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I








A GRAMMAR
OF THE
MAGUINDANAO TONGUE


ACCORDING TO THE MANNER OF
SPEAKING I'T
IN
THE INTERIOR AND ON THE SOUTH
COAST OF T-HE ISLANI OF MIN)ANAO.
'IRANSIATI7I) IF ROM TH'I- SPANISHt
REfV. ATHIIER J. JUANMARTI, ORD(IR O01 JiSIITS,
By C. C. SMIT- I,
CAPTAIN I ( UTJR 'I.NTI I 1. S. CAVALXRY.
WASHINGTON:
GOVlERNMl.NT PR'IN IIN;G O ICE.
191)6.




WAR I)EPA I!TI!ENT,
Ikwcunient No. 270,
()OFFICE,'i, OF  (111IEl'   FS' A'I'AFF.




TRANSLATOR'S REMARKS.


On taking up the work of translating a Moro grammar, the
only book there was to follow, at least the only one that callme to
the hands of the undersigned, was a small, brief affair. called
"Gramatica de la Lengua Maguindanao ', by Jacinto Juanmarti.
Jesuit.
The work was undertaken with a view to learning something
of Moro. The dialect of the Maguindanaos of the Cottabato district, and that of the Lanaos of the lake region is quite similar,
and it is believed that the grammar of the former, treated of in
these pages, will suffice for the latter. The vocabulary of one is
slightly different, however, from that of the other.
In the last paragraph of the preface the author states that in
the final pages of the book there is a vocabulary of Spanish,
Moro, and Malay. For this, one of English, Maguindanao, and
Malay will be substituted in the translation.
The translator is well aware that this pamphlet is not free front
errors, and the apology offered is that he has put his best efforts
on it with the idea, and the hope, that it may be improved upon
by some one else.
A few notes have been added by the undersigned.
C. C. SMITH,
Captain, 14th Cavalry,
Translator.
CAMP OVERTON, MIND., P. I.,
March 31, 1905.


(3)




II




PREFACE (AUTHOR'S).


In taking up my pen to write a grammar of the Moro tongue,
I see that many difficulties may arise to prevent my object from
being attained-difficulties common to all tongues which have
not been polished or improved by printing.
This is one of those tongues not much known, and in which
scarcely any manuscripts exist, save a few poorly kept notebooks
which serve the Moros of these districts to transmit among themselves the usages and customs of the dialect. Such notebooks
are generally written in a brief style, after the manner of letters
which pass between them, in both of which much rudeness prevails, and which are written with no little work or difficulty.
The scarcity of writings in this tongue, and the incorrectness
of those that exist, make it difficult and almost impossible to
compose a grammar which shall be full and perfect. Grammar
being the conjunction of rules for proper speaking, it will be
seen that it is not easy to obtain these rules by listening to the
natives, as each one pronounces, more or less, after his own
inclination.
Time and constancy, with observation and experience of some
years as to the mode of expressing Moro ideas, has made it possible to use the rules put down in this grammar. The Malay
language, somewhat like the Visayan and Moro, both of which
recognize it as a mother tongue, has aided me in the preparation
of this book.
We have confidence in God that this treatise will serve to
facilitate the study of the Moro tongue for our brother missionaries whom Divine Providence has destined to follow this work,
and for others who may come to these lands who wish to learn
it; and it will also serve the purpose of permitting the natives to
learn the beautiful language of Castilla.
(5)




6
I do not believe, as I have said before, that my work will be
perfect; even imperfect it will be of some use, and may be the
means of prompting some one to perfect it, or to do better than
I have done.
On the last pages of this book will be found a vocabulary of
Spanish, Moro, and Malay, which demonstrates the relations
existing between Malay and Moro, also between Moro and the
other tongues and dialects of the Philippines.
I




GRAMMAR
OF THE
MAGITINDANAO TONGUE.
CONCERNING LETTERS AND THEIR PRONUNCIATION.
The consonants are 20, as follows: B, C, D, G, H, J, K, L, M, N,
P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, Z, and the Spanish N.
There are four vowels: a, e, i, and u. U is sometimes pronounced o, though there is no distinct character to represent the
latter sound, and custom regulates its use.
In addition to letters already mentioned, this tongue contains
the Spanish ll, also dz and ts, pronounced by accentuating the
d in dz, and making ts sound like the Spanish tes; ng* is used
with frequency, also ingal, common to all the tongues of the
Archipelago; f is lacking and p takes its place. The letters 1 and
r are not used before consonants, but precede vowels. It is very
frequent, among peoples who speak this tongue, that these two
letters are confounded, either being used in several of their
expressions. The Malanaos ordinarily use the r, while the Maguindanaos prefer the 1.
In all other letters the pronunciation is Spanish. CG is always
hard, as in ga, go, gu. H is not aspirated and is silent, as in
Spanish words. V is readily distinguished from 1b, having the
sound of the vowel u, as vato, which is pronounced "uato"
(rock).
The Maguindanaos use an e sound between a and o, and this
sound (not given in the text) must be learned by practice when
the student is among those who use it.
*ng is pronounced ang (a as in arim) and is the indefinite pronoun it.
tmga is an abbreviation for manga (both a's as in larm). For a full description of
this word see note 2 on page 12.
t Bear in mind that the a, o, and u in the examples ga, go, and gu are pronounced as
in the Spanish alphabet.
(7)




8


PRONUNCIATION OF LETTERS.
(Addition by translator.)
Consonants.
B-Be (e as in end).
C-Ce (e as in end).
D)-De (e asin end).
G-He (e as in end).
HI-Achy (A as in arm).
J-Hota (o as in note, and a as in arm).
K-Ka (a as in arm).
L-Elly (E as in end).
M-Emmy (E as in end).
N-Enny (E as in end).
P-Pe (e as in end).
Q-K-K  (u as in prune).
R-Erry (E as in end).
S-Essy (E as in end).
T-Te (e as in end).
V-Ye (e as in end).
X-Ekis (E as in end, and i as in ill).
Y-Egriega (E as in meat, i as in ill, e as in end, a as in arm.
Z-Setta (e as in end, and a as in arm).
N-Pronounced as in Spanish in the word canion (canyon).
Vowels.
a —a (pronounced as in far).
e-e (pronounced as in end).
i-i (pronounced as in ill).
u —u (pronounced as in prune).




INTRODUCTION.
Language is the conjunction of words for expressing ideas
which the people of a tongue use. It therefore follows that the
Maguindanao tongue is the union of words used by the Maguindanaos to express their ideas, and the grammar of this tongue
is the art of speaking and writing it correctly.
Grammar is made up of Analogy, which treats of the relations
which words bear to each other; of Syntax, which treats of the
construction of sentences; of Prosody, treating of pronunciation;
and Orthography, which treats of elementary sounds, spelling,
and the manner of writing a language.
(9)




I




PART I.-OF ANALOGY.


Analogy, as before stated, treats of the relations which words
bear to each other.   The union of words, which together express
a clear idea, is called a sentence, thus: Malimn    su Alatala cann
inanga tan-God loves mankind.        Sit tau akil-baligda natipu sa
ped in-The just man does no harm to his neighbor.
With reference to meaning and use words are, divided into
nine classes, called Parts of Speech,* viz, Article, Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, and
Interjection.
CHAPTER 1.-OF THE ARTICLE.
The article used alone never makes sense, but must accompany
a substantive name for this purpose, thus: Si Juan su inga kayoJohn and the wood.t' In the foregoing sentence si and su are definite articles, si being used with proper and su with common
nouns, si always preceding the proper noun. The indefinite
article t is isa (singular) and aden (plural), thus: Isa ca bengalaA shirt.   Aden a Iniug, aden mamen da silang iniug-Some desire
and some do not desire.      Aden inapia, aden marat-Some        are
good, others bad.
* Notice that the adjective is not given in the parts of speech.
t The construction of sentences in this text naturally follows the modes of expression
in Moro. Therefore the literal translation of this sentence is: The John and all the
wood.
I The indefinite article, singular, isa, is the Moro word for one (a), and the indefinite
article, plural, aden, is ones (some).
Isa is equivalent to the Spanish uno (masc.) or una (fern.), according to whether
used with a masculine or feminine complement, and aden to unos (rnasc.) or unas
(fer.), also according to whether used with a masculine or feminine complement.
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12


Declension of the definite article si* (the) singular, preceding a
proper noun:
Norn. Si Juan --- —      --       - John (The John).
Gen. Ni, or cani Juan, ----..   - Of John, John's.
Dat. Cani Juan ----_ --- —----- To, or for John.
Ace. Cani Juan ----—. --- —-- At John.
Voc. Ay Juan! Juanl ----         - Oh John! John!
Abl. Cani Juan        --------     With, of, in, on, by, for, from,
without, and over John.
There is no plural definite article.~
The name of the Deity always carries the definite article su,
thus: Su Alataia (The God) and not Si Alatala.
Declension of the definite article suf (the) singular:
Nom. Su as --------             -- The dog.
Gen. Sa, na, or cana asu. --- — Of the dog.
Dat. Sa, cana asu    ------------ To, or for the dog.
Acc. Sa asu ---     ------        - At the dog.
Voc. Asul ay asu!. --- —------- Dog! Oh dog!
Abl. Sa, cana asu --- —--           With, of, in, on, by, for, from,
without, and over the dog.
Declension of the definite article su (the) plural:
Nom. Su mga asu-. --- —------ The dogs.
Gen. Sa nu, canu mga asu - - - Of the dogs.
Dat.   Sa, canu mga asu ------- To, or for the dogs.
Ace. Sa, i, canu mga asu ----- At the dogs.
Voc. Asu I ay asu --- —-         - Dogs I Oh dogs I
Abl.   Sa, canu mga asu --- —--- With, of, in, on, by, for, from,
without, and over the dogs.
* The article si is always used before a proper noun, except when the Deity is referred to.
t Mga, equivalent to all, and when used with the term su, to all the, is an abbreviation
for manga (both a's as in arm). It might be called a plural definite article denoting
either masculinity or femininity, as in the following examples: 8u mga tau-The men
or All the men; Su mga babay-The women or All the women.
It will be seen that it performs the office of the Spanish los (the) masculine, and las
(the) feminine.. The article su is used when the Deity is referred to, and with common nouns, and
also admits of masculinity or femininity, thus: Su tau-The man; and Su babay-The
woman. In this respect it is different from the Spanish article the, which is el (masc.)
and la (fer.).




13


Examples.
1. Su ualay ni Pedro ---       - The house of Peter.
*2. Pinangabut sa asu si Pedro_ The dog bit Peter.
*3. Pangani si Jose cani Pedro - Joseph begs Peter.
*4. Inimatayan    ni Pedro    su
saladeng --------------—. The deer was killed by Peter.
5. Su sundang ania cani uata
ku -----— _ --- —-.. --- —-- This cris is for my son.
6. San den su ama nin --       - Your father is over there
CHAPTER 2.-OF THE NOUN.
The nounf is that part of speech which serves to make known
things or persons, and the qualities which pertain to them.
There are substantive nouns and adjective nouns. t
OF THE SUBSTANTIVE NOUN.
The substantive noun is the name which serves to make any
thing or person known which is within the conception of man,
thus: Palan-A      wooded   hill;  Lalan-road; Islam n   ~-Moro;
Capia-goodness.
First. The noun may be proper or common.
A proper noun is the name of some particular person, place,
people, or thing, thus: Magiindanao, Malanao, Zamboanga,
Manila.
A common noun is the name which is applied to any one of a
kind or class of objects, thus: Tail-man; Kayo-tree; Kudahorse.
Second. A noun may be either primitive or derivative.
* To give an idea of the construction of sentences in this tongue, the second, third, and
fourth are translated literally, as follows:
2. Bitten of dog the Peter.
3. Begs the Joseph of Peter.
4. Killed of Peter the deer.
The second is equivalent to Peter was bitten by the dog; the third to Peter was begged of
by Joseph; and the fourth to The deer wcas killed by Peter; all showing how universal is
the use of the passive voice, which will be treated of later.
t The part of speech which serves to give a name to any person or thing.
I As the adjective is not given in the parts of speech in this grammar, a Moro adjective
noun is practically our adjective.
A Mohammedan.




14


A primitive noun is one that has no origin from another noun,
as: Lupa-earth; Uatu —rock; Ig-water.
A derivative noun is one that originates from another noun,
as: Ulunai —pillow, derived from nli, head, and an, a suffix,
which is used when reference is made to a place.
Derivatives from other nouns are called "nominals," thus:
Palauan-a ridge of wooded hills, from Palau-a wooded hill,
and an-a place.
Derivatives which are from verbs are called "verbals," thus:
Migaan-bed, from Miga-to be lying down, and an-a place.
To form, in Moro, derivative nouns either from nouns or verbs,
prefixes and suffixes are used with a primitive word, and the mode
of applying them is as follows: The terms ca and pagca are placed
before nouns which express a quality, in other words, before
adjectives, and by this means abstract nouns are formed which
express what is desired, thus: Ca (the English suffix ness) a
prefix, and puti (white) make caputi-whiteness; ca, with pia, a
term referring to anything good, should be used as follows:
Capia-goodness. Ca, with the term nyag, which expresses the
idea of living, should be used as follows: Cauyag-life. Pagca
Alatala signifies the Deity; and pagca tan-humanity, showing
that pagca in these cases is equivalent to the English suffix ity.
Pag'cambnat or Capacambullat signifies the act of getting up or
rising, showing that pagea and ca here are each equivalent to the
English suffix ing.
Prefixing the terms pa, pag, pen, or ped to the duplicated first
syllable of a root, a noun is formed of which the root gives an
idea, thus: Tugues-seine, is changed to patutugues-fisherman;
surat-to write, is changed to pasusurat-penman; nganid-to
till the land, is changed to panganganiden or to tangang'auidenfarmer; dado-to plow, is changed to padado ---a plowman;
ndagang-to do business, is changed to pendadagan-dagang-a
merchant; pedsesedeca-one who begs alms, comes from sedecaalms.
The foregoing prefixes (pa, pag, pen, ped) after being used
with a root to form a word, still form other words by using the
suffix an,* as: Pendaganganan-a store; and pelmbnuan-a fighting place, which comes from nibunu-to fight or quarrel.


* The use of this term as a suffix is to denote a place.




15


With the prefixes cam and ca and the suffix an, nouns and
verbs often take the following forms: Baihagui-to divide, may be
changed to cambaliagui-division; raiinguit-to snarl, to caranguit-one who looks stern or fierce; imbunui-to fight, to cambunuwar; babasal-pumpkin, to babasalan-a pumpkin field; pamlbula-to plant, to pambulaan-a plantation (or garden); sucuba cock fight, to sucuban-a cock pit.
The term ta used with certain nouns or verbs expresses the
idea of time (season), thus: Tagulan-rainy season; Tapanenang-the time of very warm weather; Ta-calempec —clearing
time (clearing the land of trees, shrubs, etc.); Ta-capamulaplanting time. This term has another use explained in the following examples: Taguinumn-a drinker, and Tabrac-a talker.
In the last two examples, ta, though a prefix, apparently is
equivalent to the English suffix er.
The term ki used with certain words expresses the idea of
ownership, thus: Ki-ualay-owner of the house; ki-aiang-owner
of the boat (small boat); ki-basac-owner of cultivated land.
Kina used with other words signifies imitation, thus: Kinasila-to imitate the Spaniards; kina-islam-to imitate the Moros;
kina-insic-to imitate the Chinese.
The name of an instrument used to accomplish something with,
is expressed by using ipa with the verb which expresses the
action, thus: Ipamalid-the contrivance used to blow the chaff
from rice; Ipa-nurat-an instrument used in writing; ipa-tipaden-any tool for cutting or chopping wood.
To show the nationality of a person, taga is used with the
Spanish name of the country, thus: Taga-Espaiiia-Spaniard;
taga-Africa-African; tag'a- America-American.
Terms which magnify a primitive are not used in Moro, i. e.,
in the case of the word great there is no rule for forming the term
greater, but a different word must be used, thus: Masla-great;
macapal-big, stout, thick, greater.
Words to express diminutives are formed by repeating a primitive, thus: Ualay-nalay-a small house; auang-anang —a small
boat.
Collective nouns which in the singular express a multitude of
things or persons are used in Moro in two ways, according to the
objects which are referred to. If animate objects are referred
to, tumnpuc is used; if inanimate, the prefix ca and the suffix an
are employed or the suffix alone may be used.




16
Examples.
1. Tumpuc a tau --- —   -   - A gathering of men.
Tumpuc a bilibili. ---. --- —-- A flock of sheep.
2. Camangaan -------------— A Aplace where manymangotrees
grow, or mango grove.
Cauatuan ------           A pile of rocks.
Niugan     —.            A place where many cocoanut
trees grow, or a cocoanut
grove.
Many things are expressed by a single word, thus: Kayo-tree;
iatu-rock; dagat-sea.
There are also composite terms made up of two or more words,
thus: Panday a kayo-carpenter; ki-ualay- owner of the house;
tagui-ualay-the person living in or occupying the house.
A substantive noun has no gender or number in the Moro
grammar, thus: Asu-dog; sapi-cattle; and kuda-horse, of
themselves do not express either masculinity or femininity, and
may be used in the singular or plural.
Now, in order to distinguish the sex, mama (male) or babay
(female) is added to the noun, and to form the plural the term
is modified by mga.
Examples.
Sapi mama ---------------— _ Bull.
Sapi babay -------------------- Cow.
Asu a mama --- —-------------- Dog.
Asu a babay ------—.. --- —----- Bitch.
Tau maputi....... --- —. —. ---- A white man.
Su mga tau maputi ----     - The white men.
Kayo masla. ---------------—. A big tree.
Su mga kayo a masla --------—. The big trees.
OF THE ADJECTIVE NOUN.
The adjective, which serves to express the qualities of persons
and things, is lacking, in this tongue, of gender, number, and
case; it follows, then, that there is a sole termination for all
genders, cases, and numbers, thus: Tau Inariga-a red man, and
bengala mariga-a red shirt; su sica maitem-the black cat; and
su mga papanuc a maitem-the black birds.




17


It is customary to form adjectives of the root of a verb or noun,
placing before the root the term ma, thus, with the root pia,
which expresses the idea of goodness, we get mapia-good; with
puru, which signifies the idea of height, we make mapuru-high,
and with capal, which expresses the idea of thickness, we get
macapal-thick.
OF COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES.
Comparatives are formed by simply uniting to the positive the
word labi, which signifies more. To express an idea of less the
word culang is used, also di tanto, which is equivalent to not so
much.
Examples.


Su Timacu mapuru a palau,
entabes labi a mapuru su
Balalaan.
Si Juan labi a mapia cani
Roque.
Su ualay ni Pedro culang a
malendu cana ualay ni Jose.
Su begas ania di tanto maputi
sa begas nami.


Timaco is a high wooded hill
but Pico Cogonal is higher
(more high).
John is better (more good) than
Roque.
Peter's house is not longer than
Joseph's, nor is it shorter.
That rice is not so white as
ours.


Superlatives are formed with the terms tanto and calabauan.
both equivalent to much or very.
Examples.
Su Jadi tanto a cagaus —. --- — The King is very powerful.
Su islam calabauan a mesquin - The Moro is very poor.
Diminutives are expressed by the terms naitec and padidu,
equivalent to very small and little, respectively.
Examples.
Maitec a uata.. --- —--------- A very small child.
Glat padidu -----------—. --- A little knife. 


374-2




18
OF NUMERALS.
The following are some of the cardinal numerals:
1. Isa ------------   One.
2. Dua ---------—. --- Two.
3. Telu               Three.
4. Apat. --- —---------- Four.
5. Lima --- —---------- Five.
6. Anem --- —---------- Six.
7. Pitu  ---— _.... --- —-- Seven.
8. Ualu -----—. --- —-- Eight.
9. Siau --- —--— _ --- —- Nine.
10. Sapulu ------------- Ten.
11. Sapulu isa ---------- Eleven.
12. Sapulu dua -   -.. --- —-  Twelve.
13. Sapulu telu _ --- —--- Thirteen.
14. Sapulu pat ------ -— Fourteen.
15. Sapulu lima. --- —-- Fifteen.
16. Sapulu nem --------- Sixteen.
17. Sapulu pitu  ---- Seventeen.
20. Duapulu --- —-     - Twenty.
30. Telupulu. --- —---- Thirty.
40. Apatpulu --------—. Forty.
50. Limapulu --- —------ Fifty.
100. Magatus..-O..     One hundred.
200. Dua-gatus, --- —---- Two hundred.
300. Telu-gatus ---------- Three hundred.
1,000. Sanguibu ---------- One thousand.
2,000. Dua-nguibu -----—. Two thousand.
10,000. Salacsa            Ten thousand.
20,000. Dualacsa ------    Twenty thousand.
100,000. Sa-juta.-. --- —---- One hundred thousand.
1,000, 000. Sa-kati --- —-—. ---- One million.
Ordinal numerals.          Multiplicative numerals.
Su muna ------ The first.    Ngaga isa ----- Single.
Su icadua -    The second.   Ngaga dua --- Twofold.
Su icatelu --  The third.    Ngaga telu ---- Threefold.
Su icapat -..  The fourth.   Ngaga pat_      Fourfold.
Su icalima - - - The fifth.   Ngaga lima - -  Fivefold.




19


CHAPTER 3.-OF PRONOUNS.
Declension of the pronoun Saki (I), first person, singular:
Nom. Saki, aku — _ --- —--—. --- —-.I.
Gen. Ku, salaki, laki -_ --- —--—._- Of me.
Dat. Salaki, sa salaki -------------- To or for me.
Acc. Salaki, sa salaki ----------—.- At me.
Voc.
Abl. Salaki, sa salaki --- —----—..- Of, in, for, on, over, and
with me
Plural (we), when every one is referred to:
Nom. Salkitanu, sekitanu, tanu, We, all of us.
lekitanu.
Gen. Salkitanu, sa salkitanu, tanu_ Of us.
Dat. Salkitanu, sa salkitanu --— __ — To or for us.
Ace. Salkitanu, sa salkitanu..- At us.
Voc.
Abl. Salkitanu sa salkitan u   _ --- With, of, in, for, on, without, and over us.
Plural (we), when only two persons (thou and 1, or you and
me) are referred to:
Nom. Salkita. sekita, ta --------—.- We.
Gen. Salkita, sekita, ta, lekita --- —- Of us.
Dat. Salkita, sa salkita --- —-------- To or for us.
Ace. Salkita, sa salkita ------------ At us.
Voc.
Abl. Salkita, sa salkita ------------ With, of, in, for, on, without, and over us.
Plural (we), when all except you or ye are referred to:
Nom. Salkami, kami ---------------- We.
Gen. Salkami, nami, lekaii -------- Of us.
Dat. Salkami, sa salkami --- —------ To or for us.
Ace. Salkami, sa salkami. --- —---- At us.
Voe.
Abl. Salkami, sa salkami --------- With, of, in, for, on, without, and over us.




20


Declension of the pronoun thou, second person, singular:
Nom. Seka, saleka, ka ------------- Thou (you).
Gen. Nengka, saleka, sa salka, Of thee (you).
leka, ka.
Dat. Salka, sa salka -------—.. ---- To or for thee (you).
Ace. Salka, sa salka -.. --- —-—.-_ --- At thee (you).
Voc. Seka ______________ --- —------  Thou (you).
Abl. Salka, sa salka --------------- Of, in, for, on, by, without, over, and with thee
(you).
Declension of the pronoun you, second person, plural:
Nom. Salkanu, kanu --------— __ ---- You (ye).
Gen. Salkanu, sa salkanu, nu niu, Of you (ye).
lekanu.
Dat. Salkanu, sa salkanu — _-_ —..   To or for you (ye).
Ace. Salkanu, sa salkanu ------—.- At you (ye).
Voc. Salkanu, kanu ---------— __ — You (ye).
Abl. Salkanu, sasalkanu -__ --- —-- With, of, in, for, on, by,
with, and over you (ye).
Declension of the pronouns he, she, and it, third person,
singular:
Nom. Salkanin, sekanin, nin ------- He, she, it.
Gen. Salkanin, sa or na, lekanin ---- Of him, of her, of it.
Dat. Salkanin, cana salkanin, sa To or for him, her, orit.
salkanin.
Ace. Salkanin, sa salkanin -_.. ---- At him, her, or it.
Voc.
Abl. Salkanin, sa salkanin        With, of, in, for, on, by,
without, and over, him,
her, or it.
Declension of the pronoun they, third person, plural:
Nom. Silan, salkilan --- —----------- They.
Gen. Kanilan, sa-kanilan, nilan -  Of them.
Dat. Kanilan, sa-kanilan. —_ --- —- To or for them.
Ace. Kanilan, sa-kanilan, silan-..  At them.
Voc.
Abl. Kanilan, sa kanilan --- —------ With, of, in, for, on, by,
without, and over them.




21


The demonstrative pronouns are inia-this, anan-that, entuthat one, and they are declined without change, using with them
the proper prepositions for the making of sense.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
Laki, ku, salaki -----------—._ My, mine.
Nengka, salka, ka _ --- —------- Thine, yours.
Lekanin, nin, salkanin --------- His.
Lekitanu, tanu, salkitanu ------ Ours (belonging to all of us).
Lekita, ta, salkita ------------- Ours (thine and mine).
Lekami, nami, salkami ---— _ — Ours (excluding a particular
one, or some particular ones).
Lekanu, nu. --- —-. ---. --- __- Your and yours.
Kanilan, nilan -------------—. Theirs.
The genitives laki, leka, lekanin, lekitann, lekita, lekanu, and
nilan, it is customary to place before the noun, thus: Sn laki a
ualay-my house; su lekatnin a bengala-his shirt; lekanu a
ingued-your town.
INTERROGATIVE AND RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
The interrogative pronouns in this tongue are tingilin? or
tingten?-i-who?; ngain l? — hat thing?; antain -wuhich?; and
antlna?-which thing? The relative pronoun, or that which
takes its place in this tongue, is simply the word a (which) used
as follows: Sn kuda a pinamasa ni Pedro-The horse which Peter
bought; Su inga tan, a da sala nilan pagarian sa Alatala-These
men which are free from sin are the friends of God.
I (i) is also a relative pronoun, thus: Ngain i kinua 11in —
What (thing) is that wUhich he got out?
The terminations den, 11n, and un are also used, and it is customary to place them with nouns, verbs, and personal pronouns
used as possessives. They appear to indicate some relation, but
can not be considered as true relatives, thus: Tingnin nacua su
bengala kllt  Saki nacna Mnn-IWho took my shirt  I was the
one who took it; (I myself took it.) To signify our expression
that which it is customary among the Moros to simply place the
article before the verb, and in this case it takes the place of a
relative, thus: Ng'ain ipal-gnlelbal-ka? Sn pegquiugan knWhat do you do?   (llWhlat is the thing which you do?) That
which I like. (The thing which I like.)




22


Examples.
Su mindaranguen cagay mapia He who sang yesterday has a
su suala nin.               good voice.
Su nacauma cagay uata ni An- He who came yesterday is the
cung.                       son of Ancung.
SOME EXERCISES SHOWING USE OF PRONOUNS.
Personal pronouns.
Panalubaan nengka salaki - - -- You pursue me.
Di pacuan-ka su tamuc ku ----- Do not take my jewels.
Su entu a pinamatay aku nin He is the one who struck me
cagay.                      yesterday.
Canu miug salkanu    munut When do you wish to follow
salaki taman sa palau?     me to the hill?
Mangay aku bu amag salka To-morrow I will go to your
ualay.                      house.
Mapia ka bun dapay da aku? _  Can not you pass without me?
Udi kena salkanu da guna nin__ Without you I can do nothing.
Muu aku den -------—.-. --- —- I am going now.
Muli aku den sa ualay ku - - I am going back to my house.
Andau mangay aku bu -. --- —-- Where shall I go?
Langun kami icalimu nami We all love you very much.
salka a tanto.
Ingat ca amayca pamulasan ako Woe to thee if you insult me!
nenka!
Duanin aku nasala aku sa Ala- Woe is me, who have offended
tala!                       God I
Ampunan nenka aku ---------- Pardon me.
Sinumin aku endu papagtim- I have come to make peace bebanguen salkanu.            tween you.
Salig-ka salaki, di ka maguirec__ Pay attention to me, do not be
frightened.


Demonstrative pronouns.


Di ka malipunget sa uata, sa
anan, engu sa entu.
Di nu pagcua anan a mga ulac
a kayo, engu su imga surat
ania, engu su umbus entu na
manga.


Do not scold this child nor that
one nor the one yonder.
Do not take those flowers nor
these books nor that branch
of mangoes (fruit).




23


Sugati ka den san a caromamis,
engu su muntay entu, engu
di pan-gani-ka sa salacau.
Ingay ka salaki su entu ped a
munsala.


Content yourself with that
orange and lemon and do not
ask for another thing.
Give me that other handkerchief.


Possessive pronouns.


Aua-ka sa laki a ualay engu
tauag-ka su uata nengka,
engu su ina nin.
Pila su cauatan pun sin taman
sa ingued nengka engu sa
sekitanu?
Paguidan ka su-tamuc-ku sa
auang nengka, en- gu-kani
Juan.
Tabangui nengka sekanin sa
mga lima nengka engu sa cabaguer nengka.


Leave my house and call your
son and his mother.
How far is it from here to your
town and to ours?
Ship my things on your boat
and in Juan's.
Help yourself with your hands
and your strength.


Interrogative and relative pronouns.
Ngain a langun a taman inem- Of what have they made that
balan su ualay anan?      house?
Tinguin su ped nengka a miau- With which did you fall?
lug?
Tinguin i minali salka? _ --- —-- Who wounded you?
Ngain su pali, masla ataua Which wound, the large or the
padidu?                   small one?
Tinguin i pedsalig nenka?...  In whom do you confide?
Tinguin silan?_.. --- —--—. ---. Who are they?
Ngain a ingued minan-gay-ka? - To which town have you been?


CHAPTER 4.-OF THE FORMATION AND CONJUNCTION
OF VERBS.
To be, To have, and To be in a place.
The verb to be and the verbal expression to be in a place are
wanting in Maguindanao, and to express ideas of their nature
the substantive is simply used with the adjective for to be, and




24


with the place for to be in a place, as may be seen by the following examples:
Su kayo macapal —. --- —------ The tree is thick.
Si Rodulfo (Rudolph) mapulu Rudolph is a tall man.
a tan.
Su islam talau ---—. --- —.. ---- The Moro is a coward.
Su manobu mauarau ------—. The Montes is brave.
Su glat sa linauau na tulugan -_ The pocketknife is on the bed.
Su asu sa lama-lama ----------- The dog is in the park.
Ordinarily, to express the idea of "to be in a place," it is customary to use one of the terms san or In, which are both adverbs
of place equivalent to here and there, thus: Andau Jose? Lu sa
basac —Where is Joseph? (There) In the field. Si Pedro sin a
ualay-Peter is (here) at home.
To have is expressed by the word aden,* thus: Aden akil
bengala-I have a shirt. Aden ka sundang? Uay aden akuHave you a cris? Yes, I have. Aden a tall nl ' Aden bun-Are
there people there? Yes, there are. To take is also expressed by
aden.
Aden with the prefix na expresses past time, and with the suffix
bu, future time, thus: Cagay naden aku pilae-Yesterday I had
money. Paganay naden aku lipen-Before (once upon a time)
I had slaves. Amnag aden bu aku cabaguer-To-morrow I will
have strength.
To express the idea of "not to take, and not to have," da is
used, which means: There is or are none, thus: Da palay koI have no palay (unhulled rice). Da tan lu-There are no
people there. Da mInslanin-He has no handkerchief.
OF THE FORMATION OF VERBS AND THEIR TENSES.
To better understand the formation of verbs, it must be observed
that their roots may be verbals signifying the action of the verb,
and substantive nouns or adjectives converted into verb forms
by means of composing terms used with them. In fact, there
are scarcely any common nouns in this tongue which can not be
transformed into verbs.


*Aden is also used as the indefinite plural article some, or ones, as explained on page 11
and in the third note on that page.




25


Their formation is subject to the following rules:
First. An expression of the nature of a verb, in other words, a
kind of a verbal root, such as surat (or sulat)-written, and
embal-done, is changed according to the term used with each as
a prefix or suffix. See rule second, below.
Second. To fix the signification of the root, in the active, in
general, the terms um, inum, ma, mag, pag, etc., are used according as the root begins with a vowel or consonant, thus:
Sulat-written, by the incorporation of the term mil becomes
siimnllat-to write; and embal-done, by the prefixing of pag or
pagu becomes paguembal-to do.*
Third. As a general rule, it is customary to form verbs from
verbal roots which begin with a vowel by using the prefixes ma
or mag in the present and future, with the prefix na for the past,
and with pag or pana for the imperative.
Examples.
Root -----—. ---- Ulug --------------- To fall.
Present ---------- Maulug ako ---------- I fall.
Future           Maulug ako bu --- —-- I will fall.
'Past --- —------- Naulug ako ---------- I did fall.
Imperative ------- Panalug-ka ---------- You fall or fall you.
The Moros of Lanao in place of prefixing the term na to form
the past of the present, place i between m and a in ma, thus:
miaulng ako-Idid fall.
There are some verbs in which. the past is formed by placing
in between 1m and a, for example: Manii —to go up; present,
manic ako-I go up; past, minianic nin-went up he. Observe,
however, that this form is ordinarily passive.
Fourth. Verbs whose roots begin with a consonant are usually
formed by placing between the initial consonant and the vowel
which follows, urn for the present and future, inmri for the past,
and for the imperative, the root alone, or by adding pa, as in
verbs which begin with a vowel.


* In these examples it is seen that the term commencin g with a vowel is used with the
root beginning with a consonant, and the one starting with a consonant with the root
beginning with a vowel.




Examples.
Root ---------- Sulat                To write.
Present -----—. — Sumulat ako ---- I write.
Future. --- —----- Sumulat bee ako  I will write.
Past.....    Sinumulat ako ------ I did write.
Imperative ------- Sulat ka or panulat ka Write  you or you
(The "s" in pasulat  write.
is changed to "n"
for euphony's sake.)
We may call the foregoing rules general and customary in the
use of verbs. There are many exceptions, however, as there are
many verbs whose roots begin with a consonant and are not conjugated with the terms urn and innim, but with the prefixes ma,
na, and pag.
Thus, for example, of the root limn —love, Ltlniimu is not a
modification, but malimu-to love is, as is nalimn-he loved. Of
the root saluba-pursued, we get manaluba-to pursue; nanaluba-he pursued; and saluba, or panaluba (imperative) pursue
you or youpursue. Of salag —nest, sumalag is not used to signify the making of it, but pedsalag is the term to be used in this
case.
There are verbs which admit of two forms, and others which
admit of only one. These are distinguished by their beginning
with a vowel or consonant, and also by the signification of the
verb, and in accordance with this signification it takes one form
or the other; thus, with the root ganad, expressing "to learn," we
say, maganad ako-I learn, and to signify " to go out" gumanat
ako-I go out, is used.
Verbs whose roots begin with p are converted into m in conjugations by bu, ma and na, thus of pegnes we say mameguesto conquer; of panic, mamanic-to go up.




27


MODELS OF CONJUGATIONS OF THE TWO ACTIVE FORMS WHICH
HAVE JUST BEEN EXPLAINED.
Conjugation of the active form by " um " and " inum."
Root: Lutad-To go down (descend):
PRESENT.
Saki lumutad          I go down (descend).
Sing. Seka lumutad.    You go down (descend).
Sekanin lumutad ---    He goes down (descends).
Salkami lumutad ------- We go down (descend).
Plur. Salkanu lumutad ------- You go down (descend).
Salkilan lumutad ------- They go down (descend).
PAST.
( Saki linumutad --------- I went down (descended).
Sing. Seka linumutad- -—. ---You went down (descended).
Sekanin linumutad - - - - He went down (descended).
r  Salkami linumutad ---- We went down (descended).
Plur. Salkanu linumutad- -_ — You went down (descended).
Salkilan linumutad ---- They went down (descended).
F -lrITRI,.
Sing. Saki lumutad   bu  or I will go down (descend).
Sing. } lumutad ako bu.
The future is like the present in all respects, excepting that
the term bu is added.
IMPERATIVE.
S      i n Palutad ka - -. --- —- Descend you or you descend.
g   Palutad nin ---------- Let him descend.
Plur  Palutad kanu ----------- You descend.. Lalutad silan         Let them descend.
It is customary among Moros to use, by preference, for the
imperative the root alone followed by ka (you), thus: Lutad kadescend you; sin ka-come you; lacao ka-walk you.
The Malanaos in the past tenses of verbs which carry the term
urn do not use iliurn, but place between the first and second
syllables of the root the term miu, thus: Of surat-to write they
get sumiurat-he wrote; and of soba-to sail they get somiubahe sailed.




28


Conjugation in the active form with " ma " or "mag."
Root: Gueda-To embark:
PRESENT.
Saki magueda          I embark.
Sing. Seka magueda -------- You embark.
Sekanin magueda ------- He embarks.
Salkitanu magueda     We embark.
Plur. Salkanu magueda..-   You embark.
Silan magueda --—.    They embark.
PAST.
(Saki nagueda ----------- I embarked.
Sing. Seka nagueda- - - -..-  You embarked.
Sekanin nagueda       He embarked.
Salkitanu nagueda --- We embarked.
Plur. Salkanu nagueda- --   You embarked.
Silan nagueda ---------- They embarked.
FUTURE.
The same as the present with the addition of the term bii.
IMPERATIVE.
Sin g.  Pagueda ka —  -     Embark you or you embark.
Pagueda nin ----     - Let him embark.
Plur. Pagueda kanu -         You embark.
Pagueda silan ------- Let them embark.
Other tenses are formed of these prefixes (ma, nag, na, pag),
and have no proper form. To express what they signify, use is
made of some adverbs or terms which modify, according to the
case, the idea expressed by said tenses.
The term ped is a form very much used as a prefix to verbs,
and there is no rule to determine its use. It is used in practice
with all kinds of verbs, as often with those in which the term
urn is used as with those in which ma in the active is used, and
for euphony's sake it may be changed to peg, pen, or pe.
Examples.
Pelacau-lacau silan         They are walking (for pleasure).
Pedsulat ako kanu mga pagali I write to my friends.
ku.




29


Ya pedtalu silan pendadaura They say that other men insult
nilan su mga ped a tau.      them.
Di ka pedsegad di pedsengal - -- Neither cry nor sing.
OF THE SIGNIFICATION OF ACTIVE VERBS.
To fix the sense of an active verb it is well to note the idea
expressed by the root of which it is formed.
First. If the root expresses the general idea of a thing accomplished or executed, the verb will signify the action by which that
thing is done, thus, teped signifies the idea of something cut, and
the verb pedteped is to cut, and bisay, expressing the idea of
something scratched will have for its verb form imabisay-to
scratch.
Second. If the root is the name of some instrument, the verb
formed with it will express the action of using that instrument,
thus, pana —a bow has for its verb form mnapana-to use the bow
(shoot arrows), giied-a saw has pagiiegiied-to saw, and cotiapia guitar has manguntiapi-to strmon the guitar.
Third. If the root expresses the idea of a charge, office, or
occupation, the verb will signify the exercise of that charge,
office, or occupation, thus, panday sa kayo-a carpenter may
become the verbal sentence pedpanday sa kayo-to work as a carpenter; gamut is medicine, and pengamllit is to cure; sarigan-a commission, becomes pedsariganl-to fulfill a commission.
Fourth. Finally, if the root is of an adverbial nature, the verb
will signify the idea which the adverb intimates, thus, sa lipagthe other side of the river has for a verb form lumipag-to cross
it (the river); masiken-near has pedsiken-to get near, and sinhere has sumnin-to come here.
In addition to the above, in order to know well the signification
of verbs, the following rules should be learned:
First. When ca is interposed between the composing term and
the root it makes the verb express the idea of quality, power, or
command, thus: Macapia-to make a thing good, macaembal-to
order a thing done, macallian-to order to go behind, and paca.
inum-to order to drink.
Second. The term i, a suffix, united to the verb gives it a
transitive sense, and indicates an object on which the verb does
not depend directly in the active. It is used either in the active
or passive.




30


Examples.
Icatau-i ku kanilan. --- —-—.. I will make it known to them.
Pembulaun-i pulaus ------------ He will decorate the post.
Paguengala-i dalepa ---------- He will give the place a name.
"To them," "the post," and "the place," in the above sentences are what we call indirect cases or objects removed from the
action of the verb.
Third. To form a frequentative (denoting the frequent repetition of an action) verb, the root of the verb is repeated, for
example, maglacau-lacan denotes to travel backwards and forwards, or to travel the same road frequently, pag'inulm-inixmdrink, and drink again.
When the composing term is placed in the second member of
a word it signifies reciprocity (mutual action and reaction), and
is the same as if the term an were placed at the end of a frequentative, thus, puala-magpplala, or puala-pedpiiala, or pnalapualan —to dispute, are all the same.
Examples of verbs to fit the foregoing cases.
Malalaguy ka imana su mga You run as fast as deer do
saladeng.                  (run).
Kuman bu silan amai ca mag- They will eat when they are
utem silan.                 hungry.
Di ka mesina su capia na ped Do not envy the welfare of your
nengka a tau.               neighbor.
Napagueletan ku canu mga I rushed in among those who
bunuan a tau.               were fighting.
Duminado silan sa pamulaan They have plowed the garden
engu sa basac.              and the field.
Nagueguet nin su kayo. —  He has sawed the lumber.
Pinana ku su mga papanuc da I have thrown rocks at the birds
masugat.                    and did not hit them.
Su mga pepanday sa kayo di Those who work as carpenters
tanto marasay.             do not suffer any.
Marguen den su pepanday sa The occupation of horseshoeing
putau sabap sa cayau.       is hard on account of the heat.
Gamuti ka su mga bacataun a You cure those who have skin
tau.                       - disease.
Tinguin i pendatu sa ingued Who is the dato or the governor
antu?                      of that town?
Canu sumin ka bu? ----------- When will you come?




31


Lipag ka saguna ---------------
Pakan ka su mga kuda engu su
asu.
Macasia ako bu sa mga tau -.
Ngain paguengalan i palau antuInicatau ku salka - ------------
Cumubing cubing lalayun su
mga uata.
Uman uman gay bunubunuan
nilan.


Cross to the other side of the
river now.
Order that the horses and dog
be fed.
I will have the people come
here.
What name have these hills
(wooded hills).
I made you know it.
Play, and play again the cubing
(a sort of a reed instrument)
for the children.
Every day they laugh among
themselves.


CHAPTER 5.-OF THE PASSIVE FORM OF THE VERB.
To learn the Moro tongue intelligently it is indispensable to
know well the verb and its forms as it is customarily used among
the Moros. This is particularly so of the passive form, common
to all tongues derived from the Malay. The reason for this, apparently, is that all oriental peoples in expressing their ideas give
more attention to an object on which falls the action of the verb
than to the subject. This is just the reverse of more civilized
languages, and is why it happens, many times, to those who are
learning oriental tongues, that without noticing it, they express
their ideas by the passive form, thinking they are using the
active.
Four forms of the passive are known to the Maguindanao
tongue: The radical passive, the passive in "i," the passive in
"en," and the passive in "an."
OF THE RADICAL PASSIVE.
This passive is proper in any radical diction which has a verb
significance, or better yet, in a diction where the verb may be
active by means of the terms which customarily determine it,
and which of itself expresses a full radical and a passive idea,
thus, the radicals teped, surat, and betad express the ideas,
respectively, of cut, written and placed, and from these we may
say: Teped ka su kayo-Cut is the tree or The tree is cut by you,




32


and Betad ka su surat san-Place the book there or Let the book
be placed there by you. To use this passive the subject is placed
in the genitive in a sentence, and the complement of the action
of the verb is in the nominative, as may be seen by the preceding
examples. In the Malay tongue this passive is used in all its
modes, but in Maguindanao it is used for imperatives, rarely in
other modes.
OF THE PASSIVE IN " I."
This passive, which in the Malay tongue is di, is used by simply
placing i before the first letter of the radical as a prefix.
Examples.
Root: Teped-Cut.
Iteped ku su kayo ---  ---- I cut the tree or the tree is cut
by me.
Root: Panic-To go up (ascend).
Ipanic ku su uatu -------------- I ascend the rock or the rock is
ascended by me.
Root: Betad-To place.
Inibetad ni Juan su mga ben- John placed the shirts there or
gala lu.                    the shirts were placed there
by John.
Make use of this passive when the verb expresses exterior action, instrument, cause, or motive why the thing is done, or the
time when it is executed.
Place the agent (the person or thing that exerts power) in the
genitive and the instrument (not necessarily a musical instrument or instrument used for any particular thing, but an article
of any kind, a thing, a noun), cause, etc., in the nominative.
Thus we say: Ipagpasa ka su sundaig — Sell you the cris? Cann
ipalipag ka — When cross you the river? Su acad napita ipalipag ko-Sunday in the morning I will cross to the other side.
Ngain ipanuru ka cani mga ta i —What are you showing to the
people?
We also make use of this passive when we present or give
something to a person, placing the agent in the genitive, the receiver in the nominative, and the thing or object in the accusative. Thus, we may say: Inipait ku si Luis sa munsala-I
brought to Louis a handkerchief.




33


It is well to bear in mind of this passive, and of passives in
general, that ordinarily the agent of the sentence comes immediately after the verb, and the subject of the same comes before
the verb or after the agent. From this we can see in the sentences Icalimu ni Juan si Luis-It is John who loves Louis, and
Inicalinu ni Pablo si Jose-It is Paul who loved Joseph, that
many times they leave off the articles which generally accompany proper nouns (names), and in these cases the subject of the
sentence would be doubtful if it were not for this rule. If the
sentence is an interrogative it is supposed that the agent always
precedes the verb.
OF THE PASSIVE IN " EN."
This passive, which in the Tagalo tongue has the termination
in and in the Visayan on, is employed to express action by the
agent, modifying the subject of the same. Thus verbs which
signify to do, to ask, to call, to receive, to eat, to drink, to think,
etc., are expressed by this passive.
The agent is placed in the genitive, and the last term of the
sentence in the nominative. The termination en added to the
root forms a verbal expression, and in past tenses the term in is
placed after the first consonant of the root, but if the root begins
with a vowel, in is placed before it.
Examples.
Taunguen ka su bantay -------- Call the guard.
Inembalen nilan su ualay _ --- — They have made the house.
Initen ku su mamis si Jose - - - I have brought candy to Joseph.
Pikiren ku mapia su casucar I am pondering over the danger
nami.                         which we are in.
Binilang ku su mga pilac ----- I have counted the dollars.
Inumen ka su gamut -. --- —--- Drink the medicine.
OF THE PASSIVE IN "AN."
This passive, which is common to Tagalos, Visayans, and
Moros, is used in this tongue to express action over a place, which
is the termination or object of the action. It is formed by this
term (an) being placed after the root of a'verb.




34


The place is arranged or put in the nominative, the agent in
the genitive, and the complement in the accusative. When it has
two complements the direct one is placed in the accusative and
the indirect one in the nominative.
More use of verbs is made under this passive than under the
preceding ones-when a place is referred to, when they signify
occupations by which one makes his living, and when to buy, to
sell, to dress others, to close, to mix, to smell, to like, and to
touch, etc., are referred to.
Examples.
Inibetaden ku su surat san sa I have placed the book there
caban.                      in the box.
Ngain a ualay nalusudan ni Which house did Louis go into?
Luis?
Sa pamulaan nengka mamulaan I am going to plant many cocoaku bu madakel a niug.       nut trees in your garden.
Minunutan ku su datar taman I have followed the plain to the
sa palau.                    wooded mount.
Di ka tayungan su ditar -— _-__ Do not touch the dress.
Ududan ku su ladia sa sabao __ I am emptying the soup in the
cup.
Tinguin pagadatan kanu mga   Who respects the aged?
lukes?
It must be noticed respecting these passives and their use that
there are verbs which come under the three (passives), besides
the radical; others come under some, while some admit of only
one, the use of the verb showing whether it is in the right passive
or not.
To have some idea and give some rule on this, it should be
remembered that the passive in " i" serves for verbs which signify
action of the agents as the exterior term, or the instrument with
which it is executed; the passive in "an " for verbs which express
action of the agent as the agent or material from which a certain
thing is made, and finally the passive in "an" serves to express
the place Or end of the action of the verb.
OF THE USE OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE.
To know when it is proper to use the active or the passive the
signification of the verb must be looked to, also the object on
which falls its action,




Although it may not be possible to fix by rules in which cases
one should be used by preference over the other, the following
rules may yet be of service, which are common to other tongues
of the Archipelago:
First. The active form is used when the phrase or sentence is
begun by the agent of the same placed in the nominative, though
we speak in a sense already determined.
Examples.
Saki malimi aku kanu mga ania I love these good men.
a mapia a tau.
Sakisumulatakosacalatasantu. I write on this paper.
Seka mangay ka bu pedtaua- You will go to call Peter.
guen si Pedro.
Saki di ako matau bichara I do not know how to speak
casila.                    Spanish.
Second. Ordinarily the active form is used when we speak in
an indetermined sense or determined only in part.
Examples.
Minum ka sa ig a Pulangui - - - Drink you water from the river.
Macus ako bu sa mga ulac a I will take the flowers from the
kayo.                       tree.
Su Luis tinumauag sa padi -- Louis called the father.
Palusud ka sa mga papan ------ Bring in the boards.
Si Juan namasa m a d akel a John bought many things.
tamuc.
Kuman kanu sa bayabas ania, Eat of those guavas, which are
namalembu a tanto.          very good.
Si Jose muit bu sa timus a Joseph will bring salt from the
Moros.                      Moros.
Third. Ordinarily, also, the active form is used in interrogatives. Thus we say: Tingin manutu bu sa manga Moros su pedtalunn ni senor gobernador?- Who will explain to the Moros what
his excellency the governor says?
Other Examples.
Canumacauma su ama nengka?_ When will your father come?
Tingin a minunut nin?. --- —-- Who has followed him?
Tingin-i mamasa sa seda? —_ — Who buys the fish?
Pila ca tau nalusud sa ualay? - How many persons entered the
house?




36


Fourth. The active form being the most ordinary and frequent
way of expressing one's self, use is made of it when we speak in
a determined sense outside of cases already indicated. Note that
in indeterminate cases when the sentence has two complements
use is made of the passive in "an," or the passive in " i."
Examples.


Init ka sin su surat antu?_ _ _ ---
Ipayupas ka mapia su lantay a
ualay.
Pangui layan ka si Luis engu
su manga ped nin.
Iningayan-in su munsala cani
Ramon.
Pinamasanin langun a palay sa
padian.
Tinguin inauydan su sulat ku?__


Did you bring that book?
Sweep well the floor of the
house.
Hunt you Louis and his companions.
He has given to Ramon the
handkerchief.
He bought all the palay in the
market.
Who has taken my letter?


CHAPTER 6.-INFINITIVES, SUBSTANTIVE VERBS, AND
VERBAL NOUNS.
Infinitives are formed of imperatives, placing before these the
term ca, which for infinitives of past time is converted into kina.
Examples.
Of the root mile-to select:
Present andfuture -_ Mamili ako -- I select or will select.
Past -----------—. — Minamili ako _ I did select.
Imperative ---------- Pamili ako ----  Select you or you select.
Infinitive present --- Capamili --- —- To select.
Infinitive past ------ Kinapamili -  To have selected.
Of the root ganad-to learn:
Present and future_ _ Maganad silan - They learn or will learn.
Past --------------- Naganad nin___ He learned.
Imperative -------—. Paganad kanu - Learn you or you learn.
Infinitive present --- Capaganad ---- To learn.
Infinitive past ------ Kinapaganad - - To have learned.
Su kinapaganad mapia su ca- After John had learned the
pangadi, nabautis si Juan.    prayer he was baptized.




Su capaliu sa lalan di den muna
managup ta.
Su cailay ko salka macaridu su
guinaua ku.
Su kinauma su panday a kayo,
nateped sa ualay su baguer a
endu.
Su capalusud ka sa ualay a mga
salacau a tau pagadat ka kanilan.
Sy capatulug ko, sambayang
aku den.
Su cambuat ku mapita pedtademan ako sa Alatala.


The going into the streetshould
be after one has performed
his ablutions.
Seeing you causes me sorrow.
After the carpenter had arrived
a strong wind demolished the
house.
On entering a strange house
have respect for the people
there.
On going to bed it is customary
with me to pray.
On rising in the morning I commend myself to God.


A substantive verb or word formed of a verb consists of the
root alone with the term ca placed before it after the manner of
forming abstract nouns from adjectives (see Chapter 2, page 14),
and we may thus say: Cabiag, calaeau, calusuld, caembal, cakeii,
etc., words which signify, respectively, captivity, travel, entrance,
work (something done), and food, coming from the verbal roots
biag-to take, lacau —to travel, Insudl-to enter, embal-to do,
and ken-to eat.
The following verbals it will be noticed are formed by repeating the root, and using ca at the beginning of the word. It will
also be noticed that in English the examples below are words
ending with ble:
Caguilec-guilec -------      Terrible.
Calimu-limu ' --- —----------— A Amiable.
Calini-lini ------------—. --- —- Agreeable.
Cabagubaguan..-    ----    New (admirable on account of
newness).
Di pacasicaan. — --- ---—. — Inaccessible.
CHAPTER 7.-ADVICE AS TO THE MANNER OF CONJUGATING VERBS.
First. There are verbs which vary in their conjugation according to their signification. We saw that the verbal root ganad
(chapter 4, page 26) when made a verb with the prefix ilia signified to learn; maganad su mga uata sa bitiara casila-the children




38


learn to speak Spanish; and when given a verb form with um
interposed signified to go out, thus: Canu gumanat bu salkanu sa
nalay nin -When will you have left (gone out of) your house 
The same may be said of the root sambay. If we say pedsambayang ako, the translation is I pray, but if we say sumambay akn
sa glat, then the translation is I beg you to lend me the knife.
Second. The signification of other verbs varies according to
whether or not any syllable of the root is repeated, as happens
with the roots pasan and laguy; of the former we get pamasanto buy, and papasan-to sell, and of the latter, malaguy-to escape,
and inalalaguy-to run.
Third. Of the composing term of verbs, or terms which modify
their significance, used ih the Malay, Tagalo, and Visayan tongues,
some are used in Maguindanao, generally the best known ones
which have been quoted in a few of the foregoing pages.
Pinaca.-This term expresses the idea of "to take the place of,"
or "to be reputed."
Examples.
Su pinacasla sa langun a mapia The best of all good things is
su calimu na Alatala.        reputed to be the love of God.
Seka pinacalukes ku ----------- You are like my father,
or
You are enough like my father
to take his place.
Su buhaya pinacajadi canu mga The alligator is as the king of
seda.                        all fishes,
or
The alligator takes the place of
the king of all fishes,
or
The alligator is reputed to be
the king of all fishes.
Kina.-We have seen that this term serves for past time to
infinitives and for forming certain substantive nouns (see Chapter
6, page 36, and Chapter 2, page 15), thus: Su kinauli silan canu
rnga marat a tan-After they had returned they met with some
bad men. Su kinalutad ku magabi-On my coming down at
night.
Capag.-This term expresses the idea of " after," "on doing,"
"on going," " on entering," etc., and, like verbals, begs genitive of the person or agent, and accusative of the object or




39


termination of the action. Su capagana nu ama ku maula bu akn
manem-On my father's going out (or after he goes out) I will
go also.
Talking of past time, capag becomes kinapag, thus:
Su kinapagkan nilan minagtau After having eaten they excused
silan.                       themselves.
Su pagcalusud sa simban siu- On entering the church worship
men ka sa Alatala.            God.
The term pagca has the same significance as capag, as is seen
by the fact that in the last sentence capagusnd could have been
used as well as pagealusud, the word used.
Maca and Naca are used for the past time. We have seen before that they express the idea of power, command, etc. (see
Chapter 4, page 29). Macapanic akui-I can (have power to) go
up; Nacambuat aku canu mga tau-I have ordered the people to
rise; Macasurat ako cannu nga uata-I make the children write.
Ca.-This term, in addition to its serving to form substantive
nouns of verbs, and abstract nouns of adjectives, is used to express the idea of a thing being finished or accomplished, this by
joining it to the root and repeating the first syllable of the root,
thus: Cagungman ku sn ualay-I ha ve just come out of the house,
or I have just finished coming out of the house; Calilipag nin
saguna-On crossing to the other side of the river, or Having
finished crossing to the other side of the river. It also expresses
a command, or statement tersely uttered, thus: Cagagaan kaWalk fast (Hurry up). Also ideas contained in the words
"hardly," "scarcely," etc., thus: Andau den cagneguleda ako
pagnta ako-Scarcely had I embarked when I became ill.
The term ca as a prefix, with the termination an, to verbs
makes them passive and serves for present time, thus: Calipnnguetan ako nin-I am scolded by him; Catadeilanll ku sin imga lhkes
kn —I think of my elders, or they are thought of by me. For the
past time kina is used, thus: Sn nata a kinanyag kul-The child
that was raised by me; Tantan a kinelbalan na Dios sn dnnaSince the time the world was created by its Maker. In addition
to the foregoing, ca with the termination an in words has the
significance expressed in the following examples:
Qapatayan --- —---------------- A place where a massacre has
taken place.
Cabayabasan _.-.  ---- A place where guavas abound.




40


Cababasalan ---------—.. --- — A place where there are many
pumpkins.
Capacasarucan ---------------- A place of bad odors.
Caamisan.... ---.. —... A place of sweetness.
With the term all as a final to a word we also get the following:
Duda-Dudaan _ --- ——. --- —--- A place to expectorate (a spittoon).
Unut-Unutan —. ----. ---- A leader, one to be followed.
Paigo-Paigoan -........ A tub, a place to bathe.
Pina.-This term is of past time and signifies the completion of
a thing, ordinarily referring to the past.
Examples.
Pinaaua aku nu Gobernador --- The Governor excused me.
Pinabatay aku nin ------—..- - He ordered me flogged.
Ina naluba nu asu   saladeng _ The deer was pursued by the
dog.
Maki and paki (passive).-The term imaki, which for past time
is niaki, signifies "to desire," "to accompany," or to use with
other words something which the root states.
Examples.
Nakimbitiara silan si Luis engu Louis and John talked between
si Juan.                     themselves.
Di ka makisimbur canu mga Do not mix with bad men.
marat a tau.
Makipagueda bu aku canu mga I will embark with my brothers.
lusud sa tian.
This term (imaki) united to a noun signifies to "look like,"
"to carry one's self like," or "to appear like," conforming to
what the noun expresses, thus: Si Pablo Imakipanday a kayoPaul looks like a carpenter.
CHAPTER 8.-VERBS WHOSE CONJUGATION OFFER
SOME DOUBTS.
Pasa-To sell:
Ped-pasa ako sa kuda -..    I sell the horse. (I am willing
to sell him.)
Napasa nin sa ualay -.. --- —-— _- He sold the house.




41


Ped-pasa ako bu sa sapiu ---— _Pasa ka sa sundang anan...
Pamasa-To buy:
Mamasa ako -.....
Mamasa ako bu ---------------
Narnasa nin --- —---------------
Pamasa ka -----------— _ --- —
Su capamasa nu kanu mga papanuc, iket nu pia.
Su kinapamasa nu dato su mga
guinis nauasa.
Pegues-To conquer:


I will sell the hat.
Sell you that cris. -(Not interrogative.)
I buy.
I will buy.
He bought.
Buy you. (Not interrogative.)
On buying the birds you tie
them well.
On the buying (or after the
buying) of the goods by the
Dato they got wet.


Mamegues aku ----— _ --- —---- I conquer.
Namegues nin -— __ --- —---- He conquered.
Pegues ka -....... Conquer you.
tive.)
Su Capegues __ --- —------------ To conquer.


(Not interroga



Su kinapegegues _. --- —--------


To have conquered.


Lenen-To endure (bear):
Lenen ku --------------------- I endure.
Nacalen silan ------------------ They endured.
Alen ka --- —----— __ --- —--—. Endure you. (Not interrogative.)
Pagalen ka -.._ --- —--— _ Endure you. (Not interrogative.)
Su capagalen mapia ------------ To endure is good.
Su kinapaguelen nilan nalaguy Their enduring caused their
su mga lidu nilan.           enemies to flee.
Gragra-To devastate (pillage):
Magragra su mga tau ---------- They are going to pillage the
people.
Nagragra silan ---------------- They pillaged.
Gragra ka --—. ---. --- —---- Pillage you. (Not interrogative.)
Pulang-pulang also signifies to pillage.




42


Laclac-To waste:
Lumaclac ako ---—. --- —-._ I waste.
Linumaclac silan ----—.. —__ — They wasted.
Di ka pag-laclac --- —----- ---- Do not waste.
Su capag laclac marat ----— _ —. To waste is wrong.
Su kinalac-lac nin --- —----— _.. On  account of his having
wasted.
Tanked-To assure:
Tumanked aku su talad ku- -.- I assure that my promise will
be carried out.
Initenked or tinumanked nin su He assured that what he stated
benala catula nin.           was true.
Tanked-ka? ---------------— __- Do you assure it?
Su catanked ----------—....__ To assure.
Kinatanked -----—.. ---. --- —- To have assured.
Nguinguisi-to laugh:
Penguinguisi silan-.. — - __,..  They laugh.
Minguinguisi ako cagay -------- I laughed yesterday.
Nguinguisi ka- -------------—. Laugh you.  (Not interrogative.)
Su canguinguisi --- —-   -     To laugh.
Kinanguinguisi. --- — ----— _ — To have laughed.
Nguinguisian ku saleka ------- I will have laughed at you.
With the adverbs sin (here) and 1I1 (there) the verb sumini (to
go) is formed. For the imperative of this verb use the adverb
as shown in examples below:
Sin ka ------------ -. —. ------ Come you (literally, Here you).
Lu-ka or mu ka. —. --- —------ Go there (literally, There you).
Muu silan --------------------- Go them there (literally, There
them).
CHAPTER 10.-OF ADVERBS.
An adverb modifies the signification of a verb or some other
word with which the verb is joined or used.
The adverb is divided into those of place, time, mode (manner),
quantity, comparison, order, affirmation, negation, and doubt.




43
ADVERBS OF PLACE.


Andau? -------      ---    -..
Sin --- —----------------------
Sia ----------------------------
Saya ------------
Luu or Ruu
San
Muna ------------
Sanguran...._.
Sa licud or Ulian.......
Pantag-Sa-pantag unian __.
Sa baba or Sa lupa ------------
Sa liuauau --- —----------------
Sa  puru  ------------- - - — __.__ -
Didalem. ----------------------
Sa dalem or Sa lusud.-.-..
Sa pagueletan ----------------
Iped, yamung, sa ubay --------
Sa liu, Sa guemau ------------
Masiken... ---...-..
Mauatan      -------


Where? whither? to     what
place?
Here, in this place.
There, in that place.
Here, hither.
Yonder, thither, there.
Yonder, thither, there.
In front of (the first one).
In front of, ahead of.
Behind, at the back of.
In front.
Under.
On top of, above, over.
Up, high, above.
Under, underneath, below.
Within.
Between, in the meantime.
Close to, near by.
Out.
Near.
Far.


ADVERBS OF TIME.


Saguna ---------------—. ---Amag     -----------—... --
Mapita ---------------- -.Cagay --- —-------------------
Cagasandau -----------------
Amay-amay-bu ----------------
Amay-amay ------—. --- —--
Taman...-. ---. ---
Sa luuc -----—. --- —--------—.
Upen ------------------------
Caguina-Caguina pan ----------
Ou-pen or Nia-pen. --- —------


Now, at this time.
To-morrow.
Early in the morning.
Yesterday.
Day before yesterday.
After, afterwards.
Presently, immediately
In the mean time.
In the mean time.
Before.
Before.
At this time, right now.


Nauguet-Nauri.-. --- —------ Late.
Bago-pen      -.. -....... —.. Recently.
Muna-Paganay ---------    Anciently, formerly.




44
Capusan     -----------        Finally, ultimately.
Andang --------—. --- —------- Anciently.
Lalayun --------------—.. — - Always.
De den a tanto --------------—. Never more.
Dala pen -------------------—. Not yet.
Magaan --------------—. --- —- Promptly, quickly.
Sarta -------------—. --- —----- In the meantime.
ADVERBS OF MODE (MANNER).
Maya, manaya --------------— _ So, thus, in this manner.
Mana -----------------—. --- — Consistent with, agreeable to.
Panun?. - ------------------ How?
Pedtibaba -------------------- Purposely, knowingly.
Da tibaba ---------------------- Involuntarily.
Guinaua nin ------------------- Voluntarily.
Macadesan ------------------—. Abruptly.
Mar i pes, mabaling-balingan, Frequently.
uman-uman.
Malumbat, malanat, tana-tana__ Slowly.
Nacambelag-belag —.....    Separately.
Baguer ----------------— __ --- Strongly.
Natecau ----------------—. ---- Suddenly.
Magaguet -------------------- Tightly, closely.
Teguelen.. ----------------- Forcibly, violently,
Mapia --- —------------------- Freely, spontaneously.
Marat --—. --- —----------—. Badly, wickedly.
Lalayan ------------------—..- Eternally, forever.
Mategas.-.....___.  Hardly, rigorously.
Malemec -----------—. ---_. --- Softly, mildly, gently.
Tumana --------------------- Softly, gently.
Nasamaan -----------------—.. Abundantly.
Da pen -------------—.. --- —--- Scarcely, hardly.
Da acalon, da ipag-acalon -  - Unpardonably.
Catatancaan ------------—. --- Justly.
Una-una -. --- —--------------- Principally, mainly.
Asar bu ----------------------- Casually.
Midtegas, miktegas ------------ Tenaciously.
Manem ------      -----      - Also, likewise.
Luar ----—. --- —------------—. Simply, only.
Manamar ---------— Constantly.




45


ADVERBS OF QUANTITY.
Sugat --- —--------------------- Sufficient, enough.
Calabauan — __ --- —------------ Excessive, more than enough.
Sama -------------------   ---- Abundantly, excessively.
Madakel --------—. --- —------ Much.
Paidu, Babaidu ---------------- Little, small in quantity.
Pila? ------------------------- How much?
Da --— _ --- —----------------- Nothing.
Tanto ------------------------- Very, much.
Paidu sama u kulang ---—. ---- Little, more or less.
ADVERBS OF COMPARISON.
Labi --- —----  ---------------  More.
Culang -------------—. ---. ---- Less.
Mana --- —--------------------- So, so much, as well, as much.
Madiadi pen ------------------- Better yet.
Labi mapia --- —--------------- Better.
Labi marat -------------------- Worse.
ADVERBS OF ORDER.
Muna ----.....    Firstly.
Cauli-._..                -.......  - Lastly, ultimately.
Tundug......    -. After, next.
Ngaga isa             ------—. Single.
Caga dua -.... —.....   Twofold.
ADVERBS OF AFFIRMATION AND NEGATION.


Uay  -----—.. --- —-----. --- —.
Di, da ---- -----—. --- —-----—.
Diden.. ----        ---------
Di pen  ------------------------
Da acalun --------------------
Di kena, da --------------------
Benal-benal ----------------—,


Yes.
No.
Never.
Not yet.
Never.
Neither, not either.
Certainly.


ADVERBS OF DOUBT.


Antapen. —. --- —-_ --- —_ ---.Sumalac, basi. -.- -----------
Pabila. --- —------.. --- ——.Ugaid.,,.. —,.. —, ---..- -


Perhaps.
By chance, by accident.
In case of.
Probably.




ADVERBIAL MODES,
Salebu-............ --------—. To the exception of, at the expense of.
Alang-alang.. --- —-. --- —----- So so.
Di kena alang-alang -.. --- —--- Not any way, under no consideration.
Sa punan..-.. --- —------------ At the beginning.
Pagueletan -------------------- Among themselves.
Saluc ------------------—. ---- To the middle, in the middle.
Sa dua mbala ------------------ Of both sides.
Takilidan-taliguidan ----------- At the side.
Sa cauanan, sa biuang --------- To the right, to the left.
Amag mapita --------------- To-morrow in the morning.
Mapita-pita -------------------- Very early in the morning.
Tumindeg...-             On foot.
Ngaga macaisa ---------------- Sometimes.
Casalac bu _ --- —-------------- One with another.
Madelag a tanto.           Rarely.
Atu-atu   - ------  ----------- In a little while.
Da acalon, da pacaidanum..-  It does not matter, it makes
no difference.
Taman sin taman luu ---------- From here to there.
PREPOSITIONS.
Puun, taman ---- --------- - - Since.
Sampay, taman ---------------- Until.
Sangul. --- —----- ------------- Toward.
Sabap, sa —. --- —.. ---------- For, on account of.
Ped a --- —------------------   With.
Sanguran ---------------------- Ahead, or in front of.
Linauau ----------------------- Over.
Baba.. --- —-------------- Under.
Sa ubay. --- —-----—. ---.- ------ Into.
Sa -------------------------- At, on, in to.
Paguelatan ----  ----        - Between, among.
Canu, canu ------------------- For.
Mana, ya ---------------------- According to.
Da -. ----------------   W ---    ithout.
Unut, licud -__ --- —----------- Behind.
Pura-pura --------------------- Under, below.
Macaren --- —------------------ Against.




47
CONJUNCTIONS.
Amaica ----------------------- If.
Udi, amaica di ---------------- If not, but, except.
Di kena-                       Neither, nor.
Amayca ---------— _. --- —----- In case.
Asal -----------------------—. Is that, provided that.
A pabila, pabila -- --.. —. In case of.
Amayca maya, amaica maytu - - This being as it is, being as it is.
Calo-calo --—. --- —----—. --- — If by chance.
Amayca, u --------------------- So that, therefore.
Enduken?? -------—.__-_.       Why for.
Caguina ca -------------------- Why.
Mana ya-......  Therefore.
Entauna ---------------------- But.
Endu -----------------         Why for, for what.
Di, di manem ------------------ Nor, neither.
Pidsan ---------------------- Though, notwithstanding.
U-maytu ---— _.. --- —-------- If it is thus.
Manem -------------------—. Also.
U-di bu manan-....... If it is not so.
Caantap ----------------------- It may be.
Caguinaca..-....   Although.
Ngu pen-.. -----.     So that.
INTERJECTIONS.


A inau!. --- —------
Abaa! ------------
Umbes! --- —-------------- ---
Ay! -----.. --- —---------
Ingat canu! ---------
Denguer canu! --------
Canugu-nin! ---
Dua-nin! -   ----------
Sarig-ka! ---------------------
Cagangaan! -------------—. ---
Ilaen ta pen! ----------


Oh!
Ah! (An exclamation of admiration.)
Would to God!
Hello! (salutation).
Look out!
Silence!
What a pity!
Poor soul!
Courage!
How quick!
We shall see!




48


SENTENCES AND PHRASES IN COMMON USE.
SENTENCES AND PHRASES IN COMMON USE FOR ASKING, GIVING,
BEGGING, AND AFFIRMING.
Ngain ngalan entu? —. --- —— _. What is this called?
Talu ka salaki saluman -------- Tell it to me again.
Ingay nenka salaki su pilac - - - - Give me the money.
Di aku miug -—... --- —----—..   I do not wish to.
Dala pilac-ku.. --- —----  - I have no money.
Pananguit-ka inia u sa ualay ni Take this to Peter's house.
Pedro.
Idual ka salaki su cursi anan.. Reach me that chair.
Ngain i kiugan engka? —., --- —- What do you wish?
Tinguin ka?-....... Who are you?
Ngain i ngala nengka?. --- —---- What is your name?
Ya ku ngalan si Juan ------— __  My name is John.
Aden dtalun ku salka..-.. I have to speak with you.
Catanan aku nengka?.. ---.  Do you know me?
Uay, catauan ku seka --------- Yes, I know you.
Nauguet a gay a quina kilala-i It is a long time since we met.
ta den.
Ipakineg ka pia-pia --—. ----.- Listen to me well.
Uay, pakineguen ku pia ------ Yes, I will listen to you with
with pleasure.
Panun?. --- ——. --- —   -.  How?
Nacambelag-belag.-. ----     Separately.
Malimu su Alatala canu manga God loves mankind.
tau.
Pekinasila ka? ---------------—. Do you speak Spanish'
Matau aku sa paidu..-.. Yes, a little.
Nguin i panguenin nengka? -  What do you beg?
Di Imapacay, da cabalebeg-in - __ It can not be, it is impossible.
Uay ----—. --- —--— __.. -...   Yes.
Uay Dato ----------------------  Yes, sir.
Di --------—.. —. --- —-------  No.
Di Dato --------------------—. No, sir.
Sapulu a salamat ---------   Many thanks.
Sinumin ako ka pasalamat aku I come to give you thanks.
salka.




49


SENTENCES AND PHRASES IN COMMON USE FOR PASSING THE
COURTESIES OF THE DAY, ETC.
Salamdu aku salkanu ------— _ I salute you all.
Asalam mualay cum ----------- Peace be with you all.


Alai ku misalam -------------
Su Alatala ya matau salkanu -_
Maguetau aku den -------------
Ngain i betad nengka? --- —...Ngain i betad niu saguna? --- —
Ngain i betad ni ama nengka?Mapia sa calimu na Alatala ----
Micapia aku den, na salka
micapia ka.
Micapia aku den ---------------
Ngain i betad nu masakit antu?
Cauli-ulian den? -— __ —_ --- —

Mana ca gagaan su masakit
antu.
Sin sa duna dala mapasad a
pacapia su guinaua ta.
Mauguet ka a tanto sin sa duna_
Canu i cambalingan ka sin? ----
Amay malulen _ --- —--— __ ---Sa amisendau ----—. --- —-----
Taman sa cappaluman -—.....
Maguetau aku salka ----------
Enduken ka paguetau ka? - - - 
Ayan ka muna ----------------
It ka sin su cursi ca ayanan su
Capitan.
Di aku den mayan, ca pengagan
aku.
Madakel a pengula-ulan ku..
Mbalingan aku bu amay ------
Di aku maguetau sa cadenan ku_
Paguetau ka suguna den ---—.
Macapaguilayata  bu   amay
cagabi.
374 -4


With you all let it be peace.
God be with you.
God be with you, I now depart.
How are you?
How are you all?
How is your father?
Well, by the grace of God.
I am now well and you are also.
Also am I well.
How is the sick one?
Are you getting better? Getting better, you?
The sick one is getting worse.
There is not on earth a complete comfort.
May you live many years.
When are you coming again?
This evening.
Day after to-morrow.
Till I see you again.
I take my leave of you.
Why do you go?
Sit down first (before you go).
Bring the captain a chair.
I can not sit down, as I am in a
hurry.
I have much to do.
I will return shortly.
I will not leave my master.
Leave this instant.
We will see each other this
evening.




50


Idsain ka silan ngain i cabetad
nilan?
Enduken ca pinaua ka nin? 
Caguina ca minacau sekanin sa
Espana.
Maguetau aku den    _. — ---
Macau ka saguna? --- —-- --— _
Mangay aku sa ualay ----------
Endau ka pun?
Pun aku sa Simban ------------
Aden a inisugu nilan salaki._ -
Panic ka --- —----— __ --- —----
Lutad ka den -----—.
Ilutad ka su pagalungan..Lusud ka..-_........... --- —-.
Aua ka sin- -.....__.....
Lacau ka den -....Di ka pedtana -..-...    _
Tanaka pen    -  - -    -----
Di ka pengagalebec.. —..
Pengagalebec ka -... —_ ----._Ubay ka sin.-    _..
Sibay ka. — ---------------—. -
Iseg-iseg kanu sa maitu sa ulian
Sin ka —..   --- ---— '.Apa ka sa paidu -.....
Di ka papalaguy... ---
Lacau-ka magaan.. --- —.
Aua ka san  -----------------—.
Calugat aku -..... 
Di aku pacalacau..n..
Panalus ka sa lalan....Manalus tanu sa lalan ania.
Ngain i masiken sa dua lalan
anan?
Nia i masiken. ----......
Nia va mauatan-... ---
Mauatan pen? --- —-.
Masiken den ---------------


Ask them how they are. '
Why did he make you leave?
Because he went to Spain.
I am going.
Are you going now?
I am going home.
Where do you come from?
I come from church.
They have sent me a message.
You go up.
You come down now.
Take down the mirror.
You come in.
Go away from here.
Go.
Do not stay.
Stay;
Do not move.
You are moving.
Come close.
Get away, or Go away.
Move yourselves a little to the
rear.
Come here.
Wait a little.
Do not run.
Go fast.
'Get away from there.
I am tired.
I can go now no more.
Follow the street.
We will go forward on this
road.
Which is the shorter of these
two roads?
This is shorter.
This is longer.
Is it yet far?
It is now close.




51


Endau su ingued? ------------
Di ku catauan, Capitan -------
Endau su lalan a pedsanguran
sa ----?
Endau su ukitan sa —..?
Saguna pen i kinapacauma-ku -
Itulu nengka salaki su mga
lalan.
Unut ka salaki --- —---
Itulu nengka salaki su lalalan
a pedsangul sa ingued.. --- — 
Ngain i lalan a masla? -----
Mayan tanu pen sa paidu ------
Madakel a budta --- —----------
Naca-tindulas aku ---------— _Paidu aku ya bun maulug -----
Uli ka sa ualay, engu uit ka su
carrusa.
Isangan ka, cochero ------------
Magan ka --- —-----------------
Matitu ------------
Sa cauanan ----------------— _Sa biuang
San ka sa sabala -. --- —---—.Mbalingan ka___ -____. ---
Clid  ka --- —------------------ 


Where is the town?
I do not know, Captain.
Where is the road which goes
to --—?
Which is the way to --—?
I have just arrived, I am a
stranger.
Show me the streets or roads.
Accompany me, or Follow me.
Show me the road to the town.
Which is the big road or highway?
We are somewhat sorry.
There is much mud.
I have slipped.
I nearly fell.
Go home and bring the carriage.
Get the coachman.
Hurry up.
Upright.
To the right.
To the left.
Get to one side.
Come back.
I will come from the other side.


SENTENCES AND PHRASES IN COMMON USE FOR DENOTING SOMETHING RELATIVE TO TIME, THE SEASONS, THE WEATHER, ETC.
Ngain gay saguna? --------—. - How is the time? or How is the
day?


Mapia gay --------------------
Marat a gay  ---------
Gay a mayau saguna ----------
Linekepan su gay ---    - -...Macapal a lekep ---------—. —
Pagulan a gay -----—,


The time is good, or The day is
good.
The time is bad, or The day is
bad.
Summer season or time of heat.
The day is getting cloudy.
There is much mist.
A rainy day.




52


Di pagulan   ----------
Mulan bu taman sa magabi.
Mergues den a ulan.... —
Di ka pagaua, mauasa ka bu -- 
Benal bun, ca nanasa aku _ -..
Ingay nengka salaki su payong_
Muu aku den, ca benal bun a
mayau sin a tanto.
Pendadalendeg ---------------
Peparti. --- —----------------
Lumalap-lap ------------------
Parti --- —--------------------
Pegkilat_ ------------------
Naulug su isa parti sa ualay ni
Juan.
Calu-calu basi tumalus bu su
subu-subu.
Maguilec aku a calabauan sa
inga dalendeg.
Lusud kanu sa alung a ualay
ania.
Pedsebang su mga bituun ------
Amay ca sumedep su senang
baling ka sia.


It does not rain.
It will rain all day.
The rain is very heavy.
Do not go out, for you will get
wet.
What you said was so, for I did
get wet.
Give me the umbrella.
I am going, for it is truly very
hot here.
It thunders.
Lightning is striking.
Lightning zigzags.
Lightning.
Flashes of light.
Lightning struck John's house.
It is possible that it will terminate in a hurricane.
I am very much afraid of thunder.
You all go into the hall of this
house.
The stars are now coming out.
When the sun sets you return
here.


Maliuanag su ulan-ulan. --- —_ The moon shines.
Magabi den ------------------- It is now night, or late.
Cadtibuas den ___ --- —--------- It is now daylight.
Magan pamutian den su senang_ It will soon be dawn.
Ilai ka u pagulan --------- ----- See if it rains.
Mapita pen a tanto, casabutan  Very early in the morning, do
ka?                          you understand?
Mapita-mapita _ --- —----      Very early in the morning.
Ngain i capulu na senang? -  What time is it?
Catauan nengka su capulu na Do you know what time it is?
nenang?
Mapulid den _ —_ --- —--------- It is one o'clock.
Lujul --- ___ ---_ --- ----. ----..  It is three o'clock.
Magan den malulem ----------- It is near dark.
Asal den su senang --- —-------- It struck five.
Dala pen basi ---—. —. --- —-  I believe not.




53


Aden horas san sa ualay? ----- Is there a clock at home?
Mautu a senang paigu ako bu__ At twelve I am going to bathe.
Pucaua ku sa luc a gay -------- Wake me at midnight.
Mapia uay ataua di, na ilain ku By yes or by no, I am going to
su horas.                  see what time it is.
Dala pen basi, ca mapulu pen It can not be, because the sun
su senang.                 is high.
Di ka pelipat-i su sugu ku salka_ Do not forget what I have commissioned you to do for me.
Ngain i ngalan su ulan-ulan In what month are we?
saguna?
Naca-pila ulan a di nengka Since you have been to Cotcalacau sa Cotavato?      tabato?
Naca-pila gay ka sin sa ualay?_ You have been home?
Ualu ragun, isa ulan engu anem  Eight years, one month, and six
gay.                       days.
SENTENCES AND PHRASES IN COMMON USE FOR DENOTING SOMETHING RELATIVE TO EATING AND DRINKING.


Cagutem ako ------------------
Miug ka kuman? --------------
Uay ca pelunusan aku den -----
Kan ka sa agad-agad ----------
Palitagac ka sin engu ka macakan.
Ngain kiugan ka kuman? --- —Paguisupan ------— _ ----------
Caguina ca saguna mapita, gala
aku magutem.
Kuman tanu ------------------
Saki kinuman aku den ----—.Napangaluda kanu den su ken -
Nia den sa dulang su ken ------
Ayan ka sin tampal sa cauanan


I am hungry.
Do you wish to eat?
Yes, because I am dying of
hunger.
You eat something.
Stay here to eat.
What do you wish to eat?
Anything.
It is very early yet, and I do
not feel like eating.
Let us go and eat.
I have already eaten.
Put the food (dinner) on the
plates.
The food (dinner) is now on the
table.
Sit here to my right.


ku.
Ngain entu? lengan ka den, What is that? finish it all, it is
ca paidu bu.                very little.
Panalagad ka sa cadenan ------ Serve the gentleman.
Nia ken calabauen a matimus - This food is very salty.




54


Pacainum ako -------— __ —.-.. I am thirsty.
Inguin aku sa ig engu arac ---- Give me water and wine.
Taguy ka sa arac, engu paca- Serve wine, and move fast.
gaan ka.
Sugat den --- -----—.. --- —. Enough.
Nausug aku den.. —...  I am satisfied.
Kan ka sa casbudan, ca mapia__ Eat the fat part, which tastes
better.
Inguin aku sa palanan a sapu - - Give me all lean.
Miug ka sa bambang ataua Do you wish bread or rice?
umay?
Kuman aku sa manuc a pia- Eat roast chicken.
guiau.
Su ken va mapia ------     _ The food (dinner) tastes well.
Da timus inia ken ----------—. This food is saltless, insipid, and
tasteless.
Inum ka sa paidu ---— _       Drink a little.
Isa sakedu sa ig --- —---      A glass of water.
Iten ka sin su canan a guina- Bring a clean plate
gasan.
Unas-i ka su salidut -.-_-_ --- —- Clean the spoon.
Paidu ka i cakan. -.   You scarcely eat.
Paidu pan.....-..........  A little more.
Sabuul a padidu pen ----   - Still a small piece.
Sa sunguit pen-._.-.... A mouthful more.


SENTENCES AND PHRASES IN COMMON USE FOR DENOTING
SOMETHING RELATIVE TO SLEEPING AND WAKING.


Mangay tanu tumulug —.- -- Let us go to sleep.
Tumulug tanu den --— __      We sleep now.
U ka den tulug ka- ------------ Go to sleep,
Di aku pacatulug -------     I am not sleepy.
Midtaquinep ka basi? --- —..-.. You have had a lucky dream.
Paguedarn, pagtuluguen.-._. — Wake up, sleepyhead.
Panmanguedan kanu den ------- All are awake.
Picauan ka si Juan --- —-------- Wake John up.
Embuat ka, magan ka --- —----- Get up instantly.
Su paras nengka bagu pen na- It can be seen by your face that
caguedam.                    you have just gotten out of
bed.
Nacaguedam aku den, cadenan_ I am now awake, sir.




55


Nacaguedam su cadenan neng- Your master has waked up.
ka?
Pedturug pan sekanin ------—.- He is yet sleeping.
Apa ka sa paidu! --- —--------- You wait a bit!
Diden, capacatulug aku a cala- No; for I too am falling with
bauan.                     drowsiness.
Tulug kanu langun! ----------- All of you to sleep!
Ngain a horas i caiga nengka?_- At what hour will you go to
bed?
SENTENCES IN COMMON USE FOR DENOTING SOMETHING RELATIVE
TO SERVICE, ETC.


Panguilay ka su manalagad
salaki.
Aden sacatau sa lupa a miug
manalagad salka.
U matau manalagad, papanic
ka sekanin.
Endau ka tau? --- ——. --- —--...
Tau aku sa Ilocos...Pila ragun su kinauguet ka sun
duna?
Dala ako pen macapanalagad___
Calitagac ka den sin sa ualay-__
Sukayan no salka sa pat a biring
uman ulan, u capacay salka,
udi panguilay ka sa salakau a
cadenan.
Malat su kinalayam nin. --- —--
Pangilay ka sa baliuan nengka
saguna den.
Cua ka sa ig sa parigui, engu
taguy ka sa paigoan.
Panisin ka su lusud a ualay ----
Ucain ka su pintu --—.. --- —_ —
Pintuan ka paniluangan anan-_
U aden pacauma sin a tau, talu
ka dala aku sin sa ualay.
Matau ka mules sa mga kuda?-_
Endau ka nanalagad? ---------
U ako nanalagad sa ualay ni
Juan.


Find me a servant.
There is one below who wishes
to take service with you.
If he knows how to serve, let
him come up.
Where are you from?
I am from Ilocos.
What is your age?
I have never served anyone.
Remain here then.
~I will give you four pesos a
month, if you like, and if not
you may look for another
master.
He has bad habits.
Look for one to take your place
immediately.
Draw water from the well and
put it in the tub.
Sweep out the parlor.
Open that door.
Close that window.
If anyone comes, tell him I am
not at home.
Do you know how to govern or
manage horses?
Where have you served?
I have served in John's house.




56


Na seka tingin ka? ------------ And you, who are you?
Saki su pamagapuy --— _ --- —.- I am the cook.
Matau ka mamagapuy mapia?- -Do you know how to cook well?
Tucau-i aku bu tajragi ca --- —- Try me before you take me.
Pagapuy ka saguma ------------ Go in the kitchen now.
Taluun ku pen salka, masan- I warn you beforehand, I am
guila ako a tanto sa cakan.  very delicate in my eating.
U aden a macalupet sa paguisu- He who breaks anything should
pan bayadan su alaga nin.   pay for it.
SENTENCES IN COMMON USE FOR DENOTING SOMETHING RELATIVE
TO RISING, ETC.


Cadenan, pidtalu nengka salaki You told me to wake you very
na mapita-pita pukaun ku   early, sir.
salka.
Sumebang den su senang? --- — Is the sun rising?
Miug ka cumua ako sa ditar a Do you wish me to get out some
mapia?                     clean clothing?
Di, cua ka muna sa isa cayab, No, bring me a sheet, for I wish
ca paigu aku.              to bathe.
It ka salaki ditar a mapia - - Bring me clean clothing.
Naca-kilala ka sa patatabungau Do you know any good barber?
a mapia?
Pacalilala aku sa isa ---------- I know one.
Na panguilay ka sekanin, engu See if you can find him, and
muit sekanin sa glat a ipana-  have him bring a good razor.
bungau mapia.
Matau ka tumabungau pia-pia? _ Can you shave well?
Uay, cadenan, saki bu i mapia Yes, sir, I am the best barber on
patatabungau sa lalan antu.  this street.
Pagingat ka sa capanabungau, Shave me with much care, for
ca malemu aku capalian.    my skin is very thin (tender).
Gunting-gui aku --------—. --- Cut my hair.
Miug ka sa mababa tanto? ------ Do you wish it very short?
Di, malo-malendu-lendu  sa No, a little long.
paidu.
Pila isucay ku salka?-... What do I owe you?
Seka bu i matau -------------  What you wish to give.
Pila i kiugan ka sa saca ulan, How much do you want a month
panabungau ka salaki gaga  shaving me every other day?
dua gay?
Amay ca man, na sin ka den Come then, from, to-morrow.
puun sa amag.








Taguy ka sia sa ig -----   - Put water here.
Cua sa bangala, salual engu isa Get a shirt, pair of trousers, and
a ipanising.                 a towel.
Isin ka su sapiu ------------— _. Bring me the hat.
Nia su mga talumpa -------— _- Here are the shoes.
It ka sin sa isa kayap -------—. Bring a sheet and soap.
Cadenan, su ig natagu den sa Sir, the tub is full of water.
paigoan.
Paguipat ka sa ualay ----------- Take care of the house.
Paganadi ka su canditar ku, Learn how to dress me, and take
engu paguingat ka pia su     much care of my clothing.
ditar.
Iaua nengka su budseng sa mga Take the dust from these shoes.
talumpa anan.
SENTENCES IN COMMON USE FOR DENOTING SOMETHING RELATIVE
TO A JOURNEY.


Endau mapia, u magueda tanu
ataua lumalag?
Migcarat su lalan sa lupa, sa
ragat mapacay mukit, entauna labi mapia sa lauas a igPakineg ka, bankero, sin ka.. --
Pila isucain nengka ibetas ku
seka?
Upat-pulu a cuarta -----—.. ---
Muig ka sa dua?....,.
Na u tanu den, ingat kanu ca
basi tanu matalekeb ---------
Ayan ka sa luuc, engu di ka
ngagalebec.
Mauatan tanu pen? --- —----.Di, cadenan, masiken tanu den- 
Ngein a horas i cauma tanu? -_
Mauguet tanu, ca casunsung
tanu su ragues.
Nelat ka su layag -------------
Nacuda, ingat ka, ca marat su
capagauang tanu ___ n -- _ --- —
Ngain cauatan sin taman sa
ingued?


Which is the best way, by water
or by land?
The road is bad, you can go by
sea, but it is best to go by
river.
Listen, boatman, come here.
How much do you want to take
me to the other side of the
river?
Four reales (bits).
Will you take two?
Let us go, then, and don't tip
over.
Sit il the center and don't
move.
Is it very far?
No, sir, we are now close.
At what hour will we arrive?
Late, because the current is
against us.
Put up the sail.
Pilot, have a care lest we go
wrong.
How far is it from here to the
town?




58
Telu horas, cadenan -----—. — Three hours, sir.
Ipanguilay aku nengka sa kuda Find me a horse and a good
engu isa a pangunaan.       guide.
Pila ibayad ku salka, Capitan?_ How much do I owe you, Captain?
Cadenan, nia den su nabilang  Sir, here is the account.
Marguen den ----        ---- It is very dear.
Natancaan den ania sa malay- It is according to the regular
aman.                       rate.
Pakipanguilay ka sa ualay a di Find me ahouse that is not dear.
mapulu su alaga nin.
Ngein cauguet nengka sia sa Will you live in it for some
ualay ania?                time?




PART II.-OF SYNTAX, PROSODY, AND
ORTHIOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER 1.-OF SYNTAX.
Syntax is that part of grammar which teaches us the mode of
uniting words to express intelligently our conceptions.
If, in expressing our thoughts by words, we guard the rules of
construction, syntax is said to be regular; if otherwise it is said
to be figurative.
In this pamphlet we deal only with regular syntax.
OF CONCORDANCE.
Concordance is the conformity of variable words in grammatical use. It may be of gender and number among substantive
nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles. This concordance has
no place in Maguindanao, as all nouns are common of two, and
articles and adjectives of three, without any of them changing
their terminations. This also happens of the concordance of
number and person, which consists of placing the verb in the
number and person of the subject, as in this tongue the verb has
the same termination for all numbers and persons, as has been
already stated.
Su bengala maputi. ---.. --- —-- The shirt is white.
Su tau maputi ----------------- The man is white.
Su mga layac maputi ---------- The sails are white.
Mangay bu si tmga sondalo -—. The soldiers will come.
Mangay ka bu siln -._      You will come.
Mangay bu sin si Juan —.    John will come.
In these sentences it will be seen that the same word inaputi
(white) serves for all genders and numbers; and the same term
mangay (will come) serves for all numbers and persons.
(59)




60


OF THE REGIMEN.
Regimen is the dependence which some words have to others
in a sentence. This dependence is considered in Maguindanao,
more or less, as in other tongues.
A substantive used with a preposition requires another substantive, as: Kuda ni Jose-Horse of Joseph.
A substantive used with a preposition also requires the verb
to be in the infinitive, as: Sulat ca capaganat-Book for learning,
or Bookfor to learn.
A noun without a preposition makes the substantive appear as
the subject: Su asu nalalaguy-The dog escaped; Nacauma si
Luis-Arrived Louis, or Louis arrived.
A pronoun is required to appear only as a subject of the verb,
as: Seka manalus den-You pass now; Saki di matau aku lumanguy-I do not know how to swim.
The adjective before a preposition may be used with a substantive, a pronoun, or a verb, thus: Matiguel sa catalad-Faithful
to apromise; Malenmi san saleka —Easy for you; Malugat sa capanuru-Tired of teaching.
An active verb may be used with a substantive, pronoun,
adjective, adverb, another verb, or an entire sentence, thus:
Sumialig ako sa Alatala-I confide in God; Nailay ako sekaninI saw him; Aden mnapia tan-There are good people; Padtalu nin
baliuanac a tanto-Speak very clearly; Miug ako mbalingan-I
wish to return; Isapalan ku salka magag'  cann ped nenka-I
prohibit you from going around fighting people.
In the regimen there are two classes of complements or subjects
used: The direct complement is that on which falls the action
of the verb directly, as: Cuan ka sn bengala-Take the shirt; Saki
iaalimu ako sa Alatala-I love God. The indirect complement is
that on which falls the action of the verb indirectly, as: Di nin
ming tutulen sn magadi cann mga vata —Ie does not wish to
explain the sentences to the children; Inuit nilan sn mga kuda sa
valay-They have taken the horses home. In these two sentences
"the children " and " home " are objects or indirect complements.
In the first two examples under direct complements "the
shirt" and "God" are direct complements as are "sentences"
and "horses" in the examples under indirect complements.
There are some other rules treating of the regimen of words
and of construction in Maguindanao, but we abstain from giving
more, as real and fixed rules are not yet known to this tongue.




61


OF CONSTRUCTION.
Construction is the placing of words in their proper order in a
sentence.
The natural order is that the article be first, and it should be
followed by a noun, which in turn is followed by an adjective,
the verb and adverb coming afterwards. Between these parts
of a sentence others are sometimes placed in order to better or
more intelligently carry out the idea intended.
Grammatical sentences may be simple or complex. A simple
sentence consists of a single proposition: Mayall su senang-.The 
sun heats; Su kayo mababa-The tree is low. A complex sentence
is one some element of which contains a subject and a predicate:
MiLng su Alatala maga-sorga sa langun a tan-God wishes all men
to save themselves.
A simple sentence may be a first or second. Firsts are those
which have a direct subject, verb, and complement: Su panday
a kayo membal sa valay nin-The carpenter makes his house.
Seconds are those which have a subject and verb: Si Luis paganat-Louis studies.
Respecting the verb in a sentence, it may be a substantive, an
active, a passive, a neuter, a reciprocal, or a reflexive or reflective
verb.
We have before stated that this tongue is lacking in the verb
"to be " and the verbal expression "to be in a place," and to
express ideas of their nature a substantive is simply used with
the adjective for " to be," and with the place for "to be in a
place," as may be seen by the following: Seka maguda tanYou are young, and San su asu-The dog is over there.
The verbs " to have " and "to take " are expressed by aden:
Aden tan sa valay-There are people at home; Aden manue si
Luis-Louis has chickens.
Neuter verbs form sentences in the same manner as the verb
aden, thus: Nacanma si Victor masakit-Victor arrived sick.
This is a first simple sentence. Gulinanat sekanin-He left, is a
second simple sentence.
Sentences of active verbs are formed with the subject in the
nominative, the verb, and the direct complement or accusative,
if they are firsts: Su ama malimu canu mga vata nin-The father




62


loves his children. If they are seconds, with the subject and
verb only: Pedrn miga-Peter reclines.
Sentences of passive verbs are more difficult than others on
account of being more complicated. These are formed according
to the modes of passives, which we have already explained. If
they are in the passive in "i," the direct complement is placed
as the subject in the nominative, the verb in the passive in " i,"
and the subject in the genitive: Ipanic ka su sapin-Up with the
hat, or Bring the hat up. If the instrument (thing or noun),
cause, or time used for accomplishing anything is expressed, it is
placed in the nominative, the agent in the genitive, and the sub
ject or direct complement in the accusative: Su patue ineloalen
engka sa anang-You have made the boat with a hatchet; Sabap
seka inembal-an ku sa valay-On your account I have made the
house; Su ilan-ulan entu pamulaan engca sa palay-Plant the
rice this month.
The passive in "en" has no variations, and is formed by
placing the direct complement as subject in the nominative, the
verb in the passive in "en," and the subject in the genitive:
Libeten engka Ru valay-Are you nearing the house?
In the passive in " en " the place is used, or where the action is
executed, as the subject in the nominative, the verb which now
becomes an, the agent or subject in the genitive, and that which
is the object of the verb or direct complement is placed in the
accusative: Ududan engka su lalan sa ig —You are spilling the
water in the street; Papasan in sui padian sa langun a tamanPurchase all the things at the market.
Sentences of infinitives are formed in this tongue the same as
in other languages. In addition to the subject, and the verb in
the personal mode, called "determinate," they carry others
which pass for the present of the infinitive called " determined."
They may be firsts or seconds. They are firsts if they consist of
a subject, determinate verb, determined verb, and direct complement, as: Sin tga Moros muing capaganat sa bahasa casila-The
Moros wish to learn the Spanish tongue; Sn mga marat a tan di
napacay capasaut,sa sorga-The wicked can not attain glory.
The seconds are those which have not the direct complement
expressed, thus: Langun tant inapatut capaguinugut-We all
should obey; Ungaya sekanin di capatay-He desires not to die,




63


Finally, sentences with relative pronouns are also formed as in
other languages. They are composed of two sentences called
the first or antecedent and the second with a relative, as the term
a, which is a relative, occurs in the second part of the sentence,
thus: Si tan a pedsugal di panguyag sa mga vata nin —The man
who gambles does not support his children; Su mga nmanobo a
imangangauit, pedcauasa silan-The Monteses who work become
rich.
CHAPTER 2.-OF PROSODY AND ORTHOGRAPHY.
Prosody teaches the mode of accentuating words properly in
order that they may be pronounced correctly, and that euphony
may obtain.
It is not known in this tongue, when it is written in Arabic
characters, how the words are accentuated, and for this very
reason, and on account of the crudity of the dialect, it is difficult
to make any set rules for accentuating when it is expressed in
other characters.
Practice in speaking with the natives will enable one to get the
proper sounds of words, which can then be accentuated with
some degree of correctness.
For the same reasons given above, fixed rules of orthography
can not be given in Maguindanao, and, as before stated, practice
in speaking with the natives will enable one to write and spell
properly.
In this tongue there are no known rules of punctuation. The
Maguindanaos have a final point or period only-this they call
"hayat."








A BRIEF VOCABULARY OF ENGLISH, MAGIJINDIANAO, ANDI MALAY.
OF THE SKY, SUN, MOON, STARS, TIME, ETC.


English.         Maguindanao.         Mly
God --------— Allah-allahta-haia — Allah.
The universe ---— Alam --- —--— Alam.
The sky --- —-— Sorga ------— Surga.
The firmament --— Langit --- —-— Languit.
The horizon --- —-Kaki-la-ngit --- —-Kaki-langit.
The atmosphere- --— Kauang-Kauang - --- Udara.
The sun --- —-— Senang --- —-— Mata hari.
The sunrise --- —-Sebanb --- —-— Mata hani naik.
The sunset ----— Sedep --- —--— Mata harih uasok.
The sun rays ---— Sinabr a se-nang --- Sinar niata hari.
Eclipse of sun --- —Gala-na or garana - — Grahana.
The moon --- —— Ulan-ulan. --- —-Bulan.
New moon ----— Bago oi-sebang ---     Sa hari bulan.
Quarter moon -     Ic — -lapitn a sebang - - -- Bulan sablah.
Full moon ----— Talai-na --- —-— Pernama.
The north    -     Masaric    -    -i Utara.
South ------— Kiblat. -------— Selatan.
East --- —---— Sebangan --- —-        - Timor.
West -----         Sedepan  ------— Barat.
Star -------— Bituun -------- Bintang.
Flash of light -   Kilat --- —--— Kilat.
Lightning --- —— Parti or leti    -    Petir-panla-petir.
Thunder -----— Dalenldeg --- —— Guntar.
Earthquake -----— Linug       -       Gempa tanah.
Cloud ----     -   Gabun       -      Avan.
Rainbow --- —— IBulutu --- —-— Plaug-ii.
374-5                 (65)




66


English.


3aguindanao.


Mist... --- —------ Lekep --------------
Dew -. --- —--------- Namug --- —--------
Comnet ------—... --- Bituun  bericor or
berasab.
Morning star   | —  - Macabangas.-..
Evening star -------- Macaruni ----------
Orion --------------- Bituun-guiubar - - -
The Pleiades --------- Kartica or Langao -
Pole star.-. Bituun-utara ----—.
Northeast ----------- Utara ------—.Northwest- -. --- —-- Utara-sa taguru ----
North and northeast Buan utara ----—.


Malay.
Kabus.
Embun.
Bintang bericor or
berasab.
Timor.
Petang.
Bintang el jabar.
Kartica.
Bintang-kutub.
Timor-laud.
Barat-laut.
Barat-Barat sa mata
selatan.
Selatan-Tongara.


wind.
South and southeast
wind.
West and southwest
wind.
The warm season - --
R.ainir Qoinafrvn


Timor —.. --- —


Salatan-Barat --- - I Timor, timor-laud.


Musim a mayau - - - Musim panas-Mu.
Mn fi tn -hn.ra t.  Vi n a1 i -hn i n n




The year --- —------ Ragun or lagun-      Tahun.
The month -.... —.. Ulan-ulan --------- Bulan.
One week.. --- —---- Saca-padian -------- Satu ningo.
Sunday -----         Acad -....       Achad.
Monday. --------— Isnin       -      -..  Senen o isnein.
Tuesday --- —--.     Salasa.. ---. - Selasa.
Wednesday --------- Arba -------------- Rabu.
Thursday --- —----- Kammis --- —------- Khamis.
Friday -------—.. ---  Guiamat ----------- Jumaat.
Saturday ------------ Saptu -------- ---- Sabtu.
The first month-     Mujarram --- —----- Muharram.
The second month -- - Sapar ------------- Safer.
The third month - -- Rabi-el-aval ----.    Rabi-alaval.
Fourth month-.......  Rabi-el-ajir-..-.- Rabi-alakhir.
Fifth month --------- Guiumadil-aval -   Jemad-alaval.
Sixth month -------- Guiumadil-ajir - -... Jemad-alakhir.
Seventh month -.    -Raguiab ------------ Rejab.
Eighth month -   -_  Xaban ------------ Shaaban.
Ninth month -,, ---- Ramadlan Puasa - - - Ramthan.






67


English.              Maguindanao.              Malay.


Tenth month ---
Eleventh month 
Twelfth month. —
The day --- —------
To-day --- —--------
To-morrow ------— _
Yesterday -----
Midday --- —Early morning ------
Late evening ---— __Very early morning_ _
The world --- —------
The earth --- —-----
Water ---     ----
The people -. -------
The animals -----—.
The birds ----------
The fishes- ---------
The sea -------------
The high seas ----— _
Sand --- —-----------
Rock --- —--------
Swamp --- —---------
Lake ---------------
River --------------
Plain ---------------
Wooded hill --- —----
Canyon -------------
Ravine ------—. ---
Woods --------------
Precipice --- —------
Spring --------------
Clay or mud --- —----
Island --- —----------
Isthmus --- —.
Cape.-......


Xaual
Chiulcaida ---------
Chiuljiguia --- —--
Su guey -------— ___
Saguna -------—..Amag --------------
Cagay --- —---------
Gutu senang-..-_ ---
Mapita -------------
Malulem ----------
Amag mapita-pita _
Duna-....-    -
Lupa --- —----------
Ig. --- —---------
Manusia --- —Binatang ----
Papanuc.._.
Seda -------
Dagat-Laut -—. --- —
Kaludan -----------
Pedtad --- —Uato-. --- —--------
Pauas -------------
Lanao --------------
Lauas a ig ---.....
Datar    -----
Palau _....
Alug a madalem -.-_
Landeng ----------
Dam a kayo-Calasan_
Lacungan ----------
Bualan ------
Budta --- —-----—.Balet -------
Talitay --- —-------
Tuca-..-.., ----, ---


Shaval.
Zil kaedah.
Zil hay-jah.
Hari.
Ini hari.
Esoc.
Kelmarin.
Tengah hari.
Pagi.
Malam.
Esoc pagi-pagi.
Dunia.
Tanah, bumi.
Ayer.
Manusia.
Binatang.
Burong.
Ikan.
Laut.
Kaludan.
Pasir.
Bato.
Paya.
Danao.
Sunguey.
Padang - Tanah lapang.
Gunung-Bukit.
Lembah yang dalem.
Xelah gunung.
Rimba-hutan.
Karang batu.
Mata-ayer.
Lumpur.
Pulau.
Leher-tanah.
Hujur-tanah.




68


English.


Maguindanao.


Malay.


Port -------—.... —
Bay --- —-----—.. —
Seashore ------------
Canal.....Estuary -----—. -_-_
Bridge......
Mouth of river..
Current -------------
Iigh tide ----------
Low tide ----------
Well --- —-----------
W ater. --- —. --- ——.
Salt water -—. --- —--
Fresh water --- —----
Fire  ----------------
Lightning ---—. ---
The light --- —-------
Ashes......
Darkness.   _..
Spring ---—. --- —--
Source of river ---
Cave ------------—.
A post of wood. ---The wind -----—..


Linec-Labuan ----   Pe-labuh-an.
Sugud —. —. --- —--- Teluk.
Liguid a dagat -— Pantey-Pasisir.
Pantecan ---------- Serakan-Parit (si
hecho de mano).
Cacar. ----. ---. —.  Saluran-Sarokan.
Titay -----: ----.  Titi-an.
Minanga ------------ Muvara.
Regues. ----. —| Harus.
Pagurug     --! Ayer pasang.
Paguirat ----------- Ayer surut.
Parigui ----— _ ---- Prigi.
Ig..- -............ Ayer.
Ig-matimus-...  Ayer masin.
Ig a mataban ----— 1 Ayer tavar.
Apuy-..... ---. -—. I Api.
Gueti ------      - Bunga-api.
Sulu -------      - Trang.
Hau, umbi. --- —--- Habu.
Malibuteng -------- Glap.
Bualan --------—. — Mata ayer.
Ulu a ig ----------- Hulu sunguey.
Tacub ------------  Goa.
Kayo.. --- ——.... - Kayo.
Endu....... --- - Angin.


Man ---------------
The people ----------
Male —.. --- —----
Female ------------
Body --- —-----------
Head --------------
Stomach -----—. ---
Foot —. —. --- —--


CONCERNING MAN.
Tau.............n Orang.
Manusia -.         Manusia.
Mama.. ------     Laki-laki.
Babay-             Parampuan.
Lauas              Badan.
Hulu ----   --     Hulu, Kepala.
Tian-      ------ Prut.
Ay _ ---_ ---        Kaki.




69


English.               Maguindanao.                 Malay.
_.~.                                                     Maa..     _


Arm -------------
Shoulder --— _ --- —_Bone -----------..
Brain ---------------
Chest-.......
Breasts ----—. --- —
Cheeks......
Ears --------------
Elbow...
The eyes -----------
White of the eyes 
Pupils  ------—. ----
Eyebrows -------— _
The eyelids --- —-----
The face -----------
The features --------
The forehead -------
Hair --- —----------
Hand ---------—. ---
Right hand — _ --- —Left hand- ----------
The nails -----------
The mouth --—. --- —
Lips ---------------
Lungs -_. --- —— _Navel ---------------
Bone ---------------
Marrow
Liver ----------—.Heart --------------
Neck ---------- -—.
Nose.... —..  ---
Nerve --- —----------
Vein........
Stomach.._.
Rib.     —.-.._
Blood ------—. ---..


Nglay -. --- —-------
Bicuggung ---------
Tulan-. --- —---— _Utec -----------—.
Laleb ------
Susu. --- —--------
Pipi --- —-----—....
Talinga ------------
Siku-.... --- —--—.Mata.... —.
Puti a mata -------
Tau a mata —. —___Kiray --------------
Taculab.....
Bias-Paras ----
Paras 
Beneng. --- —-— _ ---
Buc  ------     - -------
Lima-.-.............
Lima cauanan..
Lima biuang- -----
Kuku ------
Ngali --- —-----
Bibil --------------
Masuc-caloal -------
Puset --- —---------
Tulan ------
Utec a tulan -. ----
Hatay ---------—.
Pusung -----------
Lig  --------------
Hirung ---------—.
Ugat.......
Ugat-rugu....
Caslaan   -----
Gusuk --------— _Rugu ------


Lengan.
Blakang.
Tulang.
Otak.
Dada.
Susu.
Pipi.
Telinga.
Siku.
Mata.
Matah-puti.
Biji mata.
Kening.
Kelupak mata.
Muka.
Paras.
Dahi.
Rambut.
Tangan.
Id. canan.
Id. kiri.
Kuku.
Mulut.
Bibir.
Peparu.
Pusat.
Tulang.
Otak tulang.
Hati-Limpaho
Jantong.
Leher.
Hidong.
Urat.
Urat-darah.
Ampedal.
Rusok.
Darah.




70


English.            Maguindanao.               Malay.


Saliva --- —----------
Tongue,.-...
Teeth
The skin -.. --- —----
The memory -------
Understanding ------
W ill --------------
The soul -----------
Judgment -.. --- —---
Love --- —----------
Goodness of heart - - 
Anger.. --- —-.. ---Desire ------
Affliction or sorrowThought --------—.Odor or scent --------
Sight --------------
Pain. --- — ---------
Cold, distant. --- —.Cough -------------
Consumption..-__ ---Blind --- —---------
Epilepsy —. --- —----
Inflammation -------
Lanme ----—. --- —--
Dumb. --------------
Deaf --- ------------
Leprosy.. —.-...
Swelling..     __
Humpbacked -------
Matter, pus --------


Duda --------—.. ---Dila.. --- —, ---------
Nguipen.. --- —----
Upis ---------------
Tanud --- —-—.. ---Sabut -------------
Guinaua -----
Naua --- —----------
Akal-balik ----
Calimu --- —-..
Hattay    - - - - - - - - -
Ripunguet ------—.
Kiug --- —-—.. ----
Kasusan-Caridu guinaua.
Capikir, pandapat_ -
Casium-Baun ------
Cailay --- —---
Sakit --- —---------
Lesema --- —--------
Batuk -----------
Prayuren --------
Buta..-..
Babuy-babuy ------
Bingui ---------—.
Timpang -----------
Mau ------------— nBisu --- —---... -
Pamuti --- —--------
Lembag -----------
Becung ----— _ ---Nana --- —----------


Luda.
Lidah.
Gigi.
Kulit.
Ingatan.
Budi.
Kahandak.
Nyavvah-Jivva.
Akal-Budi-bichara.
Pengasikan.
Hati.
Marah.
Kainginan.
Kasusah-an.
Fikiran.
Chium.
Peng-liat.
Sakit.
Selismah.
Batok.
Batok-Kring.
Buta.
Savan-babi.
Bentan.
Timpang.
Bisu-Kelu.
Pekak.
Kusta.
Bengkak.
Bangkok.
Nanah.




71
OF BUILDINGS, BUILDING MATERIAL, AND FURNITURE.


English.


Maguindanao.


NMalay.


House ---------------
Door ------    -___ --- —,.
Floor -------------
Room --- —---------
Corner —,_ —_ —___ —
Kitchen.....
Roof   -.. --- —-.. — -
Gable --- —----------
A partition ----
Board-_.
Stone ----------— _Brick ---------------
Lime --- —-----------
Nail ----------------
Lock -----------— _.Key --- —----   -..
Window --—....
Staircase ------------
Chair-......
Bed......-.-..Broom -
Cradle --------------
Mosquito bar -----—.
Mattress -. --- —--—.
Pillow --------------
Scissors -------------
To sew -------------
Pincers -------------
A wooden bowl..
Hatchet — 
Anvil --- —-     ----
Plate ---------------
Jar ------------—.
Spoon -....
Chisel-    —. --- —---


Ualay ---------
Pintu --------
Lantay.__-    -
Bilik ---------------
Pinjuru. --- ——._Dapuran --------—.
Atep  ----  ---------
Kasau. --- —----
Dinding ----—...
Papan --- —. --- —---
Uato --- —--—...
Bata  ---------------
Apug --- —----------
Paku --- —--—.. ---Kunsi -------------
Gunsi -------------
Paniluagan. -. ---__
Toac --------— ____
Cursi --- —----------
Igaan ------— _..
Payupas. --- —-----
Duyan ------------
Culambu -----—..
Tilam. --- —-—. —
Ulunan ------.
Gunting --—. --- —Mamanay ----------
Sepit ---------------
Dulang __ ---_ --- —Patuk --- —--------
Randasan._-....
Lampay.
Cuden. --- —-----—.
Salidut. --- —------
Panasang -------—.


Rumah.
Pintu.
Lantei.
Bilik.
Penjuru.
Dapor.
Atap.
Kasau.
Dingding.
Papan.
Batu.
Batu-bakar.
Kapur.
Paku.
Kunchi.
Anak-kunchi.
Jendela.
Tangga.
Krosi.
Tempat-Tidor.
Peniapu.
Buayan.
Kulambu.
Tilam.
Bantal.
Gunting.
Pemidangan.
Sepit.
Dulang.
Kapak.
Lendasan.
Pingan.
Pruik.
Sendoc.
Pahat.




72


English.                Maguinidaniao.


Malay.


Bridle --- —---------
Spade, hoe...
Grinder, mill --- —--
I --- —---------—.-: Cakang....
I Sancul ------------
Batu guilingan -----
I Saki, Aku ----------


Mine --------------- Laki.
Yours -------------- Seka-Leka...a.
His -. --- —----— i Salkanin-Lekanin_ _
We (all of us)       Salkitanu ---     ---
We (you and I) --- Salkita ------------
We (exclusive of you, Salkami -----
plural) --- —-------
You or ye (plural)   Salkanu ------------
They.. ----  Salkiran -----------


Kang.
Chankul.
Batu guilingan.
Aku-Sa iya Jamba.
Puna aku.
Angkau-Dikau.
Iya. Dia. Nia.
Kita orang.
Kita.
Kami.


Kamu-Kamu orang.
Dia orang-Marica.


A FEW SENTENCES.


Of what country is
that man?
What is your name?
What is this for? ---Where are you from?_
Bring here another - -
Understand ---------
Take, carry ---------
Be careful not to arrive late.
What is that worth?To-morrow you will
buy.
How much per day?_
Give me a needle with
a little thread.


Ngain su ingued a
tau antu?
Ngain  su   ngala
nengka?
Ngain i guna anan?
Endau ka pun? ----
It ka sin sa salacau -
Pacasabutan -------
Pananguiten -------
Ingat ka, dika mauguet.
Pila i alaga anan?__
Amag mamasa ka
bu.
Pila ngaga isa gay? 
It ka sin sa raguum
engu paidu a tanur.
Pila silan? ----


Apa bansa ma orang
itu?
Apa ka nama ngkau?
Apa ka gunia itu?
Derimana angkau
datang?
Casi ka lain.
Mungarti.
Membaua.
Jangan lombat datang.
Brapa ka arga ini?
Beso angkau bulibili.
Prapa satu hari?
Casi sama sa ja
satu batang giarom
sama sidi kit benang.
Brapa caping ada?


How many are there?




English.


Who are in port? - --
Take that home -----
They are unable to
distinguish friends
from enemies.
It sleeps by day and
watches (or is
awake) by night
(the cricket).
Sell, buySmall, large..-.
Live, die. —. — --
Let it be thus --


'Maguindauiao.
Tinguin sa dalem a 
linec? 
Pananguit ka ana sa
ualay.
Di ta makilala ngain
pagari ngain lidu.
Amay ka gay tumulug, magabi ndiaga (su dalanug).
Pasan, pamasan ----
Padidu, masla -----
Kuman, minum ----
Mauyag-matay -----
Umbes I -----


Malay.


Apa ada dalam labuan?
Menbua angkau itu
yang rumah.
Tiada- lah - berkenalan kavan dengan
lavan.
Siang-tidor, malam
jaga (Yang kring).
Jual, membeli.
Kechil, besar.
Makan, minum.
Idop-mati.
Kira nia I
Baik, jahat.
Tanan, dangkiri.
Ja, tiada.
Didalem, luar.


Onr     will. if,!


- --  " -- -lrU  -------


Good, bad. --------- Mapia, marat _ —..,
Right, left _ --- —---- Cauanan, biuang - -
Yes, no ------------- Uay, di --- —--------
In, out -------------- Lusud, liu ----------


SOME VERBS.
To fan _... ---..-... Mangambel ---
To abolish. --- — _ —  Yaua --- —----------
To hate -----------— Pangandam --------
To hug -------------- Gakesen --- —--
To abridge __ --- —-. Pacababaan --------
To open ----------   Buca-an-Pembuka __
To abuse ------      Manipu    -------
To finish ------     Mapasad -----
To kick -----------— Sumipa --- —--------
To accompany. --- — Maped-Munut ------
To advise ---------— Paguindau.. --- —---
To lie down.... --- - Miga ------------
To increase.... ---- - Umanan --— __ ---
To accumulate..-_... Matimu ----------
To accuse ---—.....   Masabi sa sala ------


Kipaskan.
Buang.
Benehi.
Dakap.
Renkaskan.
Membuka.
Maki-Manipu.
Putuskan.
Tendang.
Ikut.
Nasehat.
Baring.
Ber-tambah.
Pungut.
Dava.




74


English.              Maguindanad.              Malay.


To admire ----------
To drown ----
To reach ---—... ---
To feed ------------
To lodge -----
To rent-.......
To raise --- —----—.To love --- —--------
To frighten ---------
To unite...-..
To appear ----------
To   applaud   with
hands.
To tighten
To approve ---
To appoint....I
To plow --- —--------
To pull...
To drag --- —To snatch -.To repent ------—.To arrest ------------
To kneel _.. --- —---
To dart.......
To saw --- —    —.
To tie --- —-—.......
To dare -----—. ---To aid ---—. --- —-,
To dance -----------
To descend ---------
To bathe --------—.
To sweep........ ---To drink ------—..

Salacauan ----
Paca-guetan         -- -
Masaud ------------
Uyaguen --------
Ingay su pedtulugan_
Sukayan -_ --- —----
Itungul.. --- —------
Malimu -----
Paguileken --------
Baluten-Iketen - 
Ipayac -------------
Casuad ------------
Lupit  --------------
Benaren su capia -.- 
Tandaan -... —
Domado ----—. ---Bandut --- —--------
Guyuden ----
Inagau ------------
Sanditan su guinaua_
Bilanco --- —-—., ---
Mincut ------------
Ituk -......
Magaro-gari -------
Iket   -—..... --
Macarau -----------
Tabang-an ---------
Pagsayan --- —Lutad --------------
Paigo ----------—.Payumpas ---------
Minum -—. ----. ---


Heiran.
Tengguelam.
Sampei.
Peliharakan.
Tumpang.
Seva.
Angkat.
Ber-Kasih.
Takut.
Ikat.
Inei.
Tekok-Tangan.
Lepit.
Menanguio.
Tuju.
Bajak.
Petek.
Melata.
Rampas.
Meniesal.
Tangkap.
Melutut.
Lempar-buang.
Lotong-gergajio
Ikat.
Brani.
Tolong.
Menari.
Turon.
Mandi.
Supa.
Mindlm.
Chim.
Meng-Uap.
Olok-Olok.
Tunggang.


To kiss --------       Sium ---—. --- —----
To yawn ------—..-  Manguap --
To ridicule -------— Pedta-taua ----    --
To parade- -. ----  Makuda..-  -.



English.


To nod --- —---------
To fall --- —--------
To calculate- --.-...
To change.__.....
To sing --- —---------
To load -------------
To punish.. -.
To dig --------------
To hunt-......
To sift --- —---------
To close --- —--------
To suck —....
To curtail -----------
To nail. —.-. ---
To boil --- —---------
To covet ------------
To catch ----—. --- —
To hang- -._ --- —----
To eat --------------
To pity -------------
To buy --- —---------
To fix --- —--
To buy.. ---..
To finish ------------
To confide ----------
To know ------------
To conserve ---------
To refer
To count ----------
To agree ----------
To invite --- —To shorten -- -.. ---
To sew --------------
To grow. --- —--------
To believe --- —. --- —
To raise chickens ----
To cover ----------


Maguindanao.
Mangantuc --- —---
Mauluc ----------
Itung, bilang -. ---Sambi —.. --- —----
Pedsengal -. --- —--
Musan...      _..
Pergaan -----------
Pedsangkul --------
Manganab- - -. ---Masiri --- —--------
Kunchi-en ---------
Susupen -----------
Maga-islam  -—. -
Patucan.._..
Pacalutu ----—.. —
Ungaya ------------
Cuan ------------
Bitinen --- —--------
Kuman-Makan - 
Malimu --—. --- —--
Bandingan --------
Pacapia-en -—. ----.
Pamasan -----—..Mapasad..Parachaya-Ma-sarik_
Makilala.....
Itunguen__________ 
Tuntulen ---------
Bilang --     ----
Masurut -----------
Angaten --- —Tapeden ___.__. —_Pamanay ----------
Mbetu --- —---------
Paratchaya --------
Uyaguen i ayarn  ---
Sapeng-an -.. --- —


Malay.
Mengantok.
Yatoh.
Hetong, bilang.
Tukar.
Me-nyanyi.
Muat.
Hukumkan.
Men-gali.
Menburu-kejar.
Ayak.
Kunchi.
Men-his ap.
Men-sun at.
Pakukan.
Masak-Rebus.
Meng-inguin.
Tangkap.
Gantong.
Makan.
Mengasihani.
Bandingkan.
Men-baikien.
Bli.
Habis-kan.
Perchaya.
Tahu.
Simpan.
Bilang.
Menjadi.
Yemput.
Banxung, P o t o n g
Menetak.
Yahit.
Ber Turnboh.
Perchaya.
Meng-ram.
Tudong.




English.              Maguindana)o.               Malay.


To whisper —
To care --------------
To give -------------
To let out sail- -------
To say --------------
To leave --------—.Tospill ---- ------
To melt ------------
To desert --- —To untie ------------
To neglect --- —To desire ------------
To loot --- —---------
To dismay --- —To flay -  ---—.
To awaken -------
To marry
To destroy ----
To disappear ---
To defer --- —--
To divide --- —To double --- —
To sleep ------
To begin -----
To push -------------
To elevate --- —To light, ------
To find --- —---------
To encounter -------
To deceive ----------
To bind
To teach ----
To string. --- —------
To understand --- —--
To enter....
To poison ----
To send -—.. --- —-.
To select -----------


Pagtunga --—.
Paguipat _, --- —---
Ingay -------------
Lumayac ----------
Talu --     ------—.
Tagak.._ --- —-----
Ududen ---
Tunag --- —---- ---
Tagaken-_.....
Bukaun ----------
Malipat ------------
Ungaya -— _ --- —--
Carusen -----------
Mahilo -------------
Upisen -.-_ --- —Pucaun ----------
Talad i kauing -----
Magra --- —-----—.
Maparac ----------
Pacaugueten -—. ---
Bahagi-en --------
Lepin -------------
Tumulug.. --- —---
Punan.......
Tulak     ------
Pangulibed --------
Tutudan --—. --- —Matun -----------
Macasembak ------
Matipu-Magakal 
Iketen -------------
Manuru _ --- —------
Pangatuguen ------
Sabut —. --- —-----
Lumusud --- —------
Membisa..-.
Menuit-Suguen.
Mamili ----------—.


Ber-bisek.
Peduli.
Ber-kasi-Membri.
Ber-layer.
Ber-kata.
Meniggalkan.
Tumpah-kan.
Hanchur.
Tinggalkan.
Buka.
Malaleikan.
Ber-ka-handak.
Koyak.
Pengsan.
Kupas kulit.
Ber-jaga.
Tukar-chinchin.
Rosak. Ber-layac.
Lenniap.
Tanggoh.
Bahagi.
Lapiskan.
Men-tidor.
Mulay-Mulaina.
Tolak.
Henggap.
Memasang.
Ber-pumpa.
Men-dapat.
Ber-tipu.
Menyirat-choban.
Meng-ajar.
Kikir.
Mengarti.
Masuk.
Merachunkan.
Ber kirim.
Men-pilih.




English.              IMaguindanao.               Malay.. _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


To  hide  ----.-.. ---. -
To scatter --- —To wait --- —----—.
To be in a place,To sneeze ----------
To deliver....
To examine ----
To excite ------------
To explain ----—. ---
To extinguish...
To favor --
To fry ---   -----
To smoke ----------
To gain.. --- —-. ---
To govern. --- — _ ---
To drop..-..
To shout -----------
To try --- —------—.
To have and to take_
To inhabit --- —------
To talk -------------
To do --------------
To make signs — __ —
To tickle -.....
To inherit -----—.
To wound. ----
To boil --- —----
To thread ----------
To swell -    ----
To humble ----------
To honor -----------
To steal......
To inquire ---------
To interpret --- —----


Maguena -.
Iparac -------------
Magagapa ---------
Aden -. --- —---
Macamban ---------
Ingay --------------
Pariksa -. --- ——.
Pamitiaran - - - -. -
Tuntulen -----------
Bunuen -----------
Pacauntung-Mali
mu.
Sendaguen....
Pedsigupan-._..
Manaban -------- _ -
Mamarinta ---------
Mag-tag ----... —.. —
Pelalis- ------
Taaman -. --- —---
Aden -. --- —---—.Ngkaleben ---------
Talnun --- —-------
Embal......
Kerata..
Manguitec ------— _
Peppusaka ---------
Ma-pali..-.. --
Dumidi-ma-didi ----
Subiden ------------
Lumebak.___ --- —Dampuan ----------
Magadat....
Manegkau ---------
Parisksa --- —-------
Ulugan    sa  mana
or isalin.
Lacau, mangay. ---
Daremtan ---------


Sembuni.
Tabur.
Menantikan.
Ada. Yadi.
Bersin.
Gesek.
Preksa.
Ber-niala.
Me-niantakan.
Padam.
Ber-untung.
Goring.
Minum rokok.
Men-dapat.
Men-rentah.
Bochor.
Menjeret.
Men-rasa.
Ada.
Tinggal-Diam.
Ber-tutor.
Mem-buat.
Melambei.
Men-geli.
Dapat pusaka.
Me-luka-kan.
Mendideh.
Pintal.
Beng-kak.
Pijak.
Hormat-kan.
Menchuri.
Preksa.
Kasi-arti.
Pergi.
Main pili.


To go --- —----------
To play ------------




78


English.             Maguindanao.'              Malay.


To swear ------
To lick --- —--------
To wash 
To read ------------
To arise-. --- —-. —
To call --- —--------
To arrive
To fill-.-..-. ----. —.
To carry -----------
To cry ------
To rain
To pound -------— _To wither -....
To chew -----
To kill --- —-----—..
To measure -
To beg.....
To lie (tell falsehood) 
To mix -. --- —--—..
To look -----—.-___.
To grind -. --- —-----
To bite --.. --- —--
To die..-  ----
To murmur — _.___ —
To bear (bring forth)
To swim..
To wreck -. —. ----.
To navigate ---------
To deny —. --- —-__To do business --


Pedsiapa -------— _
Dilaan --- —---------
Pipian --- —--------
Magbacha ----------
Tindeg-en ---— _ ---Tauaguen..__.
Macauma ----
Mapenu -
Oiten...
Pedsegad ----------
Mag-ulan ---------
Rupeten, pedlu-pit__
Pedtanes -------— _
Mama --------------
Bunuum -— _Tembuken ---------
Pedsedeka ---------
Embutuden --------
Pedsimbur __.._ ---
Pandang-May-lay- _ 
Guililen  --— __ ____- -
Magabut   --— _
Matay --------
Mamuras -------—.
Inembata --- —Lumanguy _ —.-..Maled -------------
Magauan -----— ___
Ipalau......
Peddagan-dagan - --


Ber-sumpah.
Menjilat.
Basoh.
Men-bacha.
Naik.
Panggil.
Sampei-batang.
Meng-isi.
Bava.
Menanguis.
Hujan.
Tumbok.
Ber-layu.
Mamah.
Men-bumoh.
Ber-ukur.
Minta-Sedekah.
Bahong.
Champur.
Pandang.
Ber-kisar.
Men-gigit.
Mati.
Ber-sungut.
Te-per-anak.
Bernang.
Berpexah.
Berlayar.
Mangkac.
Berdagan.


To name I-   -...   Ngalanan --— _-__ — Bernama.
To obey ---—....  -  Maguinugut -------- Turut.
To observe. —..   I Tulikan ----—..-... Nampak.
To obtain -------— _  Masaut --- —-------- Dapat.
To hide   --         Maguena.-..   Sembuni.
To occupy -----. Nantapic ----       - Pakei.
To offer. —._ —. ---. Dtalad ---  --—.    Tavar.
To hear -----      - Makineg ------------ Dengar.




79


English.        |      MNaguindanao.               Malay.


To smell -----   - Baun ---— _.__ ---
To forget ----------- Calipatan-.-. ---
To oppose ---—. -----  Matu- -. —_-__._ ---
To oppress ---------- Lupiten ------—. - 
To harangue -      Magadi ------
To order -.... Suguun -  ----
To live...-     [M_ a Mauyag --------—.
To return..- __.  Mbalingan.-   -.
To stroll ---      Lacau-lacau..-.
To sin ----        Masala ------
To beg   ---       Pangani -------
To borrow ----      Mutang ----
To shorten ---------- Mupis -------------
To fight-. — --—.- Magucac....
To think --— _-__ --- Pamikir --
To pardonI Ampunan ---------
Toweigh ___-_ --- —- Timbang.....
To fish -— Manikep-....
To point..-... Rumebur --- —To fold -.. —..   ------ Lepiin -—....
To put -------------- Ibetad --- —--------


Chium.
Lupa.
Malauan.
Auyaya.
Minta-Doa.
Suruh.
Hidop.
Balik.
Benpalan.
Berdosa.
Mintah.
Pinjam.
Kupas-kupan.
Ber-klahi.
Jikir.
Ampunkan.
Timbang.
Panching.
Lapuchat.
Anyam.
Letak-bubon.


To ask --------—.. —
To prepare ----------
To lend --------—..
To prohibit ---------
To promise ----------
To scrape ----------
To split
To mark ------------
To receive --------
To repel --- —-------
To gather ----------
To redeem --- —------
To cheer ------------
To laugh --------—.
To oar ----.To strap ----------
To quarrel     ----


Idsaan. --- —. --- —---
Manimu ------------
Paghutang ---------
Isapal......
Tumalad ----------
Kikisen -----
Upaken... --- ——.
Pamitalan --------
Tarima --- —--------
Pauan -------------
Tebasen -----------
Tebusen ---------
Malilini  -------—.. -
Tataua ------------
Mapura-pedayong --
Iuasan ------------
Palaua -------------


Tania.
Sediakan.
Kasi pingam.
Karankang.
Berjanji.
Kikis.
Meretak.
Garu-garis.
Trima.
Tolok.
Kampongkan.
Tebus.
Bersuka.
Tertaua.
Berdayong.
Rendam.
Berteng-kar.




80


English.              Maguindanao.                Malay.


To respond ---------
To twist --------
To rob -------------
To implore ------— _To break --------—.
To snore.. --- —-----
To jump --—. --- —--
To salute. --- -..
To bleed
To ransack -.. ---To seduce.__...
To reap -------------
To follow -----
To plant -----


Sumaual -----
Bibiden -—. --- —--
Menagcau ----------
Pangani --- —-------
Pedsa --------------
Pelenguc ----------
Sumayau___.      _
Salamdu- -----
Pampanan -----— _Lusudan -------— _Akalan.- ---
Magaga.. --- —------
Munut    -. ---
Mamula ---—.


To sit                Mayan -------------
To feel.. ----      Magatel -----------
To be --------------- Aden _-_ --- —-----
To loosen --------- Butauan -----------
To smile --------—. Tataua.....
To blow -----------— Yupen --    ---------
To support ----—.. — Lenen -----. - -----
To ascend.. -— Manic......
To sigh.... —. --- —  Guminaua ---------
To wear... --- —-— Manaul --- —--------
To tremble. --- —---- Kekeren -----------
To stretch -----      Cayaten ------
To have a care -----— Ingat --- —----------
To throw ----------— Itug.     --—.
To touch ----------— Sapun-dapenet -----
To take ---------     Tarima --- —----
To cough ----— __ --- Batuc-embatuc ----
To toast-             Panguiaun — __-....
To work ----------— Ngalebeg --- —------
To swallow -------- Linuun --—.. --- —To value ------       Betuan su alaga -.
To conquer -----       Mapipit -—.  --
To sell ------------— Pasan


Javab.
Pulaskan.
Rampas.
Minta.
Pechah.
Groh o deng-kor.
Melompat.
Ber-salam.
Berdarah.
Samun.
Kasisuap.
Tuei.
Mengikut.
Menabur.
Duduk.
Gatal.
Ada.
Lepascan.
Simugum.
Bertiup.
Berdiri.
Panjat.
Menjelah.
Tenun.
Gementar.
Bentang.
Ingat.
Tarek.
Ketok.
Ambil.
Batok.
Pang-gang.
Karja.
Telan.
Nilei taroh harga.
Menang.
Jual.




$   V




I I   THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN?I1
DATE DUE
APR 2 0 1987




UNIVERSITY F MICHIGAN
3 9015 00501 2359
r. S t.". X..




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