0co co~ ~ Q \~~~~~~~U 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ L .......... f~frt~~rrfTT J T WI..,~T 1 fill~a HILL AIO SV~'414e VUFqj H-A. A I HAWAII A PRIMER BEING A SERIES OF ANSWERS TO QUERIES FOURTH EDITION HAWAII PROMOTION COMMITTEE ' HONOLULU, HAWAII 1908 MERCANTILE PRINTING CO., LTD. HONOLULU, T. H. M I J"Iv -1~ la I1,* CONTENTS Geography.......................................... 5 Form of Government.............. 6 Cities and Population.............. 8 Communication...................................... 10 Citizenship and Society... 10 Fraternal Orders................................... 12 Hawaii's Business Life..13 Financial................................ 13 Men Who Control..14 Hawaii -An Investment...16 Products and Markets.. 18 Imports and Exports..22 Opportunities...................................... 22 Land Laws...... 23 Schools and Churches............. 25 The Water Supply............. 28 Newspapers.......................... 29 Hawaiian Race......30 Nothing Noxious........................ 30 Points of Interest........... 30 Greatest Volcanoes........... 34 Distances and Fares........... 37 How to Get About........... 38 Ocean Distances from Honolulu................. 40 Roads and Railways.................... 40 Modern Hotels..................... 41 Language............................ 42 Steamer Lines................... 42 Military Importance.................... 44 What to Wear................... 46 Agricultural Possibilities................... 47 \ Climate................... 50,> Remarks...........v..... 51 Cost of Living... 52 Sports.............................. 54 Angling-A Coming Sport.................. 56 Hawaiian Language.................. 60 Two Opinions.................. 64 1903 rr 1J9.2007 t!COAST eN 1SCAND OF HAWAII iil~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ H A WAil I THE Hawaiian Islands lie in the North Pacific Ocean, between 18~ 54' and 22~ 14' North Latitude, and 154~ 48' and 160~ 13' West Longitude. They were discovered by Captain Cook in 1778. In the thirteenth century a Japanese junk touched at Maui and about the year 1550 survivors of a wrecked Spanish ship bound from Mexico to the Philippines landed on southern Hawaii. Tilere are eight inhabited islands, the largest being Hawaii, from which the group takes its name, with an area of 4,015 square miles. The second is Maui, 728 miles, and then come Oahu 598, Kauai 547, Molokai 261, Lanai 139, Niihau 97, Kahoolawe 69 square miles, or a total area of 6,449 miles. Outlying Islands to the northwest, which are properly considered as in the group, may have a combined area of six square miles. 5 FORM OF GOVERNMENT H AWAII is self governing in an equal degree with the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico. The executive power is vested in a Governor who is appointed by the President, as is also the Territorial Secretary, but both of these officials must be citizens of the Territory. The other Territorial officials are appointed by the Governor, with the approval of the upper house of the legislature. A law making body consisting of a Senate of fifteen members, and a House of thirty members, elected by the people, meets biennially and has power to formulate any law not in conflict with the Federal Constitution. The Governor has power of veto, but a twothirds vote of both houses passes any measure over his veto. In common with the other Territories, Hawaii is represented in Congress by one Delegate who has floor privileges in the House, but no vote. The Judiciary consists of a Supreme Court, four Circuit Courts and numerous District Courts. The Justices of the Supreme and Circuit Courts are appointed by the President, with the approval of the Senate. 6 .............. CITIES AND POPULATION HONOLULU, on the island of Oahu, the principal city, is the capital, having a population of about 45,000. All steamer lines center at Honolulu and most of the large business houses have headquarters in tha city. Hilo, on Hawaii, is the second city and a place of considerable importance with a very bright future as the principal port of the largest island of the group. Wailuku, Maui, is the principal town of that island, Kahului being the port of entry; Lihue, on Kauai, is the largest village on the northern island. Numerous smaller places dot the coast lines of all the islands. The estimated population of the group, January 1 st, 1908, based ou the school census, was as follows: Hawaii - - - 59,621 Maui and Molokai - 39,980 Oahu - - - 95,398 Kauai - - - - 23,463 A total of - 218,462 The city of Honolulu has between 8,000 and 10,000 Caucasians. 8 Su c lj(*lq~q, E =j-T ls 1841 A) a > fi Ad 1! lo I COMMUNICATION HONOLULU has direct connection with San Francisco by cable, and with the Asiatic continent by cable via Midway Islands, Guam and the Philippines. Each island of the group has its own telephone system reaching every district, while the separate islands are connected by a perfectly working wireless telegraph system. The local wireless company has just installed a new station of very high power at Kahuku point, the northern extremity of Oahu, by which messages have been received from a distance of over 2,000 miles. Experts confidently predict that within a short time the station will be able to carry on regular communication with similar stations on the mainland, as is now done with vessels properly equipped, within a radius of upwards of 1,500 miles. CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIETY AMERICAN and European pioneers of Hawaii, business men of education and standing, were followed by missionaries from New England in 1820. From these sources the present citizenship sprang. The same high standard of education and equipment which 10 THE SECOND CITV O TH R DRYONV 110 HAW AI 1S 13SAUTWIL S ITUATCI ON THU BAY OFI SAME NAU marked the early settlers has been reached by the two generations of their descendants. The leading American and European universities.have been represented for fifty years by gradu-.ates, in the professions and in business life. The native Hawaiians and those of part native blood, are among the leaders of society and their hospitality is famous. Honolulu, the capital, is a cosmopolitan city; its harbor is visited frequently by war vessels of all nations. There is an army post and a naval station with vessels constantly in port, adding the official touch to the social life. LEADING fraternal orders have always had a strong hold in Hawaii. Of Masons there are a number of lodges, the Odd Fellows have flourishing branches and Knights of Pythias number many of the prominent citizens. There are lodges of the Legion of Honor, Elks, Woodmen, Foresters and the Grand Army, Sons of Veterans, Sons of American Revolution, Spanish War Veterans and similar societies are well established. The Pacific Club is probably the leading social organization, and dates from 185 3. The University, Commercial, Officers, Scottish Thistle, Elks, St. Louis College Alumni, and 1'2 Kamehameha Alumni Clubs are flourishing organizations. There is an amateur orchestra with a vocal section, and operas, dramas and minstrel performances are given with local talent quite frequently. HAWAII'S BUSINESS LIFE HAWAII'S business activity dates back to the earliest days of Pacific trading, when sandalwood was not only the chief export but practically the medium of exchange. With the coming of the whalers, Hawaii was their winter rendezvous and point of trans-shipment, and trading houses, supply stores and shipping agents flourished. Then were laid the foundations for many modern fortunes. For more than a half century the best and newest things produced in every land have been imported. There are business houses here with branches in the principal cities of America and Europe. Some have done business under the same title for seventyfive years. In Honolulu will be found every branch of trade. PRINCIPAL investments at the present time are in the shares or bonds of sugar producing companies or transportation corporations. There are some sixty incorporated plan1 3, tation companies, some of which have issued gold six per cent, bonds for improvement purposes. There are railroads and steamship lines within the group, all doing well, whose stocks and bonds are considered conservative investments. The usual rate of interest for money on real estate mortgage is from six to eight per cent. and the same rate prevails on loans at bank. Stock in the different pineapple companies is also considered a good investment, this industry being now on a paying basis. The system of taxation is simple. All taxes are levied and collected by the Territorial Government and apportioned among the several counties. The rate is 1 per cent. on real and personal property, and 2 per cent. on excess of incomes over $1,000 per annum. All license fees are fixed and collected by the Territory. MEN WHO CONTROL MOST business houses are controlled by men who have grown up with the country or have been brought in to fill special openings. As a rule clerks are well paid. Business connections are so well established that it is not often that new stores are started 14 ; ~ }>a.,, j. t.iiaIg* III |*IIIIi| Ii iI 1iiDg C ~ z.. 1.,*_IE:~ I~ ~I~ Gl lll_ x,i R i * liIII_ Il EW'xX. iR~~~s.5 U..S 'iii 1k j Z..r. 0. z i '?.*i II|||IIIII*IW Xjr ', ' a.u-fIiif- I j ""' /' i ',k,. jjC.| III |II IIWll;,.2 j.; c,,,,,...,,,,iii. IIII IIIII*II_1 '.. X, z,,',,, '0' '. j ' jl ji* l ll| ill li I u.. Ii}i. 5'Ifii l _:E U,, jj llll||lli ill.C~~e X., F _ l i l | f I _llIll + i,,X...............2.a'i.._ 1 _ _ _ I~l'. ' 1 i............ X, w i, _ l,,ll_ llll_ ll _ gj.,jjj.,.cS,,.,,..' gXl6.SI ||l lI_ g ''E ""'' x izijg!.. III l| III *i ~~ qls~l ' M ".'. i..... li 11lI lIIi_; u.,..z i ldil!I I I III I|i.jg <,' " j " i il l ll||lli ffliii"itsi~i j 8'~1: /'Xj- ll||lll:i.i j s w. aI IIl| IIII -_;X ' X X M MMfl i f~,jC ji__~. l;.il l |||l l|ll.................. Office workers, clerks in stores and those engaged in light employments are paid an average of perhaps 25%1 more than in eastern mainland cities. Skilled labor receives about the same pay as is now the union scale in San Francisco or New York. Unskilled labor is left almost altogether to Orientals, except on public works, where the law specifies that citizens or those eligible for citizenship must be employed. All the professions are well filled with bright, capable men and women, just as are the business establishments. Many American and European manufacturers and distributors have general agencies in Honolulu. Owing to the attractiveness of Hawaii as a place of residence, there are constantly applicants for subordinate positions. In addition the rising generation is taking hold of business, which reduces the opportunities for new comers. Physicians, dentists and pharmacists must receive recommendation from a board before they are licensed to practice. HAWAII-AN INVESTMENT A NY notion that Hawaii has been a financial burden to the United States, is based on fallacy. On the contrary the Territory has always been more than self supporting. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, the Honolulu Custom House collected over $1,550,000; the Post Office, $75,800 (not including profits from box rents, registry department, or money order department); and the Internal Revenue Office, $56,800; or a total of $1,682,000 went into the National Treasury from Hawaii. The Federal Government during the same period spent in maintenance of Custom House, Post Office, Internal Revenue Office, Immigration Station, Marine Hospital and Quarrantine Station, U. S. District Court, Lighthouses and Harbors and the Territorial Government, approxirately $380,000, or about 22 per cent of the amount of the revenues. The appropriations available at the present time for new lighthouses and harbor improvements which are of international rather than local importance, amount to upwards of a million dollars. Also there is an appropriation of $850,000 for a federal building for Honolulu, but all the public improvements yet made or provided for by Congress is more than equaled by two years' income from the Territory. These figures of course do not include the expenditures to be made in fortifications and the naval station at Pearl Harbor, which, while 17 important to Hawaii are also vital to the interests of the whole United States Besides the above good showing, Hawaii is a customer of the United States not to be despised. During the last fiscal year there was imported into the Territory a total of nearly $20,000,000 of goods, of which amount the United States supplied nearly $15,500,000. Most of this amount came through the port of San Francisco. PRODUCTS AND MARKETS RAW sugar is the principal product, its export value for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, having been $38,603,184. -This is the output of some sixty estates. About $150,000,000 are invested in the sugar interests, which last year employed approxmately 45,000 men. The principal manufactures are in connection with the perfection of certain grades of sugar, and the making of machinery used in this industry. Of mining there is none. The Honolulu Iron Works has a capacity to produce the largest of modern sugar mills, has an extensive foundry and boiler shop, and is 18 N' N equipped with up-to-date machinery in every sense of the word. The canning of pineapples is now an important industry, there being eight canneries in the Territory, including the largest fruit preserving plant in the world. This particular factory during the present packing season packed as high as 6230 cases in one 10-hour day, and its consumption of raw fruit averages 250 tons per day. Pineapple growing is now second in importance to the Territory's sugar culture, and is rapidly increasing. Other established industries which are increasing in importance are coffee culture, cattle and sheep products, rice, sisal, honey, and miscellaneous fruits. Large quantities of commercial fertilizers are manufactured, and some 200 barrels of lime per day from coral rock formations. 20 ABNANA PATCH IMPORTS AND EXPORTS IMPORTS into Hawaii for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, were $19,985,724. The exports for the same period being made up as follows:Sugar-raw.... $38,603,184.00.Sugar-refined... 1,212,926.00 Fruits. 803,376.00 Rice..... 140,773.00 Coffee...... 174,216.00 Hides... 87,599.00 Wool... 58,133.00 Honey... 38,022.00 All other.... 1,064,994.00 Total... $42,183,223.00 Japan's trade with Hawaii is second to that of the mainland, the value of imports from that country for fiscal year ending June 30th, 1908 being $1,874,670.00. OPPORTUNITIES H AWAII'S future is very bright. But while there is a general clamor for a larger American population, no American is advised to come here unless he has some definite work in prospect, or means enough to maintain himself for some months and to launch him into some enterprise. Clerical positions are well filled; 2'* common labor is largely performed by Japanese or native Hawaiians, and the ranks of skilled labor are also well supplied. Hawaii does want however, men of initiative; who can see and take advantage of various rich opportunities.Until a decade ago the entire energy of theIslands was devoted to the sugar industry. Within five or six years pineapple culture has jumped to a vigorous second place in importance, while rubber and tobacco are rapidly moving to the front. Many other products have been proven eminently adapted to conditions here and only await intelligent, vigorous, and patient work to bring them to the position of importance they deserve. To men who can bring these qualifications Hawaii offers a rich reward. LAND LAWS HAWAII'S land laws are based upon a different principle than the national statutes. Owing to the rugged nature of the country, it is impossible to adopt a hard and fast division into rectangular tracts of a fixed number of acres. For instance, lands are classed as: Agricultural of the first, second and third classes, pastoral land of two classes and forest lands. Certain areas of each of these various classes may be acquired under systems known as the homestead 2:3 - - NO SURTA OFKLf UK..~ ~ *. a! ~ ~; ~ 8,.rf~~iW "ftf1fTg1~.dO tX~~h Rei,SL ~~~.~~ l~iho s t g g oe w lease (perpetual or inalienable); right of purchase lease, providing for payment within twenty-one years; and cash freeholds. There is a special system for associations of five or more persons who wish to take up lands. All government lands are disposed of at auction, there being an upset price fixed after appraisement by land agents. Land suitable for grazing has been sold at from $2 to $5 an acre; farming lands suitable for vegetables and fruits at from $5 to $25 an acre; sugar lands at from $25 to $60 an acre. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES THE first public school laws were passed in 1841. These have been broadened until now the system is organized along most modem lines. Many years ago compulsory public instruction in the Hawaiian language was abolished, and English made the standard. In 1907 there were 23,445 pupils in the schools, representing some 1 5 or 1 6 different nationalities. There are 1 54 public and 5 1 private schools employing together a force of 694 teachers. The school system leads up to High schools, of grade which fit directly for American colleges. Most of the present generation speak, 25 read and write English. The Hawaiian is maintained in a great degree of purity by many natives, and the Oriental languages are used by a large section of the population. Business may be transacted in English in every section of the archipelago. The Territorial Normal School affords instruction in academic branches and science of education; training for practice in teaching, manual training, etc. Oahu College, founded nearly 70 years ago, is the outgrowth of the first boarding school, established for the children of Missionaries. A half century back children came from California to Oahu for their early education. Oahu College now fits students for the American Universities. The College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, which this fall begins its first full school year, is substantially the same in character as institutions of the same name throughout the states of the mainland. It is supported by both Federal and Territorial governments, drawing from the former $35,000 this year in accordance with an appropriation measure of Congress relative to such schools, which amount is to increase by $5,000 annually when it becomes fixed after reaching a maximum of $50,000 annually. The institution starts off with a 26 I I!~ PURACA. ft9R/I-HATS AN/I MATS AI/E M/AD/I I/I/I/ I7S LEAS 4": ~"~A~ splendid corps of instructors. Within another year the College will be located in new buildings on a splendid piece of land at the edge of Honolulu. There are about 200 churches in the Hawaiian Islands, including the principal world denominations, and religious services are held in almost all languages. The Congregationalists, of whom were the first missionaries, are in preponderance. The Roman Catholics have a large body as has the Episcopal Church. There are many Mormons. Buddhists and Confucians worship in temples dedicated to those faiths. Mission work among Hawaiians, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese and Koreans is prosecuted. THE WATER SUPPLY DOMESTIC water supply for most of the towns of the islands comes from springs and high level streams. The entire group of islands rests upon an artesian stratum. At some points the rainfall is sufficient for all crops, but to attain higher efficiency cane and bananas are generally irrigated. On sugar plantations on the leeward or Kona sides of the various islands immense pumping plants are 28 maintained, with storage reservoir systems wherever possible. On several of the Islands the flow of different streams is being developed for electrical power. NEWSPAPERS IN Honolulu there are three daily papers, one morning and two evening. There are a number of weekly and monthly publications including religious journals and several high class 'weeklies in Hawaiian. There are four Japanese dailies, a Chinese daily, besides different weekly and semi-weekly Chinese and Portuguese papers. At Hilo there are two weekly papers in English, a Japanese daily and others in Hawaiian, Japanese and Portuguese; in Wailuku on Maui, there is one weekly in English, and on Kauai, at Lihue, one English weekly. Each of the newspapers has a job printing establishment. Modern type setting machines and printing presses are used. The news of the world is received by cable in Honolulu for both morning and evening editions. Papers of the capital circulate throughout the group. 29 HAWAIIAN RACE THE Hawaiians are a stalwart, healthy race. They are generous, pleasure-loving, natural musicians and orators, usually well educated. They never were cannibals. They welcomed the earliest visitors gladly, and speedily embraced religion, when brought to them by American missionaries. NOTHING NOXIOUS V ENEMOUS reptiles and carnivorous wild beasts never have been known in the islands. There are no poisonous vines or trees common tn the forests. Domestic animals have been in Hawaii for about a century. The first horses were brought as a gift to Kamehameha the Great by Captain Vancouver. Cattle, fowls, goat, the Chinese deer, the Mongolian pheasant were imported soon after. Prices for domestic animals are about the same as in the Eastern part of the United States. POINTS OF INTEREST NUUANU Pali, six miles from Honolulu Postoffice, is a remarkable natural wonder. About Honolulu are extinct craters, mountain 30 a;i~ 818 ~ ~~I?: UQ !U ':"?" IbEIr;iiilllA I si~ii,,~""iiii II,,,,,,,;;,;!, l,,;i iii,:~";;~ ilI."""''. C$i";~":Ir~~:lnw~~ in~,~.i~ VI! YI ~;; ;~ji~ I.ii "i"" ~a-i~ '::';i~,.3;lpI ~iil 8~;'I pi %. ";"" s~,L:~'ll' ~.~ "r! ~Ea,, iiili;'III~;., e~,?,~, "' iiiii 'I "" "' i~z[r r "ii""" ~ir-ii~; i:~~1..,,,,,~,~:;:B;:;il ~ Irs;i,,,,,,;,,,~r b,;J;lj~8,,,,,i.,,,ii,,:usn: aiar~sn Ir, '""~i"""' '"i~"?ii c"iw al~lu:g sr ~";'":"I;';'"';i 'Ir,~~r~cii,a~ P"bil ~;glE.*i~ -~"'~ 8"1 8i~a I r~i~I Going by way of Hilo, returning by the Kona Coast route, the traveler leaves Honolulu Tuesday at 12 m. and gets back to Honolulu Tuesday following at 7 a. m. From the port of Hilo to the Volcano House there is a railroad journey of twenty-two miles with nine miles by stage. Between the Volcano House and Honuapo, the port of south coast steamers, a stage service is maintained. Special carriages for parties are available. The volcano of Kilauea since early in the year, 1908, has been more active than in many years and the great molten lake has been slowly filling, the lava, having risen from a depth of more than a thousand feet to within 100 feet of the surface at the end of August. The wonderful spectacular display of natural pyrotechnics has attracted visitors from all over the world. 36 DISTANCES AND FARES ONE WAY Honolulu to Nawiliwili, Kauai, 98 Miles, $ 6.00 Koloa, " 110 " 6.00 Waimea, " 125 " 7.00 Hanalei, " 131 " 7.00 Lahaina, Maui, 75 " 5.00 McGregor's, " 84 6.00 Kahului, " 97 " 6.00 Hana, " 129 " 7.00 Mahukona, Hawaii, 152 " 10.00 Kawaihae, " 162 " 10.00 Kailua, " 173 " 10.00 Hilo, " 229 " 12.50 Punaluu, " 250 " 13.00 HALEAKALA, whose crater is more than twenty miles in circumference; 2,500 feet deep; the floor dotted with a score of cinder cones, the largest extinct volcano in the world, is reached by rail, carriage and horse from Wailuku, the principal city of the island of Maui. The journey usually occupies the day in ascent, the night being spent at the summit, the return taking up a large portion of another day. No visitor to the Island of Maui, however, should fail to make the trip by horseback, down into the crater, through the Kaupo gap around the Island. Travelers declare this to be the most beautiful and interesting ride the world over. Provision is now being made for 37 Rest Houses at convenient points which will add to the comfort of the trip. HOW TO GET ABOUT THE Inter-Island Steamship service is excellent, the boats are modern, of good size, well officered, set good tables and afford rapid and frequent communication between the different islands, Honolulu being the home port. The roads on the different islands, in the main, are good, those most traveled having macadam surface which makes riding, driving or automobiling a pleasure. Supplies for automobiles are kept in all principal towns. There are twenty-six miles of electric street car lines in Honolulu. The hack service everywhere is ample, the fares being based upon 25 cents per passenger per mile. Automobiles are to be had at $5.00 per hour. Several companies are now running autos about town at usual hack rates for short distances. The livery stables are amply equipped, and coaches bearing up to twenty-four passengers are available for parties at reasonable rates. 38 ii, ~ ~ ~ 6 I! fl! I - a t DISTANCES FROM HONOLULU TO THE LEADING PORTS OF THE PACIFIC. PORTS DISTANCES PORTS DISTANCES Acapulco.......... 3,310 Punta Arenas...... 6,379 Apia............... 2,240 Salina Cruz......... 3,607 Auckland.... 3,850 San Diego....... 2,280 Callao............... 5,147 San Francisco...... 2,100 Cape Horn......... 6,488 San Pedro.......... 2,232 Guam............... 3,337 Seattle........... 2,401 Guaymas............ 2,696 Sitka........... 2,395 Hongkong.......... 4,961 Sydney............. 4,424 Levuka.............. 2,736 Tahiti........... 2,389 Manila.............. 4,778 Valparaiso........... 5,916 Melbourne.......... 4,940 Victoria.......... 2,343 Pago Pago........... 2,263 Vladivostok........ 3,721 Panama.............. 4,665 Wellington........... 4,163 Portland, Oregon.. 2,318 Yokohama.......... 3,445 Honolulu to New York via Isthmus of Tehuantepec............................. 5,800 Miles Honolulu to New York via Isthmus of Panama.................................... 6,700 " Honolulu to New York via Straits of M agellan............................... 13,200 " ROADS AND RAILWAYS FIVE railways are in operation. The longest is seventy miles, extending from Honolulu, the capital, to the extreme northern point of the island of Oahu, at which point it connects with the shorter Koolau Railway. The Hilo railway runs from that city to a point within nine miles of the volcano of Kilauea. 40 The Kohala railroad connects Kohala plantations with the seaport of Mahukona. The Kahului railroad runs from that port to various plantations on Maui. The Oahu Railway runs several trains from Honolulu daily, affording comfortable and speedy means of seeing some beautiful Hawaiian scenery. There are good roads throughout the archipelago. Every modern means of conveyance may be had. Automobiles are in use both in the city and country districts. MODERN HOTELS THERE are four first-class hotels in Honoolulu. The Alexander Young and the Royal Hawaiian are in the city proper; the Moana and the Honolulu Seaside are located at Waikiki Beach. This suburb is four miles from the business center and its bathing is famous. There are half a dozen family hotels, a great number of lodging houses and a still greater number of boarding houses. Hotel rates are $1.00 per day and upward, European plan, and from $3.00 per day up, American plan. Boarding houses charge from $7 to $12 per week, and lodging houses from $6 to $12 per month. Restaurant charges are reasonable, service excellent. 41 Haleiwa Hotel is fifty-six miles north of Honolulu on the line of the Oahu Railway. This is a very attractive and thoroughly up-todate resort. The rates are the same as in city hotels. The Kilauea Volcano House, at the edge of the crater Kilauea, 4,000 feet elevation, is a modern, well-kept resort. Its natural sulphur steam baths are highly recommended. Almost every village throughout the group has its hotel, and the hospitality of the people is such that accommodations are to be had wherever the traveler penetrates. LANGUAGE THERE is no place in the Hawaiian Islands where any other language than English is necessary in order that a visitor may make himself perfectly understood. STEAMER LINES STEAMER lines touch Honolulu from the ports of San Francisco, Vancouver and Salina Cruz on the west shore of the Pacific, from the Philippines, Chinese and Japanese ports, and from Australia and New Zealand by way of Fiji and Samoa in the South Seas. 42 SS[AL, CULT1~ll1 AND DRYING The Pacific Mail and Oceanic Steamship Companies dispatch steamers at an average of one each week from San Francisco, while the Canadian-Australian steamship line, a connection of the Canadian Pacific.Railway, has a sailing once a month from Vancouver. There are also a number of sailing vessels plying between San Francisco and Honolulu. The rate of fare by steamer, first class, from Pacific coast ports is $60.00 to $75.00 one way, $110.00 to $135.00 for the round trip. Second class passage is $50.00 one way, while by sailing vessel the rate is $40.00 one way. The outlook for the entire Territory is good. Sugar prices have advanced materially. The building of the Panama Canal will undoubtedly make Honolulu a place of very first importance, as vessels from the Atlantic will find here the nearest place for reporting or taking orders for charter. The opening up of the Tehuantepec Railway has created another great trade route and is already proving of material benefit to Hawaii. MILITARY IMPORTANCE THE recognition of Hawaii's strategic importance, and the resultant appropriations by Congress for fortifications and the beginning 44 0 0 z 0 0 of the construction of a great Naval Station at Pearl Harbor, means much to the Territory. In the construction and maintenance of the Naval Base a large number of skilled artisans and their families will add to the population, and the completion of the great dry dock will make Pearl Harbor the best equipped and most important repair station in the Pacific, not only for naval vessels, but bringing much money to the Territory from mercantile shipping. Active work on the station was begun early in the present year, and will require a number of years for its completion. The maintenance of a large force of land and sea troops in the Territory will also be of very material benefit. WHAT TO WEAR LIGHT summer clothing is worn from one year's end to the other. At high elevations, such as Kilauea, 4,000 feet, a light wrap or winter clothing is required in the evening, while on Haleakala, 10,000 feet, added covering is needed. At all times ducks, silks and similar light fabrics are worn by both men and women. A light weight coat or wrap is advisable on the ocean journey. 46 AGRICULTURAL POSSIBILITIES AMONG the most promising agricultural products of the Islands, other than the principal crop, Sugar, may be cited Pineapples, Coffee, Bananas. Tobacco, Rubber, Sisal, Honey and Vanilla. Over one million of dollars is now invested in the Pineapple industry, several canneries being in operation. Hawaiian Pineapples are justly celebrated for their fine flavor. Coffee has been grown in the Islands successfully for upwards of half a century. The District of Kona, on the Island of Hawaii, being specially noted:for its high grade product. Experiments with Tobacco have been carried on for several years by the Special Agent in charge of the U. S. Agricultural Experiment Station in Hawaii, with pronounced success. He finds that there is a large acreage specially adapted to Tobacco throughout the Islands and predicts that this industry will become a very important one in Hawaii. The bright outlook for Tobacco culture is evidenced by the fact that Mr. Jared G. Smith, the Experiment Station Agent above referred to, recently resigned his position with the Government in order to devote his whole time to 47 growing Tobacco on a commercial basis. He now heads a company which already has a considerable acreage under cultivation, and another company has also lately entered the same field. Rubber is a new industry in Hawaii. About Five Hundred Thousand trees have been planted within the past three years; all are doing well and the outlook is very bright. Sisal now ranks as one of the established industries and is doing well. Bees do well and the production of Honey is increasing rapidly. Grapes, which have been grown for many years in a small way by Portuguese settlers, now give promise of becoming a very important industry. Several Wineries have lately been established, and the prospect of an important market for Fresh Grapes being found on the Coast between seasons of the California crop, appears to be excellent. Hawaii produces fine Oranges, excellent Limes, besides Alligator Pears, Papaias, Mangoes and other tropical and semi-tropical fruits. 48 ii~ iiii; iiiil~ ii!;iiiiii ii~ iiiiii i ii)i i!i1i~ ~iii ~; ii~ iii l l; ii~ iii; iiiiiii! i? iiii i!iii iiii i i~! iii i iiii?? ii ~ii 7 i!!7 CLIMATE Weather Data from the Records of the Office of the U. S. Weather Bureau, Honolulu, Hawaii. Temperature 1907 Degrees Fahrenheit Month I Highest Lowest Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 82.0 80.0 78.0 81.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 85.0 86.0 84.0 83.0 83.0 63.0 64.0 62.0 63.0 68:;.0 70.0 70.0 69.0 71.0 70.0 64.0 64.0 PrecipiGreatest tation dail - -. dralge Inches range,and hundredths 16.0 12.44 15.0 5.87 16.0 2.14 14.0 0.64 15.0 0.67 13.0 10.49 12.0 0.97 12.0 1.52 13.0 0.30 14.0 1.04 14.0 2.05 14.0 2. 00 No tornadoes, no fog, no intense heat nor disagreeable cold; the months of May and June alternate throughout the year. 50 REMARKS DURING the year 1907 Honolulu had 134 clear days, 172 partly cloudy days and 59 cloudy days. There were no foggy days. The prevailing direction of the wind was NE., the average hourly velocity in miles for the year being 8.5 The average daily change in temperature for the twelve months was I degree. The average temperature of the water off shore at Waikiki, Honolulu's famous bathing beach, during the winter months was 78~. No better climate can be found for those suffering from nervous complaints. A prominent physician with wide experience states that in his opinion Hawaii offers the least resistance to bodily well-being of any of the well known health resorts of the world. In a recent letter to the Secretary of the Hawaii Promotion Committee, Mr. O. P. Austin, Chief of Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, makes the following statement: "A section able to produce such a variety of tropical articles as may be produced in the Hawaiian Islands, and having free access to a market demanding such enormous quantities of those various articles as does the market of the United States, ought to become not merely prosperous, as it already is, but one of the most prosperous and perhaps the most prosperous of all the tropical communities of the world." 51 COST OF LIVING N ECESSARIES of life are very little higher in Honolulu than on the mainland. Furnished single rooms may be obtained for from $6 or $8 per month up; cottages of from three to five rooms for from $10 to $25 or more; houses eight to ten rooms $50 up. Household servants are Chinese or Japanese; cooks are paid $5 to $10 per week; domestic help $4 to $4.50; yardmen $3. Following are a few October 1, 1908, retail quotations: Beef, rib roast, lb....................... $.18 Pork, rib roast, lb........................20 M utton, leg, lb..........................18 V eal, round, lb............................20 Steak, sirloin, lb............................18 Chop, mutton, lb.......................20 Turkey, live, lb..........................35 Chicken, live, lb..........................25 to.30 Potatoes, lb...............................04 Cabbage, lb......................02 Tomatoes, lb................................05 Lettuce, head................................05 Eggs, coast, doz..........................45 Eggs, Hawaiian, doz................60 Butter, lb...........................40 Milk, qt..........................10 and 12 Flour, best, 50-lb. sack.................... 1.50 and 1.60 Ice, lb......................................00 52 WAIC1K1 flIAACH, HObNOLUL Lemons, doz............................30 Bananas, doz................................05 Pineapples, the best on earth..............15 to.50 Strawberries, qt...........................25 Kerosene, 10 gals......................... 2.15 Gasoline, 10 gals........................... 3.75 Coal, ton................................... 7.00 to 12.50 Firewood, cord........................... 15.00 Electric Lighting, 1000 Watts............16 Gas, 1000 ft...................... 2.00 Pina cloth, grass linen, Japanese and Chinese silks and elegant Japanese drawn work and embroideries, all of which are difficult to obtain on the mainland, may be purchased in Hawaii at very moderate figures. The cost of clothing is generally less than on the mainland. Honolulu merchants carry full lines of Dry Goods, Gent's Furnishing Goods, Boots, Shoes, etc., all of which are sold at reasonable prices. SPORTS A LL sports flourish in Hawaii. There are several Athletic Associations; Honolulu has a large and influential Country Club, maintaining splendid Golf Links; good Tennis Courts may be found in different parts of the city; Foot Ball and Base Ball are played with spirit. There are several young ladies' Rowing Clubs and Basket Ball teams. Each Island has its special Polo players, and Inter-Island tournaments are of frequent occurrence. 5i4 (c~pydgiht 1lO$ by wK. b 1llb~iTh OAHIU SUG~AR MIILL It was under the auspices of the Honolulu Yacht Club that the famous 1906 TransPacific Yacht Race was sailed, and under the same auspices the $25,000 yacht " Hawaii" was built by popular subscription for the race of 1908. There is excellent deep sea fishing off all the Islands, Shark baiting being considered a great sport. There is good Duck, Plover and other small game shooting during the seasons. Visitors are always welcome to the different Tennis Courts, Golf Links and Polo grounds. The great and distinctively Hawaiian sport is Surf Riding. It is most fascinating to watch the men and boys standing erect on their surf boards dashing shoreward, topping the crest of the highest waves. Much practice and great skill is required to excel in this sport. ANGLING-A COMING SPORT ANGLING in Hawaii is a great possibility at present. Although the waters about the Islands teem with a vast variety of fishes it is only for their market value that they are ever molested. For this purpose they supply an important industry. Shark fishing furnishes sport 5! to for tourists and others occasionally. The great fishes are usually lured by an anchored animal carcass and either taken with hook and line or harpooned, in either case furnishing plenty of excitement. Most of the great game fishes of Florida and the Southern California coast, as well as many others distinctive to Hawaiian waters are to be taken the year around. The tarpon (Elops saurus) is abundant and the Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission predicts that it "will doubtless prove one of the most interesting of Hawaiian fishes to sportsmen who visit these islands. The Mackerel Family is large and abundant, including such well known California favorites as the Tunny, Albacore, Ocean Bonito, besides a number of splendid species not known there. The voracious Basses and Snappers add to the variety of open water fishes, while unique sport is to be had in the surf on the coral reefs with different kinds of shallow water fishes. The absence of severe storms at any season of the year adds much to the safety and pleasure of off-shore fishing..5x (Cpytllh 3 I.Jy as NA \Nc^ MO ANN vA N A ON y IU HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE THE Hawaiian language consists of twelve letters. The vowels are given their values as in Spanish and are always pronounced, not slurred. Thus the name of the group is Hah-vy-ee. By uttering these sounds rapidly and connectedly the pronunctation is secured. TERMS COMMONLY USED Ae-Yes Akamai-Smart, clever Aloha — Friendly salutation), love Alanui-Street, road Aole-No Haole-White man or foreigner Heiau-Old native temple Hale -House Halekula-School house Halepule-Church Halekuai-Store Hanahana-To work Hapai-Lift up Hele wawae-Walk Hokele-Hotel Hula-Hawaiian dance Hiamoe-Sleep Hoomalimali-T o g a i n one's favor by false flattery Huhu-Angry llio-Dog Kaa ahi-Train Kahunapule-Priest Ko-Sugar Lio-Horse Kuli Kuli-Keep still Kaa-Carriage Kahuna-Native witch doctor Kai-Sea Kamaaina- Old-timer. pioneer Kamailio-Talk Kope-Coffee Kanaka-Man Kokua-To assist, to help Keikikane-Boy Kaikamahine-Girl Keiki-Child Kuai-Buy, sell La-Sun Lanai-Porch Lei-Wreath Likepu-The same Mahope-By and by Makai-Toward the sea Mai-Come Mauka-Toward the mountains Malihini-Stranger, newcomer Mamua-Before, in front of 0i (C0iklt108C i ~gfiif CAE LUV OOWA, N Make-Dead Mele-Hawaiian music Maikai-Good Mokuahi-Steamer Malaila-There Maanei-Here Mahina-Moon Palaoa-Bread Pali-Cliff Pau-Done, finished Pipi-Cow Pilikia-Trouble Pehea-How goes it? Pehea oe-How are you? Poi-Native food Popoki-Cat Wai-Water Wikiwiki-Hurry up Wahine-Woman 1 -Ekahi 2-Elua 3-Ekolu 4-Eha 5-Elima 6-Eono NUMERALS 7-Ehiku 8-Ewalu 9-Eiwa 10-Umi I 1-Umi-kumamakahi 12-Umi-kumamalua COINS Half Dollar-Hapalua One Dollar-Hookahi kala wo Dollars-Elua kala Nickel-Hapaumi Dime-Kenikeni Quarter-Hapaha T The hour of the day is told by prefixing the word "hola" to the numeral, as: One o'clock-Hola ekahi. 62 HAWAIIAN YISffkkXiAN TWO OPINIONS 4 T HAVE SEEN much of the world. I am familiar 1 with those places which are the favored lands for tourists, and my eight days' stay here has convinced me that there is no land on the face of the earth, considering climate and population, and considering beauty and attractiveness of scenery and charms of hospitality, which offers so much to the tourist either in health or pleasure, as this Eden of the Pacific."-Hon. Oscar S. Strauss, Secretary 'Department Commerce and Labor. 'O NE great joy of Honolulu is the sea bathing, for nothing can surpass it. Those who find delight in this rudimentary pursuit must go to the Hawaiian Islands to understand it in perfection. It may be claimed that there is luxurious bathing on the Lido by Venice, or at Atlantic City. or on the coast between Cape Town and Durban. These places, as Mercutio said of his wound, 'will serve,' but they fail to approach such bathing as can be found in the cove which lies in the shelter of Diamond Head."-Sir Frederic Treves, Bart., Sergeant-Surgeon to H. B. M., King Edward. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. II I11111111111111111111111?Pr, 1 3 9015 02703 5057 DEC 09;: Yi I A 2lIRY V Bf r..i~ i:I: ofi. A.- - I;;C - _ IA _ ~w__