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CIPCTULARP
STATE OF NEW YORK:
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION,
ALBANY, AgY8St -3, 1868.
To School Commissioners, City SC perintendents,
anzd Sjpervisors:
GENTLEMEN: Your attention is again respectfully invited
to the accompanying announcement of the Trustees of Cornell University. By perusing it you will learn of the origin
and character of that Institution, and of the progress made
in establishing it.
The primary fund for the support of the University is
derived from the proceeds of a Congressional grant of land
scrip to this State, for the purpose of promoting instruction
in agriculture and the mechanic arts. That large donation
was generously supplemented by a liberal endowment from
Hon. EzRA CORNELL, Of Ithaca, whereupon the original project was expanded to the broad and comprehensive proportions of a University.
The result of this joint mnificence is best expressed in
the words of him whose name the University bears, and who
may fitly be called its founder, when he said: " I will found
an institution where any person can find instruction in any
study."
The University will open on Wednesday, the seventh day
of October, 1868. Though its plans are not yet fully developed, it will then be ready to receive students, and to begin
its great work with a Faculty of the most learned professors
in the land, and equipped with the best appliances obtainable in this country and in Europe.




ii                 CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
BDut tile principal object of this circular is to acquaint the
people of this State with their privileges and opportunities
in connection with this enterprise, and to advise the officers
to whom it is addressed, in reference to the selection of
students.  By a wise provision of its charter, the University
is so associated with our general system of public instruction,
that each Assembly district will be legally entitled to one
free scholarship.
The ordinary method of selecting students for these scholarships is plainly described in section 9 of the act of incorporation, set forth on the twelfth page of the Announcemlent,
in the following words:
" The School Commlissioner or Comlnissioners of each
county, and the Board of Education of each city, or those
performing the duties of such a board, shall select annually
the best scholar fiom  each academy and each public school
of their respective counties or cities as candidates for the
lUniversity scholarship.  The candidates thus selected in
each county or city shall meet at such time and place in the
year as the Board of Supervisors of the county shall appoint,
to be examined by a board consisting of the School Commissionel or Commissioners of the county, or by the said Board
of Education of the cities, with such other persons as the
Supervisors shall appoint, who shall examine said candidates
and determine which of theml are the best scholars; and the
Board of Supervisors shall then select therefrom to the number of one for each Assembly district in said county or city,
and furnish the candidates thus selected with a certificate of
such selection, which certificate shall entitle said student to
admission to said University, subject to the exanination and
approval of the Faculty of said University.!"
In the discharge of this duty no further instructions would
be required, but for the circumstance that, this being the first
occasion for the action of the Boards of Supervisors in the
premises, no times or places have been appointed for the
examinations.




CORNELL UNIVERSITY.                  111
To overcome this embarrassment, and to obviate the necessity of one, and probably of two special meetings of the Board
of Supervisors in each county, and with the approval of the
Trustees of the University, I respectfully suggest and recommend the following course of procedure:
Firs t: That the School Commissioner or Commissioners in
each county, in connection with the respective city Superintendents of Schools, or those performing the duties of such
officers, in counties embracing cities, so soon as practicable
after receiving this circular, designate a time and place for
the examination of candidates, and nominate a committee of
at least three suitable persons to conduct the examinations
and to issue the proper certificates.
Second: That immediately thereafter each School Commissioner and Superintendent confer with thle several supervisors in his district or city, and solicit their concurrence in
such action.
Tlird: That in each county in which this arrangement
shall receive the approval of the supervisors or of a majority
of them, general and public notice thereof be promptly given,
and that the selection of students be made accordingly.
It is further recommended that the several ]Boards of Supervisors, by a formal resolution at their next meeting, ratify
such action as may be taken in their respective counties pursuant to the suggestions of this circular.
In case a majority of the supervisors in any county shall
refuse to sanction this course, they should at once proceed to
select students as the law  directs.  Under either plan, the
School Commissioners, and Boards of Education in cities,
should select scholars for examination in accordance wvith the
statutory provision above cited.
I am induced to make the above recommendation, not by
a desire to supersede the action of supervisors in this important matter, but solely by an  earnest solicitude  that no
county shall, because of inaction, fail to participate in the
advantages of representation in the University.




iV                 CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
It will be observed that the prescribed "' requirements for
admission " will not necessitate any material departure from the
course of instruction ordinarily pursued in our public schools,
for the purpose of preparation. It is to be hoped, however,
that the presentation of this new and superior opportunity
will inspire pupils with increased devotion to those elementary
branches of study, a thorough understanding of which is an
indispensable condition of admission to the University, and
the essential foundation of all sound scholarship.
The great expense and inconvenience of convening the
Boards of Supervisors in the several counties of the State, and
the great value of the interests involved, encourage me to
believe that all parties concerned will cheerfully assent to the
proposition herein submitted, and thus, by timely action, prepare to enjoy the advantages of this crowning institution of
our educational system.
Respectfully,
ABRAM B. WEAVER,
&Sperintendent of Puublic Instruction.




SECOND ANNOUNCEMENT
OF
TRlSTEES OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY0




T5 II 2E
CORNELL UNIVEI% RSIT
AT ITHACA, N. Yo
FIRST GENERAL ANN0OUNCEMENT.
TRUSTEES.
* HIS EXCELLENCY, REUBEN E. FENTON, Governor.
HIs HONOR, STEWART L. WOODFORD, Lieutenant-Governor.
> HON. WTILLIAM HITCHMAN, Speaker.
" HON. THOMAS H. FAILE, President State Agricultural Society.
*- HON.                 Superintendent of Public Instruction.: HON. EZRA CORNELL, Chairman' of Board of Trustees.
*HON. ANDREW D. WHITE, President of the University.
*FRANCIS M. FINCH, EsQ., Librarian Cornell Public Library.: ALONZO B. CORNELL, ESQ., ITHACA.
HON. HORACE GREELEY, NEW YORK.
HON. EDWIN D. MORGAN, NEW YORK.
HON. ERASTUS BROOKS, NEW YORK.
HON. WILLIAM KELLY, RHINEBECK.
GEN. J. MEREDITH READ, ALBANY.
HON. GEORGE H. ANDREWS, SPRINGFIELD, OTSEGO CO.
HON. ABRAM B. WTEAVER, DEERFIELD, ONEIDA CO.,
HON. CHARLES J. FOLGER, GENEVA.
HON. EDWIN B. MORGAN, AURORA.
HON. JOHN M. PARKER, OWEGO.
HIRAM SIBLEY, EsQ, ROCHESTER.
HON. JOSIAH B. WILLIAMS, ITHACA.
HoN. GEORGE iV. SCHUYLER, ITHACA, Treas. of the University.
WILLIAM ANDRUS, ESQ., ITHACA.
JOHN McGRAW, Esq., ITHACA.
* TRUSTEES Ex OFFICIO.




FAC ULTY.
RESIDENT PROFESSORS.
HON. ANDREW  D. WHITE, LL. D.,
PRESIDENT, AND PROF. OF HISTORY.
EVAN W. EVANS, M. A.,
PROF. OF MATHEMiATICS.
WILLIAM CHANNING RUSSELL, M. A.,
PROP. OF SOUTH EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, AND ASSOCIATE PROF. OF HISTORY.
ELI WHITNEY BLAKE, M. A., PH. D.,
PROF. OF PHYSICS AND INDUSTRIAL MECHANICS.
GEORGE C. CALDWELL, M. S., PH. D.,
PROF. OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY.
JAMES M. CRAFTS, M. S., PH. D.,
PROF. OF GENERAL AND ANALYTICAL CHE3IISTRY.
BURT G. WILDER, M. D.,
PROF. OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND NATURAL HISTORY.
JOSEPH HARRIS,
PROP. OF PRACTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE.
MAJOR JOSEPH H. WVHITTLESEY (U. S. ARMY),
PROF. OF MILITARY SCIENCE.
LEBBEUS H. MITCHELL, B. A., PH. D.,
PROF. OF MINING AND METALLURGY.
DANIEL WILLARD  FISKE, M. A., PH. D.,
PROP. OF NORTH EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, AND LIBRARIAN.
WILLIAM D. WILSON, D. D., LL. D.,
PROF. OF MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL PHILOSOPHY.
JAMES LAW, F. H. V. C.,
PROF. OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY.
WILLIAM  CHARLES CLEVELAND, C. E.,
PROF. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING




8                              "FACULTY.
The following' are to be elected in September, 1868.
PROF. OF GENERAL, ECONOMIC AND AGRICULTURAL GEOLOGY.
PROF. OF ANCIENT LANGUAGES.
PROF. OF BOTANY, HORTICULTURE AND ARBORICULTURE.
PROF. OF RHETORIC, ORATORY AND VOCAL CULTURE.
NON-RESIDENT PROFESSORS AND LECTURERS.
LOUIS AGASSIZ, LL. D.,
PROF. OF NATURAL HISTORY (20 Lectures).
HoN. FREDERICK HOLBROOK, LL. D..
PROP. 0P MIECHANICS APPLIED TO AGRICULTURE (12 Lectures).
JAMES HALL, LL. D.,
PROF. OF GENERAL GEOLOGY (12 Lectures).
JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, M. A.,
PROF. OF ENGLISH LITERATURE (12 Lectures).
HON. GEORGE WILLIAM  CURTIS, M. A.,
PROF. OIF RECENT LITERATURE (12 Lectures).
HON. THEODORE W. DWIGHT, LL. D.,
PROF. OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND LECTURER ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED
STATES (12 Lectures).
GOLDWIN SMITH, M. A.,
PROF. OF ENGLISH HISTORY.
The following are to be elected at an early day.
PROF. OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.
PROF. OF RURAL ECONOMY AND ARCHITECTURE.
PROF. OF AMERICAN HISTORY.
PROF. OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AND LECTURER ON INSECTS INJURIOUS TO VEGETATION.




CORNELL IUNIVERSIT'Y.
FIRST GENERAL ANNOUNCEMENT.
THE first term of the CORNELL UNIVERSITY, at Ithaca, N. Y.,
will open on Wednesday, October 7, 1868, with the inauguration of the President and Professors.
The examination of candidates for admission will be conducted by the Professors elect in the several departments, on
the Monday and Tuesday preceding.
Though students can be received at a later period, it is
greatly desired that they appear on }Monday and Tuesday as
above.
The organization of Divisions, Departments, Courses and
Classes will immediately follow the inauguration exercises, and
there will be no delay in the commencement of instruction.
All instruction at the University will be comprehended
under two Divisions.
I. THE DIVISION OF SPECIAL SCIENCES AND ARTS.
II. THE DIVISION OF SCIENCE. LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS IN
GENERAL.
Departments and Courses, in these two Divisions, will be
organized as follows:
I. DIVISION OF SPECIAL SCIENCES AND ARTS.
1. The Department of Agriculture.
2.     "        "    The Mechanic Arts.
3.             "    Civil Engineering.
4.     "       "    Military Engineering and Tactics.
5.             "    Mining and Practical Geology.
6.     "H" Iistory, Social and Political Science,




36              THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
In all the instruction in these Departments a constant effort
will be made to educate men to speedily become practically'useful iAn developing the  resources ancd in acidling in the general
progress of the country.
In the DEPARTME/NT OF AGRICULTURE, science and
practice will go together, not to rear a body of amatezur agriculturists, but to bring scientific methods to bear in ordinary
agriculture, so that, tried by an economic test, the result shall be
to advance the prosperity of the country.  Special attention
will be given to the education of young men, ambitious to
become instructors and professors in the numerous agricultural
colleges now rising in nearly all the States of the Union.
In the DEPARTMENT OF THIE " MaECHANIC ARTS,"
science will also be applied to practice, fitting men to take
positions of influence and usefulness, in developing the manufacturing and mechanical resources and interests of the country.
Special attention will be paid to the practical education of
those who wish to take charge of manufactories and work-shops
of various sorts.
In the DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING the
same idea of making thoroughly scientific men for speedy practical use will be carried out.
The DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY ENGINEERING
AND TACTICS is placed under the supervision of graduates
of the National Academy at W}est Point.
The DEPARTMENT OF MINING AND PRACTICAL
GEOLOGY has for its aim the fitting of men to develop the
vast mineral resources of the nation. When it is considered
what immense losses have been incurred under the management of unscientific or half-scientific men, the importance of
this Department will be recognized. Situated, as the University is, near one of the greatest mining districts of the United
States, it presents special attractions to all students desiring
real preparation for work of the kind contemplated.
In the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, SOCIAL A:ND
POLITICAL SCIENCE, the need of the country for a higher
and more thorough education for the public service, will be




THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
constantly kept in view. Principles, as thought out by Economists, Statesmen and Historians, will be constantly applied to
what has been actually wrought out in society. The trustees
will endeavor, in questions of Political Economy, upon which
good and able men differ, to have both sides ably presented and
discussed. lNTo attempt will be made, however, to proselyte
students to any peculiar or partisan views.
II. DIVISION OF SCIENCE, LITERATURE, AND THE
ARTS IN GENERAL.
1. FIRST GENERAL COURSE, OR "MODERN COURSE."
This will extend through four years. To Modern Languages,
which have become so indispensable in a good education,
wrill be mainly assigned the place and labor usually given to
Ancient Languages. The course will be suited to the needs of
students, so far as possible, by the allowance of options between
studies in the latter years of the course, on a plan somewhat
similar to that lately adopted at Harvard University.
2. "MODERN COURSE ABRIDGED."
This course will extend through three years. This, as well
as the abridged courses which follow, are intended to meet the
needs of those students who have not time for a full general
course. It will give the mnain studies of the extended course,
the sz8bordlnate studies being omitted so as to decrease the time
one year.
3. SECOND GENERAL COURSE, OR " COMBINED COURSE."'
This course will extend through four years. In this the languages studied will be Latin and German, the remainder of the
course being essentially the same as the " General Course." To
those who wish to make a thorough study of MIodern Languages
this course will be valuable, as combining the most useful parts,
practically, of the courses usually pursued' in Colleges, with a
broader course; giving the two sides of all the great Modern
Languages and literatures, including our own, and aiding the




8                THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
scientific student greatly in the literature and nomenclature oY
science.
4. " COMBINED COURSE ABRIDGED."
This will extend through three years. Its name explains its
character.
5. THIRD GENERAL COURSE, OR " CLASSICAL COURSE."
This will be mainly like the "First General Course," with
the option of Ancient Languages for Modern. While making
full provision, in other courses, for Scientific instruction, full
attention will be given, in this course, to Classical instruction.
The ailn will constantly be to provide a Classical Course, as
full and thorough as that of any College in the land-to make,
not smatterers, but sound classical scholars; to strengthen the
student, by giving him an insight into the great thoughts of
great thinkers-not to burden his mind with scraps of doubtful
philosophy and second-hand pedantry.
6. " SCIENTIFIC COURSE."
This will extend through three years, affording a general
scientific preparation for either of the first four departments in
the "First Division," as named above. A special effort will be
made to bring this department fully up to the needs of the
times, both by the course adopted and by the professors elected
to maintain it.
7. SCIENTIFIC COURSE ABRIDGED.
This will extend through two years. Its name explains its
character.
8. OPTIONAL COURSE.
This is similar to that allowed American students in the
greater German Universities; also like the " Select Course" at
the University of Michigan; and which, in both cases, has been
very successful. In this course the student, on consultation
with friends and the appropriate instructors, selects any three
studies for which he may be fitted, from the whole range of
studies pursued in the entire University, follows them up to




THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.               9
such a point as may be agreed upon, and receives, from the
Governing Board of the University, at the completion of his
work, a certificate, showing the extent of the course he has
taken.
9. DEGREES, DIPLOMAS AND CERTIFICATES.
Appropriate degrees, attested by diplomas or certificates, will
be conferred upon all students passing satisfactorily through
any of the above named departments or courses. But it is
thoroughly to be understood that no distinction will be made
between the courses extending through four years, as to the
name, character or value of the degree or diploma, and the
trustees pledge themselves to use every effort to prevent any
caste-spirit in any department or course as compared with
another. It is intended to confer the degree of A. B. (Bachelor
of Arts) on all students who shall have satisfactorily passed
either of the above courses, requiring four years of study.
It is intended to confer the degree of B. S. (Bachelor of Science)
on all students passing through the " Scientific Course" (No. 6),
requiring three years of study.
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
All candidates for admission to any department or course
must present satisfactory evidences of good moral character.
All candidates for admission to any of the special departments in the "F'irsZt Division" must be at least sixteen years
of age. All candidates for admission to any of the courses of
the " Second DivisionS " must be at least fifteen years of age.
Candidates for advanced standing will be examined in the
previous studies of the course which they purpose to enter, and
if they come from another College or University will present
certificates of honorable dismission.
Entering the University will be considered a pledge to obey
its rules and regulations.
Candidates for admission to any department or course must
have received a good common English education, and be
2




10               THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
morally, mentally and physically qualified to pursue to actvantage the course of study to which they purpose to give their
attention.*
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS.
1. IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE, MILITARY ENGINEERING AND TACTICS, AND ~M[INING AND
PRACTICAL GEOLOGY. In addition to the general requirements,
candidates will be examined in the whole of Elementary and
Plane Geometry.
2. For the " COMBINED COURSE " in the Second Division, in
which Latin is taken as an optional study in place of one of
the Modern Languages, in addition to the general requirements the candidate will be examined in Cesar's Comnmen
taries, Cicero's Select Orations, six books of the iEneid and
forty-five exercises in Arnold's Prose Composition, or ill a
course equivalent to this.
3. For the "THIRD  GENERAL  COURSE,"  or " CLASSluAL
COURSE," an examination will be made similar to that for entering the first year at the existing Colleges of a good grade.
OF CANDIDATES IMPERFECTLY PREPARED.
For candidates found to be of good mental quality, but
defective in preparation, provision will be made for special preparatory instruction in a department separate and distinct, but
under the control and direction of the University Faculty,
until such students are filly competent to enter the University.
Students intending to enter are urged to give their main attention, from the time of receiving this circular, to strengthening
themselves in a " souncd, ordincacy E ngish eclucationo;"  such
as can be obtained in every good public school or academy.
Let their efforts be laid out in perfecting themselves in the
following course:
In English Grammar, the general practical principles, with
the strictest attention to exercises in Orthography.  In En* The same qualifications as those named for the Lawrence Scientific School at Cam.
bridge.




THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.                11
glish composition each applicant should take pains to cultivate
skill and facility.  To this end frequent and brief essays and
impromptu compositions, oral and written, are recommended.
In Geography, the leading facts of General Geography, with
special attention to the Geography of Europe and America, to
be learned, not by "parroting" from text books, but by comnmon-sense study of any atlas, taking one map after another,
fastening into the mind the leading,'physical and political
features in the Geography of each continent and of each
country, and finally grouping them mentally together. To
this end map.drawing will be found of the greatest use. Three
weeks' study, in this way, will do more than "tthree years''
study after the ordinary method. In Arithlnetic, attention
should be especially directed to fundamental principles. These
should be clearly apprehended, and fairly fixed in the student's
mind. In view of the course to be pursued in the University,
too much importance cannot be given to a thorough preliminary drill in M3[ental Arithmetic.
Goodl hecalth, good habits, candd a good thoro'ugh e(zccation ins
the coWUzIoLn English brcanches, are then the simple requirements
for admission. Every failure in institutions for higher edcncation maybe traced to a defect in one of these respects.  On
these, as a basis, the University pledges itself to build a good
superstructure.
sFEES FOR TUITION.
The fees for tuition to persons not exempt under the charter
as " State Students," are ten dollars for each term, or thirty
dollars for the year. Neither matriculation fees nor initiation
fees are required.
In special cases of students of decided merit, -who are proven
to be in great need, a remission will be made, either wholly or
in part, of tuition fees, such remission being considered as a
loan, the student giving a note or promise to pay them so soon
as he shall become able after leaving the University.  In all
other ecases payment for each term  must be made in advance.
Students will be held responsible for any injury which may be
done by them to the University property.




12               THE CORNELL IUNIVERSITY.
PAYMENTS FOR MATERIALS USED IN LABORATORY PRAC1TICE.
Chemicals and other materials used in laboratory practice
will be charged to the student using them at actual cost price.
" STATE STUDENTS."
In the original act of incorporation of the University is the
following section:
"' ~ 9. The several departments of study in the said University shall be open to applicants for admission thereto at the
lowest rates of expense consistent with its welfare and efficiency, and without distinction as to rank, class, previous
occupation or locality. But, with a view to equalize its advantages to all parts of the State, the institution shall annually
receive students, one from each Assembly District in the State,
to be selected as hereinafter provided, and shall give them
instruction in any or in all the prescribed branches of study in
any department of said institution, free of any tuition fee, or
of any incidental charges, to be paid to said University, unless
such incidental charges shall have been made to compensate
for damages needlessly or purposely done by the students to
the property of said University. The said free instruction shall
moreover be accorded to said students in consideration of their
superior ability, and as a reward for superior scholarship in the
academies and public schools of this State. Said students shall
be selected as the Legislature may, from time to time, direct,
and until otherwise ordered, as follows: The School Commissioner or Commissioners of each county, and the Board of
Education of each city, or those performing the duties of such
a board, shall select annually the best scholar from each academy and each public school of their respective counties or
cities as candidates for the University scholarship. The candidates thus selected in each county or city shall meet at such
time and place in the year as the Board of Supervisors of the
county shall appoint, to be examined by a board consisting of
the School Commissioner or Commissioners of the county, or
by the said Board of Education of the cities, with such other
persons as the Supervisors shall appoint, who shall examine
said candidates and determine which of them  are the best
scholars; and the Board of Supervisors shall then select therefrom to the number of one for each assembly district in said
county or city, and furnish the candidates thus selected with a
certificate of such selection, which certificate shall entitle said
student to admission to said University, subject to the examina



THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.                13
tion and approval of the Faculty of said University.  In
making these selections, preference shall be given (where other
qualifications are equal) to the sons of those who have died in
the military or naval service of the United States; consideration shall be had also of the physical ability of the candidate.
Whenever any student selected as above described shall have
been, from any cause, removed from the University before the
expiration of the time for which he was selected, then one of
the competitors to his place in the'University from his district
may be elected to succeed him therein, as the School Commissioner or Commissioners of the county of his residence, or the
Board of Education of the city of his residence, may direct."
-Under this the Superintendent of Public Instruction will, at
an early day, issue a circular defining the duties of School
Commissioners regarding the examinations under this act, and
making suggestions as to the best manner of conducting them.
All students presenting themselves at the University with a
certificate, such as is contemplated in the section above cited,
showing that after an examination he has been adjudged the
"best scholar," will be admitted to any department or course
for which he is fitted, and continue for four years, or as long
as he shall profitably employ his time in the University, free
of all matriculation fees, term taxes, or any other payment for
tuition.
ROOMS.
Suites of rooms will be provided, in the College buildings
and near the grounds, sufficient for the accommodation of
about two hundred students. Each suite in the buildings consists of a study with bedrooms and closets adjoining. They
are large and convenient, with careful provision for heat and
ventilation, and no study or bedroom has been or will be constructed without direct communication with the outer light
and air.
It is intended, at the expense of th6 University to provide
neat and durable furniture.  The rent of rooms and furniture
will range from sixty cents to one dollar per week, according
to the occupation of the suite of rooms by two students or by
three. Rooms can also be obtained, at reasonable rates, with
families in the town.




14              THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
BOARD.
Board can be obtained in the village at moderate rates.
Probably good board could be secured, at a lower price, by the
formation of clubs among the students. The University steward will be authorized, in such case, to aid clubs, by the purchase of stores for them at wholesale, and by securing rooms.
FUEL.
The direct communication with the neighboring coal mines
gives advantages in this respect. The University steward will
purchase coal at wholesale, and retail it to students at wholesale prices.
OFFICERS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY.
FACULTY.
A resident Faculty will be in readiness, which, it is believed,
will command the confidence of all friends of advanced and
extended education. In addition to these, it is intended to
secure, as non-resident professors, a number of gentlemen
especially distinguished to deliver courses of lectures in their
several departments.  Several gentlemen of acknowledged
eminence in science, literature and the practical arts, have
already signified their willingness to accept such positions, and
it is intended to announce the names of the Faculty, resident
and non-resident, through the public prints, early in the summer
of 1868. The system recommended by the President in his
" Plan of Organization," has been adopted, which is to " secure
for the resident professorships, for the hard work of building
up the University, active, energetic young men who have a
reputation to make and who can make it; and for the nonresident professors, men of the highest reputation, who will at
once elevate the whole tone of instruction and give us from the
outset a position which could not be attained in any other
manner."
BUILDINGS.
Two large stone buildings, four stories in height, have
already been erected; another of the same character is in prog



TIE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.                15
ress.  In these, besides dormitories for over three hundred
students, are library, lecture and recitation rooms, over thirty
in number, and of various sizes.
LABORATORIES.
There will be two laboratories well equipped, one under the
direction of the professor of agricultural chemistry, and the
other under the professor of general chemistry.
COLLECTIONS.
The University already possesses the Jewett collection in
EPaloontology and Geology, at a cost of ten thousand dollars,
and has received a donation from the State of a collection of
duplicates from the State geological collection, and has funds
now in hand to make large additional collections for illustration
hn the different departments.
LIBRARIES,
The trustees feel warranted in stating that the University
will commence with a scientific and general library sufficient
for the immediate wants of Faculty and Students, and constant
appropriations will be made for its increase.
STUDENT LABOR AND PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION IN AGRICULTURE.
There is much labor to be clone upon the farm attached to
the Agricultural department, and a large number of studentg
can be employed from one to three hours a day, at fair prices.
Shortly after the organization of the University, the University
steward will organize voluntary corps for systematized and
remunerated labor, under the direction of the Professors of
Agriculture and Engineering.
STUDENT LABOR AND PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION IN THE
MECHANIC ARTS.
It is intended to erect workshops upon the University property where students, under proper direction, can have practical
instruction in Mechanic Arts.  The first of these -will be a




16                THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
workshop fitted with the proper machinery for working in
wood and iron, inll which students can labor at fair prices
upon agricultural implements and machinery in general, and
upon models for the University collections of machinery and
apparatus.
Accomplished artisans will superintend this work, and the
attention of those young men who would qualify themselves,
by scientific study, for the most responsible and remunerative
positions as master mechanics and superintendents of workshops, is invited to this feature in the course of practical
instruction.
PRIZES.
The following prizes are offered by the Founder of the University to aid meritorious students:
To the student of the Volunteer labor Corps in Agriculture, who, without neglecting his other University
duties, shall have shown himself most efficient,
practically and scientifically, upon the University
farm,.......................................   $50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the third in merit,..............  10 00
To the student of the Volunteer labor Corps in the
Mechanic Arts, who, without neglecting his other
University duties, shall have shown himself most
efficient, practically and scientifically, in the University workshops,...........................  50 00
To the second in merit,..........................  20 00
To the third in merit,............................  10 00
The above shall be known as the "' Founder's prizes."
The following prizes are offered by the President of the
University to aid meritorious students:
To the student showing the most satisfactory progress
in the "Modern Course') during the first year,... $50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00




TILE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.                   17
To the student showing the most satisfactory progress
in the " Combined Course" during the first year,. $50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the student showing the most satisfactory progress
in the " Classical Course" during the first year,...  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious student in General and Analytical Chemistry,...........................  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious student in Chemistry as applied to Agriculture.........................  50 00
To the second in merit...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious student in Practical M[echanics
and Physics,........................  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious student in Civil Engineering,  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious student in General History,..  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious student in Modern History,..  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious student in Botany,..........  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................   20 00
To the most meritorious Report or Thesis upon an
original investigation in Agriculture...........  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the most meritorious Report or Thesis upon an
original investigation in Geology,...........  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the writer of the best English Essay,..........  50 00
To the second in merit...........................  20 00
To the third in merit,..............................     10 00
To the student who, without neglecting his other duties
as a member of the University, shall make the
most satisfactory development in physical culture,  50 00
To the second in merit,...........................  20 00
To the third in merit,..........................       10 00
Is




18               THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
The committees of examination reserve the right to withhold
a prize where the competition shows a standard not sufficiently
elevated.
The above shall be known as the "President's prizes."
ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSITY.
The establishment of the Cornell University is due to the
combined bounty of the General Government and of the lion.
EZRA CORNELL. 
On the second of July, 1862, Congress passed an act granting public lands to the several States and Territories which
may provide Colleges for the benefit of Agriculture and the
M[echanic Arts.
Under this act- thirty thousand acres for each of its Senators and Representatives in Congress were appropriated to each
State, and under this provision the share of the State of New
York was in land scrip representing 990,000 acres.
From the first, the State of New York determined to cease
the policy of scattering its educational resources, and to concentrate this fund in a single institution worthy so great a
Commonwealth.
Common sense, with the very signal failure of the State
of Michigan in scattering such a fund, and her great success
after concentrating it were conclusive in favor of such a
policy.
Acting upon this idea, the State first appropriated the entire
amount of land scrip to the People's College upon certain very
easy conditions.  These conditions not being complied with,
the Legislature, by chapter 585, of the Laws of 1865, following
the same policy of concentration, against much opposition and
many attempts to scatter the fund, re-affirmed its old decision
to concentrate -the fund, by overwhelming majorities in each
house, and gave the proceeds of the entire amount of scrip to
the Cornell University on certain conditions, of which the most
important were, that EzRA CORNELL should give to the Institution five hundred thousand dollars, and that one student should
annually be received and educated, free of all charge for tuition,




THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.              19
from each of the one hundred and twenty-eight Assembly Districts of the State, as a reward of merit for superior scholarship
in the public schools or academies. Such student to be designated by a competitive examination, to be conducted on a plan
laid down in the act.
At the first meeting of the trustees thereafter, Mr. CORNELL
complied with the conditions of the charter by a gift of five
hundred thousand dollars in due form. He then made the
additional gift of two hundred acres of excellent land, with
buildings, as a farm to be attached to the Agricultural Department; the Jewett collection in Geology and Palkeontology,
which had cost him ten thousand dollars, and since that time
other gifts to the amount of twenty-five thousand dollars.
Besides this, Mr. CORNELL has expended about three hundred
thousand dollars in purchasing the land scrip and locating the
lands for the University, and it is proper to state here, that,
previous to all these gifts, he had erected in the village of
Ithaca, at a cost of nearly one hundred thousand dollars, a
free public library with large halls, and with lecture rooms
which will be exceedingly useful as affording supplementary
accommodations for the lectures and public exercises of the
University. Thus laying the foundation for a sure and a large
endowment, sufficient to enable the trustees to tender, as soon
as the fund shall suffice, free board as well as instruction to the
State Students.
RELATIONS OF THE UNIVERSITY TO TEHE STATE.
The act organizing the Cornell University makes it an
organic part of the educational system  of the State.  The
Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of State, Superintendent of Public Instruction and Speaker of the House of
Assembly are ex offcio trustees. The President of the State
Agricultural Society is also ex offcio a member of the board.
It may be mentioned here, that the Board of Trustees are not
a body sitting for life, but that they are constantly renewed,
the term of office being five years; three being selected every
year-one of them by the Alumni whenever they shall number




20               THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
fifty. This, it is hloped, will do much to insure vigor and
prevent the stagnation from which so many institutions of
learning have suffered.
SCOPE OF THEI UNIVERSITY.
The special department referred to above will be developed
conscientiously and as thoroughly as possible. The prominence
plainly given the first two by the Act of Congress will be loyally remembered. It must also be constantly recollected that
education is here to be made, not only scientific, but practical.
Military education will also be provided for. Moreover, the
trustees are also pledged to try fully and fairly the experiment
of allowing students in appropriate departments to do something toward paying their way by organized manual labor,
under scientific direction. This, however, will be voluntary,
as the freedom of our University demands.
lBut beside these sspecial departments, the trustees provide,
in accordance with the clearly expressed intent of the Congressional act, general instruction. Mr. CORNELL'S gift is made in
order to round the whole institution into the proportions of an
Uni'versity worthy of the State. He expressed plainly and
tersely the whole University theory when he said, "I wozuld
bfound an institution where any person can find instruction in
any stZ(udy."
FEATURES OF THE UNIVERSITY.
First. -Every effort will be made that the educction given be
practically useful.  The idea of doing a student's mind some
vague general good by studies which do not interest him, will
not control. The constant policy will be to give mental discipline to every student by studies which take practical hold upon
the tastes, aspirations and work of his life.
Second. Th/ere is to be UTniversity liberty of choice. Several
courses carefully arranged will be presented, and the student,
aided by friends and instructors, can make his choice among
them.
When we consider that young men are constantly obliged to
make choice unaided in regard to matters of even more diffi



THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.                21
culty and danger than courses of study, it will not be thought
so absolutely necessary that but one single course should be
allowed, and all men of all minds forced to fit it.
Third. There will be no Fetichismn in regard to anzy single
course of study. All good studies will be allowed their due
worth. While the beauty and worth of ancient classics will
not be denied, it is hoped to give the study of modern classics,
especially those of our own language, a far more important
place than they have hitherto held in our colleges. Special
attention will be paid to these.
Fourth. Historical studies and studies in Political and Social
science will be held in high honor, and will have more attention than is usual in our higher institutions of learning.
Besides thorough regular courses, it is intended to present
special courses of lectures by non-resident professors of eminence.
Fifth. There will be no petty daily marking system, a pedantic device, which has eaten out from so many colleges all
capacity among students to seek knowledge for knowledge's
sake. Those professors will be sought who can stir enthusiasm,
and who can thus cause students to do far more than under a
perfunctory piecemeal study.
Sixth. It enters into the plan adopted by the Board of the
Cornell University to bring about a closer and more manly
intercourse and sympathy between Faculty and students than
is usual in most of the colleges.
Seventh. The study of Human Anatomy, Physiology and
Hygiene, with exercises for physical training, will be most
carefully provided for.
Eighthl. The Cornell University, as its highest aim, seeks to
promote Christian civilization. But it cannot e sectarian.
Established by a general government which recognizes no dislinctions in creed, and by a citizen who holds the same view,
it would be false to its trust were it to seek to promote any
creed or to exclude any.
The State of New York, in designating this institution as the
recipient of the bounty of the general government, has also




22              THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
declared the same doctrine. By the terms of the charter, no
trustee, professor or student can be accepted or rejected on
account of any religious or political opinions which he may or
may not hold.
The success of the University of IMlichigan, where the Faculty
comprises men of all religious sects and of all parties, is a sufficient refutation of those who assert that an institution of learning must be sectarian to be successful.
ACCESS TO THE UNIVERSITY TowN.
The Cornell University is established at Ithaca, Tompkins
county, New York. From the south, east and west, the most
easy access is by the New York and Erie railway, leaving that
road at Owego and taking the cars for Ithaca.
From the north, east and west, access is easy by the New
York Central railroad, taking the " old road " between Rochester and Syracuse, and leaving it at Cayuga Bridge, whence
steamboats run directly to Ithaca.
Any additional information can be obtained of FRANCIS M.
FINCH, Secretary of the Board of Trustees, Ithaca, New York,
or of ANDREW D. WHITE, President of the University, Syracuse,
New York.
FR E P O  R T.
To give in brief the latest exhibit of the affairs of the
University, the following report of the recent meeting of the
Trustees is appended, as published in the Albany Evening
Journal, of February 15th:
The meeting of the Trustees of the Cornell University, held
Thursday at the Agricultural Rooms, was one of the most
gratifying since the inception of that enterprise.
The reports presented by the various committees showed the
most satisfactory condition of the University in every respect.
The financial basis seems even better than the most sanguine




THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.               23
have hoped. Of the buildings, one large edifice in stone is
ready for students, and two more will be ready at the opening
of the University in September; giving excellent accommodations for nearly four hundred students.
The Jewett Cabinet in Geology, etc., is all arranged ready
for use, and negotiations were ordered in relation to other
scientific collections, including that of Dr. Newcomb, of San
Francisco; which, with one or two exceptions, is the finest of
its kind in existence.
The report of the President showed that seven Professors
had already been appointed, as follows:
President-ANDREw. WHrrITE, LL. D., formerly Professor
of History in the State University of Michigan.
Professor of Mathematics-Eva  W. EvAs, A. M.
Professor of South European -Languages and Associate
Professor of History-W. C. RUSSELL, A. M.
Professor of Physics and Miedicine-ELI W. BLAKE, Ph. D.
Professor of Chemistry-JAMES M. CRAFTS.
Professor of Agricultural Chezmistry-GEORGE C. CALDWELL.
Professor of Comparative Anatomy and -Natural HistoryBURT G. WILDER, M. D.
The following Professors were elected Thursday:
Professor of XVilitary Science —Major J. H. WHITTLESET,
United States Army.
Professor of North European -languages and Libraria —
DANIEL W. FISKE, A.M.
Professor of inzintg and  ietallurgy-J. H. MITCHELL, A. B.
Also, the following as non-resident Professors:
Professor of.3Natural History —LOUIS AGAssIz, LL. D.
Duties, twenty lectures each year.
Prqfessor of iechanics applied to Agriculture-Governor
FREDERICK HOLBROOK, of Vermont. Duties, twenty lectures
each year.
Professor of General Geology-JAMEs HALL, LL. D., State
Geologist of New York. Duties, twenty lectures each year.
Professor of English TLiterature-JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL
Duties, twelve lectures each year.




24               THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
Professor of Recent Literature-GEoRGE WM. CURTIS.
Duties, tweive lectures.
Professor of Constitutuional.Law —THEODORE W. DWIGHT,
LL. D. Duties, twelve lectures on the Constitution of the
United States.
All these gentlemen, with the exception of Governor HOLBRO(OK, have already entered heartily into the plan, and will be
ready to give instruction at Ithaca during the first year, and it
is believed that Governor HOLBROoK will not hesitate to accept
this position. His election was the result of a vote taken in
the Executive Committee of the State Agricultural Society, at
the request of the Cornell trustees.
It is intended to commence instruction on the third Wednesday in September, with eighteen resident and about ten nonresident professors.
All the leading courses, general and special, will then be
opened, including modern course, scientific course, and classical
course, and special courses in agriculture, mechanic arts, civil
engineering, mining, military science, and history.
A gift was received from President WHITE of one thousand
dollars to be distributed in premiums, to the most meritorious
students in the various departments, who shall enter the first
year.
Another gift of three hundred dollars was received from
another gentleman to be applied to the same purpose.
On motion of Hon. WILLIAM KELLY, President WHITE was
requested, during his approaching visits, to investigate the institutions for Agricultural and Industrial Education in England,
France and Germany, and to report at his return. Also to
superintend purchases of books, apparatus, collections, etc.
The plan of general military instructions presented by [Major
WHITTLESEY, was ably supported in its main features by Lieutenant-Governor WOODFORD, and adopted.
Much satisfaction was experienced regarding the elections
thus far for the Faculty.
The plan of organization of the President has been carried
out fully in this respect. That plan is " to have for the hard




THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.              25
work of building up the University mainly young and active
men-men who have a reputation to make, and who can make
it." Great pains have been taken to secure the most promising
young men for this purpose, and the Committee have been
strongly aided by Professors AGAssIz, DANA, GIBBS, CHANDLER,
President ALDEN, President WILSON, President MOCLINTOCK
and others. With one exception, every one of these young
resident Professors have had the best instruction, both in leading American and European institutions.
Professor EVANS, who graduated with the highest honors at
Yale, in 1851, was afterward acting Professor of Mathematics
at that institution, and then at Marietta College, Ohio, and in
both of these positions he distinguished himself as a teacher
and a writer. He is the author of a mathematical text-book in
extensive use, and of papers in Silliman's Journal. For the
last year he has been studying a second time in Europe.
Professor IRUSSELL graduated at Columbia College, N. Y.,
and won golden opinions as a Professor at Horace Mann's College in Ohio. He is now studying in Europe.
Professor CALDWELL studied at the Agricultural College at
Cirencester, England, and afterward at the University of Gottingen, Germany, and is now Vice-President of the State
Agricultural Society of Pennsylvania.
- Professor BLAKE graduated at Yale, first in the classical and
afterward in the scientific school, then studied at Heidelberg,
Germany, four years. He has been Professor in the University of Vermont, and is now acting Professor at Columbia
College.
Professor CRAFTS, after graduating at the Harvard Scientific
School, studied chemistry four years in France and Germany.
Though a young man, his original investigations were published
by the French Academy of Sciences and Silliman's Journal.
He is now lecturing in the Cambridge Scientific Schools where
he is Assistant Professor.
Professor WILDER is a graduate of the Lawrence Scientific
School, and now the First Assistant of Professor Agassiz.
Though one of the youngest of all he has distinguished himself
4




26               THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.
as a lecturer, he having delivered a course of the " Lowell Lectures" in:Boston, and a course of University lectures at
Harvard. He is the author of sundry contributions to Silliman's Journal and the Atlantic Monthly.
Professor HARRIS studied at the Agricultural College at
Cirencester, England; was afterward leading editor of the
Genesee Farmer, and has succeeded in applying science to
agriculture in a common-sense way and in makingy it _pay.
Professor WHITTLESEY is a graduate of West Point, Major in
the regular army, and the estimation in which he is held is
shown by the fact that he was appointed by General Grant
expressly to draw up a national plan for military education to
meet the wants of the increased army, to be presented to
Congress.
Professor FISKE was formerly at Hamilton College, where
lie attracted attention for his zeal in literature. He afterward
studied at the University of Heidelberg, in Germany, and
Upsala, in Sweden.'Returning to America, he contributed to
the New American Encyclopoedia, and did other excellent
literary wvork.  Going abroad again, he was for a time the
secretary and trusted friend of Motley, the historian, our minister at Vienna. Returning, he was made literary editor of
the Syracuse Daily Journal, where he gained the respect of a
large circle of friends.
HIe is now traveling in Egypt and the Holy Land as a correspondent of several leading journals. It should be mentioned
that while he was contributing to Appleton's Encyclopsedia he
was assistant librarian at the Astor Library, where he gained
the experience which induced the Cornell authorities to make
him not merely a professor but also librarian of the University.
Professor MITCHELL is a St. Lawrence county boy, who studied
engineering at Union College under the lamented Gillespie;
then was an engineer upon sundry railroads, then Principal of
the High School at Davenport, Iowa, where he organized the
whole school system and distinguished himself as an instructor;
thence to Harvard, where he graduated among the first in his
class; then into the army, where he did faithful service in the




THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY.             27
Topographical Engineers; then to the Training Schools of Paris
and Freyberg.
It will be seen that these are "live men," and in selecting
them the Committee have been guided by the fact, not merely
of their energy and ability, but also of nobleness of character.
The Comnmittee have been mindful of the fact that a Professor
to succeed must be not only a scholar, but a mzan and a gentleman, and it is believed that in the above selections such have
been secured.
Of the non-resident Professors it is unnecessary to speak.
The reputations of AGAssIz, Governor HOLBROOK, JAxEs RUsSELL LOWELL, JAMES HALL, GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS and THEODORE W. DWIGHT, are part of American History.
It was determined to have a joint meeting of Trustees and
Faculty immediately after the return of President WHITE early
in July, and to make at that time all final arrangements necessary for commencing active instructions in September.