 287. Waterhouse, Benj., 385. Whittmgham, Wm., 270. Winthrop, John, Jr., 135, Xavier Francis, 457. Waterland, Daniel, 482. Whittlesey, F., 368. 391. Xenophon, 24. Watkins, John, 72. Whitworth, Charles, 190. Winthrop, John, 118,230. Xerxes, 309, 481. Watkins, Tobias, 435. Wickliffe, John, 81, 486, Winthrop, Fitz John,450. Ximenes, Francis, 113, 427 Watrous, J. R.. 473. 490. Winwood, Ralph, 413. Xisuthrus, 295. Watson, admiral, 22. Widville, Anthony, 231. Wirsungus, 333. Yalden, Thomas, 280. Watson, Elkanah, 470. Wieland, Chris. M., 34. Wirt, William, 74. Yale, Elihu, 267. Watson, James, 374. Wilberforce, 30, 296. Wise, Francis, 389. Yates, J. A., 338. Watson, Robert, 139. Wild, James, 399. Wismer, Jacob, 53. Yeo, Capt., 25. Watson, Richard, 261. Wild, Jonathan, 248. Wismer, B. B., 61. Yezid, Muley, 70. Watt, James, 336. Wilde, S. S., 245. Wistar, Caspar, 37. Yoakem, H., 455. Watt, James, 474. Wilde, Thomas, 432. Withers, George, 176. York, duke of, 19, 347, 435 Watt, Robert, 100. Wilde, William, 446. Witherspoon, John, 436. York, marshal, 387. Watton, Edward, 387. Wilkes, Lieut., 33, 327. Witherspoon, Alex., 179. Yorke, lord chancellor, 33 Watts, Isaac, 448. Wilkes, John, 33, 154,173, Witsius, Herman, 402. Young, Arthur, 77. Wayland, John, 409. 181, 436, 485. Woffington, Marg., 12'2. Young, Ebenezer, 327. Wayne, Anthony, 472. Wilkie, David, 215. Wolcott, Oliver, 457. Young, Edward, 146. Wayne, surprised, 379. Wilkie, William, 394. Wolcott, Oliver, 215. Young, John, 109. Weaver, Thomas, 259. Wilkins, Charles, 190. Wolcott, Roger, 195. Young, Matthew, 452. 514 INDEX. Young, Samuel, 421. Zajonezeck, Joseph, 296. Ziegenbalg, B., 80. Zollikoffer, G. J., 34. Ypsilanti, Alex., 46. Zanchius, Jerome, 440. Zimmerman, J. G., 391. Zoutman, admiral, 307. Zabarella, Francis, 376. Zarco, J. Gonzales, 257. Zinzendorf, count, 185. Zringi, N., 352. Zabira, George, 368. Zemaun Shah, 10, 43. Zisca, 397. Zuinglius, 396. Zach, F. X. de, 346. Zeno, Apostolo, 431. Zobeyr, A,ibn, 369. Zurich, 218, 219. Zahn, prof., 475. Zeyd, Abdurrahman, 442. Zoega, George, 63. Zurlauben, de, 370. IND E X. BATTLES, SIEGES AND OTHER MILITARY OPERATIONS. Abdication of Bonaparte, America, letters of Autosse, 454. Besancon, 192. 144. marque, 57. Aux Canards, 280, 284. Bethhoran, 391. Abensburgh, 158. American vessels captur- Avenger taken, 107. Bethsan, 192. Aboukir, 112, 280, 291. ed, 155. Avery, brig, 170. Betsey, sloop, 433. Aboukir bay, 96, 100. American war, loss, 20. Ayacucho, 466. Beyrout, 358, 395. Acapulco captured, 256. Amoy taken, 198. Badajos, summoned, 65. Biezun, 482. Achulga, 341. Amphion, 372. Badajos, 65, 99, 138, 225, Blackheath, 228. Acre, 196, 271, 272. Amsterdam, 33, 34, 395. 227. Black Mingo, 379. Acris, 111. Anaconda, 275. Badere Zoffer, 266. Blackrock, 119, 272, 451, Actium, 345. Anapa, 216. Bahia, 104. 458. Aculco, 416. Ancon subsidized, 311. Balaboo, 277. Blackstocks, 443. Adda, 170. Ancona, 229. Balaclava, 412. Bladensburgh, 334. Adrianople, 259, 312, 329. Anhalt, 120. Baltimore, Ireland, 218. Blenheim, 240, 302. AEgospotami, 470. Anklan, 418. Baltimore, 358. Bliescastle, 440. iEqui, 236. Angora, 295. Baltimore privateers, 132. Bloreheath, 372. Afghanistan, 162. Anhoue, 430. Banca straits, 40. Blue Licks, 328. Affghans deleated, 361. Annapolis royal, 384. Banbury, 292. Bocca Chicca, 117. Africa, conquest,361. Anti-Gallican alliance,144 Banda, 96. Bceotians defeated, 13. Aghrim, 272. Antigua convoy, 222. Bannockburn, 246. Bogueforts, 85. Agincourt, 410. Antioch, 229. Barbados and Vidette, 69, Bois-le-duc, 391. Agra taken, 318, 402. Antioch, 216, 329, 406. 70. Bojaca, 310. Aix, isle of, 399. Antwerp, 25,138, 413, 483. Barcelona, 359. Bologna, 111, 466. Alaeso bay, 337. Aosta, 162. Barnet, 149. Bomarsund forts, 324. Alamo, Texas, 81. Apache Indians, 166. Barren hill, 199. Bonumtown, 151. Albany surrendered, 374. Arago and St. Theresa, Barrosa, 94. Boonsborough, 151, 260, Albuera, 194. 57. Basing, 398. 311. Alcantara, 189. Arbela, 337, 384. Basque roads, 147, Bordeaux, 97, 100, 404,460 Alcazar-do-Sal, 406. Arcola, 437. Bassano, 315. Bordentown, 183. Alcide blew up, 275. Arden forest, 109. Bassi, 89. Borghetto, 212. Aldea de Ponte, 378. Argus captured, 321. Bastia, 200. Borisoff, 444. Aldenhoven, 89. Arklow, 225. Batavia taken, 311. Borodino, 350, 352. Alderne, 192. Arlaban, 30. Bautzen, 200, 201. Boston bay, 233. Aleppo sacked, 431. Arly bridge, 252. Bagdad sacked, 288. Boston, 90, 98, 383. Alert and Essex, 319. Armada, 21, 210, 309, 310. Baylen, 284. Boston, frigate, 301. Alexander, ship, 469. Armstrong, brig, 376. Bayonne, 466, 471. Bosworth field, 331. Alexandria, 257, 329, 340, Arnee, 216. Baza, 313. Bothwell bridge, 244. 347, 480. Arnhem, 26, 31. Beauge, 131. Botzen, 114. Alexandria, Va., 342. Arras, 335. Beauvals, 270. Boundbrook, 148. Alfred frigate, 92. Arrow, 53. Beaverdams, 247. Bouvines, 291. Algerine pirates, 186. Artemisium, 309. Beclhithe, 440. Boxer captured, 350. Algerine ship, 410. Arthur defeated, 300. Bedford, 349. Boxtel, 363. Algerines and Corsicaus, Artois captured. 257. Bednapore, 42. Boyne, 256. 215. Ascalon, 316. Beechy head, 254. Braddock's defeat, 268. Algesiras, 264. Asp abandoned, 277. Befort, 252. Brahestadt, 212. Algiers, 252, 263, 338, 359, Aspasia brig, 93. Bellegarde, 319, 367. Bramham moor. 87. 414, 462. Assaye, 373. Belgium, 434. Braudywine, 358. Alleghany, 169. Assyria entered, 368. Belgrade, 280, 427. Braunsberg, 85. Allia, 282. Asterach, 112. Belleisle, 222, 442. Breig taken, 24. Alma, 370. Astrea and La Glorie,143. Belliqueux, 421. Breda taken, 90. Almanza, 135, 149, 280. Atalanta and Phebe, 22. Bellona, 78. Brenville, 174. Almeida, 187. Atalanta captured, 209, Bellona, Alarm and Le Brescia, 126, 354. Almoden, 52. 371. Dumas, 17. Breslaw, 17, 467. Almonacid, 316. Atlas taken, 275. Belooches, 73. Brest, 150. Altenkirchen, 366. Atlas prizes, 305. Bennington. 323. Brest fleet, 330. Amaranta, 176. Ath surrendered, 393,427. Berbice surrendered, 374. Briant's station, 322. Amazon, frigate, 117. Athenian army, 338. Berezina, 451. Briar creek, 92. Amboy evacuated, 254. Athens, 104, 379. Bergen, 148. Bridgwater, 184, 292, 293. Amboyna, 70, 72.!Atherton moor, 254. Bergen-op.Zoom, 62, 97, Brienne, 44, 50. Ambuscade, 209. Aurique, 291. 364. Brihenga, 450. Ameers defeated, 74. Auerstadt, 399. Bergfried, 50. Bristol, R. I.. 205. Amerslbort, 26. Audierne bay, action, 25. Berlin, 393, 411. British at Alexandria,100 American coast threat-i Augusta evacuated, 66. Berne, 84. British and Americans, ened, 327. Austerlitz, 458. Berwick, 121, 124. 411. 516 INDEX. British barges, 144. Canada patriots, 89, 106, Chin-keang-foo, 285. Cumberland merchantBritish brig, 453. 218, 247, 298, 311, 320, Chinese war junks, 424. men, 25. British convoy, 261. 361, 441, 453. Chippewa, 263, 266. Cumpitch, 443. British and Dutch, 73,191, Canajoharie, 301. Chipptwa and Sioux, 307. Curacoa taken, 11. 196, 217, 291. Canandaigua, 357. Chippewas massacred, Cuxhaven, 266. British decamped, 289. Candapore, 42. 257. Czaslau, 195. British defeated, 224. Candy, king of, taken, 74. Choezine, 173. Damascus, 37. British despatch. 446. Cannae, 200. Choczin, 431. Dan crossed, 67. British left Egypt, 373. Canton, 85, 209, 258. Cholet, 402. Danbury burnt, 167. British fleet, 163, 307. Cape Francois, 246, 440. Chumpee expedition, 424. Danes defeated, 215. British and French fleets, Cape Good Hope, 22, 338, Chusan captured, 308. Danish islands, 479. 57, 72, 105, 153, 154, 156, 362, 364, 373. Chusan recaptured, 384. Dantzic, 13, 201, 254. 171, 178, 192, 202, 209, Cape Musalo, 269. Cine captured, 193. Darby, Vt., 475. 215, 246, 248, 262, 264, Cape Spartel, 364. Cirenester, 49. Dardanelles, 76, 188. 273, 278, 294, 312, 319, Cape River fort, 333. Citale, 19. Dartmouth destroyed,349 326, 327, 334, 337, 347, Capricieuse, 262. Ciudad Rodrigo, 33, 270 Decatur, privateer, 307. 349, 357, 375, 394. I Carabobo, 247. 374. Deerfield, 88, 344, 355,366. British foragers, 33. j Cardenas, 198. Civita Vecchia, 166. Defence ehip attacked,432 British took Guadaloupe, Carlisle surrendered, 436. Civitella, 237. Dego, 2d battle, 152. 161. Carlists defeated, 30. Cleopatra captured, 72, Delawarebay,364, 383. British and Hindoos, 270. Carlowitz bombarded, 239 81, 238. Delaware, 465, 103. British and Indians re- Carlsruhe, 191. Cleopatra and Topaz, 36. Delaware frigate, 377. pulsed, 411. Carmen and Florentia,139 Clorinde taken, 84. Delaware settlements,355 British ships, 52, 142, 281, Caroline and Raphael, 42. Cobble hill, 445. Delhi pillaged, 25. 430, 457, 464. Caroline steamboat, 489. Coblentz 6urrendered,407 Demerara, 161, 368, British andSpanishfleets, Caroline schooner, 486. Cocheco, 351. Demerary, 52. C I 3 1'arolie, sho. 4 153 182, 312, 315, 323, Carouge, 252. Codgia bay, 355. Denain,'90. 3833. ICarrickfergus, 78, 164. Codogno, 200. Denmark and Sweden,88. British attacked Sullivan, Cartania, 71. Coimlbra, 289, 391. Derne, 197. 341. Carthage spoliated, 409. Colombo, 69. Deseada, 160. British and Tippo Saib, Carthagena, 87,239, 287. Combahee, 336. Detroit summoned, 322, 175. Casco, fort, 194. Comet and British ships, 324, 380. British transport, 37, 236, Castella Nuovo, 446. 26. Dettingen, 235. 272. Castiglione, 307. Commerce, 473. Devinther, 33. British vessels, 357, 394, Castilla, 149. Comorn taken, 378. Devonshire man-of-war, 420, 438, 490. Castiliau ships taken, 340 Compeigne, 202. 393. Broad river, 432. assano, 168.'Compte Regrinaud, 454. Diamond rock, 216. Brookfield, 302. Cassel taken, 420. Concord and Rose, 410. Diana taken,'202. Brown & Izard, 400. Cassino, 323. Conde garrison, 342. Didalus and La Prudente, Brownstown, 307. Castine fort, 345. Congress and Savage, 351 61. Bruges, 253, 427. Cattaro fortress, 17. Coni taken, 459. Diernsten, 431. Brugos, 167. Cayenne, 25, 88, 192. Constantinople, 130, 137, Diersheim, 157. Brumnpt, 402. Cedars fort, 192, 199, 208. 115, 210, 283, 321. Doe, 440. Brunnen, 387. Constellation and Insur- Dogger bank, 307. Bucharest, 310. Cerisoles, 144. gent, 61. Dole taken, 67. Buda taken, 333. Cerralvo, 449. Constellation, 53. Dominica attacked, 78, Buenos Ayrei, 18, 263, Cerro Gordo, 156. Constitution chased, 273. 467. 296, 318, 410. Ceutla, Mexico, 117. Constitution and Guer- Dominica schooner, 307. Buena Vista, 81. Ceylon, 147, 148. riere, 328. Donabew, 110. Buffalo, 305, 489. Chacabuco, 65. Contreras, 329. Donauworth, 258. / Bugea ships destroyed, Chaleur bay, 267. Copenhagen, 131, 325, 326, Dorchester, 92, 453. 186. Chalgrove, 246. I 328, 352, 406. Dorogobouche, 426. Bullion, 197. Chamblee, 403. Corfu, 91, 278. Dorylaeum, 260. Bunker hill, 236. Champlain, 345. Corne, 55. Dover attacked, 250, 337, Burnt Island, 172. Champlain lake, 358. C'oro taken, 306. 352. Burlington winter quar- Chapultepec, 359. Coronea, 320, 403. Dover quakers, 250. ters, 446. Charlemont, 188. Corsair captured, 364. Dragashan, 240. Buxar, 408. Chtalotte, 190. Corsica. 28. Drake and Ranger, 164. Cabadonga, 241. Charlotte court house, Cortez attacked, 102. Dreadnought, 200. Cabul, 308, 361, 383. 376. Corunna, 29, 33. Dresden, W37, 338, 476. Caen captured, 292. Charieston frigate, 478. Costa Ricans, 143. Drogheda, 357. Cadiz bombarded, 163, Charleston, 141, 146, 188, Countess Scarboro', 373. Droits des Hommes, 25. 242, 244, 245, 263, 322, 189, 236, 471. Courageux and Minerva, Drumclog, 214. 336, 363. Charlestown, N. H., 133. 15. Dublin, 205. Caffres attacked, 488. Charleroi, 248. Cowpens, 30, 51. Dumblane, 433. Cawear and Pompey, 105. Chateau Thierry, 65. Cracow, 116, 252. Dunbar, 168, 346. Cagancha, 488. Chatusitz, 195. Craibstone, 442. Dundee, 344. Cahlal, 300. Chatham, 387. Craney island, 244. Dunkirk, 236, 354. Cainin, 105. Chaumeuil, 49. Craonne, 96. Duplin moor, 316. Cairo, 148, 251, 286, 342. Chebriessa, 276. Cranon in Thessaly, 302. Duquesne, 209. Calais, 9,305. Cherbourg, 201. Crecy, 337. Durazzo, 236. Calcutta surrendered, 10, Cherington, 123. Creftlt, 245, 446. Duren, 170. 12', 45, 234,'238, 24.L Cherokees, 226, 252. Cremona burnt, 416, 488. Dutch and English fleets, Callao taken, 311. Cherokee ford, 67. Creole captured, 254. 214. Calpy, 178. Cheronea, 301.. Cressy, 334. Dutch feet, 325, 468. Camaret bay, 330. Cherry Valley, 431. Crevant. 299. Dutch and French fleets, Camargo, 368. Cherubusco, 329. Crimea evacuated, 274. 222. Cambray, 135, 211. Chesapeake bay, 55. Crimesus, 164. Dutch and Portuguese, 24 Cambuskenneth, 357. Chesapeake's prizes 142, Cropredy, 253. Dutch defeated Spaniards Camden, 156, 165, 187, 323 215, 244. Croton ri'ver, 191. 397. Camp Defiance, 42. Chevannes, 252. Crown point, 297, 306. Dutch ships searched, 12. Campaldino, 227. Chicago, 322. Cuba, 65. 203, 319. Eagle sloop, 261. Campen, 400. Chili, 472. Cuenca, 263. East India squadron, 69. Camperdown, 396. Chillianwallah, 26. Cuenca, 25. East Indiamen, 311. Campo, Mayor, 117. Chinchura, 448. Culloden, 46, 153. Eastport, 272. INDEX. 517 Ecchanachacca, 481. Fort Alden, 431. Franca-villa, 241. Greenbush, 446. Eckmuhl, 161. Fort Ann, 267. French victories, 52. Griswold fort, 351. Edgehill, 409. Fort Arbuthnot, 474. French West Indiamen, Groningen, 62. Edikhoffen, 273. Fort Augustus 102. 242. Grosmont, 97. Edinburgh, 130, 332, 482. Fort Bowyer, 64, 360, 363. Freybourg, 415. Gross Beeren, 333. Eckeren, 254. Fort Broot, 169. Friday's ferry, 269. Groton, 101. Egypt, 77, 198. Fort Bull burnt, 120. Frolic, 305, 403. Growler, 315. Eisach, 116. Fort Casimir, 364. Frontenac fort, 338. Guadalaxara, 30. El Arish taken, 77, 84. Fort Clinton, 389. Fuentes d'Onor, 180. Guadalete, 172. Elba, 270, 313,441. Fort Erie, 259, 305, 322, Gaelic forces defeated. Guadaloupe, 36, 52, 55, Elephant captured, 77. 339, 366, 369 371. 289. 160, 253, 389. El Felix captured, 464. Fort George, 206, 2q8, 224, Gaeta, 283. Guanajauto, 283. Elizabethtown, 20, 58. 268, 281, 285, 394. Galeneta, 378. Guerrier and Junon, 14. Ellen Morril, 290. Fort Granby, 192. Gallipoll, 127. Guerrier taken, 284, 328. Elmira, 341. Fort Johnson, 282. Galto, Italy, 212. Guilford court house, 104 Embargo, 144. Fort Kalunga, 451. Gamlala, 372. Guilledtume Tell, 125. England vs. Spain, 14. Fort Lee, 439. Gananoque, 371. Guingette, 323. England, invasion of, 278. Fort Lewis, 436. Garalavitz, 404. Guntzburg, 334. England and France Fort Massachusetts, 302, Gareta san Cosma, 362. Guttstadt, 50, 224. against Russia, 122. 329. Gaul laid waste, 489. Hadley attacked, 405. England, marque and re- Fort McHenry, 359. Gaustella, 75. Hagenau, 402. prisal against, 122. Fort Meigs invested, 158, Gawilghar, 472. Hague, 38. English and Dutch, 348. 175, 179, 180, 186i. Gaymas, 275. Halidon hill, 240. English and Dutch fleets, Fort Mercer evacuated, Gaza taken, 77, 326. Halle, 402. 215, 414. 439. Gedeonovo, 328. Hamburg, 441. English & French fleets, Fort Mifflin, 427 436. Geertruidenberg, 34. Hameln, 441. 340. Fort Mirabeau, 329. Gelderland, 198. Hampton, Va., 248, 413. English and Irish war,385 Fort Montgomery, 389. Geldermalsem, 17. Halancock captured, 266. English marches, 289. Fort Motte, 189. Gelders, 365. Hancock & Levant, 368. Enniscorthy, 209. Fort Moultrie, 181. Gelo, 380. Hangho, 324. Enophyta, 13. FortNiagara, 291, 444,477 Gemappe, 237, 425. Hanging rock, 308. Enterprise and Boxer,307 Fort Nicholas, 54. Gemblours, 46. Hango Udd, 220. 350. Fort Olivio, 253. Genoa, 103, 125,252, 460. Harfieur, 376. Enzersdorff, 263. Fort Orange, 374. Genoese and Venetian Harlem Heights, 364. Epernai siege, 293. Fort Philip, 199. fleets, 340. Harlequin, 409. Epervier captured, 171. Fort Prince George, 70. George, brig, 310, Hasnon, 187. Erpingham, 99. Fort du Quesne, 448. Georgetown, 39. Hastalrick, 188. l:rfurt surrendered, 401. Fort Rouge, 465. Georgia in Asia, 406. Hastings, 398. Erie fort bombarded, 321. Fort Sabourin, 81. Georgia expedition, 450. Hatfield burnt, 211, 355. Errour, 85. Fort St. Fernando, 446, Georgiana, 171. Haverhill burnt, 330. Erzeroum captured, 251. Fort St. George, 69. Geresio, 46. Havre de Grace, 41, 178. Erzeroum, 213, 269. Fort St. Joseph, 285. German Flats, 173. 217. Esdrelon, 153. Fort St. Philip, 31. Germantown, 386. Haw river, 84. Esopus war, 370. 398. Fort Schuyler. 304. Gerona taken, 207, 467, Hayti, 28,55. Esperance and Argonaut, Fort Stanwix, 331. 474. Hazard and Albion, 48. 20. Fort Stephenson, 303. Ghatz, 421. Heagley moor, 83. Esperes, 202. Fort Washington, 437. Ghent, 81, 97, 231. Hedgecote, 292. Essex and George, 310. Fort Wayne, 359. Gibraltar, 66, 95, 222, 270, Hellsburg, 2'26. Essex captured, 1'22. Fornelli, 72. 287, 354, 355, 357, 360, Helliopolis, 111, 194. Essequibo, 52, 368. Forth and Regent, 368. 428, 450, 485. Hellespont, 481. Essling, 201, 202. Foudroyant, 87. Giulliano, mount, 164. Helvoetsluys, 38. Estremadura, 229. Fox recaptured, 266. Giurgevo, 266. Hennebon, 312. Etchoe, 226. France invaded, 11, 25, Gladsmuir, 315. Henrietta, 284. Etzel, 322. 254, 328. Glasgow, ship, 138. Heraclea, 172. Eupatoria, 73. France, reprisal, 63. Glencoe, 66. Hermazillo, 420. Eustatia, 80. France and Great Britain, Glenlivet, 385. Hermes ship, 363. Eutaw Springs, 354, 355. 110, 116. Glenshields, 226. Hermione, 200. Evesham, 305. France and Spain, 179. Gloutzk, 362. Hertford, 462. Exdorfi; 280. France against England, Gluckstadt, 17. Hesse taken, 420. Exiles, pass aux, 267. 278. Ghuznee, 288, 384. Hestenbeck, 291. Experiment, 345. Frankfort, 458. Goa, 70. Hexham, 192. Faenza, 52. Frankfort-sur-Maine, 12. Goeree, 136. Highflyer, 373. Fairfield, 266. Fraustadt, 64. Golden Eagle captured, Himera, 309, 321. Falcon, 312. Frederick fort, 265. 214. Hinsdale, 294. Falkirk-, 30, 243, 287. Frederickshanl, 287. Goletta, 291. Hispaniola, 115. Falkland islands, 225. French and British fleets, Golymin, 485. Hochkirchen, 399. Falmouth, 403. 41, 110, 122, 149, 320. Goree, 31, 52, 97, 486. Hochstadt, 307. Famars, 178, 203. French booty, 436. Goritz, 112. Hohenfriedberg, 218. Far West, 415. French brigs, 13, 139, 259, Goths submitted, 385. Hohenlinden, 459. Fayal roads. 376. French camp, 169. Gradisca, 109. Holland invaded, 298. Fehrbellin, 238. French convoy, 141, 195. Graebenstein, 247. Homildon hill, 361. Fersen, 395. French and Dutch, 320. Granada, 37, 135, 264. Honululu taken, 336. Figueras, 328, 443. French and Dutch fleets, Grand Ance, 408. Hoosick attacked, 339. Fillinghausen, 280. 162. Grand Cul-de-sac, 473,476 Hope captured, 195. Fiorenza & Psyche, 66. French fleet, 74, 87, 96, Granicus, 201. Hopkin's squadron, 465. Five nations, 265. 146, 147, 148, 240, 265, Grannicus & Geo. Little, Hopton Heath, 109. Flanders, 337, 427. 267, 270, 276, 397, 479. 55. Horse Shoe, 120 350. Flatbush, 338. French merchantmen, 260 Grao harbor, 253. Hostalrick, 427.I Fleurus, 249, 252, 254. French mills, 66, 79. Grave, 487. Houghley taken, 22. Flodden, 355. French privateer, 171. Graysons farm, 440. Hoya, 82. Florence, 117. French prize, 150. Great Bridge, 476. Hudson crossed, 362. Florida, taken, 185, French reembarked, 486. Greene's army, 312. Humber, Danes landed, Flushing taken, 168. French & Spanish fleets, Greisse, 468. 357. Fontenoy, 173. 100, 248, 287. Grenada, 397. Hungary, 158, 316. Fort Adams, 350. Frenchtown, 31, 36, 38,171 Grenada, W. I., 259. Hungariansat Vienna, 396 66 518 INDEX. Hunsruch, 199. -Kremlin, 362, 405. Lincoln, 49. Martelli, 75. Huron villages, 104. Kreutznach, 457. Lincoln, 197. Martello, tower, 62. Ice, battle on, 135. Kunersdorf, 317. Lisbon, 290, 445. Martigne, 462. Indefatigable and Ama. Kursonet, 483. Liscard, 32, 346. Martinico, 248. zon, 25. Kustrin, 322, 420. Lisle, 409. Martinique, 53, 67, 265. Indian country invaded, Kutowsofl; brig, 166. Lissa, 461. Matagorda fort, 163. 331. L'Africaine, 75. Little Belt, 194. Maubege, 400. Indians, 291, 298, 378. L'Ambuscade, 301. Little Egg hareor, 368. Maypu, 136. Indians and Virginians, Lacedemonian fleet, 320. Little Somerda, 411. Meaux, 186. 395. La Charite, 78. Lizard point, 393. Medfield, 78, 82. Ingoldstadt, 172. La Chausse, 55. Loar, 126. Melienydd, 229. Ingour, 425. La Chinse, 113. Loano, 445. Mequienza, 224. Inverness ship burnt, 91. La Cole mills, 126. Loche Hatchee, 39. Menagerie ship taken, 469 Iphigenie captured, 22, 469 La Curieux, 53. Lodi, 187. Mendon, 275. Inkerman, 425. Laffesat, 64. Logan's fort, 283. Mentz, 287, 351, 416. Ireland invaded, 205, 384. La Forte, 88. Long island, 27, 331, 341. Mery burnt, 80. Irequois and French, 394. La Fortune, 75. Longroy, 332. Messina, 60, 350. Isle of Man, 459. La Furet, 86. Longomilla, 465. Metz siege raised, 484. Isle of Wigh-t, 274. La Furieuse, 264. Longwood, 93. Mexican brig, 155. Islipbridge, 164. Lagos, 485. Loretto, 62. Mexico, 211, 212, 247, 256, Ismael fortress, 478. La Guaira, 75. Los Cruces, 417. 259, 318, 427, 481, 482. Italy, hostillties, 82. La Hogue, 119, 198, 201, Loudown hill, 186. Miami, 329. Italy ravaged, 340. 203, 204. Louisbourg, 225, 236, 293. Miami, 382, 423. Iztapalapan, 212. Lahore, 10. Louvain, 458, 481. Micanopy, 225. Jaca, 72. Lake Borgne, 472. Lowositz, 383. Michilimackinac, 281. Jafta, 95, 219. Lake Champlain, 396. Lubec, 425. Mignano, 194. Jafif invested, 92. Lake Erie, 357, 394. Lucania, 302. Miguel defeated, 259. Jaf'napatam, 379. Lake George, 325, 353,367 Lucca, revolution, 28. Milan taken, 191. Jagensdorf, 201. Lake Ontario, 383, 430. Luciensteig, 96. Miller's hill, 445. Jamaic:t, 177, 250. Lambach, 364. Lundy's lane, 292. Millessimo, 148, 150. Jambouli, 301. Lancaster, 62. Lutzen, 176, 426. Milliduse, 258. James river, 264. Landau, 447. Lydians and Medes, 380. Miltau entered, 376. Jargeau, 226. Landon, 268, 283. Lyme, England, 228. Mincio, 438. Java taken, 311, 367, 488. Landshut, 160, 245. Lyons, 392, 405. Minden, 300. Jean captured, 200., Langside hill, 189. Maadie, 101. Minerva and Warwick, 37 Jena, 399. Lannoy, 197. Maastricht, 428. Minisink, 287, 289. Jersey line revolt, 34. Lansdowne, 262. McCowan's ford, 48. Minorca, 55, 238, 327. Jerusalem taken, 202, 221, Laon, 98. Macedonia captured, 411. Miranda's squadron, 168. 224, 229, 265, 275, 277, La Pique and Blanche,18. Maciejowice, 387. Mire and Swierza, 226. 310, 352, 385, 466. La Prothee taken, 81. Mackinaw, 306 324. Mire, 228. John, brig, 225. La Rancune and Pigmy, Mackowieze, 3b5. Mississinewa, 475. Johnson Hall, 201. 20. Maclin, 270. Missolonghi, 19, 161. Johnstown, 200. Larvis, 111. Madagascar, 203. Mistic, fort, 206. Joppa taken, 205. Lauback, 129. Madre de Dios, 303. Mobile, 100, 360. Jotopata, 192. 214. Laupen, 242. Madrid, 155, 163, 191, 299, Mocha, 34. Judera siege, 429. Lauter, 363. 318. 461. Mohatz, 340. Julia, schooner, 315. Lauterbach, 457. Maesia, 158. Mohawk castles, 27, 57. Julierls, fortress, 385. Lantern, 453. Maestricht, 239. Mohawks invaded, 361. Junin, 309. Lauzara, 322. Magdeburg, 186, 427. Mohringen, 10. Junon taken, 471. La Virginie captured,170. Magicienne & Sybille, 30. Molino el Rey, 354. Junon and Guerrier, 14. La Voluntaire taken, 93. Maguaga, 313. Molwitz, 145. Kaiserslautern, 34, 208, Laxaron, 413. Maida, 261. Mongal, 299. 378. Leander and Putnam,428. Mainz, 487. Monk's Corner, 150. Kalafat, 461. Le Bourbon, 78. Makey destroyed, 148. Monmouth, 251. Kars invested, 246, 380, Ledjars, 144. Malaga, 55, 319. Montebello, 226. 449. Le Genereux, 74. Malden taken, 378. Monte di Sivaro, 91. Katzbach, 337. Leghorn, 117, 187. Malolo destroyed, 292. Montenotte, 143. Kay, 245. Lee surprised, 470. Malone, 79. Montereau, 74. Kehl, 157, 480. Leignitz, 486. Malplaquet, 358. Monterey, 371, 372, 373, Kelat taken, 434. Leipsic, 307, 401. 403, 404, Malta, 74, 196, 228, 230, 273 405. Kesseldorf, 473. 405.''Manchester, Va., 173. Montevideo, 52, 251. Kettaning, 353. Leira taken, 28. Mangalore, 84, 97. Montezuma captured, 171 Key West, 371. Lens, 328. Manheim, 91, 446. Montmirial, 64, 69. Khivan cavalry routed,231 L'Entreprenant taken, ]Manilla taken, 389. Montreal, 293, 352, 432. Kickmut river,205. 74. Mans, 469. Montreuil siege, 361. IKikapoo villages, 214, 330 Leo captured, 97. Mantua, 50, 189, 295. Montserrat. 80. Kilkenny, 114, 380. Leon, Nicaragua, 307. Marathon, 378. Mons, 138, 396. Killala taken, 326, 332. Lepanto, 161, 390. Marc Antony, 150. Moors and English, 368. Killicrankie,'206. Le Quesnoy taken, 321. Marchfeld, 337. Moors, 246, 306. Killrush, 151. Lerida, 191. Marchienne, 299. Moor's creek bridge, 86. Kilthomas hill, 208. Lesno, 390. Marciano, 303. IMoorsfield, 342. Kings bridge, 31. Leuthen, 461. IMarengo, 233. Morat, 243. Kings castle, 471. Levant, 88, 368. 1Marie, Yucatan, 183. Moravian town, 389. Kings mountain, 390. Lewistown, 138, 477. Marientzel, 427. |Morella, 327. King Philip, 251. Lexington, battle, 157. Marienwerder, 65. Morgarten, 464. Kinsale suirendered, 486. Leyden. 246, 385. ~ Marigalante, 92, 160. Morgiana, captured, 376. Klaistitzy, 315. L'Hercule taken, 158. Marignano, 360. Mormons, 415. Knockinoss, 433. L'Iris and L'Amiable, 52. Marignon, 398. Morocco, 57, 65. Kobrine, 293, 318. Licking river, 244. Marlborough, Mass., 118, Moro fort stormed, 298. Kolin, 238. Liddel castle, 384. 332. Morristown revolt, 10, 34. Kolotsk, 418. Liege. 96, 449. Marlbprough, Vt., 219. IMortimer's cross, 48, 49. Konich, 444. Lignay, 235. Marque, letter of, 24. Moscow burnt, 192, 362, Konigsberg, 237. Lima taken, 18, 76, 294, Marseilles, 362. 405. Kotriah, 457. 311, 430. Marseilles, 334, 386. Moskwa, 391. Koutovo, 438, 441. Limerick, 385. Marston Moor, 258. Moultan, 15, 351, 362. INDEX. 519 Mount Hope, 216. Northampton, 102, 270. Permacoli, 366. Presque isle, 235, 257. Mount William, 20. North Carolina, 289. Pernambuco, 26. Preston, 434. Mud fort, 427. North-point, 358. Persian lost, 253. Prestonpans, 370. Mulhausen, 162, 487, 490. Norwalk, 267. Persian sovereignty, 398. Preussish Eylau, 59. Munda, 105. Nottingharn, 331. Perth taken, 302. Prince of Wales fort, 312. Murza, 378. Nova Scotia, 106. Petapsco, 153. Princeton, 14, 24, 463. Musgrove's mills, 326. Novi, 321. Petersburgh, Va., 165,173 Prince Neufchatel, 487. Mutina, 150. Novoleski, 287. Peterswalde, 84. Prisches, 167. Mycale, 371. Number Four, 133. Peterwaradein, 307. Prome burnt, 357. Naarden, 36. Nuncas Nullius, 302. Petropaulowski, 155, 341, Providence burnt, 123. Namur, 248, 373. Nymegen, 407, 426, 468. 343. Prussia campaign opened, Nangis, 72. Ocana, 441. Petropaulowitz, 201. 375. Nankin taken, 110. Oczakow, 474. Pettick's island, 213. Prussian Poland, 58. Nantucket, 135. Ocracoke, 275. Pfullendorf, 111. Pruth, 302. Naples, 11, 38, 69, 190, 249, Odessa, 162. Pharsalia, 188. Puebla, 132. 265. (Esuvian fields, 87. Philadelphia taken, 347, Puffleck, 405. Napoli di Romania, 469. Ogdensburgh, 79, 80, 385 376, 377, 418. Pulaski's infantry, 400. Narragansett, 259,282, 477 387, 429 439. Philadelphia frigate, 70. Pultowa, 250, 267. Narva, 329, 454, 468. Ogeeche, 382. Philiphaugh, 360. Pultusk,174, 485 (see PolNarvaez defeated, 207. Old fort, 368. Philippi, 413. tosk). Naseby, 232. Oltenitza 424. Philip's manor burnt,439. Punjaub, 480. Nase of Norway, 240. Oneglia, i38. Phocis taken, 207. Purgatory river, 166. Nasielsk, 483. Onondaga invaded, 306. Piave, 100. Pursuit captured, 305. Natchez, 75. Onondaga destroyed, 157. Pichinca, 204. Putna, 298. Natonebi, 94. Ono ~e, 17. Piedmontese defeated,294 Putnam captured, 428. Nautilus, 254, 284. Ontario lake, 315. Piedmontaise, 97. Pydna, 243. Navarette, 131. Oporto taken, 124, 189. Pietra Nera, 69. Pyramids, 286. Navarino, 406. Orangeburgh. 188. Pigeon island, 62. Pyrennes, 296, 299. Navy island evacuated, Orcha evacuated, 443. Pigott captured, 416. Qualla Battoo, 58, 316. 27. Oriva, 225. Pigwacket, 184. Quebec taken, 283, 324, Naxos, 320. Orleans, siege, 184, 397. Pinckney field, 466. 331, 360, 365, 367, 388, Naxus, 368. Orthes, 86. Pinderrissum, siege, 419. 428, 461, 490. Necessity frigate captur- Ostenburgh taken, 23. Pinkey, 356. Queenstown, 269, 398. ed, 78. Ostend, 125, 198, 253, 371, Pirna, 401. Quiberon, 218, 222, 280. Neerwinden, 107, 297. 427. Pittsburgh evacuated,447 Raclawice, 133, Negapatam, 430. Ostrolenka, 70, 206. Placentia, 219, 234. Ragland castle, 327. Negombo, 55. Ostrovna, 292. Plaissey, 245. Raisonable captured, 210. Neumark, 114. Oswegatchie, 314. Plantagenet, 290. Raleigh frigate, 380. Nevil's cross, 402. Oswego, 182, 241, 276, 320, Planter, 270, 305. Ramilles, 203. Nevis, 26, 67. 383. Plassy, 55. Rammuggur, 445. Newark, 112, 467. Otterbourne, 298. Plataea, 140, 303, 371. Randolph frigate, 95. New Brunswick, 244. Otter creek, 191. Plattsburg, 299, 351, 358, Ratisbon, 163. Newberry, 413. Otumba, 265. 446. Rattlesnake taken, 272. Newbury, 369. Oudenarde, 271. Plowed hill, 337. Ravenna, 144. Newcastle taken, 404. Ouiattanons, 330. Plymouth review, 163. Red bank, 408. New Haven entered, 262. Oulart Hill, 208. Plymouth burnt, 188. Redinha, 100. New Jersey, 298, 471. Ouschatch, 410. Pocataligo, 151. Reedsquair, 177. New Orleans, 11, 20, 21. Oyster bay, 226. Poder gun ship burnt, 79. Reggio, 52. 23, 487. Oysterriver, 282. Poictiers, 367, 403. Regillum, 277. Newport siegeraised, 331, Pago Largo, 127. Point Peter fort, 25, 221. Rehoboth, 121. 411. Palatine buidge, 405. Poland invaded, 56. Reichenbach, 202. Newport, surprise, 270. Pallas captured, 293. Poles defeated, 282. Reichenberg, 160. New Providence, 92. Pallentia, 122. Polish insurgents, 183. Reindeer captured, 252. New York passed 60 217 Palma Nuovo, 108. Poltosk, 404, 406. Renchen, 252. 278, 298, 338, 363, 448.'Palo Alto, 165. Polyphemus and L'Ura- Rlesaca de la Palma, 186. New Valentia, 318. Paniput 159. nie, 17. Retaliation taken, 443, Nezib, 247. Passamaquoddy, 272. Pombal, 97. Revance de Cerfe, 138. Niagara, 206, 290. Para sacked, 333. Pondicherry, 29, 333, 357, Revel, 190. Nianticks, war with, 369. Paria, gulf of, 72, 304. 389, 401. Revolutionnaire, 209. Nicarauga & Costa Rica, Paris surrendered, 126, Pongoteague creek, 210. Richmond evacuated, 17, 99. 127, 148, 254. Pontefract, 89. 208, 241. Nicaraugua recruits, 143. Parma, 253. Po passed, 199. Richterswyl, 322. Nice besieged, 191, 313. Parmesans, 363. Port au Paix, 63. Rio Grande invaded, 283. Nicola Mole, 408. Passa Cavallo, 121. Port-au-Prince, 22, 218. Rio Pardo, 175. Nicomedia, 80. Passaic crossed, 452. Port Louis, 96. Riosecco, 277, 450. Nicopolis, 378. Passaro, 312. Port Royal, 51, 117, 384, Rivas, 145, 252. Niemen passed, 247. Patriots, Canadian, 449. 388. Rivoli, 26, 78. 239. Niesse, 215. Patuxet, 120. Porto Bello, 443. Rheims, 110, 279. Nieuport, 282. Paulus Hook, 283. Porto Cabello, 40. Rhenen, 27. Nieuwpoort taken, 427. Pavia. 81. Porto Novo, 257. Rhine crossed, 412. Nieve, 466, 467, 468. Pavonia, 83. Portsmouth, N. C., 275. Rhinefield, 420. Nile, battle of, 301. Peacock, 83, 416. Portsmouth plain, 249. Rhode Island taken, 463. Ninety six, 91, 239. Peekskill, 114. Portsmouth, 187. Rhodes, island of, 9. Nineveh, 456. Pequods exterminated, Portugal, 63, 132, 187,332. Roanoke, 193. Nisbeth, 182. 274. Potidaea, 394. Rocky mount, 298. Nijmegen, 468. Peipus, 135. Poultneyville, 193. Rocroy, 198. Noddle's Island, 208, 212. Pelican and Argus, 321. Powasin, 339. Roer, victory on, 385. Nollendorf, 342. Pelligen, 311. Praga, 127, 412, 423, 462. Rohilcund, 162. Nordlingen, 304. Penguin captured, 115. Prague, 180, 188, 239, 275. Roleia, 325, 380, 378. Norfolk, 10, 187, 259, 471. Penmarks, 96. Pravadia, 195. Rome, republicans repulNqrham castle, 328. Pennsylvania line revolt, Prentzlow, 415. sed, 171. Norkettin, 342. 10. Prescott, 426, 437. Rome, 181, 252, 258, 259, Norman fleet, 149. Penobscot, 290, 321. President frigate, 28. 340, 406, 466, 466, 474. Norridgewock, 317. Pensacola, 53, 185, 427. President and Swallow, Roman legion cut oft; 302. North Allerton, 331. Pentland hille, 450. 400. Romish territories, 446. 520 INDEX. Ross defeated, 411. Scythopolis, 192. St. Bartholomews, 105, Tampico, surrender, 359,. Rossega, 70. Seagull sunk, 240. 111. 455. Rosetta surrendered, 140. Sebastopol, 107, 142, 175, St. Charles, Canada, 449. Tangier, 177. Rossbach, 424. 221, 223, 239, 271, 354, St. Christophers, 64. Tangiers attacked, 388. Rothweil, 136. 403* St. Dizier, 119, 324. Tapanooly, 147. Rotto Fredo, 312. Sedgmoor, 262. St. Domingo, 57, 64, 96, Tappan surprised, 379. Roucoux, 383. Sediman, 464. 266, 454. Tariffa, 17, 490. Rouen conquered, 214. Selby, 144. St. Eustatia, 51. Tarleton's dragoons, 66. Roussllon, 468. Sempach, 268. St. Fernando de Omoa,401 Tarqui, 86. Routon heath, 412. Senecas, 245. St. Francis, 388. Tarragouna, 210, 252. Roveredo, 309. Senegal taken, 275. St. Gothard taken, 322. Tauffers, 134. Royal George, 429. Serapis captured 373. St. Helena taken, 129,144, Tavoy taken, 356. Royalton attacked, 401. Seringapatam, i36, 179, 181, 454. Tchatchovo, 452. Rudschuck, 351. 204. St. Jago, 153. Tchasniki, 418. Rumelia, 124. Sestos, siege of, 108. St. Jago de Cuba, 135. Tchernaya, 324. Russians, 55, 415. Severndroog castle, 130, St. Jean d' Acre, 107, 111, Telemaque captured, 239. Russia and Sweden, 63. Seven oaks, 246. 130, 167, 186, 190, 199, Ten-mile creek, 268. Russians and Turks, 240. Shipton moor, 209. 208, 422. Terlepe, 187. Russian iteet, 285. Shrewsbury, 286, 287. St. John's island, 63. Terrible privateer, 482. Russianmagazines, 366. Sicily, 323. St. Johns, 238, 306, 366, Tewksbury, 179. Russian squadron, 336. Sidi Khalif, 241. 422. Texas, 358. Russian ships, 247. Siedlce, 142. St. Leonard's creeks, 249. Texans defeated, 481. Russian Poland, 238. Sieg, 199. St. Lorenzo 116. T xal, 315. Saalfield bridge, 395. Sienna, 160. St. Lucia, 131, 228, 473, Thames captured, 212. Sababier, 270. Sierra Busaco, 378. 476. Thames, 388. Sabugal, 132. Sierra Morena, 36. St. Maloes, 259. Thessus, 140. Sacketts harbor, 201, 210. Sieverhausen, 225. St. Malo, explosion, 368. Thebes demolished, 327. Sag harbor, 204. Silesia, 406. St. 1lIarie, 134. Thermopylae. 309. Saguntum, 412. Silistria, 195, 212, 255. St. Martins, 71. Thessaly, ships to be Saints islands, 143. Silva, J. B., 327. St. Mary's tower, 25. searched, 142. Salamanca 287, 403. Simonstown, 276. St. Michael fort carried, Thiel, 21. Salamis, 3'28, 381, 406. Sinope, 455. 314. Thorn taken, 463. Salamonde, 194. Skeenesborough, 264. St. Neots, 265. Thrasymene, 245. Salem stores, 85. Slnys, 246, 337. St. Philip fort, 21. Three kings' battle, 306. Saltillo, 289. Smithfield, 27. St. Quintin, 313. Thuringia, 224. Sambre, 204. Smolensko, 325, 372, 432, St. Salvador, 158. Ticonderoga, 186, 264,267, Samo-sierra, 457. 437. St. Sebastian, 343. 293, 294, 367. San Antonio surrendered, Smolianovo, 325, 326. St. Vincent, 29, 68, 81, 228, Tiel taken, 15. 467. Smolnya, 435. 238. Tiger captured, 189. San Christoval, 77, 225. Sodus, 240. Stochach, 117. Tigress captured, 356. San Domingo, 118. Soldau, 485. Stoke, 220, 234. Tigris, Alex. crossed,368. Sand hills, 347. Solway moss, 44. Stolhoffen, 201. Tinchebrai, 377. Sandwich, 211, 380. Solnitz, 441. Stonington, 313, 382. Tippecanoe, 426, 465. Sangershausen, 288. Sooloo forts, 88. Stony Point, 213, 280. Tilemont, 103, 282, 400. Sangrado, original of,144. Soraida, 469. Stono-ferry, 241. Tlascala entered, 372. San Jacinto, 160. Sorel, 233, 438. Stowe, 113. Tobago, 216, 442. San Juan bombarded,275. South Carolina invaded, Strasburg 453. Tobasco, 101, 411. San Juan de Ulloa, 451. 77. Stratton, 181. Toledo defeened, 412. Santa Brigida, 403. South river Swedes, 349. Street's creek, 261. Tolosa, 229, 279. Santa Catalina, 105. Southwark,256. Strelitz, 418. Tomahawk and Bulwark, Santa Cruz, Teneriffe,290. Southwold bay, 208. Strouli, 240. 37. Santa Gertruyda, 464. Spain against England, Sturgis'scove, 231. Tombio, 200. Santa Martha, 327. 114. Subtle schooner sunk,453. Tom's river blockhouse, Santarem, 93. Spain and England, 70. Success frigate, 66. 116. Santa Rosa, 111. Spain against France,221. Sudbury attacked, 155. Topaz captured, 36. Santee, 411. Spain overrun, 397. Sugarloaf hill, 335. Torgau, 422. Sautissima Trinidad, 417. Spandau, 219, 411. Sullivan's island, 234, 251, Tortona, 358. Santos Lugares, 52. Spanish and Buenos Ay- 474. Tortosa surrendered, 11. Saracen defeat, 407. rean fleets,. 191. Sumana taken, 22 Toulon, 99, 209, 476, 477. Saragossa, 45, 77, 93, 306, Spanish colors, 105. Surajah Dowlah defeated, Toulouse, 143, 272. 312, 319, 486. Spanish fleet, 20, 29, 118, 245. Tournay, 187, 197,380, 427 Saranac, 356A 358. 136, 139, 209, 299, 397. Surcoign, 195. Townsend packet taken, Saratoga and Morgiana, Spanish galleon, 417. Surinam river, 99. 446. 376. Spanish launch, 259. Surinam ship, 463. Towton, 123. Saratoga, surrender, 362, Spanish ships, 388. Surinam, 170, 329. Trafalgar, 407. 402, 437. Spesutie, 170. Svartholm, 261. Trebia, 233, 237, 238, 240. Sarbruck, 438. Springfield, 40, 388. Swallow captured, 400. Trenton, 12, 84,484. Savage sloop captured,351 Springfield, N. J., 245. Swanzey, 246. Trespasser captured, 209. Savannah, 15, 200, 271, Spurs, 323. Swedes on Delaware, 349. Trevers, 167. 315, 364, 487. Squirrel and Pierre Jo. Swedish and Russian Trieste, 114. Saxa Rubra, 414. seph, 62. fleets, 217, 261. Trincomalee, 17, 337, 347. Saybrook, 139. Stamford bridge, 375. Switzerland invaded, 19, Trinidad, 74. Schaffhausen, 148. Stamford, 101. 200. Tripoli, 70, 226, 292, 304, Schaghticoke, 339. Standtz, 354. Syracuse, 311, 490. 309, 310, 333, 336, 341, Scheldt fleet, 307. Staroy-Borizoff 449. Syria, 87. 359. Schenectady, 59. Staten island, 272, 331, Tagliamento, 105. Tripolitan gun boats, 287. Schlaitz, 394. 344. Tagus blockaded, 445. Tristan d'Acunha, 53. Schoneberg and Hebe, 65. Steenkerken, 304. Taillebourg, 283. Trois Rivieres, 224. Schonvelt, 208. Stillwater, 368, 390. Talavera, 295, 296. Troy taken by Greeks, Schooners taken, 321. Stirling taken, 306. Tallegada, 428. 164, 227. Schoumla, 2'29. Stirling bridge, 371. Tamaraca, 24. Troyes, 41, 52, 93, 124. Schuylkill, 363 373. St. Albans, 71, 202. Tamarand and Defence, Trumbull frigate, 315. Schweidnitz, 5, 151, 383. St. Antonio, 127. 432. Tubberneering, 218. Schwindelezzi, 322. St. Antonio, 326. Tametivi, 74. Tudela, 446. Soorpion, 356. St. Anthony falls, 257. Tampa bay, 487. Tulliangus, 394. INDEX. 521 Tunis, 291. Vauchamp, 68. Vixen and Narcissus, 30. White Plains, 415, 416. Tunisian corsair, 208. Vendeans defeated, 167, Volage, la, 141. Whitsell's mill, 95. Turin, 352. 402. Volsci conquered, 236. Wiazma, 422. Turk and Russian ships, Vengeance privateer, 482. Waal crossed, 15, 24, 26. Wigoya, 280. 171, 199, 201, 262, 302, Venice invaded, 178, 189, Wachtendonk, 115. Willett defeated British, 334. 213, 239, 332. Wagram, 264. 411. Turk's island, 214. Venlo, 314, 411. Wahab's house, 370. William Henry capit, 312. Turkey invaded, 258. Venus captured, 293. Wakefield, 200, 490. Williamsburg, 260, 431. Turkheim, 16. Vera Cruz, 98, 301, 451,462 Wakefield green, 482. Williams's plantation,273 Turkish frigate, 266. Veraya, 395. Wales, descent on, 80. Williamstadt, 288, 362. Turner's falls, 196. Verneuil, 323. Wallah wallah, 454. Wilmington, 185, 359. Tuscarora village burnt, Verona, 119, 125, 182, 377. Wandewash, 35. Wilna, 316, 468. 477. Verplank's point, 216. Warburgh, 299. Winnebago Indians, 130. Tuspan, 104. Vessels captured, 80. Warsaw, 84, 154, 282, 353, Withlacooche, 491. Tyre taken, 328. Veteran, 324. 452, 454. Wittenberg, 186. Uleaborg, 215. Vicogne, 184. Wartenberg, 385. Worcester, 346, 373. Ulm, 399, 402. Vienna, 189, 275, 282, 359, Warwick and Rotterdam, Wurtzburg, 347. U. S. and British fleets, 360, 396, 401, 403, 409, 17. Wynnendale, 379..358. 415, 434. Warwick, R. I., 106. Xlmena, 367. U. S. and Gt. Britain, 238. Viga, 224. Washington burnt, 165, Ydria, 114. U. States ag. England, 114 Vigilant taken, 200. 335, 336. York, 40, 168, 185, 262,299, United Irishmen, 204, 205. Vigo, 396. Wasp and Atalanta, 371. 366. U. S. and Macedonia, 411. Villa Visciosa, 453. Wasp and Avon, 345. Yorktown, 393, 399, 401, U. S. and Algiers, 92. Ville de Milan, 81. Wasp and Frolic, 305,403. 402, 405. Unroomster, 43. Villalar, 160. Wateree, 322,326. Ypres, 117, 237. Utah Indians, 172. Villaret's plantation, 482. Waterloo, 238. Yucatan, 283. Utrecht, 29, 31, 248. Villers Coteret, 252. Waxhaws, 210. Yungay, 34. Valladolid, 218. Villingen, 136. Wayne defeated, 379. Zafra, 61. Valliant and Cannoniere, Vimiera, 330. Wayne surprised, 370. Zama, 404. 52. Vinegar hill, 243. Wazenau, 411. Zehuacingo, 345. Valencia, 21, 252. Vique, 88. Weissenburg, 363, 398. Zentha, 344. Valenciennes, 106, 281, 338 Virgin bay, 347. Wells, Me., 226. Zielime, 237. Valentia de Alcantara,337 Virginia colohy massacre, Westham, Va., 18. Zittau bombarded, 288. Valetta, 226, 349, 367, 411. 120. West Indies, 204. Znaim, 271. Valmy, 369. Vitry, 41, 52. Wexford massacre, 397. Zorndorf, 336. Valois seized, 322. Vittoria, 243. Weymouth, 83. Zullechan, 274. Varna, 429. Vixen captured, 445. Whitemarsh, 460. Zurich, 13, 376. GENERAL INDEX. Abbeys seized, 299. Almanacs, stationers co., 51; Wal- Arctic expedition, 188. Abbots of unreason, 9. lachian, 11. Arctic expedition, 2d American, Abolition riots in New York, 271. Almoravides dynasty, 251. 213. Aboukir bay, arrival of British, Alphonsine tables, 211. Arctic expedition in search of Dr. 96. Alps tunneled, 268. Kane, 213. Abyssinian phenomenon, 438. Alton Observer, 427. Argonaut expedition, 284. Acadie, 24, 356, 422, 428. Alum mines discovered, 438; in Ark, coveringremoved, 364; dove Acadians, 334. Ireland, 408. sent from, 295; entered, 412; Acapulco, earthquake, 461. Amalgamation, 162. grounded, 124; rested, 135; winAcrostats, French, 373. Amazon river explored, 187; ship dow opened, 285. Adultery, punishment for, 410. lost, 25. Arkansas admitted, 234; river, Acta Eruditorum, 129. Ambassador, first to U. S., 308; first steamer, 175. Actress, first, 464. rencontre, 381. Arian heresy, 226. Addison's library sold, 203. Ambrosian library, 371. Arica, earthquake at, 392. Advance and Rescue frozen in, 361 America, charter of discovery, 228; Arithmetical prodigy, 91. Adriatic launched, 140. early coasted, 267; first battle Armed neutrality, 67, 474. Adventure discovery ship, 276. ship, 424. Armenian era, 268. Adventurer, 426. American army destitute, 477, 482; Army pay of, 305. Afghanistan war closed, 384. disbanded, 403; force of,'25; Arquebusiers, 243. Africa, Park's expedition, 458. Bible society, 196; circumnavi- Arrow found in new forest, 362. African crusade, 429; farmer, 220. gation, first, 313; colors, 57; con- Artist's wages, 107. Agricultural fair at Paris 225. federation, 199; daughters of Ashmolean museum, 192. Aix la Chapelle relics, 28i. liberty, 231; emigration sanc- Assassination plot discovered, 67. Alabama admitted, 461; historical tioned, 152; expedition to Ja- Assignats issued, 447; issued in society, 268; tornado, 194. pan, 260; flag, 2.33; forces 1777, France, 107. Alancho, volcano at, 72. 416; loss by war ot revolution, Assize of Jerusalem, 421. Albany, atmospheric phenomena, 157; loyalists benefit, 224; min- Asteroid discovered, 138, 389; 39th 30; great fire, 325; canal cele- isters at Paris, 112; navy, 470; discovered, 60; 40th discovered, bration, 421; church, corner philosophical society, 205; ports 113. stone, 216; city incorporated, blockaded, 126; prisoners in Astor house riot, 187; library 287; comet, 465; congress, 232, England, 23; prisoners starved, opened, 22. 239, 260, 271; convention, 374; 314; seamen impressed, 479; Astronomy, history of, 22. Daily Advertiser, 228; emigra- vessels confiscated, 479; ship- Athenian democracy restored, 316. tion, 87; expedition to China, ping embargoed, 176; territory, Athens census, 45; revolution,363; 476; first daily paper, 376; first patent, 421; vessels seized at storm at, 413. newspaper, 422; first steamboat, Naples, 13; vessels excluded, Atlantic gale, 386; passage, speedy, 384; first theatre, 259; Hudson at, 284; vessels captured by Alge- 321; sailed, 169: steamer, first, 370; Indian alliance, 583; made rines, 86; voyages, octroy, 120; 202; steam boat sunk, 329; capital of N. Y., 98; recruits war, opponent, 258; Weekly steamer, first, 241. sent to, 67; and Schenectady Mercury, 480. Atmnospheric substance fell, 96. rail road, 360; sloop lost, 380; Americans sent home from Spain, Aubnrn prison opened, 345. wintered Br'addock's army, 392. 102. Augsburg confession, 113, 233; Albay, eruption, 49. Amsterdam bank, 55; sluices diet, decree, 440; rule of faith, Albion college burnt, 15. opened, 248; theatre burnt, 195. 192. Alcazaba destroyed, 26. Ammunition seized at Boston, 108 Augusta submerged, 208. Alchemy prohibited, 25. Anglo Norman steamer, 471. Aurora Borealis 45, 72, 80, 434, 439, Alcuin's Bible, 169. Angola slave contract, 356. 475; first in England, 94; ship Ale, remarkable drinker, 454. Angora goats introduced, 295. rescued, 53. Aleppo dest. by earthquake, 319. Annie Jane wrecked, 380. Australia colonized, 34. Alexandria canal, 14e, 360; hail Antarctic continent discovered, 33. Austria declared against England, storm, 222. Antelope wrecked, 314. 74; peace with France, 156. Algerine barque, 94; captives, 86, Antelope wrecked, 432. Austrian constitution, 94; empe254, 273; cruiser blown up, 215; Antigua slave insurrection, 111; ror assaulted, 74; Netherlands pink, 435. hurricane at, 331. ceded, 443; possessions annexed Algiers, dey of, 34; earthquake, Antioch degraded, 113; earth- to France, 380. 414; slavery abolished, 340; quake, 199; sedition, 85. Auto-da-fe, last, 429. great storm, 414; reduced, 205. Antiquaries, soc. Edinburgh, 476. iAva king's carriage, 356. -Alien bill, 15; and sedition law, Anti-rent outrages, 335. Avenches antiquities, 377. 276. Antiurn conference, 248. Bagnes overwhelmed. 235. Aliens required to report, 58. Apparel reformed, 182. Bahama isles discovered, 396. Allegany county erected, 139. Apprentices not to read Bible, 28. Balder's Dod, 106. Allgemeine Zeitung, 354. Apollo, Thraclan colossus, 489. Ball of fire fell, 116. Alliance, mutiny on, 125. Apulia earthquake in, 299, Ballad singers to be seized, 470, 524 INDEX. Balloon ascension, 21, 141, 219, 456 sions prohibited, 231; vulgate Brandon dest. by hurricane, 34. Balloon accident, 189; disaster, 36; adopted, 140. Brazil, arrival of Portuguese, 96; first English, 348, 363; military, Bibliotheca Hispana, 148. discovered, 162, 164; first rail 373; first ascent by Rozier, 400; Billerica, British punishment at, road, 173; independence, 397; journey, 427; new gas for, 432. 96. revolution, 138; royal immiBaltic canal, 191; fleet fitted out, Bills of credit, 244; in Maryland, gration, 453; separate kingdom, 134; rivers blockaded, 249. 293. 472. Baltimore, congress at, 469; mag- Biloxi, gale, 368. Bread, fine prohibited, 46; scarce azines seized, 165. Birch creek reservoir dest., 187. in Paris, 107. Bank failure in London, 235; first Birmingham riots, 276. Breadstuffs, dearth of, 278. at Albany, 281; first in America, Birth at advanced age, 185. Breast of female on thigh, 220. 19; first inConn.,233; of England, Bishop's Bible, 310; first, 316; Bremen barque Favorite sunk, 57; of England suspension 86; resumed seats 442. 170. of England vend lottery tickets, Blackfriars bridge, 418; church Bridge fell at Puerto Santo, 84. 151; of England charter, 294; fell, 67. Brissotine party accused, 215. af England begun, 304; of Eng- Black hole dungeon, 238; prince Bristol dis senters protected, 450; land resumed, 466; of North died, 223; sea, tempest, 434; sassafras at, 142; riot, 382, 416. America, 206; paper reduced, sea opened to Americans, 155; Britannia, quick trip, 321. 77; U. S. charter expired, 93; smith killed, 157; Warrior seiz- British authors petition for copy U. S. discounted, 478. ed, 88. right, 49; Bible society, 96; cut Banks suspended, 56, 187; in U. Blackwood's Magazine, 132, 462. canal in Egypt, 148; colonies, States, 356. Blood,circulation,221,406; hounds, peace commissioners, 181; enBanking law of New York, 156, 254. listments, 211; excluded PortuBans last published in Mass., 161. Blue Ridge, explosion, 20. gal, 406; fishing grounds, 263; Barbadoes conspiracy, 431; de- Bodleian library, 283,427. fleet reviewed, 163; in France stroyed, 316; hurricane, 84; Bohemian king died, 453, prisoners, 205; goods burned, slaves landed, 423. Boiling to death. 70. 413; goods excluded, 166; goods Barbers not to receive fees, 179. Bombs first used, 115. excluded Russian ports, 130; Barcelona artisans, 128. Bomb vessels first used, 414. intercourse interdicted, 258; Barebones parliament, 260, 469. Bona, explosion at, 45. merchandise burnt, 405; minisBarometer inventor, 400. Bonaparte dynasty, attempt to ter debarred, 427; minister, Baronets, order instituted, 201. subvert, 416 (see Napoleon), rupture with, 107; museum, 14, Barratarian pirates pardoned, 58. Bonapartes banlshed, 114. 21, 23, 135; national debt 17; Barrow's straits rediscovered, 305. Bonhill field surveyed, 488. national gallery 37; officers Barva island wreck, 380. Bonnet-carre crevasse, 488. confined, 55; order to capture Basket maker, feat of, 406. Book, first English, 368; first in vessels, 224; orders in council, Bastile, corner stone laid, 160 de- England, 474; of Sports burnt, 98, 431; parliament, first, 50, stroyed, 276; sold, 452. 180. 409; passed the Dardanelles, 76; Bassigni church fell, 362. Books burnt, 237; denounced by plot to massacre, 363; prince Batavian assembly installed, 92; pope, 115; immoral burnt, 207; regent, 58; prohibit French republic, 41, 193, 403. of prophecy destroyed, 98; to trade, 19; queen visited France, Bath, Eng., burnt, 250; military be burnt, 399. 327; slaves emancipated, 301; order of, 13; theatre burned, 199 Booksellers, 464; fined, 184. slave trade, 63; thanksgiving Bavaria, king of, 11. Boonsborough begun, 129. for peace, 266; vessels lost, 146. Bayonets first used, 374. Border feud, last between Eng. Broadswords prohibited, 290. Beaver grounds surrendered, 283. and Scot., 177. Brooklyn, first white child, 225; Beechey frozen in, 332. Bosia village sunk, 140. first daily, 91; street preaching Beethoven's statue, 90. Boston, cholera, 425; conflagra- riot, 21k. Beggars opera, proceeds, 477. tion, 271; conflagration, 298;;Broom at mast head, 453. Begging friars suppressed, 454. customs protected, 379; cus- Broomo county erected, 119; orBelgian congress dissolved, 153; toms enforced, 234; deaths, ganized, 190. king, 269. 490; declared war against Broussa, earthquake, 145. Belgium, independence, 387; king Dutch, 208; epidemic, 228; Brown university, 378. of, 52, 286. evacuated, 106; first church,338; Bruges canal sluices destroyed,198 Bell at Moscow raised, 306. first general court, 404; first Brunswick Wolfenbuttel plot,482 Bellemont arrived as gov., 130. minister, 310; first steamer Brussels insurrection, 336; palBenares, assassination at, 26. from Enlgland, 217; first thea- ace burnt, 40. Benedictine monk records, 312. ter, 324; Gazette, 479; harbor Bucharest, earthquake at, 40. Bengal revenues,318: newspaper, castle burnt, 112; houses used Buffalo canal celebration, 416; 34. for firewood, 471; invested,233; first daily paper, 11; first newsBeni Ummega, 381. mail, 466; martial law, 230; paper, 385; first steam boat, Bennington settled, 117. massacre,94; negro excitement, 420; gale, 404; and Niagara Bequest, singular, 54 364. 216; News Letter, 133, 154, 164; rail road, 338; riot, 275. Bergemoletto overwhelmed, 109. non-importation agreement,300; Bull against Luther, 466; feast at Bergen, fire at, 34. port closed, 12d; port closed, Rome, 346. Berlin academy of sciences, 11; 214; post to N. Y., 467; print- Bunkerhil' monument laid, 237. conspiracy, 124: decree, 444; ing office burnt, 365; public Burdets budget, 138. revolutionary, 433; tumult, 233. library, 366; records burnt,482; Burial in highway, 101; in the Bermuda, Indian college, 26. riot, 207, 226, 337; schooner sea, 199. Bermudas, English wrecked on, boarded, 267; settled, 230; Burlington, quaker meeting, 251, 202'. storm, 394; temperature, great. Burned, last person in Spain, 426. Berytus overthrown, 268. change, 290; training day, 352; Burning mirror, 142; for murder Bewitching, case of, 133. tumult, 438. in Ellg., 129; for poisoning, 316; Bible of Alcuin, 169, 456; distri- Bostonians surrendered arms, 168. spears, 45. buters in prison, 412; of Faust Botany bay abandoned, 58; pro- Burr's conspiracy, 42. and Schoifter, 135; first whole, duct, 348; theatre, 29. Cabal, Charles's, 144. 386, 387; for French clergy, 406; Bottle conjuror, 29; large glass, Cabo de Cruz, 197. Genevan, 141; permitted to be 23. Cade's rebellion. 175. read, 433; permitted in Eng- Bounty mutineers, 33, 170, 385, Cadiz ladies society, 403. land, 470; petition to read, 224; 416. Caesar's victories, games for, 285. prohibited, 28, 448; renounced Bourbon-les-bains, 362. Caithness, veteran, 49. at Edinburgh, 207; Scottish de- Bourbons restoration, 147. Calabria, earthquake, 55. cree, 406; society, origin of, 96; Boy bishop, 463. Calamaran, experiment, 364. societies prohibited, 253, 482; Braddock's army, remains, 391. Calamity, day of, 56. translation permitted, 87; ver- Brandenburg settlements, 43. Caledonian canal opened, 417. INDEX. 525 Calendar of Hesiod, 34. Chalchiucuechan, Cortez at, 159. Ci cilia of Miss Burney, 19. Calicut visited by De Gnma, 201. Chamouni burnt, 285. Cincinnati, first owner, 39; socieCalifornia admitted, 353; consti- Champlain canal, 154, 397 447. ty established, 190. tution, 343; gold, first, 465;/ Chancery court, N. Y., 346. Circumnavigation, first Am., 313. lower, expedition, 403. Chaplain abused, 319. Cisalpine republic, 218, 254. Callyhougham, 73. Chaplains first appointed, 256. City buried by lava, 475. Calpe, rock of, 172. Charged cloud, 316. City of Glasgow steamer, 90. Caloric ship Ericson, 24. Charity schools in England, 117. City of Philadelphia steamer, 366. Calton hill observatory, 287. Charles Bartlett sunk, 251. Coaches in London, 380. Calvin's books burnt, 67. Charles I delivered up by Scots, 4b; Coachman, lecturer, 88. Calvinists assaulted, 89; at Prague, equestrian statue, 45. Coal mine explosion, 193. 18S. Charles II, statue, 474. Cobbler whipped, 304. Cambray, league of, 466. Charles X, family banished, 114. Cockfighting prohibited, 126. Cameronians hanged, 40. Charleston earthquake, 20; hail Cocklane ghost, 95. Canada, commission to conquer, storm, 185. Cod, cape, discovered, 306. 24; dark day, 401; expedition Charlestown convent destroyed, Coffee field sunk, 153. against, 228; memorial to an- 316; first church, 338; first court, Coffins stolen, 376. nex, 395; Roman bishop sent 332; fire at, 169; powder seized Coinage permitted by abbots, 437. to, 300; union, 63 (see New 345; rebels expelled, 248; storm' Coins improved, 484. France). 354., Cold, 15 25, 26, 44, 52, 54, 69, 96, Canadian giant, 88. Charter oak blown down, 331. 194, 20, 470 474,475,480,490. Canal boat at New York, 423; Chartist riot, 423. Coliseum, bull feast, 346. Bridgewater, 112; celebration, Chautauque county erected, 99: Collection taken up for prisoners, 413; com. report, 93; in Eng. paper, 20. 23. land, 236; opened in England, Chelsea hospital, 11; hospital Collins line, first steamer, 169,215; 276; in France, 268; opened in founded, 100. steam boat burnt, 393. Wales, 66. Chelmsford church fell, 30. Collision at sea, 251. Canals of New York, 53. Chenango connty erected, 104. Colman's point, named, 350. Candia ruins sold, 316. Cherokee lands purchased, 103. Cologne, bishop excommunicated, Canicular cycle, i84. Chesapeake differences adjusted, 152; cathedral commenced, 320. Cannon, American, 198; used by 440; bank, 11. Colonies, union of, 212. Turks, 63. Chess player, 342. Colonization society, 487. Canterbury, first archbishop, 206. Chester, settlers at, 467. Colors, inability to distinguish, 295 Canterno lake disappeared, 290. Chesterfieldjail burnt, 124. Columbiacollege, 144, 333; county Cape Cod descried by Pilgrims, Chicago nullification, 408; riot, erected, 134; river discovered, 428; discovered, 192. 160. 318. Cape Francois massacre, 241. Child, first Eng. in America, 326; Columbian Centinel, 15; press, 338. Cape Good Hope doubled, 442. with two bodies, 154; with two Column inaugurated at Paris, 336. Cape Horn discovered, 46. heads, 449. Comedians, first in America, 349. Capetans restored, 15.3. Childermas prayers by little girls, Comedies, Scotch regulations, 95. Capetown, earthquake, 224. 486. Comet, 285; of 1764, 17; seen at Capital punishment abolished,306; Chili, civil war, 472. Albany, 465; in Britain, 469; in restored in France, 209. Chilian ship, first in the U. S., 161. China, 337; near to earth, 422; Capital at Washington laid, 367. Chimborazo ascended, 38. in England, 303, 482, 445; large, Captain Right, oath to obey, 46. China, earthquakes, 238; expedi- 62; in N. England, 52, 324, 438; Capuchins expelled, 449. tion, 476. telescopic, 93, 384; in U. S., 88; Carbonari revolution, 15. Chincha island difficulty 325. of 292 years, 310. Carguairazo volcano, 241. Chinese feast, 67; interdict, 465; Commerce of colonies restrained, Caribbean islands granted, 215. museum burnt 263; presbyte- 101. Carlton vault discovered, 347. rian church, 426. Common school law, 144. Caroline, steam boat, 489; burn- Chlorine invented, 13. Commons first represented, 33; ing of the, 42. Cholera, Asiatic, 480; first in early sessions, 121; resolution Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia,11. America, 224; in England, 413; against James, 475. Carriage, ava state, 356. at London, 65; in New York, Compasses deranged at sea, 183. Carterhaugh foot ball, 462. 251; at Paris, 119; at Rome, Complutensian polyglot, 113, 427. Carucueria island, 423. 336; at St. Petersburg, 249; at Communist counter revolution, Cassiopeia discovered, 431. Tampico, 378. 193. Castleton, Hudson at,'366. Cholula, Cortez at, 398. Comus, notes for, 407. Catacombs at Paris, 139. Christian empire overthrown, 137; Conception destroyed, 77. Catagogia festival, 36. era, 483; era restored in France, Concert greatest known, 206. Catania, earthquake, 53; olives 11; persecution, cause, 237,246; Concord sloop of war lost, 385. destroyed, 335. slavery abolished, 340. Concordat signed, 367. Catholic aggregate meeting, 328; Christiana, slave riot, 358. Conestogo, council at, 266. prayers for Geo. III, 478; pro. Christians privileged in Turkey, Confederation of U. States, 199. cession, 398; relief bill, 145. 236; massacred at Bona, 203. Confessio Amantis, 345. Catholics assault Calvanists, 89. Christmas congregations dispers- Confession of faith, 31. Cathay, expedition to, 29. ed, 483; first festival, 483. Confirmation, age changed, 156. Cattaraugus county erected, 99. Chronometer, 126. Congress adj. to Baltimore, 469; Catskill mountains discovered, Chronometers deranged at sea, 183 do. Lancaster, 367; broken up 363. Chrononhotonthologos, 386. by mutineers, 407; election of Caxton's first book, 126; printing Church, penalty for non attend- delegates forbidden, 14; first, adoffice burnt 58. ance, 28; plate coined, 92. journed, 412; first, 349; first of Cayroes, estoddfod of bards, 206. Churches to be closed, 457; for colonies, 390; first provincial,23; Cayuga bridge finished, 38; fire wood, 471. U. S. first, 93; library burnt, 473, county, 96; land sold, 85; and Claude Chappe telegraph, 273. 483; met under constitution, Seneca canal, 436. Clay, medal presented, 63. 129; proposed in R. I., 195; surCenis crossed, 252. Clergymen prosecuted, 61. rounded, 243; Washington's last Censorship, abolition of, 108. Cleopatra's coffin, 180. meeting, 464. Central American volcanoes, 56, Clergy debarred state affairs, 431; Conjunction moon & pleiades, 452. 72; steamer, 359. permitted to marry, 75; re- Connecticut births, 308; charter Ceres discovered, 11. nounced privileges, 199. granted, 162; patent, 109; river Ceylon insurrection, 324. Clermont steam boat, 384. flood, 175; river lands demandChain bridge, first, 283. Clinton county erected, 95. ed, 368. Chalcedon ceumenical council, Closter Seven convention, 353. Connoisseur, the, 46. 391. Clubs suppressed in France, 333. Conscription, 2d, 391. 67 526 INDEX. Consecrating Water, 30. Dbury, cold day, 25. Drury lane theatrte, 140; thbatre'Conspiracy at Jamaica, 49. Danes massacred in England, 433. burnt, 83; theatre riot, 94, 484. Constantinople burnt, 36; fire at, Danish bible, 267; revolution, 29. Dry dock at Brooklyn, 21. 11; fire at, 158, 243; founded, Danegelt imposed, 131. Dublin castle burnt, 139; under 376. Dantzic magazine explosion, 463. coercion act, 286; powder exConstitution, federal, 171; ratified Danube swollen, 91. plosion, 30. by congress, 276; sailed, 293; Dardanelles passed, 384. Duckworth, admiral, 57. U. S. adopted, 366. Dark day at Detrolt, 405; in New Dudley observatory, 340. Continental iorces, 416; money England, 198. Duel, first in New England, 238; called in, 108. Darkness in Canada, 401; Eng- Hyde Park, 436; at Paris, 45; Conventicle act passed, 194. land, 24. remarkable, 65 Wellington and Conventicles prohibited, 22. Dartmoor prisoners, 138. Winchelsea, 11. Convention, southern, 37. Daughters of Liberty, 231. Dueling discouraged. 97; proConvents suppressed in Sardinia,: Davenport hurricane, 283. claimed against, 319. 202; buppressed in Spain, 306. Dead sea first explored, 163. Dunkirk bought by French, 463; Convicts, colony of, 24 sent to Dean's half pence, 370. sold to English, 402. Australia, 34. t Death an eternal sleep, 401; pen- Dundalk charter, 92. Copenhagen, cholera, 342; library alty in Tascany, 430. Dunse convocation, 236. burnt, 377. Deaze & Simpson's expedition,365 Dutch admirals killed, 291; coloCopper mines of Anglesey, 90. Debtors discharged, 41. nies, 416; declaration of rights, Coppermine river reached, 365. Decameron, great prize for, 237. 46; emigrants to America, 226; Copy right, petition for, 49. Declaration of independence, 260; imposter, 82; language reinstatCordeliers executed, 117. committee, 228; read, 267. ed,413; requisition upon, 42; Cordyale printed by Caxton, 121.. Declaration of rights, Dutch, 46. sailors at Spitzbergen, 26; sailCorinth liberated, 316. Deerfield purchased, 82. ors winter in Greenland, 152. Corn bill riot, 95; exchange origi- Defender of faith, 390, 394. Dwarf in England, 478; remarknator, 234; lawful tender, 403; De Jure Regni apud Scotus econ. able, 350. law rhymer, 457. demned, 222. Eagle, large, 355.'Cornelia boarded at Havana, 375. Delaware adopted constitution, Ear, experiment on, 12. Corning burnt, 197. 459; adopted U. S. constitution, Earl of Averganny wrecked, 55; Cornwall granaries plundered, 401 463; charter, 414; conveyed to first English, 398. Corsica unitedto England, 2'24. Penn, 334; granted, 253; bay Earthquakes, Acapulco 461, AlCoromandel vessels lost, 146. discovered, 339;, andChesapeake giers 414, Antioch 199, Apulia Corsican constitution, 239!; par- canal, 403; county erected, 98; 299, Arica 392, Aveline 453, Balliament, 61. livercolony, 459. bee 448, Berytus 268, Broussa Cortez constitution, 110; mem- Delphi, sacrifice at, 129. 88,145, Cairo 215, Calabria 55, bers arrested, 305. Deluge began, 420, 428; ceased, 122, Callao 414, Cape Town Cortland county erected, 140. 468; began to'subside, 227; sub- 224, Carraccas 119, Catania 53, Cotton planters' convention, 261. sided, 429. Central America 56, Central Cotton planters' meeting, 415. Denmark, absolute, 284; acknow- America 153, Charleston 20, 474, Cottonian library burnt, 411. ledged U. S. independence, 84. Chili 77, Circleville 474, ConcepCoUncil of thirty, 160. Dephlogisticated air discovered, tion 77, Constantinople 412, Cu-:Counsel, first benefit of, 160. 301. mana 279, Cumana 407. Cumana Courland requisition, 376. Deseret constitution, 138. 472, Damascus 417, Eastern EuCourt heads shaved, 184; of min- Deserters in France pardoned,117. rope 40, England 137, England strels, 323. Des Jardins canal accident, 100. 434, Exeter, N. H. 445, Finana Covenanters executed, 463. Detroit burnt, 215; first steam 26, Gibel 194, Great Sanger 91, Covent Garden theatre burnt, 94. boat, 333; great fire at, 187. Guatemala 168, Guatemala 297, Coventry act, 479. Devil to be released, 391. Gulf stream 25, Hayti 183, HereCoverdale's Bible, 386, 387. Devils dispossessed, 231. fordshire 71, Jafi 45, Jeddo 432, Cowper's poems, 478. Dew, strange in Ireland. 130. Kingston 86, Laodiceal94, LataCracow Bible, 294. Dey Algiers assassinated, 468. ka 194, Lexington 88, Lisbon 419, Creation of the world, 344.. Diamond rock, wreck on, 25. London 59, London 96, Lima 225, Crescent frigate sent to Algiers,34. Diana steam boat, 273. Lima 406, Lima 414, Macon 111, Crevasse near NewOrleans, 488. Dickinson college, 30. Manchester, Ky. 86, Manilla 365, Cricklewood, ice at, 326. Dictionary, French, 366. Martinique 24, Massachusets100, Crimean war terminated, 169; Diet of Augsburg, 113. Munster 464, Murica 113, Natoconference, 155. Digests begun, 472. lia 259, New England 57, N.EngCrockards'forbidden, 484. Diocletian era, 340. land 214, New England 415, New Croton bridge, 205; celebration, Diplomatist, female, 202. England 439, NewYork 40, New 399. Discovery ship returned, 387. Zealand 39, Nova Castella 382, Crown point fort erected, 344. Dispute, catholic and protestant, Ohio 474, Oriano 453, Oriheula Crusade, marchof, 321 third,246. 310. 113, Pasto 37, Pekin 228, PennsylCrusades,'221; againstTunise,256; Dissenters, bill lost, 301; protect- vania 474, Peru59, Peru 450, Phiat Vezelai,'256; ended, 416; left ed, 450; received damages, 168. ladelphia 58, Phrygia 40, PittsFrance, 76.' District of Columbia, first corner burg 474, Point Peter 60, Poonah Crystal'palaee at New York open- stone, 151. 235, Popayan 37, Port au Prince'ed, 277; at Sydenham, 227. Doddington ship lost, 281. 217, Port royal 298, Praia'234,'Cuba coasted by Columbus, 197; Dog fast, 471. Quito 53, Quito 423, Reggio 80, discovered, 413; expedition de- Dominica discovered, 421. Roman world 285, St. Jago de nounced, 316; hurricane, 415; Doncaster church burnt, 88. Cuba 303, St. Jago de Cuba 450, insurrection,290; invaders cap- Donna Maria frigate explosion, St. Martia 439, St. Michaels 272, tured, 324; revolution attempt. 416. St. Michaels 316,'St. Nicholas ed, 198. Dorchester, England, burnt, 310. 290, St. Philip 119, San Salvador Cuban obsequies, 356. Doris frigate lost, 25. 153, Saphet 11, Savannah 474, Culloden, shlp lost, 38. Dort inundation, 154; synod dis- Scylla 55, Shiraz 186, Sienna 189, Cumana destroyed, 407; earth- solved, 174. Simoda 482, Smyrna 270, South quake, 279; earthquake, 472; Douglas castle burnt, 468.. America 392, South of Europe, falling stars, 432. Dover castle well, 376; quakers, 108, Souffriere 173, Spain 113, Curlew steamer lost, 108. 250. Syria 194, Syria 319, Syria 417, Cuttie stool thrown, 288. Drake and Hawkins sailed, 339. Teheran 272, Teneriffe 490, TerCuyahoga released, 362. Drana overwhelmed, 235. ceira 234, Tripoli 194, Tripoli Cybele, shrine of, 145. Dresden insurrection, 178. 448, Turkey 259, Venezuela 119, Cypress, code for, 421. Druidic saturnalia, 9. Vesuvius 231, Viege 290, YongCythian goths, 312. Drummond, Edward, 40. ning-tchin 238, Zante 417. INDItX. 527 527 East cape discovered, 322. volution, 459; robbers &o., 406; Fifth monarchy mep, 22. East Haddam, marriages 11. trade encouraged, 421; waste Finana, earthquake at, 26. Fast India company chartered, lands 298; weavers' riot, 203; Fire ball fell 261. 490; company revenues, 317; emigration checked, 78; expor- Fires:Abo3g3,Aikin,S.C.389,Albastock, 376. tations, 454; gazette, first, 426; ny 325, Albion col. 15, AmsterEast port conflagration, 265. in Paris, 175; parliament, first dam 195, Ashmole's library 40, Easter controversy, 397; festival regular, 435. Ashtabula 325,. Bath, Eng. 250, regulated, 274. Englishmen, paper, 389. Bath theatre 199, Bergen 34, Ebling's library, 186. EnPisheim meteor, 426. Boston 298, Boston 271, Boston Eclipse. annular, 366; effect upon Enterprise steam boat, 289. 384, Boston castle!12, Brooklyn animals, 268; in England, 111; Ephesus council, 243. 356, Broussa 145, Brussels 40, in France, 252; great solar, 65; Episcopal articles signed, 36; Canton 410, Caxton printing of Herodotus, 156; of moon, church, first in France, 163; lit- office 58,Chamousie 285,Charles108, 811; of moon at Babylon, urgy, 27; and Puritan cwnfer. town 169, Chesterfield jail 124, 279; in Palestine, 447; of sun, ence, 26. Cleveland 415, Concord, N. H. 129, 235, 243, 268, 276 303, 320, Epitaph on an actor, 107. 335, Constantinople 101, Con441, 447; foretold by Thales,381; Equestrian feat, 178. stantinople 11, 36, 37, 158, 323, in United States, 367. Era, Caesar's, 9; Christian, 483; Constantinople 243, 315, ConEcliptic, obliquity, 367. Dionysius, 248; Spanish, 9. stantinople 324, 341, ConstantiEcclesiastics incapacitated, 29. Ericson, experiment, 24. nople 377, Copenhagen 406, 412, Eddy stone lighthouse, 393; fell, Erie canal bill passed, 149; canal Corning 197, Detroit 187, Dor449. commenced, 261; endowed,154; chester 310, Eastport 265, FedeEdessa founded, 406. first boats, 392; first law, 140; ral street theatrqC 50, Georgia Edgar ship blown up, 393, 400. first toll, 257; opened 166, 410; steamer 44, Harnmbirg 179, Hong Edict of Nantes, 148. catholic church fell, 181; outn- Kong 485, Indiana college 145, Edinburg balloon ascent, 349; con- ty erected 131; lake, first ves- Lafarge hotel 21, Lexington asyvention, 441- covenant'against sel on, 310; rising in, 205; rail lum 71, Lexington steam boat Satan, 458;?oray, 447; plague road riot 31, 47; steam boat 26, Lincoln 197, Liverpool 373, at, 35; presbyterians, 75; Re- burnt, 313; first, 209; Pa., rail Liverpool 58, London 25, Lonview, 41 synod, 156; tolbooth road mob, 466. don bridge 144, London 346, burnt, 3o2; tumults, 479. Essex county erected, 89. Mayaguez 45,Memel 387, MetroEditors condemned to galleys,235. Esquimaux discovered, 313. politan hotel 21, Mobile, 2d fire Edward I, coffin opened, 12. Estates general of France, 388. 356, Montreal 166, Montreal 268, Effigies burnt in London, 438. Esthonians hung, 135. Naples palace 59, New London Eglintoun tournament, 340. Election for electors, 427. 351, New Orleans 54, New OrEgypt, British withdrew, 373; Etna, eruption, 120, 194, 204, 235, leans 112, New York 163, New canal cut by British, 148; pacha 335,484. York 1835 474, New York 370, deposed, 225. Ettrick foot ball match, 462. New York chapel 108,New York Egyptian canals cleaned, 179; cu- Etruia annexed to France, 467. horses 209, Ohio state house 49, riosities in Eng., 180; drowned, Euphrosyne asteroid discovered, Owego 378, Oxford'165, Pera 313, 187. 341. Philadelphia 263, Philadelphia Elbe blockaded, 194. Europa transport lost, 213. 388, Port au Prince 22, Quebec Elephant enraged, 220. European and North American 40, Quebec parliament house 49, Eleusinian mysteries, 321. rail road, 363; town, first in Rome 263. Royal Sovereign 42, Elizabeth, attempt to assassinate, America, 464. St. Bartholomew 91, San Frap90 island, 207; abandoned, 237. Evangelical term adopted, 254. cisco 482, St. Johns 231, St. Elizabeth's (queen) prayers, 222. Evening prayer in English, 152. Louis 196, St. Pauls, London 217, Eliz' schooner cast away, 23. Excise, London, 144. Salonica 141, Salonica 282, SoEmancipation m West India is. Excommunication threatened, 20; nora 237 Taiefa 284, Troy 336, lands, 301. English barons, 473. Varna 315, Washington 473, Embargo, British, 26; on British Experiment, sloop, 476. Worcester 231, York, Eng. 217. commerce, 481; by congress, Exploring expedition surprised, Fire damp explosion, 13; king, 119; in England, 53- expired, 295. 34. 258; law to enforce, 1; ninety Explosion of fireworks, 25; at Firemen killed, 163. days, 134; repealed, 150. Leyden, 25; 0. & Pa. R. R. bn- Fireworks, explosion, 25. Emigration to America, 78. gine, 362; powder magazine,45; Fish affected by heat, 274; huge, Emperor of France, attempt to powder, 30; Ravenswood, 44; 296. assassinate, 266. Steam, N. Y., 54. Fisheries disturbed, 290; forbidEmperors' conference on Niemen, Fair on river Thames, 54. den, 237. 248, 249. Falkland islands colonized, 37. Five mile act, 417. Empire State boiler exploded, 294. Fall from church spire, 453. Flag, continental, 459; of truce Ems blockaded, 249. Famine in Paris, 91; stopt hostil- violated, 46; of U. S., design, Encyclopedie contributors, 27. ities, 279. 233. England, great storm, 412, 443,449; Fanueil hall, troops in, 383. Flags denationalized, 98. king assumed France, 78; Farmer's Museum, 20. Flanders immersed, 378. marque and reprisal against,114- Farthing tokens issued, 198. Fleet, first American, 459. monarchy restored, 174; and Fast for book Jeremiah, 425; day Flemish-Dutch restored, 363. Scotland united, 28, 174, 287; re- repudiated, 405; of the Jews, Fletcher, Gov., superseded, 130. volution in, 66; surrendered to 65; national, 25; for Scotland, Flogging abolished, 10. pope, 192. 3. Flood began, 428; in North of English authority abolished, 180; Fathers, last of the, 328. England, 89. barons checked, 208; bishops Fatimites in Africa, 298 Florence, insurrection, 61. abolished, 393; book, first, 368; Fearn church fell, 394. Florida abandoned, 335; admitchurches interdicted, 114; cir- Feast of fools, 99. ted, 92; arrival at, 260; ceded cumnavigation, 286; coast storm Federal st. theatre, 53; burnt, 50. to U. S., 76; conquest under461; colony, first charter, 2'28; Felons sent to America, 377; sent taken, 188; de Soto landed, 211; commonwealth, 200; council of to Virginia, 417. discovered, 111, 130; expedistate, 419; crown lost. 414; ex. Female dancers introduced, 193; tion, 356; invaded, 196; settlechequer shut up, 460; guard, member Hist. Soec., 51; Qu'x- ments destroyed, 177; town260; liberties,charter, 63; meals otte, 15. ships, 444. enjoined, 118; merchants peace Fernandino, now Largo, 402. Flushing, first newspaper, 110. address, 122' Mercurie, 288; Festival of fools, 9. Fog in London, 10, 460. newspaper, Arst weekly, 332; Feudal right abolished, 241. Fontaine Moliere erected, 28. nobles murdered, 174; parlia- Field of cloth of gold, 221; of Foreigners enlisted in England, ment, sunday session, 311; re- Mars amphitheatre, 276. 481. 528 INDEX. Forgery, hanging for 218. Gale, 41; at Albany, 108. Greece, first king, 46; govern. Formosa inundated, 202. Gallinas, slave factory, 196. ment changed, 469; king, 440; Fort Bizoton blown up. 251. Galongoon eruption, 392. national assembly, 477; throne Fort Dauphin massacre, 266. Galvanism, 55. declined, 201. Fort George erected, 242. Gaming, English ladies fined, 99. Grecian mysteries, 321. Fort Mandan, Clark at, 443. Ganges canal, 141; first steam Greek brotherhood, 374; church Forth and Clyde canal, 296. boat, 273; storm, 396. protectorate demanded, 181; Fortune amassed by agriculture, Garachico destroyed, 180. and Latin churches unite, 220; 54. Garter, order instituted. 162. states recognized, 286; church France bankrupt, 336; conquest Gas light in Philadelphia, 449. ceremony, 30; & Latin churches of, 49; an empire, 180; and Gasper burnt, 226. united, 26. England declare war, 197; hos. Gaza, Bonaparte at, 88. Gregano, land slide, 80. tilities ceased, 134; invaded by Gazelle, explosion of, 141. Gregorian calendar adopted in allies, 11, 197; national mourn- Gebel at Tarik, 287. England, 117; style at Paris, ing, 35; new constitution, 424; Gelalean era, 103. 473; in Spain, 387. re-established religion, 69; General Pike, steamer, 155. Greene county erected, 117. trade restricted, 19, 100, 431; Genesee country immigrants, 88; Greene's army destitute,471. war against by Turkey, 358. route, 218. Greenland adventures, 205; Dutch Franciscans, founder of, 386. Geneva stage, 382; revolt, 284; sailors perish, 152. Frankfort insurrection, 365. conspiracy at, 12; revolutionary Grenadiers introduced, 253. Franklin county erected, 99;* tribunal, 285. Greenwich observatory, 314. * steamer lost, 282. Genoa united to France, 218. Greytown elects governor, 352. Freedom and equality, 52. Gentleman's Magazine, 10, 22. Griffin, keel laid, 40. Freeholder of Addison, 481. Gentle shepherd of Ramsay, 19. Griffith steamer, 237. Freemasons, edict against, 26, 30; Georgia adopted new government, Grignoncourt hail storm, 251. prohibited, 311, 376. 55; charter surrendered, 241; Grimshaw burnt, 433. Free trade and sailors rights, 258. ratified constitution, 12; volca. Grinnell's ships left New York, Freiburg insurrection, 162. no, 405. 203. French abolished in Netherlands, George III, statue in New York Grosvenor square house, 226. 272 ambassadors assassinated, 330. Guadaloupe, 423. 170; and American flags, 322; Georgium sidus, 336. Guam, tornado, 373. armament for Egypt, 198; army German bond of union, 375; ju. Guanahani discovered, 397. destitute, 194; assembly dis. billee, 309; provinces republi. Guano difficulty, 404. solved, 380. 412, 458; cabinet canized, 385. Guardian appeared, 90. resigned, 418; calendar, 368, 449; Germanic union, 289. Guatemala earthquake, 168, 297. coin in Dorchester, 298; con- Germany, first rail road, 464. Gulf coast, gale, 368. quests validated by the pope, Gerard, E. M., 155. Gulf island arose, 330. 291; constitution, 138;. consti- Ghent, meeting at, 311. Guiana settled, 201. tution, 332; eonstitution, new, Giant, 456, 366, 398, 429; skeleton, Guienne incorporated, 404. 347; crown renounced, 184; de- 125, 264, Guildhall, king's statue, 182. claration, rights of man, 246; Giantess of Kentucky, 299. Guillotine adopted, 111; erected, Dictionary, 366; directory, di- Gibbets cut down, 132. 281; used at Paris, 160; 71 per. vision in, 348, 413; empire, res- Gibraltar ceded to England, 90; sons executed, 269. toration, 406; emperor visited derivation, 172; relieved, 35. Guisnes, royal interview, 217; English queen, 167; festival to Gibel destroyed, 194. tournament at, 228. God, 224; flag presented to con. Gin, selling without license, 99. Gun, great, 318. gress, 15; fleet dispersed, 318; Girard college opened, 11. Guntoor, mission at, 399. fleet sailed for Turkish waters, Girondists sentenced, 417; exe- Gunpowder first used, 121; plot, 111; imperial guard, 488; king, cuted, 418. 45, 46, 424. insult to, 280; king led in tri- Gladiators sent to mines, 383. Guttenberg statue inaugurated, umph, 368; massacred by ne- Glasgow malt tumult, 247. 321. groes, 266; massacred in Sicily, Glass engraving, 197; painting on, Guy park council, 205. 124; ministers tried, 479; min- 9. Gypsies expelled England, 461. isters returned, 279; national Glencoe massacre, 46. Haarlem, anniversary, 269. assembly opened, 181; national Glutton buried in highway, 101. Habeas corpus act, 207; suspendconfederation, 276; ordered from Gluttony, case of, 105. ed, 21, 55, 105, Hayti, 236; peace rejected, 465; God abolished in France, 183; de. Hadley falls dam, 440. provinces in America, 390; re. cree against, 127. Hague, civic festival, 92. fugees in England, 364; repub- God save the king, 265. Hague street explosion, 54. lie acknowledged, 41; republic Godstow nunnery prohibited, Hail Columbia, author, 28. acknowledged, 206; republic de- 486. Hail storm in France, 251, 275. clared, 370; republican era, 372; Gold, potable, 206. Halr.powder tax, 180. republican era abolished, 11; Golden numbers, 189. Hair, long, discountenanced, 186. returned from Palestine, 164; GoodHope surrendered, 22. Halifax anniversary, 234; colorevolution began, 180; revolu- Gorboduc, tragedy of, 31. nists, 234. tion, second, 295; royal family Goshen, first newspaper, 321. Half Moon lost, 176; at Chesasaved, 389; servants dismissed, Gottingen, university opened, 368. peake bay, 326; at Dartmouth, 256; states general met, 175; Government loan, 242. 426. throne vacant, 310; treaty an- Governor, absents himself, 399. Halve Moan, yacht, 141; returnnulled, 266; troops at Boston, Grain exported, 270; export pro. ed, 278; wrecked, 94. 223; victories, 52; vote empire, hibited, 232. Half pence sent to Ireland, 343. 445. Grande armee column, 336. Halsewell wrecked, 18. Freshet in Hudson, 19; at Vienna, Grants in New Yorkl vacated, 249. Hamburg annexed to France, 11; 91. Grave digger at Paris, 139; stone, fire at, 179; submerged, 208. Friend's Review, 277. ancient, 137. Hamilton county erected, 147. Frobisher's strait, 315. Great Britain, invasion threaten- Hampton conference, 26. Frost in England, 465, 480; after ed, 57; and Ireland united, 11, Hangman, hereditary, 241. great heat, 280; at Paris, 96. 258; steamer lost, 408; union Hannah, brig, discharged, 388. Fugitive claimed by British, 294; against, 235; union opposed, Hannibal, slave ship, 423. slave bill, 359. 479; war with Russia, 412. Hanover, constitution annulled, Fulton steam frigate, 218, 416. Great Malvern volcano, 399. 200; electorate, 353. Funchal deluged, 393; swept Great Republic burnt, 486. Hanseatic conscription, 378. away, 410. Great Republic clipper, 387. Hanslope church fell, 247. Funeral, large, 33. Great Tom bell, 459. Hapsburg, house of, 337. Gabelle tax abolished, 187. Great Western steamer, 163, 213. Harantoreen lake sunk, 117. INDEX. 529 Harbor creek mob, 466. Huddersfield, Roman remains, 94. Irish agitation checked, 399; comrn. Harlem rail road, 413. Hudson, first newspaper in, 139. mission to convent, 106; disHartford armed against Indians, Hudson river discovered, 117; turbances, 466; friars suppress174; bank, 233; convention,473; grant of, 100; rail road, 384, 393, ed, 454; giant, 190, 214; homage Dutch claims on, 368; settlers, 491. to John, 220; levelers suppress400; Times, 213. Hudson's crew rescued, 344. ed, 168; papist, no quarters for, Harvard college founded, 353; first Huguenots renegade, 474. 410; pestilence, 186; rebellion commencement, 393; bequest, Humboldt steamer lost, 462. began, 75, 125, 203, 372, 409, 249. Humiliation for war, 167. woolens exported, 27. Hazel trees imbedded, 77. Hungarian dietdissolved,386; re-Iron bridge, Sunderland, 374; Havana flood, 243; hurricane,388, fugees, 364. crown, order of, 218; mask 441. 396, 415; insurrection, 111; Hungary dec. independence, 457. Iroquois armed with guns,104; alcholera, 86. Huns entered Gaul, 489. lies, 374. Hayti became an empire, 335; Huricane East Indies, 10; in Eng- Isabella founded, 464; island discivil war, 413; declared its in- land, 82, 440; at Liverpool, 19; covered, 404. dependence, 11; di scovered, 461; at Norfolk, 97; in Ohio, 34. Island emerged from sea, 219. divided, 28; earthquake, 183; Hydrogen gas for balloons, 432. Isle of France, position, 157; of insurgents, 113; monarchy es- Icarians, founder, 429. Man Gazette, 108; of Sable colotablished, 122; nobility created, Ice broke up at Paris, 154; in Long nized, 24. 136; revolt, 233. Island sound, 81; singular dis- Isondein deputation, 443. Heart disinterred, 41. covery of, 325. Israelites in wilderness, 150. Heat, extraordinary, 316. Ice islands, 480. Italian merchants in France, 174; Hearne's journal, 334. Iceland hurricane, 484. refugees relieved, 342. Hearthstone tax, 89. Icelandic library burnt, 377. Italy popular movements, 437; Hebrew, first teacher at Harvard, Idler appeared, 135. war renewed, 486. 165; temple, 353. Illinois admitted, 459; tornado, Jackson, attempts to assassinate, Hebrews disfranchised, 313, 373. 194. 45. Hecla eruption, 152. Images pulled down, 193. Jackson's sword, 86; victory, 38. Hegira, 371; era of; 279. Immaculate conception dogma, Jacobin hall closed, 430; power Heiress stealing, 465. 465. crushed, 187; society attacked, Hellespont crossed, 262. Immigration, great, 261, 266. 428. Hellfire clubs, 169. Impressment, American orders, Jacob's twelve sons, 164. Hellgate, explosion at, 119. 488; of seamen, 244. Jaffa, earthquake, 45. Heiress seized, 434. Imprisonment for debt, 96, 167, Jail liberties in New York, 125. Henry Clay steam boat burnt, 297. 313, 384, 445. Jamaica abol. slavery, 467; conHenry VIII, head shaved, 184- Income tax, 460. spiracy, 49; discovered, 175; Herculaneum buried, 419. Indemnity act, 340. earthquake, 222; hurricane, 384, Heresies of Luther censured, 150. Independence declared, 258; U. S. 406, 408; slave import, 448; neHeresy, burning for, 169; execu- acknowledged, 34; steamer gro insurrection, 205, 393, 487, tion for, 210. wrecked, 71. 498. Heretics burnt at Paris, 187. Indian beaver grounds, 283; chiefs James's fever powders, 114. Herkimer county erected, 70. before the queen, 156; chiefs in Jamestown colony reinforced, 186; Hermit of New Jersey, 33; of London, 156; chief, wealthy, 203; Va., settled, 190. Niagara, 227. 320; college at Bermuda, 26; Janizaries abolished, 234. Hernhutters, founder of, 185. country released, 362; expedi- Jansenists, founder, 184. Herschel discovered 101. tion, 266 hostilities ceased,467; Japan, Am. expedition at, 268 Hesiod's calendar, 54, 56. league at Albany, 383 mass expedition at Loo Choo, 260; Hessian soldiers paid for, 444. cre, 151; massacre Patavonia, 83; Americans landed at, 277. Hetairea defeated, 240; extirpat- pipes, 306; sachems submitted, Java tempest, 316. ed, 374. 360; services engaged, 205; war Jefferson county erected, 122. Herfordshire earthquake, 71. of extermination, 283. Jeremiah, book of, 425. Hibernia launched, 438. Indians surprised, 76; taken into Jersey immigrants, 323; proprieHighlanders at Johnstown, 33. service, 268. tors surrendered, 151. High water, 41. Indiana admitted, 468; first eleq- Jerusalem destroyed, 352; emHindoo widow married, 427. tion, 308; university burnt, 145. bankments buried, 209; English Hindostan conquered by Tartars, Indifferents, order of, 209. cathedral, 44; fast for, 224; 159; East Indiaman lost, 23. Indulgence act, 104. massacre at, 152; rebuilt, 205; Hispaniola discovered, 461. Indulgences, 18. resurrection church, 360; riots, History of Scotland condemned, Industrial Luminary, 150. 275; siege by Caxton, 442; taken, 222. Infant schools prohibited, 315. 353; walls dedicated, 309; spoils Hoboken duel, 271. Infidel world divided 177. removed, 252. Hobson's choice, 10. Infernal machine, 395. Jesuit's bark introduced, 329; Holidays, insurrection, 141. Inland navigation, 150. confirmed, 377; confiscated, 306; Holland abolished French, 11; Inoculation experiment, 107; op- expelled, 459- expelled Russia, ack. independence U. S., 157; posed, 151; prohibited, 311. 117; expelled from Spain, 126; annexed, 269; assembly met, 41; Inquisition abolished, 52, 279, 461; extinguished, 286; insurrection, incorporated with France, 271; founder, 37; reestablished, 286; i162; plan of, 32; reinstated, 12. religious liberty law, 354; sub- of Spain, 426. Jesult Relacions, 60; society merged, 248;'trade restricted, Insurrection at Milan, 58. founded, 488. 431; and Zealand united, 165. Intelligence, speedy transmission, Jesus college, founder, 383. Holy alliance, Netherlands, 243. 235. Jesus's bell broken up, 293. Holy cross college burnt, 277. Interludes by parish clerks, 282. Jewish ambassadors, 56; capitaHoly league, 228. Interment, singular, 54. tion tax, 203; sanhedrim, 212. Homceopathic college mobbed, 71. Internal improvements, N. Y., 152, Jews, amelioration of, 147; ban. Honey dew, 269. 154. ished England, 419; banished Hong Kong ceded to British, 341. Inventors convention, 331. Spain, 90; civil disabilities, 136; Horned woman, 139. Inverary, flood at, 352. disability bill, 194 exiled from Horseracing, act against, 171. Ionian isles submitted to Great England, 343; league with Horticulture, new system, 57. Britain, 459; republic, 112. Rome, 470; massacred, 152; Hospital of congress, 294. Ipecacuanha, 10. privileged, 43; to wear badges, Hostilities ceased at New Orleans, Irawaddy tornado, 163. 389; of York massacred, 104. 102; ceased U. S. and G. Britain, Ireland, invasion frustrated, 476; John Rutledge sunk, 76. 53, 157. outbreak, 297; prices of provi. Johnstown, council at, 97. Howard college burnt 398. sions, 372; settlement of, 317. John Jay steam boat burnt, 295. Houghton pictures sold, 37.9 Iris, 15, 30. Jokmali eruption, 451. 530 INDEX. Jonesville mob, 274. Levee disrupted, 277.' Dawson 452, Dean 429 Demo. Jorullo, volcano, 380. Levee en masse, 3'2. critus 312, De Solis 6,I Dinah Journgl des Savans, 21L Lcverian museum sold, 283. 163, Doda 280, Drakenberg 247, Juan Fernandez, 48. Lewis county erected, 120. Drinker, Ed., 438, Ellis 216,FerJulian the apostate burnt, 442. Lewis's river discovered, 318. guson 309, Fletcher 51, Forthen Junction canal, 441. Lewistown, demand upon, 105. 62, Gaunnor 364, Gilbert 76, Juno discovered, 342, 345. Lexington, cholera at, 215; lunatic Gough 405, Grindell 244, Hatch. Jupiter, 4th satellite discovered, asylum, 71; steam boat burnt, cock 149, Henry, African; 410, 25; statue in temple,472; tem- 26. Hippocrates 312, Holyoke 127, ple overthrown, 413. Leyden, explosion, 25. Howard 420, Hunt 100, James Jury broke out, 392. Libel on England, 207; execution 277, Jamison 38,Jenkins 15, John Justinian's institutes, 443. for, 180; punished, 22. 141, Johnson 100, Laughlin 292, Kansas, cold, 52; emigrants, 282; Liberia colonized, 20; first elec Leonard 40, Leecure 9'2, Letts free state legislature, 261 leg- tion, 389; Herald, 71. 387, Lusk 224, McDonald 329, islature, 93; organized, 259; re- Liberty of conscience recognized, 348, McDonald 39, McGwinn 49, moval of Reeder, 299; sheriff 414; tree consecrated, 320. Martin 68, Michofsky 152, Moor shot, 165. Library bequeathed, 55; burnt, 40; 325, Moore 49, Moore 152, MosKate Kearney explosion, 71. finest private, 430; public in N. sequin 131, Mourtrie 11, MurKatlagia phenomenon, 402, York, 161 N. Y. state, 160. phy 193, Murray 273, Negro Kedging, 273. License of pays, 432. woman 283, Parr, Robert, 370, Kelwinning steeple fell, 303. Lidden skeletons, 297. Pair, Thomas, 424, Pearce 86, Kennet and Avon canal, 266. Lievely, arctic discoveries at, 36!. Petrarch 16, Pompey 296, RaduKentucky admitted, 215; emia Lightning conductor, first 440. ly 31, Ramsay 204, Reilay, John, grants, 192; first legislature, Lima destroyed, 406; earthquake, 155, Robin 321, Rouen 335, Rush 218; giant, 255; giantess, 299; 225; founded, 31. C. 116, Ryalls 359, Sheppard 14, independent state, 463. Lincoln burnt, 197; church bell, Sinnett 19, Spencer 398, Sprouse, Kerry insurrection, 46. 459; parliament, 444. Mary 183, Stone 408, Surrington King abolished in England, 57; of Linlithgow charter, 409. 393, Sutherland 143, Taveira 43, England attacked,48; profusion, Lion, old, died, 429. Thomas 144, Thompson 288, 87; John's castle, 42; Philip's Lisbon auto-da-fe,369; plotagainst Thrower 124, Torrey 29, Valnier war, 246. British 363. 136, Wallace 37, Wingate 20, King's bench prison plot, 233; Litchfieldanniversary, 320. Winslow 329, Whitcomb 127, book creed, 172; evil, 16; touch. Lit dejustice, last, 308. Wright 29. ing for, 264; guard the militia, Lithy, ball of fire fell, 116. Long Island, grant of, 100; sound 59; person clause,.116 statue Little Falls excavation, 284. frozen, 52. in Guild hall, 182. Liturgy, conference on,. 117; of Longitude, chronometer to disKingston, Jamaicaearthquake,298 England church, 27. cover, 126; expedition 243; Kingston, N. Y., founded, 212. Liverpool Athenaium, 10; fete to mode of ascertaining, lit. Kircudbright charter, 412. American envoy, 15; Times, 208. Long parliament, 78; closed, 142; Kirk of Scotland assembly, 218. Living skeleton, 365. dissolved, 105. Kirkaldy, accident at, 19. Livingston county erected, 81. Longueville treaty, 61. inights of Malta, 9. Loa, eruption at Mt., 73. Lookout mountain, volcano, 405. Knights of St. John, 92. Loan and premium, 242. Lopez expeditionists returned, Knights templars, 447; suppress. Loans to foreigners forbidden 116. 102. ed, 113; arrested, 397. Lobos island difficulty, 404, 436- Lords, house of, 468. Know nothing convention, 220. London, apprentices riot, 174; and Lords of misrule, 9. Know somethings, 232. Birmingham railway, 365; bread Lorrain duchy, 82. Kohinoor diamond, 299. riot, 416; bridge burnt, 144, 269; Lotia inundated, 173. Kozta aftair, 341. bridge carried away. 65; conflict Lottery for college, 408, 415; first Kyanized wood, inventor, 20. on, 416; bridge finished, 299; English, 23; English, closed, Labrador gale, 257. coffee houses reopened, 447; cold 181; first by congress, 439; last Lacteals discovered, 288. at, 490; conduit ran wine, 210; in London, 404; schooner, 98; Ladies fined for gaming, 99. Courier fined, 212; criminal res. for Sloane's library, 135; tickets Ladrones discovered, 34, 94. cue,327; daily mail, 247; in dark- eagerness for, 151. Lady of Loretto, 62. ness, 22; deaths, 345; earth- Lovers killed by lightning, 299. Lcetitia asteroid, 113. quake, 59; fire, 346; fog, 11, 452; Louis Napoleon visited Victoria, Lafarge hotel burnt, 21. foreigners in, 476; Gazette, 52; 167. Lake Borgne, gale, 368. illuminated, 98, 147, 154; insur- Louisiana became a state, 140 Lake Champlain seignories, 158; rection, 141; interdicted, 473; constitution revised, 263; prosteam boat, 252. mayor of, 12 - mortality, 469; test renounced, 63; steam boat Lake Erie tempest, 432. plague, 214, 368; plague bill, 298; burnt, 436. Lakes, first steam boat, 420. plot to blow up prison, 233; Louisville excitement, 172.; riot, Lake George embarkation, 262. portcullis destroyed, 60; post 309; tornado, 339. Lake sunk, 117. office, 23; powder explosion, 14; Lounger appeared, 392. Lampreys, surfeit, 456. printers, 396; prisonsburntj 222; Lucy Walker steam boilers burst, Lancaster jail broken, 485. protestant meeting, 210; riots, 409. Land slide, 273. 70, 179, 210, 216,;21, 222; roads Luddites hanged, 154. Langue d'Oc poets, 177. protected, 405; royal exchange, Luther's books prohibited, 281. Lapeer county tornado, 193. 379; scourge, 326i; stationers, Lutheran missionary, first, 399; Large family premium, 24. charter, 180; Sunday riot, 257,; Palatines, 232; system rejected, Largo, island, 402. Times by steam, 454; tower 140. Last island destroyed, 315. burnt, 406; zoological society, Luxor obelisk at Paris, 411. Lataka destroyed, 194. 121. Lunar cycle of Meton, 189; rainLatins expelled from Constantino- Longevity, African farmer 220, bow, 30; volcanoes, 157. ple, 291. Anthony 34, Bacchus 167, Bar- Lytord, giant, 98. Lauwertz lake filled, 346. ney 29, Beauguard 234, Binck. Lyons decree, 459; mine exploLead pipe dug up in London, 188. ley 88, Birdseye 43, Blowers 411, sion, 13; riots, 444. League and covenant burned, 201. Bluydenburge 45, Bogard 233, Lysippus's Hercules, 145. Leeds bridge school, 260. Bowels 322, Bowles 424, Braith- Machinery, labor-saving, destroyLeek for queen Mary, 89. waite 480, Biown 366, Burgeoise ed, 154. Legacies to religious purposes,410. 69, Butler 33, Byles 46, Cam 43, Mackenzie river traced, 324. Leghorn insurrection, 350; mer- Carvallo 47, Cary 216, Cervette Macon earthquake, 111; planters' chants invited, 226. 26, Clum 38, Cobb 465, Cole 263, meeting, 415. Leonard, Abigail, 40. Cowley 60, Crauford 161, Craw- Mad parliament, 227. Levant patent surrendered, 219. ford 7, Cuffee 13, Dammo 76, Madagascar discovered, 313. INDEX. 531 Madeira deluge, 393; disoovered, Mechanique celeste, 105. Montague ship, meteor, 423. 257; great storm, 410. Meeting house fell, 210. Montevideo, revolution, 449. Madison county, erected, 113; isl- Melville island 305. Montgolfier, balloon, 444. and, 441. Men, birth of, 34. Montgomery county erected, 100. Madras hurricane, 384. Menai bridge, 45. Montpelier, booth fell, 299. Madrid insurrection, 176, 183, 280, Merchant Royal wrecked, 372. Montreal conflagration, 268; par282, 284; new palace, 418. Meredith, accident at, 10'2. liament houses burnt, 160; reMagellan straits, 82. Merino sheep introduced, 295. bellion, 423; riot, 225,323. Magna charta signed, 252. Merrimac river canal, 150. Moon of Intelligence, 34. Magnetic clock discovered, 17. Mesilla valley, 138. Moore's Almanac, 41. Mahmudie canal, 360. Message, speedy transmission,466. Moralities sanctioned, 460. Mail Boston to N. Y., 467; daily Metamoras hurricane, 348. Morning Post, 49. in London, 247; searched at Ha- Meteor at Amherst, 319; at Can. Morocco, letter to emperor, 467. vana, 373; speedy transmiasion, terbury, 476; at Connecticut, Mormon temple burnt, 406. 466. 472; in England, 109; in Italy, Morristown, American army at, Maine became a state, 104; boun- 112; at Leipsic, 201; at Lille. 18. dary settled, 313; settlements bone, 482; struck ship, 423; at Mortality in London, 368. encouraged, 88; tornado, 328. Stoke, 423 in Thuringia, 424: Mosaic pavement at Avenohs, Majorca insurrection, 109. fell in Verde, 459. 377. Malayan dictionary, 389. Meteoric phenomena, 434; shower, Moscow abandoned, 404; church Malta conspiracy, 221,249; grant. 46, 159, 193, 350; in Cumana, erected, 18; cold Jay, 24 ed to knights, 92; regenerate 432; in Ireland, 110, 436- at founded, 172; people returneA 240. Nauneburg, 126; at Rockiau- to, 408; printing at, 89; riot, Mamelukes crushed, 148. sen, 262; stones, 45, 418, 450, 231. Mammoth skeleton found, 175. 455. Moselle steam boat explosion,166. ManchesterGazette, 315; riot, 393. Methodism, expulsion for, 100. Moses fountains visited, 400. Manhattan tirst emigrants, 22,. Methodists proscribed, 150; sup- Monument to French soldiers,468. man, isle of, 385. port established church, 2. Moulton destroyed, 332. Manifesto against U. S., 21. Metropolitan hall burnt, 21. Mt. Auburn dedicated, 374. Manoa del Dorado, 113. Meux vats burst, 363. Mt. Cenis scaled, 200. Manors created, 155. Mexican boundary, 395; congress Mt. Etna convulsed, 245; eruption, Manteno hurricane, 246. dissolved, 417; era, 85; massa- 99, 165, 187; volcano, 440. Mantua, fete of Virgil, 400; wed- cre, 189; mint, coinage of. 490; Mt. St. Bernard passed, 200. ding accident at, 217. presidents, 58; revolt, 242; re- Mt. Voisin meteor, 450. Man of war, largest 438. volution, 17, 390, 461; wheels Mountain party, fall of, 389; reMarietta settled, 139. sent toSpain, 279. moved, 122. Marines established, 383. Mexico, cholera, 358; expedition Mummy at Auvergne, 53. Maritime conscription, 378. against, 342; independence, 434' Munchausen's travels, 10 Marriage, accident at, 160; act of ships launched, 169; voted Murderer hung by mob, 74. England, 367; law decision, 226. Santa Anna, 460. Musical festival to Handel, 206; Marriages, auspicious day, 54; at Michigan admitted, 241. small coal man, 361. East Haddam, 11; by justices, Midlothain coal pits, 110. Musquito territory annexed, 63. 334. Milan deeree, 475. Mutiny at Birmingham, 97; in Marseilles canal, 268; in a state of Military titles discarded, 151. parliamentary army, 125; U. S. siege, 41. Militia bill refused by arles I, ships, 51, 125; Washington's M:artnique, earthquake at, 24; in. 87; organization, 97. troops, 205. surrection, 203; volcan, 309; Mlllerites, founder, 478. Mysteries permitted, 460. expedition against, 28. Milw.aukee mob, 310..{Nantes, ediot of, 172, revoked, Martyr, female, first in Eng., 169. Minims, founder of, 130. 408. Maryland adop. oonstitution, 170; Minorca ceded to England, 90. Nantucket neutral, 332. charter, 251; oonstitutia, 2l1; Mint of United States, 90. Naples massacre, 196; palaoe controversy, 366; grani, 231; Minute men Masahusetts, 407; burnt, 59; under Bonaparte,125 patent, 241; ratified constitu- raised, 293. Narbonasser, era of 85. tion, 89; removed free blaeks, Mirage, 293. Narragansetts, 42. 69,; repudiated repudiation, 11; {Mirror, Edinburgh, 19.. Narragansett flood, 322. sanctioned congress, 293. Mississippi admitted, 467; bubble Natochez disunion meeting, 391; Marysville explosion,.320. burst, 250; city, gale, 368; ore- tornado, 183. Masonic hall, Philadelphia, 377. vasse,.2. explored, 236; National assembly excluded, 241; Mass, debate on, 447. scheme, 203; traced, 87. formed, 235; king sanctions, Massacre U. S. prisoners, 38. Missouri admitted, 315;:head 278; Ag. convention, 247; conMassachusetts adopted constitu- waters, 318; R. R. accident,420; vention attacked, 387; at, 25. tution, 55, 57; assembly pro- tornado, 194. Natolia earthquake, 336. rogued, 278; bay expedition, 366; Mist's Journal indicted, 239. Naumburg meteoric shower, 121. charter forfeited, 238; congress, Mob of women, 31. Naumkeak settlers, 152. 48; convention, 372; court met, Mobile district erected, 212. Nautilus lost, 17. 392; delegates,222; first birth, 25; Mohammedan era began, 279. Nauvoo temple destroyed, 208. general court, 404; minute men, Mohawk and Hudson rail road,318 Naval warfare, system, 104. 407.; new charter, 191; patent, Mohawks in London, 157; sold Navidad, colony lost, 432. 92; patent demanded, 133; re- lands, 123. Navigator's islands, 463. volution, 156; sold, 109. Mohegan chief, 477. Navy island evacuated, 27. Masquerade, first Scotch, 27. Molasses seized at Boston, 267. Neapolitan emigrants, 45. Masquerades prohibited, 28, 30 Molodechno bulletin, 459. Negro apprenticeship, 301; burnt, regulated, 18. Molucca, voyage to, 350. 41; insurrection, 21, 330 colo. Matins of Moscow, 207. Monasteries fell in England, 189; ny, 21; incendiary,44; plot, 108; Matrimonial celebration 400. Spanish, abolished, 410; sup- traffic facilitated, 231. Mattawooks, grant of, 160. pressed, 29. Negroes captured, 321; contract Matthew's Bible, 433. Monastic establishments abolish- to furnish, 356; pillageP ort-an. Maunday first distributed, 124. ed, 66. Prince, 22. Mauvoisin lake irrupted, 235. Money lenders seized, 174. Netherlands joined holy alliance, Mayaguez burnt, 45. Monitorial system of instruction, 243; national language, 363; Maypole charter, 447. 42. union of, 165, 245. Mayflower sailed, 344, 350. Monks absolved, 33. Neva overflowed, 440. Maying, Henry VIII and queen, Monolithic column, 273. Nevis, hurricane at, 331. 174. Monroe county erected,.8L New Amstel, 364. Meal tub.plot discovered, 409. Monster barn, 154. New Amsterdam, 338. 532 INDEX. Newburgh settled, 373. roads, 382; surrendered, 353; Orrery, first in America, 19. Newburyport canal, 150. university, 280. Orthodoxy in England, 172. New Castle, 364; Chronicle, 116. Niagara bridge, accident, 83; co. Orthography reformed, 392. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, cholera,343 erected, 99; falls rock fell, 356; Ostend powder explosion, 382. New Connecticut, 324. fort built, 293; suspension Oswego released, 362. New Edinburgh settled, 423. bridge, 297; suspension bridge Otsego county erected, 70. New England army, 341; comet, passed, 103. Ottoman history, 310. 438; commerce restrained, 62; Nicaragua manifesto, 215; presi. Ovid's elegies burnt, 214; printed Courant, 323; duel, 238; earth- dent, 418; route opened, 318. by Caxton, 159. quake, 57; emigrants detained, Nice, council, 226, 239, 274. Owego burnt, 328. 133; era of settlement, 490; first Niemen, royal conference on, 248, Ox roasted on ice, 80. export, 470; great storm, 322; 249. Oxford, commerce prohibitod, 28; origin of term, 172; settlers ar- Niger discoveries, 357, 455; expe- great fire at, 165; theatre, 268. rived, 264; trade regulated, 425. dition, 202. Pacific, Magelhaens entered, 450; New-France, population, 467. Nile Ldiscovered, 168; fleet, fate seen by Balboa, 375; discovered, Newfoundland patents, 168; tem- of, 125; inundation, 450; sources 32; Drake entered, 350. pest, 358. discovered, 435. Palatines arrived, 232; 2d immiNewgate destroyed, 221; felons Nismes, massacre at, 307. gration, 231; 3d immigration, transported, 377; ventilators, Nisqueunia, 352. 413; in New York, 226. 121. Nollet, J. A., 165. Palermo monks, 82; conspiracy, New Grenada independence, 310. Non-conformists, act against, 417. 412; earthquake, 330. New Guinea, 459. Non-importation mob, 79. Palestine, mission to, 147. New Hampshire adopted consti- Non-intercourse act, 240; with Palimpsest discoveries, 356. tution, 243; convention, 22; first Great Britain, 313. Pallas discovered, 122; ship lost, assembly, 105; first bank, 228; Non nobis domine, 424. 212. for independence, 234; Indians, Nooaheevah, 441. Palma, volcano at, 150, 443. 315; provincial convention, 17; Nootka sound discovered, 27. Palmyra island discovered, 430. volunteers, 76. Notables, assembly of, 41, 80. Pampero steamer sailed, 305; seizNew Haswell explosion, 198. Notre dame bells baptised, 436; ed, 357. New Haven centennial, 166; pur- bridge fell, 411. Panacea of potable gold, 206. chased, 447. Nottingham riots, 437. Panama constitution, 239; legislaNew Hebrides discovered, 176. North Briton, 33; republished, ture met 279; rail road, 44; acNew Jersey conveyed, 245; di- 67; denounced, 436. cident, 1l2; affray, 152; stock, vided, 256; ferry boat burnt, North Carolina const. adopted, 249. 104; for sale, 153; one govern. 476; adopted constitution, 442. Pancreatic duct, 333. ment, 151; ratified const., 476. North Georgian Gazette, 420. Pandects of Tribonian, 472. New London burnt, 351. Northern Indiana steam boat Pania destroyed by wind, 232. New Netherland charter, 9, 221; burfnt, 282. Pantheon reopened at Paris, 14. so called, 396; subjected, 383. Northern passage attempted, 196, Papal administration, 305; govNew Orleans burnt, 112; crevasse, 219; sea discovered, 324. ernment subverted, 50. 189; opera house, 86; riot, 331; North Penn. R. R. collision, 282. Paper manufactory, 180; money proclaimed independence, 325; North stdr at Spithead, 379. issue, 192; money first in N. Y., thanksgiving, 38. North west passage, 178, 402; at- 223. Newport, Florida, 361; riot, 423. tempted by Frobisher, 228; dis- Parachute, descent in, 348. News, false restrained, 230. covered, 413; expedition, 126; Paradise Lost sold, 168, 479. Newspaper, first in Boston, 133; territory, code, 69. Paraguay ascended by Water first in Brooklyn, 249; first Eng- Norwalk rail road accident, 182. Witch, 49. lish,208; 1st in Hudson, 139; first Norway and Sweden united, 321, Pardo, convention, 25, 26. in New York, 401; first steam 404. Pardon, general of James II, 98 press, 454; oldest, 288; in Phi- Norwegian R. R., first, 261. of king offered to Boston, 230. ladellhia, 482 in polar sea, 420; Norwich Dutch church, 482. Parhelion, 54, 243. prohibited, 278; Roman, 292; Norwood tunnel, 1~4. Parian marbles, 361. stamps, first, 317. Nuns absolved, 33. Paris, civil war, 244; congress, 85; New style in England, 10, 347; in Nuremburg R. R., 464. Counter revolution, 193; deaths France, 394; in Germany, 480; Nova Scotia, first bishop, 316; pa- 342; excitement, 229; gold and in Spain, 387. tent, 356. silver, 431; grand fete, 35; ice New Testament ruinous, 409; in Obesity, 48, 488. broke up, 154; industrial exhisilk, 480. Observer appeared, 89. bition, 193 insurrection, 68; New Zealand discovered, 234, 470. Ocean Monarch burnt, 335; massacre, 2-9; mob at Tuilleries, New York adoptedconst., 57,293; schooner sunk, 84; steamer 213; municipality guillotined, assembly votes, 146; banks re. burnt, 448. 297; police reorganized, 377; post sumed, 194; boundary 82; ca- Oceans, view of, 63. office, 292; prisons forced, 346; nal law, 152; charter, 223; cho- Odessa,vessels ordered out of port, prisoners, 176; review of troops, lera, 425; code, 147; colonial 140. 147; revolution, 83; revolution, legislature, last. 132; and Con- Oddfellows, first lodge, 218. 428; revolution, 427; riots, 221; necticut boundary, 191, 446; (Ecumenical council. 243, 274, 391. scarcity of previsions, 91; treaty, constitution revised, 215; const. Ohio admitted, 453; first tree 62; university censures, 150; adopted 158; counties, 419; felled, 248; freshets, 81; state workmen disbanded, 244. custom house closed, 162; Dutch hcuse burnt, 49. Park theatre burnt, 474. Ref. church, 188; earthquake,40; Oneidas ceded lands, 372. Parker's island fortified, 315. election, 171; exchanged, 286; Oneida county erected, 104. Parkville printing office destroyed, first assembly, 402; first print- Onondaga county erected, 94; salt 150. ing, 333; first theatre, 365; fort, springs discovered, 323. Parliament armed, 106; bribes, conflagration, 108; grant, 100; Ontario, water fallen, 225, 330. 225; committees, 54; Cromharbor discovered, 355; Hist. Opium surrendered up, 121; to be well's, 341; dissolved, Cromsociety, 467; incorporated, 49, delivered up, 108. well's, 201; disturbed by a qua230; independent state, 270; Orange men, 370. ker, 489; first English, 36; Engand Mass. boundary, 197; new Oratorians founder of, 206. lish, 148 - houses destroyed, 403; charter, 27; officers corrupt, 393; Orders in France united, 250. long, 4'2; members kept outt, omnibus horsesburnt,206; print. Oregon convention, 341. met at Oxford, 300; pensioned ing introduced, 117; prisoners, Oriental MSS. of Halstead, 127. 203; prorogued, 171; reformed, 479; PrQvincial congress, 201 Orejas possessed by Columbus, 489 refusal to call, 107; reports publicentry, 448; registry, 469; 324. prohibited, 85. rescue of Kaine, 294; riot, 148, Orlando Innamorato, 76. Parthenon destroyed, 379. 209, 236; settled, 226; state Orleans county, N. Y., 433. Pass Christian, gale, 368. INDEX. 533 Passover in new temple,.155. Plague at Constantinople, 489; at Potosi mines opened, 160. Pasto destroyed, 37. Edinburgh, 35 at London, 66, Poughkeepsie convention, 236. Patagonia, voyage to, 191. 302; at Shrewsbury, 152; fast for Pound notes issued, 93. Patriots of Canada surrendered, 89. cessation of, 342. Powder, explosion at Salonica, 282; Patroon's charters, 221. Planet discovered, 136, 147, 155, scarcity of, 319. Paul and Virginia, 35. 181, 288, 373, 427. Power loom, first m Phila., 147. Paupers educated, 134. Planets, conjunction, 364; canon Powhattan wrecked, 154. Pavement sank in London, 105. of motion 192. Precocity, 250. Paxton boys massacre Indians, 485 Plantagenet, last of, 207, 486. Prelates shut tip, 465. Peace address of Eng. merchants, Plattsburgh, first court, 415. Prepossession, case of, 430. 122; announced in England, 170; Play bill, first, 140. Presbyterian Chinese church, 426; congress at Paris, 332; England Playing cards, regulation, 396. church, first, 442; insurrection, and France, 422; of religion, 302, Playhouses regulated, 66. 75. 375. Plot against Charles, 417; to dis- Press, freedom in Mexico, 315; Peacemaker exploded, 88. member Union, 97. liberty restricted, 13; suppress. Peale's museum, 36. Plymouth army, 320; charter, 431; ed in Baden, 280; suspended, Pedestrian feat, 127, 139, 427. colony, 21; colonists, 72; colo- 292; in Paris suppressed, 117. Peep of day boys, 370. nists, Indian visit to, 104; colo- Pressing for seamen, 109. Pegu annexed, 479. nists landed, 433; first house,483; Pretender defeated, 434; trial Pelew island hospitality, 314. first marriage, 188; first sabbath, scafiblding, 360. Peloponesian war, 182. 496;Indian submission,360; land- Pretender's rebels, 298; fleet disPemaquid, 88. ing,480; pilgrims sailed, 344; set- persed, 118. Pennguin island sank, 13. tiers, 467, 481; ship captured, Priest attacked queen of Spain, Penn's elm blown down, 92. 482; visited by Massassoit, 113. 51. Pennsylvania banks vetoed, 110; Poetic festival, 177. Prima Vista, 246. canal, 10; charter 92, 414; code Point de Chambault, crossing, 183. Prince regent of Great Britain,58. by Penn, 180; 3d const., 426; Point Petre earthquake, 60. Prince William wrecked, 449. first assembly, 100; first council, Polsoning made treason, 70. Princess royal of France, 477. 98; hist. society, 51; hospital, Poland blotted out, 437; partition, Princeton college riot, 33; con49; new charter, 130; ratified 72; revenue sequestered, 281. gress at, 407. constitution, 469; resolves, 38; Pole, attempt to reach, 193. Printed book, first, 320; first in settlers, 467. Poles, massacre, 423. England, 126. Penny Magazine, 130. Polish adherents of Demetrius, Printers address queen Caroline, Penny postage in England, 23. 207; constitution annulled, 297; 396; in London, 189; responsiPenobscot bay, 272. families transported, 444 in- ble, 154. Pentateuch Tindal's, 281. surrection, 116; king died, 48; Printing, anniversary of, 269; Pequot Indians, 174. partition ratified, 367; revolt, 400th anniversary, 247; in New Pera suburb burnt, 37. 454; revolution, 328; throne va- York, 68; legalized in New Pere la Chaise, first burial, 200, cant, 278; traitors executed, 251. York, 117; office destroyed, Pernambuco, 95. Poll tax in England, 64. 293; stopped in Virginia, 78. Persia steamer launched, 260. Polyglot, 113, 427. Prisoners, American, 23; turned Persian calendar reformed, 103; Pompeii buried, 419. out, 396. empire extinct, 285; era, 234; Pompey's theatre burnt, 159. Prison ship victims inhumed, 209; newspaper, first, 124. Poonah earthquake, 235. relies, 138. Perth assembly aggrieved, 220; Poor relief by parliament, 458. Privileged class abolished, 306. fantastics, 467; the pretender at, Poor Robin discontinued, 41. Profaneness, edict against, 35. 348. Popayan destroyed, 37. Promethus steamer, 318. Peru delivered, 466; earthquake, Pope allowed to exercise photicate, Prola, earthquake at, 234. 59; founded, 348. 40; burnt in effigy at Paris, 179; Protestant alliance, 380; army, Peruke makers, 60. divided the world between the 277; association meeting, 210; - Peruvian bark, 329. Spanish and Portuguese, 177; books, edict against, 123; league, Petersham manifesto, 14. withdrew from Rome, 81. 480; petition against popery, Peter's pence, 25, 300. Pope's authority abol. in England, 216; religion re-established,172Pestilence, 326; Eng. and France, 114; jurisdiction disputed, 250; term abolished, 254. 279. sovereignty annulled, 195. Protestants, Irish massacred, 409; Philadelphia, army passed, 334; Porcelain introd. Dresden, 142. league against, 293; massacred atmospheric phenomena, 30; Porciano lake, 290. 285; massacred at Nismes, 307; bank opened, 236; chartered,411; Port Folio, 20. persecuted in France, 291; so cholera,425; cold,44; earthquake, Pneumatic chemistry, origin, 301. called, 156; under ban, 285. 58; enlistment arrests, 122; first Port-au-Prince destroyed, 217. Protestantism established, 33; in bank, 19; first capital conviction, Port Gibson burnt, 215. Scotland, 300. 38; first congress, 349; ice, 80; Port Jackson settled, 58; colo- Providence bank, 396; governmild winter, 34; mortality in, nized, 34. ment formed, 265; Indian deed 11; prisoners, 479; riots, 18', Portland riot, 216; island sunk, of, 116; propose congress, 195; 266, 394; theatre, first, 151; the- 478. theatre burnt, 411. atres burnt, 263; tornado, 149; Port Leon destroyed, 361. Prussia, first king, 31; levy upon, Washington entered, 359; yel- Port Mahon disturbance, 84. 429; new constitution, 463; relow fever at, 310. Port Royal, earthquake, 222, 298 nounced Great Britain, 69. Philippics of Cicero, 345. hurricane, 339; land sunk, 153. Prussian assembly prorogued,429; Phillipines discovere4, 101. Porto Bello discovered, 420; wa- king elected emperor of GerPhilippine islands, 138. ter spout, 470. many, 122. Piedmont annexed to Sardinia,463. Portsmouth, first bank, 2'28; fleet Psalter, first printed book, 320. Piemontese laws annulled, 294. at, 393; tornado, 384. Puerto Santo bridge fell, 84. Pike packet sunk, 188. Portugal abolished slave trade, Pulque, consumption of; 80. Pilgrim constitution, 431. 467; became monarchy, 294; Punjaub annexed, 124. Pilgrims descried Cape Cod, 428. execution in, 25; imports grain, Purbeck, wreck on, 18., Pilgrimage, 149. 270; independent kingdom, 456. Puritan emigration forbidden, 172; Pill-taker extraordinary, 195. Portuguese court emigrated, 453; and Episcopal conference, 26. Pitcairn's island, 38, 385. royal family, 96; royal family Puritans arrived, 264; era of, 27. Pittsburg, cholera, 425; first stage, emigrated to Brazil, 451., Putnam county erected, 231. 261; Gazette, 296; origin of Posen added to Germany, 189. Pythian games, 284. name, 448. Post office established, 293. Quakers, act against, 399; affirmaPittsfield, frost at, 280. Postal convention signed, 473. tion, 35; affirmations altered, Pisa council, 117. Potatoe introduced, 21. 470; first yearly meeting, 251; Placentia conspiracy, 356. Potomac settled, 91. founder of, 25; non-resistant,250 68 534 INDEX. Quarter denied French, 52 re-IRockland county erected, 81. San Salvador destroyed, 153. fused to British troops, 206. Romans before Jerusalem, 209. Sanscrit, first learner, 19. Quebec, cholera at, 224; cliff fell, Roman capitol burnt, 476; capi- Sans cullotides, 368; at Paris, 241. 196; darkness at, 364; founded, tol dedicated, 359; catholic ec- Saphet, earthquake at, 11..259; immigrants. 266; parlia. clesiastics restrained, 234; cath- Saracen hostages massacred, 323. ment house burnt, 49; riots,221; olics, massacre, 221; chambers Saragossa theatre burnt. 475. theatre burnt, 233. dissolved, 488; church in Scot- Saratoga county erected, 58. Queen Anne's wars, 129., land, 300; circus at Tours, 343; Sarawak, English rajah, 374. Queen Charlotte ship exploded, civil wars, 407; consuls, 9; Sardinia, convents suppressed,202. 107. feast, 450; jubilee, 129; pave- Sardinian rail road, 202. Queen of Spain attacked, 51. ment in London, 322; republic Sassafras, expedition for, 142. Queen's garden islands discover- established, 232; republic pro- Satan denounced at Edinburgh, ed, 192. claimed, 61; senate, early ses- 458. Quiberon bay wreck, 25. sions, 121; temple discovered, Saturn, 7th satellite, 458. Quicksilver congelation, 471. 94; thanksgiving to Cicero, 458. Santa Fee revolution, 330. Quinnipiack, 125, 447. Romance of England, 171. Savannah assaulted, 393; balloon, Quirinus, temple to, 59. Rome annexed to France, 72; 373; colony begun, 64; river Quito, earthquake, 53. burnt, 237, 263, 283; confede- freshet, 208; first steam boat, Quo warranto issued, 426. racy with Jews, 470; conspira- 289; steam ship, 202; storm, Rail road accident, 100; blocked cy, 323; foundation, 159; auni- 354. with snow, 47; collision, 261; versary do, 159; France at war Savoy conference, 117; protestfirst American, 318; mob 466; with, 486; incorporated with ants, 463; united to France, Eng. opened, 293; speed, l32. France, 195; insurrection, 175; 451. Rainbow, lunar, 357. last triumph, 442; made a re- Saxe Coburg confiscated, 42. Rain storm in London, 97. public, 69. Saxon heptarchy, 52. Rambler appeared, 110; contri Rosenberg summit fell, 346. Saxons converted by comet, 303. butor to, 21. Roses, union of, 31. Saxony dismembered, 185; king. Rapid, ships lost, 20. Royalacademy formed, 467; Anne dom, 468. Ratcliffe library founded, 190. galley, 429; exchange, 221; Scanderbeg revolted, 451. Ratisbone diet, 295. stone laid, 409; opened, 415; Scaptar Jokul, (see Skaptar JoReading, abbott's coiners, 437; re- George'sunk, 328, 341; institu. kul.) ceipt to sacrist, 122. tion formed, 99; marriage act, Scarborough cliff sunk, 476; land Rebellion, cause of, 42. 77; oak, 400; parliament met, sunk, 486. Red Sea forded by French, 480. 79;, society of literature, 76; Schenectady county erected, 96; Reformation anniversary, 263; be. Sovereign burnt, 42. deed of, 219; massacre, 193; gan, 417. Royalty abolished in France, 370. purchased, 294. Regent, British, appointed, 55. Rump parliament, 57, 184. Schism in Romish church, 117. Regents in Europe, 29; universi- Russia declared for Austria, 172; Schoharie county erected, 136. ty established, 148. first book printed, 17, 62; re- Schuylkill bridge, 76; bridge fell, Regicides, 340; arrested, 153; prisal against, 476; revolution, 29. pardon offered, 221. 463. Scotland adjudged to Baliol, 437; Regrading, conviction for, 261. Russian commerce opened, 187; sovereignty disputed, 250. Reindeer steam boat, 103, 349. emperor in Austria, 185; em- Scots prisoners made slaves, 359. Reindeer struck, 289. perorlibeled,212; levy of men, Scottish assembly dispersed, 291; Religious equality, 154; Herald, 186, 471; militia, 45; manifes.'church assembly, 443; clergy, 365; liberty, 354; orders ab. to, 249; new year, 10; object of 40; covenanters, 479; general solved, 452; orders abolished, war, 145; peasant rights, 487; assembly, 478; government, 32. serfs enrolled, 207; rail road, 236; parliament, 10; parliaRensselaer county erected, 58. 147, 345; revolution, 269. ment, last, 398; regalia, 118; reRensselaerswyck confirmed, 374; Rutland square masquerade, 89. galia opened, 50. outrages, 335. Rutli, Swiss meeting, 437. Scriptures, edict against, 123. Reporters excluded 28. Ryehouse plot discovered, 230, Scylla, earthquake, 55. Reprieve, 12. 232. Sealing wax, ancient, 303. Resolution returned, 387. Ryswick, peace of, 358. Seamen impressed, 244. Resurrection of the Saviour, 135. Sabbath bill stolen, 294; lawful Sea, rose and fell, 315; serpent at Revolt, Pennsylvania line, 10. sports, 403. Plymouth, 241. Revolution, American, ceased, 53; Sacramento inundated, 477; pri-1Seasons, Spanish notion of, 323. in England, 459; in France,388. soner hung, 331. Sebastopol, explosion, 437; harRevolutionary army, force of, 311; Sacheverell's sermons burnt, 120. bor closed, 373. manifesto, 264; soldiers fur- Sacred play, 259; year of Jews, Secretary steam boat exploded, loughed, 216; tribunal, 230. 111. 152. Rhine confederation, 269; inun. Sacrifices, Roman, 9. Secret societies, 376; prohibited, dation, 42, 368. Safety bank system, 132. 311. Rhode Island adopted constitu- Sagadohoc river, 315. Seignories, French, 158. tion, 210. Saginaw riot, 155. Semper eadem, 470. Rhone inundation, 368. Sailors, epidemic among, 228. Seneca county erected, 116. Richard Crookback, 244. Salary of pastor, 338. Senecas sold lands, 254. Richmond, annular eclipse, 366; Salem immigrants, 152; witch- Septuagint, 420. theatre burnt, 485; theatre fu- craft, 327, 371. Seraglio, release from, 348. neral 487. Salonica burnt, 141, 282. Sestos. siege of, 108. Rio de ia Plata independent, 269. Salt water freshened, 174. Seven islands, shipwreck, 17. Rio de Janeiro riot 418. Saltzburg protestants, 43. Seven years war concluded, 68. Rio Janeiro river, 9; de So]is, 9. Samson, English, 197. Shaker elect lady, 352. Riot at Dublin, 89; London, 138; San Cruz purchased, 204. Shawmut settled, 230. against physicians, 148; about Sanctobertis eve, 467. Ship disease, 228; money levy, 312. food, 148. Sandwich islands difficulty, 466; Shiraz, earthquake, 186. River broke forth, 329. discovered, 27; protest, 367; Shooting stars, 434. Roanoke colony planted, 335; first small pox, 343. Shower red dust, 193; of minechild born, 326. Sandwich land discovered, 46. rals, 46. Roanoke colony, 324, 338. Sandy Hook, Hudson at, 350; Shrewsbury pestilence, 152. Robbers hung at Paris, 409. lighthouse, 238. Sicilian vespers, 124. 451. Robinson Crusoe, 164. San Francisco execution, 335; in- Sicily, acquisition, 490; king ab. Rochester cathedral burnt, 216. surrection, 220; steamer found- dicated, 29. Rochester, first daily paper, 411. ered, 18. Sierra Leone company, 29; settled, Rock Island bridge, 145. San Juan de Ulloa, Cortez at, 160. 230. INDEX. 535 Sierra Madre republic, 342. Speaker of commons, 90; con- Stationarii at London,464. Silver buckles, donation, 443. gress, contest, 51. Stationers company chartered, Simeto overflowed, 154. Specie overturned, 69; payments 180. Sin, Israelites at, 150. suspended, 356. Statistics, so called, 406. SingSing prison begun, 192. Spectator began, 89. Statue of George III, 269. Sion, king of, 246. Speedwell privateer, 44. Steam battery, 15 9; boat at AusSirius steamer arrived, 163. Spinning machine riot, 393, 456. tin, 108; burnt, 54; explosion, Six Nations, treaty with. 232. Spires, decree protested, 156; diet 141; first, 384 first on lakes, Skaptar Jokul, 228, 238, 304. of, 247. 420; Fitch's, 219; wrecked, 86; Skeleton, ancient, 347. Spitalfield's soup house, 22. engines, experiments, 325; powSkeletons in ash tree, 297. Spirituous liquors taxed, 76, 87. er press, 454; ship in England, Slave decision, 244; ship, first, Spitzbergen, discovery of, 174,363; 279; first across Atlantic, 202. 403. Dutch sailors at. 26. Steeples opposed, 126. Slave trade abolished, 127, 226; by St. Alban's weathercock, 406. Sterling money, 484. pope, 459; proscribed, 175. St. Andrews charter, 86. Steuben county erected, 108. Slavery abolished in France, 124; St. Anthony's falls, 87. Stockport strike, 311. by Kosciusko, 131; in Mexico, St. Augustine founded, 31. Stoke, meteor at, 423. 363; in New York, 123; in Po- St. Bartholomew burnt, 91. Stonehenge fell, 14. land, 249; at Vienna, 59; con- St. Bartholomews, massacre, 16, Stone, medicine for, 106. vention, 274; trade by treaty, 334. Storm in England, 73; Gibraltar, 90. St. Bartholomew island abolished 73. Slaves free in England, 264; price slavery, 394; purchased, 204,314 Storm of cape Francis, 84; in of, 423. St. Bernard crossed, 192. New England, 82. Sleep, death an eterial, 401. St. Christophers, hurricane, 254; Stratford jubilee, 351. Sloane's library, 135. purchased, 204, 314. Street preaching riot, 209, 275. Small pox, first appearance, 107; St. Croix negro revolt, 263. Strike at Stockport, 311. in New England, 291. St. Cruz purchased, 314. Stripes in British port, 57. Smyrna, earthquake, 270; excite- St. David's college founded,76. Stuart, first of house, 156. ment about Koszta, 243; plague St. Dennis tombs destroyed, 314. Studien. meteoric fall, 350. at, 227. St. Domingo ceded, 397; c(ommis- Student, the, issued, 46. Snow, brick red, 152; in Holland, sion, 332; deputies, 52; found- Students expelled for methodism, 154; in New England, 79; red, ed, 306; insurrection, 357; mas- 100. in Tuscany, 103; at Rome, 98, sacre, 333, 454; revolution, 418. Submarine cable, 340. 117. St. George volcano, 175. Subsidies of Charles II, 60. Snow storm, 78; New England, St. Giles plague, 166. Sub treasury created, 255. 487. St. Helena discovered, 200. Sudbury jury, 392. Society of Jesus, 32. St. J ago de Cuba, earthquake,303. Suffrage universal in France, 458. Solar eclipse, 330; in England, St. Johns burnt, 231; first steam Sugar from beets, inventor, 158. 3.2. boat, 252. Sugar house prisoners, 479. Soldier, female, pension, 247. St. James steamer exploded, 263. Sullivan county erected, 120. Soldiers, great mortality, 228; St. Kitts, hurricane, 331. Sunday bill riot, 257; recreations, wages in 1347, 305. St. Lawrence county erected, 92; 199. Solemn league and covenant, 93. fishing in, 133; gulf named, Sunderland iron bridge, 374. Solomon's temple, 376. 142; rail road, 283. Sun dial, first in Rome, 59; Solstice of Meton, 250. St. Leon church overwhelmed,165 eclipsed, 161; in England, 171; Solway moss, 43. St. Louis burnt, 196; castle burnt, spot, 106, 173. Somers brig lost, 465; mutiny, 40; riots, 310; tornado, 323. Sungbund cowmaddy, 34. 34, 125. St. Martin purchased, 204. Supercalia, feast of, 68. Somers's expedition. 290. St. Marys settled, 120; ship canal, Supreme being enacted at Paris, Son of liberty, 120. 201. 183. Sonora burnt, 237. St. Michaels destroyed, 316; earth- Susquehanna rail road collision, Souffriere eruption, 173. quake, 272; volcano, 234. 261. Soup house, first, 22. St. Nicholas destroyed, 290; spire Suttee abolished, 257, 461. Sound dues, protest, 233; termi.- fell, 64. Suspension in San Francisco, 80. nated, 148. St. Pauls burnt, 217; dedicated, Swabia, king of, 11. South America, attempt to revo- 383; laid, 242; spire burnt, 233. Swan of Holland, 390. lutionize, 50; possessed, 324; St. Peters built, 78; dedicated, Sweating sickness, 416. independence, 382; republics 486. Swedish revolution, 301; crown acknowledged, 11; revolutions, St. Petersburg, cholera, 342; prince killed, 209; nobility mas24. founded, 207; inundated 440; sacred, 427; revolution, 327. South Carolina adopted constitu- and Moscow rail road, 345; pal- Swiss cantons armed, 25; patriots tion, 203;.charter, 231; college ace burnt, 488; storm, 353. met, 437; protestant massacre, riot, 79; congress, 23; settled, St. Pierre emancipation, 203. 285; troops recalled, 335; vil204. St. Stephen's chapel, 107. lages buried, 346. Southern literary messenger, 33. St. Thomas, hurricane, 331. Sword voted to McDonough, 66. South Hadley canal, 483, Stadtholder arrived, 455. Sybilline prophecy, 450. South Hampton frigate lost, 451. Stadtholdership abolished, 41, 70; Sydenham crystal palace, 227. South sea bubble, 380. protest, 209. Sydney cove, 58. Sovereign coin issued, 263. Staffobrd house address, 450. Symmis theory, 143. Spafields poor meeting, 458. Staffordshire ship sunk, 489. Syracuse explosion, 329; first paSpain, civil war ended, 362; dis- Stage women upon, 13; plays li- per, 131; founder of 307. turbances, 305; letters of censed, 186, 432; suppressed,470. Syrian earthquake, 194. marque against, 24; partition, Stake, number perished at, 429. Table rock fell, 353, 356. 396; resigned to Charles, 359 - Stamp act, 419. Taiefa conflagration, 284. restricts the press, 13; revolu- Stamp act passed, 113; repealed, Tampico deaths, 378. tions, 391. 108; riot, 337. Tar and feathers introduced, 96. Spanish constitution, new, 218; Stamped paper in America, 486. Tatler appeared, 146, 162; last fleet foundered, 414; military Standing army grievance. 59,372. number, 25. insurrection, 252; monarchy, Star spangled banner, 24. Taunton girls, 98. design against, 185; prize ship, State affairs, clergy, 468. Tax gatherers slain, 432. 200; queen absconded, 340; re- Staten island colonized, 16, 61; Tayleur wrecked, 36. cords first written, 159; royal purchased, 314; sold, 319. Tea art, 186. family prisoners, 176; settle. State prisoners in France liberat- Tea at Boston destroyed, 437; dements, expedition against, 339; ed, 117. stroyer, 92. ships burnt, 72. States general assembled, 180. Teignmouth phenomenon, 315. 536 INDEX. Telegraph across channel, 215; in Britain and Denmark 27, and Turkish ambassador, 478; ships, New York, 356; submarine, Spain 26, Buffalo creck 254, first at London, 136; sultan laid, 274. Campio Formio 402, Canandai. banqueted Napoleon, 185; war Telemaque of Fenelon, 19, gua 431, Carlowitz 40, Chero- declared, 122. Temanfaya volcano, 344, kees 103, Denmark and Sweden Turks learned war, 13; reinforced Temple of Hercules, 46; at Jeru- 120, Dutch and Indians 341, Eng- British, 117. salem burnt, 269; purified, 448. land and France 451, France and Turners plundered provision,401. Teneriffe volcano, 16, 49, 180, 225, Scotland 267, France, Spain and Tuscany duke restored, 295; pro482, 490. America 347, France and Tur- testant deputation, 412. Tennessee admitted, 215. key against Russia 102, and Tweed chain bridge, 283. Terceira, earthquake, 234. Germany 63, and Holland 60, Twin sisters, 412. Terra Firma, landing at, 300. and Russia 174, and Scotland Tyre, era of; 404. Test act, 123. 124, 287, and Spain 90, and Sou- Uncle Tom's Cabin prohibited,187 Texas admitted, 90,488; annexed, rajah Dowlah 64, and Turkey Unicorn steamer at Boston, 217. 261; first legislature, 77; pro- 17, Fontainbleau 412, 422, Fort Uniformity act, 334. clamation, 283; republic pro- Herkimer 252, Fort Stanwix 408, Union college, first com., 178. tested, 127. French and Chouans 158, France United Irishmen disarmed, 125; Thames bridge burnt,. 144; extra. and Egypt 38, and England 106, founder, 397. ordinary tide, 364; flood in, 404; and Russia 136, Spain and Eng- United States bank, 11, 206; infrozen, 44, 54; thawed out, 54; land 62, and Texas, 376, and colporated, 143; suspended,356; river low, 95, 349, 362; and Se- Tripoli 383, and Tuscany 61, 66, suspended, 56. vern canal, 441; tunnel opened, Ghent 311, 447, 483, Germany United States commissioners, 376; 118. and France 54, Great Britain constitution, 21; exploring exThanksgiving, British, 25, 31; brst and Algiers 340, and China 341, pedition, 115, 327, 328; indein Mass., 79; in India, 280; for and France 46, not ratified 313, pendence, 15; acknowledged, Russian victories, 12; New and Russia 144? 146, and Spain 34; by Denmark, 84; by Spain, Netherlands, 351; New Orleans, 231, and U. S. 389, and Japan 116; president, first, 48; ship, 38. 394, Holland 403, Hubertsburg first of the line, 185; so called, Theatre closed by sheriff, 324; first 68, Indians 458, Jay's 441, Jewish 355. in Albany, 259; first in New 56, Kerbechi 355, Lannoy 103, Usury punished, 63; restrained, York, 106, 365; licensed, 186; Longueville 61, Madrid 26, Na- 389. legalized in Massachusetts, 53. vajo Indians 200, New England Utah territory, 353. Theatrical encouragment of troops and Narragansetts 341, Nurem- Utica lunatic asylum, 29; state, 477; first Amnerican, 349. berg 288, Paris, 17, 2 117, 1855,382. Theban ram, 180. 212. 376, 454 Pasau 302, Russia Utrecht, quarrel of ministers, 294; Theft, trial for, 30. and China 355, and Turkey 21, union, 245. Theodosius's statue, 85. 126, 130, 169, 268, Ryswick 467, Vaccination first applied, 191; Thermometer, 13, 290. Sac Indians 190, St. Germain 106, introduced, 41; in Persia, 218; Thia island arose, 266. St. Ildefonso 383, St. Petersburg rewarded,;16. Thirty years' war ended, 410. 474, 476, Sweden and Tripoli 383, Valley Forge, army at, 477. Thorn, protestants, 426; James, Tehuantepec 56, Tilsit 273, To- Valois, house extinct, 287. 155. lentini 77, Tripoli 313, Troyes Vandalie Bible, 208, 334. Thoth, 315. 200. U. S. and Algiers 484, and Van Dierncns land discovered, 434 Thousand years' jubilee, 309. Creeks 454, and France 57, and Vatican built, 338. Thule, southern discovered, 46. Great Britain 15, 26, 74, 259, 313, Vaudois tolerated, 217. Thunder, subterranean, 40; stone 441, 454, and Indians 218, and Veal, Mrs., apparition, 353. fell, 426; theatrical, 18. Japan 115, and Mexico 136, 212, Vendean war closed, 123. Thuringia meteor, 424. and Morocco 280, and Prussia Vendeans shot, 74. Tide high at London, 70; in New 357, 476, and Sweden I32, and Venetian crusade sailed, 391. England, 82. Tripoli 217, and Turkey 183, Venezuela, independence, 220, 262; Tiers etat, 236. and Venezuela 34, Utrecht 126, slaves freed, 166. Tilmbuctoo, expedition to, 202. 144, Uxbridge 82, Vienna 117, Venice acknowledged French reTindale's testament sold, 190. 266, and Rome 430, Westphalia public, 41; revolution, 195. Tiega county erected, 70. 410. Ventilators invented, 121. Titles abolished, 241; in France, Trees removed and rooted 281. Venus Adonis entered, 155. 34; at Lucca, 28. Tremont temple burnt, 128. Venus's revolution observed, 185; Toast, indiscreet, 39. Trent, council of, 31, 40,169, 201, satellite discovered, 339; tranTobacco introduced, 294; regula- 470. sit, 13, 217, 380. tions, 383. Trent and Mersey canal, 276. Vera Cruz fish destroyed, 384; Tokaywine estate, 449. Tribunes chosen, 466. powder explosion, 217. Toleration act, 156, 204; edict of, Tri-color, 293. Vermont admitted, 74, 93; adopt148; in Scotland, 320. Tri-colored flag at Vienna, 143. ed constitution, 57; declared Toledo, lake at rose, 205. Trinidad discovered, 299. independent, 27, 484; joined the Toll gate riot at Bristol, 382. Tripoli earthquake, 194; liberat- confederacy, 22. Tomboro eruption 132, 136, 147. ed Americans, 218; made resti- Versailles rail road accident, 185. Tompkins county erected, 139. tution, 313; plague, 342. Vesta observed, 179; discovered, Tonal, red snow, 152. Triumph of the cross, festival,279. 124; steamer sunk, 378. Torch dance at Berlin, 459. Troy, fall of, 202; land slide, 71. Vesuvius, Delius perished in, 188; Tornado in Burmah, 163; in Ohio, Trumento mount formed, 120. eruption, 32, 102, 175, 231, 234, 315. Tryon county court, 353. 314, 327, 334, 405, 411, 447; overTorpedo experiment, 290. Touching for king's evil, 196, 264. flowed, 78. Tortugas discovered, 186. Toulon, Bonaparte sailed from, Vessels to be searched, 142. Tragedies, Scotch regulations, 95. 202. Veto of Miss Dix's bill, 159. Tragedy, first English, 31. Toulon, decree to level houses,482. Vice, edict against, 35. Trajan's floating palace, 277. Tournament at Eglintoun, 340. Viceroys in Europ, 29. Transit of Mars, 132. Tours, ancient circus, 343. Victoria bridge destroyed, 18. Transportation for forgery, 127; Townsend ship burnt, 193. Victories of the French, 52. for theft, 419. Tuilleries attacked, 311. Viege, earthquake at, 290. Treason to surrender, 50. Tuilleries beset by mob, 213; en- Vienna abolished slavery, 59; emTreasurer. first U. S., 77. tered by mob, 243; walls laid, peror left, 402; emperors at war Treaty, Albapy 202, 253, Algiers 272; palace begun, 16. with, 402; insurrection, 390; 254, and Sardinia 132, Amiens Turin annexed to Sardinia, 463. order restored, 392. 120, Austria and Piedmont 309, Turkey declared war with Russia, Virginia adopted constitution,248; and Prussia 159, Barbary 414, 384; object of war with, 145; colony, 294; cut ofi 148; masBreda 253, 286, Bretigni 164, refuses proposals of Russia, 247. sacred, 120; colonists returned, INDEX. 537 237; company, new charter,202; New York, 405; servant, Gil- Winfield Scott steamer, 458. convention, 400; convicts to, bert, 76; steamer sailed, 215. Winter solstice, 488. 417; divided, 142; first assem- Water spout, 394. 470. Winter quarters, Washington's, bly, 239; insurrection, 330; lot- Water Witch ascended Paraguay, 450. tery for, 253; militia rebel, 424; 49. Wisconsin admitted, 488. negroes taken, 321; on non-im- Waterford under coercion act, 286. Wreck off Portland, 55. portation, 197; north, 317; Wayne county erected, 145; first Witch act in England, 380. occupied, 148; rebellion, 426; paper, 450. Witch hung, 226. reduced, 190; settlement aided, Weather, peculiar, 30. Witchcraft, 407; case of, 161; act 22; so entitled, 226; third char- Weathersfield settlers, 400. repealed, 247; execution, 327, ter, 99. Welsh bards, prize, 206; Bible 371. Vixen brig lost, 451. permitted, 119. Witches condemned, 33; trial of, Volcanic island disappeared, 483; Well discovered, 105. 235. steam cloud, 402. Wetterhorn ascended, 261. Wolfe's army, survivor, 19. Volcanoes in Central America, West Florida, occupation, 259. Wolves in France, 65. 56. West India hurricane, 306,'348,384, Woman prohibited the Bible, 28; Votes of assembly first published, 395; slave trade, 175. rights convention, 305; rioters, 146. Westminster assembly,256; bridge 31; sold for tobacco, 330; tear Voyage round the world, first,350; 43; convent destroyed, 300; hall up rail road, 466; upon the unique, 430, founded, 302. stage, 13. Vulcano. eruption of, 54. West Point academy, 105. Woodland hurricane, 331. Waal crossed on ice, 23. Whale in the Thames, 118. Worcester, fire at, 233; riot, 456. Wages of mechanics, 333. Wheat, price rose, 454; in Ireland, Worchestz, storm, 273. Wahabites, 233; last emir, 441. 372. World appeared, 14; created, 344. Waistcoat, large, 456. Wheel punishmentabolished, 213. Worms, diet at, 115, 462. Wales, prince attacked, 43. Whig mob 438. Wowoken possessed by Raleigh, Walk in the Water steamer, 209. Whirlwinds, 232. 148. Walker's expedition, 403. White child, first in Ct., 270; Fish Writ, ancient, 431. Wall of intrenchment, Ceesar's, schooner, 430; sea discovered, Writing, minute, 314. 148. 187. Yacht race, 340; at Cowes, 332. Wallabout cemetery, 138. Whitehall palace burnt, 14; and Yamasses conspiracy, 151. Wallachian almanacs, 11; revo- Rutland rail road, 384. Yankee Blade steamer lost, 384. lution, 252. Whitfield methodists, 12. Yates county erected, 56. Wandering Jew, 10. Whites massacred at cape Fran- Yazoo, disunion meeting, 391. War with America discouraged, cois, 241. Year, beginning of changed, 117. 92; declared against England Whitestown, founder, 153; set- Yellow fever at New Orleans, 207, and Holland, 48; of the ele. tled, 20, 248. 255, 301; at Tampico, 378; first phant, 108; of 1812, loss, 20. Wife sold, 145. death, 310. Warren county erected, 100. Wild man captured, 18. Yeomen of the guard, 416. Warsaw, revolution at, 95; uni. William and Anne wrecked, 98; Yong-ming.tchin swallowed up, versity abolished, 444. and Mary chosen, 64, 66. 238. Wurtemberg, elector of, 11. Williamsburg, Va., theatre, 349. York, England, burnt, 217; and Washington aqueduct, 429; city Wilmington powder explosion,213 Lancasterunited, 31, 63. burnt, 335; county erected, 130; Winchester wrecked, 155. Yucatan independence, 194. gun ship, 185; letter to refused, Windsor, settlers, 400. Zenger's Weekly Journal, 388. 276; monument, 95, 261; in Wine, export prohibited, 173. Zurich insurrection, 351.