TABULAR STATEMENTS
lFROM 1840 TO 1870,
OF THE
|gricltural Xjroducts ojf the jfate  and  erritorie
OF T 11 E'UNITED STATES OF A.MELRICA,
CTASSIFIED BY
THEIR PROXIMITY TO THE OCEANS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE WATERS, NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL.
BY
SAMUEL B. RIGGILES,
MlErBFR OF THE NEW-YORK CHAMBER OF (Col(tfEtROt,.
PRESS OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
1874,








TABULAR STATEMENTS
RROM   1840 TO 1870o
OF THE
gritcutural j}rodurcfs  t tie $pates and n ertitorits
OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
GLAVtFib 33s
THEIR PROXIMITY TO THE OCEANS AND OTHER NAVIGABLE WATERS, NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL.
BY
SAMUEL B. RUGGLES,
MMJEBR. OF THE NEW.YoRK CHAMBER OF COMxxROB.
PRESS OP THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.
1874.




Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by
SAMUEL B. RUGGLES,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
JOHN  W. AXMERAN, PRINTER,
No. 47 Cedar Street, N. Y.




PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
THE Tables in the present work have been prepared and published in two separate portions. The first portion, from page 1 to page 37, inclusive, which was
published in March, exhibits in detail the agricultural products of each of the
States and Territories of the United States, which are re.arranged, not in alphabetical order, as in the official census, but topographically, by their proximity to
the oceans and other navigable waters. The States and Territories are classified
in seven groups, of which-I. Embraces the New-England States; II. The Middle
Atlantic States III. The interior States north of the Ohio and on the Upper
Lakes and Upper Mississippi; IV. The Southern Atlantic States; V. The Southwestern States south of the Ohio and on the Gulf of Mexico; VI. The States on
the Pacific and adjacent Territories, and VII. The Territories in and east of the
Rocky Mountains; to which is added, to complete the whole, the District of Columbia.
The separate products of each subdivision of agriculture in each of these States
and Territories, including the aggregate products of each group, are exhibited
whenever practicable in juxtaposition, so as to show the amount of each at. the
end of each of the decades, closing with 1850, 1860 and 1870.
The second portion, from page 38 to page 49, inclusive, contains a General Summary of the principal items embraced in the first portion, and is followed bygeographical and other comparisons of products and values in the respective groups,
and especially by full and classified tables of the agricultural population in each
group, which is itself further distributed in a further table by " Nationalities,"
showing the population, native born and foreign born. On this basis, a more'minute analysis exhibits the average portions per head of agricultural wealth acquired by the native born and foreign born population, and especially for the
information of immigrants, the monetary values per head acquired by the natives
of each of the eight European nations sending the largest number of their people
to the United States.
It is believed, that the developments exhibited in these tables may possibly facilitate, if they do not guide, to some extent, the legislative action, State and national, now so much needed to cheapen transportation from the'interior to the
oceans. The author does not seek or desire to re-open, by the present work, any
political controversies in past years in respect to the capacity of the Interior States
to increase the commerce of the Erie Canal, in which he may have been a party
If-it should become necessary, in order to remove any lingering prejudices or misapprehensions, he may possibly review those controversies, id a separate " Histoy
of the fforts in Newz-York, from 1834 to 1874, to Secure and Increase the Commerce of the West."
NEW-YORE, April 21, 1874.








AGRRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF THE STATESF AND TERItTORIBS OF T-HE UNI~ITE                                                                   STATESS:
(C1asified by thpeiroximity to the oceans and other nauigable waters. By SAMUzL B. RUGGLS, Member of the N. Y. Ch. amber of GComma                         re.
ATLANTIC STATES-MAIN To DELAWARE, IcLUSIE.
New.              Ma.sa-     Rhode     Gon-    TOTAL        NeW-       New-     Penn-       Dea-     T...BX.C...T.l84.        Ma Hnew   Eamp. Vermont. eucetts.      Island. necticut. NEw-ENL      York.     Jersjey. sylaia.      ware.
Population,.................. 1840,  501,793  284,574  291,948   737,699   108,830   309,978  2,234,822  2,428,921  373,306  1,724,033    78,085   4,604,345
CEREALS.
Wheat, bushels,................        848,166   422,124   495,800   157,923     3,098    87,009  2,014,120 12,286,418  774,203 13,213,077   315,165  26,588,863
Indian Corn, bushels...............     950,528 1,162,572 1,119,678 1,809,192. 450,498 1,500,441   6,992,909 10,972,286 4,361,975 14,240,022 2,099,359  31,673,642
Oats,            "...............  1,076,409 1,296,114 2,222,584 1,319,680  171,517 1,453,262  7,539,566 20,675,847 3,083,524 20,641,819.  927,405  45,328,595
Rye,...............   137,941   308,148   230,993   536,014    34,521   737,424  1,985,041  2,979,323 1,665,620  6,613,873   33,546  11,292,362
Barley,..............    355,161   121,899    54,781   165,319    66,490    33,759    797,409  2,520,068   12,501    209,893     5,260   2.747.722
Buckwheat,       "..............   51,543   105,103   228,416    87,000     2,979   30a^043   778,084   2,287,885           2,113,742    11,299   5,29,043
Total Cereals,..29................................................................. 20,107,129......................122,,227
Potatoes, bushels,................... 10,392,280 6,206,606 8,869,751 5,385,652  911,973 3,414,238 35,180,500 30,123,614 2,072,069  9,535,663)  200,712  41,932,058
Sugar, lbs.,.........................   257,464 1,16,368 4,647,934    579,227       50     51,764  6,698,807 10,048,109      56   2,265,75i....     12,313,920
Orchard Products, value............   $149,384  $239,979 $213,944  $389,177   $32,098  $296,232 $1,320,814 $1,701,935 $464,006   $618,179   $28,211   $2,812,331
Market       "       ".............     51,579    18,085    16,276   283,904   67,741    61,936    499,521    499,126   249,613    232,912,   4,035     985,686
Hops, lb,.........................    36,940   243,425    48,137   254,795      113     4,573    587,983    447,250     4,531     49,481      746     502,008
Hay, tons,..........................   691,358   496,107   836,739   569,395    63,449  420,704   3,083,752  3,127,047  334,861  1,311,643.   22,483   4,796,034
A-IMALS AND OTHER PRODUCTS.
Horses and Mules,...............     59,208    43,892    62,402    61,484     8,024    34,650   269,660    474,543    70,502    365,129   14,421     924,595
Neat Cattle,...................         327,255   275,562   384,341   282,574    36,891  238,650  1,545,273  1,911,244   220,202  1,172,665   53,883   3,357,994
Dairy Products, value,.............. $1,496,902 $1,638,543 $2,008,737 $2,373,299 $223,229 $1,376,534 $9,117,244 $10,496,021 $1,328,032 $3,187,292 $113,828 $15,125,173
Sheep,..........................     649,264   617,390 1,681,819  378,226    90,146   403,462  3,820,307  5,118,777  219,285   1,767,620   39,247   7,144,929
Wool, lbs...........................  1,465,551 1,260,517 3,699,235  941,906   183,830  889,870   8,440,909  9,845,295  397,207  3,048,564   64,404   13,355,470
Hogs...........................  117,386   121,671   203,800   143,221    30,659  131,961    748,698  1,900,065   261,443  1,503,964   74,228    3,739,700
Tobacco, lbs........................        30       115      585     64,955      317   471,657    537,659,      744      1,922    325,018      272     327,956
Cotton,    ".........................................................                      334         334
Hemp and Flax, tons,................        38      26        29        2X                           138X     1,130%    2,165,     2,649,      52X      5,998%




STATES NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER.
Wisconsin         Iowa           M80.our$.         TOTAL.
By CaENSUS OF 1840.           Ohio.            Indiana.        Michigan.           Illinois.     Te   tor.       Territory.          isouri          TTAL.
Population,................1840, 1,519,467....    685,866....   212,267....    476,183....  30,945....    43,112....   383,702....  3,351,542
CEREALS.
Wheat, bushels,............... 16,571,661....  4,049,375.... 2,157,108....  3,335,393.... 212,116....  154,693....  1,037,386.... 27,517,732
Indian Corn, bushels............. 33,668,144.... 28,155,887.... 2,277,039.... 22,634,211.... 379,359.... 1,406,241.... 17,332,524.... 105,853,405
Oats, "............. 14,393,103....  5,981,605.... 2,114,051....  4,988,008.... 406,514.....416,385.... 2,234,947.... 30,334,613
Rye              "............    814,205....    129,621....    34,236....     88,197....   1,965....     3,792....    68,608....  1,140,624
Barley,          "............  212,440....     28,015-....   127,802....     82,251.... 11,062....       728....     9,801...     472,099
Buckwheat,       "............    633,139....     49,019....   113,592....     57,884....  10,654....     6,212....     15,318...     885,818
Total Cereals...................................................................................................................................... 166,204,291
Rice, lbs....................................            460....0....                                                    510      to
Potatoes, bushels,................ 5,805,021....  1,525,794.... 2,109,205....  2,025,520.... 419,608....   234,063....    783,768.... 12,902,979
Sugar, lbs......................... 6,363,386....  3,727,795... 1,329,784....    399,813.... 135,288....    41,450....   274,853...  12,272,369
Orchard Products, value,.........    $475,271....   $110,055....   $16,075....   $126,756....    $37....      $50....   $90,878....    $819,122
Market        "        "........    97,606....     61,212....     4,051....     71,911....   3,106....     2,170....     37,181....    277,237
Hops, lbs.,.......................     62,195....     38,591....    11,381....     17,742....     133....        83....       789....    130,914
Hay, tons........................  1,022,037....    178,029....   130,805....    164,932.... 30,938....    17,953....    49,083....  1,593,777
ANIMALS AND OTHER PRODUCTS.
Horses and Mules...............      430,527....    241,036..      30,144....    199,235....   5,735....    10,794....    196,032....  1,113,503
Neat Cattle,...................... 1.217,874....    619,980....   185,190....    626,274.... 30,269....    38,049....   433,875....  3,151,511
Dairy Products, value,............ $1,848,869  $....   742,269.... $301,052....   $428,175....$35,677....   $23,609....  $100,432.... $3,480,083
Sheep........................... 2,028,401....    675,982....    99,618....    395,672....   3,462....    15,354....   348,018...   3,566,507
Wool, lbs.,....................... 3,685,315....  1,237,919....   153,375....    650,007....   6,777....    23,039....    562,265....   6,318,697
Hogs,..........................    2,099,746....  1,623,608....   295,890....  1,495,254.... 51,383....   104,899.... 1,271,161....  6,941,941
Tobacco, lbs.,....................  5,942,275.... 1,820,306....     1,602....    664,326....     115....     8,076.... 9,067,913.... 17,404,613
Cotton   -.......................        180........        200,947.................   121,122....    322,249
Hemp and Flax, tons.............       9,080M....      8,60 755....     755....      1,976M....      2..        313....    18,010o....      38,743M




ATLANTIC STATES-MARYLAND TO FLORIDA, INCLUSIVE.
igortA                souah
BY CmENSUS O     1840.            Maryland.             Virginia.                                                       Georgia.            Florida.           TOTAL.
Carolina.            Carolina.
Population.......................1840,        470,019....   1,239,797....     753,419....     594,398....      691,392....    54,477....    3,803.502
CEREALS.
Wheat, bushels....................... 3,345,783....  10,109,716....   1,960,855....     968,354....    1,801,830....       412.... 18,186,950
Indian Corn, bushels,................ 8,233,086....  34,577,591....23,893,763....14,722,805....20,905,122....    898,974.... 103,231,341
Oats,             "................. 3,534,211.... 13,451,062....    3,193,941....   1,480,208....    1,610,030....     13,829.... 23,289,281
Rye,              ".................    723,577....    1,482,799....      213,971....      44,738....      60,693....       305....    2,526,083
Barley,           ".................      3,594....      87,430....       3,574....        3,967....       12,979....        30...      111,574
Buckwheat,        "................    73,606....     243,822....      15,391....          72....          141............     333,032
Total Cereals...................................................................................................................................        147,670,261
Total Cereals,....147,670,261
Potatoes, bushels.....................      1,036,433....    2,944,660....    2,609,239....   2,698,313....    1,291,866....   264,617....   10,844,628
Sugar, lbs..........................         36,266....   1,541,833....      17,163....      30,000....     329,744....    275.317....    2,230,323 
Orchard Products, value..............       $105,740....    $705,765....   $386,006....     $52,275....    $156,122....    $1,035.... $1,406,943
Market         "       "..............    133,197....      92,359....       28,475....      38,187....      19,346....    11,758....      323,322
Hops, lbs.,............................         2,357....       10,597....        1,063....          93....         773............       14,883
Hay tons,.............................        106,687X....     364,708X....     101,369....      24,618....       16,969%....      1,197....      615,549%
ANIMALS AND OTHER PRODUCTS.
Horses and Mules,.....................         92,220...      326,438....     166,608....     129,921....      157,540....    12,043....     884,770
NeatCattle,.                                  225,714....   1,024,148....     617,371....     572,608....      884,414....   118,081....   3,442,336
Dairy Products, value.................      $457,466.... $1,480,488....    $674,349....    $577,810....    $605,172....   $23,094.... $3,818,379
Sheep................................        257,922....   1,293,772....     538,279....     232,981....      267,107....     7,198....   2,597,259
Wool, lbs.,...........................        488,201....   2,538,374....     625,044....     299,170....      371,303....     7,285....   4,329,377
Hogs...................................       416,943....   1,992,155....   1,649,716....     878,532....    1,457,755....    92,680....   6,487,781
Tobacco, lbs......................... 24,816,012.... 75,347,106....  16,772,359....      51,519....      162,894....     75,274.... 117,225,164
Rice, lbs.,....................................       2,956....   2,820,388....60,590,861....12,384,732....   481,420.... 76,280,357
Cotton,    ".........................       5,673....   3,494,483....  51,926,190....61,710,274....163,392,396....12,110,533.... 292,639,549
Hemp and Flax, tons................'488....      25,594j....       9,879%............10....          2....       35,974%




STATESSOUTH OF THE OHIO RIVER AND ON THE GULF OF MEXICO.
Bf CMsus o       1840.        Kentucky.               Tennessee.            Arkansas.            Misissipp,              Alabama.             Louisiana.               TOTAL.
Population................1840,        779,828....      829,210....       97,574..-       375,651....      590,756....      352,411....      8,025,430
CEREZAS.40
Wheat, bushels,...............        4,803,152....    4,569,692....      105,f8....      196626....     828,02                      60....     10,503,460
Indian Corn, bushels.......... 39,847,120....   44,986,188....    4,846,632....   13,161,237....  20,947,004....    5,952,912.      129,741,093
Oats,.            7155,974....     7,035,678,...      189,553....      668,624....     1,406,358....      107,353...      16,563,535
Rye,               ".......... 1,321,373....       304,320....        6,219....       11,444....      51,008....        1,812....      1,696,176
Barley,            "..........      17,491....         4,809....          760....        1,654....        7,692........            32,406
Bpkwheat,          ".........       8,169....        17,118....           88....            61....           58........                 25,494
Total Cereals,.....................................................................................................................................                    158,662,169
Potatoes, bushels.                    1,055,085....     1,904,370....     293,608....    1,630,100....     1,708,356....      834,341....      7,425,860
Sugar, lbs.................... 1,377,835....       258,073....        1,548....           77                10,143...  119,947,720....    121,595,390
Orchard Products, value,.......       $434,935...      $367,105....      $10,680....     $14,458....      $55,240....      $11,769....      $894,187
Market          "k       4.            125,071....        19,812....        2,736....      42,896                31,978....      210,042....        46253
Hops, lbs.................         742                     850............          154                    825....          115....86
Hay, tons.....................         88,306....        31,233...          58....         171....       12,718....       24,651....        157,665
ANDIALS AND OTHER PRoDUCTS.
Horses and Mules,39,8....        341,409....       51,472....      109,22....      143,147....      9,88....      1140,996
Neat Cattle....................         787,098....        822,851....      188,786....      623,197....      668,018....     381,248....      3,471,198
Dairy Products, value..........       $931,363....      $472,141....     $59,205....    $359,585....     $265,200....   $153,069....     $2,240,563
Sheep,........................        1,008,240...         741,593....       42,151....      128,367....      163,243....       8....      2,181,666
Wool, lbs.,.....................      1,786,847....      1,0620,33....       64,943....     175,196....      220,353....       49,283...       3,356,954
Orchrd Poducs, vlue........     $   495....  $37,0                              393$1,605...       $14,45..  $5200..      1,209:.... $9,8
Hogs.............         2,310,533...       2,926,607....                          1,001,209....    1,423,878....     323,220....      8,37,50
Tobacco, lbs....................                             29,550,432.......   145,49....       83,471               27.3,302 1....          11,824....     83,61877
Rice, lbs.,.............86....  1,....      5....     777,1....      149,019....    3,604,534....      4,560,555
Cotton,...........            691,456.......  27,7091,277....    6,028,642.... 193,401,577.... 11,138,823.... 1528,5....             497,517,143
Hemp and Flax, tons..........             9,9928....          3,344,....        1,03943.... 1.,.95........14,39754




ATLANTIC STATES-MAINE TO DELAWARE, INCLUSIVE.
TOTAL                                                   TOTAL
1850, 1860 AND 18F70.    Maim. hMrmpsr       Ver      chasette    h      Cmnectc.      Six     oewYo. ~.wJersei.. Delaware.     Fo
1860sh re..           chusetts.  181and.             STATES.'                         STATES.
Population,.............1850,  583,169  317,976  314,120   994,614  147,545   370,792   2,728,116   3,097,394   489,55    2,311,786   91,32    5,990,267...........1860,  628,279  326,073   315,098  1,231,066  174,620   460,147  3,135,283    3,880,735   672,035   2,906,215  112,216   7,571,201
"...........1870,  626,915  318,300   330,551  1,457,851  217,858   537,454  3,487,924.4,882,759   906,096    3,521,951  125,015   8,935,821
LAD r FARMs.
Acres improved....... 1850,  2,0,9596 2,251,488  2,601,409  2,133,436  356,487  1,768,178  11,150,594  12,408,964  1,767,991  8,628,619  580,862  23,386,436
""      6......1860, 2,704,133 2,367,034  2,823,157  2,155,512  335,128  1,830,807  12,215,771  14,358,403  1,944,441  10,463,296  637,065  27,403,205
"......1870, 2.917,793 2,334,487    3,073,257  1,736,221  289,030  1,646,752  11,997,540  15,627,206  1,976,474  11,515,965  698,115  29,817,760
"     unimproved,...1850, 2,515,797 1,140,926  1,524,413  1,222,576  197,451  615,701  7,216,864  6,710,120  984,955   6,294,728  375,282  14,365,085
"        "....1860,  3,023,538 1,377,591  1,451,257  1,183,212  186,096  673,457  7,895,151  6,616,555  1,039,084  6,548,844  367,230  14,571,718
"'"....1870,  2,920,265 1,271,507  1,455,547  994,062  213,278  717,664  7,572,323   6,563,604  1,013,087  6,478,235  854,207   14,409,083
Area of State, acres,,. 1870, 22,400,000 5,939,200  6,535,680  4,992,000  835,840  3,040,000  43,742,720  30,080,000  5,324,800  29,440,000 1,356,800  66,201,600
Value of Farms, $.... 1850, 54,861,74855,245,997 63,367,227109,076,34717,070,802 72,726,422 372,348,543  554,546,642 120,237,511  407,876,099'18,880,031 1,101,540,283
"   Farm. Implements
and Machinery, $....1850, 2,284,557 2,314,125  2,739,282  3,209,584  497,201  1,892,541  12,937,290  22,084,926  4,425,503  14,722,541  510,279  41,743,249
ValueofLive Stock, $, 1850, 9,705,726 8,871,901 12,643,228  9,647,710 1,532,637  7,467,490  49,868,692  73,574,499 10,679,291  41,500,053 1,849,281  127,603,124
$435,154,525                                          $1,270,886,656
Value of Farms, $....1860, 78,688,525 69,689,761 94,289,045123,255,948 19,550,553 90,830,005 476,303,837  803,343,593 180,250,338 662,050,707 31,426,357 1,677,070,995
"   Farm. Implements
and Machinery, $.. 1860,  3,298,327 2,683,012  3,665,955  3,894,998  586,791  2,339,481  16,468,564  29,166,695  5,746,567  22,442,842  817,883  58,173,987
Vale of Live Stock,$,1860, 15,437,533 10,924,627 16,241,989 12,737,744 2,042,044 11,311,079  68,695,016  103,856,296 16,134,693  69,672,726 3,144,706  192,808,421
$561,467,417                                          $1,928,053,403
Value of Farms, $.....1870, 102,961,951 80,589,313 139,367,075 116,432,784 21,574,968 14,241,382 585,167,473 1,272,857,766 257,523,376 1,043,481,582 46,712,870 2,620,575,594
" Farm. Implements
and Machinery, $...1870,  4,809,113 3,459,943  5,250,279  5,000,879  786,246  3,246,599  22,553,059  45,997,712  7,887,991  35,658,196 1,201,644  90,745,543
ValueofLiveStock,$,1870, 23,357,12915,246,545 23,888,835 17,049,228 3,135,132 17,545,038 100,221,907  175,882,712 21,443,463  115,647,075 4,257,323  317,230,573
$707,942,439                                          $3,028,561,710




COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS I1T      Maine.     New-       e          aesa-    Rhode                TOTAL                                                    TOTAL
t850, 1860 AND 1870.    e.          asare Vermont.       huse. I<and. Connecticut.        Six Nl'ew- York. New-Jersey.    ^ylv      Delaware.     FOU
STATES.                               ana                STATES.
Population of 10 years and
over engaged in Agriculture................ 1870,  82,011    46,573     57,983    72,810    11,780    43,653     314,810     374,323     63,128     260,051    15,973      713,475
Average agricultural wealth for each...............................................  $2,248........................................   $4,244
Total yearly value of all
farm products, including
betterments and increase
of stock, $..........1870, 33,470,044 22,473,547 34,647,027 32,192,378 4,761,163 26,482,150 154,026,309  253,526,153 42,725,198  183,946,027 8,171,667  488,369,045
Wages    paid  during  the
year, including value of
board, $............1870,  2,903,292 2,319,164  4,155,385  5,821,032 1,124,118  4,405,064  20,728,055  34,451,362  8,314,548  23,181,944 1,696,571  67,644,425
PRODUCTS IN DETAIL —CEREALS.
Bush. Wheat harvested,
1850,    296,259  185,658    535,955    31,211       49     41,762   1,090,894   13,121,498  1,601,190  15,367,691  482,511   30,572,890
1860,   233,876  238,965    437,037    119,783    1,131     52,401   1,083,193   8,681,105  1,763,218  13,042,165   912,941   24,399,429
"  "  "  1870,  278,793  193,621  454,703   34,648      784     38,144   1,000,693   12,178,462  2,301,433  19,672,967  895,477   35,048,339
Indian Corn,..1850,  1,750,056 1,573,670  2,032,396  2,345,490  539,201  1,935,043  10,175,856  17,858,400  8,759,704  19,835,214 3,145,542  49,598,860'  " "..1860,     1,546,071 1,414,628  1,525,411  2,157,063  461,497  2,059,835  9,164,505  20,061,049  9,723,336  28,196,821 3,892,337  61,873,543
49 "    "..1870,  1,089,888 1,277,768  1,699,882  1,397,807  311,957  1,570,364  7,347,666  16,462,825  8,745,384  34,702,006 3,010,390  62,920,605
"    Oats,..........1850,  2,181,037  973,381  2,307,734  1,165,146  215,232  1,258,738  8,101,268  26,552,814  3,378,063  21,538,156  604,518   52,073,551
".........860,   2,988,939 1,329,233  3,630,267  1,180,075  244,453  1,522,218  10,895,185  35,175,134  4,539,132  27,387,147 1,046,910  68,148,323
"..........1870,  2,351,354 1,146,451  3,602,430  797,664  157,010  1,114,595  9,169,504  35,293,625  4,009,830  36,478,585  554,388  76,336428
Rye..........1850,    102,916  183,117    176,233    481,021   26,409    600,893   1,570,589   4,148,182  1,255,57    4805160       8,066   10216986
"..........1860,  123,287  128,247  139,271   388,085   28,259    618,702   1,425,851   4,786,905  1,439,497   5,474,788    27,209   11,728,399
"..........1870,    34,115   47,420     73,346    239,227   20,214    289,057    703,379    2,478,125   566,775    3,577,641    10,222    6,632,763
" Buckwheat,...1850,       104,523    65,265   209,819    105,895    1,245    229,297     716,044   3,183,955    878,934   2,193,692     8,615    6,265,196
"...1860,   239,519    89,996   225,415    123,202    3,573    309,107     990,812    5,126,307   877,386    5,572,024   16,355   11,592,072
"...1870,   466,635   100,034   415,098     58,049     1,444   148,155   1,189,413    3,904,030   353,9e3    2,532,173    1,349    6,791,535
Barley........1850,         151,731    70,256    42,150    112,385   18,875     19,099    414,496    3,585,059      6,492     165,584       56     3757,191
".......1860,  802,108  121,103    79,211    134,891    40,993    20,813   1,199,119    4,186,668    24,915     530,714     3,646    4,745,943
"........1870,   658,816   105,822    117,333   133,071    33,559    26,458   1,075,059    7,434,621     8,283     529,562     1,799    7*974,265




TOTAL CEREALS AND RATIO TO TOTAL POPULATION.
SIX NEW-ENGLAND STATES.                                    FOUR MIDDLE STATES..~_             _ —                   --             —..... —-—....
Bushels   Bushels                                        Bushels     Bushels
Total Cereals.     Population.     per     Wheat      Total Cereals.     Population.       per        Wheat
Head. per Head.                                          Head.     per Head.
1840....................    20,107,129        2,234,822       9         0.9       122,899,127        4,604,345        26          5.7
1850...................     22,069,147        2,728,116       8        0.7        152,484,764        5,990,267        25          5.0
1860...................     24,758,665        3,135,283       8        0.4        182,487,709        7,571,201        24          3.2
1870....................    20,485,714        3,487,924        5        0.3        195,703,935       8,935,821        21 9-10     4.0
FLOURING AND GRIST.       New-     Vermont. Mfassa-  Rhode   Connecticut.   TOTAL                                Pen                      TOTAL
F LO ~ o~Uc~         Maine. HatSix UNew- York. New-Jersey.                                                                       n. Delaware.      FOUR
MILL PRODUCTS.                   Hampshire.               chusetts. Island.                STATES.sylvana.
i~ILL  PRODUCTS.  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~STATES.STE.
Bush. Grain ground,..1870,    3,419,233 2,113,762   3,060,427  7,804,878 1,288,398  3,231,717  20,918,415    45,663,123 10,276,682   40,755,503 1,600,682    98,295,990
Value, $.................  3,833,080 2,495,209   3,323,504  8,743,924 1,486,558  3,348,444  23,230,719   50,329,077 10,627,486    41,644,132 1,739,662   104,340,357
Value of products,...   4,415,998 2,747,973  3,895,058   9,720,374 1,728,704  3,966,328  26,474,435   60,237,220 12,593,148    49,476,240 2,067,401  124,374,009
Bush. Potatoes.'. 1850,  3,436,040 4,304,919  4,951,014   3,585,384  651,029   2,689,725  19,618,111   15,398,368   3,207,236    5,980,732   240,542    24,826,878......1860,    6,374,617 4,137,543   5,253,498  3,201,901   542,909  1,833,148   21,343,616   26,447,394  4,171,690   11,687,467   377,931    42,684,482....1870,   7,771,009 4,515,419   5,157,428  3,025,446   669,408  2,789,894  23,928,604    28,547,593  4,705,439   12,889,367   362,724    46,505,123
"  SweetPotatoes, 1850,................          80          80         5,629    508,015        52,172    65,443      631,259,,  -   "      1860,      1,435       161        623        616       946      2,710        6,491        7,529  1,034,832      103,187    142,213    1,287,761,,~  ~    "    1870,        354        160         96        917       142        867        2,536       10,656  1,550,784      131,572     85,309    1,778,321
Lbs. Maple Sugar,...1850,       93,542 1,298,863   6,349,357   795,525        28      50,796   8,588,111    10,357,484      2,197    2,326,525....     12,686,206,  "     "'....1860,    306,742 2,255,012   9,897,781  1,006,078....      44,259   13,509,872   10,816,419      3,455     2,767,335....    13,587,209
-  -"'....1870,  160,805 1,800,704  8,894,302  399,800....       14,266  11,269,877    6,692,040        419     1,545,917....     8,238,376
Galls. Molasses,......1850,       3,167     9,811      5,997      4,693         4         665      24,337       56,539        954        50,652        50      108,195
"......1860,     32,679    43,833      16,253     15,307....       2,277     110,349       131,843      8,0S8      114,310....        254,241
"......1870,   28,470    16,884     12,023       2,326....         168      59,871        46,048          5       39,385....        85,438
"  Sorghum   Molasses,
1860,...............        20         395         415          516        396        22,749     1,613       25,274
-,         " 1870,............                 20      6,832        6,852        7,832     17,424      213,373     65,908      304,537
Orchard products...1850,       342,865   248,563    315,255    463,995     63,994    175,118   1,609,790     1,761,950   607,268       728,389    46,574     3,144,181
-.... 1860,   501,761   557,934    211,693     925,519    83,691    508,848   2,789,452     3,726,380    429,402    1,479,937   114,225     5,749,944,   "....1870,   874,569   743,552    682,241    939,854    43,036    535,954    3,819,206    8,347,417  1,295,282     4,208,094 1,226,893   15,077,686
Galls. Domestic Wine, 1860,       3,164     9,401       2,923     20,915       507     46,783      83,693       61,407      21,083       38,261       683      121,434...'      4     "   1870,      7,047     2,446       1,038     10,956      765      27,414      49,666       82,607      24,970       97,165     1,552      206,294




CoMPA~u~.amrn Awouwrs: ~  A~ew  Masode  TOTAL                                TOTAL
ix:1850, 186 AxD 11M0.      Rampshire.             chuUot.     8and.                     ix          r. ffeW      ey.       a. Delaware.       o'STATES..:S7;ATES.
Market Garden products,
1850, $122,387   $56,810    $18,853   $600,020:$98,298   $196,874   $1,093,242  $9f2,047   $475,242   $688,714   $12,714   $2,088,Y17....."  " 1860,   194,606    76,256    24,802   1,397,623   140,291    337,025    2,170,603  3,381,596  1,541,995  1,384,968   37,797     6,346,356...."   " 1870,   266,397   119,997    42,225   1,980,231   316,133    599,718    3,24,701   3,432,354  2,978,250  1,810,016   98,075     8,418,695
Bush. Peas and Beans,.1850,   205,541    70,856   104,649     43,709      6,846     19,090      450,691    741,546     14,174:5,231      4,120      815,071
"        "       t"  1860,  246,915    79,454    70,654     45,246      7,698     25,86.1     475,831  1,09,339     27,674    123,090     7,438     1,767,541
"        "*     "   1870,  264,502    58,375    95,242     24,690      9,920     13,038     465,767   1,152,541    56,221     39,74l     3,123     1,251,459
Tons Hay............. 1850,  755,889   598,854   866,153    651,807     74,818    516,131    3,463,652  3.728,797   435,950   1,842,970   30,159    6,037,876
c, ".............1860,  975,803'642,741.940,178    665,331     82,722    562,425    3,869,200  3,564,793   508,726   2,245,413   86,973     6,355,905
" "............1870, 1,053,415'612,648 1,020,669    597,455     89,045    563,328    3,936,560  5,614,205    521,975  2,848,219   41,890     9,026,289
Bushels Clover, Flax and'Gr 8S,........ 8O0,   18,891     9,089    16,635     6,159      5,036     31,172       86,982    242,678    107,856    220,671     4,832      576,037
"..........1860, -5,58t4  18,289  14,363  6,154  5,458     26,804      126,642    245,550    127,854    828,742     6,886      709,032    0.*..........1870,           i 9,941,478     5,842       768       2,892      6,200       27,521    248,581    104,802.66,945     2,644.622,972
orses,................1850,   41,721    34,233    61,057     42,216      6,168     26,879      212,274   447,014     63,955    350,398    13,852      875,219
"................1860,   60,637    41,101    69,071     47,786      7,121     33,276     258,992    503,725     79,707    437,654    16,562    1,037,648
"..........     1870,     1,514    39,095    65,015     41,039      7,770     34,935     259,368    536,861     79,708    460,339    16,770     1,093,678
Working Oxen........1850,     83,893    59,027    48,577     46,611     8,189     46,988      293,285    178,909     12,070     61,527     9,797      262,303
".......1860,   79,792    51,512    42,639     38,221     7,857      47,939     267,960    121,703     10,067     60,371     9,530      201,671
"'........1870,         60,530    40,513    27,809     24,430      5,821     39,639      198,742.64,141      3,830     30,048 -6,880         104,907
Other Cattle,.........1850,  125,890   114,606   154,143     83,284      9,375     80,226      567,524   767,406     80,455    562,195   424,166    1,434,222
"..........360.    149,827  118,075   153,144     97,201     11,548     95,091      624,886    727,837     89,909    685,575   25,59B     1,548,917
"     "..........1870,   143,272   91,705   112,741     79,851      9,748     79,485      516,802    630,522     60,327    608,066    19,020    1,317,935
Milch Cows,........1850,     133,556    94,277   146,128    130,099     18,698     85,461      608,219    931,324    118,736   530,224    19,248     1,599,532
"      "..........1860,  147,314    94,880   174,667    144,492    19,700     98,877      679,930  1,123,634    138,818    673,547    22,595    1,958,594
"..........1870.   139.239    90.583   180.286    114.771    18806      98889       642,593   1,350,661   133,331    706,437    24,082    2,214,511




TrrR r'EA o s. 3e. l'aa.ho,:'OTAL,                    TOTAL
N 1850, 1860 AND 1870.       M'etampshire.'cuett        8   d.STTES.n
STix     ATEoS. y^vs                                    STATTAES.
Sheep................1850,    451,577   384,756 1,014,122    188,651     44,296     174,181    2,257,581  3,453,241    160,488  1,822,357    27,503    5,463,589................1860,   452,472   310,534   752,201    114,829     32,624     117,107    1,779,767  2,617,855    135,228  1,631,540    18,857    4,403,480................ 1870,  434,666   248,760   580,347     78,560     23,938     83,884    -1,450,155  2,181,578    120,067  1,794,801    22,714    4,118,660
Hogs,..................1850,    54,598    63,487    66,296     81,119     19,509     76,472      361,481   1,018,252    250,370  1,040,366    66,261    2,365,249
".................. 1860,  54,783    51,935    52,912     73,948     17,478     75,120      326,176    910,178    236,089   1,031,266    47,848    2,225,381
"..............  1870,    45,760     33,127    46,345     49,178     14,607     51,983      241,000    518,251     142,563    867.548    39,818    1,568,180
Value of Animals slaughtered or bold for slaughter,
1850, $1,646,773 $1,522,873 $1,861,336 $2,500,924  $667,486 $2,202,266  $10,401,658 $13,573,883 $2,638,552' $8,219,848  $373,665  $24,805,948'      "      "   1860, 2,780,179 3,787,500 2,610,800  2,915,045    711,723   3,181,992   15,987,239  15,841,404  4,120,276 13,399,375  573,075   33,934,130
1870, 4,939,071 3,720,243 4,320,619   4,324,653    755,552  4,881,858   22,942,001 28,225,720   6,982,162 28,412,908   997,403   64,618,188
Value of Leather tanned
1870, 8,779,227 1,965,576 1,249,942   9,984,497    741,103    732,628   18,452,970 26,988,320   3,110,657  19,828,323  244,993   50,172,293
DAIRY STOOK AND FARM PRODUCTS.
Lbs. Butter........... 1850, 9,243,811 6,977,056 12,137,980  8,071,370  995,670   6,498,119   43,924,006 79,766,094  9,487,210 89,878,418 1,055,308   130,187,30...........1860, 11,687,781 6,956,764 15,900,359  8,297,936  1,021,767  7,620,912  51,485,519 103,097,280 10,714,447 58,653,511 1,430,502  173,895,740
"     "...........1870, 11,636,432 5,965,080 17,844,396  6,559,161  941,199   6,716,007   49,662,275 107,147,526  8,266,023 60,834,644  1,171,963  177,420,156
"   per cow,.. 1870,       83         65        99         57         50         67           77         71         72         86         48           80
Cheese...........1850, 2,434,454 3,196,563 8,720.834  7,088,142    316,508   5,363,277   27,119,778 49,741,413    365,756  2,505,034     3,187   52,615,390'..........1860, 1,799,862 2,232,092 8,215,030  5,294,090  181,511   3,898,411   21,620,996 48,548,289    182,172  2,508,556     6,579   51,245,613
"..........1870P 1,152,590'19,118 4,830,700   2,245,873     81,976   2,031,194   11,191,451 22,769,964     38,229  1,145,209       315   23,953,71it
Butterand Cheese,1850, 11,678,265 10,173,619 20,858,814  15,159,512  1,312,178 11,861,396  71,043,784 129,507,507  9,852,966 42,383,452 1,058,495  182,802,420
"6       1t"  "  1860, 13,487,643 9,188,856 24,1I5,389 13,592,026  1,203,278  11,519,.2.3  73,106,515 151,645,569  10,896,619 61,162,067 1,437,081  225,141,336
"  "  "  1870, 12,789,022 6,814,198 22,675,096  8805,034  1,023175  8,747,201  60,853,726 129,917,490  8,304,252 61,979,853 1,172,278  201,373,878
" Butter and Cheese per
cow from Dairies,.... 1870,      92         75       125         75         54         88           94         99         62         87        48 -          90
Lbs. Factory Cheese,. 1870,....     23,250 2,984,179   1,885,466....      231,700    5,124,595 78,006,048    440,107  1,647,467....     80,093,622...        per cow, 1870,.....          15         16........7                      57          8          2....            36
Galls. Milk sold....... 1870, 1,374,091 2,352,884 3,835,840 15,284,057  1,944,044  6,253,259  31,044,175 135,q75,919  5,373,323  14,411,729  758,603  156,319,574




85         v     A1870         aine. Ha       reV                assa           de Connectcut.      Six     New-ork.N        Jry         an    Delaware.      Fo
IN 1850,1860 AND 1870.              H   AclhuWetts.                      Island.                STATES.                           sylvan.  TAoS
Lbs. Honey and Bees Wax,
1850,    189,618   117,140    249,422     59,508       6,347     93,304       715,339   1,755,830    156,694     839,509    41,248     2,793,281
"         "  "    "  1860,    323,454   130,078    220,944      62,414      5,801      67,101      809,792   2,490,771    194,055   1,454,697     68,130    4,207,653,"    "     "    "   1870,    160,893    59,612    148,167      26,494      6,788      33,484      435,438     982,619      62,657    824,022     38,951     1,902,249
Lbs. Hops.........     1850,    40,120    257,174   288,023     121,595        277         554       707,743  2,536,299       2,133     22,088       348      2,560,868
"    "............1860,   102,987   1.30,428   638,677     111,801         50        959       984,402   9,671,931       3,722     43,191       414      9,719,258."   "............1879    296,850  J,9,469     527,927      69,910        249       1,004      987,409  17,558,681     19,033      90,688       800     17,669,202
Lbs. Tobacco,.........1850,                    50....       138,246....     1,267,624     1,405,920     83,189        310     912,651....        996,150
".............1860,  1,583    18,581    12,245   3,233,198        705   6,000,133     9,266,445  5,764,582     149,485  3,181,586      9,699     9,105,352
"      ".........1870,        15   155,334     72,671   7,312,885        796   8,328,798    15,870,499  2,349,798     40,871   3,467,539       260      5,858,458
Lbs. Wool,............1850, 1,364,034   1,108,476 3,400,717     585,136     129,692    497,454     7,085,509  10,071,301    875,396   4,481,570    57,768    14,986,035,............ 1860, 1,495,060 1,160,222 3,U8,950        377,267      90,699    335,896     6,578,094   9,454,474    349,250   4,752,522    50,201    14,606,447
" "............1870, 1,774,168 1,129,442  3,102,137     306,659     77,328     254,129     6,643,863  10,599,225   336,609   6,561,722     58,316    17,555,872
Lbs. Flax.............. 1850,   17,081      7,652    20,852       1,162         85      17,928       64,760     940,577    182,965     530,307    11,174      1,665,023,",,............1860,       2,997      1,347     7,007        165....         1,187       12,703   1,518,025     48,651     312,368      8,112     1,887,156,,",............1870,     5,435       177     12,899        930....          300        19,741   8,670,818    234,061     815,906       878     4,721,663
Tons Hemp...........1860,           50        81.............             3          134           5        430          46          1          481
"     "...........1870,...........             2.......               2           6                    571....            582
Silk Cocoons,......     1850,       252        191       268           7....          828         1,046      1,774          23        285....           2,082,i,,..........1860,        73         1...........            18            92        259....           163....             422
"      "...........1870,....... I.........................                           1....      1
Forest Products,......1870, $1,531,741 $1,743,944 $1,238,929 $1,616,818   $254,683 $1,224,107    $7,610,222 $6,689,179    $352,704 $2,670,370    $111,810         4,063
Value of Sawed Lumber,
Shingles and Staves, 1870, 11,395,747 4,286,142  3,525,122   3,556,870    257,258   1,541,038    24,562,177  21,238,228  2,745,317  28,938,985   405,       53,327,571
PRODUCT OF MANUFACTUJRES
of all kinds,.. 1850, 24,661,057 23,164,503  8,570,920 157,743,994 22,117,688 47,114,585  283,372,747 237,597,249  39,851,256 155,044,910  4,649,296  437,142,711
"     "     "..1860, 38,193,254 37,586,453 14,637,807 255,545,922 40,711,296 81,924,555  468,599,287. 378,870,939 76,306,104 290,121,188  9,892,902  755,191,133
"..1870, 79,497,521 71,038,249 32,184,606 553,912,568 111,418,354 161,065,474 1,009,116,772 785,194,651 169,237,732 711,894,344 16,791,382 1,683,118,109
[This head doe% not include " Home Manufactures," their products forming elements of general commerce only to a limited
extent. The value of the total product of the United States in 1850 was $27,498,644; in 1870, $23,423,332.]




INTERIOR STATES NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER.
The facts presented in the following table are specially important in examining the question now agitating the country in respect to the proper development and regulation of the " inter-State" commerce of the American Union and its consequent foreign commerce. Of the total cereal product of the United
States, 59 per cent. is now furnished by these ten interior States. Their product, in 1870, after fully supplying the local population, left a surplus of at least
400,000,000 bushels, or 10,000,000 tons, for export.
NCOMPARATVE Aou08Ts            Ohio.    Indiana.   Michigan.   Illinois.  Wisconsin.  rinnesota.  Iowa.     Mlissouri.  Kansas. Nebraska.    TOTAL.
IN 1850, 1860 AND 1870.
Population............ 1850,  1,980,329    988,416    397,654     851,470    305,391     6,077     192,214    682,044........      5,403,595
"............1860,   2,339,511   1,350,428  7,749,113  1,711,951    775,881    172,023    674,913   1,182,012   107,206    28,841     9,091,879............1870,   2,665,260  1,680,637  1,184,059   2,539,891  1,054,670   439,706   1,194,020   1,721,295   364,399   122,993    12,966,930
LAND IN FARMS.
Acres improved,.......1850,    9,851,493  5,046,543   1,929,110  5,039,545  1,045,499     5,035     824,682   2,938,425....                26,680,332
".....1860,        12,625,394  8,242,183   3,476,296  13,096,374  3,746,167   526,250   3,792,792  6,246,871   405,468    118,789   52,276,581
".......1870,  14,469,133  10,104,279  5,096,939  19,329,952  5,899,343  2,322,102  9,396,467  9,130,615  1,971,003   647,031   78,366,864
unimproved,.... 1850,    8,146,000  7,746,879   2,454,780  6,997,867   1,931,159   23,846   1,911,382   6,794,245........     36,006,158
"     "....1860,  7,846,747   8,146,109  3,554,538   7,815,615  4,147,420  2,155,718  6,277,115  13,737,939  1,372,932  512,425   55,566,558
"... 1870,  7,243,287  8,015,369  4,922,203  6,552,909  5,815,978  4,161,726  6,145,326  12,576,605  3,685,876  1,426,750  60,546,029
Area of State..........1870,  25,576,960  21,637,760  36,128,640  35,462,400  34,511,360 53,459,840  35,228,800  41,824,000 52,043,520 48,636,800  384,510,080
Cash value of Farms,.. 1850, $358,758,603 $136,385,173 $51,872,446 $96,133,290 $28,528,563  $161,948 $16,657,567 $63,225,543........   $751,723,133
"    "   " Farming Implements, &c.,....1850,     12,750,585  6,704,444   2,891,371  6,405,561   1,641,568    15,981   1,172,869  3,981,525........    &35,563,904
Value of Live Stock,..1850,   44,121,741  22,478,555  8,008,734  24,209,258  4,897,385    92,859   3,689,275  19,887,580........    127,385,387
$914,672,424
Cash Value of Farmn,..1860, $678,132,991 $356,712,175 $160,836,495 $408,944,033 $131,117,164 $27,505,922 $119,899,547 $230,632,126 $12,258,239 $3,878,326 $2,129,917,018
11"   "     Farming Implements, &c.......... 1860,  17,538,832  10,457,897  5,819,832  17,235,472  5,758,847  1,018,183  5,327,033  8,711,508  727,694  205,664   72,800,962
Value of Live Stock,.. 1860,   80,384,819  41,855,539  23,714,771  72,501,225  17,807,375  3,642,841  22,476,293  53,693,673  3,332,450 1,128,771  320,537,758
$2,523,255,738
Cash Value of Farms,.1870, $1,054,465,226 $634,804,189 $398,240,578 $920,506,346 $300,414,064 $97,847,442 $392,662,441 $392,908,047 $90,327,040 $30,242,186 $4,312,417,559
"    " Farming Implements, &c........1870,   25,692,787  17,676,591  13,711,979  34,576,587  14,239,364  6,721,120  20,509,582  15,596,426  4,053,312  1,549,716  154,327,464
Value of Live Stock,...1870,  120,300,528  83,776,782  49,809,869 149,756,698  45,310,882 20,118,841  82,987,133  84,285,273 23,173,185  6,551,185  666,070,376
$5,132,815,399




COMPA ATIVE AXOUNT3             MOo.      Indiana.   Michigan.    Illinois.  Wiscosin. INinnesota.   Iowa.    Missouri.    Kansas. Nebraska.       TO.
ne 1850, 1860 AND 1870.
Pop'n aged 10 years, &c., engaged in Agriculture, 1870,     397,024     266,777     187,211     376,441     159,687    75,157     210,263     263,918     73,228    23,115     2,032,821
Average of agricultural wealth for each...........................................................................        $2,524
Total yearly value of all
farm products,.......1870, $198,256,907 $122,914,302 $81,508,623 $210,860,585 $78,027,032 $33,446,400 $114,386,441 $103,035,759 $27,630,651 $8,604,742  $978,671,442
Wages, &~,, paid,.....1870,    16,480,778   9,675,348   8,421,161  22,338,767   8,186,110  4,459,201  9,377,878   8,797,487  2,519,452    88,478.91,188,60
PRODUCIys'M   DETATL-CEREIAL.
Bushels Wheat harvested,
1850,    14,487,851   6,214,458  4,925,889   9,414,575  4,286,131      1,401   1,5630,581  2,981,652....           48,842,88......  1860,  15,119,047  16,848,267  8,336,368  23,837,023  15,657,458  2,186,993   8,449,403  4,227,586    194,178     147,867   95,004,185
"       "       "  1870,    27,882,159  27,747,222  16,265,773  30,128,445  25,606,344  18,866,073  29,435,692  14,315,926  2,391,198  2,125,086  194,763,918
Indian Corn,.. 1850,  59,078,695  52,964,863  5,641,420  57,646,984  1,988,979      16,725  8,656,799  36,214,537....     222,208,502
"      "    1860,    73,643,190  71,588,919  12,444,676 115,174,777  7,517,300  2,941,952  42,410,686  72,892,157  6,150,727  1,482,080  406,146,464
<"      "      "   1870,     67,501,144  51,094,538  14,086,238 129,921,395  15,033,908  4,743,117  68,935,065  66,034,075  17,025,525  4,736,710  439,111,715
"     Oats,.........1850,    13,472,742  5,655,014   2,866,056  10,087,241  8,414,672     30,582   1,524,345  5,278,079....... 42,328,731
".........1860,   15,409,234   5,317,831   4,036,980  15,220,029  11,059,260  2,176,002  5,887,645  3,680,870     88,325      74,502   62,950,678    I
"      "..........1870,   25,347,549  8,590,409   8,954,466  42,780,851  20,180,016  10,678,261  21,005,142  16,578,313  4,097,925  1,477,562  159,690,494
"    Rye..........1850,       425,918     78,792     105,871     83,364      81,253        125      19,916      44,268........        889,507
"      "..........1860,      683,686     463,495    514,129     951,281    888,544     121,411    183,022     293,262      3,833       2,495    4,105,158
"...........1870,  846,890     457,468    144,508   2,456,578   1,325,294     78,088    505,807     559,532     85,207      13,532    6,472,904
Buckwheat,... 1850,      638,060     149,740    472,917     184,504      79,878        515      52,516     23,641........       1,601,771...1860,    2,370,650    396,989     52,916     324,117      38,987     28,052     215,705    182,292      41,575     12,224     4,140,507
"...1870,     180,341      80,231    436,755     168,862    408,897      52,438     109,432     36,252      27,826      3,471     1,504,505
Barley,.......1850,     354,358      45,483      75,249    110,795     209,692      1,216      25,093      9,631.......        831,517
" ".......1860,     1,663,868    382,245    307,868    1,036,338    707,307    109,668    467,103     228,5.02      4,716      1,108     4,908,723
" ".......1870,     1,715,221    356,262    834,558   2,480,400   1,645,019  1,032,024   1,960,779    269,240     98,405     216,481    10,608,389
TOTA   CEAL     PRODIUCT OF THE TEN STATES AD RATIO TO TOTAL POPULATION.
Product in ten States.        Population.          Cereals per Head.       Wheat per Head.
1840..............................     166,204,291....     3,351,542....     49 bushels....      8 bushels.
1850....................................   811,652,066....     5,403,595....     52    "....      9    "
1860.....................................   577,255,715....     9,091,879....     63    "....     103   "
1870,...................................   812,151,925....    12,966,980....     68    "....    15    "
1868. Bushels of wheat per head in France, 8.S; in Russia, &6; in United Kingdom, 4,1; in Austria and Rungary, 4.1; in all Europe, 4.9,




PLOURING AND GMST MILL               QON       J  Eaaa.           g Mogkan,  MMin.  Wimcoe. -      iwmotoa,     AwL        AMwi4wL       Kafmw,     NebrasAa.      ToAw.
PRODUCTS.
Bushels Grain ground,.1870,- 2,541,270         21,425,856   16,891,910   38,178,736  19,196,354    8,226,852   17,623,004   24,255,846    2,667,331   1,507,843    175,15,602
Value.1870,                     $26,095,838 $20,144,958 $17,658,718 $34,489,217 $16,723,236      $6,070,540 $11,760,989 $23,693,114    $2,244,384   $1,057,267  $159,938,261
Value of Product.......1870,      31,692,210   25,371,322   21,174,247   43,876,775   20,419,87    7,534,575   15,635,345   31,867,352    2,98,215     1,616,150   201,996,068
Bush. Irish Potatoes,..1850,       5,051,769    2,083,387    2,359,897    2,514,861    1,402,077      21,145      276,120      939,06........       14,64,272..1860,       8,695,101   3,866,647    5,261,245    5,540,390    3,818,309    2,565,485   2,806,720    1,990,860       96,35      162,188     35,003,270
k       "'..1870,    11,192,814    5,399,044  10,318,799   10,944,790    6,646,129    1,943,06     5,914,620   4,288,361    2,34,988       789,984    59,680,592
"  Sweet     "..1850,       187,991      201,711        1,177     157,433          879         200        6,243      335,505........891,139
879   200   $,243  335,505           "      ~"'        ~~~~891,139..1860,       304,445     299,516       88,492      306,154        2,396         792       51,362      335,102        9,965         168      1,348,392..1870,         280,95       150,70         3 8,651     2,641:        2,220       1,59         4,292      241,253       4533           762      1,036,946
Lbs. Cane Sugar,......1860,..0-.....~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 49.....                                                                                 40~
Lbs CneSuar       1860,...........................42.~......40
Maple    "....1850,       4,588,209    2,921,192    2,439,794     248,904      610,976        2,950       78,497     178,910.......        11,069,342......1860,         3,345,508    1,541,761    4,051,822      134,935    1,584,451     370,669      315,436      142,028       3,742          122     11,490,474 ~'......1870,     3,469,128    1,332,332    1,781,855     136,873      507,192      210,467      146,490      116,980         93810                 7,702,265
Galls. Maple Molasses, 1850,         197,308      180,325       19,823       8,354        9,874....          3,162       5,686.......424,482
~"  "     "      1860,      3870,512      292,908       78,998       20,048      83,118       23,038       11,405       18,289           2          275        898,593
1870,       352,612      227,880       23,637       10,378       31,218      12,722        9,315       16,317         212....          684,291
"  Sorghum          1860,       779,076      881,049       86,958      806,589       19,854      14,178    1,211,51!      796,111       87,6 6       8,497      4,206,475
7 "       0,     2,028,427    2,026,212       94,686    1,960,4738     74,4,78      38,85     1,218, 6     1,730,171     449,409       77,598      9,698,89
"    Cane              1860,........................"22,305230
Orchard products......1856,         $695,921     $824-,940   $132,650     $446,049       $4,823...         $8,434     $514,711......      $,1',5;.....1860,     1,929,309    1258,42      1,122,074-   1,126,323      78,690.        $649      118,87       810,975        $656         $125      6,44,120
"'      ".....1870,,848,679    2,858,086    3,447,985   3,571,78:      819,268       15,818.,0 5,19    2,617,463      158,046        9,932    20,417S,21
Galls. Domestic Wine,.1860,          568,617      102,895       14,427       50,690       6,278          412        3,369       27,827         583          671       775,769....'               1870,!4-,912      19,479,83       11,88         9,.       1,1         3           32,.8,38     14,88           4707',3




ComPARTIVE AXomKTs
CO1MPARTIE AMOUNTS 1Ohio..                   Indiana.     Michigan.    Illinois.  Wisconsin. Minnesota.       Iowa.     Missouri.   Kansas.     Nebraska.     ToTAL.
IN 1850, 1860 AND 1870.
Market Garden products,
1850,      $214,004      $72,864     $14,738     $127,494     $32,142        $150      $8,848     $99,454....        $569,694
~"  "       " 1860,        907,513      546,153     145,883      387,027     208,730     174,704     169,870     346,405      31,641     10,582      2,928,500
~"  "    "     1870,     1,289,272      487,479     352,658      765,992     226,665     115,234     244,963     406,655     129,013      30,649     4,048,580
Peas and Beans, bush., 1850,         60,168      35,773       74,254      82,814       20,657      10,002       4,775      46,017........         334,460
~"  "      "    1860,        102,511      79,902      165,128     108,028       99,484      18,988     41,081     107,999       9,827       5,029       737,977
"    1870,        45,443       35,526     349,365      115,854      388,425     46,601      42,313      43,986      13,109       3,332      1,083,954
Tons Hay.............. 1850,      1,443,142      403,230     404,934      601,952     275,662       2,019      89,055     116,925........        3,336,919..............1860,         1,564,502     622,426     768,256    1,774,554     855,037     179,482     813,173     401,070      56,232      24,458      7,059,190
"    "............1870,   2,289,565    1,076,768    1,290,923   2,747,339    1,287,651    695,053   1,777,339     615,611     490,289     169,354    12,439,892
Clover, Flax and Grass
Seeds, bushels,.....1850,         329,387      67,159       26,793       28,594       6,667....         4,397      18,661........          481,668
"  "........1860,       540,899     215,060       62,794      218,774      34,620       3,732      78,741      62,585       3,157        712       1,221,074........1870,             783,060     480,476       58,036      443,993     127,944      21,806     144,528      25,131       9910         537      2,095,421
ANIMALS.^
Horses,................1850,        463,397     814,299       58,506      267,653      30,179         860      38,56      225,319.......         1,398,749................1860,       625,346      520,677      136,917     563,736      116,180      17,065     175,088    361,874      20,344       4,449      2,541,676
"................1870,       609,722     497,883      228,302      853,738     252,019      93,011     433,642     493,969     117,786     30,511      3,610,583
Working Oxen........ 1850,           65,381      40,221       55,850       76,156      42,801         655      21,892     112,168........          414,624
"1'.......1860,        63,078      117,687      61,686       90,380      93,652      27,568      56,964     166,588      21,551      12,594       711,406
"        ".......1870,        23,606      14,088       36,499       19,766      53,615      43,176      22,058      65,825      20,774       5,931       305,338
Other Cattle............ 1850,      749,067      389,891     119,471      541,209      76,293         740      69,025     449,173........       2,394,869, "..........1860.   895,077      588,144     238,615      970,799      225,207     51,345     293,322     657,153      43,354      17,608      3,980,624
"'..........1870,       758,221      618,360      260,171   1,055,499      331,302    145,736     614,366     689,355     229,753      45,057      4,747,820
Milch Cows,...........1850,         544,499      284,554      99,676      294,671      64,339         607      45,704     230,169........       1,564,219
"..........1860,       676,585     363,553      179,543      522,634     203,001      40,344     189,802     845,243      28,550       6,995      2,556,250
*l't..........1870,        654,390      393,736      250,859     640,321      308,377     121,467    369,811     398,515     123,440      28,940      3,289,856
Sheep................1850,        3,942,929    1,122,493     746,435      894,043     124,896          80     149,960     762,511........       7,743,347,................1860,        3,546,767     991,175    1,271,743      769,135     332,954      13,044     259,041     937,445      17,569      2,355      8,118,228.................1870,     4,928,635    1,612,680    1,985,906   1,568,286 i 1,069,282      132,343    855,493    1,352,001    109,088      22,725     13,686,439




CLO'wARTIV6    AMwO   TS            Ohio.     Indiana.    Michigan.    lllinois. Wisconsin. Mrinnesota.     Iowa.   MJssouri.     Kansas. Nebraska.       TOTAL.
Hogs..................1850,      1,964,770   2,263,776     205,847    1,915,907     159,276        734     323,247   1,702,625........      8,536,182
"................1860,     2,251,653    3,099,110     372,386   2,502,308      334,055    101,371     934,820   2,354,425    138,224     25.369     12,113,721
"..................1870,      1,728,968    1,872,230     417,811   2,703,343     512,778     148,473   1,353,908   2,306,430    206,587     59,449     11,309,977
Value of Animals slaughtered or sold for slaughter,
18S50,   $7,439,243   $6,567,935  $1,328,327  $4,972,286    $920,178      $2,840    $821,164 $3,367,106.......    $25,419,079."     "       "  1860,    14,725,945    9,824,204   4,093,362  15,032,433    3,365,261    751,544  4,430,030   9,844,449    558,174      97,799     62,722,801
""  "  "  1870,     40,498,375  30,246,962   11,711,624  56,718,944  11,914,643   3,076,650  25,781,223  23,626,784  4,156,386    854,850    208,586,441
Value of Leather tanned,
1870,     3,714,232    1,310,242   1,606,311    2,013,774   2,013,093     76,242      50,139    463,452      11,928....      11,259,418
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Lbs. Butter............ 1850,   34,449,379  12,%1,535    7,065,878   12,526,543   3,633,750      1,100   2,171,188   7,834,359.......      80,563,732
"     "...........1860,     48,543,162  18,306,651  15,503,482   28,052,551  13,611,328  2,957,673  11,953,666  12,704,837  1,093,497     342,541   153,069,388
"     "...........1870,    50,266,372   22,915,385  24,400,185  36,083,405   22,473,036  9,522,010  27,512,179  14,455,825  5,022,758   1,539,535   214,190,690
"  Cheese..........1850,     20,819,542     624,564    1,011,492   1,278,225     400,283....     209,840     203,572........      24,547,518
"..........1860,    21,618,893     605,795    1,641,897   1,848,557    1,104,300    199,314    918,635     259,633     29,045      12,342     28,238,411..........1870,     8,169,486     283,807     610,804    1,661,703   1,591,798     233,977   1,087,741    204,090    226,607      46,142     14,176,155
"Butterand Cheese,1850,       55,263,921   13,506,099   8,077,370   13,804,768   4,034,033      1,100   2,381,028   8,037,931........    105,111,250
"     "          "   1860,    70,162,055   18,912,446  17,145,379  29,901,108   14,715,628  3,156,987  12,872,301  12,964,470  1,122,542     354,883   181,307,799
";     "         " 4; 1870,    58,435,858  23,199,192   25,070,989  37,745,108  24,064,834   9,755,987  28,599,920  14,659,915  5,249,365  1,585,677   228,366,845
" Butter and Cheese per
cow from Dairies,....1870,           89          58          99           58          78          80         77          36         42          54            69
Lbs. Factory Cheese,. 1870,      15,984,390     107,680   1,690,997    4,072,301   1,696,783     37,500     256,906       9,785     15,000      32,400    23,903,742
I"     "    per cow, 1870,            24           4           6            6           5           1          1........           1             7
Galls. Milk sold....... 1870,   22,275,344     936,983    2,277,122   9,258,545   2,659,105    208,130     688,800    857,704     196,662      95,059    38,853,454
Lbs. Honey and Bees Wax,
1850,       804,275      935,329     359,232     869,441      131,005         80     321,711   1,328,972....                  4,750,048...."      "   1860,      1,513,387   1,259,014     810,914    1,403,533     215,302     35,829     952,103   1,665,173     18,125      5,983      7,879,365
"     "          "   1870,       785,612      407,327     294,896    1,593,440    309,286      96,569     855,438   1,191,692    113,035      28,821     5,676,116




COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS                    0io.     Indqnid. Mihxgan.           llinois  Wisconin. Mnnsota.            Iowa.    WsWori.         a&s.Nefe.    ToA
IN 1850, 1860 AND 1870.
Hops, lbs............. 1850,          63,731       92,796       10,663        3,551       15,930....          8,242        4,130........         199,043
"  ".............1860,        27,533      27.884       60,602        7,254      135,587         132        2,078        2,265         197          41        263,573
".".............1870,    101,236      63,884      828,269      104,032    4,630,155     222,065      171,113       19,297         396          100     6,140,547
Tobacco, lbs........... 1850,     10,454,449    1,044,620       1,245      841,394        1,268....          6,041   17,113,784....                  29,462,801...         1.........860,  25,092,581  7,993,378  121,099  6,885,262       87,340       38,938     303,168   25,086,196       20,349       3,636     65,631,947...........1870,  18,741,973  9,325,392       5,385    5,249,274      960,813       8,247       71,792   12,320,483       33,241       5,988    46,722,588
Cotton,.............1850,....            14..............................              14
"...........    1860,.............       1,482............         41,188          61....           42,731,.................1870,....              3....           465............         1,246            7....            1,721
Wool, lbs...............1850,      10,196,371   2,610,287    2,043,283    2,150,113      253,963          85      373,898.   1,627,164....                   19,255,164
"'.............1860,       10,608,927    2,552,318    3,960,888    1,989,567    1,911,933      20,388      660,858    2,069,778      24,746       3,202  2:,902,705
"     ".............1870,     20,539,643   5,029,023    8,726,145    5,739,249    4,090,670     401,185    2,967,043    3,649,390     335,005       74,655    51,552,008
Flax, lbs..1850,                      446,932     584,469        7,152      160,063       68,393....         62,660      527,160........       1,856,829
"..............1860,       882,423       97,119        4,128       48,235      21,644        1,983       30,226      109,837       1,135....        1,196,730 
".............1870,     17,880,024       37,771     240,110    2,204,606      497,398      122,571     695,518       16,613        1,040          54    21,696,305     C
Tons Hemp.               185,             150................................         16,028........           16,178............1860,           1,212        4,22          776         1,502         356          109         651       19,267449                               28,148.............1870,              25          22....            174........              4        2,816          35....            3,076
Silk Cocoons, lbs.,.....1850,           1,552         38?          108           47........        246          186........           2,526......1..860,         7,394          575           12        1,545          15           52         124          127           40         120         1,04
"      "       ".... 1870,........3........             3
Silk Cocoons.-Total product of the United States decreased from 10,843 lbs. in 1850, to 3,237 lbs. in 1870, of which 3,583 in California.
[Product of France increased from 16,80G,000 lbs. in 1835, to 34,500,000 lbs. in 1866. Product of Italy in 1868, 43,050,000 lbs.]
Forest products.........1870,      $2,719,140  $2,645,679   $2,559,682   $1,087,144   $1,327,618    $311,528   $1,200,468     $793,343     $368,947     $36,307   $13,049,856
Value of Sawed Lumber,
Shingles and Staves,.1870,     $10,235,180 $12,324,755 $31,946,396     $4,546,769 $15,130,719   $4,299,162   $5,764,285   $6,363,112   $1,736,381   $278,205    $92,654,964
PRODUCT OF MANUFACTURES
of all kinds,.........  1850,  $62,692,279 $18,725,423 $11,169,002 $16,534,272      $9,293,068     $58,300   $3,551,783 $24,324,418........    $146,348,5456........... 1S60,        121,691,148   42,803,469   32,658,356   57,580,886  27,849,467    3,373,172   13,971,325   41,782,731  $4,357,408    $607,328    316,615,290
"........... 1870,   69,713,610 108,6174278 118,394678 205,6      67    77,214,326   23410,70. 46,534,,32    206,213,49    11,75,833    6,72,512 1,07Q,98,58




ATLANTIC STATES-MARTLAIT To FLORIDA, INCLUSIVE.
CoxArTmv      AxOUNTS tJ Maryland.                       Virginia.  North Carolina.   South Carolina.         Georgia.        Florida.          TOTAL.
1850, 160 2AND 1870.
Population,......................1850,   583,034..    1,421,661..     869,039..     668,507..      906,185..     87,445..    4,535,871
"........................1860,  687,049..    1,596,318..     992,622..     703,708..    1,057,286..    140,424..     5,177,407
"........................1870,  780,894..    1,225,163..    1,071,361..     705,606..    1,184,109..    187,748..     5,154,881
LAND IN FARMs.
Acres improved.................1850,   2,797,905..   10,360,135..    5,453,975..   4,072,651..    6,378,479..    349,049..    29,412,194
"       "..................1860,  3,002,267..   11,437,821.    6,517,284..   4,572,060..    8,062,758..    654,213..    34,246,403
"       "                      1870,   2,914,007..    8,165,040..   5,258,742..    3,010,539..    6,831,856..    736,172..    26,916,356
"    unimproved...............1850,   1,836,445..   15,792,176..   15,543,008..   12,145,049..   16,442,900..  1,246,240..   63,005,818
"         "...............1860,  1,833,304.~    19,679,215..   17,245,685..   11,623,859..   18,587,732..  2,266,015..    71,235,810
"         "...............1870,  1,598,572..    9,980,871..   14,576,668..    9,096,741..   16,816,085..  1,637,369..   53,704,306
Area of State, acres,..............1870,  7,219,360..   24,545,280..  32,450,560..   18,804,800..   37,120,000      37,931,520..  158,071,520
Cash Value of Farms.............. 1850, $87,178,545.. $216,401,543.. $67,891,766.. $82,431,684.. $95,753,445.. $6,323,109.. $555,980,092 
l"  "'       Farming    Implements
and Machinery,...........  1850,   2,463,443..    7,021,772..    3,931,532..   4,136,354..    5,894,150..    658,795..    24,106,046
Cash Value of Live Stock......... 1850,  7,997,634..   33,656,659..   17,717,647..  15,060,015        25,728,41..     2,880,058..   103,040,429
$683,126,567
Cash Value of Farms.............. 1860, $145,973,677.. $371,761,661.. $143,301,065.. $139,652,508.. $157,072,803.. $16,435,727.. $974,197,441
t     "     of Farming Implements
and Machinery.................. 1860,  4,010,529..    9,392,296..    5,873,942..   6,151,657..    6,844,387..    900,669..    33,173,480
Cash Value of Live Stock........ 1860,  14,667,853..   47,803,049..   31,130,805..   23,934,465..   38,372,734..  5,553,56..  161,463,062
$1,168,833,983
Cash-Value of Farms.............. 1870, $170,369,684.. $213,020,845.. $78,211,083.. $44,808,763., $94,559,468.. $9,947,920.. $610,917,763
"1    "  of   Farming   Implements
and Machinery,.................1870,  5,268,676..    4,924,036..    4,082,111..   2,282,946..    4,614,701..    505,074..    21,677,544
Cash Value of Live Stock......... 1870,  18,433,698..  28,187,669..   21,993,967..  12,443,510..   30,156,317..   5,212,157..   116,427,318
$749,022,625
* This table does not include the product for the year 1870 of the territory now comprised in the State of West Virginia.




COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS IN              Maryland.         Virginia.     North Carolina. South Carolina,          Georgia.         Florida.           TOTAL.
1650, 1860 AND 1870.
Population of 10 years and over engaged
in Agriculture................... 1870,   80,449..      244,550..     269,238..      206,654..      336,145..     42,492..    1,179,528
Average Agricultural wealth of each,
1870,..................................        $635
Total estimated value of all farm productions, &c...................1870, $35,343,927..   $51,774,801.. $57,845,940.. $41,909,402.. $80,390,228.. $8,909,746.. $276,144,044
Wages paid during the year, &c.,.1870,    8,560,367..     9,753,041..   8,342,856..   7,404,297..   19,787,986..   1,537,060..   55,384,707
PRODUCTS IN DETAIL-CEREALS.
Bushels Wheat harvested......... 1850,    4,494,680..   11,212,616..    2,130,102..    1,066,277..    1,088,534..      1,027..   19,993,236,  "      "........1860,   6,103,480..   13,130,977..    4,743,706..    1,285,631..    2,544,913..      2,808..   27,811,515
~ "'~........1870,   5,774,503..    7,398,787..    2,859,879..      783,610..    2,127,017........   18,933,776
"    Indian Corn.............1850,   10,749,858..   35,254,319..   27,941,051..   16,271,454..   30,080,099..  1,996,809   -.   122,293,590
"       L  "............1860,  13,444,922..   38,319,999..   30,078,564..   15,065,606..   30,776,293..  2,834,391..  130,519,775
"  ~^     t............1870,  11,701,817..   17,649,304..   18,454,215..    7,614,207..   17,646,459..   2,225,056..   75,291,058
"    Oats,....................1850,   2,242,151..   10,179,144..    4,052,078..    2,322,155..    3,820,044..     66,586..    22,682,158.......................1860,     3,959,298..   10,188,720..    2,781,860..     936,974..    1,231,817..     46,899..    19,143,568  0o, ".....................1870,  3,221,643..     6,857,555.    3,220,105..      613,593..    1,904,601..    114,204..   15,931,701
"  Rye,.....................1850,    226,014..      458,930..      229,563..       43,790..       53,750..      1,152..    1,013,199
".....................1860,    518,901,..     944,330..     436,856..      89,091..      115,532..    21,306..     2,126,016
".....................1870,  307,089..  582,264..     352,006..      36,165..      82,549..        545..     1,360,618
"    Buckwheat...............1850,      103,671..      214,898..       16,704..         283..         250..        55..     335,861
~'~..............1860,    212,338..      478,090..      35,924..         602..       2,023........      728,977
~      ~..............1870,     77,867..       45,075..      20,109..         312..         402........      143,765
"    Barley..................1850,         745..       25,437..       2,735..       4,583..      11,501........      45,001,,...................1860,    17,350..       68,846..       3,445..      11,490..      14,682..      8,369..      124,182.....................1870,       11,315..       7,259..       3,186..       4,752..       5,640..         12..       32,164
TOTAL CEREAL PRODUCT OF THE SIX STATES AND RATIO TO POPULATION.
Product in Bushels.          Population.          Cereals per Head.      TWheat per Head.
1840,....................................   147,678,261....     3,803,502....      39 bushels....      4.7 bushels.
1850....................................    166,363.045....     4,535,871....     36....      4.6
1860.....................................   180,451,033....     5,177,407....     35    "....      5.0 
1870,...................................    111,723,082....     5,154,881....     21    "....      3.6




FLOUROG AND GRiST MIL PRODUCT, Maryland.        irginia.  North Carolina. South Carolina.  Georgia.    Florida.TOTAL.
1850, 1860 AND 1870.
Bushels Grain ground............. 1870,  5,131,288.. 9,945,823..  5,522,936.. 2,003,513.. 7,173,693..  396,458.. 30,173,716
Value,............................ 1870, $5,794,475..$10,469,199.  $6,430,058..$2,658,071..$9,163,040.$410,266..$34,925,109
Value~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~$,6,01..                                   $,6,4.       $10,26.$469 5, 0
Value of Product,.................1870,  6,786,459.. 12,649,276.. 7,583,133.. 3,180,247..11,202,029.. 508,388.. 41,909,532
Bushels Potatoes................. 1850, 764,939. 1,316,933.. 620,318.. 136,494..227,379..     7,828..   3,073,891,,,,................1860,  1,264,429.. 2,232,398.. 830,565.. 226,735..  303,789..   18,766..   4,936,682...............1870,   1,632,205..  1,293,853..  738,803..    83,252..   197,101..   10,218..   3 955,438
"   Sweet Potatoes.......... 1850,  208,993.. 1,813,634.. 5,095,709.. 4,337,469.. 6,986,428.. 757,226.. 19,199,459..........1860,             236,740..   1,960,817.. 6,140,030.. 4,115,688.. 6,508,541.. 1,129,759.. 20,091,584,,       "..........1870,  218,706..  865,882..  3,071,840.. 1,342,165.. 2,621,562..  789,456      8,909,611
Lbs. Maple Sugar,................1850,  47,740..  1,227,665.. 27,932..    200..50.........   1,303,587,,,,,................1860,  63,281.. 938,103..    30~845..      205           991........   1,033,425
6,"  -................1870,  70,464.. 245,093..    21,257..       2.............     336,816
Hhds. Cane  "................1850,..................       671..      1,642..    2,750..     5,063................1860,............38..198..      1,167..    1,669..      3,072,"        f i................1870,....5..........      1,055.644..     952..      2,686
Gans. Maple Molasses,............1850,  1,430.. 40,322..     704..    15,904..    216,150..   352,893..     627,403,       "    "............1860,  2,404..    99,605..    17,759........20........    119,788
"............1870,   374..     11,400..      418....................      12,192
"  Cane    "............1860,...........     12,494....          546,749       436,357..   995,600,"  ".............1870,............     33,888..   436,882..   553,192..  344,339..   1,368,801
"  Sorghum"............1860,  907..     221,270..   263,475..    51,041..   103,490........    640,183
*6    tl   *............1870,  28,563..  329,155..   621,855..   183,585..   374,027........   1,537,185
Orchard products................ 1850,  164,051.. 177,137.. 34,348..   35,108..     92,776..    1,280..    504,700
-     6.................1860,  252,196.. 800,650.. 643,688..    213,989..   176,048..   21,259..   2,107,830
6.................1870,  1,319,405.. 891,231.. 394,749..   47,960..   352,926.    53,639..   3,059,910
Galls. Domestic Wine,.............1850,  1,431.. 5,408..   11,058..     5,880..       796..       10..      24,583
6             "  ".............1860,  3,222.. 40,808.. 54,064..    24,964..     27,646..     336..     151,040
"  "     ".............1870,  11,583..    26,283..    62,348..    13,179..    21,927..     681..     136,001




15 oAlOlUT8 IN   HMarJand.         Virginia.  North Carolina.   South Carolina.    Georgia.      Florida.       TOTAL.
1850, iai0 AND 1870.
Market garden products............1850,  $200,869    $183,047..    $39,462..    $47,286..    $76,500..    $8,721..    $555,885
": "      "...........1860,  530,221.     589,467..     75,663..    187,348..     201,916..    20,828..    1,605,443
"  "*'...........1870,  1,039,782..  505,117..     48,499..     127,459..     193,266..    31,983..    1,946,106
Bushels Peans and Beans.......... 1850,  12,816..   521,379..   1,584,252..   1,026,900..  1,142,011..   135,359..    4,422,917
"  "      " ~........1860,    34,407..     515,168..   1,932,20..    1,728,074..   1,765,214..   363,2176,338,284
94~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, 64,846                                      138,656
"  "      "........1870.  57,556..     162,107..    532,749.     460,378..    410,020..    64,846..    1,687,656
Tons Hay,.........................1850,  157,956..  369,98..    145,653..     20,925..     23,449..     2,510..     719,591..........................1860,  191,744.. 445,133..    181,365..      87,587..     46,448..    11,478..     963,755
"..........................1870,  223,119..     199,883..      83,540..     10,665..      10,518..       17..     527,742
Bushels Clover, Flax and Grass Seeds,
1850,    20,224..     103,473..     40,047..        461..      1,182            2..     165,389
193,664
1860,    44,576..     122,716..     23,348..        379..      2,645                        193,664
~"  "   "      "  ~1870,     39,190..      33,775..      8,409..      7,708.        731........      89,813
ANIXALs.
Horses,............................1850,  75,684..  272,403..    148,693..      97,171..    151,331..    10,848..     756,130
"............................1860,  93,406.. 287,579..     150,661..     81,125..     130,771..    13,446..     756,988
"........................ 1870,   89,696..    152,899..    102,763..     44,105..     81,777..    11,902..     483,142
Working Oxen....................1850,  34,135..      89,513..     37,309..     20,507..     73,286..     5,794..     260,544
"....................1860, 34,524..      97,872,..     48,511..      22,629..     74,487..     7,361..     285,384
",I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:
".....................1870,  22,491.. 45,987..    45,408..     17,685..     54,332..     6,292..     192,195
Other Cattle....................... 1850,  98,595.. 669,137..    434,402..     563,935..    690,019..   182,415..    2,638,503."....... 1....860,   119,254..     615,882..    416,676..    320,209..    631,707..   287,725..    2,391,458
".......................1870,  9S,074..     277,285..    279,023..     132,925..    412,261..   322,701..   1,522,269
Milch Cows,.......................1850,  86,836..   317,619..    221,799..    193,244..    834,223..    72,876..    1,226,617. ".......................1860,  99,463.. 330,713..     228,623..    163,938..     299,688..    92,974..    1,215,399
"........................ 1870,  94,794.. 188,471..  196,731..     98,693..     231,310..    61,922..     871,921
Sheep..............................1850,  177,902.. 1,310,004..  595,249..     285,551..    560,435..     23,311..   2,952,452...................860,  155,765..  1,043,269..   546,749.,    233.509..    512,618..    3,158..    2,522,068
".............................1870,  129,697..  870,145..   463,45..     124,594..    419,465..    26,599..   1,533,935




COXPARATivi AMOUNrTS                                                                                                                                           T   A
1850,1860 AND 1870.                  bwt/.          Thinia.,       Nortk Carolina.      S'outh Carolina.        Georgia.            Florida.TOTAL.
Hogs...............................1850,       852,911..     1,829,843..    1,812,813..     1,065,503..     2,168,617..     209,453..     7,439,140.............................860,     387,756..     1,599,919..    1,883,214..       965,779..     2,036,116..     271,742..      7,144,526
"..............................1870,       257,893..       674,670..     1,075,215..      395,999..      9S8,566..     158,908..     3,551,251
Value of Animals slaughtered or sold
for slaughter....................1850,     $1,954,800..    $7,502,986..   $5,7674866.   $3,502,637..   $6,339,762..   $514,685..   $25,582,736
"  ".....................1860,   2,821,510..    11,491,027..    10,414,546..     6,072,822..   10,908,204..   1,193,904..    42,902,013
"  "..............;....1870,    4,621,418.      8.375.975..     7,983,132..     2,507,149..   30,156,317..     520,966..    54,164,957
Value of Leather tanned..........1870,         1,265,388..       462,149..       184,113..       85,778..      283,960..      13,800..     2,295,188
DAIRY STOCK AND PRODUCTS.
Lbs. Butter........................1850,      3,806,160..    11,089,359..     4,146,290..    2,981,850..    4,640,559..    371,498..    27,035,716
".......................1860,     5,265,295..    13,464,722..    4,735,495..    3,177,934..    5,439,765..     408,855..    32,492,066
"      ".......................1870,     5,014,729..      6,979,269..    4,297,834..    1,461,980..    4,449,572..     100,989..    22,304,373
"      perCow..............1870,               51..37..           21..           15..19.           1..25
Cheese....................... 1850,          8,975..       436,292..        95,921..        4,970..       46,976..      18,015..       606,149.......................1860,             8,342..       280,852.,       51,119..         1,543..        15,587..       5,280..       862,723......................1870,               6,732..        71,743..        75,185..          169..        4,292..25..      158,146
Lbs. Butter and Cheese........... 1850,        3,810,135..    11,525,651..     4,242,211..     2,986,820..     4,687,535..     389,513..    27,641,865................1860,               5,273,637..     13,745,574..    4,786,614..     3,179,477..     5,455,352..     414,135..    32,854,789
"      "           "lG..........1870,    5,021,461..     7,051,012..    4,873,019..    1,462,149..    4,453,864..    101,014..    22,462,519
"     "            "    per Cow from
Dairies,........................1870,              53..37..           22..           15..19..1..25
Lbs. Factory Cheese...............1870,......        12,500..        48,800.................61,300
*1  "   "l      per Cow,....1870,
Gallons Milk sold..................1870,      1,520,101..       266,812..        17,145..      241,815..      109,139.        3,002..     2,158,014
Lbs. Honey and Bees Wax........1850,             74,802..       880,767..      512,289..      216,281..      732,514..      18,971..     2,435,624
"        "...     " "....... 1860,    200,814..     1,526,451..     2,226,464..      566,556..     1,015,420..     126,419..      5,661,624
"          "    "........1870,       m3..       531,677..     1,513,094..       205,657..      642,110..      56,936..      3,071,851




ComPARATIVE AMouNTs IN
COA1860 AND~T187 IN            l aryjland.      Virginia.  North Carolina.  South Carolina.   Georgia.      Florida.        TOTAL.
18.50, 1860 AND 1870.
Lbs. Hops,........................1850,  1,870..   11,506..      9,246..        26..261..14..     22,923
"    "........................1860,  2,943..    10,024..      1,767..122..199........      15,055
"'   ".....................1870,  2,800..  10,999..       238..      1,507..         2........     15,546
"Tobacco,.....................1850, 21,407,497.. 56,803,227..11,984,786..    74,285..    423,924..   998,614..   91,692,333
"  "....................1860, 38,410,965..  123,968,312..32,853,250.. 104,412..   919,318..    828,815..197,085,052
"....................1870, 15,785,339.. 37,086,364.. 11,150,087.. 34,805..    288,596..   157,405..   64,502,596
"  Rice........................1850,......    17,154..   5,465,868.. 159,930,613.. 38,950,691.. 1,075,090.. 205,439,416......................... 1860,....     8,225       7,593,976..119,100,528..52,507,652..    223,704..179,434,085
"  "........................1870,............   2,059,281..  32,304,825.. 22,277,380..  401,687..   57,043,173
Bales Cotton, 400 lbs. each,........1850,.....      3,947..     73,845        301,901         499,091        45,131         923,915
~"  ~  "     "........1860,......      12,727..    145,514..     353,412..    701,840..    65,153..   1,278,646
""    "........ 1870,'......        183..     144,935..    224,500..    473,934..    39,789..     883,341
Lbs. W001....~~.....................850, 4174
Lbs. Wool....................... 1850, 477,438     2,860,765..    9T0,738..     487,233..    990,019..    23,247       5,809,440......................1860,  491,511.. 2,510,019.. 883,473..  427,102..     946,227..    59,171.    5,317,503
"........................1870,  435,213     877,110         799,697        156,314        846,947        37,562        3,152,843 
" Flax,.........................1850,  35,686.. 1,000,450..   593,796..        333           5,387           50         1,635,702
"........................1860,  14,481.. 487,808..    216,490..        344..      3,303......722,426
"  "........................1870,  30,760..  130,750..    59,552........983........     222,045
Tons Hemp,......................1850,    63..139..39............                             241
"......................1860,  272..15..     3,016..1..31..1..       3,336
"  "......................1870,......31..........................31
Lbs. Silk Cocoons,................1850,  39..        517..       229..       123             813             6           1,727
" l   "................1860,    3..225..       338..20..72........658................1870,..                 7..95........14                                    116
Forest Products,..................1870,  $613,209  $686,862..$1,089,115        $167,253     $1,281,623        $7,965      $3,846,027
Valne ol Sawed Lumber, Shingles and'
Staves,..........................1870,  1,501,471.. 2,111,055.. 2,000,243.. 1,197,005..  4,044,375..2,235,780..   13,089,929
PRODUCT OF MANUFACTUPRES of all kinds,
1850, 33,043,892..  29,602,507..  9,111,050..  7,045,477..   7,082,075..  668,335..   86,553,336
"           "         "  1860, 41,735,157..  50,652,124..  16,678,698..  8,615,195.. 16,925,564..2,447,969..   137,054,707
6 "                66 1870, 76,593,613..  38,364,322..  19,021,327..   9,858,981..31,196,115..4,685,403..179,719,761




STATES SOUTH OF THE OHIO RIVER AND ON THE GULF OF MEXICO.
1850, 186 AD 187T0.                 Vir ginia. Kenftucky.    Tennessee.    Alabama. Mississippi. Louisiana.        Arkansas.      Texas.       TOTAL.
Population............................ 1850,....        932,405    1,002,717      771,623     [606,526      517,762      209,897      212,592     4,303,522
"..........................1860,....      1,155,684    1,109,801      964,201      791,305      708,002      435,450      604,215     5,768,658
"..........................1870,   442,014     1,321,011    1,258,520      996,992      827,922      726,915      484,471      818,579     6,876,424
LAND IN FARMS.
Acres improved.....................1850,....      5,968,270    5,175,173    4,435,614    3,444,358    1,590,025      781,530      643,976    22,038,946' "......................1850,....      7,644,208    6,795,337    6,385,724    5,065,755    2,707,108    1,983,313    2,650,781    33,232,226
"  ".                    1860,    2,580,254    8,103,850    6,843,278    5,062,204    4,209,146    2,045,640    1,859,821    2,964,836     33,669,029
unimproved...................1850,....     10,981,487   13,808,849    7,702,067    7,046,061    3,399,018    1,816,684   10,852,363    55,606,520
"        "..................1860,....     11,519,053   13,873,828   12,718,821   10,773,929    6,591,468    7,590,393   22,693,247    85,760,739
"        "..........       1870,     5,948,140   10,556,256   12,737,936    9,898,974    8,911,967    4,980,177    5,737,475   15,431,687     74,202,612
Area of State........................ 1870,  14,720,000   24,115,200   29,184,000   32,462,080   30,179,840   26,461,440   33,406,720   175,787,840   366,317,120
Cash value of Farms...............150,....   $155,021,262  $97,851,212  $64,323,224  $54,738,634  $75,814,398  $15,265,245  $16,550,008   $479,563,983   ^
"' "     Farm. Implements, &c.,. 1850,....      5,169,037    5,360,210    5,125,663    5,762,927   11,576,938    1,601,296    2,151,704     36,747,775   CO
Cash value of Live Stock............. 1850,....     29,661,436   29,978,016   21,690,112   19,403,662   11,152,275    6,647,969    10,412,927   128,946,397
$645,258,155
Cash value of Farms,................. 1860,....   $291,496,955 $271,358,985 $175,824,622 $190,760,367 $204,789,662  $91,649,773  $88,101,320 $1,313,981,684'"    "  Farm. Implements,,&c.,..1860,....      7,474,573    8,465,792    7,433,178    8,826,512   18,648,225    4,175,326    6,259,452     61,2S3,058
Cash value of Live Stock............. 1860,....     61,868,237   60,211,425   43,411,711   41,891,692   24,546,940   22,096,977   42,825,447    296,852,429
$1,672,117,171
Cash value of Farms.................. 1870, $101,604,381 $311,238,916 $218,743,747  $67,739,036  $81,716,576  $68,215,421  $40,029,698  $60,149,950  $949,437,725
"    "   Farm. Implements, &c.,..1870,       2,112,937    8,572,896   * 8,199,487   3,286,924    4,456,633    7,159,333    2,237,409    3,396,793    39,422,412
Cash value of Live Stock,.............8. 70,  17,175,420   66,287,343   55,084,075   26,690,095   29,940,238   15,929,188   17,222,506   37,425,194    265,754,059
$1,254,614,196
Population of 10 years and over engaged
in Agriculture..................... 1870,      73,960      261,080      267,020      291,628      259,199      141,467      109,310      166,753      1,570,417
Average agricultural wealth of each,.. 1870,................................           $798
* The particulars for theyears 1850 and 1860 of the since separated State of "West Virginia," are included in the tables embracing the Slate of" yirginia."




COMPARATIVE AMoUNT nN                    West.
1850, 18O AND i1870.               Virginia      Kentucky.   Tennessee.   Alabama.     Mssissippi. Louisiana.     Arkansas.      Texas.      TOTAL.
Total estimated value of all farm productions, including betterments and additions to stock,.................   1S70,   $23,379,692  $87,477,374  $80,472,847  $67,522,335  $73,137,953  $52,036,622  $40,701,699  $49,185,170  $479,883,692
Wages paid during the year, including
value of board...................... 1870,  1,903,788   10,709,382    7,118,003   11,851,870   10,326,794   11,042,789    4,061,952    4,777,638    61,792,216
PRODUCTS IN DETAIL-CEREALS.
Bushels Wheat harvested..............1850,....     2,142.822    1,619,383      294,044      137,990          417      199,639       41,729     4,436,027
" " "............1860,....     7,394.809    5,459,268    1,218,444      587,925       32,208      957,601     1,478,345   17,128,600
v' "    "............1870.    2,483,543    5,72s,704    6,183,916    1,055,068      271,479        9,906      741,736      415,112    16,897,464'"    Indian Corn................. 850,....     58,672.5il   52,276,223  28,754,048   22,446,552   10,266,373    8,893,939    6,028,876   187,838,603'....................1860,....     64 043,633   52,089,926   33,225.282   29,057,682   16,853,745   17,823,588   16,500,702   229,595,528
"  k  "................1870,   8,197,165   50,091,006   41,343,614    16,977,948   15,637,316    7,596,628   13,382,145   20,554,538   173,780,360
Oats,........................ 185....      8,201.311    7,703,080    2,965,696    1,503,283       89,637      656,183      199,017    21,318,218' ".l.....................1860,....      4,617,029    2,267.814      682,179      221,235       89,377      475,263      98,839      9,338,791
"  ".......................1S70,  2,413,749    6,682,103    4,513,315      770,866      414,583       171782      523,577      762,663     16,011,641   I
"     Rye.........................1850,....       415,073        89,137       17,261        9,606         475         8,047        3,108       542,707........................1869,....      1,055,260      257,989'72,457        39,474       36,065   r   78,092      111,860     1,651,197
" "........................1870,     277,746     1,108,933     223,335       18,977       14,S52          984        27,645      28,521      1,700,993
Buckwheat,............       50,....         16,097       19,427         348         1,121           3          175            59        377230
"...............1860,....        18,923        14,481        1,347        1,699         160          509         1,349        38,473
"          ".................1870,      82,916        3,443       77,437          144         1,619         260          226           44        166,089
Barley,......................1859,....        95,343         2,737        3,958          228....           177        4,776       107,219
"......................186,....       270,685       25,144        15,135        1,875         224         8,158       67,562      383,783
"............   1870,       50,363      238,486       75,068        5,174        3,973        1,226        1,921       44,351       420,562
TOTAL CBREAL PRODUCT OF THE EIGHT STATES AND RATIO TO TOTAL POPULATION.
Product in      Ppui                        Cereals              Wheat
Eight States.                       perHead.           per Head.
1840............................   158,562,164       3,025,430                  52.                 3,
1850.............................  214,280,003       4,303,522                  49.8                1.4
1860,...........................    258,136,372       5,763,658                  44.7                 2.9
1870..........................      209,007,109       6,876,424                  30.4                 2.4




FIX)URI31   AND GmST Mr!M       PaODUCTS,          Zest
~FLOURBING GRI~ST~M^rtPRODUCTS,        We     t.I Kentucky.      Tennessee.     Alabama.     Mississippi.    Louisiana.   ArkanSas.        Texas.         TOTAL.
1850, 1860 AND 1870).                 Ji4nid.
Bushels Grain ground,................1870,         3,084,525     7,231,617     9,385,703     3,293,848      1,585,704      578,103      1,393,617     2,236,634     28,794,748
V~alue................................1870,      $3,291,356    $6,327,-31    $8,634,899    $3,935,523    $1,70S,157      $602,032     $1,380,153    $1,858,079    $27,837,953
Value of Product......................1870,        3,933,902     7,886,734    10,767,383      4,827,470     2,053,567       726,287     1,670,416     2,421,047     34,286,811
Bushels Potatoes...................      1850....      1,492,487     1,067,844       246,001       261,482         95,632       193,832        94,645      3,451,923
0.......................1860,1,756,531  1,182,003  491,646  414,320      294,655       418,010       174,182       4,731,349
".................1870,       1,053,507     2,391,062      1,124,337       162,512       214,189        67,695       422,196       208,383       5,643,881
"     Sweet Potatoes............ 1850,....         998,179     2,777,716     5,475,204     4,741,795      1,428,453      788,149      1,332,158     17,541,654
~~"  "  "t(~.86........ 1860,1,057,557   2,604,672     5,439,917     4,563,873      2,060,981     1,566,540     1,846,612     19,140,15s.............1870,          46,984        802,114     1,205,683     1,371,360     1,743,432      1,023,706      890,631      2,188,041      9,771,931
Hhds. Cane Sugar......................1850,....            284           248         8,242           388        226,001....7,351                  212,514
".....................1860,........2                         175            506       221,726....          5,099        227,508.......,       1870,.......            1,410             1            40         80,700           92          2,020         84,302
Maple      "................... 1850,....        437,405       158,557           643....            255          9,330...          606,199...........................1860,  381,941  115,623  228           99....3,077....         499,965     t>
".....................1870,        490,606       269,416       134,968....            125....          1,185....         896,300
Galls. Cane Molasses................. 1850,....         30,079         7,223        83,428        18,318     10,9.31,177           18       441,918     11,512,161,              "................1860,........          2,830        85,115        10,016     13,439,772....        408,358     13,946,091,       "       "...............1870,........          3,629       166,009       152,164      4,585,150        72,008       246,062      5,225,022
Maple     "................1850,
44  4'860.t..-.                                      140,076        74,372................214,572
Sorghum............... 1850,.................................3                                                                   3....4...                       7          5     
4    "   u356,705                                                                              5                 7...........  115,604      112.,412     1,348,464
4*4................ 1870,      780,829     1,740,453     1,254,701       267,269         67,509           180       147,203       174,509       4,432,658
Orchard products.................... 1850,....      $106,230        $52,894       $15,408       $50,405       $22,359       $40,141       $12,505        $299,942
4"................  1....        604,849       305,003       223,312       254,718       114,339         56,025        48,047      1,606,293
"".....................1870,     848,773      1,231,385       571,520        37,590        71,018       142,129        157,219        69,172      3,128,06
Galls. Domestic Wine.................. 1850,....          8,093            92           220           407             15            35            99961,'*              "................1860,....         179,948        13,566        18,267         7.262         2,912          1,004        14,199        237158...~...~......18570,  093         6'02,360     15,778         ~,15683,055578                            8,734          6,216         02970




COMPARATIVE      AMOUNTS In                    West
1850, 1860 AND 1870.'Virginia.
1850, 1860 AND 1870                     rirgi&ia.     Kentucky.      Tennessee.   Alabama.      Mississippi. Louisiana.     Arkansas.        Texas.        TOTAL,
Market Garden products.............. 1850,....       $303,120       $97,183       $84,821       $46,250      $148,329        $17,150       $12,354       $709,207..............1860,....        458,245       303,226       163,062        124.2819      413,169        37,845       178,374      1,678,202.............. 1870,      69,974       527,329       301,093       139,636         61,735       176,969        55,697        74,924       1,407,357
Bush. Peas and Beans,................1850,....        202,574       369,321        892,701     1,072,757       161,732       285,738        179,350      3,164,173................1860,....        288,346       547,803      1,482,036     1,954,666       431,148       440,472       341,961       5,486,432
t "  "................1870,      31,449       119,926       194,535       156,574       176,417         26,888        47,376        42,654        795,819
Tons Hay,.............................1850,....        113.747        74,091        32,685        12,504         25,752         3,976         8,354        271,109
" "............................1860,....        158,476       143,499        62,211         32,901        52,721         9,356        11,865        471,029............................1870,         224,164       204,399        116,582        10,613         8,324         8,776         6,839         18,982        598,679
Bushels Clover, Flax and Grass Seeds,.1850,....        100,512        33,118           754            643            99           847            36         136,009.... "'                    k 4      1860,....          93,744        60,047           942         1,095           701          3,808         5,813        166,150'       "          "          "       1870,        10,200         53,104        24,329           218            90             1           289           506          88,737
ANIMALS.
Horses,................................1850,                       315,682       270,636       128,001       115,460         89,514        60,197        76,760      1,056,250................................1860,...         355,704       290,882       127,063        117,571        78,703       140,198       825,698       1,435,819
"................................1870,         90,479       317,034       247,254        80,770        90,221        59,738         92,013       424,504      1,402,283
Working Oxen,.......................1850,....          62,274        86,255        66,961        83,485         54,968        34,239        51,285        439467........................1S60,....        108,999       102,153        88,316       105,603         60,353        78,707       172,492        716,633......................1876,               18,937        69,719        63,970         59,176        58,146        32,596        35,387       132,407        370,338
Other Cattle,..........................1850,....        442,763       414,051       433,263       436,254        414,798       165,320        61,018      2,367,467?
"...........................1860,          457,845       413,060       454,543        416,660       326,787       318,089     2,761,736       5,148,720...........................1870,      178,309        382,993       336,529       257,347       269,030       200,589        193,5S9     2,933,588      4,751,974
Milch Cows,.......................... 1850,....        247,475       250,456       227,791       214,231        105,576        93,151       217,811       1,356,491'..........................1860,....        269,215       249,514       230,537        207,646       129,662       171,003       601,540       1,859,117..........................1870,       104,434       217,615       243,197       170,640       173,899       102,G76        128,959       428,043      1,598,868
Sheep,................................1850,....      1,102,091       811,591       371,80        304,929        110,333        91,256       100,530      2,892610
"................................1860,....         938,990       773,317       370,156       352,632        181,253       202,753       753,363       3,572,464
"................................1870,        552,327       936,765       826,783       241,934       232,732        118,602       161,077       714,351      3,784,571




185U, 1860 A    UND  1870.               Wsinia.   Kentucky.     Tennessee.    Alabama.     Mississipi. Louisiana. Arkansas.              eas.       TOTAL.
Hogs....................... 1850,....      2,891,163    3,104,800     1,904,540    1,582,734       597,301      836,727       692,022     11,609,287
"................................1860,....      2,330,595     2,347,321     1,747,321    1,532,768      634,525     1,171,630     1,371,532     11,135,692...............................1870,        268,031     1,838,227     1,828,690      719,757       814,381      338,326       841,129     1,202,445     7,850,986
Value of Animals slaughtered or sold for
slaughter, SS50,....     $6,462,598    $6,401,765   $4,823,485    $3,636,582   $1,453,990    $1,163,313   $1,116,137    $25,062,870,, "                 "       "      1860,....     11,640,738    12,430,768   10,237,131     7,809,153     2,095,330    3,878,990     5,143,6353    53,235,745,          "         "        l"    1870,   $4,914,792    24,121,861    15,856,880    4,670,146     4,090,818      817,831     3,843,923     4,835,284    63,151,535
Value of Leather tanned...............1870,       527,016     1,009,906      921,497       239,386      129,407        27,250       42,528        60,524      2,957,514
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Lbs. Butter,......................... 1850,.....      9,947,523    8,139,585     4,008,811    4,346,234       683,069     1,854,239    2,344,900     31,324,361
"..........................1860,....     11,716,609    10,017,787    6,028,478     5,006,610    1,444,742     4,067,556     5,850,583    44;132,365
"...........................1870,     5,044,475    11,874,978    9,571,069     3,213,753    2,613,521       322,405     2,753,931    3,712,747     39,106,879
"   per cow,..................1870,           48            47            39           18            15            3            21            8             24
"  Cheese.........................1850,....        213,954       177,681       31,412        21,191         1,957       30,088        95,299        571,582
"..........................1860,....        190,400       135,575       15,923         4,427        6,153        16,810       275,128       644,416
"  "......................1870,        32,429       115,219       142,240        2,732         3,099       11,747         2,119        34,342       343,927
" Butterand Cheese,................1850,....      10,161,477    8,317,266     4,040,223    4,367,425       685,026     1,884,327    2,440,199     31,895,943
"  "      "................1860,....     11,907,009    10,153,362    6,044,401     5,011,037     1,450,895    4,084,366     6,125,711     44,776,781...."   "...............1870,  5,076,904   1!,990,197     9,713,309    3,216,485     2,616,620      334,152     2,756,050     3,747,089    39,450,806
" Butter and Cheese per cow from Dairies................................1870,            48           48            39           18            15             3           21             8            24
Lbs. Factory Cheese,.................. 1870,....        246,000....................          246,000
"      "    per cow,................ 1870,..................................
Galls. Milk sold,..................... 1870,      144,895     1,345,779      415,786       104,657       17,052       833,928       31,350        62,771      2,956,218
Lbs. Honey and Bees Wax,...........1850,....       1,158,019    1,036,572      897,021       397,460        96,701      192,338       380,825      4,158,936
-       " "  "   "    "...........1860,....       1,837,031    1,618,282      148,220       750,840       276,451      857,276       622,396      6,110,496
"     "    *    "...............1870,  386,914    1,204,057     1,091,235      343,441       208,971       40,009       289,613       288,424     3,852,664




COMI'ARATIY     AxOUN'I    n4                 West
1850,A180R  E Aw     x1870.                Wirstn.    Kentucky.      Tennessee.    Alabama.      Mississipli. Louisiana. Arkansas.            Texas.        TOTAL.
Lbs. Hops,....185,....          4,309         1,032           276           473            125           157                         6,379
"  "............................1860,....          5,899         1,581           507           248            27            146           1238,531
"............................1870,          1,031           947           565           382........              25            512,651
"Tobacco10......................... 18555,501,196                          20,148,932       164,990        49,9.60        26,878       218,936        66,897     76,177,789.......................1860,....    108,126,840    43,448,097       232,914        159,141        39,940       989,980        97,914     153,094,826........................ 1870,     2,046,452   105,305,869     21,465,452       152,742        61,012        15,541       594,886        59,706     129,701,660
"  Rice............................1850,....          5,688       258,854      2.312,252     2,719,856     4,425,349        63,179        88,203       9,873,381
"............................1860,........          40,372       493,465       809,082     6,331,257        16,831        26,031       7,717,038.10 ".........3...................1870,....           3,399       222,945       374,627     15,854,012        73,021        63,844     16,591,848
Cotton, bales, 400 lbs. each......... 1850,...            758       194,532        564,429       484,292       178,737        65,344        M8$ 72       1,546,164
"  "...........1860,.....                     296,464       989,955      1,202,507       777,738       367,393       431,46.3      4,065,520
"  "     "      "...........1870,             2          1,080       181,842       429,482       564,938       350,832       247,968        350,623      2,126,767
Lbs. Wool,............................1850,....      2,297,433      1,364,378       657,118       559,619       109,897       182,595       131,917       5,302,957
"............................1860,....       2,329,105     1,405,236       775,117        665,959       290,847       410,3S2     1,493,738       7,370,384
"     "............................1870,      1,593,541     2,284,450      1,389,762       381,253       288,285       140,428       214,784     1,251,328       7,493,831'>
Fllax,............................1850,....        2,100,116      368,131          3,921           665....         12,291         1,048       2,486,172
"............................1860,....        723,234       164,294           111             50....          3,S21           115        896,625
"............................1870,         82,276       237,268        80,930            37           100....             420            25        401,056
Tons Hemp,..................:.... 1850....         17,787           595....               7....15....           18,404............................1860,....          39,409         2,243........              1            447           179         42,279
"  "..........................1870,             37         7,777          1,033....3........5                                   8,855
Silk Cocoons,.........................1850,....          1,2S1          1,923          167              2            29....22                        3,424..........................1860,....            340            71           815             10....5                          27            768
"      "..;.................     870,.... 1870,45                  153....             81              1....             230
Forest Products.......................1870,  $363,668  $574,994    $335,317       $85,933        $39,975       $92,596       $34,225       $66,81      $1,593,549
Value of Sawed Lumber, Shingles and
Staves...............................1870,       1,478,399     3,662,086      3,390,687     1,359,083     2,160,667     1,212,037     1,344,403      1,960,851     16,568,213
PRODUCT OF MANUFACTURES of all kinds,
1859,....     21,710,212      9,725,608     4,528,876     2,912,068     6,779,417       537,908      1,168,538     47,362,627......~  "            1860,...      37,931,2.10   17,987,225    10,588,566      6,590,687    15,587,473     2,880,573     6,577,202     9S,142,971
*"        "           "    "1870,     241l02,201     54,625,809    34,362,636    13,040,644     8,154,758     24,161,905     4,629,234    11,517,302    174,594.489




STATES AND TERRITORIES ON THE PACIFIC AND IN THE INTERIOR WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
STATES.                                            TERRITORIES.
COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS IN.- ----, —-_
1850, 1860 AND 1870.                California.      Nevada.       Oregon.      Washington.    Idaho.        Utah.     New-Mexico. Arizona.         TOTAL.
Population...........................1850,         92,597....         13,294........         11,380       61,547....         188,818
".1.......................      860,      839,994         6,857        52,465       11,594....         40,273        93,516....         584,699
-~"..............1870,       660,247        42,491       90,923        23,955        14,999       86,786        91,874        9,658        920,933
LAiD xN FARMS.
Acres improved,......................1850,        32,454....        132,857....         16,333      166,201....         347,845,,,.....................1860,     2,468,034       14,132       896,414       81,869....          77,219      149,274....        3,686,942
"......................   0,     6,218,133       92,644     1,116,290      192,016        26,603      118,755       143,007        14,585     7,922,033
"    unimproved,...................1850,      3,861,531....        299,951........          30,516      124,370....       4,316,368
"...................1860,  6,262,000       41,986     1,164,125      284,287....         12,692     1,25,635....        9,030,725
"................1870,      5,208,972      115,866     1,272,962      457,123         0,536       29,606       690542          7,222      7,832,829
Area of State in acres................. 1870,  122,707,840  68,640,000    59,975,360    44,796,160   55,228,160    54,064,640    77,568,640   72,906,240    555,887,040    3
Cash value of Farms.................. S50,    $3,874,041....     $2,849,170........       $311,799    $1,653,922....      $8,679,932
"   Farm. Implements, &c.,..1850,          103,483....        183,423........         84,288       77,960....         449,154
"   of Live Stock.............1850,     3,351,058....      1,876,189.......         546,968     1,494,629....       7,268,844
$16,397,930
Cash value of Farms,..                1860,   $48,726,804     $302,340   $15,200,593   $2,217,842....     $1,333,355   $2,707,886....     $70,488,320
"  Farm. Implements, &c.,..1860,       2,558,506        11,081      952,313       190,402....        242,889       192,917....       4,148,126
"     "   of Live Stock.............1860,    35,585,017      177,638     5,946,255     1,099,911....       1,516,707    4,499,746....       48,825,274
$123,461,720
Cash value of Farms................. 1870, $141,240,028     $1,485,505   $22,352,989   $3,978,341      $492,860    $2,297,922   $2,260,139     $161,340   $174,269,134
F Parm. Implements, &c.,..1870,          5,316,690      163,718     1,293,717       280,551       59,295       291,390      121,114        20,105      7,546,580
"    "   of Live Stock.............. 1870,    37,964,752    1,445,449     6,828,675    2,103,343       520,580     2,149,814    2,389,157       143,996     53,545,766
$235,361,470
Population of 10 years and over engaged
in Agriculture,.....................1870,        47,863         2,070        13,248        3,771         1,462        10,428       18,668         1,285         98,795
Average agricultural wealth of each,.. 1870,.....;........................         $2,382




STATES.                                              r.ERRITORIES.
COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS I,-.. I                       I -— % —--                              -_
1850,1860 AND 1870.                California.      Nevada.      Oregon.     Washington.      Idaho.        Utah.     New-Mexico.      Arizona.      TOTA1.
Total estimated value of all farm productions, including betterments and additions to stock,......................1870,  $49,856,024    $1,659,713    $7,122,790    $2,111,902      $637,797    $1,973,142    $1,905,060     $277,998     $65,544,426
Wages paid during the year, including
value of board....................... 1870,   10,369,247      438,350       719,875       215,522       153,007       133,695       523,888       104,620     12,658,204
PRODUCTS IN DETAIL-CEREALS.
Bushels Wheat harvested............. 1850,          17,328....        211,943........        107,702       196,516....         533,489
"           "        "............1860,     5,928,470         3,631       826,776        86,219...         384,892       434,309....        7,664,297
"           "        "............1870,    16,672,702       228,866     2,340,746       217,043        75,650       558,473       352,822        27,052     20,473,354
"     Indian Corn................1850,          12,236....         20,918........          9,899       365,411....          408,464
"  "................1860,  510,708          460        76,122         4,712....          90,482       709,304....        1,391,788
"   "   "................1870,      1,221,222        9,660        72,138        21,781         5,750        99,557       640,823        32,041      2,102,972
"     Oats........................1850,........         61,214....          10,900            5....           72,119."........................1860,     1,043,006         1,082       885,673       134,334....         63,211         7,246....        2,134,552    co
"........................1870,     1,757,507        55,916     2,029,909       255,169       100,119        65,650        67,660           25       4,331,955    0
R" ye,........................1850,....                          106........            210........             316
"..........................1860,     52,140           98         2,704           144....            754         1,300....          57,140
".......................1870,          26,275          310         3,890         4,453         1,756         1,312            42....          38,038
"     Buckwheat,.1850,.................1850,.............                     332           100....             432
"...............1860,         76,857....          2,749           707....             68             6....           80,387
".................1870,    21,928           985         1,645           316....            178            10....           25,062
"     Barley,....................1850,        9,712.i..............          1,799             6....          11,516
"....................... 1860,  4,415,426       1,597        26,254         4,621....          9,976         6,099....       4i463,973
"......................1870,     8,783,490       295,452       210,736        55,787        72,316        49,117         3,876        55,077      9,525,851
TOTAL C=REAL PRODUCT OP THE EIGHT STATES AND TERRITORIES AND RATIO TO TOTAL POPULATION.
Product in Eight         p    ai                     Cereals               Wheat
States and Territories.    Poulatiwn                   perHead.            per Head.
1850,...........................         1,026,336         188,818                     5.9                  2.9
1860...........................       15,792,137          584,699                    23.                  12.1
1870.............................     36,497,232          920,933                    39.6                 22.2




STATES.                                              TERRITOBrIs.
FLOURING AND GRIST MILL PRODUCTS                             ST-TS —-                   -T-RR-                                  --- s
IN 1850, 1860 AD) 1870.                 California.    Nevada.       Oregon.   Washington.        Idaho.       Utah.     New-Mexico.     Arizona.      TOTAL.
Bushels Grain ground,................1870,       8,127,131       73,550     1,849,623      287,957        81,200       517,288      358,810        28,000     11,326,559
Value,................................1870,     $7,090,541      $80,100    $1,274,286     $214,038      $162,5C0      $5S2,q.55    $437,131       $48,100     $9,889,651
Value of Product,...................... 1870,    9,036,386       97,920     1,972,444      321,103       211,010       782,846       725,292       75,000     13,222,001
Bushels Potatoes...................1850,            9,292....         91,326........         43,968             3....         144,589
44....................1860,    1,789,463        5,686       303,319      163,594....        141,001        5,223....        2,408,2S6
"  "..................1870,      2,049,227      129,249       481,710      280,719        64,534       323,645        3,102           575      3,332,761
"    Sweet Potatoes,,............ 1850,         1,000................             60........                    1,060''.............1860,      214,307           200          335            18......       1       80....         215,040
"   "                       ~.............1870,  202,035....        1,970          425                        163                          16        204,609
Lbs. Cane Sugar,..................... 1850,...........................
11    ~ 11                           1870o
Gls"   "    " M   e.....................1860,................................
"    ".....................1850,..........................1
StlMaple" C.....................1850,....................................'................1860,...........
Ga ls.                               186e           55....            1...,918,
4 6  G &  44..............e.e..18609.... e....
Maple                           1................33........         24....                      67458          4,236....           4,318
Ocards ro M     ts         s...............1850,....            7............      40        $........46
St.10          7....        4    7,                                      2          10,.......30.80                                    1348             $97Sorghum16                              $7................ 1850 
me     "t................1850,          55....315............           58,36....,292
41      11      44................1870.          333         3,651....            612...         67,446         1,?65                      73,807
Orchard products.....................            $17,700....         $1,271....                                    $27,202:"  ".....................1860,      754,236                     478,479      $20,619....         $9,281       19,651...         1,282,266
11  "....................1870,    1,384,480         $900       810,041'71,863         $2          43,938        13,609....       1,825,556
Galls. Domestic Wine,.................1850,         58,055....................60,418.................1860,             246,518....          2,603           179                         60         8,260....         257,620
"  "................1870,     1,814,656           711         1,751          235....          3,131        19,686....       1,840,170




COMPARATIVE AM. uN~s IN    ____    STATES.                                     TERRITORIES.
COXPABATIVE AouNTs n             If —-                               e-....
1850, 1860 AND 1870.            California.  Nevada.     Oregon.  Washington.    Idaho.      Utah. New-Mexico.    Arizona.    TOTAL.
Market garden products................ 1850,  $75,275....     $90,241........      $23,868     $6,679...       $196,063.............1860,              1,161,855    $2,225      75,605    $24,399....       9,830      17,664....     1,291,578
"~...............1870,            1,059,779    31,235     105,371     74,462     $24,577      8,700      64,132     $2,850    1,371,106
Bushels Peas and Beans..............1850,  2,292....        6,566....               289      15,688....        24,835
~"  ~................1860,  165,574       15      34,407      10,850....       2,535      38,514....      251,895.............,    380,010        414      12,575     15,790        610       9,291      28,856     3,417      450,963
Tons Hay,.............................1850,  2,038....        373........        4,805........7,216
".............................1860, 305,655      2,213     27,986      4,580....       19,235      1,113....       360,782
"  ".............................1870,  551,773  33,855      75,357     30,233       6,985     27,305       4,209       109      729,826
Bushels Clover, Flax and Grass Seeds, 1850,.....,..26.......           7........33
tl" ~ "  "    "    ~   1860,       376....        5,322        348....185.......         6,231
"    "       "      "        1870,     15,623         71      12,208      1,566         14           5.......29,487
AIMALS.'
Horses,................................1850,  21,719....        8,046........   2,429       5,079....       37,273 
"..................1~.....1....860,    160,610       541      36,772       4,772....        4,565     10,066....       217,326."...........;..............1870,     192,373      7,520      51,702     11,138      2,151      11,068      5,033        335      281,220
Working Oxen,-.......             1850,      4,780...        8,114........       5,266      12,257....       30,417..........................1860,     26,004       620       7,469       2,571....        9,168     25,266....        71,098.........................1870,      5,944       2,443       2,441      2,181        522       3,479      19,774       587       37,371
Other Cattle.......................... 1850, 253,599....       24,188........       2,49       10,085....      290,361............................1860,    948,731      3,904      93,492     16,228....       12,959     29,094....     1,104,408
9L   ~i
"  "..........................1870,  461,361    22,899      69,431     28,135      5,763      18,138     21,343      3,607      630,677
Milch Cows......................,       4280.... 50, 4,09,427           4....             4,861      10,635....       29,203
t....~.........................1860,   205,407       947       53,170      9,660....       11,967      31,369....       815,520...............................1870,  164,093      6,174     48,325      16,938      4,171      17,563     16,417       938       274,619
Sheep................................. 1850,  17,574....       15,382........       3,262     377,271....      413,489
I                                                                                     87,332    830,116     ~~~~~~~~~~....  2,05o0o..................................1860,  1,088,002   376      86,052     10,157....       87,332     830,116....     2,052,035...................1870,     2,768,187     11,018     318,123     44,063      1,021      59,672     619,438       803    3,822,325




STATES.                                      T   ITOIS.
COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS IN                             -"' —' —-------
1850, 1860 AND 1870.            California.    Nevada.      Oregon. Washington.     Idaho.      Utah.    New-Mexico. Arizona.     ToTA.
Hogs................................. 1850,   2,776....        30,235....                      914       7,314....        41,239
".................................1860,  456,396     3,571      81,615       6,883....        6,707      10,313....      6565.485
".................................1870,  444,617    8,295     119,455      17,491       2,316       8,150      11,267       720       602,311
Value of Animals slaughtered or sold for
slaughter, 1850,  $107,173....     $164,530.......    $67,935     $82,125....      $421,813
"                        "    1860,    3,449,823     $9,385     648,465     $80,909........      244,862    $347,105    4,780,549
6              6      C.   16,      34.9,2           W       6845        $099.....      17,8272,65               940      8,337
" t'*  1870,    6,112,503    104,471    1,365,737    292,280    $57,932      172,382     224,765      9,400    8,339,470
"    of Leather tanned............. 1870,  751,046....       73,555      24,465....       49,964........       899,030
DAIRY STOCK AND PRODUCTS.
Lbs. Butter,........................... 1850,   705....       211,464.... 3....,309           111....       295,589..........................1860,  3,095,035       7,700   1,000,157    153,092....      316,046      13,259....     4,585.289...........1870,                     7,969,744    110,880    1,418,373    407,306     111,480     310,335     12,912        800    10,341,830
"  "  per cow,.................1870,        48          17         29          24          26          17........37
" Cheese..........................1850,       150....       36,980........       30,998       5,843....       73,976 ~
".........................1860,  1,343,689....       105,379     12,146....       53,331      37,240....      1,551,785  co..........................1870,     3,395,074....        79,33      17,465       4,464      69,603      27,239     14,500     3,607,678
" Butter and Cheese,...............1850,      855....       248,444....      114,307       5,959....      369,565....................1860,  4,438,724      7,700    1,105,536    165,238....      369,377      50,499....     6,137,074
*  " C        t...............1870,  11,364,818  110,880    1,497,706    424,771     115,944     379,938      40,151     15,300   13,949,508
t"    "    "    "   per Cow from Dairies,................................. 1870,   69          17          30          25          27         21           2          16           50
Lbs. Factory Cheese,..................1870,........       49,000....................        49,000
"     "      "   per Cow,.........1870,....                        I....1..........1
Gallons Milk sold...................... 1870,  3,693,021  63,850     107,367      21,060      11,250     11,240         813      4,800     3,913,401
Lbs. Honey and Bees Wax................                      10           2                      1....12
"   "  "     "............1860,    12,860....        1,000       5,820................        19,680
"  "          "            1...........1870,  299,229  363    68,065      26,265....          588........      394,510
Hops,...........................1850,........           8........                  50.......        58
"...........................,         80....          493          44....545........         1,162
"  "............................1870,  625,064....        9,745       6,162          21         322........       641,314




STATES.                                            TERRITORIES.
COMPARATIVE AMOUNTS IN............
1850,'1860 AND) 1870.                California.     Nevada.      Oregon.      Washington.      Idaho.       Utah.      New-M'exico. Arizona.       TOTAL.
Lbs. Tobacco,.........................1850,          1,000....           325........             70         8,467....          9,862.........................1860,            3,150....            405            10........          7,044....         10,609.........................1870,       63,809           25         3,847         1,682........          8,587          10          78,050, Rice.1,..........................................................1860,        2,140....                                                                           2.....140
".                              1870,............................
Cotton, bales, 400 lbs. each...... 1850,.......................
tl;  "   "   tl  "......1860,................::::          "~~~     ~~~~~~~~~136'19...          "155
1870, 134                         106............             22......              162
"Wool............................1850,             5,520....         29,686........          9,222        32,901....7 329............................1860,    2,683,109.         330      219,012        19,819...          74,765       492,645....       389680............................1876,   11,391,743       27,029     1,080,638      162,713         3,415      109,018       684,930         679      13,460,165
"  Flax.1850,.......            640....180....            550........          1190     c..................................           162........          4,343........          4505S..........1870, 31,740....         40,474........             10........          72,224
Tons Hemp.180............................1850,..... 
I   1...........................1870", 20............                         "".Silk.Cocoons.1........... 180,..............
"t      "      "      "'......................... 18..
~~~~8                      0             4      16.................... 58
"Wo..........................1870,         3,5872....         2,8........                        9,2           2   91...'.[           ~, ^8~
Foiest products....................... 1870,     $566,017       $0,700      $259,220       $19,705...                        $500....       $882,942
Value of Sawed Lumber, Shingles and
Staves,..............................1870,     5,227,064       432,500     1,014,211    1,307,585      $56,850       661,431       121,225     $10,000      8,830,866
PRODUCT OP MANUFACTURES of all kinds,
1850,    12,862,522....      2,236,640........        291,220       249,910....      15,640292
"    1860,   68,253,28....      2,976,761     1,406,921....        900,153     1,249,123....      74,786186
"    1870,   66594,556     15,870,539     6,877,387    2,851,05..1047,624  2,343,019  1,489,868      185,410    97,259,455




TERRITORIES EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
[A portion of Colorado is woest and a portion of New-Mexico is east of the Rocky Mountains.]
BY CENSUS OF 1870,                                Colorado..Dakota.              Wyoming.            Montana.                TOTAL.
Population........................................... 1870,       89,864....        14,181....        9,118....        20,595....         3,758
LAND IN FARMS.
Acres improved............................................1870,          95,594....        42,645....          338...       84,674....       223,251
" unimproved.........................................1870,            224,752....      259,731....         4,003....       54,863....        543,349
Area of Territory, acres,...................................1870,    66,880,000....    96,596,480'..    66,832,320....    92,016,640....   322,325,440
Cash Value of Farms.......................................1870,      $3,385,748....   $2,085,265....      $18,187....     $729,193....    $6,218,393
"    Farming Implements and Machinery........1870,            2T2,601....       142,612....        5,723....       145,438....       566,377
"      "     Live Stock,...................................1870,  2,871,102....    779,952....      441,795....     1,818,693....     5,911,542
$12,696,312
Population of 10 years and over engaged in agriculture.....1870,          6,462....        2,522....          165..        2,111....        11,260    C
Average wealth of each.................................... 1870,...............................              $1,127
Total yearly value of all farm products, including betterments
and increase of stock.....................................1870,    $2,335,106....     $495,657....      $42,760....   $1,676,660....     $4,550,183
Wages paid during the year, including value of board..... 1870,        416,236....       71,156....         3,015....      325,213....       815,680
PRODUCTS IN DETAIL-Q(EREALS.
Bushels Wheat harvested.................................. 1870,         258,474....       170,662............            181,184....       610,320
"    Indian Corn........................................1870,        231,903....       1:33,140.........          320....       365,363
"    Oats,...............................................1870,       332,940....       114,327....          100....      149,367....       596,734
Rye,................................... 1870,         5,235................            1,141....          6,376
"    Buckwheat........................................1870,             178....          179............          988....         1,345
Barley.............................................1870,         35,141...         4,118........            85,756....        125,015
TOTAL CEREAL PRODUCT OF THE FOUR TERRITORIES AND RATIO TO TOTAL POPULATION.
Product in                                           Cereals                 Wheat
the Four Territories.         Popuaon.per Head.                                 per Head,
180,...................       1,705,153                  83,758                    20.3                    7.3




BY CIENsus op 1870.                             (Colorado.             Dakota.              Wyoming.             Montana.             TOTAL.
FLOUR AND GRIST MILL PRODUCTS.
Bushels Grain ground.......................................1870,         344,787....       75,000...........      200,630....      620,417
Value,.......................................................1870,      $439,706....     $60,680............     $366,070....     $S66,456
Value of Products............................................ 1870,       616,856....       80,990........                480,859....    1,178,705
Bushels Irish Potatoes,.....................................1870,        121,442....        50,177....          617....        91,477....      264,713
"    Sweet Potatoes,.................. 1870,                               60..........................            60
Lbs. Cane Sugar.............................................1870,......................................
"  Maple    "............................ 1870,...............................
Galls. Cane Molasses,......... 1..............................1S70,............................
"    Maple     "....................................... 1870........
"    Sorghum"........................................1870,............                        1,230
Sorghum   "..                                 1870,........          20....................        1,230
Orchard Products...........................................1870,             $9..........................               $9
Galls. Domestic Wine,.............. 1870,                                                                                                                           67    co
Market Garden Products,..................................  1S70,   $55,020..          $500............     $35,130....      $90,650 
Bushels Peas and Beans,.........................1870,                       7,500....         456                     4....            2,414....       10,374
Tons Hay,................................................1870,            19,787....        13,347....'3,180....        18,727....       55,041
Bu.chels Clover, Flax and Grass Seeds,......................1870,........................           31....           31
AA     LS.
Horses...................................................... 1870,         6,446....        2,514.584....         5,289....       14,833
Working Oxen,....1870,                                       5,566....        2,125....          922....         1,761....       10,.374
Other Cattle,.....................................      1870,       40,153....         6,191....        9,501....        22,545....       78,390
DAmY STOCK AND PRODUCTS.
3Milch Cows..................................................1870,        25017....        4,151....          707....       12,432....       42,307
Sheep........................................................1870,       120,928....        1,901....         6,409....        2,024....      131,262
ogs,...                                     1870,       5,509....         2,033....          146..2. 2,599....       10,287
Value of Animals slaughtered, or sold for slaughter,.......... 1870,     $252,391....     $22,066....      $11,712....     $169,092....     $455,264
Value of Leather Tanned,...................................... 18....




BY CENSUS OF 1870.                               Colorado.              Dakota.           JVyomtng.             Montana.             TOTAL.
DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Lbs. Butter,..................................................1870,      392,920....      209,735....        1,200....      408,080....    1,011,935
"  Cheese,................................................1870,         33,626....        1,850............   25,603....       61,079
"  Butter and Cheese,................................... 1870,     426,546....      211,585.1,200                        433,68....     1,073,014
"Butter and Cheese, per Cow, from Dairies,............. 1870,         17....          51....           1....          34....           25
"  Factory Cheese.....................................1870,.          4,000..................        4,000
"    per Cow............................... 1870,
Galls. Milk sold.............................................1870,       19,520........                 4,980....      105,186....       129,686
Lbs. Honey and Beeswax,.......................                1870,........          116..................           116
t Hops,...................................................1870,................
"Tobacco,.........................................1870,        890....................              600....        1,490
"  Rice....................................................1870,..............
"  Cotton,................................................1870,....................
Wool,..................................................1870,         204,925....        8,810....       30,000....         100....      243,835
"  Flax,...................................................1870,............
Tons Hemp...1870,....
Tons Hemp,..................................................1870,................................
Lbs. Silk Cocoons,........1870,..................................
Forest Products.............................................1870,........        $700....                             $918....      $1,618
Value of Sawed Lumber, Shingles and Staves...............1870,        $324,370....     $72,280....    $268,000....     $130,957....   $1,095,607
PRODUCTS OF MANUFACTURES of all kinds,................. 1870,         2,852,820....      178,570....      765,424.....   2,494,511....     6,291,325
The Census of the United States does not state the products of Alaska, nor of the "Indian Territory," a fertile region of 68,991 square miles, (or 44,154,940
acres,) lying west of Arkansas.
The " DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA," formerly 10 miles square, (or 64,000 acres,) now reduced to 43,712 acres, produced, in 1870, with a population of 131,700,
cereal products, 44,043 bushels; hay, 4,495 tons; garden products, value, $112,034; value of farms, including utensils and live stock, $3,954,956; value of products of all manufactures, $9,292,172.
It will be seen, that the preceding tables, which are topographically re-arranged from the Census by the proximity of the States and Territories to navigable
waters, seek only to embrace the agricultural products and the lands used for agriculture in the different portions of the United States. The statistics of the
products of manufactures are given in general terms at the foot of each grand division, only for the purpose of showing domestic equivalents to that extent,
exchangeable for the products of agriculture, and of thereby exhibiting these immense elements of the inter-State commerce of the United States.




38
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS BY GROUPS OF STATES AND TERRITORIES.
30th June, 1840.      1850.         1860.       1870.
I. NORTH EASTERN.-Six New-England States.
Area, 43,742,720 acres.
Acres improved, 11,997,540.
Population.........................    2,234,822     2,728,116     3,135,283    3,487,924
Cash Value of Farms, (including
farming utensils and machinery
and live stock,)......................     $435,154,525  $561,467,417  $707,942,439
Bushels of Cereals, viz., Wheat,
Rye, Indian Corn, Oats, Barley
and Buckwheat,.................     20,107,129    22,069,147    24,758,165    20,485,924
Wheat, (included in Cereals,)......    2,014,120     1,090,894     1,083,193     1,000,193
Tons of Hay......................      3,083,752     3,463,652     3,869,200    3,936,560
Lbs.Butter and Cheese from dairies,    64,603,464    71,043,784    73,106,515   60,853,726
Cheese from factories.........................       5,124,595
Value of Animals slaughtered or
sold for slaughter..................     $10,401,658   $15,987,239  $22,962,001
Products of all manufactures,....     283,372,747   468,599,287  1,009,116,732
II. MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES.-NewYork to Delaware, inclusive.
Area, 66,201,600 acres.
Acres improved, 29,817,760.
Population,........................    4,604,345     5,990,267     7,570,201    8,935,821
Cash Value of Farms, (including as
above,).............................  $1,270,886,656 $1,928,653,403 $3,028,551,710
Bushels of Cereals..................  122,801,227  152,484,764   182,487,709   195,703,985
Wheat, (included in Cereals,)......   26,588,863    30,572,890    24,399,429   35,048,339
Tons of Hay........................    4,796,034     6,037,876     6,355,905    9,026,289
Lbs. Butter and Cheese from dairies,   90,751,036   182,802,420   225,141,336  201,373,873
Cheese from factories,..........................      80,093,622
Value of Animals slaughtered, &c.,....     $24,865,048   $33,934,130   $64,618,188
Products of all manufactures,..........      487,142,711   755,191,133  168,348,109
III. CENTRAL INTERIOR.-Ten States
north of Ohio Ri ver, (Ohio to Kan.
sas and Nebraska, inclusive.)
Area, 384,510,080 acres.
Acres improved, 78,366,864.
Population.........................    3,351,542     6,403,595     9,091,879   12,966,930
Cash Value of Farms, (including as
above,)..............................    $914,627,424 $2,523,255,738 $5,132,815,399
Bushels of Cereals,................  166,204,291   311,652,066   577,255,715  812,151,925
Wheat, (included in Cereals,)......   27,517,732    43,842,038   95,004,185   195,768,918
Tons of Hay.......................     1,593,777     3,336,319     7,059,190    12,439,892
Lbs.Butter and Cheese from dairies,    20,830,488   105,110,250   181,307,799  223,366,845
Cheese from factories,.........................      23,903,742
Value of Animals slaughtered, &c.,....     $25,419,079  $62,722,801  $208,586,441
Products of all manufactures...........     146,348,545   346,675,290  1,072,933,358




39
30th June, 1840.      1850.        1860.         1870.
IV. SOUTHEASTERN.-Atlantic States,
(.llaryland to Florida, inclusive.)
Area, 158,071,520 acres.
Acres improved, 26,916,356.
Population........................      3,803,502     4,535,871     5,177,407     5,154,881
Cash Value of Farms, (including as
above,).............................  $6S3,126,567 $1,168,833,983  $749,022,625
Bushels of Cereals.................   147,670,261   166,313,045   180,454,033   111,307.101
Wheat, (included in Cereals.)......    18,186,950    19,99)3,236   27,811,515    18,963,776
Tons of Hay,.....................        615,549       719,591       963,755        527,742
Lbs. Butter and Cheese from dairies,    22,910,274    27,641,865    32,854,787    22,402,. 19
Cheese from factories,.................                                       61,300
Value of Animals slaughtered, &c.,....     $25,982,736    $42,902,013   $54,164,957
Cotton, bales of 400 lbs.,...........      731,598      923,915      1,278,646       8S3,:341
lTobacco, lbs........................  117,225,164   91,692,333   197,085,052    64,502.59G
Rice,      "......................    76,280,164   205,439,416   179,434,085    57,043,173
Cane Sugar, hhds.......................          5,063         3,072          2,686
Products of all manufactures...........     $86,553,336  $187,054,607   $179,719,761
V. SOUTHWESTERN.-Interior States
south of Ohio River, and on Gulf
of Mexico, (W. Virginia to Texas,
inclusive.)
Area, 366,317,120 acres.
Acres improved, 33,669,029.
Population........................      3,025,430     4,303,522     5,768,658     6,876,424
Cash Value of Farms, (including as
above),.............................     $645,258,155 $1,672,117,171 $1,254,614,196
Bushels of Cereals,..................  158,662,169   207,486,080   238,798,127   209,008,672
Wheat, (included in Cereals,)......     10,503,460     4,436,027.17,128,600    16, 97,464
Tons of Hay.......................        157,665       211,109      471,029        598,679 
Lbs.Butter and Cheese from dairies,     13,265,178    31,324,361    44,132,365    39,106,879
Cheese from factories,..............                                 24(,000
Value of Animals slaughtered, &c.,....      $25,062,395   $53,235,743   $63,151,535
Cotton, bales of 400 lbs.............   1,243,792     1,546,164     4,065,520     2,126,767
Tobacco, lbs.......................   83,612,377    76,177,789   153,094,826   129,701,038
Rice, ".................     4,560,555     9,813,359     7,700,207    16,591,859
Cane Sugar, hhds.......................         242,514        227,508        84,302
Products of all manufactures.......   $47,362,627  $98,142,971  $174,594,489
VI. STATES AND TERRITORIES ON THE
PACIFIC AND IN THE INTERIOR
WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS,
( California, Oregon, Vevada, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Arizona and
New-Mexico.)
Area, 555,887,040 acres.
Acres improved, 7,922,033.
Population....................                          188,818      684,699        920,933
Cash Value of Farms, (including as
above,)..............                             $16,397,930  $123,461,720  $235,861,470
Bushels of Cereals,..............                     1,026,336    15,792,137    36,497,232
Wheat, (included in Cereals,)...          533,489      7,664,297,   20,473,354
Tons of Hay......                                  7,216       360,782       729,826
Lbs.Butter and Cheese from dairies,....         869,565      6,137,074    13,049,503
Cheese from factories.....................                          49,000
Value of Animals slaughtered, &c.,....        $421,813    $4,780,549     $8,339,470
Tobacco, lbs.,....           9,862        10,609         78,050
Cotton, bales of 400 lbs........             155           16g
Products of all manufactures..........      $15,640,292   $74,786,186   $97,259,455




40
30ot June, 1840,     1850.           1860.        1870.
VII. TERRITORIES IN AND EAST OF
THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming and Dakota.)
Area, 322,325,440 acres.
Acres improved, 223,251.
Population.............................                        89,114         83,758
Cash Value of Farms, (including as
above,).....................  $12,697,312
Bushels of Cereals.............................        1,705,153
Wheat, (included in Cereals,)................         610,820
Tons of Hay,...........................          55,041
Lbs.Butter and Cheese from dairies,............        1,073,014
Cheese from factories,.............           4,000
Value of Animals slaughtered, &c.,........                       $455,264
Tobacco, lbs.,.................................                    1,490
Sheep......................................         131,262
Products of all manufactures,............      $6,291,325
VIII. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Area, 43,722 acres.
Population.........................        43,712        51,687         75,080       131,700
Cash Value of Farms, (including as
above,)..............       $1,842,343    $3,153,315    $3,839,680
Bushels of Cereals,.....................          96,702        130,687        44,033
Tons of Hay.......................           2,279          8,180         2,019
Lbs.Butter and Cheese from dairies,....           16,372        18,835         4.495
Market Garden Products,..................        $112,(34
Products of all manufactures...........      $2,690,258     $5,412,102    $9,292,172
GENERAL SUMMARY OF TIlE UNITED                                     STATES.
30th June, 1840.     1850.         1860.          1870.
Area, (exclusive of Alaska,) 1,897,055,520 acres.
Acres improved, 188,912,833.
Population.........................    17,069,453     23,191,876    31,443,321    38,558,371
Cash Value of Farms, including
farming implements and machinery and live stock,...............            $3,967,343,580 $7,980,493,063$11,124,958,747
Bushels of Cereals,................    615,535,077   867,453,967  1,239,039,947  1,387,279,223
Wheat, (included in Cereals,)......     84,811,175    100,468,574   172,933,579   287,745,626
Tons of Hay.......................      10,246,777    13,838,642    19,083,896    27,316,048
Butter and Cheese, lbs...........      202,410,440    418,881,199   563,345,299    677,017,095
Value of Animals slaughtered or
sold for slaughter...................     $111,703,142  $213,618,682  $398,956,376
Tobacco, lbs.,.........................      199,752,655   434,299,461   262,735,341
Cotton, bales of 400 lbs.,........                      2,469,093     5,387,052     3,011,996
Rice, lbs............................                 215,313,487   187,167,032    73,635,021
Cane Sugar, hhds...................         267,577        230,932        87,943
Products of all manufactures,....  $1,019,106,616 $1,885,861,676 $4,232,325,493
[The values in the preceding tables for the years 1850 and 1860 are expressed in currency
redeemable in gold; those for 1870 in paper, the gold premium in that year being 123 pei
cent.]




41
EXPLANATORY.
THE preceding summary embraces only a portion of the large mass of particulars in respect to all the States and Territories, which are contained in the
extended and detailed tables, from page 5 to page 37, inclusive. They have been
prepared mainly for the purpose of verifying the general results stated in the
summary, beyond the possibility of doubt or cavil in any quarter, however prejudiced or ill-disposed. Each of those tables occupies six pages, and follows the
order of groups or grand divisions of States presented in the summary. Disregarding alphabetical arrangement, the States are classified only by their
comparative proximity to navigable waters. The particulars, all of which are
derived from official statements in the Census of the United States, are now
placed by triplets in juxtaposition, so as to exhibit in respect to each, the amount
shown at the close of the three decades ending in 1850, 1860 and 1870. By this
arrangement, the tables show at a glance the comparative effects upon the various
branches and subdivisions of agriculture, produced by the four years of war,
closing in 1865. In each of these grand divisions, the separate heads are consecutively arranged as follows:
Total Population; Acres Improved; Acres Unimproved; Area of State in
Acres; Value of Farms, of Farming Implements and Machinery, and Live Stock;
Population engaged in Agriculture; Yearly Product of Farms; Wages Paid
during the Year; Cereals, under the separate heads, Wheat, Indian Corn, Oats,
Rye, Buckwheat, Barley; Flouring and Grist Mills Products; Potatoes; Maple
Sugar and Molasses; Orchard Products; Domestic Wines; Market Garden Products; Peas and Beans; Hay; Clover, Flax and Grass Seeds; Horses; Oxen;
Other Cattle; Milch Cows; Sheep; Swine, tabulated as Hogs; Animals
Slaughtered; Leather; Butter and Cheese in Dairies and Factories; Average
pounds per Cow; Honey and Wax; Hops; Tobacco; Rice; Cotton; Wool;
Flax; Hemp, Silk Cocoons; Forest Products; Sawed Lumber, Staves, &c.,
General Product of all Manufactures.
It will be seen that many interesting facts are stated for 1870, which had not
been collected under any census in any previous year. A brief outline is prefixed, from page 1 to page 4, presenting the meagre details obtained from the
census taken in 1840, which had been confined by Congress to a comparatively
narrow field of inquiry.
The distinguished Superintendent of the United States Census for 1870, in his
"Remarks on Wealth," treating the exaggeration in prices by the paper currency
as having been far less on " fixed capital" (such as farms) than on " commodities
immediately merchantable," (such as wheat or cotton, when carried to market,)
expresses the opinion, that the valuation of the latter " cannot have been increased
by less than 30 to 40 per cent." The actual value of the farms of the United
States must depend very largely, if not wholly, on their yearly product and its
accessibility to market. If any considerable portion of that product is carried
to Europe, the price of that portion can only be measured by the actual " money"
of Europe, in gold or silver, which price in its turn must largely affect, if it do
not control, the price in the United States.




42
COMPARATIVE       STATEMENT BY        GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS.
I. CEREAL PRODUCTS.
NORTHERN-                                 1840.         1850.        1860.        1870.
NEW-ENGLAND STATES,....bushels,        20,107,120   22,069,147    24,758,665   20,485,714
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES, (NewYork to Delaware, inclusive,)....  122,899,127   152,484,769  182,487,709   195,703,985
INTERIOR STATES, north of Ohio
River, (Ohio to Kansas, inclusive,)  166,204,291  311,652,066  577,255,715  812,151,925
Total..........................  309,210,438  486,206,977   784,502,089  1,028,341,574
SOUTHERNSOUTHERN ATLANTIC STATES, (Maryland to Florida, inclusive,).......  147,678,261  166,363,045  180,451,033  111,723,089
INTERIOR STATES, south of the Ohio
River and on Gulf of Mexico,
(West Virginia to Texas, inclusive,).............................  158,662,169  214,280,003  258,136,372  209,007,169
Total...........................  306,310,430  380,643,048  438,587,405  320,730,258
* Cotton, bales, 400 lbs.1.......  1,975,390     2,470,079    5,344,165     3,010,108
WESTERNPACIFIC STATES AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES, (California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah,
New-Mexico and Arizona,)...........       1,026,336    15,792,137   36,497,232
TERRITORIES in and east of the
Rocky Mountains,...........................       1,705,153
II. " CASH    VALUE    OF. FARMS," "FARMING         IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY,"
AND " LIVE STOCK."
NORTHERN-                                            1850.          1860.         1870.
NEW-ENGLAND STATES,.........................   $435,154,525  $561,467,417   $707,942,439
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES,.....................  1,270,886,656  1,928,053,403  3,028,551,350
INTERIOR STATES, north of Ohio River,........   914,672,424  2,523,255,738  5,132,815,399
Total.....................................  $2,620,713,605 $5,012,776,558 $8,869,309,368
SOUTHERNSOUTHERN ATLANTIC STATES..................     $683,126,567 $1,168,833,983  $749,022,625
INTERIOR STATES, south of Ohio River and on
Gulf of Mexico,.............................  645,258,155  1,672,117,171  1,254,614,196
Total...................................... $1,328,384,702 $2,840,951,154 $2,003,636,821
WESTERNPACIFIC STATES AND TERRITORIES adjacent,...      $16,397,930  $123,461,720   $235,361,470
TERRITORIES in and east of Rocky Mountains,........        12,696,312
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,.......................  $1,842,343     $3,159,315       $3,839,680
* The fact that the product of cotton in the United States, (used so largely in clothing
the population of Europe,) though temporarily diminished by the war, had nevertheless
increased in 1870 more than twenty per cent. over the product in 1850, is of world-wide
importance.




43
1870.
Comparative Valuation by the Acre of the "Farms," &c., in the United States.
[The Valuation of Farms includes the unimproved acres in each. The Farms embrace less
than one-fourth of the total area of the States and Territories.]
Valuation   Improved   Unimp'd Per Acre Net yearly    Rate
GROUPS OF STATES.         of Farms.     Acres.    Acres. Improved. Product. percent.
New-England States........ $707,942,439 11,997,540   7,572,323  $66.00 $124,098,254  17
Middle Atlantic States,..... 3,023,551,710 29,817,760 14,409,083  100.00  420,724,620  13
North of the Ohio........... 5,132,815,399 78,366,864 60,546,029  66.00  887,532,782  17
Southern Atlantic,.........   749,022,625 26,916,356 58,704,806  38.00   220,789,337  29
Southwestern,south ofOhio, 1,254,614,196 33,669,029 74,202,612   28.00   418,091,476  33
Pacific States & Territories,  235,361,470  7,922,033  7,832,829  57.00   52,886,722  22
Territories east of Rocky
Mountains.................  12,696,312    223,251   543,349    56.00    3,784,503  29
188,912,833 218,811,031
Separate States of the Group " North of the Ohio."
Valuation   Improved   Unimp'd Per Acre Net yearly    Rate
STATES.            of Farms.     Acres.     Acres. Improved. Product. percent.
Ohio......................... $1,200,458,541 14,469,133  7,243,287  $82.96 $181,776,129  15
Indiana.....................  736,257,562 10,104,279  8,015,369  72.86  113,238,954  15
Michigan..................   461,762,426  5,096,939  4,922,203  90.60    73,087,492  15
Illinois,.................... 1,104,839,631 19,329,952  6,552,909  57.15  188,521,818  17.
Wisconsin,.................  359,964,310  5,899,343  5,815,978  64.42    69,844,922  19
Minnesota,.................   124,687,403  2,322,102  4,161,726  53.65   28,987,199  23
Iowa,......................  496,159,156  9,396,467  6,145,326   52.70  105,008,863  21
Missouri,...          492,789,746  9,130,615 12,576,605  53.97    94,258,272  19
Kansas......                 117,553,537  1,971,003  3,685,876  59.13    25,111,199  21
Nebraska...................     38,343,087   647,031  1,426,750  59.26     7,722,264  20
$5,132,815,399 78,366,864 60,546,029
Comparative Cereal and Dairy Products of States near the Ocean                and States
tn the Interior.
Agricul-   Value net          Products Pounds           Value of
GROUPS OF STATES.     tural Popu-   yearly    Bushels   per    of Dairy  Per   Animals
lation.   Products. of Cereals. head. Products. head. slaught'd.
The four Middle Atlantic
States, New-York, NewJersey,   Pennsylvania
and Delaware...........  713,475 $420,724,620 195,703,670 174 *281,467,495 395 $64,618,188
The ten Interior States
north of the Ohio and on
the Upper Lakes and Upper Mississippi and Missouri Rivers,........... 2,032,821 887,532,782 812,151,925 396 t252,270,587 124 208,586,441
[The States on the Upper Mississippi send oats and Indian corn in large quantities to feed
the milch cows in the upland and midland counties of New-York. Their comparative productiveness in each of the States and Territories, is fully shown in the detailed tables.]
Yearly Supplies of Wheat for each Group, (estimating six bushels yearly
per head for its local population.)
Yearly                                   Surplusfor exDeficiencies.                               port beyond the
New-England States.............19,926,851                                 local consumpMiddle Atlantic............. 18,566,587                                   tion.
Southern...... 12,015,510   States north of the Ohio River,.. 116,962,328
Southwestern Atlantic States,.... 24,361,080     "   on the Pacific,............  14,947,756
District of Columbia..............  770,000     "   and Territories east of the'
- _      Rocky Mountains.............       17,972
75,640,028                                    131,928,056
* By 2,214,511 Milch Cows, (average 126 lbs.)  t By 3,289,856 Milch.Cows, (average 76 lbs.)




1870.
NATIONALITIES OF PERSONS, AGED TEN YEARS AND OVER, ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES.
FOREIGN BORN.
NATIVE.,                     - -------
England                     Sweden, Nor-        China     Total
United                Ire-     and      Scot-   British  way and             and    Foreign
NEW-ENGLAND STATES.                          Total.     Males.    Females.    States.  Germany. land.      Wales.    land. America. Denmark.France. Japan. Birth.
Maine,.:.......................            82,011      81,956       55     78,514        42      777      214        59    2,377        6        8....        3,483
New-Hampshire...................           46,573      46,562       11      44,215       15      694      299        62      932         1       4        1        2,008
Vermont...........................  57,983      57,889       94      50,920       30    1,998      360       232    4,429         2       9....        7,060
Massachusetts.....................         72,810      72,756       54      61,614      429    7,422       728      240     2,149       40      54        1       11,063
Rhode Island......................  11,780      11,767       13      10,570       40      694      113        32      301        5        1....        1,186
Connecticut.....................    43,653      43,523      130      37,540      755    3,823       753      20)      362        57      64....         6,014
Total,........................        314,810     314,453      357     283,373    1,311   15,408     2,467      816    10,550      111     140        2       30,814
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES:
New-York,........................         374,323     373,455      868     304,441   16,990   27,923    11.714    2,528    6,601      501    2,273....       68,530 
New-Jersey,........................  63,128      62,943      185      54,331    3,139    3,977      847       193       69       62      177....        8,464      P
Pennsylvania,..................   260,051     258,772     1,279    237,215    9,501     8,014    2,789      670      300       157     782        1       22,214
Delaware............................  15,973  15,907      66     15,465       75      254       131       16        4         1      19....          500
Total...........................      713,475     711,077    2,398    611,452    29,705   40,168   15,481     3,407    6,974      721    3,25    1           99,708
STATES NORTH OF THE OHIO:
Ohio...............................        9,024      396,267      757    349,469   25,060     7,513    6,101      991     1,319      125    3,566        2      44,677
Indiana.............................      266,777     266,349      428     242,567   14,873    3,506     1,880      428      739      387    1,176        2      22,991
Michigan...........................       187,211     187,036      175    144,717    12,324    6,680    8,000     1,703   10,781      493     566....       40,552
Illinois,.............................    376,441     375,407    1,034    292,177    37,717   15,617    11,248    2,870    4,479     7,372   2,473        1      81,777
Wisconsin,.....................   159,687     158,300    1,387     70,431    37,252   13,914   10,669     2,034    4,043    12,254     810....       80,976
Minnesota,.........................  75,157    74,663      494     32,460    12,952    6,205    1,934      697     2,288    15,501     440....       40,017
Iowa,............................         210,263     209,907      356     160,312   16,924   10,668     5,568    1,431    2,435     6,S84     836        2      44,748
Missouri...........................       263,918     262,595    1,323    240,279    13,976    3,517     2,322      475    1,028      393      463....       22,174
Kansas...........................          73,228      72,918      310     61,193     3,395    2,416    2,039      482       876     1,525     360..         11,093
Nebraska..........................         23,115      23,083       32      15,481    3,583      892      940       228      441      828      106....        7,018
Total,...................    2,032,821   2,026,525    6,296   1,609,086  178,056   70,928   50,701    11,339   28,429   45,767   10,796        7     396,023




FPOREIN BOmN.
iATIVE.         -----—.........
England                      Sweden, Nor-         China     Total
United.                Ire-      and       Scot-   British   way and             and    Foreign
SoUTHEAs   TEER  ATLATICo STATES:              Total.      Males. Females.       States.    Germany. land.       Wales.    land. America. Denmark. France. Japan. Birth.
Maryland........................             80,449       79,197    1,252      77,250     1,843      913       247        64        10        8       33....        3,123
Virginia...........................         244,550     228,082    16,468     243,227       360      460       256        95        37       13       26         3        1,250
North Carolina................      269,238     241,010    28,228     268,876        56       71        86        72...          4        8....          297
South Carolina.....................        206,654      147,708    58,946     206,173      128       194        60        22         2       30        5....          441
Georgia...........................         336,145      262,152    73,993     335,487      181       269        81        35        13       10       20....          609
Florida,............................         42,492      36,944     5,548      42,197       53        55        38        24         3         8      14....           195
Total............................     1,179,528     995,093   184,435   1,173,210     2,621    1,962       768       312        65       73      111         3       5,915
SOUTHWESTERN        STATES SOUTH O O OHIO RIVER:
West Virginia,.....................           73,960      73,725       235      72,199      607       773       176        49        13        1        1        1...    1,650
Kentucky............................        261,080     257,426     3,654     256,528     2,291    1,469       293        73        25       29      185....         4,365
Tennessee..........................         267,020      247,953   19,067     265,541       322      632       151        59        38       43       37....         1,282
Alabama,............              291,628'226,768   64,S60    290,901       171      276         7        53         1        16      29....           553'P
Mississippi.........................         259,199     193,725    65,474     257,454      410       520       177        68        20      313       57....         1,565
Louisiana,........................      141,467      114,530   26,937     139,381       488      376       133        49        14       54      632        10        1,756
Arkansas,...........................         109,310     100,669     8,641     108,390      229       261       115        24       23        41       49        72         814
Texas..............................  166,753      152,722    14,031    155,413     4,226       466      354       116       120       191     383         2        5.858
Total,.............    1,570,417   1,367,518   202,899   1,545,807     8,744    4,773     1,406       491       254      688    1,403        84       17,843
PACIFIC STATES AND TERRITORIES I
California.......................      47,863      47,580       283      30,629     2,756    3,803     1,809       663       955      588      572     2,694       13,840
Nevada,............................  2,070  2,063       7       1,412      125       118       131        41        92       51       22        27          607
Oregon......................       13,248      13,232        16      11,856      287       284       274       100       179       45       55        34       1,258
Washington........................            3,771        3,759       12       2,733      176       235       164        97      207        80       21                   980
Idaho......................             1,462        1,462         0      1,046        42       64       182         9        51       37        7        10          402
Utah...............................          10,428       10,417       11       4,542        57       76     3,354       465        59     1,577       5....         5,593
New-Mexico.......................            18,668       18,432       236     18,127        48        27         7        1...          2      15....           100
Arizona............................           1,285        1,284         1        533        49        36        14        6        20         3        7....           135
Total...........................         98,795      98,229       566      70,878    3,540     4,643     5,935     1,382     1,563     2,383     704     2,765       22,915




FOEIGoN BORN.
NATIVE.                 - - -
England                  Sweden, Nor-      China   Total
TERBIORIES IN AND EAST OF ROCKY                                       United             Ire-    and     Scot-  British  way and          and   Foreign
MOUNTAINS:                           Total.    Males.   Fenaiwes. States.  Germany. land. Wales.     land. America. Denmark.France. Japan. Birth.
Colorado............................   6,46       6,462      0      5,593     229     165     143       34      89      34      31....         725
Dakota.............................    2,522      2,522      0      1,247      89     136      50       15     221     657      12....       1,180
Wyoming,..........................       165        164       1        136       4       6       7        5       4.2....          28
Montana,............................  2,111  2,110       1     1,478      96     165      118      25     138      45      19....        606
Total,2........................       11,260  58  2      8,454    418      472     818      79      452     736     64....       2,539
DISTRICT OF COLMBIA..............      1,365      1,350     15      1,103     136      71      25      15        1       1      3...         252
TOTAL AGRICULTURAL POPULA-                                                 -------
TION OF THE UNITED STATES,..     5,922,471  5,525,503  396,968  5,303,363  224,531 138,925  77,173  17,850  48,288  50,480  16,472  2,861   576,059
Natives of foreign countries not specified in preceding table,.......................................................................      43,028
619,087
THE PROBABLE RATE OF INCREASE IN THE AGRICULTURAL POPULATION MAY BE DEDUCED FROM THE POLLOWING FACTS:                                    <
1. The total population in the United States in 1870 was.......... 38,558,571  4. The actual "net" immigration into the U. S., (deducting re-emiThe portion engaged in agriculture in 1870 was..................  5,992,471    gration,) as shown by the official tables of the Treasury DeA little exceeding 15 per cent.                                    partment, was, in the year ending June 30, 1871....... 321,350
2. The natives of foreign countries included in this portion, as                                                      "     1872....... 404,806
shown by the preceding table, were..........................  619,087                                          "    1873,  of
Nearly 10.30 per cent.                                           which 36,822 were designated as " Farmers,"........ 451,893
3. The natural increase of the total population, 38,558,571, in the                                                                  1,17,049
three years from June 30, 1870, at 2kf per cent. yearly, (a rate              Of which 10 per cent. would be................117,74
probably below the fact,) would be 863,957, of which 15 per 
cent. would be....29.......2.................................  129,592           Increase in three years.................................. 247,96
The population of Europe, which, in the year 1776, did not exceed 110 millions, amounted in 1868 to 296 millions. With its natural increase of very nearly two
millions yearly, it has now reached 307 millions, and will probably exceed 350 millions at the close of the year 1900. With this rate of increase Europe could
certainly well afford to contribute at least one million yearly, to increase the population of the United States, the agricultural portion ot which would furnish so
largely the vegetable and animal food required by her over-crowded and under-fed populations. This subject, so interesting to both Continents, is more fully
examined in The Relations of American Agriculture to the American Unioh and the Commerce and Population of the World, to be re-published with these Tables.




1870.
PROPORTION OF VALUES IN FARMS, &c., AND THEIR NET YEARLY PRODUCTS, BELONGING TO NATIVE AND
TO FOREIGN BORN POPULATION.
[In" Farms" are included Farming Implements and Machinery and Live Stock. In " Yearly Products," Betterments and Increased Stock. In " Wages,"
the Value of Board. The proportions for each of the States and Territories maybe readily computed from the particulars Classified in the detailed Tables, from
page 5 to page 37, inclusive.]
Population aged 10
years and over, en-   Valuation   Ratio per     Gross yearly     Wages paid,      Net yearly  Ratio
gaged in Agricul-    of Farms.     Head.         Products.   including Board.     Products.   per
ture.                                                                                  Head.
IN ALL THE STATES AND TERRITORIES,............... 5,922,471.. $11,124,958,747.. $1,878.. $2,447,538,658.. $310,286,275.. $2,13725,3.. $360
Varying Ratios in the different Groups: 
IN NEW-ENGLAND STATES..............................   314,810..     707,942,439..  2,248..   154,026,309..   20,728,055..  133,298,254..  423
" MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES,...........................  713,475..  3,028,551,710..  4,244..   488,369,045..  67,644,425..   420,724,620..  589
"STATES NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER................. 2,032,821..      5,132,815,399..  2,524..  978,671,442..  91,138,660..  887,532,782..  436
" SOUTHERN ATLANTIC STATES,........................ 1,179,528..    749,022,625..   635..    276,174,044..   55,384,707      220,789,337..  187
" SOUTHWESTERN STATES SOUTH OF THE OHIO RIVER,. 1,570,417..       1,254,614,196..   798..    479,883,692..   61,792,216..   418,091,476..  264
" PACIFIC STATES AND TERRITORIES,.................    98,795..     235,361,470..  2,382..    65,544,426..  12,658,204..   52,886,222..  535
"TERRITORIES IN AND EAST OF ROCKY MOUNTAINS,....       11,260..      12,696,312.  1,127..     4,550,183..      815,680..     3,734,503..  331
" DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA............................    1,365..      3,855,630.   2,824..        319,517..     124,328..        195,189..  142
5,922,471.. $11,124,659,781             $2,447,538,658.. $310,286,275.. $2,137,252,383
The facts are well worthy of notice, that the proportion of " Wages Paid" from the " Yearly Product," shown by the Table, for the whole United States, is
thirteen per cent.; in the New-England States, nearly twenty per cent.; but in the ten States north of the Ohio, less than nine per cent. The Table very satisfactorily illustrates the momentous truth announced by the Superintendent of the Census of 1870, and pregnant with consequences so far-reaching in the future of the
American Union, that " the American farmer is, at least in nine hundred and ninety-five cases out of a thousand, the owner of the land he cultivates."




Net Yearly                                                                    Net Yearly
Farms.       Product.                                                           Farms.      Product.
Proportions of the total,........................... $11,124,958,707 $2,137,252,883  Proportions in the States north of the Ohio River,.. $5,132,815,399 $887,532,782
Average per head for total population,...........     $1,878         $360    Average per head for their population..........        $2,524         $436
Belonging to the 5,303,363 natives of the U. S.,.. $9,959,715,714 $1,909,210.680
224,531         Germany,...      421,669,218    80,831,160  Belonging to the 1,609,086 natives of the US.,.....  $4,062,330,064 $701,761,496
" I         18,056 "'       Germany.......    449,413,334   77,632,416
"  138,925    "    Ireland,.....    260,901,150    50,013,000 
77,173    "    England and                                             "       0,928    "    Ireland........  179,022,272  30,924,608
* "           50,701o    "   England     and
Wales,......   144,930,894    27,782,280                                         Wales "  E l324              22
"      17,859    "    Scotland....      33,589,202    6,429,2409                                                                  
Br.A c,.  90,64,86  17,8 0 "         "       11,389   "     Scotland.......    28,745,836   4,965,604
48,288    "    Br. America,.     90,684,864    17,383,680. 5,48,, 2. 8,n 8r.         "      "      28,129    "    British America,    70,997,596  12,264,344
50,480    "    Sweden, Nor- 
50,480,wdeno-                 "      "      45,767    "    Sweden, Norway
way and Den- 
and Denmark,.     115,515,908  19,524,412  Go
mark...           94,80,440    18,172,00                "       0,796            " France.........  27,249,104  4,707,056
"    "       16,472   "     France,......     36,934,416    5,929,920
$11,043,176,898 $2,115,752,760                                                   $5,092,256,438 $873,8S5,572
Residue, to natives of other countries.
The detailed table of " Nationalities," (pages 44, 45 and 46,) furnishes the particunlars needed for similar computations of values belonging to the foreign born agricultural population in any of the other groups of States, or in any separate State or Territory.




49
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
It is believed, that the preceding Tables practically and sufficiently establish
the following propositions:
1. The agriculture of the American Union is the broad and enduring basis of
its national strength.
2. Its agricultural population of 5,922,471 in 1870 had created and acquired a
property in agricultural wealth valued at $11,124,958,747, showing an average
<lue of $1,878 per head, yielding a net yearly income of $360.
y million added to that agricultural population will consequently add,878,000,000 to the national wealth.
4A       esent yearly increase in this population being 82,432, an additional
million-   be gained every thirteen years.
5. These additional millions will be urgently needed, and can be readily supplied by Europe from time to time and from age to age, to enable the American
Union to produce and export the vegetable and animal products to feed, and the
cotton to clothe the large and steadily increasing population of Europe.
6. The ten interior States north of the Ohio River, and on the Upper Lakes
and Upper Mississippi and Missouri, produced in the year 1870, 812,151,925
bushels of cereals, weighing more than twenty-one millions of tons avoirdupois.
By the close of the present century, twenty-six years hence, these States will
probably produce annually forty, and perhaps fifty millions of tons.
7. It has now become a matter of vital interest, not only to the American
Union, but to the common civilization and welfare of the world, to improve
to the utmost all the water-ways, natural or artificial, affording cheap transportation from the immense Interior of North America to the Ocean.. New-York, as the member of the Union specially entrusted by Divine
ice with the most efficient and available of these great waterways, is
-ery consideration, not only of duty and honor, but. of enlightened




50'self-interest, sedulously to foster and promote every measure needed for the
speedy and judicious enlargement of their capacity.
9. The steady progress of agriculture in overspreading the American Union,
from the Atlantic to tha Pacific, as shown by the Tables, with the steps already
taken for improving the channels by land and water, needed for transporting its
products to the oceans, furnish a moral and historical element most important
and instructive, in tracing the evolution of an Empire on the North American
Continent, as yet unequalled in the history of the human race. In a survey thus
philosophical and comprehensive, the necessary international comparisons of the
values of products and commodities to be transported across the oceans, should
only be stated in the actual "money," in gold or silver, recognised by the civilized
world and by our national Constitution.
10. The many millions of industrious and thrifty agriculturists who are to play
the primary part in this great drama of human progress, may properly and rightfully claim, that the immense fruits of their toil shall be valued only in actui
money in gold or silver, and in no irredeemable paper currency of any d(' t
SAMUEL B. RU
NEW-YORK, April 21, 1874.








UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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