JOU RNAL
OF


A L F RE D


ELY,


P rimDner o9 Mar in ichmntnd.
EDITED BY
CHARLES LANMAN.


NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,
443 & 445 BROADWAY.
M.DCCC.LXII.




ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S62,
By CHARLES LANMAN,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the
District of Columbia.




INTRODUCTION.


ON the 18th of July, 1861, an encounter had occurred in Virginia between some of the Union troops
and a portion of the rebel army, in which the Thirteenth Regiment of New York Volunteers participated.
Coming, as those men did, chiefly from the Congressional District represented by the Hon. Alfred Ely,
and as rumors had reached him that some of the
soldiers in whom he felt a deep interest had been
either killed or wounded in the action, he felt it to
be his duty to visit the regiment and ascertain their
exact condition. Under these circumstances, and to a
certain extent induced by a common feeling of curiosity to witness the movements of an army in the
field, he was with others induced to visit the scene of
an expected combat. If the object which he contemplated should incur censure from any quarter, it cannot
be questioned that he severely expiated the error.




4


INTRODUCTION.


As a non-combatant, participating to no extent in
the military' operations, and accidentally becoming a
spectator of the momentous scene at Bull Run, he
found himself, before the day had closed, a prisoner
of war. In company with many of our gallant officers
and men, who had the misfortune to be captured on
that occasion, some of whom bore honorable wounds,
he was carried to the head-quarters of the rebel general,
"thence transported to Richmond, and there confined
in a prison for five weary months. During that time
he saw much to interest his feelings in behalf of his
brave and patriotic associates, and not a little to illustrate the character of the people under whose control
it was their misfortune to be thrown.
At an early period of this durance, Mr. Ely was
impelled, by a variety of motives, to keep a Journal
of the events which transpired in and about his prison.
Deprived of his accustomed employments, he found
in this occupation some relief from ennui, and anticipated the period when, released from his captivity, the
chronicle of these days and their experiences would
afford him pleasure in the retrospect. It was with
this view, therefore, that he commenced and continued
his record. It never occurred to him to prepare a
work for publication. Indeed, the restraint of a prison
precluded the possibility of attempting any thing beyond a simple memorandum of daily events, and the
performance of even this simple task was subjected to




INTRODUCTION.


5


many difficulties and interruptions. The nature and
extent of these difficulties will appear in the following
pages.
On his release from confinement and return to his
friends, Mr. Ely found himself incessantly interrogated
as to the events which had occurred, the treatment he
had experienced, and the individuals with whom he
had intercourse. His Journal supplied ample responses
to these various inquiries; and those to whom it was
submitted concurring in urging him to publish it, he
was induced to give his consent, believing that the
unvarnished record of his prison life would be acceptable, not only to his friends, but to many others in the
North having relatives in the South enduring a similar
fate to his, and that his reminiscences might throw
some light on the hidden history of the Great Rebellion.
Under these circumstances he concluded to place
the Journal at the disposal of the Editor, with the
understanding that all passages of a strictly private
or domestic character should be excluded.     With
these few exceptions the Journal now appears in precisely the shape in which it was originally written.
The only editorial labor in the matter has been to
arrange the foot notes, which will be found to run
through the entire volume;-and as to the list of prisoners, which appears in the Appendix, it is proper to
say that it was compiled by Mr. Ely with great care,




6                 INTRODUCTION.
and is the most complete and      authentic one on
record.
The portrait which illustrates the volume was inserted at the Editor's suggestion, and the vignette of
the prison was engraved from a drawing taken in
Richmond.
C. L.
GEORGETOWN, D. C., larch 7, 1862.




JOURNAL.
ON Saturday, July 20, 1861, participating with
many others in the anxieties of the day, and curious to witness what should occur, I applied to
General Winfield Scott,'in Washington, for a passport to visit our troops, then encamped at Fairfax
Court House and Centreville, near what is known
as "Bull Run," where it was expected a battle
would take place on the following day. The
General made several inquiries relating to my
birthplace and parentage, and I told him that we
had met before. I alluded to the circumstance
that many years ago he landed at my father's
place on Connecticut River, with his wife and
military suite, upon which occasion he sent to
the New London Fort a small lad to inform the
captain of the fort of his arrival at Lyme, and requesting that suitable carriages might be sent out
to convey him to New London. The General re



8


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


plied that he "remembered the circumstance well,"
and was surprised to learn that "I was the lad"
to whom reference had been made. I mentioned
some other personal recollections, of subsequent
date, connected with his visits to Rochester, in
New York, my present place of residence, and
none of them seemed to have escaped his mind.
I remarked to him that the American people
were looking to him at this moment with great
anxiety, and, alluding to the approaching battle,
inquired how many men General Beauregard
had at Manassas. He replied, about thirty-eight
thousand-not to exceed forty thousand-and
that General McDowell's plans and movements
had been talked over with him, and well considered. On being asked how many.troops we had,
he gave me this significant reply: "Enough. General McDowell will win." Having detained the
General as long as I thought proper, I rose to depart, and he handed me the desired passport.
Hon. La Fayette S. Foster, United States Senator from Connecticut, and myself had made arrangements to visit the battle-ground together,
in the same carriage; and it was decided that I
should take with me Mr. Seth Green, then in
Washington, and sutler of the 13th Regiment
New York State Volunteers, and that Lieut. Ash,
U. S. A., and Mr. Julius Bing, an Italian gentleman, should accompany us. We were to depart




A PRISONER OF WAR.


9


early on the following morning; and having hired
a carriage, at twenty-five dollars for the trip, I
retired to my rooms. During the evening a number of gentlemen happened to pay me a visit, and
while one or two of them warned me of the dangers of the trip I had proposed to make, the prevailing opinion seemed to be that there was no
danger. At a late hour I retired to my bed,
whilst my friend, Mr. Green, made himself comfortable for the night on the sofa in my front
parlor.
We left Washington at five o'clock A. M., in
a double carriage drawn by fine horses, with our
provisions for the day laid in, and our company
apparently in fine spirits. After crossing the
Long Bridge, and catching a glimpse of Wm. H.
Russell, Esq., of London, travelling in the same
direction, we met with few interruptions from our
pickets, and nothing of special interest took place
on the route, until after our arrival at Fairfax
Court House-which we thought was at least
twenty miles from Washington-and where we
arrived a little after noon. We halted there for
three-quarters of an hour, and looked at the Federal troops, then in possession of the place. It is
a small village, containing less than six hundred
inhabitants; all the buildings, dwelling-houses,
and the general exterior indicated just what it
was-a miserably poor and dilapidated place.
1*




10


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


It is, however, the shire-town of Fairfax County,
Virginia, where are located the county buildings,
the Court House, and different clerks' offices, all
built of brick, plain, and apparently quite ancient,
and all of them   then occupied by the Federal
troops. With Senator Foster I visited the Court
House, and found its interior a real curiosity. It
is said to be the building in which General Washington received his first commission; a local tradition, however, states that this ceremony was
performed in an old dwelling-house near by, in
the village.
The interior of the court-room was from fortyfive to fifty feet in length, and from thirty to
thirty-five in width. At one end was a raised
platform against the wall, stretching to either side
of the building, about four feet wide, with a rail in.front. In advance of this was a plank, forming,
as we supposed, the Judge's bench, or the woolsack. Beneath this bench was the lawyers' bar,
formed by a platfbrm raised some eighteen inches
from the main floor, and also surrounded by a
railing; the inclosure being twelve feet across,
and entered by a gate. At the right of the
bench was the witness-box, octagonal in shape,
and also entered by a gate; a gallery faced the
bench, capable of holding perhaps fifty spectators,
in the rear of which were two rooms, used as
jury rooms, and scarcely large enough to hold a




A PRISONER OF WAR.


11


full panel. Before leaving the court-room, Mr.
Foster and myself franked some letters for the
troops to send to their friends.
While at this place, the Hon. A. H. Rice and
Hon. Charles Delano, members of Congress from
Massachusetts, rode up in a carriage on their way
to the battle-ground. Shortly afterwards our
party reentered our carriage and proceeded to
Centreville, a small settlement some four miles
distant, where our troops had been concentrating
for some days, in anticipation of the conflict that
was expected to take place on that day. We arrived there and halted at about half-past one, or
perhaps two o'clock, on an eminence from which
we could see a great distance, and especially the
Bull Run ridge of hills, in front of which the
battle was already raging, although the thick
woods hid from our view all the troops, and
every thing having the appearance of war. The
smoke, however, was plainly seen, and the deeptoned roar of the artillery distinctly heard.
Here our party again alighted from the carriage, in the midst of a great number of similar
vehicles, which had brought out many people
from Washington; citizens, Representatives, and
Senators; among whom, immediately around me,
I recognized Hon. Henry Wilson, Hon. J. A.
Gurley, and a reporter of the New York press.
The head-quarters of Colonel Dixon S. Miles,




12


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


of the U. S. Army, who was in charge, as it has
since appeared, of the reserved corps of the Federal forces, were but a short distance from our
halting-place across a cornfield, some sixty rods
off, perhaps. Senator Foster invited me to call
upon the colonel with him, and we rode at once
to his quarters. We found him in a small house
by the roadside, and as we entered he was reclining in the middle of the floor in conversation
with several gentlemen around him, but the reporter of a New York journal was the only person whom I recognized. The colonel saluted us
very cordially, and some desultory conversation
ensued, but I cannot recall any of it on account
of the confusion that prevailed. I had never before seen Colonel Miles, and therefore do not feel
myself competent to form an absolute judgment,
but the impression made at the time upon my
mind, as well as upon others, certainly was, that
the colonel was under the influence of unnatural
stimulants.
We remained about half an hour, then resumed our seats in the carriage, and drove along
the road in the direction of Bull Run until we
arrived at a small brook crossing the road, when
an army-wagon, coming in contact with one of
our wheels, so disabled it that it was necessary
to have it repaired before we could proceed.
Senator Foster here left the carriage, and I went




A PRISONER OF WAR.


13


with the driver to a neighboring blacksmithshop, where the necessary         repairs were made.
This was the last I saw of the Senator; but it
subsequently appeared that he arrived safe in
Washington on the 22d day of July.*            While at
the shop, Calvin IIuson, Jr., and D. D. S. Brown,
Esqs., of Rochester, N. Y., came to the carriage.
They had left Washington the day before, and
were then on their way to their own carriage, intending to return to Washington. They, however, changed their plan, and, getting into my
carriage, we drove some little distance further
towards Bull Run, and halted in front of a small
house, where other persons and          carriages were
assembled. Among those whom I there recognized, were Mr. Tracy, one of the proprietors of
the Rochester Evening Expretss, Mr. Green, who
had come out in company with me, and Mr. Hor"* The Editor inserts the following at the request of Mr. Ely:"Senator Foster, after the accident to our carriage, proceeded
on foot till he came to the house on the northerly side of the road,
(Warrenton Turnpike,) leading across Bull Run, which was occupied as a hospital. He remained there assisting our surgeons in
dressing the wounded, who were brought there in considerable
numbers, till the retreat of our troops became a rout, when he left
and returned to Centreville on foot, closely pursued a portion of
the way by the rebel cavalry. He rode back to Washington that
night from Fairfax Court House in Gen. Meigs's carriage, and was
in his seat in the Senate on Monday morning. Expecting my return, he let our carriage remain near the hospital, where I had left
it, that I might have the means of escape. Happily that escaped
capture.




14


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ace Bryan, connected with the 13th Regiment N.
Y. Volunteers. As well as I can recollect, this
was about four o'clock P. M.
After spending perhaps fifteen minutes in the
carriage conversing with Mr. Huson and other
gentlemen standing. near by, I got out, and instructed my driver to remain where he was until
I returned. I strolled down the road near to the
scene of battle, accompanied by Mr. Bryan. When
we had gone some seventy-five rods, he declined
to go further, and, from fear or prudential motives, turned back and left me alone. A large
number of persons were standing in the road and
in the fields, and also a company of troops near
the place where I halted, in the middle of the
road. The striking of a rifle-ball near where I
was standing admonished me of the danger of
my position. I immediately left the road, and
advanced into the lot on the right, about two
rods, and took shelter behind the trunk of a large
tree, where I found other persons who had sought
a similar refuge. I am unable to state the length
of my stay under the tree, but I recollect that a
cannon-ball or shell came crashing through its
branches, scattering the leaves, and adding much
to my alarm. It is certain, however, that I must
have remained here much longer than I realized,
from fear of being shot if I moved. I was in the
immediate vicinity of a clump of woods, which




A PRISONER OF WAR.


15


was so dense that no one could be distinguished
in it beyond a very small distance.
It was while under the tree above mentioned
that a company of infantry issued from the woods,
marching in great haste, " double quick," with a
military officer on horseback leading in advance.
On arriving within about ten rods of the spot
where I was standing, the company halted. Two
officers then came forward to the tree and inquired who I was, and I told them my name was
"Alfred Ely."  "What State are you from? "
" From the State of New York," I replied. " Are
you connected in any way with the Government?"  " Yes."  "In what way, sir? "/ " A
Representative in Congress." One of the officers,
a captain, immediately seized me.by the arm, and
said that I was their prisoner, and took from me
the pistol which I had that morning borrowed
of Mr. Seth Green. He took nothing else. The
officer repeatedly assured me that I should not
be harmed, and behaved with kindness and courtesy. He took me to the colonel, sitting on horseback, and introduced me in these words: " Colonel, this is Mr. Ely, Representative in Congress
from New York," to which the colonel, in a most
angry tone, replied, drawing his pistol, and pointing it directly at my head, " G-d d —n your
white-livered soul! I'll blow your brains out
on the spot." The captain and another officer




16


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


rushed before the colonel, and prevented him
from carrying out his threat, the former exclaiming: " Colonel, colonel, you must not shoot that
pistol, he is our prisoner."  The colonel immediately rode away, when the captain stated to me
that he was ashamed of his colonel; that he was
very much excited, and had been drinking. /
The colonel alluded to above turned out to
be Colonel E. B. C. Cash, of South Carolina, in
command of a regiment from that State; the
name of the more humane officer was Adjutant
W. S. Mullins.
I was conducted, in company with about six
hundred officers and men, all prisoners of war, on
foot, that evening to Manassas, a distance of about
seven miles from where I was arrested,-over the
dustiest road that it was ever my fortune to
travel. The dust, so dense that it might almost
be cut with a knife, the weather dry, and no water to be had, my mouth became so parched that
it seemed impossible for me to move my tongue.
On the march, by the side of the road, a few of
the soldiers' canteens were partly filled from dirty
pools of water, and from one I took a draught
which relieved me very considerably.
We arrived at Manassas about nine o'clock
in the evening, and were marched into an open
space of ground, where we halted. There were
at least one thousand persons, as near as I could




A PRISONER OF WAR.


17


judge by the lights shining from the Confederate
camps. They were lying upon the ground, surrounded by guards, thickly posted, and near by
was a house, said to be General Beauregard's
head-quarters. About the time of our arrival it
commenced raining, and in that place, without
shelter, we were to remain the entire night, exposed (to all appearance) to a pelting storm.
Fortunately, however, for me, as I was about
looking for a place to lie down, on the bare
ground, as my only alternative, an- officer came
inside the guards and called out for " Representative Ely," to which I at once responded. He addressed me by saying that " General Beauregard
requested me to proceed to the officers' quarters,"
and I immediately followed the officer. On my
way to the place, I passed by the head-quarters
of General Beauregard, where were several officers upon the piazza of the small house, apparently busy in conversation, surrounding a table, upon
which, in the dim light, I perceived some papers.
I could not, of course, distinguish any of the
faces, but to my utter astonishment I caught the
voice of Hon. W. Porcher Miles, late Representative in the United States Congress from South
Carolina.
On approaching the house I spoke to Mr.
Miles in a respectful and courteous manner, and
both extending our hands, I saw that he did not




18


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


recognize me; whereupon I said to him, " Do you
not know me?"   He replied, " I do not recollect
you." I then told him to look again, and remarked that I had served with him in the last
Congress, and gave him my name. The honorable gentleman seemed to manifest, upon this announcement, a sudden coolness and indignation,
and remarked that he did not "feel that warm
cordiality (which I seemed to exhibit) toward one
who was engaged in an attempt to subjugate the
South or his Government."    He then left me,
stepped a few paces off, and whispered to a military officer, communicating the fact, as I presumed, that they had captured a member of Congress. I.have since learned that among the persons on the piazza was Jefferson Davis, (who had
arrived at Manassas at four o'clock,) General
Beauregard, and Hon. William Smith. I then
proceeded, with my guard, to the " officers' quarters," which consisted of a miserable old barn,
which was already crowded with officers stretched
out upon the floor, and so numerous were they
that there was scarcely.space enough for me to
assume a like position. It was all dark, excepting
the light shed from a common tin lantern in the
hands of the guard, and I could not distinguish
one person from another. Here upon the filthy
floor, without blanket or covering, and no other




A PRISONER OF WAR.


19


than a light linen coat upon my back, I passed the
night. And such a night!!
The morning light disclosed to view officers of
our army of every grade in the volunteer service,
and a few regulars. Having been taken from different regiments on the field, they were mostly
strangers to each other, and silence prevailed after
they rose. I was the only prisoner in citizen's
dress, and unknown, as I supposed, to every person present. The only officer whose name I heard
repeated was that of Col. Corcoran, a tall, handsome-looking officer, lying upon the floor a few
paces from me, whose fatigue and wounds, received
the day before, had too much weakened him to
stand upon his feet. It was a subject of conjecture
only where we were to be.sent. It had rained
all night, was still raining, and the morning was
gloomy indeed. One person that I recollect,
however, was as good as a joke. He was a very
busy and loud-talking negro, who flourished the
tail of a dead horse, which had been shot from
under General Beauregard-whose servant the
man was-and who remarked that "Massa Bogard
very smart man-he catch all de Yankees!"  At
nine o'clock I was called upon by Major M. W.
Clusky, who had been Postmaster of the House
of Representatives during the Thirty-fifth Congress, and whose acquaintance I had made in
Washington, when I first took my seat as a Rep.




20


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


resentative. He had been also 'a candidate -for
reelection, but was defeated. He introduced to
me a Colonel Bate, and Rev. Joseph Cross, Chaplain of a Tennessee regiment. He volunteered to
speak to General Beauregard and Jefferson Davis,
then at Manassas Junction, in regard to my release,
stating all the circumstances of my seizure; but
I am not aware that he did so.
Soon after this interview a military officer
from Louisiana, who turned out to be Major Prados, from New Orleans, came to the barn and ordered the officers to form in double file, according
to their respective rank, and be in readiness to
march. We were taken through the rain and
mud to the Virginia Central Railroad cars, which
were soon to depar.t for Richmond, Virginia,
where by this time we inferred we were to be
sent, and held as prisoners of war until otherwise
disposed of. The rain came down in torrents, and
we remained in the cars until four o'clock P. A.,
waiting for a portion of the privates taken pris,
oners, the wounded and sick, to be taken on
board. The train soon afterwards left the Junc.
tion with about six hundred men, including the
captured officers. The Louisiana major in charge
did what was in his power to make us comfortable, and we passed a resolution of thanks to him
in the cars for his kind and obliging attentions to
our wants while on our way to Richmond. We




A PRISONER OF WAR.


21


travelled all night, and reached Gordonsville
about ten o'clock on the following morning.
The cars were detained some time at Gordonsville, where the major provided ample refreshments for all the officers, who were, with one or
two exceptions, collected in one car. That the
men were also supplied with food, I take for granted. No man was permitted to leave the car, both
doors being strongly guarded by soldiers with
muskets and bayonets, and yet we were allowed
to purchase what we could of juvenile peddlers
and women, who assembled around the cars at the
various stations on our way. It was evident from
the crowds of people who gathered around the
train at every station, and from the appearance
of the inhabitants in front of farm-houses and
along the road, that the prisoners of war were
expected to pass, and a sort of wild curiosity was
manifested to get a peep    at the "Yankees"
through the car windows.
The only places of note through which we
passed from Manassas Junction to Richmond City
were Culpepper C. H., Orange C. H., Gordonsville, Louisa Junction, and Taylorville, at all of
which we halted. At the latter place, some of
the guards permitted a prisoner, one of the privates, to get out of the car for some purpose, and
on this being discovered by Major Prados, he
drew his pistol and threatened to shoot the guard




22


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


who should permit any other prisoner to leave
the car for any purpose whatever.
It was intimated in the cars that the prisoners
would be met by an uncontrollable mob on their
arrival at Richmond, and our lives endangered;
but Major Prados assured us that he had with
him a guard of one hundred and fifty men, and
that we had nothing to fear.          It proved to be
even so, for on our arrival at Richmond, at nine
o'clock  P. M., there was no disturbance and no
assemblage of people.* It was a bright moonlight
night, and after remaining at the station for an
hour, we were marched through different streets,
a distance of over a mile, to a large brick building
"* As many of the readers of this volume may not recollect the
precise character which Richmond bears among American cities,
the following particulars are submitted for their benefit: It is the
capital and largest city of Virginia, beautifully situated at the head
of tide water navigation on the James River, is a port of entry, and,
according to the census of 1860, has a population of nearly thirtyeight thousand inhabitants, though the numbers have greatly increased during the past year. Railroads centre there from the four
quarters of the compass, and it is distant from Washington, by railroad, one hundred and thirty miles. Its chief articles of export are
wheat, flour, and tobacco; its flouring mills having obtained an
unusual reputation, and its tobacco warehouses or factories numbering no less than forty. The public buildings are numerous, and
several of them handsome, the State Capitol being quite a splendid
affair. It was founded in 1742, and became the capital of the State
in 1780. It has three incorporated banks, seventeen journals and
periodicals, four or five colleges and literary institutions, and thirty
churches. The rebel Congress first met here July 20, 1861, having
been removed from Montgomery, Alabama.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


23


on Main street, previously used as a tobacco factory. We were taken into the second and third
stories of this building. Both floors were soon
crowded with prisoners, lying down and standing
up, and so closely huddled were they that there
was scarcely room left for the officers to lie down,
even if so disposed. This disposition of the officers was so different from what had been promised
by the officer in charge, that it created great chagrin and disappointment.         Major Prados had assured us that, on our arrival, he would take us to
the Secretary of War, and that we should be
allowed the liberty of the city, upon our parole
of honor. We slept upon the floor that night,
and slept soundly.*
July 24.-I arose at an early hour this morning, surrounded by, to me, an entirely new scene,
"* For the want of a better place, it may be stated that the affair
of Bull Run will undoubtedly be remembered by historians as a
drawn battle. It has been proven that at one time each army
thought itself defeated, and it is certain that at about two o'clock
the Federal troops were victorious. The Union army, according
to official reports, numbered eighteen thousand men, and was commanded by General McDowell; while the rebel army, according to
Beauregard's report, consisted of twenty-nine thousand men, commanded by Generals Johnston, Lee, and Beauregard. Union loss,
four hundred and seventy-nine killed, one thousand and eleven
wounded, and twelve hundred and sixteen taken prisoners; Rebel
loss acknowledged, three hundred and ninety-three killed, and the
wounded, according to Dr. A. Powell, numbering between three
and four thousand.




24


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


and with decidedly some new ideas. A prisoner
of war, with six hundred others under the same
roof, of all ranks, professions, and stations in life!
Soon we were treated to breakfast-about a drayload of bread, half that quantity of boiled beef,
and several large cauldrons of coffee. There were
about three hundred men on the floor with me;
and on the arrival of breakfast, a looker-on would
have been reminded of the feeding of a drove of
swine.
Soon after breakfast, General John H. Winder,
formerly of the United States Army, occupying
the position, as I was informed, of Brigadier-General in the Confederate army, called upon us, and
apologized for our uncomfortable quarters by
stating that our arrival was unexpected, and therefore he was unprepared; but that a separate
apartment for the officers, in another building,
was nearly ready, and we should be removed to
it in the afternoon.
General Winder has a striking and commanding personal appearance; and his prompt and
rapid movements, set off with a military air, attract your attention at once. He resides in Richmond, and is now the commanding General of
that post. In his charge, alSo, are' all the prisoners brought to Richmond by the Confederate
forces.
The building in which we are assembled is




A PRISONER OF WAR.


25


guarded on all sides by a strong force, night and
day, and we had been in confinement but a short
time, when one of the guards, in rear of the building, fired a musket-ball through a window of the
third story, at a prisoner who happened to be
looking out at the moment. The ball lodged in
a joist in the upper floor, which prevented it from
penetrating through the floor, possibly into the
body of some innocent man. Like acts of brutality had been perpetrated before, as I understood;
and Col. Michael Corcoran, of the 69th Regiment
New.York State Militia, one of the prisoners, and
myself, called the General's attention to the circumstance, and pointed out the ball marks. He
said it should not be repeated.
To-day, at the request of the prisoners, I prepared a petition to Abraham Lincoln, President
of the United States, stating, in substance, that
about forty officers, whose names were signed to
the petition, together with some six hundred privates, in the military service of the United States,
were prisoners of war, in close confinement at
Richmond, Virginia, and requested that immediate steps might be taken by our Governmentby exchange or otherwise-to effect their immediate release. All the officers signed the petition,
as well as myself, and it was forwarded to. the
President.
At four o'clock this afternoon, I was called
2




26


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


upon by Hon. L. M. Keitt and Hon. W. W. Boyce,
of. South Carolina, and Hon. Roger M. Pryor and
Hon. Thomas S. Bocock, of Virginia, all members
with myself of the Thirty-sixth Congress, and all
now members of the so-called Confederate Congress, now sitting in Richmond. They informed
me that they had but just learned that I was in
Richmond, a prisoner, and had called to say that
they would go back and see that I was released;
Mr. Boyce remarked that I should go into quarters with them. I felt much pleased with the
visit paid me by these gentlemen, and the courtesy and kindness they exhibited toward me. They
were apparently in earnest when they assured me
of their efforts to secure my release. They assured
other gentlemen, who informed me of the fact,
that they intended to get me a parole, which
would give me the liberty of the city at least. I
have reason to believe they made that effort, and
that the question was considered in Cabinet Council on their return to head-quarters. Not having
heard from either of these gentlemen since their
visit, I infer, of course, that they were unsuccessful.
There were several other gentlemen who
called upon me to-day, among whom was Mr. J.
B. Ezell, formerly connected with one of the departments in Washington, and now employed in
the General Post-Office Department of the rebel








TTn
I


PRISON AT RICHIMOND.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


27


States at Richmond. He volunteered to do any
thing in his power to assist me, and left me with
a commission to purchase for my use a thin dark
frock-coat and a shirt, as the thin white linen
coat and shirt that I had on-all I had with me
-had become horribly soiled. After the departure of these gentlemen, my fellow-prisoners gathered around to congratulate me on my speedy
release, and I confess that I experienced at that
time a thrill of joy such as I have seldom felt.
Late this afternoon, we (I mean the officers
and myself) were removed into our new quarters
-an adjoining building, which is also a tobacco
factory, and the lower floor, about seventy feet
long by thirty feet wide, is our apartment. It is
divided midway by a row of tobacco presses, the
space on one side being exclusively our quarters,
while the other half is occupied by the guards,
especially to sleep in at night, and is constantly
resounding with a great noise from the stacking
of guns, and the tramp of the soldiery. The two
stories above us are occupied by Union soldiers,
(prisoners,) but they have no access to our apartment. The building fronts on Main street. All
the windows, both in front and rear of the first
and second stories, are secured by seven round
iron bars, reaching from the lower to the upper
sills. The rear half of the floor is occupied by us,
and overlooks the James River, which is directly




28


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


in view, except as the prospect is interrupted by
buildings and trees. This room is not supplied
by even a chair or bench to sit upon, and is destitute of every article of furniture.    We are all to
sleep upon the floor, without any exception.
Upon our entrance to these new quarters, which
we understand to be a kind of permanency, I
think it well to record the names and rank of my
unhappy associates, that I may at some future period of my life refer to them, if so fortunate as
ever again to be restored to the freedom of an
American citizen. This record I will reserve for
my early duty to-morrow morning.
July 25.-The officers captured at the battle
of Manassas or Bull Run, on Sunday, July 21,
1861, and now prisoners of war at Richmond, are
as follows:
Col. MICHAEL COROORAN, 69th Regt. New York Militia.
Capt. J. P. McIvoR, 69th Regt. New York Militia.
Capt. M. GRIFFIN, 8th Regt. New York Militia.
Capt. JOHi DOWNEY, 11th Regt. New York Zouaves.
Capt. WILLIAM MANSON, 79th Regt. New York Militia.
Capt. J. A. FARRISH, 79th Regt. New York Militia.
Capt. J. B. DREW, 2d Regt. Vermont Volunteers.
Capt. S. D. GOLYER, 4th Regt. Michigan Volunteers.
Capt. W. L. BOWEas, Quartermaster 1st Rhode Island Volunteers.
Lieut. EDMUND CONOLLY, 69th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. JOHN BAGLEY, 69th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. JAMES GANNON, 69th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. S. R. KNIGHT, 1st Regt. Rhode Island Volunteers.
Lieut. W. H. RAYNOR, 1st Regt. Ohio Volunteers.
Lieut. R. A. GOODENOUGH, 14th Regt. New York Militia.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


29


Lieut. W. H. CLARK, 4h Regt. Maine Volunteers.
Lieut. J. B. GLOVER, 4th Regt. Maine Volunteers.
Lieut. G. W. CALEFF, 11th Regt. Massachusetts Volunteers.
Lieut. J. K. SKINNER, 2d Regt. Maine Volunteers.
Lieut. GEO. B. KENNISTON, 5th Regt. Maine Volunteers.
Lieut. M. A. PARKS, 1st Regt. Michigan Volunteers.
Lieut. JOHN WHITE, 79th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. WALTER B. IVES, 79th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. ROBERT CAMPBELL, 79th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. CHARLES J. MURPHY, 38th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. S. B. PRESTON, 4th Regt. Michigan Volunteers.
Lieut. A. M. UNDERHILL, 11th Regt. New York Militia.
Lieut. J. B. HUTCHINSON, 15th Regt. Pennsylvania Volunteers.
Lieut. ISAAC M. CHURCH, 2d Regt. Rhode Island Volunteers.
Lieut. A. E. WELCH, 1st Regt. Minnesota Volunteers.
Lieut. CHARLES WALTERS, 1st Regt. Connecticut Volunteers.
Lieut. D. S. GORDON, 2d Dragoons U. S. Army, Aide to Col. Keyes.
Surgeon ALFRED POWELL, 2d Regt. New York Militia.
Surgeon W. A. CONNELLY, 2d Regt. New York Militia.
Surgeon JAMES HARRIS, 2d Regt. Rhode Island Volunteers.
Surgeon ANDREW MCLETCHIE, 79th Regt. New York Militia.
Surgeon STEPHEN GRISWOLD, 38th Regt. N. Y. Life Guard.
Surgeon B. J. BUCKSTEN, 5th Regt. Maine Volunteers.
Surgeon LEBOUTILLIER, 1st Regt. Minnesota Volunteers.
Chaplain GEORGE W. DODGE, 11th Regt. New York Militia.
Chaplain HIRAM EDDY, 2d Regt. Connecticut Volunteers.
ALFRED ELY, Representative in Congress from New York.
We were called on to-day by a large number
of the citizens of Richmond, and, judging from
the number of carriages I saw drive to the door,
most of the visitors could not have succeeded in
getting access, as no one could obtain admittance
without a pass from General Winder.
Hon. Mr. Farrar and Hon. W. S. Barry, members of the rebel Congress from Mississippi, and




30


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Hon W. R. Staples, member of the same from
Virginia, were among the number who called.
They expressed much heartfelt sympathy for my
situation, and took occasion to remark that they intended to join with Messrs. Bocock, Boyce, Keitt,
and Pryor, in their efforts to secure my discharge.
The interview was marked by unusual courtesy
and dignity on their part.
This afternoon, Robert Tyler, son of the late
President, had a long conversation with me,
mostly upon the various topics connected with
the war. He deplored the unhappy civil conflict,
and enlarged upon its destructive consequences to
both sections of the Union. He assured me that
the North entirely misunderstood the spirit and
sentiment of the South; that there was no
Union feeling underlying that of secession, as
was supposed in the North; and that twenty-two
counties in Western Virginia, and a small portion
of Tennessee, were the only disaffected sections in
all the teceded States. Subjugation of the South,
he said, was absurd; they might be killed, but
not conquered. The troops of the Southern army
were composed of planters and their sons, the
men of wealth and position in society, and they
" had come to die." Such, he declared, was the
determination of the South, and separation of the
States was inevitable. Mr. Tyler has all the
blandness and courtesy of a Southern gentleman,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


31


with great conversational powers; and is gifted,
pleasing, and agreeable.  He was the private
secretary of his father when President. He tendered to me every assistance in his power, and
expressed the opinion that his Government would
not feel disposed to detain mie.
I was also called upon to-day by a delegation
of gentlemen from Georgia, whose names I am
unable to remember; with them were several ladies, with whom I had a merry and jovial conversation. I entertained them with the incidents
of my arrest, and it seemed to be treated by
them jocosely rather than as a matter about which
I might apprehend danger or long detention.
Of course, all this encouraged my expectations,
and made me buoyant and hopeful. One of the
ladies very prettily remarked, as the company
was about leaving, that " the next time she had
the pleasure of calling upon me, she hoped to find
me fighting for the South."
/ July 26.-I slept soundly last night, and.
woke only once from a dream of my wife and
children, and the disappointment in not seeing
them for a time overcame my feelings. The world
and all its honors would have been too little to give
at the moment for the sight, even, of my beloved
home and family. But, alas! I am a prisoner
of war, and that, too, in my own native land!
lWithin these walls I am the victim of an un



32


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


happy civil discord in the nation of American
freemen, the happiest, freest, and most prosperous
people on earth. How much time have I spent,
how many celebrations attended, and orations
delivered upon the anniversaries of American
independence; and where, now, is our boasted
Union? Shall the inspiring sentiment of Webster, "Liberty and Union, one and inseparable,
now and forever," no longer be the patriotic
watchword of American youth? /
But to proceed with the incidents of the day.
Many visitors have called upon me to-day, and
chiefly, I think, to gratify an idle curiosity, until
the annoyance has become so great, that I requested of the officer in charge that no more
might be admitted, so far as I was concerned.
I omitted in my record yesterday to state that
the officers formed themselves into an association,
called "The Richmond Prison Association," for
mutual improvement and amusement, and elected
the following officers:
ALFRED ELY, President.
R. AusTIN GOODENOUGH, Secretary.
M. CORCORAN, Treasurer.
CHARLES WALTERS, Assistant Treasurer.
The Association held its first meeting at
once, and the speeches, toasts, and songs pretty




A PRISONER OF WAR.


33


clearly indicated the intelligent and educated
character of its members.*
"* Although the outside accounts of what took place within the
walls of the prison were almost invariably full of falsehoods, some
of them were amusing. Here is one, for example, which was communicated to the Charleston Courier, under date of August 19,
1861: " Among their amusements are those of card-playing, psalmsinging, cursing, and debating. The latter is almost nightly the
occupation of the officers. Ely acts as the moderator of the meeting, or occasionally takes a hand himself. Huson, his congressional
competitor-a jolly, good-natured soul, by the way, fat, funny, interesting-is the leading speaker, and the smaller guns predominate
in the intellectual battery according to their various calibres. The
subjects are any thing and every thing you can imagine, ranging on
the gamut from the solemn to the ridiculous. Their subject last
evening was derived from the following simple incident: A newsboy who had been in the habit of selling his papers at three, suddenly ran his price up to five cents, and on making his accustomed
sale in the morning to one of the prisoners, the latter first refused
to 'come down.' The young vender was equally inexorable, and
finally carried his point, and received the amount of his demand.
This rise in stocks was reported to the Yankee conclave, whereupon
the question was raised whether it was right for the man to jew
the boy, or the boy to jew the man. The discussion thus commenced in the social circle was carried to the debating society, and
after the usual pros and cons, it was finally decided by the Hon.
Speaker Ely, that, the boy being the sole and undisputed owner of
the property, and the said property not being contraband of war,
and no concatenation of circumstances having arisen to obstruct the
right thereby vested in the original possessor of the aforesaid vehicle
of information, the right was undoubtedly inherent in the adolescent merchant to determine for himself the incipient value of his
goods, and to charge for the same accordingly, ad valorem duties
to the contrary notwithstanding. Exception was taken to the ruling of the Chair, and Mr. Huson proceeded to quote Shakspeare
and Byron and Tom Moore in support of his position. Others followed in the senatorial burlesque, quoting, amid shouts of laughter,
2*




34


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


To-day our company was increased by the following additional prisoners:
WILLIAM E. WOODRUFF, Colonel 2d Kentucky Volunteers.
GEORGE W. NEFF, Lieut.-Colonel  "          "
GEORGE AUSTIN, Captain          "         "
J. R. HUED, Captain             "          "
CHARLES DE VILLIERS, Colonel 11th Ohio Volunteers.
These officers belonged to General J. D. Cox's
Brigade, and were taken by General Henry A.
Wise, on the Kanawha River, on the 17th inst.
I omitted to mention that Arnold Harris, a
citizen of Washington, and Henry Magraw, a
citizen of Pennsylvania, arrived at these quarters
last evening as prisoners of war. They were sent
this morning to Henrico County jail, and are now
held as spies by the rebel Government. They
came in search of the body of Colonel Cameron,
a brother of the Secretary of War, who fell upon
the field of battle. They approached the rebel
lines with a flag of truce, entertaining the opinion, no doubt, that 'the Commanding General
would permit them to recover the remains of a
fallen officer, by going upon the field for that
purpose, but they made a grand mistake. They
were taken prisoners, and their humane visit cruscraps of Latin, French, and Irish, telling stories, and even singing
songs, until bed-time arrived, when the party retired to their blankets. There's a sweet for every bitter, the poet says, and the prisoners are doing all they can to extract it."




A PRISONER OF WAR.


35


elly interpreted into the meanest of all missions,
that of spies.
The famous Mr. Wigfall, late a Senator in
Congress, from Texas, was at the prisoners' quarters this morning, apparently to call upon Mr.
Arnold Harris; he had been solicited to procure
the release of the Washingtonian, and promised
to do what he could. I have frequently seen this
gentleman in the Senate, but never before to-day
held any conversation with him, and on this occasion it was entirely accidental, and without any
formal introduction. It seems that he is colonel
of a battalion, encamped at present about four
miles from Richmond. He conversed freely with
me upon the results of the late battle, and at last
spoke indignantly of the conduct of our Government in neglecting to bury our dead upon the
field of battle, and of the treatment of the prisoners on board the privateer schooner " Savannah,"
and the honorable gentleman took occasion to assure me that it was the intention of the " Confederate" Government to hang me especially, if the
Savannah prisoners were convicted. This was
indeed consoling intelligence, and coming from a
distinguished Senator, it occurred to me that he
might possibly speak the sentiments of his Government in respect to my fate.
July 27.-Saturday has come and gone and
no particular incident has occurred that justifies




36


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


the employment of the pen, beyond noticing the
fact that the Richmond Prison Association met as
usual this evening, and were entertained by music
from several gentlemen, and by a beautiful recitation called "Isabel," from Lieutenant Campbell,
of the 19th Regiment, New York Militia.
July 28.-This is Sunday, and one week has
elapsed since the day of my arrest. I am forcibly
reminded at this time of an admonition so frequently given to me in the past, by my wife,
that work or amusement indulged in upon the
Sabbath, must, sooner or later, result in disaster.
The full force of this warning, oftentimes and
affectionately repeated to me, I now feel with
crushing weight. My visit to Centreville was
made on Sunday. An all-wise Providence punishes me for a violation of His commandment,a sequence as direct as it is just.
Divine service was held to-day in the apartment of the private soldiers, and the officers were
invited and permitted to attend. An impressive
and most solemn prayer was made by Rev.
Hiram Eddy, Chaplain of the 2d Connecticut
Regiment, and a sermon preached by Rev. George
W. Dodge, Chaplain of the 11th New York Volunteers.
Immediately after the service, I was called on
by Governor John Letcher, of Virginia, and Hon.
George W. Jones, of Tennessee, and several other




A PRISONER OF WAR.


37


distinguished gentlemen, whom, in the confusion
of introduction, I cannot recall by name. They
were all exceedingly dignified and courteous during the interview, and displayed no feeling of
animosity or reproach. Their conversation bore
the tone of regret that the two great sections of
the Union were now unhappily involved in civil
conflict; but they were at the same time firm in
the expression of their opinion that the " Confederate" States would achieve a final and complete
separation from the Union. Much other talk ensued upon general topics, when the distinguished
visitors left; but with what impressions of the
M. C. from New York, I am unable to conjecture.
It could not have been less affectionate than that
of their predecessor from Texas.
In my record of yesterday I omitted an important event. About eleven o'clock A. X., who
should arrive at the prisoners' quarters, to my
great surprise, but Calvin Huson, Jr., Esq., of
Rochester. My instant inquiry of him was-"Are
you a prisoner of war? " when he bowed an affirmative answer. He related to me, immediately,
the facts attending his arrest, and they were as
follows:
Mr. Huson was in my carriage when I left it
on the 21st in company with D. D. S. Brown,
and it appears that soon after my departure, Mr.
Brown started on his way to reach his own car



38


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


riage, with a view of starting homewards. My
own driver, alarmed at this circumstance or some
other, insisted upon going also, saying that he
did not intend to remain there alone. Mr. Huson
urged him not to drive away without me, and
offering to stay with him, they remained nearly
half an hour, until a company of rebel cavalry appeared, when the driver started on with his carriage, and Mr. Huson made his way into the
neighboring fields. In a state of exhaustion he
finally reached the farm-house of Mr. Albert
Flagler, with whom he tarried until Tuesday
morning, when he was arrested by the rebel
pickets.
Mr. Huson was brought from     Manassas to
Richmond as a prisoner of war, and accompanied
on his way by the Hon. J. A. Orr, member of the
"Confederate" Congress, from   Mississippi, and
brother of the late.Speaker of the House of Representatives, who, on their arrival, invited Mr.
Huson to go with him to the best hotel in the
city, to remain overnight, which he did. That
evening and the following morning he was introduced to a large number of gentlemen, members
of the rebel Congress, and others occupying
prominent positions in the said Congress, by
all of whom he was treated with courtesy and
consideration. On Saturday morning, lest he
might embarrass his friends, Mr. Huson insisted




A PRISONER OF WAR.


39


upon being taken to the Federal prison, and
therefore came with several distinguished persons
as an escort, among whom were Judge Jenkins,
from Louisiana, Judge Harris, of Mississippi,
Hon. Mr. Boyce, of South Carolina, Mr. J. A.
Orr, from Mississippi, Mr. Spratt, editor of the
Charleston Mercury, and Mr. Defontaine, editor
of the Charleston Courier. The most of these
gentlemen were introduced to me, and after a
short conversation they took their departure.
When Mr. Huson was first arrested, the officers
and Mr. Orr, who was accidentally near, supposed
him to be a United States Senator, or connected
in some other capacity with the General Government, and it was not until many questions were
asked and answered that they credited his statement that he was a private citizen. A great
number of queries were also put to Mr. Huson in
respect to the situation of our army, and the
locality of several commanding generals, all of
which were answered, so far as he had any information on the subject. About half-past one
o'clock on the day of his arrest, Mr. Huson, attended by a general, went over the battle-field,
where, as he says, he saw all the unburied dead
of the Federal army, and they did not exceed
three hundred in his judgment. The Confederate
dead, at this time, were all, or nearly so, buried,
and greatly exceeded in number those of their




40


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


adversaries. All the dead lying unburied presented a frightful and most ghastly spectacle: their
bodies swollen to nearly twice their natural size,
their faces black, and the bodies lying upon their
backs. Another touching sight was noticed byi
Mr. Huson. In walking over that field of the
slain, he discovered one person, who, from all appearance, had been dead as long as his ill-fated'
associates, lying upon his back, with both eyes
fully open, and gazing intently upon a daguerreotype likeness of a lady, held in one hand. Poor
mortal! In his last moment, in the agony of expiring nature, he was clutching the image of his
beloved wife, and relinquished not his grasp,
even though life itself was gone.
July,29.-The society of Mr. Huson, I confess, relieves the dreary monotony of unoccupied
time, as he is the only person among the prison,
ers with whom I had any previous acquaintance.
Nothing of special interest has happened to-day,
except the arrival of the Rev. John F. Mines, an
Episcopal clergyman from Bath, in the State of
Maine. He was chaplain in the 2d Volunteer
Regiment from that State, and was taken a prisoner of war at Bull Run, whence he could easily
have escaped, but remained behind to comfort
and administer to the wants of the sick and
wounded.
The "Richmond Prison Association " held a




A PRISONER OF WAR.


41


meeting, as usual, and its proceedings and entertainments were the same as on former occasions.
July 30.-Mr. Huson is quite sick to-day,
and, in fact, has been so since his arrival.
July 31.-The last day of July has come, and
I am still a prisoner.
/The officers have generally formed themselves
into messes, and each mess will now take their
meals together, and contribute by a common fund
to purchase such articles as they choose, beyond
the regular rations of the Government. My own
mess consists of Colonel Corcoran, Captain Griffin, Captain Downey, Captain McIvor, Lieutenant
Bagley, Lieutenant Connelly, Lieutenant Gannon,
and myself. Most of the officers above mentioned, belong to the 69th Regiment of New
York Militia. /
August 1.-The United States House of Representatives passed a resolution to-day, offered by
my colleague, Hon. Robert E. Fenton, with a
preamble as follows:
" Whereas it is currently reported that the
forces now in rebellion against the Government
have certain persons in their hands, one of whom
is Hon. Alfred Ely, a member of this House;
therefore,
" Besolved, That the President be requested




42


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


to furnish this House with any information on
the subject that may have reached him."*
What information the President could have
of my arrest as a prisoner of war, I cannot ima"* The reply of the President to the above resolution is as follows:
" To the House of Representatives:
" In answer to the resolution of the House of Representatives
of yesterday, requesting information regarding the imprisonment
of loyal citizens of the United States by the forces now in rebellion against this Government, I transmit a report from the Secretary of State, and the copy of a telegraphic despatch by which it
was accompanied.
"ABRAHAM      LINCOLN.
"WASHINGTON, August 2, 1861."
"DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON,
August 2, 1861.
"The Secretary of State, to whom was referred the resolution
of the House of Representatives of yesterday, requesting the President to furnish to that House any information he may have in his
possession on the subject of the forces now in rebellion against the
Government having in imprisonment loyal citizens of the United
States, and, among others, the Hon. Alfred Ely, one of the members of the House of Representatives from the State of New York,
has the honor to report to the President that the only information
possessed by this Department on the subject is contained in a telegraphic despatch, a copy of which is annexed.
"1 Respectfully submitted,     WILLIAM H. SEWARD.
" The PRESIDENT."
"UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH.
"Received August 1, 1861; from Richmond, Va., July 31, 1861.
" T0o Hon. WILLIAM H. SEWARD:
"I am here a prisoner; Ely, Arnold Harris, and McGraw are
also here.                              C. HUSON, JB."




A PRISONER OF WAR.


43


gine, unless the memorial signed by all the officers, and forwarded to the President about the
27th ultimo, had reached him at Washington,
which could hardly be possible. He would not
communicate any floating rumors he may have
heard on the subject. What return, therefore,
was made by the Executive in response to the
House resolution, I am not advised.
The newspapers in Richmond have noticed
me by an article in the Dispatch of the 29th ultimo. It simply states that I represent one of the
ultra Black Republican districts in New York
State; that from information derived from gentlemen now attending the Bank Convention in
Richmond, I had been very active in organizing
" wide-awake clubs " in the last campaign; that,
if released, I gave assurance that I would procure the release of the Savannah privateersmen;
and closes with the comment that the " C. S. A."
may deem it advisable for Mr. Ely to procure
their release first, then the Government may
exchange man for man, myself among the number.
The Richmond Examiner of this morning
has a very severe article in regard to myself, and
comments with much bitterness on Senator Henry
Wilson and Hon. Owen Lovejoy, for being at
Manassas.
August 2.-This day has passed without the




44


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


occurrence of any particular event, and I cannot
say that I regret it.
August 3.-The day has been extremely hot,
and the chief business of all parties has been to
keep quiet and cool, and beyond this nothing of
importance has transpired. The "Association"
had a meeting this evening, discussed several
subjects, and listened to several recitations from
the members.
August 4.-There has been only the usual
routine of prison method to-day of spending unoccupied time, and no items of interest to chronicle. Indeed, I do not aim to record, with any
degree of minuteness, all the passing events, even
though they may be of interest.
The " Association " held another meeting today, and Mr. Huson was invited to address the
members, but he was too much indisposed to
comply.
August 5.-To-day, Lieutenant Todd, who,
by the way, is a half-brother of President Lincoln's wife, and at present in the immediate
charge of the prisoners, ordered all the servants
belonging to the different messes out of the
quarters. It was supposed to be for the reason
that through them some of the officers obtained
ardent spirits, and because of a disturbance created this morning by Dr. Lyman H. Stone, a surgeon in the United States Army, who was arrested




A PRISONER OF WAR.


45


at Manassas, and brought here on the 29th ultimo.
Dr. Stone is a highly educated gentleman, unaccustomed to excessive indulgence in liquor, but it
was supposed that the excitement of the battle,
and the circumstances of his arrest, caused him
to drink too freely. He started, after dinner, and
seized the tables, overturning several, dishes and
all, and then laid hold of one or two officers so
roughly, that it was manifest he was in a state
of frenzy.    At last the disturbance became so
great, that one of the lieutenants rushed into
the room with great fury, and seeing Dr. Stone
clenched with one of the officers, and supposing
a fight was going on, cocked his revolver and
demanded that the fight should cease. It was
stopped, and Dr. Stone was taken out of the
prison to a brick building in the rear, and put in
irons.*
"* There was of course nothing wrong in what Lieutenant Todd
did in the above connection, but the outrages subsequently committed by him upon the prisoners are spoken of on all hands in the
most severe terms. The testimony of Corporal Merrill on this
point is as follows:-" Lieutenant.Todd was singularly vicious and
brutal in his treatment of the prisoners, and seldom entered the
prison without grossly insulting some of the prisoners. He invariably entered with a drawn sword in his hand, and his voice and
manners, as he addressed the prisoners, always indicated a desire
to commit some cruel wrong. Upon one occasion, with the flat
edge of his weapon, he severely struck in the face an invalid soldier, who had not obeyed the order to fall in for roll-call with sufficient alacrity. At another time one of the guard, in the presence
and with the sanction of Todd, struck a prisoner upon the head




46


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


August 6.-The Examiner this morning contained the correspondence of Arnold Harris and
Henry Magraw with General Beauregard, in relation to their mission for recovering the body of
Colonel Cameron, who fell in the late battle.
Both of the Federals are still in jail, under the
imputation of being spies. The same paper also
states that Hon. Benjamin Wood has tendered
his services for the release of Colonel Corcoran
and Congressman Ely, and offers to come to Richmond for that purpose. The editor says, "Let
him bring Horace Greeley and Henry Wilson in
exchange."    Mr. Fenton's resolution in the House
is also freely commented upon.
August?.-The day has been excessively hot,
the mercury rising to ninety-six in the shade.
The officers have been lazily playing whist, chess,
dominoes, promenading their quarters, and spending the time as amusingly as possible.
There is nothing of interest to record to-day,
not even    in  the newspapers.      Oh, yes!    The
Examiner contains an interesting letter from Mr.
Thurlow Weed to his paper, reviewing the cause
with the butt-end of his musket." It has been asserted that he
sanctioned the shooting of some of the prisoners who were killed
by the guards, but there appears to be no testimony to that effect.
It is due to the truth of history to insert the above statement, but
it is probable that the subject will hereafter be very fully ventilated
by many persons, who can never forget or forgive the treatment
they received at the hands of this Lieutenant Todd.




A PRISONER OF WA4R.


47


of the recent defeat at Manassas, and rebuking
the haste of such men as Mr. Horace Greeley in
his cry of " On to Richmond," unprepared as was
the army. He makes a gross attack upon the
Postmaster-General, Montgomery Blair, and his
brother, Hon. F. P. Blair, from Missouri. He
speaks of the Cabinet being a unit in concurring
with General Scott in all the measures of the war,
with one exception, meaning Mr. Blair.
August 8.-To-day a young man, (the son of
one of my constituents, residing at Spencerport,
Monroe County,) by the name of John B. Nichols,
and a member of Captain Lewis' Company, 13th
Regiment New York Volunteers, Colonel Quinby, died in the hospital, directly opposite our
quarters. Mr. Nichols was wounded in one of
his legs at the late battle at Manassas. It became
necessary to amputate his leg, and it was done;
but his life could not be saved-he died soon after
the operation.
These facts communicated to me by Mr. W.
Henry Joslyn, of Brockport, orderly sergeant in
the same company, I deemed it my duty to look
after his burial, and to see that his location was
designated in such a manner that his afflicted parents might recover his body hereafter, if they
desired. Accordingly, at my request, the officer
in charge, Lieutenant Marks, had him buried in
the " City" burial-ground, and a permanent plank




48


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


placed at the head of his grave, with the following inscription plainly painted on the board:
"John B. Nichols, Spencerport, N. Y. Died
August 8, 1861."
Mr. Nichols was carefully attended by the
physicians and surgeons of the hospital, and tenderly nursed and cared for by Mr. Joslyn and
Mr. Baldwin, who sat up with him several nights
before his death. I have written to his father,
advising him of his son's death, his burial, and all
the attending circumstances, so far as I am acquainted with them. From Sergeant Joslyn I obtained the names of all the prisoners belonging
to the 13th Regiment, now in Richmond, so far
as he knew them, and they are as follows.*
August 9.-The Charleston iMercury of a recent date, which came into my hands to-day, contains an article, reproduced in the Richmond
Examiner, headed "_Blood for Blood," and signed
" Fair Play." It is said to have been written by
a distinguished gentleman of Charleston, than
whom there is none more respected, borne down
with long service, his head silvered with the
snows of near seventy winters, and who is said to
have expressed the burning feeling of the entire
community, in another article addressed to the
* The names here alluded to are embodied in the complete list,
forming the Appendix to this volume, and are therefore omitted on
this page.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


49


ear of the authorities at Richmond, which also
bears the fascinating caption above named, of
"Blood for Blood." The article first alluded to
comments on our treatment of the privateers of
the Savannah, and, among other things, says:
"Who encouraged our ' militia of the sea'-our
' floating partisans'-to those 'marine deeds' that
now harass the foe? Are these brave men no
longer citizens of this Confederacy, because, under the President's commission, they have ventured on the most hazardous enterprise against ail
usurper and despot?    Shall we waft until the
crew of the Savannah rebuke us from the grave?
The crew of the Savannah hail from Charleston.
They have mothers and sisters who are daily
weeping over their cruel destiny, and they have
fathers and brothers who are impatiently asking
why are they forlorn and cast aside? Let the
muster-roll of the Savannah be obtained, and let
two prisoners (at least) for our one be forwarded
from Richmond to Charleston jail. We have no
yellow fever now, and the extra humanitarians
need not shudder! We say, let these gentlemen
be forthcoming, and Mr. Ely be among the number." Surely such sentiments as these require no
comments from me.
August 10.-This morning a savage article
from a North Carolina paper, makes its appearance in the Examiner, under the caption, "We
3




50


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


are too generous."  It says, among other things:
"C While these fifteen of the chivalrous citizens of
South Carolina, the crew of the Savannah, who
were taken prisoners by the Yankees while pursuing a legitimate business, under a commission
from President Davis, are bound down with irons,
and confined in loathsome dungeons in New York,
it is not right that the officers and Congressmen
taken at Manassas should receive any better treatment. Let the Hon. Mr. Ely be ironed and sent
to Fort Sumter, and there kept in a dungeon till
the Captaii of the Savannah is released."
August 11. —The third Sabbath since my arrest near Manassas has come, and no prospect or
intimation, thus far, indicates any time for our release. The officers are becoming restless under
their confinement, and cannot understand or account *for the apparent indifference and neglect
of our Government, in regard to their condition.
They insist that an exchange of prisoners should
take place, and that immediately. They hear
nothing from our Government in any form, but
rumor; and newspapers state that it declines to
exchange prisoners of war, on the ground that the
act itself would have the effect to recognize the
"Confederate States" as a belligerent power. If
this is the real ground, is it not too late to take
the position? It is well known that one of our
own Generals (McClellan) has already taken as




A PRISONER OF WAR.


51


prisoners at Cheat Mountain, in Western Virginia,
a large number of officers and privates, and that
he released them on their parole until an exchange
of prisoners should take place. If this act is binding upon the Government, does it not, per se, concede them to be belligerents to the same extent
as if an actual exchange, man for man, rank for
rank, had been made? Such is clearly the case,
it seems to me. Suppose it be said, that this exchange has the effect of a recognition of the socalled Confederate States, in phraseology or name
merely, as a separate and independent power in
arms against the United States, and refutes all
idea of its being a mere rebellion, as the United
States maintain, would even this justify the violation of one of the cardinal principles of civilized
warfare?   Should the very men who fight the
battles of the country, and are unfortunately
taken prisoners, be subjected to the hazard of a
second death by confinement in prison? I apprehend not. I venture to assert that the mere act
of an exchange of prisoners does not necessarily
concede the enemy to maintain the high character
of a belligerent, and is'in no sense a recognition
of them as a separate or independent power, as
they are widely different propositions.
No divine service has been had to-day.
August 12.-The Dispatch of this morning
informs the public that "the New York Tribune




52


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


says Mrs. Jefferson Davis is exerting her influence
at Richmond to procure the release of Hon. Alfred B. Ely, who is among the prisoners there."
The Examiner of to-day charges me with having addressed a note to Abraham Lincoln, at
Washington, and adds: " How this communication
was effected, does not appear; and what its con.
tents were, are generally the subjects of mystery
to the Northern papers, which, besides referring
to it as stating that Mr. Ely was a prisoner at
Richmond, add nothing further than that it was
laid before the House of Representatives at Washington, enclosed with a message from President
Lincoln."
This communication is said to be dated on the
first day of August, and the impression sought to
be given by this article in its comments is, that
I had communicated with the President of the
United States surreptitiously, and without submitting that communication to the authorities at
Richmond before sending it, in disobedience to
their orders.
I took occasion immediately to contradict this
insinuation, by addressing a line to that effect, to
General Winder. No doubt the author of that
article had learned in some manner that a communication had been received by the President
from the Richmond prisoners, myself among the
number, and may have heard that I drafted the




A PRISONER OF WAR.


53


paper. This was true. The document, however,
was simply a petition signed by the officers and
civilians, on the day after our arrival at Richmond, addressed to the President of the United
States, urging upon him the propriety of adopting measures, by exchange or otherwise, for our
speedy release.
This is the same document referred to by me
under date of the 24th ultimo, and was duly submitted to Brigadier-General Winder, who stated
that it must be submitted also to the Secretary
of War before it could be forwarded.
August 13.-The Southern papers call us all,
without distinction of birth or nationality, " Yankee prisoners."
General Winder called this morning to see
me, and said he received my letter in regard to
the article in the Examiner, and remarked jocosely that he thought my " skin was thick
enough not to pay any attention to newspaper
articles."
He seemed unusually pleasant, and inquired
how we got along, &c. He remarked, on looking
about the quarters, that Mr. Huson did not lose
much flesh, and wondered how Secretary Seward
could get along, as Mr. Huson was his private
secretary. I instantly replied, " General, that is
a mistake, he is not the private secretary of Mr.




54


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Seward." "Oh yes, he is, we have ascertained
that," was his answer.
The Examiner reproduces this morning a letter, or, rather, a statement, from  the New York
Tribune, made by Mr. Julius Bing, a German by
birth, a British subject by naturalization, and a
litterateur by profession.
This statement is dated at Washington, Thursday, August 1, 1861, and says: " Mr. Bing went
over to Bull Run on the morning of the battle,
in a carriage with Senator Foster, of Connecticut,
and Representative Ely, of New York. In the
m14e of the retreat, he became separated from
his companions, and was making his way through
the woods, when he came suddenly upon a party
of rebel soldiers, who took him prisoner."
In another part of the statement he again
refers to me by saying, "Hon. Alfred Ely is well
treated, and may be released." The statement
of Mr. Bing occupies an entire column of the
Examiner, and is replete with errors. I quote
from it only such paragraphs as relate to myself,
more particularly, to remark that this gentleman,
at the solicitation of Senator Foster, was permitted to take a seat in our carriage, an entire
stranger-to me before. I supposed from his conversation on our drive, that he was an Italian
by birth, but knew nothing of him    or his history.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


55


We parted with him on the top of the hill at
Centreville, where our carriage first halted, and I
saw nothing of him afterward; but supposed he
had returned safely to Washington, until my attention was called to his statement in this morning's paper.
There -has been an unusual crowd of visitors
to call upon me to-day, and some of my fellowprisoners suggest that I be caged and a visiting fee charged; I think I am pretty well caged
already.
A delegation of gentlemen from the State of
Tennessee, among whom was the officer who arrested and brought to Richmond the Hon. T. A.
R. Nelson, late a member of Congress from that
State, held a conversation of some length with
me this morning. It was of a general character,
relating chiefly to the exchange of prisoners, and
the ground of refusal taken by our Government.
In the afternoon a party of gentlemen from
Florida detained me and others by the longest
interview I have granted to any persons since my
imprisonment. One gentleman especially seemed
desirous to draw me into the discussion of politics. I do not know whether designedly or not,
but I regret that I allowed myself to talk on the
subject at all, for it may be that all I say is misconstrued and distorted. One of the gentlemen
said he called on me to ascertain if I was ac



56


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


quainted with an English family at Rochester,
living, he thought, on North street, by the name
of Robinson, and.stated that a daughter of Mr.
Robinson was a governess in his fanily in Florida, and was acquainted with my little daughter
"Carrie." I could not recollect any such person.
John B. Ashmore, M. C. of the 36th Congress,
called upon me late this afternoon, and remained
with me quite a long time. He resides in South
Carolina, and represented his district in Congress
from that State. He had only arrived in town
yesterday, on business, and intended to leave tomorrow morning. He proposed to have an interview with Jefferson Davis this evening, and would
say a kind word to him in my behalf. This was
really the most heartfelt and sympathizing call I
have received since' my imprisonment, and I
thanked him with the warmest cordiality.
To-day I wrote Mrs. Ely, and have done so as
frequently as I have had opportunity; by night
and day do I think of her and my dear children,
and know well the keenness of their sorrow at
my imprisonment, and I greatly fear its effects
upon her nervous sensibility, and am grieved
when I think of the sleepless nights which
my imprudence must have occasioned her. Oh,
could I but help myself! Could I fly to my
blessed home and family, and relieve them this
night from the agony of suspense as to my safety




A PRISONER OF WAR.


and return, what joy unspeakable would fill my
heart! But I am weeping over this page, and
will not indulge longer in these.unhappy thoughts.
August 14.-Being excluded pretty much
from the " outer world," and from the reading of
all newspapers excepting those published in. this
city, these have become intensely interesting to
us, and are seized in the early morning on the arrival of the newsboys, and read by many even
before they rise from their cots; and, as I have
been the subject of so many comments in the
Southern journals, when I take up a paper I expect to find myself gloriously abused in its pages.
This morning one of the officers, reading the
Examiner before I got off from my cot, sung out
at the top of his voice, " Ely, you have got another thump." It was from a letter in that paper,
prefaced by some remarks, under the following
caption:
"A CLERGYMAN AT THE BATTLE OF MANASSAS;-HE MEETS
WITH HON. MR. ELY.
"Reverend Joseph Cross, chaplain of Colonel
Bates' Tennessee Regiment, writes to the Christian Advocate some interesting letters from the
seat of war. We extract the following from his
last:
"I saw a dense crowd and walked toward it;
within were many prisoners, sitting, lying, walk3*




58


8OURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ing about; some sad, and others sullen; some
evidently uneasy, others apparently quite indifferent, and here and there affecting jocularity.
There were several of Wilson's cut-throat gang,
and three of 'Ellsworth's Zouaves.' The latter
said. they did not know whether another of their
number had escaped death, but believed themselves the only survivors.
"There was a little man, with a wicked wolfish look, as restless as a hyena in a cage. It was
the Honorable Alfred Ely, member of Congress
from Rochester, New York. Our Captain, Clusky,
having been acquainted with him in Washington,
stepped up and took his hand. Most piteously
the prisoner implored the interposition in his behalf of a man whom, a few hours before, he would
gladly have seen slaughtered. Captain Clusky
introduced him to our gallant colonel.
"'Your servant, Colonel Bates,' said the prisoner, bowing obsequiously, 'I am glad to meet
you; you see I am in a bad fix.'
"' (Yes, sir,' said the colonel, 'you are, for a
member of Congress, in a very bad fix.' 'But
you see,' rejoined the honorable gentleman, throwing open the breast of his coat,' I am unarmed,
nothing but a penknife, no uniform; merely a
spectator, came out with Senator Foster to see the
battle; but unfortunately ventured too far, and
was taken.'




A PRISONER OF WAR.


59


"' Mr. Ely,' replied the colonel, 'a battle-field
is no place for a civilian. You are a member of
Congress, sir, and the representative of at least
ninety thousand people, and do you think yourself a cipher in a scene like this? No, sir; the
moral influence of your presence was worth a
hundred soldiers to our enemies. Are you not a
lawyer, Mr. Ely ' 'Yes, sir,' said Mr. Ely,' I
am a lawyer.'
" ' Then, sir,' Col. B. continued, ' you know
that, by your presence, you are aiding and abetting this cruel and bloody assault upon us. It is
a principle of law which you are accustomed to
recognize elsewhere, and which you are obliged to
acknowledge here.' He assented, with a sheepish
look, and continued his absurd apology, which
the colonel thus cut short:
" 'Mr. Ely, we are glad to see you here; we
want you with us, and cannot consent to part
with you soon. There are men at Washington
for whom we may be willing to exchange you
hereafter, if, indeed, you should not be hanged,
as you deserve.'"
Such is the extract of a clergyman's letter to
a Christian journal, after describing several sad
spectacles which the reverend gentleman alleges
to have witnessed at Manassas. It only remains
for me to deny, in the most positive terms, the
whole of this statement, and to express my sur



60


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


prise that a man, professing to be a follower of
the Saviour of the world, should be guilty of
such gross and miserable falsehoods. The wickedness which must harbor in the heart of a man
who could thus wilfully utter such malicious untruths against any fellow-being, cannot be too
severely condemned, and I give his assault in
full, simply to exhibit the character of the hatred
and folly, of which this is a specimen,. which
seem  to animate the Southern people in their
efforts to destroy the Union.
To-day, to my great joy, I received a letter
from my wife-and, to my astonishment, written
to me from Washington, dated August 1st. It
has been thirteen days on the way. My son Joseph is with his mother. Her letter indicates
her great grief at my misfortune, and states that
she could not ascertain, before her arrival at
Washington, whether I was living or not. Her
letter is evidently written under restraint, with
the knowledge that it would be read by the authorities at Richmond before it was delivered to
me. She says that she will remain in Washington a few days, and, unless she hears from me,
will then return home. Thirteen days have already elapsed, and I suppose she has now gone
to Rochester. I shall be tempted to read her
letter regularly every day, until I receive a second
one from her.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


61


Upon the envelope of her letter, in pencil,
was written: " Rec'd, with a note from Mrs. Ely,
requesting   its immediate delivery."       (Signed)
"J. D." *
The Examiner has, this morning, under the
telegraphic head, the following:
" TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN, FROM. HON. MR. ELY.
" Washington, August 14.-Congressman Ely
has sent a letter to Lincoln, in which, it is understood, he decidedly favors the recognition of the
Confederacy, in so far as an exchange of prisoners
is concerned."
August 15.-This day has been spent without
incident, so far as the distinguished guests of the
Richmond prison are concerned. One feature,
however, of this morning's papers is to be noticed:
Not one word about " Hon. Alfred Ely" appears.
I wrote my wife to-day, by private opportunity. The weather has suddenly become cool,
and it is necessary that I should have some warm
covering at night. I have heretofore had nothing
over me, and have slept in my clothes. Quartermaster Murphy has kindly loaned me one of his
"* During this visit of Mrs. Ely to Washington, she remarked to
a friend, that she had written a letter to Mr. Jefferson Davis respecting her husband, enclosing one for him at the same time, and
from that circumstance it is safe to infer that the initials mean
Jefferson Davis. If so, it is due to him that he should have the
credit of even this trifling act of official condescension.




62


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


red blankets, which will make me more comfortable.
August 16.-The Dispatch this morning has
the same telegraphic news alluded to yesterday,
from Washington, but styles President Lincoln,
my late master.
I received a letter to-day from A. J. Wellman, Esq., a banker at Friendship, Alleghany Co.,
New York, inquiring about the safety of his
brother, J. G. Wellman, a private in the 27th
Regiment N. Y. S. M., under Col. Slocum. I
found him at the Prison Hospital, wounded in
the calf of the right leg, but now getting well.
I replied to the letter at once, giving the desired
information. The young wounded soldier seemed
revived upon receiving tidings from home. Mr.
Wellman, in his letter, mentions having seen Mrs.
Ely and my son at Washington, last week, very
well, but very anxious about me.
August 17.-The crowd of visitors had become so numerous that I have requested the
General Commandant to discriminate and curtail
the passes to the prison. No visitors have been
at our quarters to-day. The public journals have
made me so conspicuous that every stranger
coming to Richmond seems to seek an interview
with the " Yankee prisoner." Indeed, if fond of
such notoriety I might almost be a " lion" in
this renowned city. The commissary this morn



A PRISONER OF WAR.


63


ing remarked that he could make one hundred
dollars per day from admission fees to see me,
by citizens and strangers. A Yankee Congressman, how attractive!    Barring the music, this
cage of American citizens reminds me of Barnum's Museum; instead, however, of seeing
" What is it? " some of us feel inclined to say,
"was there ever any thing like it" in a Christian land?   Yesterday a gentleman from     uptown offered five dollars for a sight. Our outside doors and sidewalks are so constantly crowded
with visitors that it is with difficulty the guard
can keep them at a distance.
A company of gentlemen yesterday afternoon,
who could not gain admission, desired that the
guard would point out Mr. Ely as he passed the
door. Presently, Capt. Drew, of Vermont, was
passing in sight of those gentlemen, and some
of the officers who heard this request, pointed to
Capt. Drew as the person they desired to see, and
he was cordially saluted by the admiring crowd
outside. I informed the captain that he was at
liberty to continue this personification, as it would
greatly relieve me.
This evening, while at supper, our good.
natured commissary came rushing through the
prison wrapped in two beautiful white blankets,
and proclaimed that these robes belonged to
Jef. Davis once, but he had sent them to Mr.




64


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Ely. The blankets were very acceptable and
much needed by me. I am not able to answer
for the truth of the commissary's statement, but
very much question it. It is enough for me to
know, that I own the blankets. I intend this
night, for the first time in four weeks, to sleep
" separate and apart" from my pantaloons.
August 18.-Time, very unexpectedly to me,
has passed quite rapidly since my arrest four
weeks ago at Manassas. It is a fit day to reflect
upon my misfortune. I intend it shall not pass
without attending divine service. The evening
has been properly spent; regular church service
by the Rev. Mr. Mines, and a sermon preached
by the Rev. Mr. Church, of Rhode Island.
The prison quarters have all day been surrounded 'by a crowd of visitors, but no one was
permitted to enter.
August 19.-The correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer says: " The case of Mr. Ely.I am able to state that the story of Mr. Ely's
having been   employed in ditching    or other
menial employment, is entirely untrue. He has
been uniformly well treated, and has fared sumptuously every day. Surgeon Norval, of the 79th
New York Regiment, brought a letter from him
to President Lincoln," &c., &c., &c.
The papers announce this morning that Hon.
A. R. Boteler, late a representative in the United




A PRISONER OF WTAR.


65


States Congress, was arrested last Tuesday morning at his house by two hundred Yankees, and
taken across the Potomac to General Banks'
quarters, by whom he was courteously treated
and immediately discharged. The Maryland papers have various reports concerning his arrest.
One says " that he was captured and was to be
held in exchange for Mr. Ely; that is an exchange, however, that will not work, as Mr. B.
is not now a member of Congress, while Mr. E.
is."  Another paper, Winchester (Va.) Republican, in giving a detailed account of the arrest
says, among other things: " What their object in
this arrest can be, no one can surmise, unless it
be to hold him as a hostage for the delivery of
Congressman Ely, taken at the battle of Manassas. But this can hardly be the case, as Ely
was captured as an enemy in arms on the field
of battle, whilst Mr. Boteler is but a private
gentleman, a member of the Legislature, it is true,
but can in no way be considered a prisoner of
war or treated as such."
The Washington papers stated some days
since that Mr. Faulkner, late United States Minister to France, had been arrested in Washington,
and is now a prisoner of war.
The telegraphic report to the Dispatch, says:
"It is stated that Minister Faulkner was arrested




66


JOURNAL OF ATLFREBD ELY,


as a hostage for Messrs. Ely, McGraw, and others.
No non-combatants are prisoners."
Some poet or poetess has perpetrated the following lines " upon the stampede of Members of
Congress and others from the battle-field near
Manassas."
"THE RACES.
"TUNE, ' Maid of Mionterey.
"The great Manassas races, the greatest of the year,
With eighty thousand cases of panic-stricken fear,
Were run one Sabbath evening, and the succeeding night,
With speed beyond believing, impelled by dread of fight.
"Their cannon were deserted-their guns were thrown away,
And, as by all asserted, they ran till break of day;
Left wounded, dead and dying, all strow'd upon the ground,
And never stopp'd their flying till Washington they found.
"A certain Mister Ely, a member of the hump,
Who ran awhile too freely, then hid behind a stump,
Came but to see the battle, nor dreamed of such a rout,
Shook till his teeth did rattle, when Mullins pulled him out.
"Another legislator, and Gurly was his name,
Who ran a little later, but not with better fame,
Seized on another's bridle, as he drove on to town,
But 'twas no time to idle, the driver knocked him down.
"The Generals and the Colonels were foremost in the run;
Scared by the ' mask'd infernals,' they fled for Arlington,
Leaving their men behind them, to come as best they could,
Or let the rebels find them, or slay them if they would.
"The cavalry rode freely, went dashing over men,
But not so fast as Greeley, as one is less than ten;
The Long Bridge they were crossing, a little after night,
And every thing went tossing, that intercepted flight.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


467


"At Centreville the rally was but a moment long,
A rebel picket sally (about a hundred strong)
Was made with much shouting, twelve furlongs back behind,
Which issued in the routing of every sort and kind.
"The stand at Fairfax lasted a little longer still,
But here again was blasted their little stock of will;
They scampered off affrighted, and scarcely looked behind,
"With every prospect blighted, and all of hope resigned.
"The ' Kangaroo' was waiting to hear of battle gained,
With infernal wine inflated, with black dishonor stained,
Then sunk below cold zero, where mercury grows hard,
A bogus western hero, whom all should now discard."
The author signs the aforesaid poetry "Viator," and hails from     Timmonsville, Darlington,
South Carolina. This is the second time in my
life that I have risen to the consideration of poetical notice. Let no unkind historian say, that
I have gone down the tide of time "unnoticed
and unsung."
August 20.-The old commissary came from
town this afternoon and tells us that he will give
Jefferson Davis one thousand dollars a year for
the prisoners' quarters with the right to charge
two shillings' admission fee to exhibit Congressman Ely-one Tennesseean having offered him
twenty-five dollars to admit him, with the privi.
lege of conversation for half an hour. All passes
are cut off, which is certainly an improvement to
our comfort.
General Winder and several military gentle



68


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


men called upon the officers to-day, but nothing
"was said in regard to an exchange of prisoners.
This question does not attract the attention
of our Government with the solicitude that belongs to its importance.      The release of the
Savannah privateers, now in the Tombs under
indictment for piracy, is insisted upon by the
" Confederate Government," upon like terms as
other prisoners of war. Our Government claims
that they are pirates and amenable to our laws
a7 such.
I apprehend that public sentiment will very
soon urge upon Mr. Lincoln the necessity of an
exchange. I have already referred to this subject,
and I have seen no reason to change views heretofore expressed.
Prisoners of war must be exchanged whatever
may be the direct or implied consequences.
August 21.-The       weather has been      mild
and balmy to-day; and liberty vouchsafed to us,
is all that is wanting to complete our happiness.
Several new prisoners who were wounded at
the battle of Manassas, and taken to the hospital,
on their arrival here, have so far recovered as to
be brought to the officers' quarters this morning.* /
* Although it was for a long time a very difficult matter for
the Union prisoners in Richmond to have themselves exchanged for
rebel prisoners in the North, the exchanges that took place between




A PRISONER OF WAR.


69


The Examiner of to-day says:
" Some'Northern papers, aside from the report
of the occupation of Mr. Ely in ditching, are anxiously exercised about his real condition. One
the hospitals and prisons in Richmond were frequent. The necessity for these was generally imperative, but which of the two
parties had the best time, would be hard to decide. That the
soldiers who were confined in the upper stories of the prison, had
not even the most common necessaries of life, is proven by the
following note written by one of them to his friend in the hospital.
TOBACCO WAREHOUSE, Aug. 25, 1861.
DEAR -: Have you got or can you get me a shirt or two,
and a pair of drawers? I am almost entirely naked. The shirt I
have on, I have worn for nearly three weeks. It was very much
torn when I put it on, and now it is all in ribbons. My woollen
shirt, drawers, and a pair of stockings are somewhere in the hospital. I don't suppose you can find them, but if you possibly can,
do send at least a shirt, if no more. If you can't, heaven only
knows what will become of me. I am very much in need of a
towel also.
My wound is getting along well-indeed I am getting stronger.
There are quite a number of our regiment here, but none from our
company. Please give my kindest regard to Sister Rose, and tell
her I most heartily wish myself back under her care.
P. S.-If you can get a piece of corn bread, send that along too.
"We don't see any of that article in these parts.
Another prisoner, who was for a time among the "high livers,"
informs us that the condition above described was characteristic
of a large proportion of the prisoners; yet there were many whose
privations were even worse. The prison discipline, according to
his experience, was as follows:-Between six and seven they were
aroused by roll-call. Between eight and nine they received their
morning rations, consisting of bread, beef, and water. The individual allowance was in quantity about one-half what a well man
would naturally'require. Their second and only other ration was




70


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


of the papers seeks to relieve this anxiety by
mentioning the interesting circumstance that a
letter from   him was written to his wife in a bold
andfirm hand, as an evidence of the maintenance
of his usual bodily faculties. Mr. Ely himself
contradicts these unwholesome reports in his letter to President Lincoln. The New Orleans Delta
says, that when Messrs. Pryor, Keitt, Boyce, and
Bocock called upon Mr. Ely he melted into tears
and threw    his arms around Keitt's neck."       My
interview with these gentlemen was held in the
presence of at least, three hundred persons, and
was of the most courteous character; and I know
all these gentlemen too well to believe for one
moment that either would countenance the circulation of a report like the above, which has no
foundation in truth.
August 22.-This day has been one of unusual
gloom to me; thoughts of home and my business
have oppressed me. The fact that I am a subject
of so much public attraction and comment does
not relieve me, as others about me think it should.
Still it is not a dishonorable notoriety, one which
received between four and five in the afternoon, and consisted of
bread and soup, (the beef dispensed in the morning being taken
from the " slops" of the day previous.) This was the standard
bill of fare. The prisoners, sick and well, were compelled to accept
"it or-go without. A few of their number had blankets, and some
of these were exchanged for edibles which could.not be procured
in any other way.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


71


follows the commission of crime, and I am thankful to God for that; I could not endure my incarceration if it were so. I am a prisoner on account
of my public position, and a victim for entertaining sentiments in common with twenty millions
of freemen.
[Many persons will perpetrate dishonorable
acts for the sake of notoriety; and it too frequently happens that they have been successful
in acquiring fame arising out of incidents contemptible in themselves.
Members of Congress, more frequently than
other public characters, perhaps, illustrate this
truth. A mere challenge to mortal combat in a
duel, or its counterpart acceptance, even though
embarrassed by conditions so cowardly that they
defeat the conflict, have been sufficient to immortalize a coward and nationalize his bravery. The
mighty swell raised by the press sweeps over the
nation with its wave of public sentiment, and a
lucky wight he is who rides successfully upon its
billows; so does it deal with the reputation of
men, that obscurity would be the lot of thousands
in their country's history except for the press.
I have been led to these remarks by the position I now so unwillingly occupy. The newspapers, North and South, have contributed to introduce me to public consideration as a prisoner of
war, more extensively, if not more favorably, than




72


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


any ordinary services in the halls of Congress
would likely have secured. Be the result what
it may, it arises from the misfortune of my situation, and the world knows that it is one no human
being would envy.
Many distinguished visitors have sought access
to-day, but have been refused. The good old
commissary, by particular request, desired to introduce me to some personal friends of his from
the city of Natchez, Mississippi, and I consented.
Rev. C. K. Marshall, D. D., a gentleman of fine
appearance and address, is, I am informed, a divine
of remarkable power and eloquence. W. C.
Sneedes, Esq., of Vicksburg, who is a lawyer of
celebrity in Mississippi, and I think one of the
common law reporters for that State, presented
me with his letter, in pamphlet form, in vindication of the " Southern Confederacy," addressed to
H. H. E., Esq., of New York City, which Le desired me to read. I assured him I would do so.
The other gentleman was Mr. McAffee, of Natchez, who is now a candidate for the office of
Governor of that State. I was highly pleased
with this interview-with the pleasing courtesy
and dignity of their conversation, unmingled with
any expression of false sympathy for my situation.
At four o'clock this afternoon, an officer of
the " Confederate Army," with the rank of First




A PRISONER OF WAR.


13


Lieutenant, desired to see me, and he was admitted.
He introduced himself as Mr. W. B. Brockett,
Lieutenant in a Louisiana regiment, and a relative
of Mrs. Emily J. Moulder, of Washington CityI think a cousin. I greeted the gentleman with
unusual cordiality on account of his Washington
relatives, and talked with great freedom  about
the unhappy difficulties of the country. He was
a gentleman of military bearing and polite conversation, and soon sought to apologize for his introduction, as a stranger, by narrating the following incident.
He said that, happening to go into the office
of the "'Secretary of War," in Richmond, where
all our letters are first sent for examination, he
accidentally saw a letter addressed to the abovenamed lady, and, although he did not say so, I
inferred that his curiosity had led him to peruse
it. He informed me that he had been in Richmond about two months, and was now ready to
move forward to the battle-field at Manassas.
This afternoon a large number of visitors have
been admitted, but I declined to see or converse
with but few. One person called upon me just at
twilight, whom I was pleased to see. It was Mr.
Branch, of the firm of Thomas Branch & Sons,
of Petersburg, Va. He brought me a letter to
read, addressed to their firm from Thayer, Brig4




74


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ham & Field, of Boston, and written by Barnum
W. Field of that firm, who is a cousin of my wife.
The letter certainly was of the most friendly
and sympathizing character. He calls upon these
gentlemen to visit Richmond and see me, and to
loan me what money I required to make me comfortable in every particular. He proceeds to say,
that my wife and children are in great distress at
my situation, and in very flattering language describes my social position and even my political
status. He alluded to his uncle, Joseph Field, as
former Mayor of Rochester, and once the Democratic candidate for Congress from my Congressional District.
Mr. Branch offered me all-the money I wanted,
and told me to draw upon their firm for whatever
else I needed. I thanked hint in as kind a manner as I could for his proffered assistance and his
politeness, but declined taking money from him,
although I had not at the time a single cent. He
urged me so strongly, that I finally consented to
borrow a sum sufficient for my present necessities.
He left me after a long interview of a truly interesting character; and the officer of the day, who
was present, participated in the lively and pleasant conversation between us.
Auqgust 24.-I have to-day written to my wife,
and, at the suggestion of Mr. Branch yesterday,
I have sent the letter to their mercantile house




A PRISONER OF WAR.


at Petersburg, to forward to Rochester. I also
wrote a letter to those gentlemen, thanking them
for the kind manner in which they had interested
themselves in my behalf, and requested them to
forward the letter. I delivered it to General
Winder, who said it should be sent immediately,
and paid him five cents postage.
It affords me sincere pleasure to have it in my
power to acknowledge the several acts of generous kindness occasionally extended to me during
my sojourn at Richmond, the courteous deport.
ment which to persons situated as we were afforded
us so much consolation amid our sufferings, and
which we sometimes received from parties upon
whom we had no other claim than that of human
beings in distress, appealing to the sympathies of
their more fortunate fellow-creatures. My experience has led me to the belief, that, amid all the
frenzy and bitterness of animosity which some
facts force us to believe pervade a large proportion of the people of the South toward the North,
there exist many and bright examples among
them of true Christian, high-minded gentlemen,
and men imbued with the loftiest qualities which
ought to characterize men. It has sometimes occurred to me, in dwelling upon the reminiscence
of such acts of kindness, extended to me.by those
to whom I was an entire stranger, that beneath
this outward manifestation of generous sympathy,




76


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


there really existed an under current of genuine
loyalty, of fond recollections of the times when a
fraternal affection bound together the different
sections of our then happy land, which, while
cherishing local attachments, discarded all geographical animosities and jealousies.    It may,
perhaps, be found true, that in numerous instances there might be discovered in unison both
these springs of action.
A communication from Mr. Walker, " Secretary of War of the C. S. A.," was sent to me today by the privates, to whom it was addressed,
that the officers might consult as to what action
should be taken upon it. The letter is addressed
to Dr. Hagadorn and some fifty privates, on the
subject of exchange of prisoners. It takes no new
ground. Assuredly it is time that this question
should receive the decided action of our Government.
August 25.-To-day I wrote a letter to my son,
and paid fifty cents to the postmaster, to insure its
carriage. Col. Summer, of a Florida regiment, and
some other gentlemen from the same State, called
to see me this morning, and he stated that Mr.
Mullins and Mr. Harrington, of the South Carolina
regiment, who arrested me, were intimate friends
of his..He remarked that Colonel Cash talked
pretty roughly to me on that occasion. His language indicated, as it appeared to me, that he




A PRISONER OF WAR.


77


sought to apologize somewhat for the treatment
I had experienced from the colonel on the field
of battle; but he did not, perhaps, so intend it.
I will say that Col. Summer is a very elegant gentleman, and adverted to my situation with that
kindness which is proof of his qualities in that respect, and I estimate his character accordingly.
He expressed a desire that the " C. S. A. Government" would exchange me for some gentleman
now held as a prisoner by our Government, but
did not name the person. I replied that I was
quite willing that it should be done.
SThe prison to-day has been crowded, on the
outside, with men, women, and children, gazing
upon the " Yankees." The street has been filled
with fashionable carriages, stopping in front of
our quarters; and the occupants appeared to be
genteel people; at the same time, such visits for
mere curiosity, especially for ladies, do not prove
either delicacy or refinement. A splendid carriage halted at the door, containing a military
officer and a fashionably dressed lady, who, it was
said, was Miss Butt, an authoress, from Norfolk,
Virginia.
Some artist, with his paper and pencil in
hand, is at the door among the crowd, endeavoring to catch a glimpse at me, if I should promenade in front of the door and windows, to draw
my portrait; and it would not surprise me if




JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


a poor prisoner like myself, should embellish an
illustrated paper.
The commissary came into the prison to-day,
and said that a stranger had come from Pocahontas, Tenn., a distance of one thousand miles, to
see Mr. Ely, and wanted to be able to say to his
neighbors, on his return home, that he had seen
the Yankee Congressman. I at first refused to
gratify the old man, but some of the officers desired me to indulge his curiosity. They further
urged me to put on a broad-brimmed white hat,
and an old black coat, ragged and torn, and to
pass carelessly in front of the door. The commissary then returned to the excited Southerner,
in order to point out the Congressman when he
should pass the door. After being thus equipped,
I went to the door, and, with an air of indifference, looked out into the street, whereupon the
commissary remarked in a quick tone of voice,
as he pointed to me, " that's him." The old man
strained every nerve to see the object of his search,
and after gazing for a while, was heard to exclaim,
" Hell and blazes! is that the feller I cum so far
to see.  Well, well, I'm satisfied."
I trust that no one will believe me vain
enough to misconstrue all this inordinate curiosity to see me into any respect for me personally, or on account of any renown in public
service. Nor am I so dull as not to appreciate




A PRISONER OF WAR.


the wide distinction between reputation and
mere notoriety.  I am   strictly a political prisoner; and it may be, as it certainly has been,
said that my votes and speeches in the council of
the nation are crimes against the " Confederate
States;" and if so, it is too late to repair the
injury that has been done, even if I were so disposed. This view of the case has been assumed
by all the South, from Richmond to New Orleans, and most unmercifully have they denied
me all quarter or extenuation. To the newspapers, therefore, may be traced the celebrity
which has grown out of my imprisonment.
This fly-leaf closes my journal for the day;
and I am happy to terminate it with the evidence
on its page that to-day, being the Sabbath, services
after the Episcopal form were held, and a short
sermon was preached by Rev. John F. Mines.*
August 26.-Little did     I anticipate, even
within a brief period, that I should on this day
find myself a prisoner of war, occupied in writing
an account of my imprisonment within the walls
which confine me. I did hope long before this that
some steps would be taken by the United States
Government for our release. But we are disappointed, and remain prisoners yet. To be idle, I
"* This closes one of five pocket blank-books in which the journal was written.




80


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


cannot; so I shall continue to write on, and make
a faithful record of such events as really occur
within the commonwealth     of the Richmond
prison.
The famous Mr. Haxhall, the Richmond miller, called  to see me to-day. The " Haxhall
Flour" is world-renowned. He informed me that
his mill contained thirty runs of burr stone, and
he manufactured flour, chiefly for Brazil and other
Southern markets. The wheat raised      in the
North, upon limestone soil, made into flour, does
not answer for a Southern climate, because it
sours. This gentleman had very much to say
touching our national troubles, and, although a
Union man before Lincoln's Proclamation was
made, calling for seventy-five thousand men, he
was now for final separation. He stated many
extravagancies indulged in by Southern citizens,
in respect to the number and conduct of our
troops, and condemned in severe terms the arrests
of Southern citizens, recently made by the United
States Government. Like most of the gentlemen
who have conversed with me, he took occasion
to assure me, that secession and separation was
an undivided sentiment throughout the entire
South; that while the South would, of course,
suffer greatly in all its various interests, the suffering would be infinitely greater in the North;
that the war in no way interrupted agricultural




A PRISONER OF WAR.


81


pursuits, because in peace or war the entire labor
was performed by slaves, and the South subsisted
mainly on its agricultural productions; but in the
North it was different: the farmers' sons and the
mechanics made up the       Northern army, and
those great interests must decline while so many
were withdrawn from those vocations. There
is much force in this argument, but it should be
remembered that the North has twenty millions
from which to select her army, while the South,
now in actual rebellion, has less than eight millions, including the slave population; so that it
could very well be said that an army of five hundred thousand could be levied without detriment
to any industrial interest of the North, or even
be missed from the remaining millions.
One fact is undeniable: the Southern troops
are, to a very considerable extent, composed of
the wealthy as well as of the poor citizens; the
planter and the planter's son, the cotton and
tobacco growers and their sons, are not unfrequently in the ranks of the same company, all
defending (as they say) the liberties of the Confederacy. I have had much intercourse with the
officers, and some with the soldiers in the ranks,
and I can bear witness to striking instances of
great wealth and liberal and professional education in the mere soldier. The inference is plain
-every man at the South is expected to bear
4*




82


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


arms, whatever be his condition in life. Their
teaching is, that this is a war of subjugation,
repugnant to the spirit of a free people, in conflict with the right of self-government, and involves in the contest their peculiar institutions,
their firesides, and homes. It cannot be otherwise than that a people entertaining these views,
however erroneous in fact, will fight long and
bravely, even to the very verge of extermination.
It is equally plain that Southern troops are of
the composition indicated above, from a necessity
of the case. There is not, as in the North, a
middle class of population. It is the planter, the
master-the slave comes next.
I did not intend to be led into any reflections
of this character, or to discuss the merits of a
conflict which, if successful, would blot out forever from civilization its last hopes of successful
experiment in self-government. That the great
rebellion will be successful I cannot for a moment
consider possible.
August 27.-My time has been almost entirely consumed by gentlemen calling to-day to
see me. A South Carolinian, by the name of
Mullins, sent for me this morning to visit the
office of Commandant Gibbs, to make some inquiry.   I soon ascertained his business.      He
stated that he wished to see me, not from motives of curiosity-but his brother was one of




A PRISONER OF WAR.


83


the officers in the South Carolina regiment who
arrested me; that the South Carolina papers, and
other Southern journals, had published my name
as Alfred B. Ely, and this Mr. Ely having been
a school teacher of his, he was concerned to know
if I was the same person. He discovered his
mistake, and after informing him that there was
a person in Boston by that name, I retired.
I had no sooner returned to my quarters, than
I was sent for by Governor Winslow of North
Carolina, and Alexander Bryant, and an officer
of the Confederate Army. I returned again, and
met my esteemed friend Warren Winslow, who
was a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress with
me; the other gentlemen were strangers, with
whom I had but a few words of general character. Gov. Winslow tendered me his services, to
do for me any favor in his power, but thought
it improbable that his Government would allow
me my parole, under the circumstances;-a request, by the way, which I had never made. It
seemed from his conversation, that he had been
very actively engaged in preparations for the
war; and one of the gentlemen remarked, in the
course of the interview, that the Governor had
been the means of sending into the field thirty
thousand men from the State of North Carolina.
The Governor is strictly a politician, a man of
ability, and apparently of great fairness and can



84


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


dor. He had almost unbounded sway among
Southern men in the U. S. House of Representatives, and was regarded as one of the able men
to whom leading politicians of the Southern
school looked for counsel in their contest with
the North.
Colonel Summers, of a Florida regiment, who
called upon me with other gentlemen, on Sunday
last, was to-day the officer in command, and he
took occasion to introduce a large number of his
friends, chiefly officers of the army. He himself
being so much of a gentleman, I endeavored to
treat all his friends in a corresponding manner,
who came so well endorsed. It is out of my
power to retain the names of the many persons
who visit me, and although it would add much
to my writing, I would do so if it were possible.
A new captive officer arrived this afternoonCaptain Roswell A. Fish, of the 32d New York
Volunteers, captured on Saturday last. He was
sent out with a body of troops to station pickets,
and went forward with two of his men to reconnoitre, and was surprised by Confederate troops,
who fired upon them, killing both his men and
taking him prisoner.
August 28.-Happily to-day there is very
little for my Journal-a single incident and I am
done.
The Honorable George Eustis, Jr., late mem



A PRISONER OF WAR.


85


ber of U. S. Congress from Louisiana, and son-inlaw of W. W. Corcoran, Esq., the famous Washington banker, called with his brother to see me
this afternoon, under the impression, as he said,
that I was in Congress when he was a member.
I remember this gentleman, from the circumstance of having travelled from Washington to
New York, immediately after the close of the
Thirty-fiftli Congress, in company with himself,
Mr. Corcoran and daughter, only a few days prior
to his marriage with that lady. He is a mild
and.complacent gentleman, southern in his deportment, and exceedingly affable in conversation.
He spoke confidently that the English and French
Governments would raise the blockade of South.
ern ports, and mentioned the receipt of private
letters, among other things, as evidence of their
intention.
It is reported that the British ship " Alliance"
has run the blockade, and arrived at Beaufort, on
the coast of North Carolina; this place is a small
harbor in the neck of Cape Lookout. Is this
breach of the blockading line sufficient evidence
of its inefficiency to warrant neutral powers to
disregard it? I think it has been so stated recently by Lord Palmerston in the "House of
Lords."  The American Minister is reported to
have advised our Government, by the last steam



86


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


er, that " the acknowledgment of the Southern
Confederacy was only a question of time."
I have been suspicious for many weeks past,
that it was the purpose of the English Government, and probably the French also, to interfere
in our national troubles, in this form, whenever
an apology could be furnished; and it seems
evident to me that the tone of the English Press
indicates this result. England, however, will not
take this step without the concurrence of France.
August 29.-There has been quite an interesting event in front of our quarters this afternoon, which, at the instance of the officer himself,
whose name I take the liberty to use in this connection, I will relate. Miss Martha Haines Butt,
the authoress from  Norfolk, Virginia, to whom
allusion was made upon her former visit to the
prison, a few days since, again halted this afternoon opposite our quarters in a splendid coach.
She was, as before, elegantly attired, and accompanied by a military officer. It was evident that
she had come to see one of the prisoners, and it
was quickly discovered that Capt. Roswell A. Fish,
who arrived only a day or two since, was the
fortunate object of this compliment. He manifested a frenzy to get by the sentinels at the door
to reach her carriage, but it was of no avail; he
could not pass, even though she beckoned most
daintily for him. He seized a piece of paper,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


87


and hastily scratched a few words and sent it to
the carriage by the guard. It was amusing to
watch the countenances of the military assemblage at the windows and doors, as they beheld
with utter silence the avidity with which she
opened the note; quick as thought she seized a
pencil from the officer by her side, and began to
write. By this time the corporal of the guard
arrived and relieved the agony of the captain by
allowing him to pass from the sentinel to the
carriage, when the parties very gracefully saluted
each other. It was an interview-so very polite
and attractive, that it was a relief to the dull and
sombre thoughts engendered by the monotony of
an imprisonment, and carried back the heart of
many a spectator to the blissful period of his own
early attachments. But, to the point: the dear
captain, surrounded by an impudent guard, was
compelled to close the interview, so intently
watched by his prison associates, and he did this
by a kiss of her hand, so bewitchingly bestowed
that the young officer was greeted by one universal shout on returning to his quarters. The
young lady, as the officers say, responded by an
instant application of the smitten hand to her
heart. I was amazed to learn in conversation
with the gallant captain this evening, that on
this very day he was to have been married, and
that on the day of his capture the colonel of his




88


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


regiment had gone to Washington to obtain a
furlough for him for that purpose. In view of
the scene just witnessed, I inferred very naturally
that the lady in question was the bride to be, but
in reply to my inquiry he said, " No, oh no, no! "
She is merely a watering-place acquaintance formed at Saratoga, which had been continued by
accidental meetings in Washington, and various
acts of mutual good understanding and politeness
ever since. At the famous Napier Ball he was
her gallant, and upon her visit to Richmond she
discovered accidentally, by the papers, that her
friend was a prisoner of war. True to the natural
impulses of her heart for the unfortunate, this
young Virginia lady seeks the confinement of
her friend, and bestows upon him that sympathy and consolation which spring only from
the tender instincts of a woman's heart. Seeing
the rough interior arrangement of the prison,
the absence of almost every domestic convenience
and comfort, and reflecting as she did upon the
condition of the young officer, is it more than
natural that she returned to her hotel, probably
sad with her reflections? She knew well of the
surveillance existing, and the danger of attempting to send written communications to this modern
Bastile, without express military authority, and
yet, brave as it was hazardous, she despatched
to him by some safe messenger, the same even



A PRISONER OF WAR.


ing, a note of deep and touching solicitude. The
young officer can afford for this night, at least,
to forget the misery of his condition and lie
down to pleasant dreams, even though " her heart
bleeds that he has no pillow on which to lay his
head."
I should mention that this lady, who has occupied my pen for an unusual space, is the authoress
of " Leisure Moments," so highly spoken of by the
editorial fraternity and others, and now in process
of publication by E. D. Long & Co., of New
York. I have no knowledge, personally, of its
merits; but the Home Journal, in alluding to the
work, says, among other compliments to the authoress, " that her volume is written in a sketchy,
animated tone, at once captivating and exciting."
I shall take much interest in perusing the work
when given to the public, and now for the present
bid adieu to the young Virginia authoress.
August 30.-The only incident worthy of
mention in this record to-day is the call of the
Hon. John T. Harris, of Virginia, late member
of the U. S. Congress. He was accompanied by
another gentleman from the same State, whose
name I have forgotten. Mr. H. scarcely recognized me, and I was equally in doubt of his identity; and, as a reason for this, it may be stated
that when in Congress both of us wore long, shaggy heads of hair, which now had been cropped in




90


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


the late style. He did not detain me long, and
I was indebted to his own good sense of propriety,
or my own disagreeable deportment towards him,
for his brief stay, as I did not feel talkative this
morning.
August 31.-That forty-two days have elapsed
since my arrest near the battle-field is scarcely
credible, and yet this is the sixth Sunday, and
the fact is patent. Had any sensible person presumed to predict, on my advent into Richmond,
that my imprisonment would have been thus
protracted, I should certainly have thought him
unfriendly to my peace and contentedness. How
wisely has Providence concealed all the future
from  man!    He "never is, but always to be
blessed." Day after day have I watched every
movement and weighed every circumstance, however trivial, which indicated the least prospect of
relief; but my heart is saddened as I look in fancy
to my home, once so cheerful and happy with my
wife and children, and am obliged to record the
unpleasant conviction that my discharge is obscured in darker clouds of discouragement than
ever.
Whether in derision or by way of compliment
I know not, probably the former, the Richmond
Dispatch, of yesterday, in connection with a severe comment upon the character and conduct of
one of the U. S. surgeons, is pleased to style me




A PRISONER OF WAR.


91


" the lion-hearted and illustrious Ely."  I am at a
loss to know why this editor has alluded to me as
the lion-liearted, unless it be that I have borne
my imprisoment without a murmur, without asking the smallest favor, or intimating in any official
quarter that my parole would be even acceptable.
The truth is, I never have regarded my parole as
desirable, if I were to be detained in Richmond.
Already have the public papers given me a notoriety that has crowded the side-walks with the
idle and curious, and our apartments, to those who
could gain admission, with a multitude of daily
visitors which have become tiresome, and oftentimes disagreeable. While all this is true, my
prison-house has the merit, at least, with its guards
and bayonets, of being a place of personal security. My parole of honor, if granted to me, giving
me the liberties of the city limits, would have
made me the guest of some prominent city hotel,
where, in the present excited state of the public
prejudice against a Northern man, especially a
Republican, holding a prominent position, my annoyances would have been increased, and probably
my safety endangered.
The feeling of animosity against the people of
the North is to me unaccountable, when I reflect
how closely have been all our relations of commerce and society, and how many a citizen of this
capital, when inquiry is made, speaks of his birth



92


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


place, parentage, his brothers and sisters, and
whole groups of relatives, residing in the Northern and Western States. One can conceive of
bitterness and hatred against his fellow-man, engendered by acts of cruelty or personal injury;
but when one section of a great nation, bound to
the other by every tie that makes society dear,
imbibes resentments that characterize individual
wrongs, the explanation is not so obvious.
To-day a patriarchal citizen, whose long locks,
extending over his shoulders and whitened by
the snows of more than seventy winters, respectful in his demeanor and intelligent in conversation, called upon the prisoners, and stated, among
other matters, that he resided in Charleston, South
Carolina, and was the person who fired the first
gun at Fort Sumter.    The gentleman was the
Reverend Edward Ruffin. He did not meet with
a cordial reception among the officers after such
an avowal; they were not disposed to cheer a
minister of the Gospel in his exultant boast of being the first to shoot down the flag of his country.
September 1.-To-day, according to previous
arrangement, we had Divine service in the forenoon and evening, Rev. Mr. Dodge officiating in
the morning, and Rev. Mr. Mines in the evening.
This is our only Sabbath, thus far, that has been
occupied with two services.
September 2.-The Fall has really come, and




A PRISONER OF WAR.


93


I am still in Richmond. What has occurred at
my home, what has become of my business, and
what befallen my lawsuits, in which I am personally interested, are questions I constantly ask
myself, and they make me restless and discontented; but I will not repine. Could I but
know that my wife and children are well, it
would afford me great relief; then let me dismiss the subject with my prayers to God that all
is well with them.
We occasionally obtain a New York paper,
but not without great difficulty, and then it is
from twelve to twenty days old; but even this
is acceptable.  The New York Herald of the
seventeenth of August was procured to-day, and
I had the pain of perusing in its columns an account of my capture, headed " Rebel Accounts
of the Capture of the Hon. Alfred Ely." That
portion of the accqunt by Rev. Joseph Cross,
Chaplain of the Walker Legion, published in the
Nashville Christian Advocate, is already copied
into my.Journal, under date of August 14th.
The latter portion, taken from the iMontgomery
Confederation, I had not before seen. It is rich
and racy; and that it may not be lost, I here insert the extract:
"From the M1ontgomery Confederation.
"At half-past three o'clock the stampede be



94


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


came fearful, and the gloom among Wilson and
Co. was awful. They immediately jumped into
their carriages, and put for Washington at a rapid
rate. The Hon. Mr. Ely, with a friend, catching
the contagion, and believing the enemy to be
near at hand, jumped into a buggy, and pushed
forward to Washington at a double-quick. Three
miles from Centreville, the starting-point, the
buggy broke down, and its contents were left a
prey to our forces. Ely heard, at this time, the
terrible tramping of the cavalry, and jumped behind a tree to secrete himself, while his friend
put to the woods, and was seen no more.
" Presently a horseman dashed on, and seeing
a man behind a tree, loudly called out, ' Who are
you, sir?' 'Mr. Ely,' answered the man, immediately. 'Well, who the hell is Mr. Ely?' said
the horseman. 'Mr. Ely, Member of Congress
from the Rochester District of New York,' said
the man. 'The hell you say! Say that over
again, old fellow! ' ejaculated the horseman. ' I
am, sir, the Hon. Mr. Ely, the Member of the
National Congress from the Rochester District,
New York.' 'Well,' said the horseman, ' I'll be
d-d if I hav'n't caught you at last! I have
been looking for you the whole day, and it is
d-d strange that I have just found you out.
So, pulling out his pistol, and pointing it right
at the Congressman's head, he said: 'Mr. Ely,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


95


put your foot in my stirrup, and get up behind
me-I am going to take you to Richmond.' Ely
did as requested, and away went the horseman
to the quarters of General Beauregard, and with
a live Yankee Congressman behind him, whom
he had captured."
The detail of my capture is accurately stated
under date of July 22d.
September 3.-The story is current among the
officers this morning, that Col. Devilliers, one of
the prisoners of war, who has been acting as one
of the surgeons for the wounded prisoners, has
escaped. I regret that any one should attempt
to escape, as it tends to destroy the confidence of
those officers who have charge of the prisoners,
and they become more strict in consequence, and
will be likely to cut off the privilege of allowing
one or more officers to go out daily to* purchase a
variety of little comforts which we need. )
Such has been the effect, as I anticipated; no
one is allowed to go into the city to-day; the
newspapers are forbidden to come to the quarters,
milk and vegetables are entirely denied us, and
what next is to follow God only knows.
I care nothing for all this, excepting the exclusion of the newspapers; those are the only
sky-lights into the world, as we are now situated.
The idea of being shut out entirely from all sub



96


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


lunary scenes is quite too much to endure pa.
tiently, in a land of boasted civilization. If I am
unable to get access to them to-day, I will make
a formal complaint to General Winder, the commanding officer. I do not believe he is aware
that the officer of the day has prohibited access
to the newspapers, and will at once revoke an act
of such petty tyranny. At all events, let us
know from the commanding officer whether it is
the act of their Government.
I desire to say here, that Brigadier-General
John H. Winder has treated me with the utmost
kindness and respect, and his demeanor and general courtesy of manner, when he visits the officers, indicate a strict disciplinarian, it is true;
but a person at the same time of humane feelings,
and not disposed to exercise his power beyond
its proper limits. He is withal a handsome officer, and would be noticed by the common observer as a man of marki; if he should continue,
to the close of my confinement, in his present
course of civility, it will be my dutiful pleasure
to speak of him on some future public occasion,
in a manner which his merits deserve.
September 4.-General Winder has again allowed us the papers; it was an act of the subordinates, that kept them away from us.
The officers had a hearty laugh this morning, over an article in the Dispatch, taken from




A PRISONER OF WAR.


97


the Worcester Spy, (Mass.)    It is the following:
"COLD COMFORT FOR A PRISONER.
"The Worcester Spy is bitter in its sarcasm;
it says:
"'Congressman Ely is evidently not at all
in danger of becoming eminent for greatness of
character. He went to witness the battle of Bull
Run, where he bothered the soldiers like other
curious and self-important civilians. Fortunately
he was caught by the Confederates, and now he
evidently thinks the whole policy of the Government should be shaped with a view to his release.
Let him stay at Richmond, and if an exchange of
prisoners ever should take place, let him be the
last individual for whom a negotiation is undertaken.'"
This scurrilous sheet is properly named, and
no comment is required. This, too, reminds me
of an article said to be published in the North
Carolina State Gazette, under the caption of "A
small Man with a big Head," which I have not
seen, but am informed that it is worth a perusal,
and I should much like to see it. The paper is
published at Raleigh. So much has been circulated by the press throughout the United States
in relation to the circumstances of my capture,
that it was impossible for me to see or know all;
5




98


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


but, shut out as I am from all papers but those
of this city, I could see only a very small portion.
There has been no important circumstance to
note to-day.
September 5.-I have passed through this entire day, and my mind is too barren and stupid to
summon to my recollection a single event important enough to deserve the consumption of ink
and paper.
My wife and children, if they ever read this
diary, will be curious to know what portion of
domestic duties in this hotel are assigned to me to
perform. Curious, because they know full well
that I have heretofore been a mere novice in discharging any household service. Well, as my
wife has no opportunity to witness my routine of
domestic toil, (I should blush if she did,) I will
do the best I can to tell the story.
The first two weeks of my sojourn in this establishment, my landlord, the Confederate States,
was not very polite; in other words, his apartments were not so well furnished as might have
been expected for so much patronage. I think it
can be proved. For instance, during the above
period I had the naked floor for my bed, without
any covering-whatever, and no pillow excepting
an oval block of wood, which grew tolerably soft
as our acquaintance increased. It will follow as
necessary logic that my chamber duties were




A PRISONER OF WAR.


99


rather light, as I had nothing to do but to get up,
shake myself, and my bed and toilet were complete. I should make a single exception-my
boots I invariably black-balled, as one of the first
acts of my morning duty; and if my visitors had
looked only to my boots, they would have been
favorably impressed with my shining qualities;
but the trouble was, they surveyed my apparel
from my boots upward, and then if they made an
average estimate I could have nothing to expect
from the verdict which would flatter me. But
after the lapse of the said two weeks I rose by my
own exertions, and my own loose change, to the
luxury of a cot, costing twenty shillings, and on
that I reposed until the commissary brought me
the blankets, (said to have been sent by Jefferson
Davis,) and five yards and a half of bleached
sheeting, one yard wide, out of which I made myself a pair of sheets; my bed was then complete,
and indeed very comfortable, excepting the pillow, for which I used my pantaloons.
We retire about nine o'clock, the guard insisting that they are ordered to shut off the gas at
that early hour; they have one light left, however, through the night, by which to relieve guard,
under the glimmerings of which I, with some others, sometimes sit up longer; but when really on
board of my cot, I sail into the gulf-stream of oblivion, without a single ripple to disturb my voy



100


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


age, until some officer in an adjoining cot cries out
the arrival of the milk or daily papers, about five
o'clock in the morning. My duties then begin,
by shaking my cot, blankets, and sheets very thoroughly, and which, with the precision of some
trim spinster, I fold into a small compass to fit
inside my cot, and snugly strap all together, and
stand it by the side of the wall.
The bath tub comes next in order; and it is
worthy of remark, that although I have a bathingroom in my own house, I have bathed more regularly during my stay here than I have in ten
years with all the conveniences at home. I find
it,a great luxury and most beneficial to the health.
I begin to think of ill-treatment, if I am deprived
of the privilege. My coarse crash towel and soap
are among the last articles employed before breakfast. I have taken the utmost precaution to keep
cleanly while here, as these habits are our security
against different diseases prevailing at the sickly
season in this climate.
The Richmond Prison Association, by its Sanitary Committee, have established rules and regulations touching the general health of the officers,
which by strict observance have, by Divine Providence, thus far protected us from the ravages of
fever and other prevailing diseases.
Our mess, consisting of eight persons in all, sit
down to breakfast, prepared mostly by our servant,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


101


who is a private in one of the New York regiments;
the food is-boiled beef, bread, and coffee, as the
only rations furnished by the Government; but
our own private funds supply us with vegetables,
milk, tea, and such other delicacies as we choose
to purchase.* Our table consists of a rough bench,
about twelve feet long, made of oak boards, no
table-cloth, and seats made of boards, supported
by blocks of wood at either end. Each person is
supplied with a tin cup and plate, but no knives,
forks or spoons, excepting such as are supplied by
"* According to some notes furnished by Corporal Merrell, meals
were regularly served in prison three times a day, and in general
the food was palatable, and, though including few luxuries, was expensive. The standard bill of fare consisted of beef steak and
bread, (which were furnished by the Confederacy,) and coffee,
adulterated with corn, which cost one dollar and a quarter per
pound. Among the articles paid for by the prisoners were sweet
potatoes at one dollar and a half per bushel,-sugar at fifty cents,
and butter at seventy-five per pound. Eggs were scarce, at five
cents each, nutmegs at ten cents each, molasses twenty-five cents
per quart, and whiskey (for medical purposes) at fifty cents per
pint. The tariff of outside prices for certain articles was as follows:-Salt per sack twenty-six dollars; boots per pair twenty to
twenty-six dollars; clothing of all kinds was fabulously high; ordinary note paper brought ten cents the sheet, and a yellow envelope brought the same. The scarcity of lint or plaster was the
most serious want experienced by the hospital surgeons;-at one
time the supply was wholly cut off, and the wounds of the poor
soldiers were for a time left undressed. " Tell your master, Lincoln,
to raise the blockade, and then we will tend to you," was the frequent remark. "We hav'n't lint enough," said they, "for our
own wounded, and they must be served first."




102


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ourselves. The table furniture will not be deemed
extravagant for such an hotel as this; and as we
cannot change our landlord or his accommodations
without his consent, we have made up our minds
to be at peace.
My towels I wash myself; my blue streaked,
sixteen-cent pocket-handkerchief I undertook to
baptize in the same way, after an uninterrupted
nasal use of four long weeks, when, to my dismay,
my hands, and wristbands of my coat and shirt,
had more indigo upon them than all the waters
of Damascus could make clean. What a scrape!
only one shirt, with wristbands blue as an indigo
bag. This was my first attempt at washing, and
like all wash-days it was blue.
My extra shirt is being washed by an old
slave, a good old creature, who is one of a hundred
others owned by a widow lady at Richmond! she
comes twice a week to bring and procure clothes
from the officers to wash; she is very neat in
dress and in her person, and all are very glad
when "Susannah " is announced. She is also employed to bring private dinners to some of the
officers, which she prepares at home, and for which
she gets well compensated.
After breakfast, the officers employ themselves
in a variety of ways-some playing whist; others
gamble upon a small scale, pitching cents, boxing
with stuffed buckskin gloves, promenading the




A PRISONER OF WAR.


103


long range of our quarters, talking, singing, &c.,
so that the time may hang less heavily.
Dinner is announced, and sometimes the wonder is, what has become of the morning. Col.
Corcoran, at the top of his military voice of command, will call out, " Attention, Members of Congress and Officers of the line-march to dinner!"
The ceremony of "taking tea" has much the
same routine, and the day has lapsed into the
evening hour, which is altogether the most lively
and cheerful portion of the twenty-four. Conversation is more brisk, wit more brilliant, and repartee keener by far.
Before closing this diary, it is my intention to
describe, as well as I may be able, some incidents relating to officers associated with my prison life; but I will postpone this for the present.
At an early hour, about nine o'clock as I have
already said, many of the officers begin to prepare
for bed; and it would amuse a spectator to witness the operations of those who probably never
before made a bed. For my own part, I have become very skilful in this particular, and even my
wife would concede this, if she could but take a
peep at my cot with its smooth clean sheets, and
red and white blankets so neatly covering all.
Septenmber 6.- Scarcely does a day transpire
without the occurrence of some event, although
trifling, that is not worthy of a passing notice;




104


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


but I shall not deny that this day is an exception.
September '7.-The Northern Associated Press
telegraphs to the New York papers as follows:
" Congressman Ely is still at Richmond, and
he takes his turn at cooking and carrying water
for the prisoners.
"Colonel Corcoran, of the 69th New York
Regiment, was lately put in irons for several
hours for refusing to answer to his name on the
roll."
These falsehoods are manufactured by our
friends at the North, to impress our people with
the idea that the Federal prisoners are treated
with indignity and hardship. So far as labor of
any kind is concerned, no private, officer, or civilian has ever been compelled to do any service of
any nature whatever since the first day of our
imprisonment here, and has performed none, excepting such as he desired and asked the privilege
of doing. Many of the privates have been engaged in the cooking department, as a matter of
choice merely; it enabled those who were fortunate enough to obtain the privilege, to be out in
the open air, and likewise to secure plenty of food
and the best selection.
General Winder has very politely sent me a
bundle of newspapers to-day; they were from
different sections of the country, and were greed



A PRISONER OF WAR.


105


ily seized by the officers, and our quarters very
soon presented the appearance of a reading
room.*
But the papers were of no value to me just at
the moment, for accompanying the bundle was a
letter from Mrs. Ely, dated at Rochester on the
29th of August, in which there was much news
of great importance; and it being the first letter I
had received from      her from   Rochester since my
capture, it made me light-hearted and buoyant.
The photograph likeness of my little daughter
Carrie, attached to the letter, was a matter of
public exhibition. The officers rushed about me
to know what news my wife had written, and to
gaze upon the likeness. Around the quarters the
photograph was circulated, among the officers,
"* Touching the mail facilities with which the Union prisoners
were favored, the following facts are worth mentioning: At one time
some three hundred letters, addressed to the prisoners, had accumulated at the post-office, and were withheld from their owners nearly
a fortnight. As soon as the Union officers ascertained this fact,
they instituted an inquiry in regard to it, and were informed that
the authorities declined to deliver them until the postage was paid;
and as they believed that but few of the privates had any pecuniary means, they had determined to keep them. Upon this explanation, the Union officers directed that the letters should be immediately delivered, as they would pay the postage, which amounted
to twenty-five dollars. The Richmond authorities invariably exacted seven cents per letter on delivery at the prison, notwithstanding that the five cents Confederate postage was prepaid by the
writers in an enclosure to General Wool.
5*




106


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


whose complimentary remarks, I confess, amply
satisfied my parental pride.
The officers congratulated me upon the marked
change in my feelings, and the cheerfulness with
which I talked about items of news contained in
my letter. To use a very common, but not well
understood phrase, my letter was a " big thing."
Yes, a letter here, no matter to whom or from
whom it may be, is almost public property, since
every person inquires what is the news, what did
she say about this, that, and the other?
September 8.-The seventh Sabbath has come
and gone since my arrest, and it has been spent
in attending Divine service, performed by the
chaplains in the morning and evening. The religious exercises performed on Sunday and Wednesday evenings, now regulated by the Association,
have evidently an effect upon the decent, good
order of the officers, and the decorum so essential in a position like this.
The wickedness engendered in the camp is
proverbial; say what you will, however, the influences of religious example, the earnestness of
sincere godliness, soften the roughest heart, and
break up its wicked inclinations.
September 9.-It has been apparent for some
days that the authorities at Richmond, in charge
of the Federal prisoners, had become alarmed,
fearing that an outbreak was contemplated on




A PRISONER OF WAR.


101


the part of the officers; and this morning, at an
early hour, all the officers and civilians were
ordered into line. This done, the officer of the
day, Captain Gibbs, attended by two Lieutenants
with side-arms, and a detective police officer,
(said to be from Baltimore,) holding a bowieknife, stepped in front of the ranks, and said:
" Gentlemen, information has been received that
the officers have concealed arms in this building, and I am ordered to search the officers, and,
although an unpleasant duty, still I must obey
the order; but, if the officers please, it shall be
done with as little annoyance as possible." Every
officer, of course, cheerfully insisted upon, rather
than submitted to, the search of his person and
baggage, and the utmost decorum and silence
prevailed until it was accomplished. The result
proved that no person had any weapon, excepting, perhaps, a pocket penknife; we were then
permitted to break ranks and disperse. The
whole performance was gone through with in
an unexceptionable manner; and, I think, to disabuse the minds of the Confederate officers of
unfounded suspicions, the prisoners were glad of
the occurrence. It was, however, a matter of
great surprise to us, when told that a search was
to be made, that any suspicion of concealed arms
had existed, for it is due to truth and the high
character of the officers to say, that no uprising




108


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


or use of arms, or general escape, was ever contemplated or talked about among them. It turned
out that this suspicion had sufficient foundation
to justify any prudent officer in instituting this
search some scoundrel having addressed an anonymous letter to General Winder charging it upon
us.
My own view of this examination led me to
suggest that it was susceptible of another interpretation, and might be an indication of our
speedy removal to some distant fortress.
September 10.-At an early hour this morning
it was announced that forty officers and a certain
number of privates were to be sent to " Castle
Pinckney," an old fort in Charleston harbor, as I
anticipated yesterday, in the three P. M. train this
day. The whole crowd of officers were thrown
into confusion, and speculations sprang up at once
as to who were to be the subjects of this movement. The idea of going did not meet with a
single agreeable response, until it was finally ascertained who in fact were designated for the
trip. At nine o'clock the orderly sergeant came
in and ordered us to form a line for roll-call,
which he followed up by stating that the following-named officers (reading from his roll) would
be prepared to leave at one P. M. for " Castle
Pinckney," in Charleston, S. C.
The anxious countenances and almost trepida



A PRISONER OF WAR.


109


tion so visible among the officers, as they listened
in breathless silence to hear if their names were
called, was indeed painful.
The following list from    the Examiner, corrected by me, contains the names of the officers
sent to Charleston, with the complimentary notice
of the editor upon their departure.
I' Yankee prisoners sent South.-One hundred
and fifty-six Yankee prisoners, selected chiefly
from among those members of the New York,
Massachusetts, and Michigan Regiments, who had
evinced the most insolent and insubordinate disposition, were yesterday afternoon despatched by
railroad to Castle Pinckney, a small fortification
in Charleston harbor, for safe keeping. /It is
thought that the invigorating sea-breezes and the
genial climate of 'Dixie's Land' will have the
effect not only of improving the health, but the
temper of the captive Bull-runners. Included in
the number stated above, are the following officers, several of whom     are recovering from    the
wounds received at the battle of Stone Bridge:
Col. ConcoEAN, New York 69th Regt. Militia.
Col. O. B. WILCOX, Michigan 1st Regt. Volunteers.
Col. W. E. WOODRUFF, Kentucky 2d Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut.-Col. G. W. NEFF, Kentucky 2d Regt. Volunteers.
Maj. J. W. POTTER, New York 38th Regt. Volunteers.
Rev. G. W. DODGE, Chaplain, New York 11th Regt. Volunteers.
Rev. H. EDDY, Chaplain, Connecticut 2d Regt. Volunteers.
Dr. C. 0. GREY, U. S. Army.




110


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Dr. L. H. STONE, U. S. Army.
Dr. JOHN MCGREGOR, Connecticut 3d Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. GEORGE AUSTIN, Kentucky 2d Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. MORTIMER GRIFFIN, New York 8th Regt. S. M.
Capt. JOHN W. SPRAGUE, Ohio 7th Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. I. H. DOWNEY, New York 11th Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. ROSWELL A. Fisi, New York 32d Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. JAs. T. FAmIsH, New York 79th Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. J. W. DREW, Vermont 2d Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. SHURTLIFF, Ohio 7th Regt, Volunteers.
Capt. L. GORDON, Massachusetts 11th Regt. Volunteers.
Capt. WHITTINGTON.
Capt. JENKINS.
Lieut. CHARLES WALTERS, Connecticut 3d Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut. Toy, New York 25th Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut. THOMAs HAMBLIN, (son of the actor by that name,) New
York 38th Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut. UNDERHILL, New York 11th Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut. WORCESTER, New York 71st Regt.-Militia.
Lieut. J. H. DEMPSEY, New York 2d Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut. WILcox, Ohio 7th Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut. D. S. GORDON, 2d Dragoons, U. S. Army.
Lieut. J. F. KENT, U. S. Army.
Lieut. G. H. CALEFF, Massachusetts 11th Regt. Volunteers.
Lieut. E. CONOLLY, New York.69th Regt. Volunteers.
" Captain Ricketts, U. S. Army, was to have
accompanied the party, but is not sufficiently
recovered    from   his wounds to       undertake     the
journey.*
* Soon after the wife of this officer was informed that he had
been wounded, and was in a Richmond hospital, she pleaded for
permission to join him, and after experiencing gross insults from
the rebel soldiers, and many other obstacles, she succeeded in her
mission, and was continually by his side until he got well and was
released. She also acted as an angel of mercy towards many of the
wounded prisoners besides her husband.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


111


"The prisoners were marched from the tobacco
factories, in which they had been confined, to the
depot of the Petersburg Railroad, in double files,
guarded by a detachment of fifty men from the
Jeff. Davis Douisiana Battalion, commanded by
Lieut. W. B. Brockett, C. S. A., who are to accompany them the entire distance to Charleston.
Twenty-five men of the detachment, detailed from
the Madison (La.) Infantry, marched ahead of the
prisoners, the rear being brought up by twentyfive men of the Natchez (Miss.) Rifles.
"The party embarked in three cars specially
provided for their accommodation, each car being
guarded by fifteen Southern soldiers fully armed.
The Yankees generally seemed quite despondent
at their change of location, but few of their number venturing to cheat their depression with a
smile. They were followed to the depot by a
very large crowd, who nevertheless entirely refrained from the utterance of any remark which
should wound the feelings of the prisoners."
When the hour arrived for the departure of
our fellow-prisoners, the scene was interesting, and
in some instances very affecting. Associations
formed in misfortune are said to be the strongest:
for fifty days had we been confined in the same
room, in   constant intercourse, interchanging
thoughts and sympathies with each other. Each
one knew the history of the other, political, social,




112


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


and military, and it is remarkable that during
this entire period of time no unpleasant personal
difference had occurred, excepting in a single
trifling instance.
The officers shook hands, and'bid an affectionate farewell to us, their remaining associates;
they formed in line directly in front of our
quarters, and halted until joined by the privates
taken from the other prisons, who were ordered
to the same old fort.
" Good-by,"  " Good-by,"   rang  along  the
long file of officers as they stood facing us, with
manly forms and brave hearts; until suddenly
checked by the shrill voice of the captain at the
head of the column, who gave the order to
" march."
What were the real motives which prompted,
or the effects which were anticipated to result
from this procedure, have never been disclosed
to the public, so far as I am informed. The ostensible ground in the article from the Examiner,
above quoted, has as little foundation in truth, as
the expectation of the result which was anticipated has of wit. These gentlemen had on no
occasion, or under any circumstances, manifested
any thing of insolence or insubordination in their
language or deportment under all the vexations
to which they had been exposed. Their conduct
had been uniformly gentlemanly and forbearing.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


113


The anticipation that "the invigorating sea,
breezes and genial climate of Dixie's land would
have the effect of improving the health and the
temper of the Bull-runners" indicates a feeling
as honorable and gentlemanlike, as the whole
phraseology does of witty and pointed sarcasm.
Thus was terminated by far the most exciting
event which I have been called upon to notice.
The day has nearly gone, the excitement and
fatigue drive me to an early rest, and I leave my
pen for my cot.
September 11.-Our quarters to-day, since the
instalment taken from our numbers yesterday,
and the almost painful quiet that has ensued, remind me of some lonely country dwelling, desolated by the hand of death, after many of its
afflicted inmates had passed to the tomb.
Among the officers who have gone to Charleston were a number of splendid singers, upon whom
we had chiefly depended for our entertainment
in the musical department. Every colonel, the
only major, and most of the captains are gone,
leaving behind officers inferior in rank. Although
there may be a benefit derived from this reduction
of numbers, we have lost immensely in the quality
of our company.
Most of the zealous and more active members
of the Association are among the number gone;




114


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


so another meeting of the organization is rendered
quite uncertain.
To-day I saw for the first time, in a St. Louis
paper, the speculation of a Washington correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, under date
of August 15, 1861, and here it follows:
"WHAT IS TO BE DONE WITH THE PIRATES?
"This question is now seriously discussed in
the Cabinet without any definite answer being
arrived at. It is supposed that, in the next four
weeks, our newly-set-out fleet will have captured
at least four hundred Southern sailors; who, according to the doctrine enunciated by the Executive, must be regarded as pirates, and executed as
such. But you are aware that the subject is full
of difficulty. At the time General McClellan
took so many prisoners, with Col. Pegram, I wrote
you that the War Department had sent him orders to release them  all. This order, of course,
he obeyed. I stated at the time, that the Administration had decided not to hang any of the
sailors taken on board of Southern privateers.
This was true at the time. The decision was
made, not from any feeling of clemency towards
the captured sailors, but from motives of policy.
No instance of hanging has yet taken place on
either side; and the Administration felt unwill



A PRISONER OF WAR.


115


ing to begin a course of policy which might be
followed on the other side.
"The result of the inauguration of such a policy would be the indiscriminate murder of hundreds of prisoners in the hands of the rebels, including many valuable citizens, and the enactment
of scenes of horror unequalled by those of the
French Revolution. The Administration, therefore, decided, as I have said, not to hang any of
the pirates. But within a day or two the question has been again raised in the Cabinet. At
least one member of that body is in favor, as he
expresses it, of 'discarding all squeamish nonsense,
and of hanging every rebel found in arms against
the Government, whether taken on sea or land.'
This is undoubtedly the course that ought to be
taken, if the Government regards this matter simply as an 'insurrection.'  This is the view taken
of it by President Lincoln; and he, too, although
he deplores the necessity of such dreadful measures,
's in favor of such a course as will show to the
world that we are in earnest in this matter, and
that traitors found in arms against the Government must expect and receive a traitor's doom.
"But the Secretary of State is in favor of a
milder, and, as he thinks, of a wiser course of policy. He admits that, by the strict rules of laws,
the Southern privateersmen are pirates, and to
hang them might be justifiable; but, he says,




116


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


necessity has led us to disregard former constitu.
tional provisions since the commencement of this
strife. In this instance, the same necessity would
seem to dictate a relaxation of the strict rule of
law. If we hang these men, the rebels will hang
Mr. Ely, Col. Corcoran, and Col. Wilcox; and
then we, in retaliation, will hang Mr. Faulkner
and the prisoners at Fort Lafayette. Thus there
will be no end to horrors. To avoid this, Mfr.
Seward favors a more lenient course than he would
recommend under ordinary circumstances. His
opinion has great weight with the President, but
the matter is by no means yet decided. The
other members of the Cabinet are divided in sentiment on the subject. Mr. Welles sides with
Mr. Seward, and the Secretary of War holds
about the same views, only he objects to any further release of prisoners, as in the case of Col.
Pegram's men..Mr. Bates and.Mr. Blair both
go for extreme measure8, regardless of consequence8; and iMr. Smith also entertains the same
miewe."
The preceding article needs no comment, excepting that, at the time it was penned, very little
was known, I imagine, of the views of the Cabinet
upon the subject to which it refers. And even
now, that nearly a month has passed, I apprehend
that what policy is to be pursued remains a mat



A PRISONER OF WAR.


117


ter of doubt and uncertainty. I am entirely resigned to remain here as a prisoner of war, so
long as it is supposed by the Administration that
an exchange of prisoners will be a detriment to
our welfare as a nation, either at home or abroad.
I have never been able to see, however, that the
subject involve8 any such consequences.
September 12.-This morning we are notified
that, henceforth, we can no longer be furnished
with cofee or sugar; the first is now selling at
fifty cents a pound in Richmond, and the last at
sixteen cents, and not to be procured even at that
price. This deprivation is not the result of any
malice or disposition to punish us, but because the
articles cannot be obtained.
The blockade, of course, is the cause of this
scarcity, although still pronounced to be wholly
ineffectual.
This morning the officer of the day handed
me a letter, written by Mrs. E. H. Silliman, a
niece of mine, at Camden, Arkansas, from which
it appears that she has been deceived by the
unaccountable falsehoods about my conduct published in the Southern papers, and believes me to
be acting a very unmanly and undignified part
in my condition as a prisoner of war. She says
every thing I do or say is published in the papers,
and speaks in glowing terms of "President Davis."
She has certainly been imposed upon by the




118


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


press, and may find out that her so-called President has been equally the subject of misrepresentation, though of an opposite character.
The writer was a small child when I saw her
last, at my father's house in Lyme, Connecticut.
She is a daughter of my brother Frederick, who
died many years since. She grew up to womanhood and married Mr. Silliman, in the place, 1
think, where they now live.  Her husband came
originally from Chester, Connecticut, a small village on the Connecticut River, in the county of
Middlesex, a few miles only from my birthplace.
The letter is characteristic of her as a child, as
I very well remember. She was very affectionate, and the idol of her father and mother, and,
at the same time, excessively proud-if the term
may be applied to a child. I have replied to her
letter, relieving her, I hope, of the mortification
she professes to feel from the unmanliness of my
behavior, and have stated to her that all these
newspaper articles about my grief and lamentations are entirely fabulous. The entire Southern
press has been untiring in publishing false and
scandalous, as well as ridiculous statements in
regard to me; and this remark, I regret to say,
is not entirely inapplicable to some of our own
Northern papers. The above letter of my niece
indicates the impression created by these unholy
perversions of truth.  God forgive him, who




A PRISONER OF WAR.


119


seeks to destroy the innocenf with the "leprous
distilment of pernicious rumor."
September 13.-The only interesting item for
to-day is the purchase of a checkered calico shirt
for ten shillings, New York currency; it is a
pretty good fit, and very much needed.     My
funds were entirely gone, and I borrowed five
dollars of Mr. Flagler, an estimable old gentleman
among the prisoners, who resides at Centreville,
and was arrested simply because he furnished
food to some famishing soldiers of our army.
About ten or twelve days since I addressed
a letter to Thomas Branch & Sons, Petersburg,
Virginia, asking a loan of money, in addition to
that already lent me. I enclosed to them a draft
on Thayer, Brigham & Field, of Boston, for the
additional sum I desired, and also enclosed to the
latter my check for the same amount on the
"Rochester City Bank," to the order of Thayer,
Brigham & Field, with instructions to forward it
to them-the amount of my draft. Thus far I
have heard nothing from them.
A large bundle of newspapers, from different
sections of the country, was sent to me to-day,
addressed " A. Ely and others, Richmond,Va., care
of War Department."   They were a great treat
to the officers. I do not know from whose considerate hand they came. One of the newspapers, the St. Louis Republican, contains a list of




120


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Federal prisoners in Richmond, followed by an
account of "the Richmond Prison Association,"
which we organized, and which I have before described, and alludes to the general manner in
which we entertain ourselves here. This article
long since appeared in the Richmond Examiner,
and its remarks at the time should not be omitted, viz.:
"This delightful pastime is in striking contrast to the indulgencies granted our prisonersmanacles and bread and water."
September 14.-There was an extraordinary
movement of Southern troops passing our quarters at an early hour this morning-infantry,
cavalry, army wagons containing baggage, camp
equipage, &c., &c., and it is rumored that a battle
is in progress at Yorktown; but nothing definite
can be ascertained.
Quartermaster Murphy, Captain Hurd, and
Lieutenant Raynor, who escaped on the fourth
instant, are said to have been caught and detained at Manassas.
September 15.-Yesterday I wrote to my wife,
my son, at Trinity College, and to my law-partner. These letters went by way of Norfolk, and
from there by flag of truce to Fortress Monroe.
The bearer was George Washington Edge, Master
of the ship John Carver, of Bath, Maine; he sailed from Philadelphia, laden with coal for the




A PRISONER OF WAR.


121


United States Government, bound to the mouth
of the Mississippi and Key West to supply the
blockading squadron with this article.
In latitude 29~ 30', and longitude 6~ 50',
E. S. E. from Charleston about 750 miles, he was
saluted by a cannon-ball shot across the bow of
the ship from a distant clipper-built brig, which
turned out to be the celebrated privateer Jeff.
Davis. There was a light breeze at the time, and
being unarmed she had no alternative but to
heave about, and await the result. Soon a small
boat, filled with armed men; boarded the ship and
demanded her newspapers, which the captain
gave them; they determined not to take the ship,
as the cargo was of no particular value to them.
After opening the officers' chests and captain's
baggage, and taking some dried fruits and liquors,
private stores of the captain, they left the ship
and rowed away to the privateer. The captain
then increased sail on his ship, but it was almost
a dead calm. It was not long, however, before
the small boat with men from the privateer returned to the ship, and announced their purpose
to take and scuttle her, and imprison the officers
and men. They alleged as a reason for this, that
they had read in one of the newspapers given
them, an account of a negro-cook, belonging to
some schooner taken as a prize by another privateer, who had killed while* asleep the prize crew,
6




122


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


and took the vessel into New York harbor, and
they intended to avenge this act.
They took all the crew of the ship on board
the small boat, and after scuttling, set fire to her
in the cabin and the forecastle, all sail standing.
Upon returning to the privateer they placed the
officers and crew of the ship in separate localities
on the privateer, and all were closely watched.
The second day suspicions, real or pretended,
were made an excuse for putting the captain and
all the crew in irons. The captain was first called
down into the cabin alone, and with pistols and
cutlasses pointed at his breast, he was manacled;
the first mate was then called, who experienced
the same treatment, but not without a murmur;
-he told the captain of the privateer that he might
consider himself highly honored in putting a gentleman in irons. The privateer captain replied
that " he was bound to protect his own life."  It
seems he became apprehensive that the ship's
crew might rise and overpower the privateer.
The crew were all ironed and placed in different
sections of the brig between decks; no conversation after this was permitted. In this condition
they continued for a week, until the privateer
made St. Augustine, Florida, in a furious gale.
The privateer placed the mate (while in irons)
and Capt. Edge in a small yawl boat, with three
other men, to land them on the beach. The sea




A PRISONER OF WAR.


1238


was tremendous; there was no hope scarcely that
they could live to reach the shore in the wild
surf, in so small a boat, and death stared them in
the face; the sailors in charge of the boat wept
aloud before they cast off from the brig. After
parting from the brig, the mate uplifted his
manacled hands and threatened the boatman with
death if he did not release him from his chains,
and it was done. Capt. Edge and his mate then
took command of the boat, and by skilful management succeeded in reaching the shore, embosomed in a surf, frightful even to the most
experienced seamen.    The captain, mate, and
nine of the crew were sent to Richmond for further orders, and on their arrival were sent home
in the manner mentioned as above.
The ship John Carver was new, or nearly so,
of nine hundred tons burthen, valued at sixty
thousand dollars, and the cargo at twenty-two
thousand. The "Jeff. Davis " was an old slaver
brig, refitted into a privateer, and her name
changed from   "Echo" to her present distinguished cognomen. She was lost in the gale
above referred to, and report says that some
of her crew were instrumental in her destruction.
Septembe?  16.-The commissary, Jackson
Warner, tendered me the loan of fifty dollars
to-day, and not having heard from Thos. Branch




124


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


& Sons, of Petersburg, in response to my application for funds, I gladly accepted it.
My check, for fifty dollars on " Rochester City
Bank," I made payable to the order of Capt.
George W. Edge, and delivered it to Mr. Warner,
who stated to me that he wished to send it to
his son Wm. H. Warner, in the North, and desireJ it for safety to be made payable, to the
order of Capt. Edge, who leaves for Washington
in the morning, and on his arrival he could endorse it and send it to his son.
Really, I feel quite rich, after paying my
debts here, including five dollars to Mr. Flagler,
three dollars and a half to the commissary, six
dollars for two white blankets, and five and a
half yards of bleached cotton sheeting, at sixteen
cents, which leaves me on hand thirty-four dollars
and sixty-two cents, unappropriated. I purchased
to-day a pair of satinet pantaloons, for which I
paid four dollars. My only pair, in which I was
arrested, I have worn without change ever since,
and they had become ridiculously ragged and
soiled.
Mr. Huson has been unwell for several days,
and he is evidently losing strength; his confinement I fear is impairing his constitution, and he
should not remain here any longer. A   blue day
this all around, excepting the cash.
September 17.-This afternoon General Win



A PRISONER OF WAR.


125


der called to see us, and as usual was-very affable
and courteous. He intimated that it was his intention to send away more of the prisoners soon,
which I have apprehended for some days would
be the case. It is the policy of those in power
here, to distribute the prisoners among the different seceded States. Those already sent to Castle
Pinckney will be followed by the next squad to
Fort Jackson or Baton Rouge.
I appealed to General Winder, in my conversation with him yesterday, to release my friend
Mr. Huson, whatever might be my own fate;
telling him that my imprisonment was chiefly,
as I supposed, on account of my public position,
but that no excuse of that character was applicable to him. The General accordingly appointed
nine o'clock to-morrow morning to give him an
opportunity to apply for his discharge. I feel
the deepest interest to secure his release, at this
time, that he may return with our surgeons who
are about to be sent home; nothing whatever
can be alleged against him, and his health is
giving way under the severities of confinement.
The surgeons belonging to the United States
Army, and employed here in taking care of the
sick and wounded at Richmond, are to be sent
home on parole of honor, such having been the
arrangement made with them by General Beauregard at Manassas. Surgeons and chaplains, by




126


JOURNAL OF ALFRED.ELY,


the rules of war, are not liable to arrest as prisoners of war; but I have seen enough already to
know   that rules in war are as flexible as the
exigency or military necessity demands.
Since mingling with so many military officers,
in constant discussion upon military matters,
marches, counter-marches, retreats and advances,
flanking and outflanking, opening and storming
batteries, &c., I have become somewhat familiar
with military phrases, the technical signification
of which I was heretofore entirely ignorant of.
The science of arms has many attractions, particularly to the young. In active service, it is doubtless the most rapid manner of acquiring popular
distinction. One successful battle, led on by a
general or colonel, establishes his fame, and emblazons his name far and wide. The people fondle the brave and heroic, and despise the coward.
Calvin Huson, jr., had an interview with General Winder on the question of his release this
morning. The decision not made yet, but success
is probable.
Judah P. Benjamin, from Louisiana, is now
the acting Secretary of War in this bogus Confederacy, S. H. Walker having resigned. This
gentleman has a most intimate and influential
friend in New York; and through this channel,
I think, an effort might be made to secure my




A PRISONER OF WAR.


127


release, as that friend is on good terms with me,
and I feel confident that he could assist me.
General Winder has just called with some
North Carolina gentlemen, to whom he introduced
me. One of them was Mr. Pettigrew; the others
not recollected. Mr. P. remarked that he was a
member of the Secession Convention of North
Carolina, and signed the Ordinance of Secession
and no act of  is life will he look back upon with
so much satisfaction; that no one in his State
"but the lowest rough scuffs entertained Union
sentiments. The men of character and influence
throughout the State were secessionists.
All his property, including one hundred negroes, and, if necessary, his life also, should be
expended in defence of the South. The North
must first exterminate the South before they
could subjugate them.    Reconstruction of the
Union, on any terms, was impossible.
Such, and other similar remarks, addressed to
me during the interview, I listened to in respectful silence. It has not been my practice to talk
back,.situated as I am, when politics are introduced by gentlemen calling to see me; and, indeed, I do not esteem it the highest type of a
gentleman to introduce and force upon one in
my situation, the discussion of questions, which
have already involved the country in a mighty
war, and in which the expression of his opinions




128


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


by one who is a prisoner to a hostile force, must
either be prudently avoided or he be subjected
to the most serious consequences if he express
them. While on various occasions I have been
exposed to the embarrassing difficulties thus
alluded to, I have repeatedly been brought into
intercourse with Southern gentlemen, who prop.
erly appreciated my position; avoided any allusion, or only of a remote kind, to subjects the
discussion of which must be disagreeable or
offensive, and from whose conversation I derived
both instruction and pleasure. From these individuals, well informed as to their minds and courteous in their deportment, I have learned much
of the character of the people of the South as
well as of the country which they occupy, and
have been compelled to modify many of my preconceived opinions, and, I trust, to surrender some
of my ancient prejudices.
September 19.-Our monotonous routine was
this day somewhat relieved by an accession to
the number of prisoners, by the arrival of sixtyeight, who had been captured in Western Virginia. Among the officers were Captain Ralph
Hunt, 1st Kentucky Regiment; Captain James
Bense, 6th Ohio-Lieut. Gilman and F. S. Shaffer
of the same, and W. B. Fletcher, surgeon, 6th
Indiana.  We learn that several more of the
officers and two hundred and fifty privates are




A PRISONER OF WAR.


129


to be sent to-morrow to Louisiana-to New Orleans or Baton Rouge.
This morning I drew up a petition, which
was signed by all the officers, and addressed to
General John H. Winder, asking for the release
of Mr. Calvin Huson, jr. It was transmitted by
the hands of the commissary. We had entertained the hope that, under the circumstances,
this gentleman might receive his discharge, and
be permitted to accompany the surgeons who
were to be released and sent to Old Point in the
morning. No answer, however, was received to
our communication during the day. Another
interesting duty occupied a portion of the day.
I have written a letter of three pages to my wife.
I gave to her every consolation which the case
allowed, urging her to exercise all the patience
in her power, and assuring her of my return, to
our home bye and Bye. This letter goes by the
surgeons to Washington. In compliance also
with the particular request of Captain J. B.
Drew, of the 2d Vermont Regiment, who was
one of the officers who had been sent to Castle
Pinckney, I wrote to Lucy Lovell, Burlington,
Vermont, informing her of the captain's removal
to that place.
September 20.-The surge6ns do not leave till
to-morrow morning. There has been a general
dearth of news to-day. I am whiling away the
6*




130


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


time by reading the " Diary of a Medical Stu-.
dent," by Warren, author of "Diary of a Physician," "Ten Thousand a Year," &c., and shall
soon complete it.
The nights and mornings begin to assume the
chilliness of the autumnal season, and in the
mornings a dense fog seems to hang over the
town, but clears away quite early.     The city
railway passes our quarters, which affords some
variety to the prisoners.
September 21.-One of the most thrilling
stories in "The Medical Student" is. that of
" Southron, the Atheist;" the recital is most
vivid and affecting. Oh! the power of the pen,
wielded by a genius!
This morning the surgeons left for Norfolk.
Two hundred and fifty prisoners were sent to
New Orleans, and three officers of volunteers:
Captain McIvor, 69th N. Y. S. M., Lieut. Welch,
1st Minnesota, and Lieut. Hutchinson, 15th Pennsylvania.
The troops sent away to-day were taken from
the second and third stories of this building, and
for once since our stay here, a little quiet prevails over our heads.
An atrocious act of barbarity occurred to-day,
which is the first of the kind in the history of
our confinement as prisoners of war in Richmond.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


131


Among many other trifling, not to say senseless, regulations adopted by the officers on guard
here, more particularly in respect to the privates,
is one requiring that the soldiers should keep away
from the windows, and not look out, and in many
previous instances they have been fired at by the
guards stationed in the rear of the buildings
where they have been confined; and musket-balls
have penetrated the windows, the men narrowly
escaping, whenever from     inadvertence this rule
happened to be disobeyed. No serious injury,
until to-day, has taken place-the prisoners thus
far having escaped the balls of the fiendish sentinels, frequently fired at them from the outside.
A  young and intelligent man, corporal in
the 79th New York Regiment, while engaged
in shaking his blanket out of the third story
window, was shot through the breast by a musket-ball, fired by one of the Georgia Regiment.
Poor fellow! he lived but a few minutes, and
was immediately taken to the dead-house, in rear
of our quarters, and put into a coffin, before the
body could possibly have had the decent respect
of becoming cold, and the lid was screwed down
in most reckless haste.*
"* The outrage here alluded to was described by a Richmond
journal, in the subjoined language: " One of the Yankee prisoners
confined in Liggon's factory, was shot by a sentry, about half-past
nine o'clock on Saturday, under the following circumstances:-The




132


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


This act of savage barbarity towards a defenceless being in a prison, already worn down by the
severity of a long confinement, and guilty of no
offence but that of shaking his blanket at the
window, calls out the deepest indignation. I do
not believe that this cruelty can be known by
General Winder or the Secretary of War.               The
guard had received orders not to permit the prisoners to put their
heads out of the windows. The party shot had done this repeatedly,
and had been cautioned that it was against orders. The last caution was followed by the application of a vile epithet to the guard,
and the obtrusion of half the body of the prisoner from the window. The discharge of the sentry's gun followed, and the death
of the offending party immediately ensued. The name of the prisoner was Wm. C. Beck, a member of the 10th company, 79th New
York Regiment." The testimony of a fellow-soldier touching this affair was, that the man was killed while hanging up his blanket on
the inside of the window to dry;-the ball entered his forehead and
he fell instantly dead. Another man thus murdered was Private
R. Gleason. Two others met a similar fate, but their names are not
known. Four other soldiers are known to have been wounded in a
similar manner, and another one killed. The prisoners were occasionally permitted to visit, in couples, an outhouse in the prisonyard, and as Private C. W. Tibbetts and a companion were going
thither, " with the consent of the guard," a sentinel on the opposite
side deliberately raised his gun and fired at them;-Tibbetts was
killed, and his companion wounded in the arm. Both of those murdered, it is said, were buried in the Negro graveyard.
Lieutenant Hart informs the Editor that on the morning after
one of these murders, a Richmond paper noticed the circumstance
in the following words:-" Died on yesterday (Sunday) a Yankee
prisoner, from concussion of the brain, brought on by a sudden fit
of expectoration." The man was in reality shot between the eyes,
put in his coffin all covered with blood, and before the body was
cold, was carried by negroes in a wagon to the negro graveyard.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


133


officer of the day has just called the roll for Saturday night, and I must lay down my pen, to
indulge in thoughts of my far-off home.
September 22.-The ninth week has now arrived since my arrest, and yet no more prospect
for my release, or scarcely as much perhaps, as
during the first of my sojourn here. The idea of
an exchange of prisoners by our Government
seems to be ignored altogether, and equally abandoned or suspended by the " Confederates" as I
infer; otherwise they would not have sent the
Federal prisoners to Charleston and New Orleans.
It would seem   a harsh and wanton act of
cruelty to send those prisoners, after a confinement
of two months, thickly huddled together in a
state of much destitution, and entirely out of
money, into the extreme South, there to eke out
an imprisonment, none can tell how long, in some
dilapidated fort or jail until the U. S. Government gets time to determine whether these brave
fellows taken on the field of battle, fighting to
uphold the flag of our country, are really worth
the trouble of exchange or not.
I sat at the door as they came down the stairway-some with blankets, haversacks, or articles
of this sort, but most of them with no other clothing but shirts and pantaloons, just as they were
clad when taken on the field of battle. All, however, wore cheerful countenances that seemed to




134


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


say, " we have enlisted in this war, and are ready
to brave its consequences and hardships as well
in one place as in another." True enough, go
they must, and go they did, saluting the officers
as they descended to our quarters, in passing out.
My feelings were deeply touched on witnessing
the subdued manliness and bearing with which
they took up their line of march towards the
place of their departure.
To change the theme a little abruptly, I will
note, that the officers insist that I shall step to
the door to see some person who says he has
travelled fifteen miles in order to get one look at
me, and will give ten dollars if I will but grant
him that privilege. I declined, and a gentleman
asked my permission to allow some one to personate me in order to get the promised fee, which
I also declined. I learn that this deception has
been in several instances practised by some of
the roguish officers, but never with my consent
or knowledge.
Of course in every such instance, the individual has gone away with an erroneous impression
of the personal appearance of the " Yankee Congressman.7"*
* One of Mr. Ely's fellow-prisoners, Corporal W. R. Merrell, in
a letter addressed to a friend gives us the following:-Some of the
Union officers would insist upon " stirring up the animals," that
we might make sport for the Philistines. Mr. Ely was designated
as the elephant, but as he had lost his trunk at Bull Run he had




A PRISONER OF WAAR.


135


Last night it was cold, and with all our windows closed, and our blankets on our cots, we
slept cold; and I could not but be reminded of
the poor soldiers in the tents, who were but half
clothed and lying perhaps upon the bare ground.
The Examiner contains an article this morning,
taken from the New     York World, on the subject
of an exchange of prisoners, advocating it in strong
and forcible arguments. Indeed, the principal
public journals in the North are unanimous in
advocating this humane policy; but the Administration still holds out, if not in opposition to
it, yet as a subject open to protracted deliberation. Could the President and his Cabinet mingle with the prisoners at Richmond. or Charleston
for a single day, and know their destitution, and
hear the sentiments engendered by this apparent
neglect of them in their imprisonment, all technical difficulties would be waived, and an exchange
would not be far distant. We, the victims of this
policy, cannot but think that the course pursued
by the Government is neither wise nor humane;
and the language of many able men, and of the
no disposition to appear on exhibition before the deriding savages,
notwithstanding frequent bids among the chivalric gentry:" Where's the little man with the big head? I reckon I'd like to
see him, and I'll give you ten dollars if you will show him up."
The prison exchequer was low, but Mr. Ely entertained too mild
an appreciation of Confederate currency to yield to the temptations
which beset him.




136


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


leading journals of the country, indicates that our
opinions have not been altogether biassed by personal considerations.
Of all the days which I have spent in the
Richmond tobacco factory as a prisoner, this has
been the most desolate, the longest, and the bluest.
My feelings are approaching to despair at what appears my unreasonable detention; and my health,
though still good, will not, I fear, continue so.
Day after day I have endeavored to console myself with the idea that something would soon be
done by our Government for our release; but I
am disappointed, and no hope seems left. The
month of October is already close at hand; my
family and private affairs demand my attention at
home, and I cannot but feel distracted and restless
at times; and on such occasions as the present,
any thing like consolation offered would seem
quite unavailing.
September 24.-This morning having learned
that one of the citizen prisoners, Mr. Eister, was
to go to Norfolk to-morrow, I have again written
to my family, and also one or two letters to Washington. Were it not for the occasional return of
prisoners under flags of truce, it would be difficult
to send any letters north of the Potomac; all communication in other directions being entirely interdicted.
This afternoon Mr. Branch and three ladies




A PRISONER OF WAR.


137


rode up to the prison quarters, and sent in some
money to me. I went to the door and saluted
my visitors, and addressed Mr. B. a note df thanks,
while sitting in his carriage, for his kindness to
me. This is Barnum Field's friend, who called
upon me many days since and loaned me money,
and the same person to whom I had sent the draft
on Boston, &c., before alluded to. In my note
I told him that if he had received those papers
he might destroy them, as I did not need more
than the sum I had borrowed from him, which I
would return to him on my arrival home. He
replied that the papers had been received, but he
had been absent, and for that reason they had not
been attended to; but he would write me on his
return home. Soon after the carriage drove off,
Mr. B. and the ladies bowing as they left the place.
Calvin Huson, jr., has been very sick in bed
nearly all day, and I confess his situation alarms
me, as it has assumed a critical aspect. The hospital physician attends him, and has administered
very faithfully to his case. All the officers feel
much sympathy for him, and are very attentive to
his wants.
I have declined to see any more visitors today, on account of my engagement in preparing
letters to Mrs. Ely and others, which I scarcely
got in readiness before the messenger cried out,
" Letters! letters! letters!"




138


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


September 25.-A large number of privates,
said to be two hundred and fifty, were sent South
this afternoon. Last evening forty-seven prisoners from Western Virginia arrived in Richmond,
and the Examiner announces their advent in the
annexed complimentary notice:
" ARRIVAL OF HESSIAN PRISONERS.
'The Central cars that arrived last evening
brought an instalment of forty-seven. Hessians, including a Captain Cox and others, recently captured by the First Virginia Cavalry, under Col. J.
L. Davis, on Cole River, in Boone County. Capt.
Cox and a companion (an officer) seemed to have
established themselves on a footing of familiar intercourse with their custodians, and were kept
apart from the men-a motley, truculent set of
niiserable-looking scoundrels. In the crowd were
one or two 'Union' men. No one could see them
without being convinced immediately that a much
stronger affair than the late Republic would have
ultimately fallen to pieces when advocated by
such cut-throat-looking fellows. The prisoners
were carried to one of the depots on Main
street." [
This afternoon a most pitiable spectacle was
presented to the citizens of Richmond, which, I
hope for the sake of humanity, will not find
many counterparts in the history through which




A PRISONER OF WAR.


139


we are now passing. A strong guard marched
to  the   prison  some 4fifteen citizens of Western
Virginia, several of them         very  old   men-one
aged 75 years, poorly clad, and looking most forlorn and desolate, and ready, it would seem
from all appearance, soon to bid adieu to earthly
toil.*
Poor old creature! I was told that in his
homely little farm-house among the mountains in
Western Virginia, where he had quietly lived for
more than     half a century, protected in       all his
rights, and rehearsing to his children and grandchildren year after year, with all the rapture of
his youthful zeal, the part he bore in the war of
1812, in defence of the Stars and Stripes, he had
dared to say that he loved the good old flag still.
"* That the Rebel Government was occasionally as severe upon
its own disloyal or unruly citizens, as upon the Union prisoners, the
subjoined particulars will prove. To such a strait was the " Confederacy" reduced for prison accommodations, (for almost every
unoccupied house had been converted into a hospital for the sick
and wounded from Manassas,) that they caused a Colonel Adler of
the " Wise Legion " to be confined for a time in one of the prisons.
He had refused to obey some order from his General, and been sentenced to be shot; and, while awaiting his execution, was thus imprisoned with the Union men. He tried to kill himself with his
sword, to avoid 'the coming disgrace, but was not successful. He
excited the sympathy of the Union officers, who treated him with
kindness; but this friendly treatment was observed by the Rebel
officers, and the Colonel was removed to the Common Jail, probably
from fear that he might make revelations detrimental to the Rebel
cause.




140


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


For this offence, as I was assured, he was arrested
and brought several hundred miles to this city;
and here he is now imprisoned simply because he
was not willing to renounce, in his declining years,
the Government which his long life had taught
him to revere.
September 26.-Thus far I have been imprisoned, without making a personal effort to get discharged, but to-day I feel impelled by a sense of
duty to my family, to make an effort, since it
appears that no exchange is contemplated. I
therefore addressed the following communication
to the Acting Secretary of War:
"PrISONERS' QUARTERS,
" RICHMOND, VA., September 26, 1861.
"SIR: I have been a prisoner of war at Richmond in close confinement for more than two
months, without asking the privilege of leaving
my quarters once.
" So far as I am aware, there are no charges
against me, unless it be that I am a member of
the United States Congress. If, however, I am
mistaken in this regard, I desire to ask the reasonable courtesy of a hearing before yourself, or
such other officer as you may please to designate
for that purpose.
"I am, sir, with great respect,
"L ALFRED ELY.
"Hon. I. P. BENJAMIN,
" Acting Secretary of War."




A PRISONER OF WAR.


141


The hour is so late that I am unable to send
this letter this evening. I shall be disappointed
if any thing beneficial grows out of it; but be
that as it may, it will relieve me from the imputation of neglect in endeavoring to assist myself,
and I will try to ascertain for my own satisfaction whether the " Confederacy " intend to arrest
citizens without cause, and then deny them the
privilege of a hearing.
An intelligent officer remarked to me to-day,
by way of accounting for the refusal of our Government to exchange prisoners, that they might
imagine that the example of our long imprisonment would stimulate our troops in battle, to
fight to the death, rather than surrender and be
punished by a tedious imprisonment. I trust the
American soldier needs no such stimulant to excite him to the performance of his duty.
September 27.-My communication to the Acting Secretary of War was despatched to him this
morning by Captain Jackson Warner, the commissary. If it meets with any consideration from
the department to which it is addressed I shall
feel gratified; it is, however, more than I. expect.
September 28.-The Rev. J. L ---B ---
is among the number of clerical gentlemen at
Richmond who have occasionally visited our
quarters, and he has done so more frequently
than any other of his professional brethren. Far




142


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


be it from me to speak in terms of disrespect of
the clergy. Most of those who have done us the
honor to visit us, have conducted their intercourse in a manner which indicated a just appreciation of our relative situations for the time
being. Their kindness and delicacy have prompted them to abstain from offensive inquiries or remarks, and to advance other topics of discussion
than politics, the defeat at Manassas, the invasion
of Virginia, and other points calculated to excite
feeling.
It has indeed been gratifying to the officers
generally that these clergymen have acted with
all the proprieties which belonged to their sacred
calling, with one exception and one only.
I refer to the Rev. Dr. B-, and the exception in his case should apply to all the occasions when he has visited the officers, and not
merely to a single instance. This gentleman is
pastor of one of the religious societies in the city
of Richmond, but is a native of New York, and
formerly resided in Philadelphia.
He has a short, thick-set, burly figure, wears
a white cravat, and uses a cane, upon which,
while standing, he reclines, and with a sort of
upturned posture of his head, and an expression
of countenance which    seems to exult over the
misfortunes of the fallen, he enters readily into
conversation.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


143


He covers up his malignity towards the North,
as well as he is able, under the guise of his sacred
calling, with expressions of the deepest sympathy,
made intense by a sort of heavenly smile. He
opens his sacerdotal budget of venom, and discourses upon the political errors of our people, and
cites with much flippancy individual instances of
the cruelties of our army. He thinks that the sad
spectacle of civil war, the hundreds weltering in
their gore, the agonies in the hospitals, filled with
the wounded and dying victims, the destruction
of Christian brotherhood and sacred ties of family, and the overthrow of civilization itself, are
the legitimate consequences of this unholy invasion by Northern vandals.
So says this infatuated priest. He smiles, and
simpers, and deplores our unhappy condition as
prisoners of war, and, by way of administering
spiritual consolation, has distributed among the
disconsolate a large quantity of tracts upon the
beauties of Southern rebellion.
The last visit of this pious divine was made
but a few days ago; and although the officers
have, in every way, during his visits, tried to manifest their contempt for him, still he continues to
intrude his unwelcome company upon us.
No one took notice of him upon his last advent,
and yet he forced his attention upon two or three
gentlemen, and expressed his huge horror that Abe




144


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Lincoln had arrested some of the members of the
Maryland Legislature. ' King Bomba," said he,
" did not do worse." Suffice it to say that he is
most heartily despised by every officer here, and
it would not be surprising if, upon their return
home, some of them paid their respects to the
reverend gentleman through the public press, in a
style that would not be very complimentary to
his spiritual labors at the prison.
September 29.-No especial incident has occurred to-day. Being Sunday, it was well observed. The Rev. John F. Mines officiated in the
morning, among the Volunteers on the first and
second floors, and the Rev. Mr. Church before the
officers in our quarters in the evening,
As I am in the way of referring to the clergy
at this time, it gives me great pleasure to speak
of the Rev. Mr. Mines, of Grace Church, Bath,
Maine, and Chaplain of the Second Maine Regiment Volunteers. This gentleman was born in
the city of Paris, France-is a graduate of Trinity College, of Hartford, Connecticut-is about
twenty-six years of age, very youthful in appearance, and about the medium height. His wife
was, I believe, originally from Hartford, and, with
two children, is awaiting his return in that city.
He is of a pleasant and cheerful turn of mind, always polite in his intercourse, and of agreeable
manners; and this, united with a fund of ready




A PRISONER OF WAR.


145


wit, makes him a most attractive and instructive
companion. Being of the Episcopal Church, he
reads the Church service in a very clear and articulate manner, and much after the style of Bishop
Whitehouse. His sermons are afiimated, and delivered in a spirit of earnest simplicity, which, in
my humble judgment, is the acme of pulpit eloquence.
I will venture to prophesy that, at no distant
day, this young divine will be esteemed among
the ablest and most eloquent heads of our Church.
September 30. —I was not disappointed in the
result of my letter to Mr. Benjamin, on the 26th
inst., and give his reply, which has been promptly
made
" CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, WAR DEPARTMENT,
Richmond, September 28, 1861.
"ALFRED ELY, ESQ.,
"Prisoners' Quarters, Richmond, Va.
" SR: In reply to your letter of the 26th inst.,
I am directed by the Secretary of War to say
that there is no charge against you, and therefore
no reason why your request for a hearing should
be granted. You are simply held as a prisoner
of war.
"Respectfully,
"A. T. BLEDSOE,
"Chief Bureau of War."
I should like to be informed by Mr. Judah P.




146


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Benjamin, who is a distinguished lawyer, upon
what principle of international law, or law of war,
I can be held as a prisoner of war. Under the
usages which have long prevailed among civilized
nations, individuals altogether unconnected with
the military service, unarmed, and whose occupations are altogether of a civil kind, are not considered subject to the same restraint as those who
are captured in hostile array.
I am thus given to understand that it is the
purpose of the "Confederate Powers" to retain
me as a prisoner of war until all other prisoners
are exchanged or paroled. The prospect is by no
means consolatory; but whatever my fate may be,
I have manliness enough to meet it.
October 1.-Time in its unceasing roll has
brought me down to October's frosty morn, and
here I am still, engaged in dotting down the inside events of prison life, and such few incidents
as come to me from the outside world. This
morning the Richmond Enquirer comes out with
an article in a strain of commiseration wholly gratuitous
" Poor Ely.-Prison life agrees with the Hon.
Alfred Ely, M. C., of New York. Three weeks ago
we saw the living portrait of the captive Congressman in a frame-work of prison bars, and we thought
of him as the man in the play thought of Richard




A PRISONER OF WAR.


147


ye Third, that he 'had not that cheer and alacrity
of mind which he was wont to have.' The Honorable did not then appear to have been in good
condition, either; he was quite wan, and as thin
as a Yankee. We looked upon the same picture
with its former surroundings a day or two ago,
and feel compelled, by the importance of the information, to chronicle the fact that the luckless
Representative of Rochester has considerably improved in health, looks, and spirits. He has actually grown fat, and was as merry on the occasion
of our visit as a cricket, which is, we believe, the
highest recognized type of unbounded merriment.
" Congressman Ely is not, however, entirely
contented. His chief and frequent complaint is
of an unwholesome odor, which he has detected
in the prison, from which we infer that, despite
the great vigilance and watchful care of the prison
officers, the captive Yankees are sometimes neglectful of their compulsory habits of personal
cleanliness. The Hon. M. C. has another leetle
sort of discontent. He doesn't think he has been
fairly treated by the United States, and he does
think that Republics are ungrateful. He is inclined to regard'it as especially and peculiarly
hard that Abe Lincoln should permit one to linger in captivity, who voted, without so much as
a moment's hesitation, for every measure proposed
by the Administration to 'crush out this rebel



148


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


lion,' while his release could be obtained by simply recognizing the Southern Confederacy, or by
admitting that they are belligerents. This case
is certainly one of great hardship. Poor Ely!"
This article was written by Mr. Tayleure, associate editor of the Enquirer, who was formerly
one of the newspaper reporters in the United
States House of Representatives. He called to
see me with the editor of the Examiner. Tayleure I recollect slightly as one of the reporters
in the House, but had no particular acquaintance
with him. He is a young man, I should infer, of
some writing ability. We had a talk and a good
laugh over his remarkable notice!
Mr. Huson is very sick with fever, and seems
to grow worse daily; he is greatly reduced in
flesh, and it is about time to think seriously of the
result. I have made application repeatedly to
General Winder and Dr. Higginbotham, hospital
surgeon, to permit him to return home with the
wounded, who are to leave in the steamboat for
Fortress Monroe on Sunday next. The result of
these applications has not yet been favorable. I
have been attentive to his wants, and have endeavored to make him as; comfortable as possible.
October 2.-Sometime last month a little incident occurred which I forgot to chronicle at the
time, and I will do it here:




A PRISONER OF WAER.


149


Two gentlemen appeared in front of our quarters, and finding themselves unable to get in to
see us, they wrote me a note after learning that I
had declined to see them, thus:
"We intend no disrespect to Mr. Ely, but
would have been most happy to have called upon
him, if permitted. One of us is from the loins of
one of Connecticut's noblest statesmen, James
Hilhouse.
"Yours, &c.,
" MR. NoRmns."
This note was passed into the window to one
of the officers, and handed to me, and was intended as an apology for the request they made for
my appearance at the door, when they found it
impossible to get inside. Still I declined the
proffered interview.
October 3.-This morning we had some sport.
After breakfast one of the officers came to my
table and requested my presence in the front portion of the building. I found all the officers assembled, and one mounted upon a rostrum. In
his right hand he held a rough hewn oaken szord,
and in the other a piece of unstranded manilla
rope, which represented a sash. He commenced
immediately to address me in a strain of commingled eloquence and waggery, which made " Lig



150


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


gon's tobacco factory" resound with peals of
laughter, when he presented me with the two
articles.
I replied, of course, in a like humorous strain,
thanking the association for so valuable a token of
their esteem and consideration, and the whole affair was almost worthy of a. reality. The speeches
were reported by Captain Ralph Hunt, but they
are too lengthy for me to give them any thing
but a passing notice. The editors of the different
Richmond papers learning of the affair came down
to the quarters, and wanted the speeches for publication, but on consideration I declined, or rather
neglected to give them. They, however, noticed
the matter, and the following is from the Dispatch:
Humor of "Prison Life.-" A few days ago a
number of the fellow-prisoners of Congressman
Ely, in this city, desirous of bestowing upon that
ex-honorable some token of personal respect and
veneration, procured a wooden sword, to which
they attached a rope sash, and presented the
trappings of war to him with due form and ceremony. The recipient of the unexpected honor
is said to have been quite overpowered by the
demonstration; but soon recovering his mental
equilibrium, he mounted ' the stump,' and made a
speech in which there was a good deal of fun, and




A PRISONER OF WAR.


151


a lingering shadow of the American flag, but nary
trace of Black Republicanism, so far as we can
learn.   The affair passed off with eclat, and the
whole party subsequently partook of the usual
hospitalities of the prison.      The committee appointed to request a copy of the speech for publication have not yet reported."
The commissary has called, and desires to take
my sword and sash to the Dispatch office.           He
wants to put them on exhibition.*
I regret to note that Mr. Huson is still very
sick indeed, and is most anxious to return home
on Sunday, but I am in great doubt whether it
will be allowed-the chances are rather against it,
so far as I can learn.
October 4.-There is nothing to-day of any
importance.     Mr. Huson growing worse, and re"* The following statement is re-produced for the benefit exclusively of the gentleman concerned, and for the information of the
public. The editor of the Dispatch visited the upper quarters of
the prison in disguise, and regaled the prisoners with plug tobacco
and cigars, and professed the deepest sympathy. The day following
he spread before his readers an account of what he had seen and
had been told him in a kind of confidence; and he took occasion
to denounce them in the most unsparing terms. 1" Tray, Blanche,
and Sweetheart" joined in this chivalric howl, and for a season
little else was advocated by the Richmond press than a proposition
to remove the "lazy Yankees " to the coal mines, as soon as their
wounds were healed, and compel them to work for their living.
The editor of the Dispatch renewed his visit, but was recognized,
and treated accordingly.




152


JOUINAL OF ALFRED ELY,


quiring watchers night and day, they were duly
provided for him.
October 5.-Mr. Huson growing worse, was
delirious last night and very restless. He has a
raging fever, and the remarks among the officers
are that he will not recover. I think myself that
the chances are growing less; every possible attention is paid to him.
Divine service was performed by the Rev. Mr.
Church this evening.
October 6.-The Surgeon-general has finally
declined to send Mr. Huson'home with the wounded, and he feels grievously disappointed. The.Enquirer thus notices him this morning:
" A  Prominent Civilian Prisoner.-Among
the prisoners of war in Tobacco Warehouse, Prison
No. 1, at Rockett's, is Calvin Huson, jr., of Rochester, N. Y., who was captured near the battlefield of Bull Run, in the carriage of Congressman
Ely, also a prisoner in the same warehouse. Mr.
Huson was the opponent of Mr. Ely for the position of Representative of the Rochester District
in Congress, and was defeated by the latter after
an animated contest. He is a lawyer of some distinction, and was formerly District Attorney of
the city of Rochester. He is said to have been
present upon the battle-field, through motives of
humanity to certain members of the regiment from




A PRISONER OF WAR.


153


the district in which he resides. Huson is now
quite ill of typhoid fever, and has been so for several weeks past. He is kindly cared for, both by
our surgeons and by Mr. Ely, who is his constant
attendant."
The preceding notice of Mr. Huson grew out
of my conversation with the editors of the newspapers, to whom I communicated the fact of his
illness, and some matters connected with his personal history. It was read to him in his sick-bed
this morning. Dr. Higginbotham stated to Mr.
Huson that he was too sick to allow of his going
home to-day, even if the Surgeon-general would
have assented.
Divine service was performed this evening by
the Rev. John F. Mines.
October 7.-About two months and a half have
elapsed, and here am I still detained, a prisoner
of war, with no abatement of the prospect of a
continued stay.
I have ventured a small wager with Lieutenants Park, Glover, and Merrill, and Captain Hunt,
that our release would take place by the twentyfifth of this month. There is nothing in the way
of definite information to encourage this prospect,
and if I should lose the wager, it will at least
have had the good effect of keeping up the lively
7*




154


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


hopes of my associates, some of whom are getting
despondent.
The day is rainy, and exceedingly gloomy and
unpleasant; still, it has some cheerful incidents.
This morning some gentlemen and ladies rode
down in coaches to our quarters-among the
number, a Mississippi cotton planter and his entire family of sons and daughters. Captain Gibbs
came for me, and said they were anxious to see
me if I was willing; and thinking it would be an
agreeable interview, I complied.
Certainly I was not disappointed. Mr. and
Mrs. Hunt, especially, were very agreeable. We
had a long conversation, and I may say an interesting one. This gentleman resides within a few
miles of the city of Natchez, and is said to be very
wealthy. He was frank enough to remark that
he had read and heard so much of my capture,
that, on his arrival, his curiosity and that of his
wife led them to call upon me. We separated
with mutual feelings of good will, and expressed
equal gratification at our interview.
Again I was sent for by several Southern gentlemen, most of them military officers, who were
very polite, and exceedingly cautious to say nothing that might be offensive to me on the subject
of the war.
They did not converse as if all tJhe right of this
military struggle was with the South, or seem de



A PRISONER OF WAR.


155


sirous of eliciting my opinions upon the different
topics connected with it. One of the officers, from
Tennessee, who had before visited me, and seemed
to appreciate my candor in reviewing the events
of the war, presented me with a wee little jug of
most excellent brandy, wrapped in a paper, evidently procured for the purpose.
It was very acceptable, and of course I was not
slow in manifesting my thanks for his kindness.
I regret that I have forgotten the name and address of this gentleman. He was a fine-looking
officer, and he knew how to listen-a rare quality,
by the way. One could not fail to discover that
he had an appreciative mind.
About noon to-day a carriage drove up to the
door, with ladies and gentlemen, and while at dinner Captain Gibbs came in, holding up a beautiful
bouquet, and stated that he was delegated to present it to Mr. Ely from ladies, but declined to give
the officers and myself the names of the donors.
I desired the Captain to tender my most cordial
thanks to the ladies for the refreshing compliment.
The donor, however, I suspect, was Mrs. Hunt,
who was at the prison in the morning with her
husband.
Mr. Huson is very much worse to-day. This
seems evident to me, and I intend to renew my efforts to get him removed to some private dwelling.
The commissary assures me that he will go up




156


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


to General Winder and recommend his removal.
I feel much distressed in regard to his illness. He
was taken sick on the tenth day of September,
twenty-seven days ago, and it is time to be alarmed.
Dr. Higginbotham, however, constantly insists that
he is getting better, but I cannot perceive it. He
suffers intensely; and it seems to me that no person could endure such suffering for any length of
time. I have procured two different nurses for
him, the last a most excellent one, and some days
since the commissary furnished him with sheets,
pillows, and cases, which he took from his own
bed, and he is as comfortable in this particular as
he possibly can be here.
He has manifested much desire for me to sit
by his bed-side and talk, and tell him the news.
I did this always, and often until I thought it
fatigued him. Other gentlemen have done the
same, and all have manifested deep sympathy for
his situation, and do every thing in their power
to relieve his suffering.
I have asked him to-day if he would not like
to be removed to some private house; I had not
before informed him of my efforts to accomplish
this end, as I was not sure I could do it. He
gave his consent, and I then told him what I was
doing, and that I should know definitely in the
morning. Mr. Warner assured me that he would
not fail to attend to it.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


157


October 8.-Mr. Huson is said by some of the
officers to look better this morning, but a different opinion prevails with. others. He is sinking,
sinking, sinking; this is most evident to me. Oh,
if I can only get him out of this prison to-day, it
seems as if I would be willing to stay here myself
an indefinite time. It is the only thing that will
save his life. He asked me almost the first thing
this morning, if I had heard any thing more of
his removal to a private house, and I replied that
it was yet too early. He seems less inclined to
talk, and less able to do so to-day. I am waiting
with great anxiety to ascertain the result of my
application to the Acting Secretary of War as
to his removal.
This evening just before tea, Captain Gibbs
came into the quarters, and desired me to step
into his office. On going in he exhibited to me
a paper, and said it was an order from the "Secretary of War," directing the removal of Mr. H.
as I had requested; and that, as it would be attended with some expense, it was necessary to
know whether Mr. H. had funds with him to defray it. - I assured him that I would take the responsibility of attending to the matter myself.
All this I communicated to Mr. Huson, and
he seemed to revive at the prospect before him.
We talked a great deal about different matters,
and particularly as to what articles he had hung




158


JOtURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


up over and about his bed, which he wanted to
take with him to his boarding-house.
His nurse now awoke, and I left Mr. H. with
instructions to the man not to sleep or leave him
for a moment, and to call me if any change took
place.
October 9.-Mr. Huson remains about the
same, but had a very restless night, slept but
little, and tells me that it was the worst night
he had spent. His countenance, however, looks
brighter, but his tongue continues, as it has been
for many days, very much swollen and white with
deep ridges. He talked but little, but stated that
he thought, " on the average," as he styled it, he
was a little better.
I have packed together all his things, as the
commissary has just informed me they had procured for him a boarding-place in the family of
Mrs. John Van Lew, a wealthy person, living in
one of the finest mansions in Richmond.
He was removed from his cot bed under the
direction of the physician and Captain Warner,
and surrounded by all the United States officers
here, to a litter which was placed beside the cot,
and after being carefully protected by the requisite blankets, he was borne through the streets
in the most comfortable manner to Mrs. Van
Lew's residence upon Church Hill.
While all the officers felt sad to part with him




A PRISONER OF WAR.


159


in this condition, they rejoiced for his sake that
he was to go away from the painful noise and
disturbance necessarily created by forty or fifty
officers, quartered in the same room with himself,
to the comforts of a private dwelling, and the
tender care which ladies know best how to bestow.   My own feelings I must confess were most
melancholy at his departure.       When he arrived
here he was healthy and robust in appearance,
and it seemed scarcely possible he could be stricken down and become so helpless and emaciated in
so short a time.
The Captain of the Post requested him to execute his written parole, not to depart from the
city of Richmond on his recovery, without the
consent of the " Confederate Government," which
he signed in bed, and it was the last time he ever
wrote his name.*
I procureA the parole of the nurse, Mr. Francis E. Clark, and sent him     to the house, to con"* The exaction of a written parole under such circumstances
will impress the public mind with pain and astonishment; but after
all, is it not in perfect keeping with the conduct of the guards in
shooting inoffensive prisoners, as already stated in this Journal, and
also with the manifesto lately issued by certain dignitaries of the
"Confederacy," that the women of the South must burn their
dwellings, and destroy all their property, rather than have them
exposed to the advancing army of the Union? It does seem as if
the folly and madness of the hour in the Rebel States had never
been surpassed by the most savage nations of antiquity.




160


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


tinue his duties, as he had proved in prison so faithful and attentive.
This afternoon before Mr. H. left I asked him,
if I had an opportunity to write home, what I
should say in respect to his illness; he desired me
to say simply that he was sick but getting better.
I told him I would do so. Before this I had
written two -letters to Mrs. Ely, stating that Mr.
Huson was ill, and in the last I said that he had
been in his bed for two or three weeks, and was
still dangerously sick; that she had better call
upon Mrs. Huson and say that her husband was
sick, but not to alarm her by telling her fully all
I had written. Of course, I had not communicated this to Mr. Huson.
October 10.-This morning Dr. Higginbotham
and Mr. Warner, the commissary, both informed
me that Mr. Huson was decidedly better, and I
felt encouraged, and hoped that with the careful
nursing and quietude he was now enjoying he
might recover.   This evening Mr. Warner reported to me that he had just come from Mrs.
Van Lew's, and that Mr. Huson was better, and
had remarked that he would give one hundred
dollars if his family could see for one moment
how comfortably situated he was, and the care
the ladies took of him. I am now more encouraged than ever to think that he will get well.
October 11.-Dr. Higginbotham reports this




A PRISONER OF WAR.


161


morning that Mr. Huson remains about the same,
not any better as he thinks. The statement of
the doctor I believe is an admission that he is in
more danger, for heretofore he has spoken so
confidently of his improvement.
I have heard from Mr. H. from several different sources through the day; and the summary of
it all is, that he is no better, and it looks unfavorable; many of the officers express their doubts
as to his recovery.
This evening, the officers and myself have
discussed the propriety of telegraphing the fact
of his illness to Mrs. Huson, but it was opposed
by many of the gentlemen on the ground that it
was impossible for his family to come to Richmond, and it certainly would do no good. It
was also finally ascertained that it was impossible
to send a despatch either by way of Louisville,
Kentucky, or by way of New Orleans at this
time, as all communication through these channels
had been cut off. This of course put an end to
the matter.
October 12.-Mr. Huson no better; the physicians do not speak very confidently this morning about him. I am sure that his case is growing more doubtful, and I will endeavor to obtain
permission to visit him in the course of the day.
The commissary, who has always spoken so confidently, as well as feelingly about his recovery,




162


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


has a hesitancy of expression in regard to him
this evening, which confirms my suspicions that he
cannot get well, unless an immediate change for
the better takes place.
What, oh, what must be the feeling of his
wife and little family if death should overtake
him here, many hundred miles.from his home and
friends?  If I could but communicate with them,
even though they could not reach Richmond, it
would at least be some satisfaction, to them to
know in the future that they had been apprised
at least of his sickness,-but this is impossible.
Mr. Warner came in this morning looking
downcast about Mr. H. This excellent man and
faithful officer has been as devoted to Mr. H. as a
brother could have been. The tears ran down
his cheeks this evening in his interview with me,
he was so rejoiced at the idea of his being in his
comfortable quarters at Mrs. Van Lew's. I think
Mr. Warner himself begins to doubt his recovery,
but does not say so.
October 13.-I confess that I was almost afraid
to hear from Mr. H. this morning, but the report
does not seem to indicate any marked change
from  yesterday.  Later-I have just been informed that the doctor thinks him no worse;
explains the fact that they sent for the physicians,
by saying that the ladies became frightened at
the hard breathing of Mr. Huson. I will go and




A PRISONER OF WAR.


163


see him to-morrow, even if they all say he is
better. Captain Gibbs will, no doubt,.walk up
with me.
October 14.-This morning while at breakfast,
one of the Lieutenants called me to see a lady
at the door in a carriage, and I went immediately.
The Lieutenant introduced me to Miss Van Lew,
whom I at once recognized as the same lady who
had visited our quarters on the second day after
my arrival, and she informed me that Mr. Huson
was at her mother's house. I discovered that she
was in tears, and she instantly spoke, and said,
" she had bad news to tell me."  Mr. Huson is
not dead! said I. " No," she replied, but she did
not think it possible for him to live; he was insensible and had been so most of the night, and
she desired me to come up to her house. She
immediately rode away, and I returned to my
quarters to prepare to go.    I waited about
twenty minutes for Captain Gibbs to accompany
me, and as I was going from the door, a messenger came down from Mrs. Van Lew's with the
mournful announcement that Mr. Huson Ivas
DEAD!
On my arrival at the house, I was conducted
to his room, and lo! before me lay the lifeless
form of my friend, cold in death. Mrs. Van Lew,
and daughter, Francis E. Clark, the nurse, Captain
G. C. Gibbs, C. S. A., and myself, were present.




164


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


We remained in the room all standing over
the body for a few minutes. Some conversation
ensued in regard to his family, and the number of his children, and other similar matters,
when we retired from the room to a different
apartment.
I remained until dark at the house assisting
and advising in regard to the details of the funeral and burial, which seemed proper for me to
arrange, being his nearest friend in a "strange
land."
It was arranged with Mr. Belden, the undertaker, that the funeral should take place at four
o'clock to-morrow afternoon, and that several of
the most prominent officers of the United States
army, who were prisoners of war, and friends of
Mr. Huson, might be present, if possible, at the
ceremonies.
At the suggestion of the ladies, at twelve
o'clock to-day a photographist came to the house
to take a likeness of Mr. H. under the impression that his family might possibly have no portrait of him. But, on the arrival of the artist, the
body had become so changed that it was thought
better not to attempt it in his present condition,
as it could afford no satisfaction to his family and
relations.
When the subject was mentioned to me, I remembered well that, at the trial of John B. Rob



A PRISONER OF WAR.


165


inson at Rochester, the photographs of all the
counsel engaged in that celebrated case were
taken, and Mr. Huson, then Prosecuting Attorney
of the County, was among them; and all these
likenesses were placed in the photographic gallery
of the artist who took them, in the right wing in
"Reynolds' Arcade."   The family, I knew very
well, could obtain this in case they had no other,
which I did not think was at all probable.
I directed the undertaker to procure a metallic coffin, so that his body could at any time
be removed, as in all probability his family
might wish this done at some future day. The
funeral ceremonies were to be performed by an
Episcopal clergyman from this city, or by a Rector of that church, now one of our associate prisoners of war and a friend of Mr. Huson, as I
might choose.
I will here mention a few facts in relation to
the " Van Lew" family, which somewhat embarrass them, as well as myself, in the desire to have
many persons at the funeral. No person, scarcely,
is safe in Richmond who is suspected of entertaining Union sentiments, and this family have already
been subjected to much obloquy and harsh comment in the Richmond papers, for the sympathy
and kindness manifested by some members of the
family towards the " Yankee prisoners," (as we
are called here;) and in this reign of terror and




166


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


proscription they have become alarmed for the
safety of their property as well as of their persons.
In this state of affairs, and despite the frequent
warnings of friends and near neighbors, the love
for the United States Government, and the Christian philanthropy of this most excellent and pious
family, are displayed in deeds of private charity
to Unionists upon every befitting occasion.
The public papers have already made known
that Mr. Huson was a Yankee prisoner of war
and a " prominent civilian," and the family had
more than once listened to unpleasant remarks,
during the first two days of his stay at their house,
for giving " aid and comfort" to a " Black Republican enemy." Under these circumstances it was
not thought altogether safe to convene a large
funeral assemblage; indeed, the " Confederate officers" who were intimate friends of the family,
expressed much disapprobation of any unnecessary publicity on the occasion.
It was thought possible by Captain Gibbs
that he might be compelled to detail a guard for
the protection of the burial service; but to avoid
this unpleasant necessity, he urged upon the family to invite no friends or neighbors, and avoid
the display of a funeral train.
With this admonition, every preparation was
made quietly for the funeral to-morrow.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


167


October 15.-The Richmond Enquirer of this
morning contains a notice of Mr. Huson's death.
I arrived at Mrs. Van Lew's residence this
morning, and found that it was contemplated to
lay out the body in a black broadcloth suit, and
it was purchased for that purpose; but the undertaker advised against it, saying that if the
body was to be removed, it was better to have
the garments as light as possible, and more appropriate ones were therefore procured. His body
was placed in a metallic case and enclosed in a
handsome walnut-wood coffin.   It was removed
to the large parlor of the house-and at the appointed hour the hearse and four carriages arrived
at the door. The family of Mrs. Van Lew, Miss
Carrington, the Rev. John F. Mines, of Bath,
Maine, Lieutenant Bradford, "C. S. A.," the undertaker, and myself were the attendants. The
rector commenced by reading the 15th chapter
of 1st Corinthians, followed by the impressive
burial service of the Episcopal church.
The body was then placed in the hearse, and
the carriages, filled with the persons before named,
moved forward to the burial-ground known as
" Church Hill Cemetery." It is very extensive,
in an elevated portion of the city, and is the resting-place of John Marshall, Patrick Henry, and
many other distinguished dead.*
"* An incident has come to the knowledge of the Editor, con



168


JOURITAL OF ALFRED ELY,


The Rector read the usual burial service at
the grave, and the coffin was lowered, enclosed in
a permanent wooden box. We remained until
the grave was covered over, as we were told such
was the practice here; and when done Miss Van
Lew placed a bunch of roses upon the exile's
grave.
Thus ended the last obsequies of my friend
Calvin Huson, and sad indeed have they been.
He lies in his lonely tomb, as yet unmoistened by
the tears of a single relative. The stricken wife
and affectionate children are yet to endure the
bitter anguish of this dreadful blow! 'Tis but a
few short weeks since he left a happy home and
family in the lively hope of a speedy return, and
little did any anticipate that itwas his final adieu.
He was in vigorous health when he left, but has
been cut down in the midst of a useful life and in
the prime of manhood.
nected with this event, which is worth mentioning. While Captain
Gibbs was at one of the city hotels, a discussion occurred there
between some gentlemen touching the possible escape of Mr. Ely.
One of them had asserted that he believed this prisoner would improve the first opportunity to get away, whereupon Captain Gibbs
declared as follows: " No, gentlemen, he's not the man to do that
thing. When he was about to go to the grave, and I said to him,
I presumed it would be all right, Mr. Ely made this remark:'You know, Captain Gibbs, that I have never asked the authorities for my parole, and I wish you to understand that there is not
money enough in your "Confederacy " to tempt me to leave Virginia, except as a man of honor.' " It is due to the Captain of the
Post, that this handsome conduct on his part should be made
known.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


169


The profession of his adoption and the church
of his faith will mourn the loss of one of their
chief ornaments.
On my return from the funeral this evening,
I ascertained that Dr. Ferguson of New York city,
a wounded surgeon of the United States army,
had been released, and was to leave Richmond in
the early morning train in company with his
mother. As he was not allowed to take any letters, I thought it best to send a telegraphic despatch to Rochester announcing the death of Mr.
Huson, and to address it to some person who
would be likely to be prudent in imparting the
distressing intelligence to Mrs. Huson.
I forwarded to the hotel the following, enclosed in a note to Dr. Ferguson, requesting him
to send it to Rochester as soon as he reached an
office upon the opposite side of the Potomac:
"I RICMOND, VA., October 14th, 1861.
"SAMUIEL P. ALLEN, Rochester, N. Y.:
" Calvin Huson, Jr., died in Richmond this
morning of typhoid fever. Inform Mrs. Huson.
Will write her particulars.
" ALFRED ELY."
I was informed by the messenger who took
the despatch that it would go to Dr. Ferguson,
as I trust it may on account of the uncertainty as
to the sending of a letter to Mrs. Huson.
8




170


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


On my return from the funeral, Captain Gibbs
handed me two letters, addressed to Mr. Huson,
which I ascertained to be from his wife, and I
read them both. They are the anly letters received from her since the arrival of Mr. Huson in
Richmond, and they, alas! have come too late,
These letters are dated September 29th and October 8th, 1861, and arrived at Richmond to-day.
In the evening I addressed Mrs. Huson the
following letter containing the particulars of her
husband's death:
"RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, October 15, 1861.
" MRS. CALVIN HUSON, JR.:
"DEAR MADAM:-I have on different occasions,
in writing to Mrs. Ely, mentioned the illness of
your husband, and had earnestly hoped he would
have been able soon to report his entire restoration himself, and so, indeed, were all his friends
here; but it becomes my painful duty, at last, to
communicate to you the sad intelligence that he
is no more.
" Mr. Huson died at eight o'clock yesterday
morning, of typhoid fever, at the residence of Mrs.
John Van Lew, in this city. From near the outset of my own detention at Richmond, as prisoner
of war, he had been my constant companion, occupying the same quarters with myself and the
United States Army officers, until within a few
days of his decease.




A PRISONER OF WALR.


171


"Mr. Huson and myself first met near the battle ground at Manassas on the 21st of July, then
in company with D. D. S. Brown.
&       ^       2f      f      ^
"He remained in my carriage, as he informed
me, until he discovered the enemy approaching,
when he fled to the fields; and after great exertion, and the peril of being shot down by cavalry
sweeping by him, he succeeded at last, late in the
same afternoon, in reaching a farmer's house at
Centreville, where he ascertained that his conveyance, which brought him from Washington,
had just left, and though then not out of sight,
was fleeing in great haste in the general rout
which took place on that occasion. Unable
from exhaustion to proceed, he remained at this
house through the night, when a drenching rain
set in, which continued throughout the following
day. On this account, and for the further reason
that he was informed that our troops were still in
possession of Centreville, he concluded to remain
secure, as he supposed he was, until Tuesday morning, when unfortunately the house was surrounded
by Confederate pickets at an early hour, by whom
he and others were taken prisoners and sent to
the head-quarters of General Beauregard at Manassas.
"After several days' detention at this place,




172


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


with other prisoners, he was transferred to Richmond, and arrived here on the 27th of July, when
we next met, and when I first learned to my surprise that he'had been taken prisoner.
"Soon after his arrival here he was taken sick,
owing mainly, it was supposed, to confinement
and change of diet, and he so continued for some
ten days, suffering severely a portion of the time.
He, however, recovered entirely from this illness,
and for several weeks apparently enjoyed his usual
health, taking part in all the discussions and
amusements adopted by the officers to pass away
time, until the 10th day of September, when he
complained of being unwell, and was noticed by
many of the officers to be somewhat desponding
in spirits.
S%                     *       *5     *
"When he inclined to keep his bed, and it
became necessary to administer medicine regularly, under the instruction of the physicians, I provided for him a faithful nurse, and frequently two
of a night, who left him neither night nor day; and
he was, moreover, surrounded by gentlemen to
whom he had become attached by association
here, who manifested throughout his illness the
most earnest sympathy for his welfare and every
comfort.
"The fourth week of his sickness wore away




A PRISONER OF WA.R


173


without much apparent change, and yet it was
evident to myself that he was failing; and acting
upon this conviction, I applied to the Secretary
of War to allow him to be removed to some private family in this city, who could bestow upon
him the variety of little comforts so essential to
the sick-bed, and avoid the annoyance he was subject to at our own quarters. In this I succeeded,
and only regret it was not sooner done. Mr.
Huson seemed delighted with this arrangement,
and on the 9th of October he was removed to the
house of Mrs. John Van Lew, a kind and most
excellent family, and among the wealthiest in
Richmond.
"Here, with nurses and physicians, he received that tender care and attention, which, as
he himself remarked, could not be exceeded even
by the kindness of a mother and sister. It was
most gratifying to his friends that he was so fortunate as to be received into such a family, and great
encouragement was felt that he would now begin
to amend under his attentive nursing; and, indeed, for the first two days he was pronounced
much better-more cheerful, and inclined to converse more freely. He remarked to one of the
daughters of this benevolent and Christian family, by way of expressing his gratitude for so
much kindness and attention, that he could but
wish 'that Mrs. Huson might look into his apart



174


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ments for a moment and see how comfortable he
was.' Twenty-four hours only before his death
the physician for the first time expressed doubts
to me of his recovery, when his friends advised
me to communicate with his family; but unfortunately at that time, and for weeks previously,
every means of communication was cut off, and it
was impossible.
" On the morning of the 14th an unfavorable
change took place in his symptoms. The physicians were immediately summoned, and a messenger sent for me. Before I arrived at the house,
however, he had expired, then about eight o'clock
in the morning.
"The limits of a mere letter compel me to
omit much of detail which belongs to the sad
narrative of your husband's illness; but I indulge the hope (now long deferred)'that I may
soon be enabled to recite them personally to you.
"In preparation for his burial, and anticipating that his friends would at some time desire his
removal, I assumed the responsibility of causing
his remains to be placed in a metallic case, enclosed in a very handsome walnut-wood coffin.
" The funeral-from which I have just returned
-took place this afternoon, at the residence of
Mrs. Van Lew; the ceremonies at the house and
burial service being performed by Rev. John F.
Mines, Rector of Grace Church, Bath, in the dio



A PRISONER OF WAR.


175


cese of Maine, a friend of your husband, and a
prisoner of war.
" He is buried in Church Hill Cemetery, upon
the family lot of Mrs. Van Lew, and near by the
resting-place of Chief-Justice Marshall.
"The Richmond Enquirer, in the progress of
your husband's illness, referred to the subject in
the following notice:
"' A prominent Civilian Prisoner.-Among
the prisoners of war in the tobacco warehouse,
prison No.1, at Rocketts, is Calvin Huson, jr., of
Rochester, N. Y., who was captured near the battlefield of Bull Run, in the carriage of Congressman
Ely, also a prisoner in the same warehouse.
"1' Mr. Huson was the opponent of Mr. Ely for
the position of representative of the Rochester
District in Congress, and was defeated by the
latter after an animated contest. He is a lawyer of
some distinction, and was formerly District Attorney of the city of Rochester. He is said to have
been present on the battle-field through motives of
humanity to certain members of the regiment of the
district in which he resides. Huson is now quite
ill with the typhoid fever, and has been so for several weeks. He is kindly cared for both by our surgeons and Mr. Ely, who is his constant attendant.'
" In the same paper, on the day of his burial,
likewise appeared another publication, which,
though inaccurate, is also enclosed:




176


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


""' Death of a Distinguished Civilian.-Calvin
Huson, Esq., one of the civilians captured at the
battle of Manassas, died yesterday morning of typhoid fever, at the residence of one of our citizens, to which he was carried several days ago,
with the consent of General Winder. Mr. Huson
has been ill since early in September, and received every necessary attention, not only from
the prison authorities, but from Mr. Ely, also a
prisoner, whose competitor he was as the Democratic candidate for the United States Congress
from the Rochester District. Mr. Huson was formerly prosecuting attorney for Rochester, and
married a niece of William  H. Seward. His remains will be interred at Hollywood Cemetery
this afternoon.'
"The army officers of the United States, near
seventyfive in number, composing the 'Richmond Prison Association,' of which Mr. Huson
was a member, and in which he had taken no
ordinary interest during our captivity, assembled
at once to express in becoming terms a just
tribute to his worth and memory; and in transmitting to you this evidence of affectionate esteem for him whom you so much loved, as embodied in the resolutions which follow, I am instructed to assure you, my dear madam, that
they but feebly indicate the character of that




A PRISONEIR OF WAR.


177


deep sympathy realized by brave and manly
hearts in the loss of the husband and father.
" The kind attention bestowed upon your husband by the family of Mrs. Van Lew, was duly
acknowledged by resolutions which I forwarded
to them, as directed by the Association.
" Many of the gentlemen comprising the Association are Masons; and I have been shown today a copy of the action taken by the members
of that order, in token of respect for their bereaved brother, which will be sent to you by
other parties, and transmitted to various lodges
in the North.
"The personal effects belonging to your husband have been delivered to me by the family of
Mrs. Van Lew, of which a careful inventory has
been taken, and I will avail myself of the first
opportunity to place them in your possession.
"Two of your letters, I regret to say, addressed to him, and I believe the only ones which
reached him at Richmond, arrived too late for
his perusal. They were handed to me on my
return from the funeral, and are in my charge.
"I have endeavored thus to sketch, imperfectly I am aware, but as faithfully as I was able,
the history of your husband's illness and death;
and I confess it has been all the more painful to
me when I reflect that possibly at this moment
you have not even learned of his illness.
8*




178


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


" That I might hasten to give the earliest possible intelligence in my power, I have intrusted
to Dr. Ferguson of New York, a wounded surgeon of our army, who goes home to-morrow
morning under a flag of truce, by way of Nor.
folk, but not allowed to take letters, a telegraphic
despatch addressed to Samuel P. Allen, Esq., of
the Democrat, announcing Mr. Huson's death,
with the request to communicate with you, which
I trust may have reached Rochester.
" When this letter may arrive is altogether uncertain; but it will go, at all events, by the next
flag of truce from Richmond.
"In closing my letter, I would avoid all reference to my own sad feelings, if it could possibly
add a feather to the crushing weight of your
own. But, my dear madam, my own heart is
too full! It breaks forth to tell its own loss
in the towering magnitude of your own. In the
fierceness of political strife and professional competition, your husband and the writer had frequently been opponents, but never before this
had we really been acquainted.
"Thrown together in close companionship for
seventy-five days before his decease, by an event
unforeseen as it was unfortunate to both, it was
natural that our daily intercourse amid strangers,
in a distant city, should have led to that attachment and mutual friendship which, had he sur



A PRISONER OF WAR.


179


vived, would have withstood the wildest strife of
the future.
" Here, in a Confederate prison, in the privacy
of unreserved confidence, I learned, for the first,
more fully to admire and appreciate the nobleness of his character, his varied learning, and the
graces of his Christian virtues; and when called
to follow him 'through the dark valley and
shadow of death,' I ask only to leave a record
such as his.
" Though not in my power to be present in the
closing hours of his life, I have reason to know,
from the lips of those who were, that his last end
was peace;-that he went down the 'dark valley' leaning upon Him who is the dying Christian's rod and staff. And now, could I do more
than to add my deep, deepest sympathies for
your severe affliction, it would be to appeal in the
earnestness of my prayers to Him who ' doeth
all things well,' mercifully to assuage the anguish
of your grief, and to heal, as He alone can do,
the bruised hearts of the stricken wife and her
little ones.
" With this letter as a partial expression of my
attachment to your late husband, and an appreciation of your own great loss, I remain, most
truly and sincerely, your friend,
" ALFRED ELY."




180


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


"REV. MR. MINES TO MRS. HUSON.*
"RICHMOND PRISON, November 5th, 1861.
"t MRS. CALVIN HTUSON, Jr.:
"DEAR MADAM:-I am thankful that it is not
my duty to convey intelligence of the sad blow
that has desolated your home. Mine is the more
grateful one of endeavoring, by the little that
human sympathy can do, to alleviate the sorrows
of your bereaved hearts.
" I have been appointed by my brethren in the
Masonic Order, who were prisoners here with
your husband, to transmit to you our resolutions
of respect and sympathy.
"It would also seem right from the nature of
my sacred office, that I should write at this time.
I am a Presbyter of the Church, late Rector of
Grace Church, Bath, Maine, and Chaplain of the
2d Regiment from that State, taken prisoner at
the same time with your husband, and kept in the
same prison. Here we met for the first time, and
being of the same ' household of faith,' we were
naturally drawn together. From this intercourse
I conceived a respect and esteem for him which
lasted with his life. I found him an ardent
churchman, well read in the Scriptures and in
our history, a man of strong faith and principles,
* The Editor would state, that, although Mr. Mines' letter was
written some weeks after that by Mr. Ely, he has thought it advisable to insert it in this place, so as to make the story complete.




A PRISONER OF, WAR.


181


and one who did not fear the approach of death.
I could not be with him in his last hours, as he
was removed from our prison to the house of a
kind resident of this city; but I know, from their
lips, that his end was peace. A little prayerbook that I had procured for him was his constant companion; and prayer made him strong to
vanquish the terrors of death. He went down
through the dark valley leaning on Him who is
the dying Christian's rod and staff.
" The day of his burial was a serene October
day. The leaves were growing sere, and were
beginning to fall; but the sun was bright with
the promise of Spring's resurrection. It seemed
a fitting time to commit to the earth the body of
one who had died looking for a joyful resurrection in Christ Jesus.
"At the house I read the 15th chapter of 1st
Corinthians, with its glorious promises of another
life, together with the prayers of our Church for
the afflicted and bereaved.
" At the grave I read our burial service, and
committed the body of our deceased brother to
the ground, in the faith of the general resurrection of the great day when we shall meet him.
"I stood beside.your husband's grave with
mingled emotions-sorrowing, but not for him'sorrowing most of all for this, that we should see
his face no more.' The future seemed so dark




182


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


that I could not grieve that he was at rest-that
God had made the prisoner free. How could I
sorrow, when I had just read above his ashes those
words of triumph, ' 0 grave! where is thy victory?' I turned away with tears, but not for him.
My thoughts turned to those who were listening
eagerly for the approach of the father and husband, whom they must now be preparing to meet
in heaven.
"A comparative stranger, it is not mine to
meddle with the bitterness of your grief, farther
than to pray that the Almighty will mercifully
assuage your anguish. He doeth all things well.
He gave, and He hath taken away. Happy are
those hearts which, bound down by grief, can yet
say,' Blessed be the name of the Lord.' To His
care I have myself committed my wife and little
ones; and He has promised, 'I will never leave
thee nor forsake thee.' What can any.words of
mine add to God's promise? And remember that
it is written, ' He is faithful who hath promised.'
" Let me here state that, during the illness of
Mr. Huson, Mr. Ely's kind attentions were unremitting. Every thing was done by him that could
be suggested; and he it was who procured for
your husband the quiet home in which his last
days were passed.
" Accompanying this letter you will find the
resolutions passed at a meeting of the Masonic




A PRISONER OF WAB.


183


Fraternity. May God Almighty bless them in
helping to assuage the sorrows of your bruised
hearts.
" With sentiments of esteem and respect, I am,
my dear madam, your servant, for Christ's sake,
"JoHN F. MINES,
"Late Rector of Grace Church, Bath, Maine."
" F. A. M.
" Whereas, The members of the fraternity of
Free and Accepted Masons who are prisoners of
war in the city of Richmond, Va., have heard with
deep regret of the death of Calvin Huson, jr.,
#Esq., a Royal-Arch Mason of distinguished standing in the city of Rochester, N. Y., and late their
fellow-prisoner; therefore,
". Resolved, That we convey to the wife and
family of the deceased our sincere sympathy in
their bereavement; feeling that, as they have lost
the devoted husband and father, so we mourn one
who was an able man, a warm-hearted brother,
and an ornament to our Order.
" Resolved, That it is our duty to send our
testimony to the brethren who were connected
with the Lodge and Chapter of our -deceased
brother, as to our appreciation of his noble qualities of head and heart.
"Resolved, That the Rev. Bro. Mines be requested to transmit these resolutions to the family
of the deceased, and to our brethren at home,




184


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


with the request that.they be published as a tes.
timony on our part to the high esteem in which
Brother Huson was held.
" Comp. JOHN F. MINES,
"Grand Chaplain of G. L. of Maine, Chairman,
" Comp. M. A. PARKS,
"Excelsior Chapter No. 2 Michigan, Secretary.
"RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, Oct. 19th, 1861."
Before leaving this melancholy topic, it is due
to the humane conduct of the Van Lew family to
say a word. Mrs. John Van Lew is a widow
lady residing on Church Hill in the city of Rich-.
mond, and has one married son, and an unmarried
daughter, residing with her.
John Van Lew, the father, died in 1843;.he
was an old and respectable merchant, and the
first who established an exclusive hardware store
in Richmond.
He left a large estate, in real and personal
property, including several slaves, yet retained in
the family. The homestead, now occupied by
them, is one of the most beautiful mansions in
the city. Upon the same street and nearly opposite, stands the small white wooden church known
as St. John's, wherein the immortal Patrick Henry,
at the commencement of the Revolution, made his
celebrated speech, in which he said " Give me liberty, or give me death."




A PRISONER OF WAR.


185


What would the eloquent patriot now say,
if he could awake from his tomb and behold his
beloved country convulsed with the horrors of
a civil war? One can well imagine, that he would
stand aghast to find that the very spot consecrated to liberty by his burning eloquence, was
now the centre of a Confederate rebellion, based
upon the much perverted doctrine of State rights.
His bones would rustle in his winding-sheet if
he could know that his own native State was
now the battle ground of men congregated to
destroy the Union established by Virginia's
bravest sons.
Upon the bosom of that misguided Commonwealth are now borne the contending armies of
North and South, outnumbering the hosts of
Judea, in a conflict which is convulsing the Republic to its foundation.
How little has she heeded the warnings of
this her once beloved patriot, who, during his
last political campaign, gave his dying.testimony,
as it were, to his firm advocacy of the rights of
" we the people," and not " we the States," by
pronouncing that Virginia was to the Union,
what the county of Charlotte was to her. This
was uttered in a speech delivered in 1799,
wherein he seems to have predicted the civil war
now desolating our land, when he said:
" The late proceedings of the Virginia Assem



186


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


bly had filled him with apprehension and alarm;
they had planted thorns upon his pillow; that
the State had quitted the sphere in which she
had been placed by the Federal Government,
which would beget their enforcement by military
power; that this would probably produce civil
war and foreign alliances; and foreign alliances
must necessarily result in subjugation to the
Powers called in.'
When I reflect that this effort to destroy the
nation is lifting the hand against the Father of
our country, may I not hope, in the language of
Patrick Henry, that in this "parricidal attempt
the steel will drop from the nerveless arm" of
those who are now battling to blast what Washington declared to be of the greatest interest to
every true American, " the consolidation of our
Union, in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, and perhaps our national existence? "
But to return to the little patriotic band gathered in the vicinity of the place where his patriotism was breathed forth; and in fancy we may suppose a pent-up atmosphere of Union sentiment to
have lingered around the spot, to be imbibed by
the kind people who, it would seem, had almost
been forgotten by me in recalling the past.
Upon hearing of the illness of Mr. Huson,
Mrs. Van Lew had proposed to receive him at
their house, and in doing so they bestowed upon




A PRISONER OF WAR.


187


him the most careful attention, which was fully
appreciated by the sufferer, who remarked that
" they would kill him with kindness."  Could he
have been surrounded by his own family in his
last days, it would of course have been a great
consolation to all; but so far as attention and careful nursing soothe the sick bed, his own family
circle could have done no more. These kind
friends thoughtfully retained locks of his hair for
his family.
Mr. Huson was buried upon their own family
lot, and what more could have been done by these
genuine Samaritans I am unable to suggest.
October 16.-It may not be amiss to introduce
into my journal a copy of the letter which I wrote
this morning to Miss Van Lew, thanking her in
behalf of the family of Mr. Huson, for their kind
attention to Mr. Huson. I wrote it upon hearing
of the illness of Mrs. Van Lew:
".EICHMOND, VA., October 16, 1861.
" Miss VAN LEW:
"I am apprehensive that the excitement at
your house during the last few days is the real
cause of your mother's illness, and I would like
much to hear how she is to-day.
" Your kindness to Mr. Huson in his last illness
can only be rewarded by Him who so mercifully
directed him to your hands. I beg you to accept
my own poor but heartfelt thanks and those of




188,


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


his bereaved family, for all your tender care and
attention, God will bless and prosper you.
" At your own convenience will you please
furnish me with the outlay to which you have been
subjected on your part, and I will refund to you
the amount.
"Very truly and sincerely, your friend,
"1 ALFRED ELY."
The following diagnosis of Mr. Huson's disease was procured by me from Dr. E. G. Higginbotham, his attending physician:
" C. S. PRIsoN HOSPITAL,
(Copy.)                  " RICHMOND, October 25, 1861.
"I certify that C. Huson, jr., of Rochester,
N. Y., incarcerated in this prison, was attacked with
continued fever on 10th Sept., which soon assumed
typhoid symptoms, and of which he died on the
14th October.
"The immediate cause of his death was perforation of the intestines from ulceration. Some
time previous to his death he was removed to a
private house, where every attention was extended to him.
" EDw. G..HIGGINBOTHAM,
" Surgeon and Medical.Director C. S. Prison Hospital."
October 17.-My notes for -the last few days




A PRISONER OF WAR.


189


have been mostly devoted to the incidents connected with Mr. Huson'q illness and death.
The   " Richmond   Prison Association," of
which Mr. H. was a member, resolved to call a
meeting this evening, to express their respect
for the deceased, and sympathy for his bereaved
family.
A number of young ladies and gentlemen
called to see me at Captain Gibbs' quarters today, and an officer called, and graciously asked
if I was willing to go out and see them, with
which I complied.   We had a very agreeable
conversation, and separated with the assurance
on the part of the ladies, that they should come
again in a day or two. Among the names which
I remember, was that of Miss Coleman, of Macon,
Georgia.
On my return to quarters, a black man came
in with a splendid bouquet of flowers, and a
sumptuous dinner of chickens, jelly, biscuit, &c.,
&c., and said, "Massa, Ladies send best compliments to you wid dese tings; " but the darkey
did not disclose the donors' names. I inferred
that he had been instructed not to do so.
The dinner, however, was delicious, and I had
the pleasure of sharing it with my beloved
friend, Rev. Mr. Mines.
October 18.-The "Richmond Prison Association" held a very interesting and affecting




190


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


meeting last evening, and several speeches were
made, which indicated deep feelings of sorrow for
the loss of Mr. H. Many of the members wept
during the proceedings, and particularly on hearing the letters received from his wife after his
death, which I took the liberty to read.
The following proceedings took place:The Association having been called to order
by the President,
On motion of Captain Manson, of New York,
it was ordered that the Chairman appoint a Committee of three members to draft, and present to
the meeting, appropriate resolutions..
The Chair appointed Captain Manson, of New
York, Captain Cox, of Ohio, and Lieutenant
Dickinson, of Connecticut, such a Committee.
Captain Manson declined to serve. The Chair
appointed Lieutenant Ives, of New York, in his
stead. The Committee subsequently reported
the following preamble and resolutions:
" Whereas it has pleased Divine Providence,
in his inscrutable wisdom, to remove out of this
world, the soul of our deceased friend, Calvin
Huson, jr., Esq., late our fellow-prisoner of war,
at Richmond;
" Therefore, Resolved, that this Association lament, with feelings of deep emotion, the death
of our late friend and associate, Calvin Huson, jr.,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


191


Esq., of Rochester, New York; that our companionship with the deceased had endeared us to
him with sentiments of exalted respect, due to
the scholar, the jurist, and the excellencies of a
Christian character, and in his loss, the Bar, the
Church, and Society at large, will find reason to
deplore this afflicting dispensation.
"Resolved, That the Members of this Association tender to the family of the deceased the
assurance of their deep sympathy in this painful
bereavement.
"_Resoved, That the Hon. Alfred Ely be requested to communicate these Resolutions to the
family of the deceased, and cause them to be
published in such papers in the North, as he may
deem advisable."
October 19.-No particular event has occurred
to-day, except the calls of certain gentlemen
whom Captain Gibbs requested me to see, as a
compliment to himself. The persons who first
called were from Florida, and intimate friends of
our worthy captain. We had but -little conversation, as we were interrupted.
In the afternoon some lady sent me a fine
parcel of fresh figs, grown in Richmond; and
Captain Gibbs gave me the compliments of the
donor, without the name; but I was nevertheless




192


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


grateful to my benefactor, who, I presumed, was
some friendly Union person.
It has been a dull, gloomy day, and my feelings are in unison with it.
October 20.-Divine service has been attended
by the officers to-day. It was conducted by the
Rev. Mr. Church in the morning, and Rev. Mr.
Mines in the evening.
This afternoon the Confederate surgeon, or, as
he is called, the Medical Director of the Post, Dr.
Higginbotham, called for me to visit the different
hospitals under his supervision. I was absent
nearly two hours. His wards and their appointments are all in a very neat and perfect state, and
the wounded patients all seem comfortable, so far
as my limited observation could discover. This
was my first visit to any hospital, and to a novice
in such matters all appeared to be conducted
properly.
It is clear that the care and responsibility of
providing for several hundred wounded prisoners,
lacerated by balls, the amputation of limbs and
their various treatment, must be, to a conscientious surgeon, fearful enough.
On our arrival at Richmond, after the battle
at Manassas, we found the above-named surgeon
in charge of the " Confederate " prison hospitals;
and that battle, so disastrous to the Federal forces,
gave the field to the Confederates, and conse



A PRISONER OF WAR.


193


quently filled the hospitals at Richmond with the
wounded of both armies.
It is believed that there must have been at
least four thousand rebels wounded at that battle, though they were not all brought to Richmond.
To give some idea of the immense labor and
the number of patients treated by this gentleman
within a given period, at the hospitals under his
immediate charge, I will quote a portion of a
statement made by a correspondent in the"' Richmond Enquirer: "
"Five hundred prisoners have been treated
here from.June 28th to September 27th.   Of
these, three hundred wounded experienced a mortality of -096, and 200 sick, not wounded, lost a
percentage of 06; the two categories together '082,
being 41 deaths, of which 12 were from sickness
without wounds. Probably as favorable a result
as care and discipline, unaided by feminine providence, could guarantee under the circumstances."
The bath tubs in the hospitals are particularly neat and convenient. The relays of nurses are
thoroughly organized, and vigilant care maintained for the sick.
Hospital Number One, which is the headquarters of the Confederate surgeon, where his
depot of medicine is located, is said, by medical
men about us, to be truly a model establishment.
9




194


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Whatever opinion I might express in reference
to Dr. Higginbotham as a surgeon, would, of
course, be of little value among doctorswho " disagree;" but I can do no less than to state that,
from opinions frequently expressed by our own
able surgeons and officers, they did, at least, give
him full credit for his prudence and surgical
skill.
I The chief organization of the prison hospitals
under Dr H., however, was the work of the Federal surgeons, who were captured at Bull Run
and taken to Richmond as prisoners. On their
arrival they were paroled, and immediately entered upon their duties of taking care of our own
sick and wounded, who were then arriving at
Richmond by every train in considerable numbers. They found the tobacco buildings, which
were to be occupied as hospitals, destitute of every convenience, and unfit, in every respect, for the
purpose. Our surgeons applied themselves to the
cleanliness of the buildings, and introducing such
comforts as our wounded afterwards enjoyed. It
would be difficult to over-estimate the labor performed by this able corps of surgeons, whose imprisonment, although severe and irksome to themselves, and without precedent in the laws of war,
was nevertheless providential to our sick and
wounded. I
It was no small comfort to the lacerated sol



A PRISONER OF WAR.


195


dier to feel that he was in charge of his own
friendly surgeon, and not of him who would have
preferred, perhaps, that his agonies had ceased
upon the field. Many are the limbs, and not few
the lives, I apprehend, which are being preserved
by the untiring zeal of these faithful men. The
army may well be proud of such officers, and the
Government can afford to be grateful for their
conduct in the discharge of their painful duties.
October 21.-This has been another blue Monday, and why it is that this day, ever since my
arrival, has generally been one of sadness and
gloom, is inexplicable to me.
I omitted to mention, on Saturday evening,
the arrival of three additional prisoners of war,
taken on shipboard. One of them was. ActingLieut. Wm. A. Abbot, of Andover, Massachusetts,
who was in charge of the prize schooner George
T. Baker, bound to New York, and on the 8th
of August was captured by the privateer York,
and brought to Norfolk, where he remained in
jail until removed to Richmond. Another, Isaac
W. Hart, of Attica, Indiana, quartermaster of
the 20th Regiment from that State, was on board
of the propeller Fanny, laden with stores for the
troops, and bound for Chicomocomico, and was
captured by " Commodore " Lynch, in charge of a
squadron of three vessels. Lieut. Francis M. Peacock (Macao, China) was in command of the Fan



196


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ny when she was captured. This gentleman is
entitled to a passing remark.
His father was a native of Albany, N. Y., and
formerly followed the sea; he finally engaged in
commercial business at Macao, in China, and the.son who is the subject of these remarks was born
there. Francis M. is about twenty-nine years of
age. Three years he commanded a Siamese war
cruiser, and in 1856 he accompanied the Siamese
embassy to England. His father was connected
with the Coolie trade, and early in February last
shipped a cargo of this human freight to Havana,
in charge of his son as supercargo. Before his
departure the father instructed him to enlist in the
United States army, if he ascertained, on his arrival in Cuba, that war had broken out.
But eight days before he sailed his father
died, leaving him a large inheritance. He nevertheless started on his voyage, and arrived in Havana after a passage of nearly four months. Having disposed of his cargo and arranged his business, he came to New York with full knowledge
that war had broken out, and enlisted in Colonel
Bartlett's Naval Brigade, under a promise of a
commission. This brigade finally failed in completing its organization, and he again enlisted, on
the 26th of May, in "Hawkins' Zouaves," and
went upon the expedition under Commodore
Stringham which captured Fort Hatteras.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


197


Soon afterwards he was sent in command of
the " Fanny," as before stated, and was captured
in the manner I have detailed. He is both a Yankee and a Chinaman, a pretty good type of either
nation when he chooses to represent the different
nationalities.
He is much toasted among the prisoners, and
contributes no little to our amusement by his
vivacity of spirits. He came a greater distance
than either Lafayette or Kosciusko to aid the
Republic in the hour of her need, and he will be
immortalized if he leave upon her history as many
deeds of noble daring.
October 22.-Nothing of importance has occurred to-day, and I have no energy to write, even
had our dull monotony been relieved by any
novel incident. Some kind-hearted lady to-day
sent my friend, Mr. Mines, a jar of delicious pickled
tomatoes. She has kindly notified me that I have
a contingent interest therein, which he will respect
till " nary " pickle is left.
October 23.-Really I have been most of the
day unmolested by visitors, and the quiet has
been pleasant. There is apparently a disposition
on the part of some of the officers of the post to
see me released, which I hope may lead to a favorable termination. I have no particular reason
to hope for success at present, however, and I
will be silent about it.




198


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


October 24.-There have been several visitors
to-day, among them the late Vice-President John
C. Breckinridge and Hon. James Lyons, Confederate Commissioner at Richmond. Mr. Lyons
was a stranger to me, and soon left the room,
leaving Mr. Breckinridge and myself alone.
I was quite well acquainted with Mr. Breckinridge while in Washington, as his rooms were adjoining mine on Fourteenth street. No gentleman has greeted me here with more apparent
heartfelt cordiality than himself.  He listened
with great interest to my narrative of the events
of my capture, and the incidents connected with
my stay here. He spoke with much feeling upon
the deplorable state of public affairs and the
war, and remarked that our positions, in some respects, were not dissimilar: "I a fugitive," said
he, " driven from my home, and you a prisoner
of war."
He volunteered to say that he should take
the liberty to suggest to the " Secretary of War,'
Mr. Benjamin, to allow me to go home, whenever
there would be any released prisoners sent, as he
supposed there would be soon.
Of course, I thanked him for his kind proposition, when he added that " it all might amount
to nothing, in consequence of the course taken by
my Government on the subject of an exchange of
prisoners." The conversation continued at least




A PRISONER OF WAR.


199


half an hour, when he retired with the expression
of a hope for my early restoration to my home
and family. I accompanied him to his carriage
in the street, and we separated.
This visit of the late Vice-President to see me,
produced a great deal of sensation among the
officers, very few of whom had ever seen him before. It is thought that his influence will do
more to urge the propriety of my discharge than
any thing that has yet been done.
October 25.-Early this evening the PostmasterGeneral, the Hon. John H. Reagan, from     Texas,
who served with me in the 36th Congress, Hum"phrey Marshall, of Kentucky, and William Preston, of the same State, late United States Minister
to Spain, called to see me-the two first-named
gentlemen I knew well in Washington, but I had
never before seen Mr. Preston. Our conversation
was entirely of a general character, upon the subject of the war.
Yesterday the prisoners taken at the battle
of Leesburg, on the 21st inst., arrived at Richmond, there being twenty-four commissioned officers, and six hundred and fifty-seven privates.
The following are the. names of the officers,
and their respective commands:
Col. W. RAYMOND LEE, Boston, 20th Massachusetts Regt. Vol.
Col. M. COGGSWELL, U. S. A., New York, Tammany Regt.
Major P. J. RErVEE, Boston, 20th Massachusetts Regt.




200


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


Adjutant CHARLES L. PIERSON, Salem, 20th Massachusetts Regt.
Surgeon E. H. R. REVERE, Boston,          do.
Capt. FRANOIS J. KEFFER, Philadelphia, 1st California Regt.
Capt. JOHN M. STUDLEY, Worcester, Mass., 15th Mass. Regt.
Capt. HENRY BOWMAN, Clinton, Mass.,       do.
Capt. CLARK SIMONDS, Fitchburg, Mass.,    do.
Capt. JOHN MARKOE, Philadelphia, 1st California Regt.
Capt. TIMOTHY O'MEARA, New York, Tammany Regt.
Capt. GEORGE W. LocKWOOD, Leominster, Mass., 15th Mass. Regt.
Lieut. GEORGE B. PEERY, Boston, 20th Massachusetts Regt.
Lieut. SAMUEL GIBERSON, New York, Tammany Regt.
Lieut. J. E. GREEN, North Brookfield, Mass., 15th Mass. Regt.
Lieut. WILLIAM C. HARRIs, Philadelphia, 1st California Regt.
Lieut. W. H. KERNES, Philadelphia,        do.
Lieut. GEORGE W. KENNEY, Philadelphia,    do.
Lieut. CHAILES MCPHERSON, Tammany Regt.
Lieut. J. HARRIS HOOPER, 15tlf Massachusetts Regt. Vol.
Second Lieut. BERNARD B. VASSAL, Oxford, Mass., 15th Mass. Regt.
Second Lieut. FRANK A. PARKER, Philadelphia, 1st California Regt.
Second Lieut. CHARLES M. HOOPER, Philadelphia,  do.
Second Lieut. HENRY VAN VOAST, New Brunswick, N. J., Tammany Regt.
The above-named officers are all in our quarters with those who have been here from the first.
They constitute a splendid collection of men, in
a military point of view, and several are graduates
of West Point and other distinguished institutions of the country.
This battle at Leesburg, when the history of
the war is written, will stand forth as one of the
severest and most bloody of the contest. Our
forces, with only 1,600 strong, stood the fire of
more than     twice their number hidden in thick
woods and bushes, surrounding them in a cres



A PRISONER OF WAR.


201


cent form, from  morning until dark, and until
our troops were cut to pieces. General Baker
had fallen, and only fragments of different companies were left standing upon the field, surrounded by their fallen comrades.
Our troops crossed the Potomac from a small
island in the middle of the river, situated about
fifty rods from the Virginia shore, in a scow boat
holding about forty men, and it is easy to see
the slow progress of this transit, and when defeat
overtook them, their retreat was substantially
cut off. Indeed, when they arrived at the river,
the boat was immediately sunk by the rush of
soldiers into "it, causing the destruction of the
wounded men on it, as well as all the others who
had reached it.
A large number were drowned, but how many
is not definitely ascertained. This impossibility
of retreat accounts for the great number of prisoners taken.
There is a little incident worth recording, as
containing nearly the last words ever spoken by
the gallant Col. Baker. When Col. Cogswell arrived upon the field, having brought over one piece
of artillery, Col. Baker approached him, as it were,
to welcome him, and taking him by both hands
and shaking them most heartily, said, " Colonel,
one blast from your bugle horn is worth a thousand soldiere."
9*




202


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


October 26.-I had a vivid dream last night,
which, for the amusement of Mrs. Ely, and to
show her what a scrape I was in on her account,
I will record. It is of a military character, and
not strange to have been manufactured in the
brain of a prisoner of war, and as "dreams are said
to go by contraries," I have no hesitancy in relating it.
To make it intelligible, I must, however, begin
by saying that there is at this military post a
Lieutenant in the Confederate army named Booker, an officer with whom I am well acquainted, a
brilliant and handsome fellow.
Well, I dreamed, not " that I dwelt in marble
halls," but that the Confederate authorities, upon
my DISCHARGE as a prisoner of war, (from this, I
know it to be a dream,) directed this officer'to
escort me to my home at Rochester, as my bodyguard.
On our way there he took occasion to speak of
my wife, and to say that he had formed a high
opinion of her during his stay in Richmond, and
that it would not be strange if, upon his arrival
at my house he should supplant me in her favor
altogether. Wondering what chance he had had
of making her acquaintance while in Richmond, it
occurred to me that all the letters which she had
addressed to me while there had passed through
his hands, as officer of the post, with the privilege




A PRISONER OF WAR.


203


of reading them all, and the idea that it might be
the means of my ruin so appealed to my bump
of combativeness that I hurled at him a volley
of invectives, accompanying it with violent gesticulations of anger. I woke all my companions
sleeping around me, who laughed at me most
heartily.
October 27.-Sunday morning. At an early
hour the officers received a call from  General
Winder, whom, always polite, I fancied a little
more so than usual this morning.
While he was in conversation with some of
the officers, Captain Gibbs called me aside and
said that I had a good friend in the General, that
they had been talking about my release, and had
come to the conclusion " that it was right to let
me go."
This was, of course, the sweetest music I had
listened to since the 21st of July last, and I was
much rejoiced at such an announcement. He
spoke of giving me my parole of the city in any
event, and I replied that I did not wish this; it
was my desire to go home to my family and business, both of which demanded my return.
The conversation here closed, and I will be
patient to hear the result. The only person from
whom I apprehend opposition in this matter
is Judah P. Benjamin, "Acting Secretary of




204


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


War," and this fear is founded upon what I know
of his character and disposition.
The entire body of officers have been, for a
long time, exceedingly anxious for me to obtain
my discharge and proceed to Washington, entertaining the belief that my influence at the seat
of Government would promote an exchange of
prisoners.
Divine service was held this evening by Rev.
Mr. Mines.
October 28.-This, Blue Monday, has been
fully up to its predecessors since my imprisonment; in fact, I have felt more depressed and desponding to-day than ever, so much so that it was
a matter of observation with the officers, who inquired if I was not ill.
One must be exiled from home awhile to appreciate what are its blessings and comforts, and
to know how essential are its sacred ties to the
well-being of man. Had I the gift of poesy I
could pen a tribute to " Home, sweet Home,"
which would most likely be overwrought with
feelings like the present.
*       *      ^               2      &       5&
My wife says, in one of her letters, by way of
encouragement to me that "good often comes of
apparent evil;" by which, I suppose, she means
that my hard fate may, in some way unknown to
myself, be a blessing in disguise.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


205


This is certainly extracting consolation from
misery in a strange way, it is true; but, nevertheless, all this is in keeping with Monday. I shall
have to consult a clairvoyant to know what gets
into Monday, that it is so full of melancholy to
me. Is it not owing to the relaxation of Sunday
feelings-the recurrence to the weekly engagements seeming, by contrast, more irksome? This
reflection will, at least, satisfy my mind for the
present on this questionable topic; although I
must say that, so far as any relaxation or excitement is concerned, all days in prison are alike to me.
There is one here whom I notice as always
cheerful, and in this respect might perhaps be a
model to us all. I refer to Lieut. Samuel Irwin,
of New York, at one time the intimate friend of
"A1 wful Gardner," the celebrated prize-fighter of
Newark City. I believe he was a convert of the
great revival of two or three years ago, and has
certainly given evidence of his sincerity since
beinbg here. Every morning and evening witnesses him occupying a secluded spot, where,
alone, he kneels and pays his heartfelt devotions.
He appears ever contented and happy, seeming
to trust confidently in Him who can make even
the prisoner's heart to " sing for joy." Upon
opening his Bible every morning, it is his habit
to say, " Well, I will see what my Maker says today."




206


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


October 29.-There is a rumor to-day that CoL
Corcoran, now a prisoner of war at Charleston,
has been shot by a sentinel from the ramparts of
Castle Pinckney, but it can be traced to no reliable source.
October 30.-Many gentlemen were here today, but I have not troubled myself to remember
their names, or to take any note of their conversation.
The " Richmond Prison Association " met this
evening, and the occasion was the most dignified
and interesting since its organization. The main
object of the meeting was to introduce to membership the new officers captured at Ball's Bluff,
on the 21st inst.
Edward Taylor, Esq., of Cincinnati, introduced
in a befitting 'speech Col. W. Raymond Lee and
the officers under his command, who all stood in
front of the Chair during the address. Col. Lee
replied in a dignified and handsome manner, and
alluded to the cordial greeting and friendship
with which he and his associates had been received since their arrival. Col. M. Cogswell and
his fellow-officers next arose, and were introduced
by the Rev. Mr. Mines with a speech, to which
Col. Cogswell replied in a tone of much eloquence
and grace. Lieut. Dickinson introduced Captain
Bowman and the other officers of the 15th Massachusetts in a brief speech, to which Capt B. re



A PRISONER OF WAR.


207


sponded. Lieut. Church introduced Capt. Markoe and officers of the California Regiment, to
which the captain and Captain Keffer replied.
Dr. Wi. B. Fletcher, surgeon in the 6th In.
diana, introduced the naval officers present, applauding that branch of our Government service,
to which Quartermaster Isaac W. Hart, in appropriate terms, responded.
Captain Thomas Cox introduced Lieut. Francis M. Peacock, of Macao, China, in an amusing
speech, creating great merriment, and drew a parallel between  Peacock and the more ancient
friends of the Republic, Lafayette and Kosciusko.
The lieutenant, unaccustomed to public speaking,
was somewhat embarrassed by the Ciceronian
style of his introduction, and responded by endeavoring to recite a speech written for the occasion, which, in the confusion of his mind, he had
tptally forgotten. He closed up the performance
by narrating, in a droll style, the incidents of his
capture on board of the United States transport
"Fanny," when the whole Association became
convulsed in laughter. Captain Cox then mounted the rostrum, and recited some humorous poetry, hitting off in rhyme the different trades and
professions of life, to the infinite amusement of all.
The Association then adjourned.
October 31.-The last day of October, and
here I am!




208


JOTUNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


November 1.-Nothing worth relating to-day,
unless it be the fact that, among the outside visitors upon the walk, was a tall pitch pine scraper
from the regions of North Carolina, who, after taking great pains to catch a glimpse at me, was heard
to pay the following compliment: " Well, he may
be a smart fellow, but I'll be d-d if he looks
like it."
November 2.-This evening I had quite a
merry time in Captain Gibbs' office, who seemed
pleased to entertain me, and to converse on different topics. While there, in came a gentleman
connected with the " Confederate States " Treasury, and, sitting at Capt. Gibbs' desk, he wrote my
name on a blank card with a metallic pencil made
at Springfield, Massachusetts; it was elegantly
executed. It is understood that more officers and
privates are to be sent to Columbia, South Carolina, early next week. One hundred and fifty
have already been sent there..November 3.-Divine service was held this
evening, as usual, by Rev. Mr. Mines.
November 4.-To-day the commissary informs
me that John 0. Breckinridge is again in town.
I have never yet heard from him in reply to my
note written the day after his visit to me, but
suppose there is no intention on the part of the
Government here to release me, so long as the
United States hold so many of their valuable men




A PRISONER OF WAR.


209


at Fort Lafayette. I must, therefore, " bide my
time."
Novembeir 5.-Day after day rolls by in the
same monotonous routine, until I have nothing
left of interest to record. Micawber-like, we are
in daily expectation that " something will turn
up," but it don't come.
The daily newspapers are of little interest
about this time, and to avoid getting spiritless
and desponding, we continue to resort to all the
means in our power to afford us entertainment.
Rev. Mr. Church and myself have commenced
the practice of walking the long room in which
we are confined, an hour each evening, after tea,
merely for exercise.
November 6.-The newspapers announce, this
morning, that 500 letters have, arrived at the
post-office at Richmond for the Yankee prisoners,
among which, I am advised by the penny post,
are three addressed to me. I hope they may all
be from Mrs. Ely.
November 7.-We are anxiously waiting for
the departure of a flag of truce, to enable us to
forward our letters. The last flag was more
than three weeks since.
November 8.-The officers are writing letters
in great numbers, to send north, upon some intimation that a flag of truce is about to leave. The
letters for the Yankees have not made their ap



210


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


pearance, and are said to be detained at the office
because the postage is not paid. I am exceedingly anxious to receive mine, as I have not heard
from home since the 26th of September; but if
there should be any unpleasant news communicated in them, it will only add to my distress of mind.
The truth is, I fear sometimes to hear from
home, lest that something may have occurred in
my absence which would increase my anxiety.
Mrs. Ely, I suspect, however, would withhold
every thing which would be likely to make me
unhappy.
November 9.-The news of the trial of the
Savannah privateer, and the conviction of Smith,
in Philadelphia, one of the number, for piracy,
have created some excitement among the officers,
Jefferson Davis having, in July last, in his Message to the " Confederate Congress " proposed that,
if these privateers were sacrificed, the act should
be retaliated on the Federal prisoners.
November 10. —The most exciting and painful
scene occurred to-day among the officers which I
have )vitnessed since my imprisonment. " Future
events cast their shadows before." No longer ago
than yesterday, I casually referred in my journal
to the privateers in the hands of the United States,
and the Message of Jefferson Davis, and to-day he
inaugurated a movement to carry his threat into
execution.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


211


This morning, Brigadier-General Winder, accompanied by his military staff, entered the officers' quarters, and occupying a conspicuous position, requested the Federal officeis to assemble,
which they did, about seventy-five in number, all
standing around the General and his staff.
He addressed the officers by stating that "he
had been directed by the Secretary of War to
execute the order he held in his hand, which he
would now proceed to read.
The order is as follows:
C. S. A. WAR DEPARTMENT, RICHMOND, NOV. 9, 1861.
SIR:
You are hereby instructed to choose, by lot,
from among the prisoners of war, of highest rank,
one who is to be confined in a cell appropriated
to convicted felons, and who is to be treated in
all respects as if such convict, and to be held for
execution in the same manner as may be adopted
by the enemy for the execution of the prisoner
of war Smith, recently condemned to death in
Philadelphia.
You will also select thirteen other prisoners
of war, the highest in rank of those captured by
our forces, to be confined in the cells reserved for
prisoners accused of infamous crimes, and will
treat them as such so long as the enemy shall
continue so to treat the like number of prisoners




212


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


of war captured by them at sea, and now held
for trial in New York as pirates.
As these measures are intended to repress
the infamous attempt now made by the enemy
to commit judicial murder on prisoners of war,
you will execute them strictly, as the mode best
calculated to prevent the commission of so heinous a crime.
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed)              J. P. BENJAMIN,
Acting-Secretary of War.
To Brig.-Gen. JOHN H. WINDER.
After the reading of the order, he delivered
to Colonel W. Raymond Lee, of the 20th Massachusetts Regiment, six slips of paper, upon which
were written the names of the six Federal colonels now held as prisoners of war by the Confederates, and requested him to open each, and see
that the names of the colonels were all upon the
papers. Colonel Lee, for the moment, declined,
but General Winder persisting, he did so.
When he read the name on each paper, he
folded and placed it in a tin case nearly a foot in
depth, and only large enough to admit the hand.
After shaking up the ballots, General Winder
requested me to draw from the case a ballot, and
the colonel whose name was upon it would be
the one who should stand as a hostage for the




A PRISONER OF WAR.


213


privateer Smith, now   condemned to death in
Philadelphia. This I declined to do, except at
the instance and request of the officers.
This unpleasant duty, so suddenly imposed
upon me in presence of the deeply interested array of military men, produced a most thrilling
feeling of regret and pain; and IL would gladly
have been spared the unwelcome task. And why
not, called upon as I was to draw lots for one
from among the six brave and gallant officers
who had fought the battles of his country, and
who would have to be removed from his comparatively comfortable quarters to a felon's dungeon, there to suffer and stand as a pledge to die
in case of the execution of a condemned pirate?
Our own officers consenting, however, I proceeded to draw the lot, when it fell upon Colonel Michael Corcoran, now in Castle Pinckney as
a prisoner of war. The colonel was my messmate and intimate friend before he was transferred from Richmond to South Carolina, and
how was- my regret increased at finding that I
had been the innocent cause of thus adding to his
misfortune!
I was selected for this painful duty, it would
seem, because, not being a military man, I was
considered the most appropriate person to do it.
Next came the selection of the thirteen to
stand as hostages for the Savannah privateers,




214


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


and as there were only ten field-officers left in the
hands of the Confederates, it became necessary to
draw lots for three captains out of the whole
number, then fifteen, in their hands, which in like
manner were drawn from the tin case, after the
name of each captain had been deposited in it.
I drew as before, and the lots fell upon Capts.
J. B. Ricketts, J. W. Rockwood, and H. W. McQuade.
Close by my side was standing Captain
Thomas Cox, of Ohio, who, when the ballot was
drawn with Captain McQuade's name upon it,
stepped forward    and said, " General Winder,
place my name upon your list in the place of
Captain McQuade."      The General replied, "I
have no authority to do so, sir." This noble act
on the part of Captain Cox won for him the applause of his fellow-officers, and entitles him to
be remembered by the suffering soldier.
Two of those selected were invalids.      The
first-mentioned captain, J. B. Ricketts, was at the
general hospital, with his wife, having been badly
wounded at the battle of Manassas, and unable to
be removed.
The famous "Ricketts' Battery" bears the
name of this gallant officer, and his wife is said to
be a most interesting and amiable lady. Her untiring devotion to her wounded husband at Richmond has won the admiration even of unfriendly




A PRISONER OF WAR.


215


visitors at the hospitals, where she has chosen to
remain for months, an exile and a prisoner with
him.
Captain McQuade is also at one of the hospitals, slowly recovering from a wound received at
Manassas, which caused the amputation of his leg.*
November 11.-General Winder made his appearance again to-day, and stated that he was directed by the Secretary of War to exempt from
the hostages all wounded officers, and it would be
necessary to draw other names in place of Captains
Ricketts and McQuade. Another drawing accordingly took place, Captain Thomas Cox, of Ohio,
being selected to draw the lots, which resulted in
the selection of Captains Bowman and Keffer.
The list of thirteen now stood as follows: Colonels Lee, Wilcox, Cogswell, Wood,* and Wood"* This brave officer has since died in the hospital, the sad event
having taken place after he had been released at the request of Mr.
Ely, and was about to return home.
t The subjoined sketch of Colonel Lee was prepared by George
S. Hillard, Esq., of Boston, and it is a subject of regret to the Editor, that he has not been able to obtain similar information respecting other officers whio were associated with Mr. Ely in the
prisons of Richmond:
Colonel William Raymond Lee was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1807. He comes of a patriotic stock on both sides of the
house. His paternal grandfather, whose name he inherited, entered
the army as Colonel of Glover's regiment, at the commencement of
the Revolutionary War. He was present at most of the principal
battles of that war. His mother's grandfather, Jeremiah Lee, of
Marblehead, was one of the Committee of Public Safety in 1776.




216            JOURNAL OF ALFRED        ELY,
ruff; Lieutenant-Colonels Bowman and Neff; Majors Potter, Revere, and Vodges; Captains Rock"wood, Bowman, and Keffer.
November 12.-The officers selected here as hostHe was roused in the night by the approach of the British soldiers,
and had just time to escape by a back window; he lay concealed
in a corn-field all night, and in consequence of the exposure, took
a cold, which was the cause of his death. His maternal grandfather, Nathaniel Tracy, was one of the wealthy merchants of Newburyport. At the beginning of the Revolution the privateers
owned by him, took several hundred thousand dollars' worth of
military stores. As our soldiers were in great want of them, he,
with more generosity than prudence, made them over to the Government without the proper securities in return, and was consequently never paid for them.
Colonel Lee entered West Point at the age of sixteen, and was
graduated in due course, but did not embrace the military profession. He became a civil engineer, and in that capacity was sent
to Texas by a company of gentlemen of Boston, who supposed
themselves to be possessed of a large tract of land in that region.
Their right, however, was disputed by the Mexican Government,
and Colonel Lee was taken prisoner, and detained in custody for
several months.
Upon his release he resumed the exercise of his profession. He
was for many years Superintendent of the Boston and Providence
Railroad. Resigning that office a few years since, he devoted himself to the general duties of his profession, in Boston and its vicinity, especially in matters connected with railroads.
As soon as the Rebellion broke out, in the Spring of 1861,
Colonel Lee, who had never lost his interest in the profession for
which he was trained, offered his services to the Government. In
the latter part of June he received orders to raise a regiment.
These were promptly obeyed; and on the second of September he
proceeded to Washington with his regiment, the Twentieth of the
Massachusetts Volunteers. He was immediately sent to the advance post on the Upper Potomac, where he remained until the




A PRISONER OF WAR,


217


ages are to be removed to Henrico County Jail,
in Richmond, so soon as the rooms to which they
are to be taken can be prepared. Those at Charleston, we suppose, will be put into the jail in that
city.
21st of October. His history since that time is too well known to
the whole country to need to be here recounted.
While this volume was passing through the press, the following
notice of Colonel Wilcox was received from the Hon. R. E. Trowbridge, and again I express my regret that other appeals for information, respecting other officers, have not met with a similar
response:
Colonel Wilcox was born in Detroit, Michigan, about the year
1826; entered the Academy at West Point in 1842, and graduated
in 1846. He took an active part in the war with Mexico, as a
Lieutenant of Artillery, and remained in the United States service
until about six years ago, when he resigned, and entered upon the
practice of the law, to the study of which he had already devoted
much of his time in a quiet way. While practising the legal profession at Detroit, as the partner of his brother, E. N. Wilcox, Esq.,
he took a lively interest in reorganizing the military system of
Michigan; and immediately on the breaking out of the Rebellion,
offered his sword to the Governor of his State. He was appointed
at once to the command of the First Regiment raised in the State,
and the only one formed for the three months' campaign, and on
reporting himself to Washington, with his followers, lie found that
his regiment was the first brought to that city from the West. He
was early assigned to the responsible duty of commanding the force.
which took possession of the sacred soil of Virginia, near Washington, was in command at Alexandria until the battle of Bull Run,
was wounded and taken prisoner in that battle, since which time
he has had the entire freedom of a hospital or prison in the rebellious States.
The only facts which it has been in my power to obtain respecting Colonel Milton Cogswell are as follows:He was born in Noblesville, Hamilton County, Indiana; he
10




218


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


The officers selected from among us behave
most gallantly.      They will not shrink from      their
fate, whatever it may be.        I think they may be
retained a while as hostages, but cannot apprehend
any danger as to their ultimate safety. Our Government will never permit the privateersmen to
be prosecuted to conviction; and even should that
be done, will never execute them.
graduated at West Point in 1849, and was appointed a Second
Lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry, U. S. A.; soon attained the
command of Company A, Eighth Infantry; had considerable military experience in Texas and Mexico; and it was while leading on
the famous Tammany Regiment at Ball's Bluff, as its colonel, that
he was captured as a prisoner of war.
Colonel Alfred M. Wood was born at Hempstead, Long Island,
April 19, 1828; in his seventeenth year he turned his attention to
mercantile pursuits, and on relinquishing them in 1853, he was
elected by the Democratic party tax-collector for the city of
Brooklyn. That office he continued to hold by re-election until
1861, when he was returned as an Alderman in the City Council,
and became President of the Board. His military experience commenced by his becoming a member of the Brooklyn City Guards in
1850, continuing an active member until 1852, when he was appointed Paymaster on Brigadier General H. B. Duryea's Staff, with
the rank of Captain. In 1854 he was elected Major of the 14th
Regiment New York State Militia, which he held until 1856, when
"he was elected Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1858 he was promoted to
the rank of Colonel, and as such, led his regiment at Manassas, was
wounded in that battle, and taken prisoner; was confined by his
wounds at Charlottesville, until he was removed to Richmond,
substantially recovered; was then drawn as one of the hostages,
and placed in Henrico County Jail, with other officers, until released. With regard to his tastes it may be added that Colonel
Wood is a lover of books, and has devoted much of his leisure
time to the pursuits of agriculture.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


219


Whatever may befall those men, however, it
can furnish no apology for the conduct of the rebel
Government towards our officers taken prisoners on the battle-field. The privateersmen were
charged with a crime defined and made punishable under an Act of Congress, not passed to suit
present exigencies, but long standing on the
Statute Books, enacted when the present secessionists constituted a controlling part of the Legislature. These officers are thus treated under the
simple authority of the rebel Executive, with no
statute to authorize it, no offence charged, and no
trials.
When the mandate shall reach Col. Corcoran
for his removal to close confinement in Charleston
jail, and he is told that he is a hostage for the life
of a miserable pirate, the contemptuous smile will
steal over his countenance, and he will again repeat, " Gentlemen, our turn by-and-by."
The Colonel was unknown to me until we
reached Richmond together as prisoners of war.
Our intimacy before his departure South inclines
me, as we are now separated, to note what I happen to know respecting his antecedents.
His father was an officer in the British service,
and he was born in Carrowkeel, Sligo County,
Ireland, in 1827, received a limited education,
and had some three years' experience in the force
known as the Irish Constabulary.




220


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


In 1849 he emigrated to this country and settled in the city of New York, where many of his
friends were already established in business. Here
he became the proprietor of a famous hotel called
" Hibernia Hall," but devoted all his leisure time
to the study and the practice of military affairs.
In 1851 he entered the raniks of the 69th Regiment of New York Militia, passed rapidly from
the position of orderly sergeant to that of captain,
and in 1858 he was elected colonel of the regiment. Though always popular with his men, the
circumstance that first gave him more than a local
reputation was his refusal to order an extra parade
in honor of the Prince of Wales, when that young
nobleman was in this country.
That the Colonel simply did what he thought
to be his duty on that occasion, and was zealously
supported by his regiment, was quite enough to
content him; and though much abused at the
time for the firmness with which he maintained
his position, he was sustained by the court-martial before which he was tried for disobedience
of orders.
As a testimonial of appreciation of his conduct
in that affair, he was presented with a sword of
honor, and his regiment with an Irish flag, by a
large number of prominent citizens.
On the breaking out of the Rebellion Colonel
Corcoran and his regiment were among the first




A PRISONER OF WAR.


221


to respond to the call of the General Government;
and the energy that he infused into his men during
the trials of their march from Annapolis to Washington-the deportment of his command during
the fortnight that they were stationed at the Roman Catholic College in Georgetown, D. C.-the
skill which he manifested, and the immense labor
performed by his regiment in erecting the handsome fortification that bears his name on the Potomac, were matters of frequent applause and admiration from the press. His heroic conduct, and
that of his noble regiment, on the battle-field at
Bull Run, will be a leading theme with future
historians.
It was his misfortune, on that fatal day, to be
taken as a prisoner of war; and from that time
until he was taken to Castle Pinckney we have
been constantly together, messed at the same table, and he was one to whom I had become most
warmly attached.
Though born to be free and exercise command,
he bore his captivity here with manly fortitude
and without a murmur, and by his deportment
towards all his fellow-prisoners, won their entire
respect and affection.
In personal appearance, Colonel Corcoran is
tall and slender, and has a remarkably fair complexion; and though apparently of a delicate constitution, he is susceptible of enduring great fa



222


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


tigue. In his deportment, he is silent without
being indifferent; reserved, but hospitable; earnest, firm, laborious, and always animated by a
feeling of the loftiest integrity. When he was
free, and at the head of his regiment, there were
at least one thousand good substantial men who
were ready to follow him into the very jaws of
death; but his recent sufferings as a captive will
endear his name to the true patriots throughout
the whole land.*
* By way of showing what kind of a heart Colonel Corcoran
possesses, the editor would quote two or three disconnected passages from a published letter which he wrote while confined in
Castle Pinckney, especially as they throw some additional light on
prison life in the Southern States. It is only necessary to premise
that the Colonel is a devoted member of the Roman Catholic
Church:
* * *    " In my last I mentioned that the people of Charleston had treated us with considerable courtesy on the occasion of
our arrival in and departure from that city, but neglected to state
another favorable change in our treatment here. The officers have
the liberty of the island on which the castle is situated, from reveille to retreat, and are allowed on the ramparts until tattoo.
The rank and file are allowed the liberty of the interior yard during the aforesaid hours. This is quite a change from Virginia hospitality, where we had not been permitted one moment for air or
exercise during the fifty days of our detention in the ever-memorable tobacco factory, and without bedding of any kind. -
" The Bishop of this place visited me and spoke in that mild,
gentlemanly, and Christian spirit for which all our clergy everywhere, and under all circumstances, have been so truly characterized. He handed me all the funds in his possession, and of which
I stood in the greatest need, and appointed to come here last
Thursday to celebrate Mass and attend to the religious necessities




A PRISONER OF WAR.


223


November 13.-Yesterday I received four letters, and as I desired, they were all from        my family.   The latest date was 25th of October.         These
letters have gratified me exceedingly. I confess
of the prisons; but the day proved.so wet and stormy that it was
impossible, without imminent danger, to cross over from the city,
but we expect him at his earliest convenience. This is the first
time that any apparent interest has been taken in -our spiritual
welfare."
"* * *   " The good sisters of our faith residing in Richmond,
(who, thank God, can rise above all national or sectional strife and
contention of the world, with their usual and self-sacrificing and
Christian disposition to render aid and comfort to the afflicted,)
attended to such of our wounded as were at the general hospital;
and our officers and men who were there, and who represent all
classes of religion, are unanimous in their praise of the care and attention bestowed in dressing and cleaning the wounded, and many
attribute their recovery to their untiring exertions."
* * *    "The prisoners here, who left Richmond on the 13th
ult., consist of 34 officers and 120 non-commissioned officers and
privates; among the former are three colonels, a lieutenant-colonel,
and a major.
" This place is already well known, therefore needs no description. The casemates are occupied as quarters. As no visitors are
allowed here, we are not so subjected to the idle and offensive curiosity of spectators as was the case at Richmond, where crowds
were permitted to assemble in front of our prison, to stare at us all
day whenever we went to catch a breath of air at the windows,
when the more favored individuals obtained passes to enter, and in
many cases took occasion to ask all kinds of questions. Indeed,
the people of Charleston presented a striking contrast in gentlemanly behavior towards us on our arrival and departure; although large crowds were present on both occasions, not a single
offensive word was spoken or act committed.
" We are all here in great need of clothing, and in many cases
without a single cent to procure any of the different things essen



224


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


that my spirits for several days past have needed
just such exhilaration as these cheerful letters
have afforded me. They inform me of much that
I am rejoiced to hear, and quiet my apprehensions
as to the evil results of my absence.
I also received a letter from H. H. Sperry,
Esq., dated at Henrietta, October 25th, in which
he remarks that he has written several letters, and
would have written more could he have known
that one had reached me.
tially necessary. I received some funds from a relative in Richmond, which have been expended, and Lieutenant Connolly and
myself are among the bankrupts for some days past. I am well
satisfied there are some in Charleston who would divide their last
dollar with me, but I cannot accept it, as there appears to be no
possible way of repaying, perhaps for years. Indeed, some gentlemen were so kind as to make inquiry if I needed any thing, to
which I replied in the negative; and while at Richmond I received a communication from a gentleman from Montgomery, Ala.,
who is said to be one of the wealthiest gentlemen in that city,
stating that he was most desirous of supplying me with any thing I
required.
" I am quite satisfied to remain here as long as it may be considered necessary to serve the purposes of my Government or our
people; but I am exceedingly anxious that the rank and file of the
different regiments should be seen to as soon as possible. The poor
fellows are all most earnestly devoted to the best interests of their
country, and are suffering much from want of proper clothing or
any changes of under garments. Many are without shoes, coats,
or bed covering, which is a cheerless prospect with the near approach of cold weather; and, above all things, their poor families,
in many cases, must certainly suffer from want of the assistance
they could render if at liberty, and many are of the three
months' volunteers, who made no provision for absence beyond
that time,"




A PRISONER OF WAR.


2,25


Much political information, state and local, is
contained in these letters, which is the first tidings
I have received on the subject of our campaignjust as well for me.
November 11.-This morning the officers to be
held as hostages were conducted from our quarters to the County Jail, and are all confined in
one small room, about twelve by sixteen feet.
It produced feelings not a little painful among
the officers left behind to see their friends marched
off to a common jail, and there to remain for an
indefinite time, and with the apprehension of being ultimately released only to suffer an ignominious death.
This evening I received another letter from
home, dated Nov. 4th, which is the quickest time
in which any letter has been sent me from Rochester.
This day is observed throughout the Confederate States as a day of general fasting and
prayer for the success of the rebel arms. Jefferson Davis' messenger came here to-day, and was
introduced to me by Lieut. Bradford. His conversation was of no importance; he volunteered
some remarks about Mr. Davis, his health, &c.,
which to me were not matters of much interest.
November 15.-It is now well settled that the
officers and privates are to be sent to Tuscaloosa,
Alabama, and to Salisbury, North Carolina, but
10*




226


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


how soon I have not ascertained. General Winder informed me a few days since, in answer to
my inquiries, that he should not remove me from
Richmond. I would prefer to remain here if I
am still to be a prisoner of war, rather than to
go to either of the above-named places.
The scene of preparation for departure from
the rooms above us was touching indeed. When
morning dawned, the men emptied their ticks of
the straw, tied them over their shoulders, gathered up what little traps they had, and formed
into line. Many of them were without shoes,
some without stockings; and not a few were
compelled to substitute their drawers for pantaloons; but before leaving the prison they sang
" Hail Columbia" and the " Star-spangled Banner," gave three hearty cheers for the Union, and
with tears on many a cheek, the noble fellows
started on their journey of fifteen hundred miles
further into the country of their enemies.
November 16.-The Richmond Prison Association held a meeting this evening, when Captain
Todd, of the Lincoln Cavalry, recently captured
and sent here from the Potomac, was introduced to
membership in a speech made by Quartermaster
Hart, of Indiana, to which Captain Todd replied
briefly. The proceedings of the meeting, I regret
to say, for the first time since its organization,
were not entirely harmonious, which I will explain.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


227


The officers had discussed among themselves
on previous occasions the propriety of permitting
no more escapes from their number, inasmuch as
upon every such occurrence the Confederate officers in charge watched us more closely, and exhibited their increased malice by depriving us of
the slight privileges we were allowed, and which
were so necessary for our comfort. It was conceded by all, however, that every prisoner had
full right to escape if he chose to take the risk,
and any exposure of his plan would have been
condemned as an act so mean and dishonorable
that the accuser's future stay among us would
have been uncomfortable, if not unsafe.
Soon after the arrival of the Ball's Bluff prisoners, Captain Bense, of Cincinnati, and Lieut.
Merrill, U. S. A., escaped from the prison- a purpose, it seems, they had long cherished. Several
of their friends, on the same evening after their
departure, had heard that at some time the Association had passed a resolution by which the
members resolved to expose escapes contemplated
by officers; and lest this information might be
given before the captain and lieutenant had had
time to get so far in their flight as to be tolerably
secure from arrest, they took occasion to forewarn
certain older officers of the Association of the
consequences of any such disclosure. The passage of any such resolution, or the intention to in



228


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


form upon any officer wanting to escape, was fully
denied, and the matter, as was supposed, satisfactorily ended.
Unfortunately, the captain     and lieutenant
were re-captured on the second night after their
escape, and brought back and put in irons.
They were both present at this meeting when
the subject was brought up by Lieut. Merrill,
who charged the Association substantially with
passing the resolution of becoming an informer.
This brought several of the older officers of
the Association upon their feet, who denounced
the charge as unfounded and calumnious; that
no resolution of that character, or any discussion
on the subject had ever occurred in the Association. The President (myself) stated the facts,
as he understood them, in this matter, confirming
the statements of the older officers of their ignorance of any such resolution, and the discussion
was terminated by the passage of a resolution
unanimously never again to debate the question
in the meetings.
November 17.-Sunday morning, cold and un..
pleasant; every thing and everybody look gloomy
It is rumored that the Confederate Commissioners to England and France, Messrs. Mason
and Slidell, have been captured.
Divine service performed this evening by
Rev. John F. Mines.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


229


November 18.-The newspapers of the city concede that Messrs. Mason and Slidell have been captured on board of a British mail steamer by the
United States steam frigate, San Jacinto, Commodore Wilkes, and brought to Fortress Monroe.
Hon. Mr. Eustis, late United States M. C. of Louisiana, and Mr. McFarland, private secretaries of
the commissioners, are also captured. The wives
of the parties, the papers state, are allowed to
proceed on their voyage. Will the capture of
those two leading Secessionists complicate the
exchange of prisoners, especially as regards those
confined on political grounds alone?
The entire North will shout over the arrest, and
the public indignation and hatred against them
are such, that the Government will be slow to release them; and my friends here will have it that so
long as they are held, I cannot hope to be released.
But for my part I cannot see the point. The exchange of political prisoners surely has no reference
to rank, and they will be held by our Government
without reference to myself, and so vice versa.
November 19.-To-day, the Message of Jefferson Davis to the Confederate Congress now in session.at Richmond, was delivered, and as it was
short, I have read it. It recites the success of the
Confederate arms since the commencement of the
war, and speaks in exalted terms of the bravery
of their army. He alludes to the arrest of Slidell




230


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


and Mason as a violation on the part of the
United States Government, of the British flag,
and claims that it is no less than an attempt to
exercise general jurisdiction over the seas; that
we had no more right to take these men from the
deck of a British vessel than to arrest them in the
streets of London.
It strikes me that this is correct doctrine
upon principles of international law. But the
circumstances attending their arrest must first be
ascertained before principles of law can be applied. So far as I can now gather the facts and
circumstances of the arrest, it is clear to my mind
that Mr. Davis' position is correct.
The deck of a vessel in theory constitutes a
part of the soil of the nation to which it belongs.
An unwarrantable arrest upon the one would be
equally an aggression as if made upon the other.
It has been suggested that this particular occurrence may have all taken place through an understanding between the rebels and the British Government. If this be established, it of course gives
to the affair another aspect. Much solicitude is
felt here about the effect of this transaction upon
Great Britain.
November 20.-The sergeant gave notice to
the officers to-day that a portion of their number
are to be sent south on Saturday of this week,
and requested that those who preferred to go to




A PRISONER OF WAR.


231


Tuscaloosa, Alabama, instead of Salisbury, N. C.,
should signify their wish to him. But a very
small number are disposed to volunteer, and in
addition to the few who did, the sergeant selected
enough from our number to make twenty-five;
but afterwards, however, some were excused.
The contemplated journey creates much talk
and excitement among us.
November 21.-The officers who leave for
Tuscaloosa are as follows:Captains Thomas Cox, jr., James Bense, Timothy O'Meara; Lieutenants E. W. Hale, F. M.
Peacock, F. T. Sheefer, Charles Gillman, Isaac
M. Church, James Gannon, S. R. Knight, George
B. Kenniston, S. B. Preston, William H. Clarke,
John Bagley, Frank A. Parker; Capt. William
L. Bowers, Lieutenants John K. Skinner, Samuel
Irwin, S. R. Kittridge, James Farran.
Besides these officers one hundred and fifty
privates are also to leave to-morrow at 12 o'clock.
Francis M. Peacock proposes to clothe me
with a power of attorney to transact some important business for him in the city of New York, as
he is to be sent further south. I have agreed to
attend to it, if I should be first liberated.
This evening we had a jolly meeting of "The
Association" in honor of the officers who leave us
to-morrow for Tuscaloosa. The Lieutenants of
the post were present, and partook of the spirit



232


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ual hospitalities of the occasion, and all the proceedings of the meeting went on harmoniously,
the Lieutenants enjoying the toasts and speeches
equally with us, until near the close of the meeting,
when Captain Timothy O'Meara rose, and made a
speech condemning the acts of the rebel Government, in such terms as of course highly offended the
Confederate officers. Lieutenant Booker called me
aside after the meeting broke up, and expressed
his indignation at the insult in strong language,
and censured me, as president, for not calling the
Captain to order for his offensive remarks.
The speaker simply sustained the " Stars and
Stripes," and the principles on which our Governnent stood, and whatever he said in condemnation of the " Confederates" was rather to be inferred from what he said in favor of his own Government. While his remarks were strictly in
order, and would have been so ruled had the
question been raised, still, in the presence of our
invited guests, who entertained contrary sentiments and were extremely sensitive upon such
matters, it must be conceded that his remarks
were ill-timed and discourteous.
Francis M. Peacock has to-day executed and
delivered to me his power of attorney, to take
into my possession his funds deposited in the
hands of different parties in the city of New York,
amounting to many thousand dollars, and to in



A PRISONER OF WAR.


233


vest those funds for his benefit until he may call
for them.  This gentleman left with the other
officers for Tuscaloosa to-day.
November 22.-The departure of twenty officers from our number to-day has produced a sensation of loneliness among those who remain, and
only increases our desire of release. Still my patience is by no means exhausted: I am still in
excellent health and spirits, and for the latter
blessing I am indebted, in a very great degree,
to the comforting letters that I receive from
home. A letter dated the 12th instant reached
me to-day, and contains much good news and
many words of encouragement.    *            t *  It
states, but on what authority I cannot tell, that
" our Government has at last consented to an exchange of prisoners." This I am afraid is founded
upon mere newspaper reports.
*  *   *  I further learn from the letter that
Mrs. Huson received my first despatch respecting
her husband within the week it was written, and
that she was anxiously awaiting the arrival of my
letter descriptive of his death.
November 23.-The Whig of to-day contains
an article from the Charleeston 1Mercury, in which
that journal takes the ground, substantially, that
the General Government, upon principles of national law, had the right to capture Mason and
Slidell on board of the British steamer. This




234


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


concession by the Southern press must put an
end to all hopes of any trouble growing out of,
this affair to the United States. Vattel, Sir William Scott, Chitty, Phillimore, Wheaton, and
Kent, all concur not only that we had the right,
to take the "commissioners," and all their despatches, but the vessel and cargo of the neutral
nation also. What will be done with these men?
To Fort Warren I have no doubt they will be
sent, but they are now said to be at Fortress
Monroe.
At about ten o'clock to-day two preachers
of the Quaker denomination called at our quarters
and asked permission to see me. The elder of
the two then requested that all the prisoneis
might be assembled together and remain quiet
for a short time, which was done. They then
made a few kind remarks, asserting among other
things that they had not come for the purpose
of talking harshly to the prisoners, but as friemds;
that though it was natural for man to fight, yet
if the doctrine of the Saviour had been observed,
there would have been no necessity for the existing war. The younger of the two then turned
to the other and said, " Father, shall I pray for
them?" which he did. I am told that they visited in the same manner all the rooms of the
several prisons.
November 24.-Another Lord's day has come




A PRISONER OF WAR.


235


and gone. The evening was devoted to Divine
service, performed as usual by the Rev. Mr.
Mines.
November 25.-No evidence reaches me as
yet that the Government at Washington intends
to do any thing for us in Richmond. The policy
of the Administration, indeed, would seem to be
averse to any action. It is well, perhaps; they
are in a situation to know what is for the best interest of the country, and I am content to abide
by the decision, whatever it may be. Others
have endured confinement longer than I, and
it was Silvio Pellico, I think, who said, after ten
years' imprisonment, that he had come out purified. If I need it, may such be the advantage derived from mine.
November 26.-Yesterday the editors of the
Dispatch and Examiner were at Captain Gibbs'
office, when we had a gay and lively chat as
usual, but those fellows take unwarrantable liberties to publish all sorts of stuff. I shall in future be more guarded in my conversation with
them and others of their class. At the conclusion of a notice which one of these high-blooded
gentlemen has printed to-day, devoted to me,
occurs the following squib:
"Mr. Ely's good humor, which is the life of
the prison, never deserts him; but it is evident
that he is growing restive at the utter indif



236


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ference displayed by Old Abe for his temporal
welfare. Mr. Calvin Huson, who was beaten by
him for Congress, and who lately died in this
city, was a nephew of Wm. H. Seward, and came
on with the " Grand Army"' to be civil Governor
of Virginia under Old Abe, an arrangement
slightly knocked in the head by the result of the
battle of Manassas. We did not learn this last
item from Mr. Ely, though we have no doubt of
its truth."
As to my "getting restive," I think an imprisonment of more than four months is sufficient
to justify that feeling in any person; and although
the editor had no evidence of the fact from any
thing I had said in conversation, it is nevertheless true enough.
November 27.-The incidents of the day are
so very uninteresting that I can find nothing
worthy of note. It is said, however, that a flag
of truce is to go down to Fortress Monroe, by
which letters may be forwarded North. W. A.
Abbott, of the Navy, is to be released, and will
take the letters. I have written to each member
of my family a long letter, filled, as usual, with
incidents of prison-life, and the hopes and apprehensions so natural to a captive. To Senator
Foster, and other friends, I have also written,
making some suggestions to the former in reference to my imprisonment, and the desirableness




A PRISONER OF WAR.


of a release from Southern hospitality and protection.*
November 28.-The United             States Congress
will meet on Monday next; but, in the present
unpropitious state of things, good care will prob"* Circumstances sometimes occurred which tended very much
to quicken my desire for a removal, as soon as convenient, to a
region where the life, at least, of a prisoner is secure from the ruffianly assaults of men less gentle and honorable than the officers
who guard us. On one occasion I very narrowly escaped assassination at the hands of one whose furious malice was indignantly
rebuked, and his purposes frustrated, by the energy of a rebel
officer.
This incident I will here relate: Dr. Higginbotham, the med,
ical director of the post, called on me one day with an invitation to
visit the hospitals, in order that I might have an opportunity of
seeing the arrangements there made for the care of the wounded,
and noticing minutely the various means provided for their comfort, and the discipline so strictly observed in those establishments.
With this invitation I immediately complied. After leaving the officers' quarters, we proceeded towards the hospitals, doing nothing to
attract observation from those whom we happened to pass. We
had not gone far, however, before I was recognized by one of those
hot-blooded Southerners who think that brutal conduct is indicative of greatness of soul, and vulgar language the true sign of a
gentlemanly nature. On making the discovery, this high-bred
Southerner exclaimed: " There goes that -  Abolitionist, Ely!
I'll kill him, by ---   " and, in order to verify his words, he
drew a revolver, and by rapid strides endeavored to get near
enough to make a good shot. It was exceedingly fortunate for me
that the officer of the post, Captain Gibbs, overheard the threatening words of the brave gentleman, and took care on the instant to
interrupt him in his march, and render the revolver harmless. His
arrest immediately followed, and my life was saved. Of this attempt at open murder I was unaware at the time, but it was communicated to me three days afterwards.




238


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ably be taken by the powers which ought not to
be, that one seat shall miss its accustomed occupant. Of course, I have substantial reasons for
regretting this, being continually admonished by
the presence of Confederate sentinels, if not by
the unyielding temperament of their superiors,
that it is more profitable to dream of "On to
Washington!" than to hope for its speedy realization.
It is some considerable comfort, however, to
be allowed the privilege, if not the right, of communicating so frequently with one's friends in the
North-a privilege which of late has grown into
an established usage. Hardly a flag of truce arrives that does not bring with it a number of
welcome letters from home and family, all fragrant with affection, and written where the kindly air is not tainted with the deathly miasma of
rebellion.
November 29.-The newspapers of this morning report that Messrs. Mason and Slidell have
been taken by Commodore Wilkes, of the San
Jacinto, and conveyed to Fort Warren, in Boston harbor. Such an announcement was not unanticipated, for I had so prophesied some days
ago.
Strange, most truly, are the fortunes of war,
especially a war between the energy of the
North and the dogged perseverance of the South.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


239


It is but a few weeks since these men, who have
borne sway in the councils of the American people, were commissioned by the Rebel Government to represent their " Confederacy" at St.
James' and St. Cloud, as Ministers Plenipotentiary.  "How    are the mighty fallen from    their
seats! " and most unexpectedly become the inmates of a prison rather than the guests of a
palace."
[At this point I find it necessary to offer a
few words of explanation in reference to the remaining portion of the narrative. My daily journal was suspended after the above date of November 29-although my confinement in Richmond continued until the 25th of December. The
causes which led to this need not be particularly
stated; but it will be readily understood that, as
the interval was one in which several important
public events occurred, giving rise to a thousand
rumors of an uncertain and disturbing character,
relative to the bearing which those events might
have on the fortunes of the prisoners, my custom
of writing fell into neglect, and no further record
was made, except in my memory. After my re"* The particulars of the capture, imprisonment, and subsequent
release of these two individuals, with their secretaries, are so fresh
in the public mind, that any further notice of them in this place is
not deemed necessary.




240


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


lease, an unexpected request was made for the
publication of my Journal, with which I was indisposed at first to comply, on the ground that I
should thereby be compelled to write out, in full,
the story of my later days in prison, and of my release and return to Washington. This would have
been a task for which little time was afforded by
my public duties; but I finally consented to devote
such occasional hours of leisure as I could command
to a brief narration of the circumstances preceding
and attending my release, with a further illustration of several matters slightly touched upon in
the Diary, as well as the record of some incidents
which had been altogether overlooked. The material thus supplied, though not actually written
in the prison, has served, in the hands of a literary friend, to form a proper, and, I hope, a not
uninteresting continuation of the narrative, thus
rendering the volume complete.]
So far' as the irksomeness of prison life was
concerned, the closing weeks of my confinement
were quite equal to those which preceded them.
As was the case with my companions, I could not
but hope that there would soon be a change in
our condition; but as the long, dull, weary days
rolled over, it was evident that few of our number could be hilarious without something of an
effort. It was apparent, also, that want of exercise,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


241


and a habit of constantly brooding upon the condition of our beloved country, were having a baneful
influence on the bodily health of all the prisoners.
Among those, however, who by their cheerful conversation did much to drive dull care
away, there was not one, perhaps, who accomplished more than Lieut. Isaac W. Hart, of Indiana. He was ever ready for a harmless frolic,
but when it became necessary to look our troubles
directly in the face, he was not behind any in
manifesting genuine pluck. He told a good story
and sung a good song, and one of the latter, composed by himself, was frequently sung with eclat
by the members of the Prison Association at their
meetings. It was entitled "The Prisoner's Song,"
and the following is an accurate copy:
Come, fellow-prisoners, let's join in a song;
Our stay in the prison, it won't be long;
CHORUS-Roll on, roll on, sweet moments, roll on,
And let the poor prisoner go home, go home.
Our friends at home have made a demand
To have returned this patriot band.
[CHonus, repeated.]
The public press they are bound to'obey,
For from the people they receive their pay.
[CHORUS, repeated.]
Congressman Ely is first on the list;
He'll soon be there, our friends to assist.
[CHORUS, repeated.]
11




242


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


And give to his mind its widest range,
To "spread himself" on the theme of exchange.
[CHORUS, repeated.]
This is the way I long have sought,
And mourned because I found it not.
[CHORUS, repeated.]
If you get there before I do,
Look out for me, for I'm coming too.
[CHORus, repeated.]
For now that the thing has got a start,
They have concluded to send old Hart.
Roll on, roll on, sweet moments, roll on,
And let the poor prisoner go home, go home.
This song was sung-generally in the evening
hours-with the highest zest by its author, and
when the chorus was repeated, the officers joined
in with great enthusiasm.*
* The warm-hearted feelings of the Lieutenant towards his
fellow-prisoners were displayed not only in contributing to their
amusement, but in efforts to excite in the loyal States such public
sympathy as would tend to the relief of those in confinement. As
an illustration of this, I have been induced to insert, though with
some reluctance, for obvious reasons, the following communication,
written by Lieutenant Hart for a Washington paper:
OUR SOLDIERS AT RICHMOND.
RICHMOND, VA., Dec. 11, 1861.
Editor of the Star, Washington, D. C.:
The object of this communication is to call the attention of your
numerous readers to the condition of the Federal prisoners at this
point, for every sympathetic emotion is called up when we behold
from day to day their perfect destitution and suffering. I have
been frequently inquired of by the pale and sickly, half-clad, heart



A PRISONER OF WAR.


243


While on the subject of amusements, and the
various and sometimes ingenious devices to which
broken soldier away from home, and in prison in an enemy's land,
"1 When will our Government send us some clothing and blankets?
Do you know, Lieutenant? "  And then I have heard them despondingly add: "If our parents knew how we suffer here, they
would send to our relief; but we suppose they think the Government will see to it; " and looking at their rags, they would in some
instances say, " I was not accustomed to these things at my father's
house; " and I have seen the tears trickle down their cheeks. It
was by these oft-repeated scenes, (so feebly described,) that the
noble-hearted Ely was prompted to make the proposition which I
clip from the Enquirer of this morning, (which please find enclosed.) The notice states that the soldiers refused it, because
they love their country, and as they had volunteered in her service, they still believed that she would come to their relief. Still
they suffer on. I use the term " half-clad," and it is not an exaggeration. I have seen them without shoes, socks, shirts, coats,
hats, or caps, and in some instances only drawers for pants. Dirty, and pale from long confinement, I have seen hundreds of them
started south to other quarters, exposed to the gaze of curious and
excited crowds, and receiving the mild appellation of " Hessians."
Now, as generous as the proposition of the Hon. Mr. Ely was, it
would have gone but a small way in meeting the demands of the
present number of prisoners here. The Confederate soldiers are
supplied, by home contributions, with all their necessaries. To refer to Mr. Ely once more, I wish he was at his post in the House
of Congress this day; for I feel confident that he could present the
case in its proper light, and in such a manner as would cause the
whole heart of the population to throb in sympathy with the poor
prisoners, and institute a system of exchange at once, which, looking from this stand-point, every principle of justice and humanity
seems to-demand. The first prisoners sent by the Confederates
(seventy) were promptly exchanged by our Government. Last
week five were sent by the Federal Government, and were
promptly responded to by the Confederate Government. Now,
sir, this principle, applied and carried out, would exchange every




244


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


the prisoners resorted, for the purpose of relieving
the monotonous course of their daily life, I may
add some considerable, and perhaps amusing, information to the record already made (pp. 149 -151 ante) of the presentation to me of a wooden
sword, and a sash of rope.       Concerning this ludicrous affair, several notices have appeared in the
public prints, one of which I have given. These,
though tolerably correct in describing the formidable weapon as " a wooden sword of considerable
dimensions and comely shape," are less particular
in setting forth the formalities under which I became the recipient of so unexpected and distinguished a mark of honor. To supply this defect, I
have been kindly allowed to transcribe the followman of us at once. And once more, three thousand men have their
eyes turned to the Government, and they have also numerous
friends at home, all looking and praying for that period to arrive.
Shall they look in vain much longer? May all that is holy, good,
or patriotic, forbid it! And that God's blessing may descend upon
every heart that acts justly, is the prayer of one of the prisoners at
Richmond, to which all the rest respond, Amen.
Yours respectfully,
J. W. HArT.
Extract from the Richmond Enquirer.
"The Yankee prisoners of war in this city are beginning to feel
the want of proper clothing. Congressman Ely has very generously offered, we learn, to expend five thousand dollars of his private
means, which are quite ample, in order to purchase the necessary
clothing; but his fellow-prisoners decline to permit him to do that
which their Government should long since have recognized as a
binding duty."




A PRISONER OF WAR.


245


ing statement from the prison-journal of Capt.
Ralph Hunt, Co. C, 1st. Reg. Ky. Vol., with a few
corrections. *
" Thursday Oct. 3d, 1861.-This morning Lt.
Wallace made a wooden sword, which Capt. Cox
presented to the Hon. Alfred Ely, M. C., from the
Rochester District, State of New   York. Capt.
Cox spoke as follows:
"' Hon. Alfred Ely, Member of Congress from
the Rochester District, State of New York, spectator at the battle of Bull Run, President of the
Richmond Prison Association, etc., Sir: I have
been selected by the members of this Association
to present to you this sword, as a small token of
their regard and esteem for you as an individual,
and as a slight reward for your gallant services in
protecting the rear of our retreating army at the
memorable battle of Bull Run. And, sir, I will
take this occasion to say, that in the selection of
myself for this duty, the Association have been
extremely fortunate; for whether selected to
wield this weapon against my country's foe, or
present it to a friend, I acknowledge few equalsno superior. (Immense applause.)
"'Sir, in presenting to you this sword, the
members of the Association are satisfied that it
will ever be used by you in times of peace,.in
defence of this glorious Union.     (Laughter.)
Although not of as fine material, nor as neatly




246


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


made, nor as gorgeously ornamented, as some
swords you have seen, yet this Association believes, for all the purposes for which you will
ever use a sword, this will answer as well as any
other. (Applause and laughter.)   You will perceive, sir, from the peculiar shape of this beautiful blade, that it is well adapted to fighting from
behind a tree, which we all know is your favorite
position.' (Applause.)
" Capt. Cox here alluded to the Hon. gentleman's Congressional career; but owing to the
noise and confusion the reporter was unable to
catch his words. Then drawing forth a sash,
made from an old hempen rope, Capt. Cox continued,' And, sir, accompanying the sword is this
superb sash-the only one of the kind in the
Union. It was made expressly for you and for
this occasion, and well typifies the taste of the
sunny South. Although it is formed of different
material, and may not appear as beautiful as some,
yet I assure you it is a very substantial one.
And, believing you to be a man of destiny, I think
it indicative of the fate that awaits you,
"' For 'tis so, whether you believe it or not,
Who is born to be hanged, will never be shot.'
And, from your having passed through the battle
of Bull Run unscathed, and from the immense
number of shots known to have been fired on that




A PRISONER OF WAR.


247


occasion, it is evident to any man of the commonest understanding, that you were not born to be
shot. Sir, accept this weapon; regard it as a
priceless treasure; bequeath it to your children
as a rich legacy, that your children's children may
exhibit it to the wondering gaze of posterity, as a
weapon earned by their ancestor in the most
memorable and incomprehensible battle in all
their nation's history.' (Applause.)
" Mr. Ely received the sword and sash with an
air of becoming dignity and gravity, and replied
in substance as follows:
" ' Capt. Cox, and Gentlemen of the Richmond
Prison Association: I rise to address you, on this
momentous occasion, under the influence of very
extraordinary feelings and singular emotions about
the region of the heart. And if my accustomed
eloquence should now fail me, surrounded as I am
by a group of brave and generous warriors, whose
sense of justice has urged them to acknowledge
and reward, in a most munificent and appropriate
manner, my prowess on the battle-field, I must
beg the indulgence which has been extended to
all fluent but bashful orators, from Demosthenes
downward to our own illustrious age.
"' I beg leave to thank you, most worthy
Captain, for having so sensibly and appreciatingly
alluded to my cool but resolute conduct on a very
trying occasion, when (as I may modestly say)




248


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


I stood my ground, though thousands of men and
horses took to their heels, and left me, alone, sir,
to demand the surrender of the whole Confederate
army. ' And, through you, I wish to convey to
the members of this august Association, my grateful acknowledgments for this valuable, unique,
and highly suggestive token of the regard they
have for me-a regard which, I confess, is very
much heightened by my own deep sense of its
justice. You assure me, sir, of their confident
belief that I shall be ready at all times, more
especially in time of peace, to wield this noble
sword in defence of our glorious Union. Such
confidence they shall never have reason to regret
and withdraw. My past career will justify me in
boldly asserting this. For, though it would be
unbecoming in me to claim unmerited honors, yet
I will say that, as a courageous civilian, I endured
at the battle of Bull Run a mental conflict, enough
to kill outright any ordinary man-such a conflict, sir, as made the mere physical matters of
fighting and bleeding look very tame and insignificant in the comparison; though, as I admit,
the bias of a soldier's mind might incline him to
think differently. If this sword, sir, had been in
my grasp at that time, I should have used it as
the means of expressing my feelings in a striking
manner; and I am certain that I should not only
have astonished the enemy but have routed him,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


249


or brought him to terms. At any rate, I assure
you, my trusty weapon shall be kept unsheathed
during the war; and for all time to come I will
fight with it under the glorious star-spangled
banner, and never allow it to be brandished under
any other.
"' The gentleman, however, in referring to the
peculiar shape of this sword, which, you observe,
is that of a scythe, said-somewhat ironically, if
not with a touch of sarcasm-that it was well
adapted to fighting from behind a tree; alluding,
I suppose, to the mode in which I prudently sheltered myself from the shot and shell of the enemy
at Bull Run. Now, as to that matter, it was my
ambition, proved by my most active exertions, to
follow the example of the immortal Jackson, and
many other men as brave and distinguished as
myself, in appropriating to my use the most convenient and secure barricade which the ground
afforded. My friend, surely, did not mean to insinuate that I took to the tree through cowardice;
for this would be a reflection on the valor and discretion of some of the grandest of heroes, as well
as a most pugnacious thrust at my own wellknown bravery. If he did, however, mean to
touch my sacred honor, I can only wonder at his
daring; for I might well believe that few men
living would venture on so dangerous a thing as
an assault on me, while holding in my hand so
11*




250


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


terrible an instrument of vengeance as this Yankee
sword. If the gentleman, then, was in earnest,
(as I really hope he was not,) I shall be obliged
to deal with him promptly according to the rules
made and provided for such cases.' (Tremendous
sensation, and voices calling for pistols and coffee
for two.)
" Captain Cox here very handsomely explained, saying: 'I am sorry the gentleman has so
construed my remarks concerning the tree, the
crooked sword, and his very sensible regard to
the instinct of self-preservation. I certainly meant
nothing objurgatory-nothing to invite an attack
from that awful sword; on the contrary, I admire
the gentleman's prudence and discretion as shown
at Bull Run; for he held possession of the battlefield after our sixteen thousand men had fled;
and owing to his unacquaintance with the laws of
war relating to panics, he scorned to retreat to
Washington, and with no other weapons than
those which nature had furnished him, he placed
himself 'inposition,' behind a good-sized tree, and
there stood as a true hero, until, being outflanked
by superior numbers, he was compelled of course
to surrender. Far, very far be it from me to reflect on the gentleman's courage. On the contrary, I will say that, as a redoubtable Congressman, his case is unparalleled in our country's history.' (Cries of' That's so.')




A PRISONER OF WAR.


251


" Mr. Ely resumed: 'I am sincerely glad, for
his sake, and particularly for my own, to hear the
gentleman's explanation; inasmuch as I have myself a great aversion to getting hurt; and on the
other side, having never yet killed anybody, I
have no desire to begin by annihilating so accomplished a tactician. But, after all, I think that his
remark, under the light cast upon it by the laws
of grammar, good-fellowship, and gunpowder, admitted of a construction which I, as a warlike
lawyer, duly equipped for action, could hardly
pass without notice. For, gentlemen, I hold these
truths to be self-evident, that my devotion belongs to my God, my services to my country, and
my honor to myself; and this honor shall surely
go along with this sword, the one untarnished
and the other unvarnished, down to the latest
posterity of my grandchildren.
"' But, aside from this, there was also an allusion, in the presentation of the sash, which occasioned me a very unpleasant sensation in the neck. The
gentleman was kind enough to suggest that this
article being made of hemp _was indicative of the
high and conspicuous position which I was some
day to attain. This notion of his seems, however,
to be grounded on the idea that I should obtain
the promotion in question, under the special favor
of the Confederate Government, inasmuch as, in
the loyal States, I could have no expectation of




252


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


any thing of the kind. Now, as I should be very
unwilling to accept such a distinction, if it were
offered me by any Government in the world, the
gentleman's anticipations are not likely to be
verified. But this much I promise, viz.: that I
will lay up this hempen sash, and gladly loan it
whenever an occasion offers for the rewarding of
those who have so abominably afflicted us. In
the mean time, I beg you all to believe, that I,
Congressman Ely, am not the man to shrink from
duty, whatever may be the valor of the enemy, or
the state of the weather. Armed with this faithful sword, I fear neither friend nor foe-not even
the Confederate ladies themselves. And in years
to come, long after we have cured the South of
its present insanity, our children, I hope, will
have many a tale to tell of the potent effect which
followed the very sight of this warlike instrument, in subduing by terror a people who could
not be conquered by reason.' (Applause.)"
Such were the innocent, harmless, and mirthful expedients by which a large body of men, including several who had been highly educated
and accustomed to all the refinements of social
life, sought to alleviate, in some measure, the
hardships they were obliged to endure while confined within the cheerless walls of a Southern
prison. If time would permit, I could easily fill
a number of pages with similar details of fun,




A PRISONER OF WAR.


253


frolic, amusing pastimes, and " witty inventions"
of all sorts, in word and action.
During the time of my confinement at Richmond, there were several escapes of prisoners,
both officers and private soldiers, some of which
presented features of such singular adroitness in
out-manoeuvring the authorities, and evading the
vigilance of sentinels and policemen, as to occasion much merriment when the news of those adventures reached us. Among them, the escape
of Colonel De Villiers was so remarkable for skilful contrivance, and success in defeating all the
efforts made for his detection, that a short account of it may here be introduced as a not inappropriate appendage to the story of prison amusements.
Colonel Charles A. De Villiers of the Jlth
Ohio Regiment, was taken prisoner on the Kanawha River by General Wise, on the 17th of
July, 1861, with other officers of General Cox's
brigade.  On his arrival at Richmond, the Colonel was evidently much distressed, keenly feeling
the mortification arising from his imprisonment;
and being of an exceedingly nervous temperament, he was subject, at times, to great depression
of spirits. This, however, soon wore away, and
we found ourselves under great obligations to
him for exhibitions of the most difficult feats of
the soldier's drill, of which he was a complete




254


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


master. He was, indeed, a bundle of nerves,
almost without flesh, weighing not more than 110
pounds; and his exercises with the musket and
the broad-sword, as displayed in the prison, entitled him to the full credit of being the master
under whose teaching the lamented Ellsworth
acquired his proficiency in Zouave drill and military discipline.
Being somewhat acquainted with the practice
of surgery, he was detailed by the Confederate
surgeons of the post, to assist in taking charge of
the sick and wounded prisoners at the hospitals.
Like other Federal surgeons acting in the same
capacity, he enjoyed the freedom of the city, upon
his parole of honor, until about the 3d day of
September, when, for some reason not fully understood by our officers at the time, he was deprived
of his parole, and returned to close confinement
in the officers' quarters.
One Sunday morning after his return to the
prison, for the purpose, as we supposed, of raising
money, he sold at auction to the officers in the
prison, several articles of his military clothing.
On the same evening he escaped from the prison;
but in what manner, or through what device, I
have never learned. I conclude, however, that
his departure could not have been unknown to
some of the officers, from the fact that his name
was responded to by some one of the officers, at




A PRISONER OF WAE.


255


roll-call, for three successive mornings; and for
this reason his escape was not suspected by the
Confederate officers, until the Colonel had been
four days on his way.
It was conjectured, from circumstances known
to some of the officers, that the Colonel had fled
in the disguise of a Confederate officer; that he
was assisted by two rebel officers in his escape,
who supplied him with a fleet horse, which they
stationed on the outside of the town, where it
was understood they were to meet the Colonel,
and who were to provide him with pistols, carbine, food, etc., necessary to pursue his journey,
which had, of course, to be made in the night
hours.
When his escape became known, great efforts
were made by the rebel officers to recapture him,
if possible; and officers and scouts were sent in
all directions in pursuit; but weeks rolled away
and no tidings were heard of the gallant Colonel.
At this time, the vigilance exercised through.
out Virginia, among civilians as well as the military, made it almost impossible to get across the
country in the direction of the Potomac, and little
doubt was entertained by his fellow-officers that
the Colonel would be recaptured, and brought
back to prison, in case he attempted to escape in
that direction. His fate, however, was not known
at Richmond until his arrival at Washington was




256


JOtRNtAL OF ALFRED ELY,


announced in the papers, and his appointment
as a Brigadier-General nearly two months afterwards.
The General, as it turned out, when he left
the prison, bent his course towards Norfolk, which
city, though but about one hundred miles distant
from Richmond, he only reached after six weeks
travel, performed in short stages by night, through
the swamps and marshes which intervene between
the two cities, subsisting in the mean time on berries and shrubs, and exposed to hardships such as
only an experienced soldier could ever survive.
Having arrived at Norfolk, he managed to disguise himself as a mendicant Frenchman, aged,
very infirm, and nearly blind; and thus he gained
admittance to a hospital in that city. In some
way he procured a pair of green goggles, with
which, and a pack on his back, and stooping, and
resting on a rough cane, the poor old Frenchman
became an object of commiseration. In this condition he freely went where he chose about the
city, speaking only in the French language; and
finally made an application to the rebel General
in command, for permission to go to Fortress
Monroe under the flag of truce, that he might
embark for his dear old home in France.
The piteous story of the venerable Frenchman,
and his urgency to return to his home, which he
had 'left before the rebellion broke out, and the




A PRISONER OF WAR.


257


accomodating spirit of the Confederates manifested to the French, as well as to the English, at
that time, induced the rebel General, from charitable motives, after two weeks' delay, and persistent
application on the part of De Villiers, to allow him
to go on board the truce-boat.
When the boat met the Federal steamer, the
infirm old Frenchman (at the venerable age of
thirty-five) was assisted on board by the compassionate officers from Norfolk, who bid him an
affectionate adieu. But no sooner had he reached
the deck of the Union boat, than he coolly cast
off his pack, green goggles, and all; and, after
thanking the officers for their politeness, shouted,
with an air of youthful animation, a loud huzza
for the Stars and Stripes, and gave the Confederates the pleasing information that they had just
parted with Colonel De Villiers, of the 11th Ohio.Regiment.
On the 25th of November I remarked in the
diary: " No evidence reaches me, as yet, that the
Government at Washington intends to do any
thing for us at Richmond." But, about that time,
rumors were afloat, and reached the prison through
the newspapers, that a project was on foot, which,
if successful, would issue in my exchange for the
Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, late minister of the
United States to France. Mr. Faulkner, immediately on his return to the United States, had




258


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY2


proceeded to Washington, for the purpose of
terminating his official connection with the Government, and presenting his accounts and other
papers. While in that city he was arrested for
disloyal conduct, and sent to prison. Subsequently
he was removed to Fort Lafayette, and finally
to Fort Warren, in Boston Harbor.*
A few days before my release, I was visited
by Messrs. Bocock and Boyce, who stated that
they intended to use their efforts to get me exchanged for Mr. Faulkner.        I judged from     this
that there might, probably, be some foundation
for the reports in circulation; and my hopes were
confirmed on the following day, when the Richmond papers announced that Mr. Faulkner had
actually been released, on his parole, for thirty
days, on condition that he should proceed to
Richmond, and procure, if practicable, my liberation, as the price of his own. I found some
"* The antecedents of Mr. Faulkner, as a public man, may be
briefly given as follows:-He was born in Berkley County, Virginia, in 1805; received a collegiate education; studied law and
came to the bar in 1829; served four or five years in the State
Legislature; was a commissioner to report on the boundary line
between Virginia and Maryland; in 1850, was a member of the
Convention to revise the Constitution of Virginia; and was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1851 to 1859. By
President Buchanan he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to
France, and on his return to the United States in 1861, was suspected of being in league with the Great Rebellion, and for that
reason was arrested as a prisoner of state, and imprisoned.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


259


difficulty, at first, in crediting the news, inasmuch as it seemed to me that Messrs. Bocock and
Boyce must have been aware of it, if true, when
conversing with me so lately; and would not,
probably, have been silent in regard to so- important a fact. But as each additional day's intelligence announced the progress of Mr. Faulkner
to the South, I became convinced that my release
was really not very far distant.
In the early part of December, then, as proved
to be true, Mr. Faulkner was permitted by the
Federal Government to leave Fort Warren on
parole, and proceed to Richmond, for the purpose
of negotiating with the rebel authorities, and endeavoring to effect the exchange alluded to. In
the event of failure, Mr. Faulkner was to return
to Fort Warren within the period of thirty days
from the time when he left it.
On the 10th of December he reached New
York, and proceeded somewhat leisurely to Richmond, where he arrived from Norfolk, at 7 o'clock
on Thursday evening, December 19th, having been
sent to the latter city under a flag of truce from
Fortress Monroe. Mr. Faulkner was met at the
depot in Richmond, by Governor Letcher, Mayor
Mayo, and a large body of people, estimated at
the number of 30,000, and was immediately taken
to the city hall " in a carriage drawn by four gray
horses." It would appear that the rebel capital




260


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


was, for the time, a scene of joy and merriment;
for, as we were told, the streets were gay with.
flags, and the procession moved on amid shouts
and cheering. At the city hall a public reception
took place, at which Governor Letcher made a
most complimentary and chivalrous speech, declaring in it that " the Confederate States could
well afford to exchange Ely for Faulkner," the
latter personage being " worth a whole regiment
of Elys."
The papers state that Governor Letcher also
rather amusingly remarked in this speech, that
he and Mr. John R. Edmonds were together when
the English news arrived about the affair of Mason and Slidell; and that they had agreed to
pray " that Lincoln might have backbone-that if
he had, as Mr. Faulkner reported was the case,
Boston, Philadelphia, and New York, were likely
to be well bombarded."
After this, it appears that Mayor Mayo, with
unusual animation, " concluded, by generally endorsing Governor Letcher's prayer for Mr. Lincoln's 'backbone,' and with the recommendation
that Lincoln, Seward, and the whole concern
should take a little more brandy cocktails."-Richmond.Daily Examiner.
I may be pardoned, perhaps, for mentioning
here, that on the evening before I left Richmond,
in a very pleasant interview with Governor




A PRISONER OF WAR.


261


Letcher, I reminded him, in a jocular way, of his
famous assertion, by saying: " Governor, you told
the people that you could well afford to release
me for a Faulkner, who was worth a whole regiment of Elys.    Now, Governor, I want 999 Yankees to go home with me; and you cannot, surely,
allow me to doubt that you are willing to do the
fair thing."   " Oh! " said the Governor, "that
will do to talk about; but, Mr. Ely, you can't
have it clone." From this, I concluded that the
Governor had changed his mind very suddenly
about the relative value of Faulkners and Elys.
On Friday, December 20th, the day after Mr.
Faulkner's arrival at Richmond, he called upon
me in the afternoon.      We had a pleasant interview, and I received from him the first really definite information.concerning my coming liberation.
He announced that he had been favored with an
interview with Jefferson Davis "and his Cabinet;
and was happy to have it in his power to state
that they had decided upon my release.*
"* Some opposition was manifested to the release, by some of
the Southern people, on various technical grounds, and the papers
took it up. One of them remarks as follows:
Hon. Charles James Faulkner, and Hon. Alfred Ely-one a quasi
prisoner, and the other a real one-had a very pleasant interview
yesterday at the Confederate States Military Prison, where Mr.
Faulkner called to see Mr. Ely. We are told that there was great
rejoicing in the prison, but whether it was confined to the breast
of Mr. Ely, or shared by his fellow-captives, we were not informed.
The circumstances that induced the Lincoln Government to allow




262


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


On the following day, Saturday, December
21st, General Winder came to the prison; and,
as he entered the room with considerably more
formality and dignity than usual, I had reason to
surmise that he was the bearer of some important
intelligence. There followed a few moments of
suspense, sensibly affecting my fellow-prisoners
as well as myself. The kind-hearted General then
announced to me that I was once more a free man,
and presented to me the documents authorizing
my immediate discharge from confinement. He
added that he should now be happy to see me at
his own house; and         after the interchange of a
few pleasant words, he retired from the room,
leaving me in a state of happy reflection, which I
Mr. Faulkner, whom they had arrested without warrant of law,
and without a shadow of pretext to justify so flagrant a breach of
individual right, to come here are known. The condition exacted
was, that he should procure the liberation of Mr. Ely in exchange
for his own, or return and submit himself to the rigors of a captivity, as hard as it is unjust. So far as Mr. Ely is individually
concerned, he has proved himself a man of kindly disposition and
amiable impulses since here, and on his own account we could find
no objection to his being returned to the " bosom of his family " if
he would stay there, and not attempt to influence the minds of the
fanatics of the North by his harangues. We would not disparage
his claims to the most favorable consideration of our Government;
but, though a non-combatant, he certainly made his appearance on
the field of Manassas to gloat over the prospective defeat and humiliation of the Confederate soldiers. We learned last night that
the Government had consented to exchange Mr. Ely for Mr.
Faulkner; so, it is reasonable to suppose that that eminent patriot
will shake the " rebel" dust of Richmond from off his feet.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


263


will not attempt to describe. On the same day,
my release was made generally known by means
of the Richmond papers.
About sundown, Mr. Faulkner called again at
the prison, bringing with him Governor Letcher's
carriage. The object was to afford me an agreeable opportunity for the use of the liberty to
which I had just become entitled. After the
usual congratulations, we proceeded to the Governor's mansion, enjoyed an excellent dinner, indulged in lively conversation, and parted with a
mutual expression of personal good feeling.
A meeting of the Prison Association, of which
I was the President, was immediately convened
upon my release, affording me an opportunity for
bidding an affectionate farewell to my associates
in captivity, in an address recounting the experiences of the past, with our mutual sufferings
and pleasures, and for assuring them of my deep
sense of the kindliness of spirit and generosity of
heart, which had marked all their conduct towards me during the five long months of our imprisonment.
On Wednesday, December 25th, a Christmas
day long to be remembered, and in a very special
sense a " merry " one, I bid an unreluctant adieu
to Richmond at the early hour of 5 A. M., and
took passage on the railroad train for Petersburg,
in the same State.




264


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


It was my wish to remain in Richmond through
Christmas day, and I so intimated to General
Winder, upon applying for my passport to Norfolk on the previous day. But the General, after
pausing for a moment, very significantly said that
he had seen and conversed, with the Secretary of
War; and in consequence of suggestions made
by him, would advise me to leave in the morning
train. He undoubtedly regarded me as too dangerous a customer to be allowed to tarry long in
the Confederate States; and probably thought
that the sooner my departure was effected the
less knowledge I should acquire of the fortifications about Richmond, and of the real state of
public sentiment existing in the minds of the
people, especially as there seemed to be not a little evidence of the revival of loyal feelings among
a large class of the population.
No annoyance was experienced on the journey
to Petersburg; but on approaching the depot in
that city, I was much surprised, if not alarmed,
on finding a crowd of curious mortals assembled,
sufficiently large to satisfy the ambitious desires
of a Japanese Prince. This eager multitude, I
afterwards learned, had been drawn together by
an announcement in the morning papers of my
expected arrival; and I could not but think that
if a Southerner is a match for five Yankees, the
situation of one such might become highly disa



A PRISONER OF WAR.


265


greeable in the hands of so vast an assemblage.
But by the polite and judicious conduct of Mr.
Bernard W. Sage, of Louisiana, a gentleman connected with the Confederate Government, all intrusion, offence, and personal injury were effectually prevented; and I was permitted, after enjoying an unmolested breakfast, to proceed directly
on to Norfolk.
/ When I arrived at Norfolk, I called immediately upon General Huger, and delivered a letter addressed to him from General Winder. From
General Huger I received the most courteous
treatment, and was introduced by him to the
members of his Staff, and to Colonel Mulligan, his
Provost Marshal./ He then inquired whether I
was desirous of proceeding to Fortress Monroe at
once; to which I replied that I was, if this could
be done without putting him to inconvenience.
Orders were then sent by him to the commander
of a steamer, to be in readiness to convey me,
without delay, to the Union truce-boat from Fortress Monroe. I was also placed under the special
charge of Colonel Mulligan, and safely conducted
to the boat.
I then remarked to the General that I supposed
it would be considered necessary, before my embarkation, to submit my baggage, which consisted
of a trunk and two carpet-bags, to the customary
process of examination. He replied "Yes, we shall
12




266


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


do that for form's sake, and my Provost Marshal
will attend to it on the dock."
At his suggestion, I went to the Atlantic
Hotel, near by, in company with my escort from
Richmond, to remain until notified that the boat
was in readiness to leave. At the Hotel, inside
and out, was a large crowd assembled, as at
Petersburg, for the purpose of seeing, with their
own eyes, the Yankee Congressman, who, five
months before, had been caught near the woods
at Manassas. Among them I observed a great
number of Confederate officers, who soon gathered around me. Several of these I immediately
recognized, as they had called upon me at the
prison in Richmond.
Much anxiety was manifested to hear me
speak on topics relating to the war, and to gather
my views as to its final issue; but no indignity
or offence of the slightest kind was offered me on
the occasion; and indeed, from several observations made by some of the gentlemen about me,
it was evident that it would have been a dangerous experiment for any person present to have
attempted it. After much merriment and jocular
conversation in the hours spent at the Hotel, a
messenger from General Huger summoned me to
the boat, to which I went directly, having first bid
adieu to my friend Mr. Sage of Louisiana, and the
crowd en masse at the Hotel.




A PRISONER OF WAR.


267


On my arrival at the dock, I found the Provost Marshal, i detective Police officer from Richmond, whom I well knew as being in the service
of General Winder, and two other gentlemen apparently connected in some way with the business in hand. The Provost Marshal addressed
me by saying that he should be "under the painful necessity " of demanding the keys of my baggage; to which I instantly responded by delivering them to him. My baggage was then ordered
by him to be taken to a small building some distance from the pier, which we all entered, and
then the key of the door was turned. My bunch
of keys was then returned to me, with the request
that I would myself unlock the trunk. This I
did, and removed from it the several articles of
clothing, books, papers, etc., with which it was
filled, including, among these, my Journal. The
Marshal then, with a pocket foot-rule, measured
the outside, and also the inside of the trunk, with
a particular reference to the bottom. He then
remarked to me, " Mr. Ely, there is a false bottom
in this trunk." To this charge I made no direct
reply, but quietly said, " Well, this is a point we
will not now discuss, as I suppose you can easily
ascertain for yourself whether your impressions
are correct or not." He then introduced me to the
two Norfolk gentlemen, who, he said, had been
requested by him to assist in making this search,




268


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


as they were somewhat familiar with business of
that kind. One of them then drew a gimblet
from his pocket, and after boring a hole through
the bottom of the trunk, drew out the instrument,
and said with an air manifesting much surprise,
"Colonel, there is no false bottom here." In like
manner he bored through the top, with a similar
result.
The Provost Marshal, evidently not a little
chagrined and mortified at his mistake, now took
occasion to state, in an apologetic tone, that he
had received information from a source in Richmond of unquestionable authority, that the trunk
contained a false or double bottom; and moreover, that the individual who made it, had been
arrested for the offence, and was then in prison in
that city. He proceeded to say, that he was most
happy to find himself misinformed; and that my
conduct since I had been a prisoner of war at
Richmond, did not justify the belief that I would
attempt to practice a deception on the Confederate
Government, to enable me to take away written
or private information, and documents, which I
knew to be expressly prohibited not only to prisoners of war, but to all others passing within the
lines of the Federal Government. Except for the
positive information alluded to, he said that no
search whatever would have been instituted; and
he desired me to regard what had taken place, as




A PRISONER OF WAR.


269


a simple discharge of his duty, as required under
the circumstances, and in no respect intended as
a personal indignity to myself.
It is proper here to say, that the trunk was
originally made with the false bottom in question; and I had once thought that a secure place
might thus be found in it for several small books
containing my Journal. But, on further reflection, I determined to act fairly and openly in the
matter, even though the temptation was strong
to avail myself of an adroit method of preserving
my harmless books. Accordingly, I had the false
bottom taken out of the trunk, thereby restoring
it to the ordinary form, without the knowledge
of the maker, who proved to be also the informer.
After the examination, I remarked to the officers, that there were many letters in my trunk,
handed to me by citizens of Richmond, to convey
to the North; which letters had been too late for
the general examination at General Winder's office,
(2,000, or more,) designed for the mail-bags. I
also said that these letters, and every other article
in my trunk, were entirely at his disposal for inspection; and that the manuscript of incidents
in prison, contained in several small books, was
brought away by me under express permission
obtained from   General Winder.    The Marshal
declined to proceed further with the examination,




270


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


and politely assisted me in repacking the contents of my trunk. He remarked that he should
at once make a report of the facts to the authorities at Richmond, by which they would probably
make the discovery that they had been sold.
All being now ready for departure, I bid farewell to the officers who had unwittingly afforded
me a scene of amusement long to be remembered,
and went on board the boat. Leaving the pier
and all rebeldom behind, we now steamed down
Elizabeth River towards Hampton Roads; and
when I caught sight of the Union boat approaching from Fortress Monroe, and nearing Sewall's
Point-the place of meeting-with the Federal
Stars and Stripes flying at the mast-head, my feelings, so long subdued, were no longer capable of
restraint. At any risk, and even on the deck of
a rebel steamer, I clapped my hands for joy, and
cried out, " God be blessed, that I am allowed
once more to see that glorious banner! " It was
well for me that Captain Preston, the commander,
to whom I had been introduced before leaving
the pier, was a man with a feeling heart, and
frank enough to grant that, in my circumstances,
he could not blame me much for giving expression to such a sentiment.
The two steamers were soon alongside of each
other, and I re-embarked.on board the Federal
boat with sensations of delight such as I had




A PRISONER OF WAR.


211


never before experienced, and which I will not
attempt to describe.
The boat steamed away for the Fortress,
which I had never before seen, and we were soon
landed at the dock. I immediately called on
General Wool, who received me with a hearty
welcome, and many congratulations on my return
from captivity; and, after a somewhat lengthy
interview, in which he engaged in an earnest conversation upon different topics connected with
the war, and especially the magnitude of the
Southern forces at Richmond and other localities,
I was summoned on board of the Baltimore boat
to take my departure.
The General, however, not having finished his
interview, and wishing to entrust to me several
important communications to distinguished officials at Washington, directed the steamboat to remain until I was prepared to leave.
The boat having been thus detained for nearly an hour, I at last took the veteran old General by the hand to bid him good-bye, when he
remarked that he was rejoiced once more to see
me in safety in this loyal part of the country;
and that I had now additional reasons for doing
my best to preserve that country, by a faithful
discharge of my public duties on the floor of
Congress.
On board of the Baltimore boat we had few




272


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


passengers, but I was invited into the Captain's
office, where I spent an agreeable evening with him
and his friends, until I retired to my state room.
SI awoke at an early hour in the morning,
and finding the machinery of the boat at rest, I
inferred that we were already at the Baltimore
dock, which proved to be the case. Leaving my
state-room, I was at once besieged by newspaper
reporters, eager for me to impart my Southern
experience, and any news of interest from the
Rebel States. /I was then conducted to a carriage, and taken to the Eutaw House, where I
was visited by large numbers of citizens, and urged
by a Committee to address the people of Baltimore before my departure for Washington. This
request I declined, not feeling myself able to address a large assembly, enervated as I was by
long confinement.
My estimable friend, Mr. Colman, of the
Eutaw House, insisted that I should, at least, remain in Baltimore through the day and evening,
which was quite agreeable, in view of the fatigue
occasioned by so many visits and salutations. A
dinner of unusual elegance was prepared by Mr.
C., at which a private party, including Mrs. Colman and her two accomplished daughters, were
present, and the hours were enlivened by such
agreeable, and I may say sympathizing, inter.
change of sentiments for my prison troubles, as




A PRISONER OF WAR.


273


could only have been equalled had I been in the
midst of intimate relatives.
I left Baltimore at 4 p. M., on the 27th of
December, for Washington, where I arrived
about 7 o'clock in the evening, and proceeded
to Willard's hotel. An immense crowd of people
thronged every avenue to the house, and I could
hardly believe that such an assembly would have
convened to greet the return of even the most
aristocratic prisoner, much less that of an individual so humble as myself. Around me were
Senators and Representatives, (many of whom I
last saw on the battle-field,) ladies, citizens of
Washington, and strangers, manifesting a degree
of sympathy and warmth of congratulation upon
my restoration to liberty, and return to my public duties, which filled my heart with thankfulness
to God that I was once more a free man, receiving the kind welcome of my friends, in the capital of my own country. The calls of the people
in the avenue in front of the hotel for my appearance, and the music, from more than one band in
their midst, playing "Home, sweet home," gave
me an opportunity to make a brief address from
the balcony, in acknowledgment of a compliment
whicd was not only unexpected, but also far more
generous and flattering than I could have claimed
or imagined.
With my return to Washington my record
12*




214


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


of events is brought to a proper termination; but
I may not inappropriately add a few thoughts
which passed through my mind on a retrospect
of the whole narrative.
It has been said that the uses of adversity are
"sweet;" and I have no intention, at present, to
dispute about the truth of such an apothegm.
But, whether adversity itself has any elements
deserving a similar panegyric, is a question which,
in my opinion, the Richmond prisoners would be
apt to settle without much debate. For my own
part, I incline to the views of the metaphysicians,
in allowing that pain is sometimes a necessary
preliminary to the enjoyment of profit: and, for
this reason, the many dreary months of my imprisonment may possibly be remembered hereafter with less regret, as time develops the new
and very practical impressions then made on my
mind.
Among other things, I found that to visit
battle-fields as a mere pastime, or with the view
of gratifying a panting curiosity, or for the sake
of listening to the roar of shotted artillery, and
the shrill music of flying shells, (which motives,
however, were not exactly mine,) is neither a safe
thing in itself, nor a justifiable use of the passion
which Americans are said to possess for public




A PRISONER OF WAR.


275


spectacles. Though I was on the field, yet I saw
little of the strife; nevertheless, the revelations
of what then occurred, have been such that Bull
Run now looms up in my mind with a very frightful aspect, and in all the magnitude of its horrors.
The dead and the dying, the shattered limbs
and flowing blood of the wounded, the miseries
of desolated homes, the mourning of widowed
mothers and fatherless children, and the crushing
agony suddenly cast into the hearts of thousands
in every corner of the land, are so vividly pictured on my imagination by the official reports, and
by the confusion and terror of which I was a witness, as to make it a marvel that, without much
reflection, I could have exposed myself even to
the chance of looking upon the actual scene of
conflict from which all this misery issued. Still,
without any desire to exculpate myself from whatever blame may justly attach itself to such an
error, I must be allowed, for my own vindication,
to say, with all conscientiousness, that my visit
to the battle-field, though apparently to witness
the fight, had other objects also, and undoubtedly
was not censurable in every aspect in which it
may be viewed; inasmuch as it was my intention
to offer and render to the wounded (especially
those of the Rochester regiment, if any there
were) such unprofessional and benevolent services
as were in the power of a friendly civilian to per



276


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


form, even though this might not, in all probability, be unattended by a good deal of personal
exposure, inconvenience, and suffering-to say
nothing of the risk of capture by the enemy. On
one point alone do I feel cause for deep regret.
My visit to the field being entirely a voluntary
one, and not in response to a call of actual duty,
I might have declined it, in consideration of the
sacredness of the Lord's day on which it occurred.
But, having noticed this already in the early part
of the diary, and made the proper acknowledgments, so far as my fellow-Christians are concerned,
I have now only to confess again the justice of
the retribution, and to add that I have no disposition to repeat the error, nor to renew my intimacy on such terms with the Confederates, nor
to test any further their gentleness and chivalry
by my own experience.
It may also not be amiss for me to say, for
the benefit of my over-curious and ardent fellowcitizens who are in the pursuit of knowledge, that
if a civilian should desire to become acquainted
with the mysteries of war, or the military virtues
of Southerners as displayed in an engagement, it
will be, on the whole, less uncomfortable to his feelings to study such things somewhere north of the
Potomac, than to hire a buggy, and run the chance
of a personal inspection of the doings of combatants on the " sacred soil " of a disloyal State. It




A PRISONER OF WAR.


277


is true enough that experience, in matters affecting either body or soul, is a capital teacher; and
one's own experience is supposed to have a special value arising from the fact that we have unlimited confidence in the acuteness of our own
powers of discernment and observation.      But
personal experience concerning things outside of
us, is sometimes an ugly thing, and costs more
than the worth of the knowledge we thus acquire;
as in the case of information conveyed through
skin and bone by means of a Minie ball or a fragment of a bursting shell, which unwelcome messengers doubtless excite such curious sensations
as were never felt before, but are apt, nevertheless, to raise the exceedingly pertinent question,
whether the loss of a limb, or even a nose or an
ear, or the spoiling of one's beauty in other respects, is a fair price to pay for a knowledge of
the process by which the thing was so neatly and
artistically dote.
I frankly confess that, at the time of my capture, I was not very well acquainted with the
distinctive marks, looks, and habits of Southern
soldiers; but all these were presented to my mind
with remarkable force, when Colonel Cash threatened to dislodge my brains with his pistol, and
when I was informed that I had entered upon
my novel career as a prisoner of war. The cost
of this first item of intelligence was, in my judg



278


JOURNAL OF ALFRED ELY,


ment, out of all proportion with the benefit received; and when to this were added the sufferings, privations, indignities, and discomforts following my matriculation in that memorable school
of learning, the tobacco warehouse at Richmond,
I came to the conclusion-though it may seem a
selfish one-that a wise man will oftentimes be
thoughtful and shrewd enough to avail himself
of the past experience of other people, when his
own is likely to prove too pungent to be agreeable.
And there is another thing yet which I wish
to say to my readers, by way of caution, if they
should ever feel inclined to visit Yorktown, or
any other stronghold of the enemy. In my boyish days a good deal was told me about a certain
fox, in old times, who would never leap into a
pit, which in any respect looked forbidding, till
he had first of all determined, by a careful investigation of the premises, and a look at its depth
and the structure of its walls, that there was a
tolerable certainty of getting out again without
sustaining loss or serious damage. But it is an
unfortunate trait of youthful minds, that the
charm of the story takes deeper hold on the
memory, than the moral which it is designed to
enforce.
Now, it was evidently for want of a little
more of the prudent precaution thus commended




A PRISONER OF WAR.


279


to mankind in general by the example of the
venerable fox, that I rushed, like many others as
wise as myself, into a place not at all remarkable
for its safety; imagining, very innocently, that a
retreat would be quite as easy as an advance, and
that a Connecticut man, by his very blood and
birthright, and well-established fame for wakefulness, must be superior to all the wit and strategy of foes who had never been schooled in the
dexterous habits, nor acquired the acuteness and
prevision so common to Northern minds. The
mistake was discovered in less time than it took
to rectify it, as this brief history of my captivity
will sufficiently testify. But, being now a free
agent once more, I shall take the best care to profit
by the lesson; and as General McClellan has affirmed, on purely military grounds, that there shall
be no more Bull Run defeats, so, on purely prudential considerations, I will now venture to make
the parallel assertion, that no further capture of
Congressmen on rebel soil may be hoped for by
those who once so magnanimously bore away an
unarmed and unresisting civilian, threatened him
with an ignominious death, and kept him lodged
for five months within the wretched confines of
a Confederate prison.








APPENDIX.
THE subjoined list of Union officers and soldiers
who have been, and are now, imprisoned in the Southern States, was prepared with great care by the Hon.
Alfred Ely. It gives the name, rank, company, regiment, and place of confinement of each person. As an
appropriate introduction to the list of names, the only
complete and authentic one in existence, the following
letter is submitted and will be read with interest.
RIcuMOND, Nov. 25, 1861.
HoN. THADDEUS STEVENS, House of Representatives:
DEAR SIR: It is publicly known that I was arrested by
the Confederate troops near Manassas, on the 21st July last,
and brought to Richmond as a prisoner of war, where I have
been detained in close confinement ever since. Throughout
my imprisonment, now exceeding four months, I have endeavored to deport myself in such manner as neither my friends nor
my own Government would have cause to regret.
My object in troubling you at this time, however, as you
are about entering upon your laborious duties in the House, is




282


APPENDIX.


not one of personal consideration to myself, but to call your
attention to the condition of our private soldiers now held
as prisoners of war. The Confederates have now in their possession and in actual imprisonment, 2,961 officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, aside from those on parole, as
I learn from reliable sources; 1,710 of these officers and privates are still at Richmond, confined in loathsome tobacco factories converted into prisons, and the remainder have been distributed to different localities in North and South Carolina,
Louisiana, and Alabama. Included among this number are
several hundred three months' troops, whose term of enlistment
had in fact expired before the battle of Bull Run, who left
their homes and families upon the first call of their country,
to defend the Capitol and the flag. These men have been imprisoned already more than four months, in the confident hope
that some arrangement would be made to secure their release,
or provide, at least, for their destitute condition. They have
suffered like true soldiers, with a patient self-sacrifice of almost
every personal comfort, until the poor fellows are nearly disheartened. Could you have witnessed with me to-day five
hundred of these troops as they were preparing to depart for
Tuscaloosa, in Alabama, there still to be imprisoned, I think,
sir, it would have roused the sympathies of your generous
nature. A large portion of these men were, as you are no
doubt aware, taken prisoners in midsummer, when the weather
was exceedingly hot, and dressed in clothing suitable to the
season; and not only that, but great numbers had thrown off their
coats on going into battle, and were brought here in their shirtsleeves. They have had no change of clothing for months. I
have seen them without shoes, socks, shirts, coats, hats or caps,




APPENDIX.


283


and in several instances with only drawers for pants-pale and
haggard from long confinement. In this condition hundreds
have been sent South to other prisons, exposed to the gaze of
the curious and excited crowds.
Separated as they have been fromi their friends, and embarrassed by the uncertainty and danger of transmitting means in
the present state of affairs, they have been substantially cut off
from all private resources for relief. The winter is already
upon them, and the necessity for clothing and blankets, especially for the prisoners in this latitude, appeals but too earnestly
to a generous Government in whose defence they have taken up
arms. If no measures are contemplated which are likely soon
to lead to the release of prisoners, these men should be supplied
with needful clothing without delay; and I know the Administration too well to believe for a moment that it will suffer these
brave men, after fighting the battles of their country, and
falling unfortunately into the enemy's hands, to continue
incarcerated in Southern States destitute of the comforts of
life.
The officers of the United States Army, my associates and
prisoners of war, at whose request I address this communication
to you, are unacquainted with the views of the Government
upon the subject of an exchange of prisoners, now somewhat
strongly urged in different sections of the North; but whatever
they may be, they feel assured, with myself, that they will not
be unduly neglected by their Government, and are content,
with myself, to remain in imprisonment so long as it promotes
the best interests of our country.
Very truly, your friend,
ALFRED ELY,




284


APPENDIX.


COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.


Colonel MICHAEL CORCORAN, (Hostage,) 69th N. Y.,
Colonel W. RAYMOND LEE,     do.  20th Mass.,
Colonel 0. B. WILCOX,       do.  1st Mich.,
Colonel M. COGSWELL,        do.  42d N. Y.,
Colonel W. E. WOODRUFF,     do.  2d Ky.,
Colonel A. M. WooD,         do.   14th N. Y.,
Colonel CHARLES A. DE VILLIERS,  11th Ohio,
Lieutenant-Colonel S. BOWMAN,


Charleston.
Richmond.
Charleston.
Richmond.
Charleston.
Richmond.
Escaped.
Charleston.


Lieutenant-Colonel G. W. NEFF, do. 2d Ky.,        u
Major PAUL J. REVERE,       do. 20th Mass.,   Richmond.
Major J. D. POTTER,       " do. 38th N. Y. S. V., Charleston.
Captain FRANCIS J. KEIFER,  do. 1st Cal.,     Richmond.
Captain J. McIvoR, Company I, 69th N. Y. S. M.,  New Orleans.
Captain WILLIAM MANSON, Company A, 79th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Captain JOHN MARKOE, Company A, 1st Cal.,      Released.
Captain HUGH McQiADE, 38th Regiment N. Y. S. V.,  Dead.
Captain GEORGE AUSTIN,.Company B, 2d Ky.,     Charleston.
Captain and Q. M. W. D. BOWERS, 1st R. I.,      Alabama.
Captain HENRY BOWMAN, Comp'y C, 15th Mass. (Hostage,) Rich'd.
Captain J. BYNSE, Company J, 6th Ohio,         Alabama.
Captain THOMAS Cox, Company J, 1st Ky.,       Richmond.
Captain J. B. DREW, Company G, 2d Vt.,        Charleston.
Captain DE GOLYER, 1st Mich.,                   Escaped.
Captain JAMES T. FARRISH, Company B, 79th N. Y., Charleston.
Captain R. A. FISH, Company E, 32d N. Y.,         "
Captain WILLIAM FAY, Company B, 25th N. Y.,
Captain J. H. DOWNEY, Company D, 11th N. Y.,      "
Captain G. W. ROCKWOOD, (Hostage,) 15th Mass.,  Richmond.
Captain JOHN W. SPRAGUE, Company E, 7th.Ohio,  Charleston.
Captain SHURTLIFF, Company C, 7th Ohio,           i
Captain SHILLINGLAW, Company J, 79th N. Y.,   Richmond.
Captain J. M. STUDLEY, Company C, 15th Mass.,  Released.
Captain C. S. SIMMONDS, Company B, 15th Mass.,    "
Captain H. B. TODD, Company B, Lincoln Cavalry,   4
Captain REUBEN WILLIAMS, Company E, 12th Ind.,    "
Captain THOMAS WILKENSON, Company J, 5th N. Y.,   "
Captain L. GORDON, Company F, 11th Mass.,     Charleston.
Captain M. GRIFFIN, Company E, 8th N. Y.,         4




APPENDIX.


285


Captain RALPH HlUNT, Company C, 1st Ky.,         Richmond.
Captain G. H. KELLY,                           N. Carolina.
Captain L. HOLMES, Bark Glen.
Captain J. R. HURD, Company F, 2d Ky.,             Escaped.
Surgeon J. H. STEWART, Ist Minn. Vols.
Surgeon Doctor BUXTON, 5th Me. Vols.
Surgeon FOSTER SWIFT, 8th N. Y. S. M.
Surgeon L. H. STONE, U. S. A.                   Charleston.
Assistant Surgeon C. C. GREY, U. S. A.
Assistant Surgeon G. F. FERGUSON, 2d Regiment N. Y. S. M.
Assistant Surgeon JAMES HARRIS, 1st Rhode Island.
Assistant Surgeon E. H. REVERE, 20th Mass.,      Richmond.
Assistant Surgeon R. H. OOODENOUGH, 14th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Assistant Surgeon W. A. FLETCHER, 6th Ind.,          "
Assistant Surgeon S. GRISWOLD, 38th N. Y.,  Charleston-Dead.
Assistaht Surgeon C. W. LE BOUTILLIER, 1st Minn.
Assistant Surgeon C. E. CONNELLY, 2d N. Y.,      Richmond.
Assistant Surgeon ANDREW MCLETCHIE,
Assistant Surgeon J. McGREGOR, 1st Conn.,
Assistant Surgeon W. F. SWALM, 14th N. Y. S. M.,     4
Assistant Surgeon JAMES NORVEL, N. Y.,
Assistant Surgeon Doctor HUGGINS, 5th Maine,
Assistant Surgeon Doctor STERNBURG, 3d Infantry U. S. A.
Assistant Surgeon Doctor DEGRAW, 8th N. Y. S. M.
Assistant Surgeon G. S. WINSTON, 8th N. Y. S. M.
Doctor PENGNEART, 71st N. Y. S. M.
Sergeant Major 9th Zouaves of New York,           Alabama.
First Lieut. S. R. KNIGHT, Company D, 1st 1. I.,     "
First Lieut. G. B. KENNISTON, Company D, 4th Me.,    (
First Lieut. W. E. MERRILL, Engineer Corps, U. S. A., Richmond.
First Lieut. CHARLES MCPHERSON, Company C, 42d N. Y.
First Lieut. S. B. PRESTON, Company F, 1st Mich.,  Alabama.
First Lieut. CHARLES PEARSON, Adjutant 30th Mass.,  Richmond.
First Lieut. GEO. B. PERRi, Company D, 30th Mass.,  Released.
"First Lieut. J. B. GLOVER, Company C, 4th Maine,    i
First Lieut. Jon  GILLMAN, Company C, 6th Ohio,   Alabama.
First Lieut. SAMUEL GIBERSON, Company A, 42d N. Y.,  4"
First Lieut. J. E. GREEN, Company C, 15th Mass.,   * "
First Lieut. WALTER IVES, Company D, 79th N. Y.,     "
First Lieut. I. W. HAT, Quartermaster, 20th Indiana,  "




286


APPENDIX.


First Lieut. CHARLES N. HOOPER, Company H, 1st Cal.,  Rich'd.
First Lieut. W. C. HARRIS, Company H, 1st Cal.,    "
First Lieut. J. F. KENT, Company B, 3d Inft. U. S.,  Charleston.
First Lieut. JoHN BAGLEY, Company E, 69th N. Y.,  Alabama.
First Lieut. W. H. CLARK, Company C, 2d Maine,  Richmond.
First Lieut. ROBT. CAMPBELL, Company K, '9th N. Y.,  "
First Lieut. WM. DICKINSON, Company A, 3d Inft. U. S.,  "
First Lieut. J. H. SKINNER, Company C, 2d Maine,  Alabama.
First Lieut. CHAILES WALTER, Comp'y D, 1st Conn., Charleston.
First Lieut. WILCOx, Company E, 7th Ohio,          "
First Lieut. JOHN WHYTE, Company R, 79th N. Y.,  Released.
Quartermaster C. J. MURPHY, 38th N. Y., 1st Lieut.,  Escaped.
Second Lieut. W. H. RAYNOR, Comp'y G, 1st Ohio,  Escaped.
Second Lieut. HENRY URIAH, Comp'y C, 20th Ind.,  Columbia.
Second Lieut. HENRY VAN VOAST, Comp'y E, 42d N. Y.,  Rich'd.
Second Lieut. H. E. WELSH, Comp'y F, 1st Maine,  N. Orleans.
Second Lieut. G. H. WALLACE, Comp'y B, 42d N. Y.,  Richmond.
Second Lieut. JAS. M. ANDREWS, Comp'y F, 30th N. Y.,  "
Second Lieut. CHAS. H. BURD, Company F, 4th Maine,  "
Second Lieut. WM. BOOTH, Company C, 2d Wis.,,"
Second Lieut. G. H. CALEFF, Company H, 11th Mass., Charleston.
Second Lieut. E. CONNOLY, Company C, 69th N. Y.,   "
Second Lieut. J. M. CHURCH, Company E, 2d R. I.,  Richmond.
Second Lieut. J. H. DEMPSEY, Company H, 2d N. Y., Charleston.
Second Lieut. JAMES FANAN, Company D, 1st Ky.,  Alabama.
Second Lieut. D. S. GORDON, 2d Dragoons, U. S. A.,  Charleston.
Second Lieut. JAMES GANNON, Comp'y G, 69th N. Y.,  Alabama.
Second Lieut. J. H. GREMMAN, Comp'y H, 14th N. Y., Richmond.
Second Lieut. J. B. HUTCHINSON, Comp'y I, 15th Penn., N. Orleans.
Second Lieut. SAMUEL IRWIN, Comp'y A, 2d N. Y.,  Alabama.
Second Lieut. THos. HAMBLIN, Comp'y G, 38th N. Y., Charleston.
Second Lieut. OSCAR HESENGER,                N. Carolina.
Second Lieut. B. F. HANcoCK, Comp'y I, 19th Ind.,  Richmond.
Second Lieut. E. H. HALE, U. S. Navy,           Alabama.
Second Lieut. H. K. HOOPER, Comply K, 15th Mass.,  Richmond.
Second Lieut. S. KITTRIDGE, Comp'y D, 2d Maine,  Alabama.
Second Lieut. W. H. KERNS, Comp'y C, 1st Cal.,  Richmond.
Second Lieut. GEO. W. KENNY, Comp'y C, 1st Cal.,   "
Second Lieut. FRED. MASSLACK,                N. Carolina.
Second Lieut. M. A. PARKS, Comp'y H, 1st Mich.,  Richmond.




APPENDIX.


281


"Second Lieut. F. A. PARKER, Comp'y A, 1st Cal.,  Alabama.
Second Lieut. (Deserted)* CHAS. VON GELSA, CO. B, 1st Regt. Sickles' Brigade.
Second Lieut. (Deserted)* BARRON YoN FLAXENHOUSEN, Company
H, 45th N. Y.
Chaplain J. F. MINES, 2d Maine,                 Richmond.
Chaplain H. EDDY, 2d Conn.,                     Charleston.
Chaplain G. H. DODGE, 11th N. Y.,
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND PRIVATES.
Andrews G. M., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,      Dead.
Anderson G. W., private, Company H, 4th Me.,
Aho A., private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,         N. Orleans.
Agard G. W., private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,        "
Akerman A., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Adams James, private, Company G, 3d U. S.,
Ashelman P., private, Company I, 11th Penn.,
Aborn G. W., sergeant, Company I, 5th Mass.,         '
Andree A., private, Dragoon, 5th Ill.,              i
Allen H., private, Company H, 2d N. H.,
Alberts George, private, Company G, 36th N. Y.,
Arnold E. B., private, Company F, 3d Conn.,
Allen 0. L., private, Company K, 2d N. 1H.,
Adam George,                                   N. Carolina.
Alcock A. 0., sergeant, Company A, 11th N. Y.,  Charleston.
Armstrong H. F., private, Company G, 79th N. Y.,    "
Archer J., jr., private, Company G, 1st Mich.,      "
Arndt J., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,            c
Abbott W. A., mast. mate, schr. Baker,          Richmond.
Adkins J. W., private, Company H, 12th Ohio,        t
Angier Charles, private, Company K, 5th Mass.,
Andrews J., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,      Columbia.
Allen 0. L., private, Company K, 2d N. H.,          "
Anderson John F., private, Company F, 2d Wis.,      "
Aldrich D. B., private, Company F, 13th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Aplin William, private, Company H, 27th N. Y.,      "
* Now in the Confederate Service.




288


APPENDIX.


Abbott Albert, citizen, Virginia,               Richmond.
Adams R., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,           "
Adams Lyman, private, Company E, 2d Mass.,          t
Alexander James, private, Company E, 2d Mass.,      "
Albrecht John, sailor, ship Jarvis,
Allerman F., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,          "
Albee H. C., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,        "
Andrews John H., private, Company H, 20th Indiana,  Columbia.
Ashley Rufus, sailor, U. S. N.,                 Richmond.
Anderson C; W., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,  Columbia.
Aubry G. W., citizen, Virginia,                 Richmond.
Ault H., citizen, Virginia,                         4
Adams R. C., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,         (
Arokland George, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,       t
Ashmore Joseph, private, Company G, 1st Cal.,       9
Armstrong, J.. F., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,    9
Ashbore Theodore, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,     "
Archerd C. F., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,        9
Alger W., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,           "
Andrews W. H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,     (4
Atgood L. S., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,       4
Adams C. H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,        4
Amidon W. H., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,       4
Ackerdy John, private, Company E, 15th Mass.,       4
Adams W. L., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,        "
Adams H. 0., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,        "
Aiken Alexander, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,    "
Allen F. S., private, Company G, 20th Mass.,        c
Armstrong Thomas, sergeant, Company H, 20th Mass.,  (
Alley J. H., sergeant, Company H, 20th Mass.,       "
Alley M., sergeant, Company H, 20th Mass.,          4
Allbright H., sergeant, Company H, 20th Mass.,      9
Aborn W., private, Company D, 2d R. I.,             c
Anderson J. W.,. private, Company G, 2d Wis.,       (
Adler Colonel, Floyd's Brigade, treason,       County Jail.
Athwood George, private, Company D, 2d R. I.,   Richmond.
Alderson John, private, Company K, 1st Maine,       9
Ashley George, private, Company I, 2d N. Y.,        C
Armstrong S., citizen, Fayette Co., Va.,            66




APPENDIX.


289


Armstrong Thomas, citizen, Fayette Co., Va.,    Richmond.
Artegan L., private, Company C, 30th. Y.,         "
Bradley John, private, 14th N. Y.,                  Dead.
Bate Benj. J., Engineer Corps, 69th N. Y.,
Brown A. H., corporal, Company G, 3d Me.,             <
Bailey A. B., private, Company G, 2d N. H.,
Buck N. C., corporal, 10th Company, 79th N. Y.,       (
Brooks David S., private, Company K, 2d N. H.,        "
Brown Thomas, private, Company A, 69th N. Y.,  N. Orleans.
Blake Pat., private, Company C, 69th N. Y.,         "
Blauvelt Jacob, private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,        c
Beard George W., private, 1st Company, 12th Ohio,   <
Basine Chas., private, 1st Company, 7th Ohio,       "
Burns J. M., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,          "
Brookins Thomas, private, Company E, 2d N. Y.,
Brown Thomas, nuise, Company A, 1st Minnesota,;
Bliss G. W., private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,
Blyderburgh G. W., private, Company B, 14th N. Y.,  "
Bates W. C., private, Company G, 5th Mass.,         
Briggs H. F., private, Company D, 5th Mass.,        "
Buzzell H., hospital steward, 5th Maine,            (
Barnes W., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,
Butler G., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,
Burdin C. H., private, Company I, 3d Maine,         u
Burroughs C., private, Company A, 7th Ohio,         <
Bartlett W. F., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,       <
Bask John, private, Company E, 7th Ohio,
Blackesley L. M., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,
Biggs W., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,             "
Butler J., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,            "
Bodel F., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,             "
Burt Thomas, private, Company A, 7th Ohio,
Bandle George, private, Company A, 7th Ohio,
Boles L., private, Company G, 7th Ohio,             (
Beel S., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,              (
Bixbee H., corporal, Company H, 1st N. J.,
Barger W. J., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Baird W. D., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,        "
Burns J. 0., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,        "
13




290


APPENDIX.


Bedlyon A., private, Company J, 15th Penn.,   N. Orleans.
Barry J. H., private, Company J, 2d N. H.,         "
Barry W., private, Company A, Cav. U. S.,          "
Burritt J., private, Company K, Art. U. S.,        "
Burmingham W., private, Company G, 8th U. S.,,
Brady John, private, Company A, 79th N. Y.,        "
Brown H., private, Company E, 2d Art. U. S.,       4
Brown C., private, Company E, 2d Art. U. S.,       (
Burnham A. W., private, Company E, 2d Art. U. S.,  "
Bunch H. C., private, Company K, Dragoons U. S.,   i
Bronson A. E., private, Company I, 3d Conn.,       "
Blue C. S., private, Company A, 3d Conn.,          "
Buchanan A., private, Company H, 3d U. S.,         "
Burke P., private, Company H, 3d U.' S.,           "
Barker Thos. E., corporal, Company B, 2d N. H.,    "
Barker J. H., private, Company G, 2d N. H., '
Bowers A. C., corporal, Company B, 38th N. Y.,     "
Boutwell George, private, Company K, 38th N. Y.,   "
Beckler F., private, Company C, 2d Wis.,           "
Beers R., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,            "
Bersett Charles, corporal, Company I, 7th Ohio,    (t
Bohm Ed., sergeant, Company K, 7th Ohio,           i
Boyle Daniel, private, Company B, 7th Ohio,        "
Beckleman J., private, Company F, 1st Ky.,         "
Barry C. W., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,       t
Birch Joseph, private, Company E, 11th Mass.,      "
Blakesly R. W., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,      "
Blatt Fred., private, Company --  -
Bryant A., private, Company K, 5th Maine,          <
Brown F., private, Company K, 5th Maine,           "
Burley Josiah, private, Company C, 2d N. H.,      Home.
Barry T., private, Company I, 11th N. Y.,     Charleston.
Butler J. T., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,      "
Bragdon W., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,        (
Beaumont John, private, 10th Company, 79th N. Y.,  (
Bishop E. A., private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,
Briody Richard, private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,. t
Burne Charles S., private, 3d Company, 79th N. Y.,  Home.
Butler Joseph, private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,     "




APPENDIX.


291


Bold R., private, Company B, 14th N. Y.,   New Fairground.
Beilby G. W., private, Company C, 13th N. Y.,   Richmond.
Backer J. N., private, Company G, 1st Mich.,    Charleston.
Backer G. W., private, Company H, 1st Mich.,        "
Backer M., private, Company H, 1st Mich.,
Blanchard H., private, Company K, 1st Mich.,
Badgely J., private, Company B, 1st Mich.,
Brink H., private, Company F, 1st Mich.,
Bolio F. T., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,          '
Brown N., private, Company H, 1st Minn.,            Home.
Butler John, private, Company C, 2d U. S.,          "
Bickford E. C., sergeant, Company I, 2d Maine,   Alabama.
Bickford R. G., private, Company F, 4th Maine,  Richmond.
Baxter H. N., Q. M., U. S. N.,
Brennan Michael, corporal, Company G, 69th N. Y.,   c
Blaisdell H. M., private, Company H, 4th Maine,     "
Brown J. H., private, Company J, 69th N. Y.,         (
Burness H., private, Company E, 25th Ohio,
Bloch John, private, Company I, 1st Ky.,
Brickmail Fred., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Bradshaw A., sergeant, Company G, 11th Mass.,
Bowers J., private, Company E, 2d U. S.,
Babcock C., private, Company K, 5th Mass.,
Brooks J., private, Light Batt., 3d R. I.,
Bessee L. A., private, Company D, 2d R. I.,
Beck G. A., private, Company H, 2d Wis.,
Bolton J., private, Company B, 2d Vt.,           Columbia.
Blanchard D., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,   Richmond.
Bishop W. G., private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,        "
Blonk B. L., sergeant, Company A, 8th N. Y.,        c
Barns J. J., corporal, Company F, 1st Mich.,         (
Blondel E. P., corporal, Company F, 1st Mich.,      "
Benedict A. L., private, Company I, 3d Conn.,        (
Bigelow A., private, Company G, 1st Conn.,          "
Braman'W. R., private, Company K, 3d U. S.,         <
Bradford Wm., private, Company D, U. S. M.,          t
Blackman H. P., private, Company G, 13th N. Y.,     (
Bolton George A., private, Company E, 69th N.Y.,    (
Burns John, private, Company A, 7th Ohio,      N. Orleans.




292


APPENDIX.


Barrett J., private, Company A, 7th Ohio,        Richmond.
Black William, private, Company H, 79th N. Y.,   Columbia.
Brown Charles, private, Company I, 13th Ind.,    Richmond.
Bauer Jacob, private, Company I, 13th Ind.,          "
Bruner Adolph, private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Buddenbone H., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,         "
Bruner G., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Brahm T., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,              "
Boyer M., private, Company I, 13th Ind.,
Butterfield A. S., private, Company I, 13th Ind.,    9
Ballard Albert D., private, Company H, 3d Maine,     i
Burr S., private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,             "
Black H., private, Company G, 2d Me.,                "
Banks J., private, Company G, 2d Me.,                4
Bennet G. W., private, Company I, 14th N. Y.,        9
Burgdorf H., private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,         c
Bitka C., private, Company H, 1st Minn.,             "
Bowen A. M., private, Company A, 1st R. I.,
Barnes D. W., private, Company B, 1st R. I.,
Bailey J. A., private, Company G, 2d Maine,          "
Beames F. J., private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,        "
Brown F. A., private, Company A, 1st Minn.,         4
Becker William, private, Company A, 1st Maine,      4
Brissett Ed., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,        4
Blaney Augustus, private, Company I, Batt. Mass.,   1
Ballard L., private, Company H, 5th Maine,           "
Bell John, sailor, United S. Navy,                  i
Bailey James, sailor, United S. Navy,               i
Burns R., nurse, Company B, 2d Wis.,                 "
Bean A., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,                "
Breme F., private, Company I, 2d Wis.,               "
Boyden J., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,           "
Briggs T. I., private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,        "
Boyd H. P., private, Company IT, 27th N. Y.,         "
Breckenreed H. L., private, Company B, 2d Vt.,       "
Bourman J. B., citizen, Virginia,
Benson Albt., private, Company A, 4th Mich.,         "
Brokins C. R., private, Company G, 4th Maine,
Barrett John, private, Company A, U. S. M.,




APPENDIX.


293


Breese W. H., private, Company I, 38th N. Y.,   Richmond.
Ballentine J., private, Company F, 13th N. Y.,
Brown J. J., private, Company D, 13th N. Y.,
Brener H., private, Company F, 1st Mich.,
Bashford A. P., private, Company F, 1st R. I.,
Beeny G., private, Company F, 8th N. Y.,
Bailey F., private, Company I, 2d N.Y.,
Biggs W., private, Company H, 27th N. Y.,
Beelman George, private, Company H, 2d N. Y.,
Barrow J., corporal, Company F, 1st Minn.,
Barry J., private, Company K, 2d R. I.,
Bell J. S., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,
Baldwin W. H., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,
Bean Charles, private, Company C, 2d R. I.,
Bradford Alton, corporal, Company H, 2d R. L,
Best E. S., private, Company G, 2d Wis.,
Baldwin O. S., private, Company G, 13th N. Y.,
Burt J. B., corporal, Company C, 2d R. I.,
Brown Alex., citizen, Virginia,
Brown John, citizen, Virginia,
Brown Thomas, citizen, Virginia,
Brotherton W. I., citizen, Penn.,
Bishop D., citizen, Va.,
Baird James, private, Company I, 13th N. Y.
Buchanan R., citizen, Virginia,
Beetman Benj., citizen, Virginia,
Beetman Adam, citizen, Virginia,
Beetman John, citizen, Virginia,
Beetman William, citizen, Virginia,
Bond:Benj., citizen, Virginia,
Burgdall John, citizen, Virginia,
Birch E., citizen, Virginia,
Beith James, private, Company I, 9th N. Y.,      Columbia.
Bartlett T. M., sergeant, Company I, 20th Indiana,  Richmond.
Baum N., private, Company I, 20th Indiana,           9
Bernhard Paul, private Company I, 20th Indiana,
Brady Nathan., cook, Company D, 20th Indiana,
Birrenger John, private, Company I, 20th Indiana,
Barnes William, sailor, Schooner Orion, U. S. N.,




294


APPENDIX.


Bennett L. L., private, Company H, 20th Indiana,  Richmond.
Bowers J. W., private, Company F, 71st N. Y.,    Columbia.
Bryan Christ., private, Company C, 13th Ohio,        44
Brossy Lewis, private, Company A, 11th N. Y.,        "
Brewster James, private, Company D, 13th N. Y.,      "
Bowers G. H., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Barnes J. C., private, Company F, 2d R.I.,           "
Barrett Levi, private, Company A, 27th N. Y.,    Columbia.
Burns Robt., private, Company K, 79th N. Y.,         "
Backer Richd., private, Company B, 11th N. Y.,       "
Barrett Daniel, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,   Richmond.
Bilrns Pat, private, Company G, 1st Cal.,
Baxter John, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,         6
Bretton George, private, Company E, 20th Mass.,
Barker J. S., private, Company I, 20th Mass.,
Barry Edward, private, Company G, 20th Mass.,        (
Brower, W. H. H., private, Company F, 20th Mass.,
Bemis Charles H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,    t
Bemis H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,            <
Baker C., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,             t
Bryne W., corporal, Company K, 42d N. Y.,            "
Brawnon M., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
Bauer August., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,
Byron J., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,
Brown G. A., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,           u
Brown C. K., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,           "
Bendel J., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,             (
Burroughs J., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Brett E., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,.
Batt W., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,                )ied.
Blair John, private, Company H, 1st Cal.,       Richmond.
Bradley W., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,            (
Boyer Noah, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Backer G. W., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Brawchett J. B., private, Company N,lst Cal.,
Barnes A. M., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Brown G. L., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Bennett S. E., corporal, Company P, 1st Cal.,        u
Black John, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,           <




APPENDIX.


295


Bell John, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,        Richmond.
Benzy C. B., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,        4
Brandt C. W., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,,
Burham W. H., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,       a
Burns J. B., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,        t
Brigham J. D., corporal, Company C, 15th Mass.,     "
Bonny J. A., corporal, Company C, 15th Mass.,       (
Beaman Moses, private, Company C, 15th Mass.,       "
Burtlett C. H., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,     4
Belcher W. A., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,      "
Belcher J. H., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,
Blackmers S. H., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,    "
Bannister T. H., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,
Bonner S., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,          "
Ball L. D., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Bosworth W. M., private, Company J, 15th Mass.,
Butler Henry, private, Company J, 15th Mass.,       "
Ballow P., private, Company J, 15th Mass.,
Brown A., private, Company A, 20th Mass.,
Barlow E. T., private, Company F, 4th Maine,        "
Bond Edwin, private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,
Beal George, private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,      "
Brown Joshua, private, 2d R. I. Batt.,              "
Brennan Pat., private, Company D, 69th N. Y.,       "
Brown R., sergeant, Company B, 11th N. Y.,          "
Banker Jos., private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,      "
Blakely John, private, Company F, 11th Mass.,
Browning J. W., private, Company G, 18th N. Y.,     "
BrinkerhoffJohn, private, Company C, 1st Mich.,
Brink M., private, Company D, 79th N. Y.,
Brown W. 0., teamster, 2d Vt.,
Bishop John W., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,
Barton George W., private, Company C, 2d Maine,
Butt George W., citizen, Virginia,             N. Orleans.
Buchanon R., citizen, Virginia,                     " c
Brown H., private, Company E, 30th N. Y.,       Richmond.
Beckman Michl., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,          4
Bays Isaac, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,              "
Bayliss George, citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,          "




296


APPENDIX.


Briggs L., private, Company B, 26th N. Y.,
Cobb J. N., private, 2d R. I.,
Campbell J. A., private, 14th N. Y.,
Chase Chas. H., private, 2d N. H.,
Clewlay G. M., private, Company G, 2d Maine,
Cassidy D. M., private, Company K, 69th N. Y.,
Costigan J., private, Company D, 69th N. Y.,
Conner S., private, Company G, 69th N. Y.,
Coles Ed., private, Company A, 71st N. Y.,
Chapman C. J., private, Company B, 1st Mich.,
Colley Charles, sergeant, Company A, 14th N. Y.,
Carrigan A. J., private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Conway J., private, Company E, 13th N. Y.,
Chields G. F., private, Company K, 5th Mass.,
Cate S. A., private, Company D, 5th Mass.,
Chapman R., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Cleaves A. G., private, Company H, 2d Maine,
Carroll Charles, private, Company D, 7th Ohio,
Curtis J. F., private, Company G, 7th Ohio,
Cherry W., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,
Claghorn H. D., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Clifford D., private, Company C, 2d U. S.,
Craff J. E., private, Company A, 11th Mass.,
Clark F. D., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,
Conoham M., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Carver W., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Clink Fred., private, Company I, 15th Penn,
Cunningham G. W., private, Company H, 4th Maine,
Casserly F., private, Company G, 38th N. Y
Cook IL A., private, Company D, U. S. M.,
Cannon M., private, Company C, U. S. M.,
Clark Henry, private, Company C, U. S. M.,
Carby L., private, Company F, 27th N. Y.,
Cassidy Joseph, private, Company C, 3d Cav. U. S.,
Cooper S. A., private, Company F, 2d Conn.,
Cole S. M., corporal, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Carroll Charles, private, Company I, 1st Md.,
Chase E. H., sergeant,
Caustin M. C.,


Richmond.
Dead.
N. Orleans.
96
cc
It
cc




APPENDIX.


297


Clark E. L., private, Company G, 5th Maine,     Charleston.
Carmody A. F., nurse, Company B, 11th N. Y.,
Connely Pat., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,
Carroll Thomas, private, Company K, 11th N. Y.,
Campbell John, sergeant, Company F, 11th N. Y.,   Home.
Cradick A., ord. sergeant, 4th Company, 79th N. Y., Charleston.
Collins Jeremiah, private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y
Connelly W. H., sergeant, 3d Company, 2d N. Y.,   Home.
Craig A., private, Company G, 4th Mich.,        Charleston.
Cross E. A., private, Company G, 4th Mich.,         "
Cornoval E., citizen, Virginia,                   Home.
Clark R. N., citizen, Florida,
Chevalier Ed., private, Company I, 38th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Colbath L. W., private, Company E, 2d N. H.,
Caravin M., private, Company I, 12th Ohio,
Coleman M., private, Company D, 69th N. Y.,         4
Calvert G., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,            4
Conklin W. H., private, Company I, 1st Ky.,         4
Clifford J., private, (Confederate,) 27th Va., deserter,  4
Cunningham R., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,
Cavanaugh J., corporal, Company D, 13th N. Y.,
Conro H. W., private, Company G, 2d N. Y.,
Clague J. T., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,        c
Conant M., private, Company F, 11th Mass.,          4
Clase Ed., private, Company I, 88th N. Y.,          "
Conner D., private, Company G, 3d Conn.,            "
Conell John, private, Company K, 2d U. S.,
Cooper Thomas, citizen, D. C.,
Cook P., private, Company I, 11th N. Y.,            "
Coombe C. C., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,
Clay George, private, Company B, 2d N. H.,          6
Callingham Michl., private, Company G, 8th Inf. U. S.,  t
Carroll J. W., private, Company B, 3d Inf. U. S.,
Coon James, private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,         4
Clark F. L., private, Company G, 11th Mass.,
Crossley Augustus, private, Company G, 3d Maine,
Crossley Atwood, private, Company G, 3d Maine,      4
Colshear Thomas, private, Company I, 13th Indiana,
Carson James, private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
18*




298


APPENDIX.


Coy John private, Company F, 2d Maine,          Richmond.
Corning H. V., private, Company F, 2d Mass.,         "
Clark Charles J., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,     "
Cook George W., citizen, Virginia,
Closer J., private, Company H, 1st Minn.,
Connelly Wm., private, Company H, 1st Minn.,
Connell J. R., citizen, Virginia,                    "
Cobb Calvin, sailor, U. S. N.,                       "
Clapp E. P., sailor, U. S. N.,
Chamberlain, private, Company A, 27th N. Y.,         "
Carroll A. H., private, Company B, 27th N. Y.,
Crosier A., private, Company B, 18th N. Y.,
Crigean John, private, Company G, 2d N. Y.,          "
Copley Alfred, private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,       "
Coburn J. A., private, Company K, 38th N. Y.,
Crymble Stephen, private, Company G, 79th N. Y.,     "
Campbell Alexander, private, West Pt. Batt. U. S.,   t
Cumesky J. W., corporal, Color Guard, 11th N. Y.,   4
Carroll James, private, Company I, 2d Maine,
Conoly John, private, Company D, 5th Maine,          "
Crandle J., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,
Crossley Wm., private, Company C, 2d R. I.,         "
Clark John, private, Company B, 1st R. I.,           "
Conrad L., citizen, Virginia,
Cabbage B., citizen, Virginia,                       "
Cabbage G., citizen, Virginia,                      "
Connell W., citizen, Virginia,
Clark J., citizen, D. C.,                            "
Clark Wm., private, Company K, 3d N. J., (deserter,) Co. Jail, Rich.
Corron J. M., citizen, Virginia,                Richmond.
Conwell Wm., citizen, Virginia,                     "
Cook Floyd, citizen, Virginia,                      4
Cox John, citizen, Virginia,                        "
Coughman Nerill, citizen, Virginia,                 "
Cunningham W. H., private, Company C, 69th N. Y.,  Columbia.
Carson John, private, Company I, 69th N. Y.,        "
Clarke G. W., private, Company C, 20th Indiana,
Casper Michl., private, Company K, 20th Indiana,  Richmond.
Comigore John, private, Company F, 20th Indiana,  Columbia.




APPENDIX.


299


Chaffer Joseph, cook, Company I, 20th Indiana,   Columbia.
Comley Charles H., sergeant-major, 20th Indiana,  Richmond.
Clayton James, private, Company H, 20th Indiana,  Columbia.
Coughlin Dennis, sailor, U. S. N.,
Carr Thomas C, private, Company C, 16th Va.,         "
Cannon Dennis, private, Company C, 4th Maine,   Richmond.
Calhoun J. C., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,        "
Cahill Pat., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,          "
Cannyar C. B., private, Company H,1lst California,  "
Cogans James, sergeant, Company D, 20th Mass.,       "
Christaly Charles, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,  t
Chanery J. P., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,      b'
Corrin R. E., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,       t
Coyle Pat., private, Company N, 15th Mass.,         c
Cobin Otis, private, Company E, 15th Mass.,         "
Conroy Thomas, private, Company E, 15th Mass.,      "
Crawford Robt., sergeant, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Carnall Charles, private, Company B, 3d R..,
Craig John, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Church W., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Campbell F., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Crosier A., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Cunningham M., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,       4
Collins M., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,          t
Carney T., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,            "
Callager D., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
Cleary Ed., private, Company A, 42d N. Y.,
Cox W. H., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Carson J. W., private, Company A., 1st Cal.,
Carson Thomas, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Clemant M., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Cochrane G. W., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Carpenter F. W., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Carpenter E. G., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Collough W., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Chapman J. M., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Cramer Anthony, private, Company C, 1st Cal.,        A
Chields J., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Cheeseman C. E., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,      4




300


APPENDIX.


Clear W. H., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,      Richmond.
Cline J. F., sergeant, Company N, 1st Cal.,          "
Calloway E. L., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Clopp J. E., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Clymer W., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,             "
Coltigan H., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Curtis Stephen, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Chapman A., private, Cavalry, 1st Penn.,
Cook W. A., orderly sergeant, Company C, 15th Mass.,  "
Cooper R. K., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Cobb Daniel, private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Conroy W., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Carwell C. L., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Clancy John, private, Company H, 15th Mass.,
Converse W. F., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,      '
Cummings L. H., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,      t
Cassidy Thomas, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Clapp H. H., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Curtis Charles J, corporal, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Chapman Thos., private, Company G, 20th Mass.,
Chase E. D., private, Company G, 20th Mass.,
Clark James, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Corbett John W., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Colagin H. A., private, Company F, 4th Maine,
Curtis Andrew, jr., private, Company C, 2d Wis.,
Carson N. A., private, Company F, 27th N. Y.,
Crandel Dennis, private, Company H, 1st Minn.,
Clark J. N., private, Company H, 11th Mass., '
Clark W. H., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,
Clune John, private, Company G, 8th N. Y.,
Cannon J., private, Company I, 1st Minn.,           (
Christian L., private, Company I, 1st Art. U. S.,   "
Carslile James, private, Company B, 79th N. Y.,   Dead.
Chandler Samuel E., private, Company H, 5th Mass., Richmond.
Colgan James, private, 10th Company, 79th N. Y.,    "
Cotter J., Engineer Corps, 69th N. Y.,          N. Orleans.
Carr Tim., Engineer Corps, Company C, 69th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Cleary M., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,            "
Cunningham J., private, Company G, 8th Inft. U.  S., Dead.




APPENDIX.


301


Corell E. C., private, Company G, 5th Maine,   N. Orleans.
Cummings P., private, Company E, 30th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Case G. A., private, Company E, 30th N. Y.,         "
Coombs Lewis, citizen, Rolla Co., Ya.,
Coombs Jerry, citizen, Rolla Co., Ya.,
Clay G., citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,
Clay Charles, citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,
Cauntley George, citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,
Clay R., citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,                   "
Cooney Pat., corporal, Company F, 30th N. Y.,       "
Conner D., private, Company E, 30th N. Y.,
Clark C. T., private, Company A, 1st Minn.,         "
Chapman Charles L., Sec., Company B, 7th Ohio,
Durand Charles, private, Company K, 12th N. Y.,   Dead.
Duffee J. D., private, Company K, 1st Minn.,
Dietz Jacob, private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,
Disney George M., private, Company I, 69th N. Y.,  N. Orleans.
Duffee A., private, Company I, 69th N. Y.,
Dunbar F., private, Company G, 69th N. Y.,
Donalson George, corporal, Company G, 69th N. Y.,
Drew C. C., sergeant, Company B, 3d Maine,
Delano H., private, Company F, 4th Maine,
Dickens J. W., private, Company E, 71st N. Y.,
Davis E. M., sergeant, Company C, 27th N. Y.,
Dorr C. W., private, Company F, 11th Mass.,
Donalson J. E., private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,
Downing G. W., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,
Dodge A., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,
Dupes J., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Day Samuel, private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Dow D. W., private, Company I, 5th Mass.,
Dietrick J., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Desmond W., private, Company E, 2d U. S.,      N. Orleans.
Dillon J., private, Company D, 2d U. S.,            "
Donahue M., private, Company D, 38th N. Y.,         4
Davis J., private, Company C, 2d N. H.,             "
Dow G. W., private, Company F, 2d N. H.,
Donovan F., private, Company E, 11th Mass.,         "
Davis James, private, Company C, 2d Maine,          "




302


APPENDIX.


Davis William, citizen, Virginia,              N. Orleans.
Diggen Michael, private, Company A, 11th Mass.,
Dougherty D., private, Company G, 9th Ohio,     Columbia.
Demott C. W., sergeant, Company I, 20th Indiana,
Dangerfield W. H., corporal, Company A, 20th Indiana,  "
Drury John, private, Company I, 20th Indiana,
Decker J. R., private, Company K, 11th N. Y.,
Dunn Crawford, corporal, Company H, 5th Maine,   Home.
Davis A. W., private, 5th Company, 79th N. Y.,  Charleston.
Dale Walter, private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Demerast W. P., private, Company F, 71st N. Y.,  Home.
Dubois A., private, Company D, 1st Mich.,      Charleston.
Drury G. D., private, Company C, 1st Mich.,         "
Dane J. H., citizen, Virginia,                   Home.
Dane G., citizen, Virginia,
Donohue 0., private, Company F, 69th N. Y.,     Richmond.
De Witt W. W., private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,      i
De Goy John, private, Company E, 2d infantry U. S.,
Dick D. S., corporal, Company D, 1st Ky.,
Desmond M., private, Company G, 1st Mass.,          c
Dalton F., private, Company F, 69th N. Y.,
Donnelly John, private, Company G, 69th N. Y.,
Dunnigan H. F., private, Company H, 38th N. Y.,
Dexter Frank, sergeant, Company A, 2d Wis.,
Donohue James, private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,      (
Dugan F. M., private, Company K, 12th Ohio,
Donovan John, private, Company B, 2d Wis.,          "
Drehr Joseph, private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Dakin W., private, Company B, 14th N. Y.,
Duff Samuel C., corporal, Company C, 1st Ky.,
Degraff J. H., private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,
Duffee William, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Divinger G. W., private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,
Davenport Charles E., private, Company E, 14th N. Y.,
Dooley W. H. H., private, Company A, 1st Minn.,
Deveraux W. J., private, Company K, 2d Maine,
Dillingham A., private, Company B, 2d Maine,
Dunn R., private, Company I, 69th N. Y.,
Dwelly G. W., private, Company I, 4th Maine,




APPENDIX.


303


Darby Fred., private, Company D, 12th N. Y.,   Richmond.
Dilly G. W., private, Company I, 2d Wis.,          "
Dwinnell Chas. A., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,  "
Durand Fred., private, Company C, 21st N. Y.,
Denham Thomas, sergeant, 2d Company, 79th N. Y.,   "
Degan Ed., private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,
Daisey Thomas, private, Company G, 71st N. Y.,
Dolley W. A., citizen, Virginia,
Dean H., citizen, Virginia,
Donnigan T., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,        t
Dougherty J. H., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Dobbins Thomas, sergeant, Company E, 42d N. Y.,    "
Dunham William, private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,
Dugan Thomas, private, Company A, 42d N. Y.,
Doran M., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,
Dolan B. T., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,
Dougherty G. W., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Dunlevy Henry, private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Donalson F. A., orderly-sergeant, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Dougherty Charles, private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Dunfield C. T., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,      "
Daulin D., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Dilman S., private, Company A, 42d N. Y.,          "
Donivan Michael, private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,
Diggeman William, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,   "
Dougherty Henry, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,.
Devine James, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Donnison Thomas, private, Company A., 20th Mass.,
Dunn Lewis, private, Company A, 20th Mass.,
Day John, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Devall John H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Donnelly Arthur, private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Daniel T., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,     Richmond.
Dauson H., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Dockham Thos. M., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Davis U. N., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Duffee James, private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Davis G. B., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,       4
Dillam C. M., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,      "




304


APPENDIX.


Deane C. A., corporal, Company F, 15th Mass.,   Richmond.
Davis Charles, corporal, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Dugan M., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Duffin Richard, private, Company D, 20th. Mass.,
Dupie T. N., private, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Durry H. A., sergeant, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Davis George, corporal, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Dougherty Pat., private, Company E, 20th Mass.,
Duffee U., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Donelly James, private, Company A, 1st N. J.,
Dillon M. J., private, Company H, 13th N. Y.,        "
Davidson Rob., private, Company I, 79th N. Y.,       "
Dunne P. R., private engineer corps, 69th N. Y.,     "
Demarest Charles, private, Company A, 27th N. Y.,  Alabama.
Dunn John, private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,      Richmond.
Duncanson R., private, Company H, U. S. N.,
Denny James, private, Company H, 8th N. Y.,          "
Dowling M., private, Company F, 38th N. Y.,
Duke J. H., citizen, Virginia,
Dunn J. W., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,     N. Orleans.
Dills John, citizen, Kentucky,                  Richmond.
Dickens John, citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,
Dickens William, citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,            "
Deihl Henry, private, Company K, De Kalb Regt., N. Y.  "
Dutton James, private, Boon Rifles, Alabama, deserter,  "
Dentey Samuel, citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,            "
Dickey J. C., private, Company F, 12th Indiana,      "
Douthel John, citizen, Virginia,
Douthel William, citizen, Virginia,                  "
Dunkel James, private, Company A, 9th Virginia,
Eraus C. H., private, Company E, 3d U. S.,         Died.
Earle Robt., private, Company A, 4th N. Y.,     N. Orleans.
Earnest C., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,          "
Egern J., private, Company B, 16th N. Y.,
Edwards J. H., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,       "
Eraus E., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,              "
Edward G., corporal, Company G, 9th N. Y.,       Columbia.
Edsall W. H., private, Company G, 9th N. Y.,         "
Everett R., private, 4th Company, 79th N. Y.,




APPENDIX.


305


Enris John, private, 5th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Eivers Charles, private, Company F, 1st Mich.,
Edwards J. M., sergeant, Company K, 1st Mich.,
Eyster, J. A., citizen, Va.,
Ely Alfred, citizen, Rochester, N. Y.,
Encking J. P., private, Company E, 3d Wis.,
Emerson J. C., waiter, Company B, 2d N. H.,
Erne John, private, Company H, 24th Ohio,
Emmerson George,
Edgar W. K., private, Company G, 11th Mass.,
Egenolf P., citizen, N. Y.,
Emmerson T. A., private, Company C, 2d N. H.,
Edes W., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,
Ellis P. C., private, Company I, 1st Minn.,
Eaton, G. S., private, Company K, 1st Minn.,
Ellis W., private, Company A, 4th Maine.,
Emory R., private, Company D, 2d Maine.,
Evarson O. G., private, Company K, 2d Wis.,
Eldridge J., private, Company B, 13th N. Y.,
Eagan H. W., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,
Emmerson H. H., private, Company D, 2d N. H.,
Eastman M., private, Company I, 2d N. H.,
Eades Stephen, citizen, Va.,
Early W., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
Emerick D., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Ellis G. W., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Eagon Mich., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Earl Anthony, private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Eagerly H., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Ellis R. A., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Eaton C. G., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Emmerson W. H., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Eickenstein, sergeant, Company E, 20th Mass.,
Emery Levi, private, Company I, 1st Minn.,
Edgar J. M., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Edgar John E., citizen, Va.,
Edmonson H., sergeant, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Elms Clarence, private, Company F, 30th N. Y.,
Eachus Henry, private, Company A, 9th Va.,


Charleston.
66
Alabama.
N. Carolina.
Richmond.
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64
64
64
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tc
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"(
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306


APPENDIX.


Eggers J., private, Company A, 9th Va.,          Richmond.
Earles David, private, Company A, 9th Va.,           "
Farmer A. E., private, 11th Mass.,                   Dead.
Faucett Wm., corporal, Company B, 69th N. Y.,   N. Orleans.
Foss A. B., private, Company G, 3d Maine,            "
French James, private, Company F, 11th Mass.,        "
Foss M., private, Company H, 3d Maine,               "
Fox Z., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,                "
Finch J. W., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,           "
Finzy A., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Friedenberg N., private, Company I, 7th Ohio,
Farmer P., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,           "
Flemming Thomas, corporal, Company B, 16th Penn.,    "
Fitts John L., private, Company B, 2d N. H.,
Finley D., sailor, U. S. N.,
Fannigan F., private, Company C, 11th Mass.,         "
Foley Edward, private, Company C, U. S. M.,
Flostroy Alfred, private, Company F, 11th Mass.,  Columbia.
Farley James, private, Company F, 2d Ky.,            "
Farland C. O., private, Company B, 4th Maine,        Home.
Ferguson, hos. steward, Company I, 11th N. Y.,  Charleston.
Finn Pat., private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,           Home.
Flemming W. H., private, Company K, 1st Mich.,  Charleston.
Farras N. M., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,         "
Fesh William,                                  N. Carolina.
Flagler A., citizen, Va.,                        Richmond.
Foley 0., nurse, Company A, 2d N. Y.,                "
Farley L., private, Company H, 2d N. Y.,
Fitzgerald Michael, private, Company D, 1st Ky.,  Alabama.
Field Edward, private, Company G, Mass.,             "
Folger G. W., private, Company C, 2d Maine,      Richmond,
Fosdick Greenfield, private, Company A, 11th N. Y.,
Foster Edward, private, Company C, 11th Mass.,
Forbes Frank, private, Company I, 4th Maine,         "
Frames James, private, Company B, 2d Wis.,
Fairfield Charles, private, Company D, 88th N. Y.,   "
Francis Andrew, private, Company I, 13th Indiana,    "
Fisher Charles, private, Company I, 13th Indiana, N. Fairground.
Finley R. F., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,      Richmond.




APPENDIX.


307


Fallbush C., corporal, Company I, 6th Ohio,       Richmond.
Fravi H., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Farrell D., private, Company A, 37th N. Y.,
Fanistal W. A., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Faney S. E., private, Company E, 2d Maine,
Frasier B., private, Company G, 2d Maine,
Flaning F., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,
Flarity P., private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,
Flinn R., Engineer Corps, 69th N. Y.,
Fox B., sailor, U. S. N.,
Fox D. B., sailor, U. S. N.,
Fowler J. C., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,
Foster Edward, private, Company E, 5th Mass.,
Foulding Wm.,-private, Company F, 38th N. Y.,
Farmer G. W., private, Company I, 2d N. J.,
Fox William, citizen, Virginia,
Fox George, citizen, Virginia,
Flannigan R. A., citizen, Virginia,
Flood E., private, Company A, 42d N. Y.,
Flattery Pat., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,
Fisher John, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,            (
Fleck R. I., sergeant, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Ford Edward, private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Frank Henry, corporal, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Frye S. F., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Fox William, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Fairbanks A. W., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Ford Henry, private, Company K, 15th Mass.,
Frost S. M., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Fagin Felix, sergeant, Company C, 15th Mass.,         (
Fuller H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Ford W. H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Freeman W. H., sergeant, Company K, 15th Mass.,
Fitzsimmons A., private Company K, 15th.Mass.,
Farrar D., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,
Fuller A., sergeant, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Fellows J. C., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Fipps L., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Foster A. H., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,




308


APPENDIX.


Flossom J., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,       Richmond.
Farley Daniel, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,        6
Flinn John, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Foster Charles, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,       "
Fairbanks H. A., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Farlow John, private, Company D, 11th N. Y.,
Freeman Charles, fifer, 2d Maine,                   Home.
Fenton A., private, Company G, 2d Maine,          Richmond.
Fuller C. G., private, Company G, 1st Mass.,
Fitzgerrald John, private, Company E, 69th N. Y.,
Francis L., private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,           "
Fife R. 0., corporal, Company C, 2d Maine,            t
Faueker John F., private, Company F, 3d Conn.,
Faucill W., sergeant, Company C, 79th N. Y.,          <
Fletcher John, citizen, Va.,                          4
Fairchild C., corporal, Company D, 27th N. Y.,        9
Fitchit R. H., private, Company E, 69th N. Y.,        4
Friebman D., bugler, 2d Ohio,                         4
Farland George, citizen, Va.,                         i
Foster John W., private, Company H, 15th Mass.,       c
Fagan Pat., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Ferdon Charles, corporal, Company E, 30th N. Y.,
Ferguson William, citizen, Ky.,
Franz Charles, corporal, Company G, Sickles' 1st Reg't,
N. Y., deserter,                                  
Frazier P., private, Company B, 30th N. Y.,
Flinn C. C., private, Company C, 13th N. Y., 7
Felen R. C., private, Company A, 9th Va., 7
Fellinger Samuel, private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Filyer J., private, Company A, 9th Va.,               
Fuller W., private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Garrison J. P., private, Company A, 1st Minn.,      Dead.
Gowing John, private, 2d Vt.,
Gowen S. B., private, Company C, 4th Maine.
Gerrald Simeon, citizen, Va.,                         I
Gleason Richard, private, Company A, 11th N. Y., (murdered by a sentinel,),
Griffeny J., private, Company A, 69th N. Y.,     N. Orleans.
Grenauer P., private, Company H, 2d N. Y




APPENDIX.


309


Greyer, H., private, Company E, 3d Va.,         N. Orleans.
Gilmore J. D., private, Company F, 1st Conn.,        "
Goodwin C. M., private, Company K, 5th Maine,
Gill S., fifer, Company D, 7th Ohio,
Greenvill.J., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Gartride J., sailor, U. S. Navy,
Gillman J., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Geddes J., private, Company K, 6th Ohio,
Grout G. A., private, Company K, 2d N. H.,
Galfin C. C., private, Company K, 3d Conn.,
Gray J., private, Company D, 4th Maine,
Goodell J. C., private, Company C, 3d Vt.,
Gross C. M., private, Company G, 20th Ind.,      Columbia.
Glover Francis M., private, Company D, 20th Ind.,    "
Gerber George W., (capt.'s boy,) 20th Ind.,         c
Goldsmith H., private, Company C, 2d Batt., N. J.,   (
Girvan William, private, Company F, 11th N. Y.,      t
Garragherty P. B., private, Company F, 11th N. Y.,
Gumbelton John, private, Company I, 38th N. Y.,     i
Graham J., private, 10th Company, 79th N. Y.,        "
Grummage J., private, 7th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Gray Wm., private, 8th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Guildersleeve J., private, 7th Company, 79th N. Y.,  Home.
Goldsmith G., private, Company F, 1st Mich.,
Gregg J., sergeant, Company B, 1st Mich.,           4
Gray C. C., sergeant, U. S. A.,
Gleason Dennis, private, Company C, 1st N. Y.,  N. Fairground.
Gorman John,                                   N. Carolina.
Greenauer John, private, Company H, 2d Ohio,    Richmond.
Goulding J. J., corporal, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Gayner J., private, Engine Corps, 69th N. Y.,    Alabama.
Gage W. W. private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Graves C., private, Company E., 2d Wis,          Alabama.
Graham T., private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,      Richmond.
Gray J. H., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,         Alabama.
Gifford D., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,
Good Martin, private, Company I, 1st Ky.,           "
Gillis W. D., corporal, Company A, 27th N. Y.,      "
Green George, private, Company H, 71st N. Y.,       4




310


APPENDIX.


Grage H., corporal, 3d Infantry, U. S.,            Alabama.
Green W. A., private, Company F, 8th N. Y             "
Gressy Joe, private, Company A, 3d Maine,             "
Griffith J. M., private, Company A, 2d Ohio,      Richmond.
Gillan J., private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,            "
Gaskwell H. A., private, Company H, 2d Maine,         "
Gibbs Wm., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,              "
Grallage H. D., sergeant, Company I, 13th Indiana,    "
Green E., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,               "
Grass H., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,               c
Gibson H. S., corporal, Company I, 6th Ohio,          c
Goodwin Samuel, sergeant, Company I, 19th Indiana,    i
Gerard C., private, Company I, 11th N. Y.,            i
Graves S., private, Company K, 2d N. J.,              4
Gates S. D., private, Company K, 2d Maine,            "
Gifford W. F., private, Company B, 2d Maine,          "
Garges N., citizen, Virginia,                         4
Garges R. M., citizen, Virginia,                      4
Gaus Augustus, private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,        "
Goodwin T. F., private, Company H, 3d Maine,          "
Graham S., private, Company E, 2d Wis.,               i
Gregory V., sergeant, Company J, 2d Wis.,             "
Garbuck A, private, Company F, 71st N. Y.,            4
Grant A., private, Company H, 2d Ohio,               '4
Graves A. L., private, Company C, 2d Vt.,             "
Gifford W., private, Company B, 2d Vt.,                t
Grinnell C., private, Company K, 2d Vt.,              "
Gross George, citizen, Virginia,
Garbutt H. J., private, Company F, 13th N. Y., 7
Gillette James, private, Engineer Corps, 71st N. Y.,  "
Gaskill A. B., sergeant, Company K, 2d Wis.,          c
Griggs J. H., private, Company B, 5th Mass.,          L
Golschling F., private, Company G, 11th Mass.,        CC
Geer S., private, Company I, 38th N. Y., 7
Gerrald Floyd, citizen, Virginia,  '
Gerrald Parris, citizen, Virginia,                    "
Gerrald Irwin, citizen, Virginia,                     "
Gerrald Jackson, citizen, Virginia,                   c
Gish A. B., citizen, Virginia,                       <9




APPENDIX.


311


Getz Noah, citizen, Virginia,                     Richmond.
Goswell S. N., citizen, Virginia,                     "
Gerrold John, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,          "
Greeble Ira, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,           "
Gray J., alias Carl Bowers, private, Company C, 42d N. Y., "
Gilchrist H., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,          "
Gerrin J., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,             "
Grilley Francis, private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,       "
Greenwood R., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,           "
Geer J. B., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,             "
Greerhalsh J., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,          "
Gill Andrew, private, Company G, 1st Cal.,
Grerley K. G., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Garner William, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Graham Thomas M., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,       (
Goslin Henry, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Garroll M., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Gordon Joseph, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Gillen J., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,              "
Graham William, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,       "
Gilbert Gilbert, private, Company A, 20th Mass.,
Griffin David, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,         t
Gilchrist G., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,         (
Gotlard L. D., sergeant, Company D, 15th Mass.,       (
Garmidge Charles, private, Company K, 15th Mass.,     u
Greenwood H., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Grok Henry, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,           (
Grissler F. A., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Griffin S., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Glacken Thomas, private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Gardiner R. H., private, Company H, 15th Mass.,
Gray George, private, Company I, 1st Art., U. S.,
Gray George W., private, Company H, Ist Mass.,
Green F., corporal, Company H, 2d R. I.,
Gould T. C., private, Company D, 38th N. Y.,
Gilber Hugh, private, Company B, 11th Mass.,
Gillman J. C., private, Company D, 2d Maine,        Dead.
Grobitz Augustus, private, Company E, 15th Mass.,  Richmond.
Gibson W. L., drummer, 9th Virginia,                  "




312


APPENDIX.


Hale H. P., private, 11th N. Y.,                   Dead.
Hunter Horace, private, 3d N. Y.,                    "
Hamilton John, corporal, Company D, 2d Wis.,        "
Hunt A. M., private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,          "
Huson C., citizen, Rochester, N. Y.,                 "
Henderson E., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,     N. Orleans.
ifugh S., private, Company I, 12th Ohio,             "
Haywood J. V., private, Company A, 1st Mass.,
Holmes Edward, private, Company G, 1st N. J.,
Hess H. H., private, Company K, 27th N. Y., 7
Hendrickson C. A., private, Company G, 3d Maine,
Hughes M., private, Company D, 11th Mass,
Hall F. W., sergeant, Company E, 4th Maine,
Howland A. B., corporal, Company C, 14th N. Y.,
Hubbs C. M., private, Company F, 1st Minn.,
Howard J. A., private, West Point Battery, N. Y.,
Hosmer C., sergeant, Company G, 5th Mass.,
Hubbell A., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Hann John, private, Company E, 7th Ohio,
Huntoon H., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Haskell C, private, Company D, 7th Ohio,
Hettick J., private, Company G, 7th, Ohio,
Hubbard N. K., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,
Haskins J., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Hess A., corporal, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Hoffman S. M., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Hall A. L., private, Company I, 2d N. H.,
Hyte Nathaniel, private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Hewett S. W., private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,        c
Hewett Charles H., private, Company D, 11th Mass.,
Hern Thomas, private, Company D, 1st Maine,
Hoyt J. M., waiter, 5th Maine,
Holland A., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,
Hughes M., private, Company D, 3d U. S. Inft.,
Halliday Chas. R., private, Company D, 5th U. S. Inft.,
Hepp George, private, Company E, 2d U. S.,
Haller George, private, Company E, 2d U. S.,
Herdinott A. H., private, Company E, 1st Conn.,
Harvey M., private, Company E, 2d Conn.,




APPENDIX.


313


Hart George, private, Company A, U. S. M.,      N. Orleans.
Hall J., sergeant, Company D, 2d N. H.,              "
Hilliard H., private, Company F, 38th N. Y.,         "
House George, private, Company D, 18th N. Y.,        4
Hayllen Henry, private, Company D, 18th N. Y.,       4
Howard H., private, Company C, 18th N. Y.,           4
Havens J. R., private, Company C, 9th N. Y.,         1
Helson John, private, Company C, 20th InQiana,        c
Hyte Hiram, private, Company I, 20th Indiana,
Hinds Van, private, Company K, 20th Indiana,         "
Hoffman John H., private, Company D, 20th Indiana,   "
Hines Henry, private, Company K, 20th Indiana,       "
Hart John, Union Coast Guard, N. Y.,
House John F., private, Company G, 2d Wis.,           (
Hughes Thomas, private, Company K, 69th N. Y.,        (
Hall D., sailor, U. S. N.,
Heinbach J., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,            C
Haskell F., private, Company K, 5th Maine,      Charleston.
Hannan W., private, Company G, 1st Art. U. S.,  N. Fairground.
Hartwell A. L., private, Company C, 16th Mass.,      "
Hopkins J., private, Company F, 11th N. Y.,      Charleston.
Hylands J., private, Company G, 79th N. Y.,          t
Hayley J., private, 5th Company, 79th N. Y.,         "
Huntoon W., private, Company E, 71st N. Y.,       Home.
Haynes Q., private, Company K, 1st Mich.,       Charleston.
Harvey Chas. H., private, Company C, 1st Mich.,      "
Hutchinson H., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,        "
Harris C. N., sergeant, Company F, 1st Minn.,      Home.
Hubert A. H., private, Company H, 1st Minn.,         "
Hurd W. L., mate, bark Glen,                         "
Hartshorn W., private,                          N. Carolina.
Hanck Jacob, private,
Haifz John, private,
Hodge W., private, 8th Company, 79th N. Y.,      Richmond.
Howard A., teamster, 2d N. Y.,                       4
Hutchings Walter, private, Company B, 2d N. Y.,      "
Hartmeyer Lewis, sergeant, Company A, 1st Mich.,     "
Homer Robert, private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,      "
Heins Edward, corporal, Company I, 1st Ky.,       Alabama.
14




314


APPENDIX.


Hillman F., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,         Alabama.
Healy Robert, sergeant, Company D, 1st Ky.,          "
Hunt Charles, private, Company D, 1st Ky.,           t
Harrun Isaac, corporal, Company C, 8th Ohio,         6
Hussy John, private, Engineer Corps, 69th N. Y.,     "
Halstead J. T., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,  Richmond.
Hobuck John, private, Company K, 2d Wis.,           4
Hoburn J., private, Company C, 11th Mass.,
Heath S. M., private, Company E, 2d N. H.,
Hanks Eph., private, Company B, 26th N. Y.,
Hurd John, private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,
Harrison Henry, private, Company A, 11th Mass.,
Hamilton T. V., private, Company I, 38th N. Y.,      "
Hurdley John, citizen, Canada,
Hathaway G. W., private, U. S. N.,
Hart Samuel, private, Company E, 38th N. Y.,        "
Horton Josiah, sailor, U. S. N.,                     "
Hamlin W., private, Company D, 5th Maine,            '
Healey Hugh, private, Company I, 2d R. I.,           "
Haff Otto, private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Harmeyer Henry, private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Hummel D., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Hanley J. M., sergeant, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Hubbel 0., private, Company I, 19th Indiana,
Hause F., private, Company C, 1st Kentucky,
Humphrey W., corporal, Company C, Kentucky Cavalry,  "
Horan P., private, Company H, 5th Maine,
Hask W., private, Company H, 25th N. Y.,
Haslett --, private, Company D, 5th Maine,          "
Hurd S. L., private, Company H, 2d N. Y.,
Holms -, private, 5th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Hutchinson H., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,
Holms Harry, sergeant, Company D, 14th Brooklyn,    "
Houscomb A. D., private, Company C, 2d Maine,       i
Houston S. W., sailor, U. S. N.,
Horton L. A., sailor, U. S. N., 7
Hopkins J. M., private, Company B, 2d Wis.,          "
Henry A., private, Company F, 2d Wis.,              4
Holdridge D. C., private, Company H, 2d Wis.,      t4




APPENDIX.


315


Hagadorn S. H., corporal, Company K, 2d Wis.,   Richmond.
Hogan J., private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,            t
Hunt A. H., private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,
Hall W., private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,
Hagadorn Stephen, citizen, N. Y.,
Hawks Joseph, citizen, Virginia,
Haskell L. R., private, Company C, 2d Maine,         (
Hoelsland H., private, Company F, 1st Minn.,
Haskell H. R., private, Company D, 4th Maine,
Hunt Charles H., private, Company H, 27th N. Y.,
Haskins A., private, Company B, 1st N. J.,
Heath W., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,
Higginbotham Charles, citizen, Virginia,
Hunt George, citizen, Virginia,
Hall G., citizen, Virginia,
Hall A. R., citizen, Virginia,
Hall Henry, citizen, Virginia,                      "
Hemstead C., citizen, Virginia,                     "
Holt J., citizen, Virginia,                          t
Hinkle F., citizen, Virginia,
Hamilton A., citizen, Virginia,
Hogan John, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Hopkins S. M., private, Company K, 1st Cal.,
Hibbs G. W., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Heald Joseph, private, Company K, 1st Cal.,         A
Hill Fred., private, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Hill W. F., private, Company I, 20th Mass.,
Halbut C. H., private, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Hatch F. E., private, Company A, 20th Mass.,         "
Hast John, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,           <
Heim Joseph, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Hyat George, private, Comp'any C, 42d N. Y.,
Hatcher J., privafe, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Hawkins M., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,          <
Hauley V., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
Hartung -, private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,        <
Heidenof A., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
Hughes Frank, corporal, Company A, 42d N. Y.,
Hicks C., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,




316


APPENDIX.


Harding H. A., orderly sergeant, Company 0, 1st Cal., Richmond.
Huffy J. C., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Herton G. W., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Harris W. B., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Hart G., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Hooley Samuel, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Heat John, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Hum Pat., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Hagan J., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,               4
Haffety Stephen, private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Hannon Thomas, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Huntly J., sergeant, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Hughes J. L., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Hucy H. L., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Harris J., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Hussen G. W., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Harrus W., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Houston John, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Haflets W. 0., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Hastings C. C., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,    "
Hufton H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Hewry H., private, Company D. 15th Mass.,
Hickson R., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,
Hosmer, G. C., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,,4
Howard N. P., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Hohnan W. W., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Hosmer H. J., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Houghkins J., corporal, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Hamilton J. W., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Howard J. 0., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Howard J., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,
Hill C. L., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Hewett E. H., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Healy John, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Healey Pat., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Hatfield S., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Holland J., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Hartford Thomas, private, Company A, 20th Mass.,
Heely Jeremiah, private, Company A, 20th Mass.,




APPENDIX.


317


Heath Henry, private, Company A, 20th Mass.,    Richmond.
Hays J. B., private, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Haskins Richard, corporal, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Harlow R., corporal, Company G, 20th Mass.,         c
Hart Timothy, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,       4
Herd Nelson, private, Company G, 2d N. H.,
Hyde Alfred A., private, Company A, 71st N. Y.,     4
Huthel J. J., private, Company F, 1st Mich.,
Himes H. F., private, Company K, 2d N. J.,
Hirley 0. B., private, Company I, 38th N. Y.,       c
Herbert Thomas, private, Company K, 69th N. Y.,      "
Hohues D., private, Company C, 1st Mich.,
Holden H. A., private, Company G, 2d Maine,         c
Heaton J. S., private, Company A, 2d N. H.,
Haynes E., private, Company F, 11th Mass.,           "
Hoefer Fred., hospital nurse, 38th N. Y.,
Heath Nathaniel, private, Company A,2d Wis.,        t
Hart James H., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,       "
Holden "V., private, Company D, 2d N. H.,
Hamilton James, private, 8th Company, 13th La., deserter, "
Hedge Henry, private, Company G, 38th N. Y., -
Hoppy Ed., private, Company D, 2d Art. U. S.,
Hopkins Albert, private, Company G., 7th Ohio,  N. Orleans.
Haig James, private, 2d Company, 79th N. Y.,    Charleston.
Hays James, citizen,' Va.,                      Richmond.
Hutt C., private, Company E, 2d Ohio,           N. Orleans.
Haynes D. C., corporal, Company B, 2d N. H.,      Dead.
Halbert H. L., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,    N. Orleans.
Hebbig T., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Horn Thos., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,      Richmond.
Heckert F. W., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Hughes E. C., citizen, Muscatine, Iowa,
Honaker John, citizen, Fayette Co., Va.,
Hall P., citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,
Hall E., citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,
Hall Isaac, citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,               t
Hooten G., private, Company B, 30th N. Y., 7
Hattigan A., private, Company E, 9th Va.,           i
Howard Wesley, private, Company A., 9th Va.,        6




318


APPENDIX.


Harrison 0., citizen, Va.,                     Richmond.
Hillburn S. 0., private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Huggins J. A., private, Company A, 9th Va.,        (
Holland John H., private, Company A, 9th Va.,      "
THall James, private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Hinchman W., citizen, Va.,
Higgins Reuben, private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Hayliss, citizen, Va.,                             4
Jaeques H., private, 2d R. I.,                   Dead.
Johnson J. R., private, 27th N. Y.,
Jones James, citizen, Va.,                         "
Iddings Thomas, private, Company I, 12th Ohio,  N. Orleans.
Joyce W., private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,           C
Jones John, private, Compafiy B, 3d Maine,         "
Ingraham John, private, Company H, 2d N. Y.,       "
Iruley J. P., corporal, Company E, 71st N. Y.,     4
Jelby John, private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,
Jackson M., private, Company H, 4th Maine,         6
Jamieson J. W., private, Company F, 1st Minn.,,
Johnson A., private, Company F, 5th Maine,         <
Johnson Samuel, private, Company I, 7th Ohio,
Johnson D. J., private, Company I, 7th Ohio, l
Jenkins B., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,          <
Jaquith D., private, Company A, 2d Maine,          <
Jacobs H. C., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,
Jenkins J., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Jackson J., private, Company I, 88th N. Y.,
Joy S. M., private, Company H, 2d N. H.,
Jones Chas. L., private, Company D, 2d N. H., 1
Ingles Robt., private, Company C, 20th Ind     Columbia.
Jones John, private, Company I, 20th Ind.,
Jones Charles E., private, Company E, 20th Ind.,   c
Johnson H. B., private, Company I, 20th Ind.,
Jackson John D., private, Company D, 69th N. Y.,
Iven Thos., private, Company A, 9th Mass.,
Imons W., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,      Charleston.
Jakes H., private, Company B, 14th N. Y.,       Home.
Ingersoll J., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,  Charleston.
Johnson W., private, Company D, 1st Mich.,         4




APPENDIX.


319


Jenkins Thomas, private,                    North Carolina.
Jenks L. D., private, Company D, 1st N. J.,       Alabama.
Jones Daniel, private, Company A, 2d Wis.,      Richmond.
Jackson S. P., private, Company B, 2d Wis.,          "
Jacobs Robt., private, 4th Company, 79th N. Y.,      4
Irwin P. C., private, Company G, 2d Mich.,           "
Jacobs Zachariah, private, Company K, 1st N. J.,     (
Jewett O. T., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,
Jones J., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,              4
Johnson W., private, Company K, 12th N. Y.,          (
Judson H., private, Company K, 1st Conn.,           i
Jenks J. H., sergeant, Company E, 25th N. Y.,       i
Jorgan W., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,             "
Jagen Wm., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,             "
Jones D., private, Company C, 26th N. Y.,            "
Jones E. R., citizen, Virginia,                      "
Jamison W., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,           "
Joyce J. C., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,         "
James Thomas, private, Company A, 42d N. Y.,        4
Jones Spencer, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Ispording W., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,         "
Johnson John, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,         "
Johnson D. W., private, Company E, 20th Mass.,      "
Jamison Daniel, private, Company D, 15th Mass.,     i
Johnson A., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,         4
Jaquith A. L., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,       "
Irirn W., private, Company D, 20th Mass.,           "
Johnson A., private, Company E, 20th Mass.,
Irison Thomas C., corporal, Company H, 2d N. Y.,
Ingrahan John, private, Company H, 1st Mich.,
Ingalls Charles, private, Company H, 1st Mich.,  Alabama.
Johnson John, private, 10th Company, 79th N. Y.,  Richmond.
James Thomas, private, Company G, 11th Mass.,       44
Jennings Isaac, waiter, Company E, 1st Conn.,   N. Orleans.
Jones W., citizen, Virginia,                    Richmond.
Jennings J. B., corporal, Company B, 2d Conn.,  N. Orleans.
Jeffres Frank, sergeant, Company F, 2d R. I.,   Richmond.
Joslyn W. H., private, Company D, 13th N. Y.,   N. Orleans.
Isham G. W., private, Company G, 2d N. Y.,          "




320


APPENDIX


Johnson L. T., private, Company A, 3d Conn.,
Johnson L. H., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jarrett Harrison, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jarrett Sith, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jarrett Irwin, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jarrett J., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jarrett Jessie, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jarrett D. W., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jarrett Oliver, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Jackson M., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Johnson E. A., private, Company B, N. Y. Cav.,
Johnson G. W., 0. sergeant, Company A, 9th Va.,
Johnson D. W., private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Johnson George W., private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Jenkins T. J., private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Kables, private, 2d Vt.,
King C., private, Company I, 69th N. Y.,
Kenny F. H., sergeant, Company A, 2d N. Y.,
Kerr A., corporal, Company F, 11th Mass.,
Kendall, corporal, Company H, 5th Maine,
Kilroy J., private, Company G, 11th Mass.,
Kingsbury L. B., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Kohhman A., sergeant, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Kelly Robt., private, Company D, 11th N. Y.,
Keen John, private, Company F, 27th N. Y.,
Kelly Jos., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Kassler J., private, Company D., U. S. Marine,
Kiddle W., private, Company D, 2d N. H.,
Keu Thos., private, Company I, 88th N. Y.,
Kennedy J., private, Company K, 3d Conn,
Knowlton Chas., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,
Kelsey J., private, Company E, 38th N. Y.,
Kennedy E., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,
Keaduch George, private, Ky.,
Kelehun T. E., sergeant, Company E, 7th Ohio,
Keefer C. W., corporal, Company K, 20th Ind.,
Kelly N., private, Company K, 20th Ind.,
Keenes T. C., private, Company H, 20th Ind.,
Kennard M. C., sergeant, Company D, 20th Ind.,


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APPENDIX.


321


Kiddy Pat., private, Company I, 25th Ind.,       Columbia.
Kaughman Michael, private, Company A, 1st Mich.,     "
Keating Michael, private, Company E, 69th N Y.,      i
Kaughman Michael, Louisiana,                        9
Kerr Charles, private, Company A, 9th Ohio,          c
Krone H., private, Company B, 1st Minn.,            c
Kane Stephen, sergeant, Company D, 5th Wis.,      Home.
Kelly Michael, private, Company D, 2d Wis.,  N. Fairground.
Kefer L., private, Company A, 1st Minn.,             "
Kleila W., private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,        Home.
Kelly J., private, Company F, 1st Mich.,        Charleston.
Kennedy J. G., corporal, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,    "
Kelly William,                                 N. Carolina.
Kleichman Frank,                                     "
Kane J., private, 10th Company, 69th N. Y.,      Alabama.
Kern Wm., private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,              "
Kellogg C. H., private, Company D, 34th N. Y.,       "
Kestenhole Chas., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,       "
Kinsley Jerry, private, Company I, 1st Ky.,         4
Kelly A., private, Company I, 8th Ohio,             4
Kerr A., private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,             "
Keller A., private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,      Richmond.
Keller G. G., private, Company C, 2d Maine,          (
Kelly Wm., wagoner, 5th Maine,                       "
Kistler T. N., corporal, Company A, 13th Ind.,      C
King J. W., private, Company B, 2d Maine,            '
Kane J., private, Company F., 69th N. Y.,
Keating J., private, Company A, 14th N. Y.,
Kendrick M. L., citizen, Va.,
Kilbrun L. M., private, Company E, 3d Conn.,
Knight Jonathan, private, Company H, 4th Maine,
Kelly Peter, private, Company H, 13th N. Y.,
Kelly W., private, Company K, 13th N. Y.,
Kilduff J., private, Company A, 11th Mass.,
King 0. L., corporal, Company D, 1st Minn.,
Kenny M., private, Company I, 1st Minn.,             "
Kurtz L. B., citizen, Va.,                           t
Kuntz J., citizen, Va.,
Keplinger J., citizen, Va.,
14*




322


APPENDIX.


Kempsey John, citizen, Va..,                     Richmond.
Kincade James, citizen, Va.,
Kirtz Jasper, citizen, Va.,
Kirtz Melville, citizen, Va.,                        "
Keeman F., private, Company E, 44th N. Y.,
Kilpatrick W., private, Company E, 44th N. Y.,
Koch Jos., R., private, Company N, 44th N. Y.,
Kolhurid G., private, Company N, 44th N. Y.,
Keames H., private, Company N, 44th N. Y.,
Kinlock S., private, Company P, 44th N. Y.,
Kempton M. V., private, Company I, 30th Mass.,       "
Kingsburry John, private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Kenny C. A., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Knight D. W., corporal, Company F, 15th Mass.,
Kelly C., private, Company I, 15th Mass,,
Kelly L. H., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Kelly Albert, private, Company I, 20th Mass.,
Kelly Michael, private, Company A, 14th N. Y.,
Kaiser Henry, private, Company E, 7th Ohio,        Dead.
King L., musician, 2d R. I.,                    Richmond.
King S. W., private, Company F, 1st R. I.,
Kelly F., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,
Kelly E. H., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,
Ketchum R. C., private Company B, 13th N. Y.,
King M., citizen, Va.
Kidwell Floyd, citizen, Va.,
Kenry W., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Kenry Cornelius, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Kenry Columbus, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Kenry Joseph, citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.
Kelly W. A., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Kelly J. C., citizen, P. W. Co., Va.,
Kennedy T., private, Company F, 12th Ind.,
Kite Thomas, citizen, Va.
Lowery Francis, private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,    Dead.
Leonard John, private, Company I, 2d Vt.,
Lougan P., private, Company C, 69th N. Y.,      N. Orleans.
Leport A. R., private, Company B, 2d N. Y.,
Landis F. J., private, Company F, 11th Ind.,




APPENDIX.


323


Lougan T., private, Company F, 5th Maine,       N. Orleans.
Logem L. C., private, Company G, 7th Ohio,
Lorkins F., private, Company I, 7th Ohio,
Luvellum M., private, Company I, 7th Ohio,
Latimer John, corporal, Company G, 8th N. Y.,       6
Lane J., private, Company B, U. S.,
Leonard L., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,          c
Leathers A. D., private, Company D, 2d N. H.,
Lamb E., private, Company G, 2d Conn.,               "
Leiprant Charles, private, Company K, 1st Ky.,
Lenagan T. J., private, Company B, 2d N. Y.,
Lawrence John R., sailor, schooner Union, Mass.,  Columbia.
Loyd William, private, Company C, 13th Ohio,
Lewam F. T., private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,         l
Lowe W. R., private, Company K, 69th N. Y.,     Charleston.
Lanna A. T., private, Company H, 69th N. Y.,
Lyon E., private, Company H, 69th N. Y.,             "
Lang J., private, Company C, 1st Mich.,
Lincoln Charles E., private, Company K, 1st Minn.,
Latham G. W., citizen, Va.,                       Home.
Leaford Henry,                              North Carolina.
Lucas G. G., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Lowe, private, Company A, 79th N. Y.,               i
Lemon J., private, Company B, 24th Ohio,
Lloyd G. W., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,,      Alabama.
Little Joseph, private, Company D, 1st Ky.,
Long S. T., private, Company D, 1st Mass.,
Langdon J., private, Company I, 1st Art. U. S.,
Lowe Isaac, private, Company I, 5th Mass.,
Lake D., private, Company G, 2d R. I.,              9
Levarez Leon, private, Company I, 2d N. Y.,     Richmond.
Lipman J. W. B., private, Company E, 11th Mass.,
Launsbery D. A., private, Company I, 1st Mich.,
Linen R., private, Company G, 8th N. Y.,
Lowe W., private, Company H, 2d N. Y.,
Lane Hiram, private, Company H, 1st Mich.,
Lee J. M., private, Company G, 1st Minn.,
Luce William, private, Company K, 2d Maine,
Lacy Fred., private, Company F, 2d Wis.,




324


APPENDIX.


Lewis C. H., fifer, Company H, 2d Vermont,       Richmond.
Livingston Isaac, private, Company C, 4th Mich.,     "
Lorn G. W., private, Company D, 2d Maine,
Little G., private, Company G, 6th Ohio,
Lorkin G. S., private, Company G, 6th Ohio,
Leighton E., private, Company G, 13th Indiana,
Leise Jacob, private, Company G, 6th Ohio,
Langurhun W., corporal, Company B, 6th Ohio,
Lang F. W., corporal, Company B, 6th Ohio,           "
Lowe George, corporal, Company B, 13th Indiana,
Landis J., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,             "
Lawrence.D. P., citizen, Virginia,                   "
Lewis H. C., citizen, Virginia,                    Dead.
Linsey Edward, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,    Richmond.
Lynch Pat., sergeant, Company E, 42d N. Y.,
Linch M., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,
Lechler W. H., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Lewis J., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Lescher Robert, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Lehman C. A., corporal, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Little H. F., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Lester A. W., private, Company L, Ist Cal.,
Loller John, private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Lather H., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Lobb -, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,             C4
Lecker Francis, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Lyon James, private, Company P, 40th N. Y.,
Lank William, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Lowell James, private, Company I, 20th Mass.,
Lamb C. A., sergeant, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Leary Cornelius, private, Company E, 20th Mass,
Livermore E. S., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Laruty A. J., private, Company I, 20th Mass.,
Lucas George, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Lewis Daniel, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Leonard John W., private, Company K, 2d N. Y.,
Lewis George W., private, Company G, 20th Mass.,
Laughland James, private, Company K, 79th N. Y.,
Leary J. M., sergeant, Company I, 11th N. Y.,




APPENDIX.


325


Lewis Oliver, private, Rickett's Batt., R. I.,  Richmond.
Lanning W. L., corporal, Company C, 30th N. Y.,      "
Ludden W. A., private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,
Lyon Nathaniel, private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,      (
Litchfield Albert, private, Company B, 15th Mass.,   "
Lane J. N., private, Company A, 9th Va.,             "
McNoy Charles, corporal, 79th N. Y.,               Dead.
Miller B., private, 11th N. Y.,                      "
McDonald Charles, private, 2d Company, 79th N. Y.,  i
Murray Paul, private, Company G, 8th U. S.,          "
McClung J. H., private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,      cc
Murphy J., color-sergeant, Company A, 69th N. Y.  N. Orleans.
McKeon J. N., private, Company D, 69th N. Y.,        "
Moore William, private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,      "
McNeal J., private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,           "
McGrath E., private, Company H, 69th N. Y.,         (
McGuire Thomas, private, Engineer Corps, 69th N. Y.,  "
McCurdy D., private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,           "
Munroe John, private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,          "
Mount William, private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,        "
McFarlane J., private, Company E, 2d N. Y.,         "
McCormack P., private, Company E, 2d N. Y.,         "
McCormick J., private, Company K, 38th N. Y.,
Murphy J., private, Company E, 2d N. Y.,
McGuire J., private, Company F, 2d N. Y.,            "
McNatly D., sergeant, Company F, 2d N. Y.,          "
McGovern C. G., private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,        "
Morrow A., private, Company C, 2d N. Y.,             (
Mason George, private, Company G, 2d N. Y.,
Maiken T.,
McGlaughlin J., private, Company E, 1st Ohio,        t
McCabe George, private, Company I, 2d Ohio,          "
McCarty John, private, Company D, 11th Mass.,        "
Morgan T., private, Company G, 3d Maine,             "
Morrison O. K., sergeant, Company F, 3d Maine,       "
Morris J. E., private, Company I, 1st Ohio,         "
McTiernon J., sergeant, Company G, 2d N. Y.,         "
Martin H., teamster, 5th Mass.,
Mullery Thomas, private, Company C, 7th Ohio,




326


APPENDIt.


Mack C. F., corporal, Company C, 7th Ohio,     N. Orleans.
Moler J. A., private, Company H, 7th Ohio,
Miller John, private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
McCabe J., private, Company B, 7th Ohio,            "
Mills F., private, Company C, 2d U. S.,
McKinnon R., private, Company K, 2d Wis.,
Morgan T. E., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Morgan E., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
McSweeny B., private, Company B, 5th Mass.,
Murray Christopher, private, Company C, 2d Conn.,
McManus John, private, Company H, 3d Conn.,
McLaughlin M., private, Company H, 3d U. S., )
Murphy Patrick, private, Company H, 3d U. S.,
Murphy R., private, Company D, 3d U. S.,
Moor H., private, Company B, 2d N. H.,              <
Martin D., private, Company C, 2d N. H.,
Morse J. R., fifer, Company E, 2d N. H.,
Morse George, private, 10th Company, 79th N. Y.,
McCoy H., private, Company A, U. S. M.,
McGuire Thomas, private, Company D, 2d U. S. M.,
Murphy Samuel, corporal, Company I, 9th Mass.,
Martin B., private, Company D, 3d Maine,
Miers J. B., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,          (
Massa J., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Merkel M., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Mowery, sergeant, Company C, 7th Ohio,              "
More George, private, Company I, 1st Cal.,
Mosin H., private, Company I, 1st Cal.,
McConnel, private, Company I, 1st Cal.,
Meeks J. R., private, Company H, 20th Ind.,     Columbia.
Muster John, private, Company I, 20th Ind.,
Maddox James, private, Company F, 20th Ind.,
Mayo Benj., sailor, U. S. N.,
Murphy Timothy, sailor, U. S. N.,
Mahan James, private, Company A, 11th Ohio,
Moore William, private, Company K, 1st Mich.,
Mahoney Dennis, private Company I, 2d Maine,
McCauley James, private, Company K, 2d Conn.,       4
Martin W. H., private, Company K, 2d Wis.,




APPENDIX.


McGraw James, private, Company K, 13th N. Y.,    Columbia.
Murrish John, private, Company C, 13th N. Y.,        "
Morrison William, private, Company H, 13th N. Y.,    "
Mitchel A. B., private, Company D, 25th N. Y.,      4
McRae William, private, Company A, 2d Wis.,          "
Maier Adolph, private, Company G, 14th Ind.,        4
McGlinn John, private, Company A, 11th Mass.,     Home.
McGregor John, sergeant, Company A, 3d Conn.,   Charleston.
Maloney John, private, Company B, 11th N. Y.,     Home.
McGeehen, private, Company B, 11th N. Y.,       Charleston.
McArthur A., private, Company D, 79th N. Y.,         "
McCormick Thomas, private, 11th Company, 79th N. Y., "
McKim R., private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,          "
McGregor A., private, 6th Company, 79th N. Y.,
McQuatt D., private, 8th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Muir I., private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,           "
McCartney, corporal, 5th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Mould M. R., private, Company I, 71st N. Y.,    - Home.
Moore Charles B., sergeant, Company I, 1st Mich.,  Charleston.
Martin M., private, Company D, 1st Mich.,
Marx W. V., private, Company I, 1st Mich.,           "
Milne J. 0., private, Company I, 1st Minn.,       Home.
Metzke W., color sergeant, Company B, 1st Mich.,  Charleston.
Murphy Edward,                                 N. Carolina.
Munroe A. G.,
McQuide H., sergeant, Company E, 27th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Mageon L. L., 2
Metzke George,                                      c
Marfing James, private, Company A, 14th N. Y.,   Alabama.
McNelly James, private, Company C, 1st Minn.,       4
Mooney D., private, Company E, 2d N. Y.,            4
McGuiness, private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,          4
Montgomery Thomas, private, Company A, 69th N. Y.,  "
Miller Charles, private, Company C, DeKalb regiment,
N. Y.,                                   N. Fairground.
Meddo E., private, Company C, DeKalb regiment, N.
Y.,                                          Alabama.
Masseck R., private, Company E, DeKalb regiment,
N. Y.,                                      Richmond.




328


APPENDIX.


Milligan M., corporal, Company I, 1st Ky.,       Alabama.
Mosberger J., private, Company H, 69th N. Y.,
McDonald, private, Company D, 1st Ky.,               t
Mulley M., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,
McEllroy S., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,
McNickle Thomas, private, Company G, 69th N. Y.,
Moore G. T., private, Company G, 1st Mass.,
Marshall C. J., corporal, Company K, 2d N. Y.,
McManus L., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,
McCarrick J., private, Company C, 69th N. Y.,
McGrath John, private, Company D, 11th N. Y.,       "
McGlen James, private, Company H, llth N. Y.,   Richmond.
McGlenn James, private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,   Alabama.
McConner, private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,
March E. L., private, Company E, 38th N. Y.,
Moulton W. R., corporal, Company D, 3d Conn.,   Richmond.
Mathews D., private, Company I, 4th Maine,          i
Maier Jos., private, Company C, 88th N. Y.,
McManus P., private, Company E, 14th N. Y.,
Maddox George, private, Company D, 1st Minn.,
Marten Thomas, private, Company E, 69th N. Y.,
Millay Israel, private, Company E, 14th N. Y.,
Montgomery T. J., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,    4
McKinny W., citizen, Va.,                           6
March E. C., private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,
Marks I. A., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,
More John, private, Company H, 21st N. Y.,
Mansfield W., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,       t
Marten B., private, Company G, 2d Vt.,
Mitchell W., private, Company F, 79th N. Y.,
McClane W. B., sergeant, Company I, 6th Ohio,
McDonough Thomas, private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Miller E., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Mileham M., private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,
Marshall J., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Murphy T. S., private, Company G, 37th N. Y.,
Mindanus H., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,
Morris Charles L., private, Company B, 2d N. Y.,
Millette O. F., private, Company H, 2d Maine,




APPENDIX.


329


McFaggart, private, Company I, 2d Minn.,        Richmond.
Much J., private, Company A., 14th N. Y.,            4
Merritt C. W., private, Company F, 1st Minn.,        4
McCabe J., private, Company K, 2d R. I.,             "
Mills Charles W., private, Company F, 1st Me.,       t
Marston Josiah, private, Company G, 4th Me.,         4
Munroe R. H., private, Company D, 2d Me.,            4
Marshall G. F., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,         4
Murry H., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,
Millen Thomas, sailor, U. S. N.,                     I
McAulay J. N., private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,
Murray J., private, Company D, 2d Vt.,               4
Marlin G. W., private, Company E, 2d Vt.,           46
Murphy W. E., corporal, Company A, 2d Vt.,           4
Morron T. W., private, Company I, 3d Me.,           6
McKinley H., private, Company K, 18th N. Y.,
Merritt John, private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,
Miller F., private, Company F, 1st Minn.
Mudge G. L., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,
Mudge V., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,
McGettrick M., private, Company E, 27th N. Y., 7
Mills L., private, Company H, 38th N. Y., 7
McCabe I., private, Company C, 2d R. I.,
Mitchell J., private, Company F, 11th Mass.,        C
Malroney John, private, Company C, 69th N. Y.,       "
McGrath J., private, Company H, 69th N. Y.,         4
Murray J. H., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,;
Moran John, private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,         4
McGram, Michael, private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,    4
McPhillipps, J., private, Company I, 3d U. S.       4
Mergens J. B., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,        c
McGill Pat., private, Company G, 69th N. Y.,        i
Monohue Michael, private, Company B, 2d R. I.,       c
Mace M., citizen, Va.,                              c
McDonald J., citizen, Va.,                          4
McLaughlin, citizen, Va, 1
Miller R. L., citizen, Va.,                         4
McCarty D., citizen, Va.,                           C
McNeily Samuel, citizen, Va.,                       9




330


APPENDIX.


Moral Cain, citizen, Va.,                       Richmond.
Moral John, citizen, Va.,
Mangold W. George, citizen, Va.,
McCarty J., private, Company A, 42d N. Y.,
Moriarty John, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
May W. B., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Mayo W.. private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
McCainy Stephen, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Moore G. C., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Murphy John; private, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Murphy Dan., private, Company A, 20th Mass.,         i
Mooday J. L., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,        "
Maynard William, private, Company B, 15th Mass.,    6
McGovern D., private, Company H, 15th Mass.,
Matteson N. F., private, Company D, 3d N. J.,        "
McKenzie C. M., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,      "
"May Thomas W., private, Company H, 2d R. I.,
MeTagem, private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,
Marston Isaac, private, Company F, 49th N. Y.,       "
McCurdy Samuel, private, Company G, 15th Mass.,     "
Moore James, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,         i
McMoneagle R., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,       4
McLaughlin A., private; Company C, 42d N. Y.,        c
McConville C., sergeant, Company E, 42d N. Y.,      i
Murphy T., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,            "
McLaughlin 0., private, Company E, 42d N. Y., 7
Mahon W., private, Company E, 42d N. Y., 7
McNeilly E., corporal, Company E, 42d N. Y., 9
Monegan J. J., sergeant, Company K, 42d N. Y., 7
McMarra P., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,          c
Murray T., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,           CC
McManus P., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
McGeva J., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
Mahoney D., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
McCabe Owen, private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,
McDonough M., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,         "
Moore Patrick, private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,       4
Mohtain J. L., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,
McCormick A., sergeant, Company A, 1st Cal.,,




APPENDIX.


331


Meyers G. W. F., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,   Richmond.
Morris George W., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,       t
Morris A. L., corporal, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Massey G. L., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
McClery A. T., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,          "
Miller T. W., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,           t
Mallock W., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,             "
McBride J., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Miller Freeman, corporal, Company H, 1st Cal.,,
Margerum Richard, corporal, Company H, 1st Cal.,
McDonald S., corporal, Company H, 1st Cal.,
McMenanim J., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Martin Peter, private, Company H, 1st Cal.,           "
McCuen John, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,            "
McGan Joseph, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
McKay Thomas, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,           "
Myers G. H., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Mastem John, private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Mitchell Theodore, private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
McGere W. J., sergeant, Company K, 1st Cal.,
Mann W. G., private, Company F, 1st Cal.,
McNight J., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,             4
Milliard N. L., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,         t
McQuade James, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Mullen George, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,          9
McBay Thomas, private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,          "
McCabe J., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,             4
McGahey Patrick, private, Company K, 15th Mass.,      4
McBride M., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,           i
Morse J. E., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,          c
Moss O. G., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,           "
May T., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,               (
McIntire 0. M., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,       (
Moyneliam O. M., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,      4
McKenzie E. F., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,       (
Moore N. G., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,          4
Mint F., private, Company C, 20th Mass.,              "
Moegle Christopher, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,
McQuestion C., private, Company D, 20th Mass.,




332


APPENDIX.


Mellen E. A., sergeant, Company G, 20th Mass.,  Richmond.
Mash Thomas F., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
McDonald Thomas, corporal, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Metcalf L. H., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,      c
McLauren William, private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,
McCobb Chas. S., hospital steward, 4th Maine,
McIntire B., private, Company K, 47th N. Y.,    N. Orleans.
Morron Dennis, private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,   Richmond.
Marr C. C., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,
Meghan J. F., private, Company I, 2d N. Y.,
Maxwell William, private, Company H, 2d N. Y.,
Middleton Styles, private, Company E, 14th N. Y.,    u
Madison O. S., private, Company A, 14th R. I.,      u
Murphy Peter, private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,       "
Maddox E., private, Company I, 4th Maine,
Morgan J., private, Company K, 11th N. Y.,
Mansfield W. L., private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,    <
McLeary J., private, Company G, 79th N. Y.,
McFarlane John, private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,
McCluskey Thos., private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,
McKeene J. A., private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,
Millette W. H., hospital steward, 38th N. Y.,
McGaire P., hospital steward, 38th N. Y.,
McCabe H. D., citizen, Virginia,                  Home.
Moody Charles, citizen, Virginia,               Richmond.
McKerny John, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,        "
Moore Pat., corporal, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Massey J., citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,                 c
Miller Pat., citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,
Mould J. J., citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,
Moulds Isaac, citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,              c
Miller Lewis, private, Company B, Lincoln Cav., N. Y.,  "
Matten L., private, Company H, 30th N. Y.,
Merrick W., private, Company H, 30th N. Y.,         "
McCormick W., private, Company I, 30th N. Y.,       i
Morris D., private, Company E, 30th N. Y.,
Morison James, private, Company K, 30th N. Y.,
Morris L., teamster, Penn.,                          t
McCenley Dan., private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,      4




APPENDIX.


333


McDonough Thos., citizen, Virginia,             Richmond.
Murphy Dennis, private, Company H, 38th N. Y.,       "
Massey G. P., private, Company A, 9th Va.,           "
Massey Wm., citizen, Ohio,
Morris J., private, Company A, 9th Va.,              <
Morey Frank, citizen, Virginia,
Marken E. W., private, Company A, 9th Va.,          "
McClure W. V., private, Company A, 9th Va.,          "
Massie Loudon, private, Company A, 9th Va.,          "
McVickers Henry, private, Company A, 9th Va.,       4
McDonal Wm., private, Company M, 3d Penn. Cav.,      "
McFarland Andrew, private, Company F, 3d Penn. Cav.,  "
Moore Hugh, private, Company M, 3d Penn. Cay.,
McLangdon James, private, Company F, 3d Penn. Cav.,  "
Marsh R. C., teamster, 8th Ohio,
Milstea Nath., citizen, Virginia,                   "
"Magruder Felix, citizen, Virginia,                 "
Marston Thos., citizen, Virginia,                   "
Nichols J. H., private, 13th N. Y.,               Dead.
Nugent G., private, Company B, 69th N. Y.,      N. Orleans.
Neaton G. C., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,         "
Noble F. A., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,           "
Nuemullen P., private, Company I, 2d Ohio,           "
Nilen Michael, private, Company E, 2d U. S.,         "
Neagle Wm., private, Company F, 20th Indiana,    Columbia.
Newell John, private, Company F, 2d R. I.,          "
Nason D. B., private, Company A, 2d Maine,          c
Nosida C., private, Company A, 3d U. S.,            "
Noel W. B., private, Company E, 1st Mich.,      Charleston.
Neal Chas. H., private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,     "
North Chas., private, Indiana Cav.,              Alabama.
Nutly W., private, Company C, 69th N. Y.,            "
Neuman Carl, citizen, New York,                 Richmond.
Newell R. J., private, Company I, 11th Mass.,    Alabama.
Norton J. N., corporal, Company C, 26th N. Y.,       "
Nicholas George, citizen, Mississippi,          Richmond.
Nellis G. G., private, Company B, 1st Minn.,         "
Nash C. E., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,          "
Nash E. H., sailor, U. S. N.,                       6




334


APPENDIX.


Nash Jas. E., sailor. U. S. N.,                 Richmond.
Noble Gorham, private, Company F, 71st N. Y.,        "
Newcomb J. B., citizen, Virginia,                 Dead.
Neagle J., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,       Richmond.
Niles H. L., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,          "
Nighon P., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,             "
Nail J. F., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Nicholis J. L., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,       "
Neal C. S. M., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,        "
Nichols A. J., private, Company A, 1st N. Y.,?'
Nichold John, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Nichols J. N., private, Company N, 20th Mass.,,
Nitting M. L., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Noyes G. G., sergeant, Company D, 15th Mass.,        t
Newton G. F., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Norcrose J. M., corporal, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Nichols W. H., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,
Negus V., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Numan John, private, Company G, 20th Mass.,
Noyes A. J., private, Company A, 2d Vt.,            "
Noyes W. S., hos. steward, 5th Maine,
Nother, private, Company D, 11th N. Y.,              t
Neff Addison, citizen, Virginia,
Nelson Wm., citizen, Virginia,                       "
Nelkin Saml. citizen, N. Orleans,
Nichols James, private, Company F, 15th Mass.,       "
Norrob Chas. H., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Newman, private, 1st Cav., Va.,
Null Geo., private, Company A, 9th Va.,              "
Neal R. E., private, Company A. 9th Va.,             "
Noyes Leonard, assinde " dulla" Key W.,.            "
Oxford W. F., private, 2d N. H.,                   Dead.
Osborn Albert, private, Company C, 7th Ohio,    N. Orleans.
Oxford Elias, private, Company H, 20th Ind.,     Columbia.
Obelias A., private, Company C, 20th Ind.            "
O'Brien H., private, Company K, 12th N. Y.,          "
Oliver Judson, private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,
Otto F., private, Company B, U. S. M.,       N. Fairground.
O'Brien Thos., private, Company G, 69th N. Y.,  Charleston.




APPENDIX.


335


O'Meara Tim., captain, Company E, 42d N. Y.,     Alabama.
Ostrander J., private, Company F, 1st Minn.,        9
O'Brien G., private, Company K, 3d Conn.,       Richmond.
O'Brien Daniel, citizen, Va.,                        "
Owens W. A., private, Company I, 2d Wis.,           c
O'Brien T., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,         Alabama.
Oysterboy J., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Ohirte Martin, private, Company G, 5th Mass.,   Richmond.
O'Brien D, private, Company G, 2d Wis.,              "
Overman J. N., citizen, Va.,
O'Brien Miles, citizen, Va.,                        (t
O'Brien John, citizen, Va.,                          "
O'Dell P. L., citizen, Va.,                       Home.
Oures Silas, citizen, Va.,                      Richmond.
O'Neill D., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,           (
O'Harran Hugh, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,      c
O'Dell G., corporal, Company C, 15th Mass.,         4
Olney E., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,           it
Omsbey H. A., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,
Osland Sam. E., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,
O'Conner Thos., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
O'Connel J. J., private, Company D, 30th N. Y.,
O'Neill Cornelius, private, Company G, 30th N. Y.,
Olney L. C., private, Company D, 3d R. I.,
O'Neilly D., private, Company F, 69th N. Y.,
O'Brien John, private, Company E, 38th N.Y.,   County Jail.
Ottinger Charles, private, Company K, 7th Ohio,  N. Orleans.
O'Brien John, sergeant, Company B, Lincoln Cav.,  Alabama.
Oliver, private, Company C, 13th Ind.,          Ricimond.
Olden Horace, citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,             "
Pennott Albert, private, 1st R. I.,                Dead.
Prescott Charles R., corporal, 14th N. Y.,           "
Parmenter W. W., sergeant, Company C, 7th Ohio,  N. Orleans.
Platt C. W., private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,         "
Pinto E, corporal, Company B, 8th N. Y.,             "
Paight Joseph, private, Company F, 3d Conn.,        4
Panton John, private, hostler, 2d N. Y.,             "
Palmer E. C., corporal, Company H, 7th Ohio,         "
Payn C. W., private, Company E, 2d Conn.,           i




336


APPENDIX.


Polleys J., private, Company F, 5th Maine,
Packard Wm., private, Company E, 4th Maine,
Perry H., private, Company.B, 2d N. H.,
Price John, sergeant, U. S.,
Pearce H., private, Company I, 1st Md.,
Page J. W. H., private, Company C, 9th N. Y.,
Parsons F. F. B., private, Company II, 20th Ind.,
Parker J. M., private, Company E, 20th Ind.,
Plasatt Henry, private, Company I, 20th Ind.,
Robert Washington, private, Company D, 20th Ind.,
Peter James, private, Company C, 10th Ohio,
Peck V. W., private, Company D, 13th Ohio,
Phelan Win., private, Company I, 38th N. Y.,
Perrin H. G., hos. steward, Company A, 11th N. Y.,
Pollock R., private, 8th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Powell Alfred, sergeant, 3d N. Y.,
Pease F., private, Company B, 1st Mich.,
Pomeroy P., private, Company K, 1st Mich.,
Palmer C. H., private, Company G, 1st Mich.,
Phillips G. S., private, Company H, 1st Mich.,
Porter N., private, Company D, 1st Mich.,
Price James,
Pollard H. M., private, Company G, 2d Maine,
Pollard J., private, Company G, 1st R. I.,
Pillsburry, private, Company H, 3d Maine,
Perkins Wm., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,
Patterson Samuel, private, Company H, 79th N. Y.,
Perry Robt., private, Company H, 79th N. Y.,
PavitC1. W., private, Company E, 71st N. Y.,
Porter Wm., private, Company G, 1st Minn.,
Powers L., private, Company I, 27th N'. Y.,
Perry L. S., private, Company E, 2d Wis.,
Paden Vincent, citizen, Va.,
Patch D. R., private, Company G, 5th Mass.,
Parker H. C., private, Company A, 2d Wis.,
Pratt Benneal, corporal, Company A, 28th Penn.,
Perry C. F., hospital nurse, 4th Me.,
Pratt IH., private, Company H, 5th Me.,
Perkins J. D., private, Company B, 2d Me.,


N. Orleans.
Columbia.
Charleston.
Home.
Charleston.
N. Carolina.
Richmond.
Alabama.
4C
County Jail.
Alabama.
4c
Dead.
Alabama.
"46




APPENDIX.


337


Perkins H. D., private1 Company G, 1st R. I.,
Palmer J. H., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,
Perry W. A., sergeant, Com'pany G, 25th N. Y.,
Perkins H. L., private, Company I, 2d Maine,
Pleffler George, private, Company A, 1st Minn.,
Paris A. W., private, Company H, 2d Vt.,
Pitcher S. R., private, Company E, 2d Wis.,
Potter C. B., private, Company B, 18th N. Y.,
Palmer M. F., wagon-master, 8th Penn.,
Palmer W. P., corporal, Company I, 15th Penn.,
Pepper A. W., private, Company F, 13th N. Y.,
Pigott W., private, 4th Company, 18th N. Y.,
Pigott Geo., private, 4th Company, 13th N. Y.,
Proctor H. F., private, Company C, 1st Ohio,
Pleiterer F., private, Company B, 3d U. S.,
Powell E., citizen, Virginia,
Peacock Albert, citizen, Virginia,
Peters L., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Pardie H., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Pegash B., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,
Patterson A., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Palmer Thos., corporal, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Ploss Wm., private, Company G, 1st Cal.,
Palmer Thos., private, 4th Company, 1st Cal.,
Perkins John, private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Paynter Isaac, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Pohnaer Ford, private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Price S. J., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,
Price George K, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Parker H. T., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Putton M., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Pousland Thos. J., sergeant, 20th Mass.,
Pritchard J. H., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Pelton A. A., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Peacock A., private, Company K, 15th Mass.,
Preitt J., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Putman A. J., corporal, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Preston R., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,
Pryer J. H., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,
15


Alabama.
cC
N. Fairground.
Alabama.
it
Richmond.
Alabama.
<(
"a
Richmond.
C6
"i
"(
"(




338


APPENDIX.


Parmenter E. L., corporal, Company I, 15th Mass.,  Richmond.
Palmer W. H., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,        "
Place J. H., private, Company D, 20th Mass.,         c
Partridge A. H., private, Company D, 20th Mass.,     4
Powers John, private, Company G, 20th Mass.,        4
Powers W., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,  *
Perkins B. T., private, Company A, U. S. Marines,
Parker Thos. S., private, Company G, 1st Minn.,
Pratt James, private, Company C, 2d N. Y.,
Porter Chas., sailor, U. S. N.,                      (
Preston Chas., private, Company H, 3d Maine,         t
Peters Jeremiah, private, Company E, 69th N. Y.,
Padbury John, sergeant, Company C, 79th N. Y.,
Pratt M., private, Company C, 2d Vt.,             Home.
Parker Alex., private, Company C, 'th Ohio,     N. Orleans.
Pack Geo., citizen, Wayne Co., Va.,             Richmond.
Pack Saml., citizen, Kanawha Co., Va.,
Porter Thos. F., citizen, Wayne Co., Va.,            (
Porter T., private, Company G, 30th N. Y.,           <
Peck W., private, Company G, 30th N. Y.,             "
Porter W., private, Company G, 30th N. Y.,
Plaskett Jas., citizen, Virginia,
Plyborn Lewis, private, Company B, 9th Va.,          "
Peterman R., private, Company A, 9th Va.,            "
Powell W. E., private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Paine H. B., private, Company B, 9th Va.,            <
Paine W. W., private, Company B, 9th Va.,
Pollock G., citizen, Va.,                            (
Porter Lewis, private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Peyton Charles, private, Company A, 9th Va.,
Palmerston J. L., private, Company D, 11th Ohio,
Pool Robert, private, Company C, 11th Ohio,
Pettett Clinton, private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,
Piper Charles, private, Company M, 3d Penn. Cav.,
Parcells James A., private, Company F, 3d Penn. Cav., "
Phillipps John, private, Company F, 3d Penn. Cav.,   "
Pancost Saml., citizen, Hampshire Co., Va.,          "
Perry Danl., private, Company B, 32d N. Y.,          (
Price George S., private, Company B, 32d N. Y.,




APPENDIX,


339


Payne Uriah, private, Company A, 9th Virginia,  Richmond.
Quinn Richard, private, Company I, 8th Ohio,  N. Orleans.
Quinn C. C., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,         t
Quinn B., private, Company E, 69th N. Y.,       Alabama.
Quimby G. W., private, Company D, 4th Ohio,        i'
Quigg John, private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,      "
Quigley E., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,      Richmond.
Quinley John, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,      "
Quinn J., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,           "
Quinn Michael,. private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,     t
Quinan Michael, private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,     "
Quinell Pat., private, Company G, 20th Mass.,      t
Rodgers M., citizen, Va.,            County Jail,  tC
Russell Stephen, private, 3d Maine,                "
Rodman Isaac, private, Company E, 3d N. J.,        "
Reed E. L., private, Company H, 2d Wis.,           4
Root E. C., private, Company C, 7th Ohio, ~   N. Orleans.
Reynold S., private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,          "
Rodgers G. H., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,     9
Robertson A., sergeant, Company E, 4th Maine,      t
Redmond J., corporal, Company C, 2d Vt.,          it
Robinson Geo. C., private, Company B, 7th Ohio,
Rafferty J. C., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,      it
Rubicon F. A., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,       "
Rear S., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,             "
Rank A. P., sergeant, 1st Company, 15th Penn.,     "
Roush W., private, 1st Company, 15th Penn.,        t
Reynolds G. W., private, Ist Company, 15th Penn.,
Richardson W., private, Company G, 5th Maine,      4
Rice W. S., sergeant, Company K, 5th Maine,        "
Renne E., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,           (
Renouf Charles, private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,
Rallan T., private, Company B, U. S.,
Rich W. E., corporal, Company A, 2d Conn.,
Robertson A. B., private, Company I, 1st N. H.,
Ridge Charles, private, Company K, 2d N. H.,       6
Rhoder Henry, private, Company C, 2d Wis.,         4
Rief C. W., private, Company B, 1st Kentucky,      4
Reading G., private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,        a




340


APPENDIX.


Robinson J. H., private, Company C, 3d Vermont,  N. Orleans.
Rose Nathan, private, Company I, 2d Vermont,
Rowan T. S., private, Company C, 9th N. Y.,     Columbia.
Rice Jacob, private, Company I, 20th Indiana,       "
Ruff L., private, Company E, 20th Indiana,
Rieley L. H., private, Company E, 20th Indiana,
Raumage W. T., private, Company A, 6th Ohio,        c
Ryan James, private, Company E, 69th N. Y.,         4
Ruhland Lewis, private, Company D, 3d U. S.,        "
Richardson L. H., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,
Reed E. A., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,    Charleston.
Russell D., private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,
Reyland T., private, 5th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Reynolds John,' private, 7th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Rockafellow H., sergeant, Company H, 71st N. Y.,  Home.
Russell A. N., private, Company B, 1st Mich.,  Charleston.
Reynolds W. N., private, Company E, 1st Mich.,
Rainor T., private, Company G, 1st Mich.
Randolph W. G., private, Company C, 1st Minni,   Home.
Robb George, private, Company D, 2d Art. U. S.,    'c
Roach W., private, Company D, 2d Art. U. S., Deserter, Richmond.
Rosevalley M. L., surgeon, C. S. A.,  County Jail,  "
Rossberg G.,                                  N. Carolina.
Ross J., private, Company K, 2d Wis.,           Alabama.
Reed J. R., private, Company H, 2d Wis.,            '
Rodgers J., private, Company A, 13th Indiana,
Rosenmyer F., private, Company I, 1st Kentucky,
Radway Alonzo, private, Company I, 1st Kentucky,   4
Ropp Charles, private, Company I, 1st Kentucky,
Robinson G., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,
Rodgers James, private, Company F, 11th N. Y.,      "
Rich Charles, private, Company K, 7th Ohio,
Reander T., private, Company F, 13th N. Y.,         "
Ruhlman Charles, private, Company C, 7th Ohio,      i
Richardson R., private, Company C, 1st Minn.,       4
Robinson W. S., private, Company E, 3d Maine,
Raser M., private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,
Riely P., private, Company B, 3d U. S.,            4
Read T. F., private, Company A, 2d Maine,      Richmond.




APPENDIX.


341


Reich John, private, Company K, 1st Mich.,       Alabama.
Raymond A., private, Company K, 13th N. Y.,         4
Rodgers D., private, Company H, 1st N. J.,          "
Rosenblatt, private, Company B, 2d N. Y.,           "
Richmond F., private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,
Ryan W. B., musician, 2d R. I.,
Rodgers L. F., sergeant, Company F, 2d R. I.,       "
Rhodes George, private, Company C, 1st Mich.,
Rosenthal Steph., corporal, Maine,
Richie Martin, private, Company A, 3d N. Y.,    Richmond.
Russell J., private, Company G, 1st Minn.,       Alabama.
Reynolds J., private, Company D, 3d Mich.,      Richmond.
Robinson W. B., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,     "
Ross W., private, Company H, 38th N. Y.,
Rogers G., private, Company A, 5th Maine,        Alabama.
Rosenbeck F. S., private, Company H, 2d Maine,      "
Rowley E. W., private, Company K, 1st Minn.,        "
Rott A., private, Company I, 13th Indiana,          "
Ryan F., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,              u
Rea J. L., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,            "
Rice Thomas, private, Company I, 2d Maine,          4
Richmond H. H., private, Company C, 36th.. Y.,     "
Ramsay S., citizen, Virginia,                    Released.
Roley B., citizen, Virginia,                    Richmond.
Roley B., citizen, Virginia,                        4
Rigby James, private, Company E, 11th Mass..        "
Riely P., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,            "
Robinson E., corporal, Company A, 1st Cal.,         "
Rogers John, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Roberts W. H., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Riely John, corporal, Company H, 1st Cal.,          c
Russell J. H., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,        "
Ruoff G. F., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,          "
Readow Charles, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,       "
Reeks S. B., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,          "
Rely R., corporal, Company P, 1st Cal.,             "
Reamer W., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,            "
Reinhard G. W., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,       <
Runyan H. B., private, Company P, 1st Cal.,         4




342


APPENDIX.


Reddy Jeremiah, private, Company B, 30th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Roberts W., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,           (
Raybolt L. B., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,        "
Rawlings V., private, Company A, 20th Mass.,
Rhochon John, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,       4
Rice Albert, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,        "
Robert Fred., private, Company C, 20th Mass.,       6
Russell James, private, Company A, 20th Mass.,      "
Rugg Henry T., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,      C
Ross Thomas B., private, -Company A, 15th Mass.,    4
Reed John, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,            c
Richmond Duncan, private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,   4
Robins T. M., corporal, Company A, 15th Mass.,      9
Roach J., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,           t
Rindge D. F., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,       c
Rice E. A., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,         "
Ricky David, private, Company F, 15th Mass.,        4
Rockwood C. H., private, Company G, 15th Mass.,     "
Raeich H., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,          "
Raymond H. T., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,      4
Reeves S. R., sergeant, Company D, 20th Mass.,     c
Reed W. 0., private, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Rumble John, private, Company D, 20th Mass., '
Reed W. R., sergeant, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Rumney J. T., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Richards T. C., private, Company H, 20th Mass.,     u
Rudigen Charles, private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,    <
Revariz William, private, Company D., 14th N. Y.,
Rounds E. C., private, Company F, 2d R. I.,      Alabama.
Reynolds B., private, Company A, 69th N. Y.,        4
Rosenberg George, private, Company A, 13th N. Y.,   "
Rodman C., citizen, R. I.,
Rice T. L., private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,
Reed James, sergeant, Company E, 79th N. Y.,        "
Rice C. B., corporal, Company C, 2d Vt.,
Randold William, citizen, Va.,
Ragan Andrew, private, Company E, 20th Mass.,
Rowland N., private, Company E, 20th N. Y.,         a
Rily T., private, Company K, 20th N. Y.,




APPENDIX.


343


Rich E., private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,          Alabama.
Roller George, private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,       6
Reamlaugh A. S., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,       "
Reynolds Levi, private, Company F, 12th Ind.,
Ross Thomas, sergeant-major, 9th Va.,                (
Ray E. T., private, Company B, 9th Va.,
Ray T., private, Company B, 9th Va.,            Richmond.
Rouse J. H., citizen, Va.,   '                    Home.
Rich Theodore, private, Company H, 14th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Reed Joshua, private, Company F, 3d Penn.,
Runnels Charles, citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,       Home.
Riley James, private, Company C, 7th La., C. S. A., deserter,                                     Richmond.
Robbins S. G., private, Company E, 12th Ind.,        "
Rickhout R. S., corporal, Company E, 12th Ind.,      c
Reeves Samuel, citizen, Occoquan, Va.,              4
Smith William, private, 71st N. Y.,                Dead.
Smith T. B., private, 2d N. Y.,
Smith H., private, 11th N. Y., 2
Sallee T. F., private, 1st Maine,t
Slack F., private, 1st Conn.,                       i
Stiles E. R., sergeant, Company C, 7th Ohio,    N. Orleans.
Sullivan T., private, Company I, 69th N. Y.,         "
Steand H. W., private, Company B, 2d N. Y.,         4
Stetson T. T., private, Company C, 4th Me.,          "
Simmonds T. M., private, Company B, 27th N. Y.,      (
Smith E. C., private, Company I, 38th N. Y.,         "
Spader A. B., private, Company F, 1st Ohio,         C
Sullivan D., private, Company F, 1st Ohio,          4
Steward H. N., sergeant, Company E, 14th N. Y.,      "
Stowe H., teamster, Company E, 11th Mass.,           t
Sheppard T. B., private, Company F, 38th N. Y.,      "
Schiblin S., private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,        4
Shanley W., private, Company H, 5th Mass.,          4
Schleino W., private, Company H, 3d Conn.,           (
Stinson H. M., private, Company H, 5th Maine,       "
Sylvester G. W., private, Company A, 4th Maine,      t
Story H. B., private, Company B, 4th Maine,          t
Stout T. B., private, Company H, 27th N. Y.,        4




344


APPENDIX.


Seaman Thomas, private, Company G, 1st R. I.,  N. Orleans.
Simmonds S. B., private, Company F, 1st R. I.,
Sawyer W., private, Company B, 1st Conn.,,
Silvestra S., private, Company A, 4th Maine,       t
Sanger T., private, Company C, 3d Maine,          i
Sweeny B., private, Company I, 3'8th N. Y.,       4
Sweet George, private, Company E, 7th Ohio,       i
Shatto John, private, Company C, 7th Ohio,        4
Shelby J., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,          4
Snider T., private, Company I, 7th Ohio,          9
Scoville A., private, Company A, 7th Ohio,        4
Smith John, private, Company K, 7th Ohio,          "
Schaitz A., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,         i
Stahl Charles, private, Company K, 7th Ohio,      <
Smith J. R., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,        a
Smith A. E., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,        <
Stillwell F., private, Company E, 7th Ohio,       a
Smith S. H., private, Company D, 7th Ohio,        (
Smith John, private, Company D, 7th Ohio,         i
Siebart D. C., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,,c
Seymour W., private, Company C, 2d U. S.,          t
Starkey H. P., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,    C
Sayler A., private, Company A, 15th Penn.,         "
Sebastion C. W., private, Company A, 2d N. H.,    (
-Slemons John, private, Company E, U. S. M.,       t
Sawyer George, private, Company K, 2d N. H.,.
Steward T., private, Company G, 12th Ohio,
Smith E., private, Company K, 2d U. S.,
Sprague Allen, private, Company E, 3d Me.,
Schoffer, P., private, Company B, 26th Ohio,
Schultz V., private, Company B, 11th N. Y.,       (
Shiveller E., private, Company B, 11th N. Y.,
Staltenhump W., private, Company B, 1st Ky.,
St. Clair W. H., private, Company H, 13th Ohio,
Sparkes J. W., private, Company I, 20th Ind.,  Columbia.
Smith J. B., private, Company K, 20th Ind.,       4
Sackett F. B., private, Company H, 20th Ind.,     "
Shoop Jacob, private, Company H, 20th Ind.,       (
Stickly William, private, Company C, 20th Ind.,   4




APPENDIX.


345


Shneider E., private, Company H, 20th Ind.,      Columbia.
Shrack C., private, Company H, 20th Ind.,
Spoonmore Thomas H., private, Company F, 15th Ind., "
Stephens, R. F., private, Company F, 2d N. H.,
Stinson James, private, Company E, 7th Ohio,         "
Stacy John, private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,
Shea John, private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,
Smith W., citizen, Va.,                         Charleston.
Smyth F., citizen, Va.,               County Jail, Richmond.
Soldger -, private, Company E, 2d U. S., N. Fairground,                                          t
Stitz J., private, Company G, 1st Mich.,        Charleston.
Simmons Fred., private, Company I, 1st Mich.,        "
Stewart Gee. C., bugler, 1st Mich.,                 t
Serials T. D., private, Company C, 1st Mich.,        (
Swaitman D., private, Company E, 1st Mich.,         i
Starkweather J. H., private, Company A, 1st Mich.,  "
Steward W., corporal, Company G, 14th N. Y.,  N. Fairground.
Swift O. H., private, Company A, 8th N. Y.,       Home.
Stephenson Wm., private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,      "
Sandell E., private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,     Charleston.
Scott J., private, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,          c
Southerland R., private, 7th Company, 79th N. Y.,    "
Stewart Robt., private, 2d Company, 79th N. Y.,
Scotts S., private, 3d Company, 79th N. Y.,
Streeter Gee., private, Company H, 2d Vt.,        Home.
Sullivan D. C., corporal, Company K, 2d N. J.,       (
Shurtleff A. F., corporal, Company D, 1st R. I.,    "
Stephenson Wm., private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,      "
Sullivan E.,                                    N. Orleans.
Serilan Thos. J.,                                    "
Spade Chris.,                                       "
Southale F.,                                        "
Schieffer F. L., private, Company F, 6th Ohio,  Richmond.
Sweeny Ed., private, Engineer Corps, 69th N. Y.,    "
Severance W., private, Company G, 2d Maine,      Alabama.
Strump A. F., private, Company E, 25th Ohio,        "
Shoking John, private, Company D, 1st Ky.,          "
Shatzman J., private, Company D, 1st Ky.,
15*




346


APPENDIX.


Shlatterbock C., private, Company I, 15th Indiana,  Alabama.
Searles W. A., sergeant, Company I, 1st Mass.,
Stinson E. K., private, Company f, 1st Mass.,
Speed Joseph, private, Company H, 2d Mo.,
Shorton D., private, Company B, 69th N. Y., j
Shipper D. G., private, Company B, 2d R. I.,
Strasenah, private, Company C, 31st N. Y.,
Savage Wm., private, Company I, 2d N. Y.,            "
Schnittka H., private, Company E, 2d Ohio,
Stiver M., private, Company E, 14th N. Y.,           (
Schemmilfleming J., private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,  "
Slember J. C., private, Company F, 71st N. Y.,.
Smith G. W., private, Company H, 71st N. Y.,
Sands T. H. H., private, Company F, 71st N. Y.,
Straight W. C., sergeant, Company I, 38th N. Y.,
Steveman John, private, Company I, 15th N. Y.,
Scharf Albt., private, Company C, 38th N. Y.,
Spamer J., private, Company C, 11th Mass.,           <
Smith Cyrus, private, Company C, 1st Minn.,
Stroud Horace, private, Company E, 2d Wis.,
Schartz Augustus, private, Company C, 2d U. S.,      "
Sullivan Thos., private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Sweeny Edward, private, Company G, 38th N. Y.,      I
Swiss T. W., private, Company D, 25th Ohio,      Alabama.
Stiver J. E., private, Company I, 13th Indiana,      "
Smith John, private, Company I, 13th Indiana,        C
Seiburt M., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,       Richmond.
Smith O. M., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,       Alabama.
Schrentzer 0., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,        4
Smith Lewis, private, Company E, 41st N. Y.,
Smith W., private, Company I, 1st Mich.,            6
Smith C. D., private, Company C, 1st R. I.,     Richmond.
Smith A. F., private, Company F, 2d R. I.,       Alabama.
Stitson G. A., forage master, 2d R. I.,             (
Scribner 11. H., private, Company H, 2d Maine,  Richmond.
Spaulding F. F., private, Company C, 2d Maine,   Alabama.
Swikart N., private, Company A, 1st Ohio,           "
Schafto R. H., private, Company B, 8th N. Y.,   Richmond.
Squires Chauncy, private, Company G, 1st Minn.,  Alabama.




APPENDIX.


347


Smith W. P., private, Company I, 2d Wis.,       Richmond.
Starr P., private, Company B, 27th N. Y.,           4
Stall H. B., sergeant, Company A, 18th N. Y.,.       "
Streeter P. A., private, Company C, 2d Vt.,         4
Stickney D. K., private, Company D, 2d Vt.,         C
Schaffer G. W., corporal, Company F, 13th Ohio,      "
Shaw Charles, private, Company H, 18th N. Y.,        "
Shirod L. W., private, Company C, 1st R. I.,     Alabama.
Shaw T. A., private, Company G, 5th Mass.,           "
Small David, private, Company I, 11th N. Y.,        4
Smith Thos., private, Company A, 27th N. Y.,        c
Sumner W., private, Company K, 38th N. Y.,      Richmond.
Slemer G., corporal, U. S. M.,                   Alabama.
Smith George R., private, Company D, 88th N. Y.,     t
Storey D., private, Company C, 2d Wis.,         Richmond.
Stinson T., private, Company E, 2d Wis.,         Alabama.
Shears D., citizen, Virginia,                   Richmond.
Smith T. M., citizen, Virginia,                     4
Stanson A. C., citizen, Virginia,                   4
Short Samuel, citizen, Virgini?                  Released.
Stiles John, citizen, Virginia,                 Richmond.
Stiles Wm., citizen, Virginia,                      4
Stiles Joel, citizen, Virginia,                    Dead.
Stiles Polcarper, citizen, Virginia,            Richmond.
Stiles Joshua, citizen, Virginia,                    "
Scalby Daniel, citizen, Virginia,                  <4
Sullivan T., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,        tC
Sullivan E., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,         9
Sullivan E., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,          "
Somerville Thos., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,    "
Soreing L., private, Company E, 42d N. Y.,           t
Sullivan 0., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,          "
Schlessinger A., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,     "
Sykes George, private, Company A, 42d N. Y., 7
Smith T. G., private, Company H, 42d N. Y.,          t
Staal G., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,             <
Stackhirer Thomas, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,     "
Snider G. C., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,          t
Siminons J. I., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,       "




348


APPENDIX.


Stokes John, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,        Richmond.
Standing Richard, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Snider Oliver,, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,
Songster W., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,            "
Scott W. T., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,            4
Smith S., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,
Schornmaster H., corporal, Company L, 1st Cal.,       "
Skimitt W. J., corporal, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Street C. B., corporal, Comapany N, 1st Cal.,
Simmons A. H., corporal, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Swiger George, private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Sheekan J. C., private, Company I, 1st Cal.,
Seymour Joseph, private, Company I, 1st Cal.,
Sullivan W., private, Company I, 1st Cal.,
Spellbrinke A. T., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Smyth Charles, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,         "
Schath Frederick, private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Sleak W., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,
Schurtz E. P., private, Company I, 1st Cal.,          "
Stokes Thomas, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,          "
Schaffer W. H., sergeant, Company A, 1st Cal.,       46
Simpson John, private, Company L, 1st Cal.,           "
Slonacker W. H., sergeant, Company H, 1st Cal.,       "
Smith W. H., private, Company A, 20th Mass.,          "
Smith James, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,          4
Schniter George, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,      4
Smith John, private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Sullivan T. 0., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,       4
Smith Alfred F., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,      "
Smith C. N., corporal, Company D, 15th Mass.,         "
Stone L. A., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Stevens C. A., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,        4
Sullivan J., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Smith B., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Slayton H., private,-Company F, 15th Mass.,
Stone F. P., sergeant, Company G, 15th Mass.,         "
Stephens Thomas, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Sandback Joseph, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Sawyer W. B., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,,




APPENDIX.


849


Shaw H., private, Company A, 20th Mass.,        Richmond.
Schlecker T., private, Company C, 20th Mass.,        "
Simster W. H., private, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Smith George, private, Company E, 20th Mass.,        ^
Skinner E., private, Company I, 20th Mass.,  *
Shotoff B., private, Company E, 1st Cavalry, U. S.,
Shears 0. W., hospital steward, 1st Maine,           <
Steabel M., private, Company K, 11th N. Y.,
Sherelew Joseph, private, Company F, 11th Mass.,    "
Seamen Henry, private, Company D, 2d Wis.,           "
Sweat C., private, Company A, 1st Minn.,             (
Schneider W., private, Company A, 1st Maine,        4
Stevenson W., private, 8th Company, 79th N. Y.,     9
Steward William, private, Company C, U. S. Marines,  "
Shaw F., private, Company G, 4th Maine,             (
Stafford H., private, Company G, 1st R. I.,
Snow R., private, Company E, 1st Maine,          Alabama.
Southard J., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,       Richmond.
Stesen C., private, Company F, 2d N. H.,             "
Smith Hubbard, corporal, Company A, 1st Mich.,      4
Shatto George, private, Company D, 4th Maine,    Alabama.
Surupson William, private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Shaughnessy Edward, private, Company D, 69th N. Y.,  "
Scott W. H., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,      N. Orleans.
Smith A. B., private, Company G, 14th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Stover Francis, citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,             (
Stover Samson, citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,              (
Stover Richard, citizen, Boone Co., Va.,             "
Stevenson R. K., citizen, Cabel Co., Va.,            c
Scuroborough Isaac, citizen, Fayette Co., Va.,      6
Shary William, private, Company H, 26th N. Y.,      6
Smith H., private, Company I, 30th N. Y.,           4
Stafford H., private, Company G, 30th N. Y.,         t
Simmons H., private, Company I, 80th N. Y.,         4
Staunton Cole, private, Company E, 80th N. Y.,       c
Stale J., private, Company E, 30th N. Y.,          "i
Stickles H. S., private, Company K, 30th N. Y.,      "
Stout R. K., private, Company C, 13th Ind.,         4
Swikart G., corporal, Company F, 12th Ind.,          6




350


APPENDIX.


~Shoemale Benjamin, private, Company A, 9th Va.,  Richmond.
Smith Hamilton, citizen, Va.,                       6
Shoemale W., private, Company H, 9th Va.,           C
Stevens Henry, private, Company B, 9th Va.,         6,
Scites Thomas, private, Company A, 9th Va.,         66
Swansenger L., private, Company A, 9th Va.,          "
Stewart J. B., corporal, Company A, 11th Ohio,      6
Shawar Pat., private, Company M, 3d Cavalry, Penn.,
Sheppard Samuel, private, Company F, 3d Cavalry, Penn., "
Sullivan Daniel, private, Company M, 3d Cavalry, Penn.,  "
Sullivan J., private, 17th Va., C. S. A.,
Schraw Henry, private, Company A, 45th N. Y.,
Smellinger Michael, private, Company A, 45th N. 1.,
Stevenson W. H., private, Company K, 8th La., C. S. A.,  "
Smith Charles, Lieutenant's son, Company F, 5th N. Y.,  "
Solger Henry, private, Company E, 2d Art., U. S., traitor, "
Scott James A., corporal, Company B, 10th Penn.,     "
Spor Mathias, private, 5th Wis.,                     "
Smith, sailor, Bark Ellen,
Thomas E. M., private, Company D, 1st Maine,       Dead.
Tobias Samuel, private, Company I, 19th N. Y.,       (
Trowbridge C. E., private, Company H, 2d Wis.,       "
Truxal J., private, Company D, 25th Ohio,            "
Tape Robert, private, Company E, 2d N. Y.,      N. Orleans.
Thornton Robert, private, Company E, 11th Mass.,     "
Tabee M., private, Company H, 3d Maine,              6C
Thompson G. W., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,        "
Thomas R., private, Compahy C, 23d Ohio,            4
Thompson D. A., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,        "
Thomas Joseph, private, Company I, 15th Penn.,       t
Thukusa G. W., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,      &
Teir S. M., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,          "
Tattersall E., private, Company F, 2d U. S.,         "
Tibbett F. L., private, Company B, 5th Mass.,        "
Tucker F., private, Company C, 2d N. H.,             "
Toda W., private, Company K, 38th N. Y.,            i
Trunt J., private, Company H, 13th Ohio,            t6
Thalin A., private, Company C, 26th Ohio,            "
Turner J. J., corporal, Company C, 9th N. Y.,    Columbia.




APPENDIX.


851


Tuttle E., private, Company H, 9th N. Y.,       Columbia.
Tuttle J. H., private, Company I, 1st Minn.,       "
Trotta Frank, private, Company H, 9th N. Y.,       4
Tracher E., private, Company I, 1st Minn.,         4
Ticknal Augustus, private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,  4
Trevatt R., private, Company I, 4th Maine,         4
Thompson Peter, private, Company I, 27th N. Y.,    4
Trush John F., private, Company O, 1st R. I.,      I
Teliza John, private, Company G, 1st N. Y.,  N. Fairground.
Tuttle J. G., private, Company B, 1st Mich.,  Charleston.
Trash T. N., private, Company G, 1st Mich.,        "
Trumond C. S., private, Company G, 1st Mich.,
Taylor B., private, Company G, 38th N. Y,       Home.
Thomas T., private, Company I, 79th N. Y.,    Charleston.
Tryan D. H., private, 8th Company, 79th N. Y.,     "
Tamillyn A., private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,       "
Taylor J. F., private, Company D, 11th N. Y.,
Taylor J. H., private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,      "
Telghun Henry, private,                    North Carolina.
Taylor Edward, citizen, Ohio,                  Richmond.
Tuttle Christopher, corporal, Company I, 1st Ky.,  Alabama.
Tole L. W., private, Company I, 5th Maine,         "
Tyack Solomon, private, Company I, 11th N. Y.,     "
Thompson D. A., private, Company C, 79th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Thompkins E., private, Company G, 71st N. Y.,   Alabama.
Thompkins B. D., private, Company C, 71st N. Y.,
Thiery H., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,
Turner Charles, private, Company B, 1st Minn.,,
Tuttle L. B., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Thoburn Wm., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Thorp G. W., private, Company F, 19th Ind., a
Thuman H., private, Company F, 47th Ohio,          "
Tennison H., citizen, Va.,                     Richmond.
Thompson A., musician, 11th Mass.,                it
Torey J., private, Company I, 11th Mass.,          t
Tyler John, private, Company D, 38th N. Y.,        "
Taylor W., fifer, Company E, 2d Wis.,              "
Tucker C., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,         4
Taylor B., private, Company F, 2d Vt.,            r6




852


APPENDIX.


Tibbetts C. W., private, Company K, 27th N. Y., murdered by the sentinel,                        Dead.
Tucker W. H., corporal, Company I, 2d N. Y.,   Richmond.
Trail W., private, Company D, 27th N. Y.,           4
Tripp Ira, steward, 8th Penn.,                      c
Theabern T. A., private, Company D, 69th N. Y.,  Alabama.
Tweedie A., private, 7th Company, 79th N. Y.,
Thornton W., private, Company D, 1st Mich.,
Thornton G., citizen, Va.,                      Richmond.
Turner J., citizen, Va.,                            4
Turner T. B., citizen, Va.,                         u
Turner T. D., citizen, Va.,
Turner J. L., citizen, Va.,
Turner W. R., citizen, Va.,
Tyndale R. E., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,        4
Thurgland H., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,         c
Tetler James, private, Company D, 20th Mass.,       C
Thomson W., private, Company E, 20th Mass.,         "
Tapp Benjamin, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,      4
Thomson D., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,          4
Taylor J. B., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Thompson J. B., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Taylor W. A., private, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Thayer R., private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Tousey, private, Company A, 20th Mass.,
Talcott R. H. L., sergeant, Company D, 20th Mass.,
Tibbetts H., private, Company H, 2d N. Y.,
Taylor James, private, Company K, 2d Wis.,
Ten Eyck M. H., private, Company E, 14th N. Y.,
Ten Eyck C., private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,
Trim J., private, Company H, 4th Maine,        N. Orleans.
Townsend, corporal, Company I, 43d N. Y.,        Alabama.
Trowbridge Peter, waiter,
Tillman, corporal, Company K, De Kalb reg't, N. Y.,  Richmond.
Tuoffer C., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,          4
Thomas Sanford, citizen, Va.,                       C
Thomas M., citizen, Va.,                            "
Tale G. W., private, Company, A, 9th Va.,           c
Tambett John, private, Company A, 9th Va.,          t




APPENDIX.


353


Teet J. W., private, Company A, 9th Va.,        Richmond.
Teen W. J., private, Company A, 9th Va.,            "
Tappy F. J., private, Company D, 1st Art. U. S., deserter, Released.
Tricker Isaac, private, Company C, 1st Minn.,   Richmond.
Underhill A. M., private, Company G, 11th N. Y.,  Charleston.
Upham W. H., private, Company F., 2d Wis.,      Richmond.
Upham Charles W., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,  Dead.
Underwood P. F., private, Company H, 15th Mass.,  Richmond.
Vanderhoof Charles, private, Company F, 2d N. Y.,  N. Orleans.
Vanolkenberg W. S., private, Company F, 27th N. Y.,
Vogully Wm., corporal, Company I, 9th Mass.,
Vanbel H. C., private, U. S.,                   Columbia.
Van Horn A, private, Company H, 20th Ind.,
Van Fleet Thos., private, Company I, 1st Ky.,
Vought J., 1st U. S. A.,                       Discharged.
Veneables Charles E., private, Company B, 8th N. Y.,  Home.
Vanhorn L. F., private, Company B, 11th N. Y.,  Charleston.
Vanness C., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,     Richmond.
Vassal B. B., lieutenant, Company H, 15th Mass.,   4
Van Horn W., private, Company D, 14th N. Y.,     Alabama.
Vandeger Sam., private, Company I, 88th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Vandresser H., private, Company K, 27th N. Y.,      "
Vanalstine W., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,      "
Vedder C., private, Company H, 13th N. Y.,       Alabama.
Vanarner H., private, Company K, 88th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Vanhouser W., private, 5th Company, 79th N. Y.,     t
Vaughn Bushrod, private, Company D, 71st N. Y.,     1
Van Aiken, private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Vance John, private, Company G, 1st Cal.,           9
Vana John, Company G, 1st Cal.,
Veach C. M., citizen, Virginia,
Vanmeter Solomon, citizen, Virginia,
Vissor J., citizen, Virginia,
Vibbart H., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,         "
Vogel H., corporal, Company C, 20th Mass.,
Van Buskirk Clinton, citizen, Kentucky,
Vandergreen, corporal, Company I, 30th N. Y.,
Veal Nathan, private, Company E, 15th Mass.,
Vittelo A., private, Company A, 9th Va., 2




354


APPENDIX.


Vanhost Henry, private, Company D, 63d Penn.,   Richmond.
Yater Gutleff, private, Company A, 45th N. Y.,     46
White A. T., private, 1st R. I.,                  Dead.
Williams John, private, 13th N. Y.,                 (
Wild S., 11th Mass.,
Wilpin Charles, private, Company A, 71st N. Y.,  N. Orleans.
Warren L., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,            "
Wills S., private, Company E, 27th N. Y.,           "
Wise George W., private, Company E, 1st Ohio,       "
Whitcomb W., private, Company C, 1st Mass.,
Willey S., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,          "
Woodcock M. L., private, Company C, 4th Maine,
Woolsencraft, private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,
Winslow L. F., private, Company B, 5th Maine,
Welch J., private, Company B, 3d Maine,
Wilcoxen F. F., sergeant, Company E, 7th Ohio,      u
Wheeler W. W., private, Company C, 7th Ohio,
Wilderson R., private, Company A, 7th Ohio,
Wolf T., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,              "
Williams F., private, Company A, 7th Ohio,          i
Waley M. H., private, Company A, 7th Ohio,          "
Wood H., musician, Company D, 7th Ohio,             "
Wright R. H., private, Company F, 27th N. Y.,       "
Wheeler T. F., private, Company A, 2d N. H.,        "
White M., private, Company A, 2d U. S.,             t
West G. W., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,         t
Williams J., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,        "
Woolag J., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,          4
Walter T. W., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,       i
Wilson T., private, Company I, 15th Penn.,          t
Weeler H. L., private, Company C, 5th Mass.,        t
Wheeler E. J., private, Company C, 5th Mass.,
Wardwell C. F., private, Company G, 5th Mass.,
Wise S., private, Company K, 1st Wis.,
Whiteman J. II., private, Company., 2d N. H.,      t
Weed George, private, Company A, 3d Conn.,          (
Wright C., private, Company G, 3d U. S.,
Wallrode L., private, Company H, 2d N. H.,
Wood A. S., private, Company A, U. S.,              "




APPENDIX.                     355
Williams T. D., private, Company C, 3d Penn.,  N. Orleans.
Williams G., private, Company E, U. S.,             "
Wing C., private, Company B, 26th N. Y.,            "
Winslow Paul, private, Company B, 26th N. Y.,       4
Wesenbeck Henry, private, Company K, 7th Ohio,-     4
Wallace H. M., private, Company B, 26th Ohio,       (
Williams G. W., private, Company B, 7th Ohio,       "
Ward George W., private, Company D, 2d Ohio,        4
Wade G. B., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,         "
Wendell W. P., private, Company H, 20th Indiana,  Columbia.
Wilkinson H. C., private, Company F, 20th Indiana,
Walson H., sutler's clerk, 20th Indiana,            "
Wilson John, private, Company I, 15th Indiana,
Wolfkill N. K., private, Company C, 13th Ohio,      (
Ward Isaac, private, Company C, 13th Ohio,
Wilson Ira, private, Company C, 11th N. Y.,         t
Walsh Robt., private, Company A, 11th Ohio,         "
Wyman Thos., private, Company C, 2d U. S.,          "
Walker Ed., private, Company H, 11th N. Y.,         4
Washburn H. B., private, Company H, 4th Maine,      i
Woodburg W. A., private, Company H, 2d Vt.,      Home.
Wise T. T., private, Company F, 11th N. Y.,    Charleston.
Wherry R., private, 7th Company, 79th N. Y.,        "
Wate Chas. L., private, 7th Company, 79th N. Y.,    (
Wilson N. H., sergeant, Company F, 2d N. Y.,     Home.
Wellman T. J., sergeant, Company A, 71st N. Y.,     4
Warner T. F., private, Company C, 13th N. Y.,       4
Wiseman T., teamster, 1st Mich.,               Charleston.
Whitcomb C. W., sergeant, Company C, 1st Mich.,     4
Walker N., sergeant, Company C, 1st Mich.,          t
Wirts T. H., private, Company F, 4th Mich.,         "
Widgeon L. L., surgeon, C. S. A.,             County Jail.
Wilson Henry,                                 N. Carolina.
Welsh George,
Wade W. S., private, Company G, 2d Maine,      Richmond.
Willis W. H., sergeant, 1st Art. U. S.,             "
White Charles, private, Company I, 12th Ohio,       (
Williams L. H., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,  Alabama.
Wilkens F. N., private, Company E, 11th N. Y.,




356


APPENDIX.


"Wice W., private, Company B, 38th N. Y.,        Alabama.
Welch L. R., private, Company D, 8th Ohio,          "
Wiggens L., private, Company E, 14th N. Y.,         "
West H., private, Company D, 2d N. H.,
Wilcoxen 0., private, Company D, 2d Wis.,           t
"Wallace Rich., private, Company G, 69th N. Y.,  Richmond.
Walker W. H., private, Company H, 2d N. H.,      Alabama.
Water P., private, Company K, 38th N. Y.,
Wright H. C., private, Company A, 1st Minn.,        <
White H. W., private, Company H, 5th Maine,
White M., private, Company H, 3d U. S.,  '       ichmond.
Withim T. W., private, Company F, 2d Maine,      Alabama.
Whelan John, private, Company F, 11th Mass.,
Whitonsky J., private, Company K, 1st Ohio,
Welsh Wm., private, Company H, 27th N. Y.,
Welen S., private, Company I, 8th Ohio,
Welan W. C., private, Company I, 8th Ohio,          "
Wilson F., private, Company I, 8th Ohio,
Wigand C., private, Company I, 13th Indiana,
Williams T., corporal, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Warner W., private, Company I, 13th Indiana,
Weazel W., private, Company I, 6th Ohio,
Whitcomb O. W., private, Company E, 2d Maine,       "
Workmeister J., private, Company E, 41st N. Y.,
Worthington L., private, Company C, Ky. Cav.,
Worn Sol., private, Company G, 27th N. Y.,      Richmond.
Willis T., private, Company D, 5th Me.,          Alabama.
Warner J. F., private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,
Weise J. H., private, Company C, 14th N. Y.,
White John, private, Company H, 1st Minn.,
Watrous E., private, Company F, 27th N. Y.,
Whitmore P. B., sailor, U. S. N.,
Wallace W. B., sailor, U. S. N.,
Welsh R., private, Company A, 2d Wis.,
Weed H. C., private, Company E, 2d Wis.,
Warner E. H., private, Company F, 27th N. Y.,
Wheeler J. R., private, Company C, 2d Art. U. S.
Williams E. J., private, Company F, 5th Mass.,  Richmond.
Webster M., corporal, Company I, 19th N. Y.,     Alabama.
Wilkinson J. F., privatf Company G, 2d R. I.,




APPENDIX.


Walker Thomas, private, 9th Company, 79th N. Y.,  Alabama.
Warren R., private, Company H, 11th Mass.,           4
Wilkinson J. F., private, Company B, 2d Conn.,       c
Whitacker D. W., private, Company F, 71st N. Y.,  Richmond.
"Wilder Anthony, private, Company E, 38th N. Y.,  Alabama.
Workman Wm., citizen, Va.,                       Richmond.
Wall Harrison, citizen, Va.,                         "
Wood W. B., citizen, Va.,                         Released.
Wood J. B., citizen, Va.,                            4
Watrous D. W., citizen, Va.,                         "
Walker G. W., citizen, Penn.,                    Richmond.
Williams Alex., citizen, Va.,                     Released.
Wilson Arthur, citizen, Va.,                     Richmond.
White Robert, citizen, Va.,                       Released.
Waltz T., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,         Richmond.
Wigham C., private, Company C, 42d N. Y.,            (,
Wert Peter, private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,           4
Welsh W. T., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,,t
Wallace W., private, Company K, 42d N. Y.,           "
Wilson John, private, Company A, 42d N. Y.,)
Wright Thomas, private, Company G, 42d N. Y.,        4
Wiser George, corporal, Company A, 42d N. Y.,        9
Wallin George F., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,      i
Wilkerson W., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Whitehouse Thomas, private, Company H, 1st Cal.,
Willman H. A., private, Company H, 1st Cal.,         t
Walk Fred., private, Company L, 1st Cal.,
Weingateman C., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Walk J. M., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Wingate W., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Weaver H. C., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Wild Charles, private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Wharterby W. H., private, Company N, 1st Cal.,
Wheyson Thomas F., private, Company A, 1st Cal.,
Wallace Joseph, private, Company G, 1st Cal.,        9
Wise John, sergeant, Company P, 1st Cal.,            9
Wipple Jacob, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,        9
White J. E., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,         9
Watson G. H,, private, Company A, 15th Mass.,        4




358


APPENDIX.


Wood George, private, Company A, 15th Mass.,     Richmond.
Wenler H., private, Company D, 15th Mass.,
Whitmore H. F., private, Company B, 15th Mass.,
Wilder C. H., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Whitney W. B., private, Company A, 15th Mass.,
Wallace D. 0., corporal, Company C, 15th Mass.,
Woodward Theodore, private, Company C, 15th Mass.,  Dead.
Ward Artemus D., private, Company F, 15th Mass.,  Richmond.
Wingate G. W., corporal, Company G, 15th Mass.,
Williams T. S., private, Company H, 15th Mass.,
Walker George, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Ward Hiram, private, Company I, 15th Mass.,
Weston R. W., sergeant, Company A, 20th Mass.,
Woodman Daniel, private, Company H, 20th Mass.,
Waldron Alfred B., private, Company H, 1st R..,  Alabama.
Weatherby F., private, Company C, 2d N. H.,        Dead.
Ward Daniel, private, 3d Company, 79th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Wait John, private, 3d Company, 79th N. Y.,          "
Wilson John, corporal, Company F, 11th N. Y.,        "
Williamson N. F., private, Company F, 14th N. Y.,
Walsh M. G., private, Company F, 69th N. Y.,
Williams H. H., sergeant, 1st Minn.,
Webber Charles, private, Company E, 7th Ohio, Richmond Hospital.
Wood D. B., private, Company K, 5th Me.,         Richmond.
Wilmer Eugene, private, Company C, 1st Minn.,
Webster A. H., private, Company E, 79th N. Y.,       '
Winferto George, private, Company C, 2d Ohio,
Weatherill E., corporal, 1st Company, 79th N. Y.,  Dead.
Walkuh, citizen, Va.,
Wright K. M., private, Company E, 20th N. Y.,    Richmond.
Wheeler P. H., private, Company I, 23d N. Y.,     Alabama.
Wills Wm. citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,                Released.
Wills S. J., citizen, Rolla Co., Va.,            Richmond.
Witcher Daniel, citizen, Wayne Co., Va.,
Williams Isaac, citizen, Fayette Co., Va.,        Released.
Webster F., sergeant, Company A, 30th N. Y.,     Richmond.
White W. B., corporal, Company E, 30th N. Y.,
Wheeler R., private, Company B, 30th N. Y.,
Weston Wm., citizen, Va.,                         Released.




APPENDIX.


359


Williams John H., private, Company E, 15th Mass.,  Richmond.
Waite Samuel, private, 1st Cav. Va.,                c
Wood J. E., First Lieutenant, Company A, 9th Va.,    t
Ward Daniel, private, Company A, 9th Va.,           "
Wilson Solomon, private, Company A, 9th Va.,         "
Winal Henry, citizen, Va.,                       Released.
Wharter John H., private, Company A, 9th Va.,   Richmond.
Wright James, private, Company A, 9th Va.,           "
White A. G., citizen, Va.,                        Released.
Woohern Daniel, private, Company A, 9th Va.,    Richmond.
William George, private, Company A, 2d N. Y.,        (
Walker H., sergeant, Company F, 2d Penn.,
Willis J. M., sergeant, Company M, 2d Penn. Cav.,   i
Wing James, corporal, Company M, 2d Penn. Cav.,     i
Wright Robert, private, Company F, 2d Penn. Cav.,   9
Williams William H., citizen, Fairfax Co., Va.,     cc
Westcott H. S., corporal, Company E, 12th Indiana,
Ward Wm., C. S. A.,.
Waldron Thomas, citizen, Occoquan, Va.,             1
Willis J. H., sergeant, 1st Art. N. Y.,
Williamson W. H., private, Company A, 2d Art. N. Y.,  "
Washburn A. D., mate, brig Ellinore,
Yittle T. A., private, Company I, 13th Penn.,      Dead.
Yeager William, private, Company I, 13th Penn.,      "
Young C. F., private, Company C, 27th N. Y.,    N. Orleans.
Yitzman A., private, Company K, 7th Ohio,            "
Yenman Michael, private, Company H, 1st Minn.,
Young D., private, Company D, 1st R. I.,         Alabama.
Yeager M., private, Company I, 1st R. L,             'c
Yimmanian John, private, Company D, 6th Ohio,       i
Young A. J., private, Company H, 1st Minn.,     Richmond.
Yates J. H., private, Company F, 27th N. Y., )
Yeager A. C., corporal, Company C, 1st Cal.,        c
Young E., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,             c
Yepper J. H., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,         c
Yepp Thomas, private, Company D, 1st Cal.,          c
Yannage Francis, private, Company C, 20th Mass.,,
Yates G., private, Company C, 1st Cal.,             44
Lane M., private, Company D, 1st Cal.,               I