HOME OPATHY,
A THEORETIC DEMONSTRATION
WITH SOCIAL APPLICATIONS.
BY
x EDGEWORTH LAZARUS, M.D.
NE W-Y OR K:
PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM RADDE, 322 BROADWAY.
1851.




TO MY FRIEND,
CHARLES JULIUS HEMP EL,
To whose indefatigable labors the American homceopathist is so deeply indebted; the eloquent author of
"the true organization of the New Church," who having
given his testimony to the ideal of perfect Society, turns,
from the sight of the " promised land," with the calm devotion of a martyr soul to lead his brothers through the
desert, and finish the work God has given him to do;
I dedicate this little book.
Ehtered, according to act of Corigvess in the year 185l, by
MI. E. LAZARUS,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Coulrt of the, T   d States for the Southeri
District of New:    as.t        h




1O D0 (E OP AT lY.
Q. Is it possible to discover any law of cure, or
well defined principle on which medicines act, seeing
their immense number and diversity, and the different action of the same substance on two individuals,
or on the same individual at different times?
A. All substances in nature are either capable of
assimilation to the life of man, of entering into his
structure and aiding in the performance of his animal
spiritual functions, fulfilling harmonic relations towards him, which are classed under the science of
hygiene-or else they are substances essentially (at
least in the existing chemical state) foreign to the human organism, and exciting disturbance in its functions.  Medicine, as hitherto known; has recognised
only this last class of substances, disturbing forces,
and creators of a "'cial disease.
A natural standard for the discrimination of these
opposite qualities is afforded by the state of health,
which places mankind on one platform in regard to
nourishing substances when properly prepared, such
as grains, the cereal fruits, and garden vegetables,
and also in regard to foreign substances or poisons,
such as Ipecac, Mercury, Arsenic-leaving the difference between the susceptibility of different individuals merely a matter of quantity or degree.




2                   HOMCEOPATHY.
It is chiefly relative to morbidly induced susceptibilities, that the axiom what is one man's meat is
another man's poison has a foundation in truth.
Besides the general standard for the human race or
any great fraction of it, which is given by the state of
health; there is a specific standard given by the health
of each individual, separately considered, to whom
the adaptations of food or of medicines are to be
made.
Q. Admitting that a uniform  and calculable relation exists between all substances either harmonic or
disturbing, and the state of health of a given individual, is this relation equally positive and absolute to
his various states of disease? or is the same substance
to the same person relatively hurtfull or beneficial,
subversive or harmonic, in different states of disease
into and through which we may pass, as well as to
differently constituted diseased persons or to persons
of similar constitution, suffering under different diseases?
A. Yes. Such is the fact of our experience.
Q. How then is it possible accurately to group
substances under any law of cure, since the states of
disease are as manifold and variable as that of health
is one and consistent?
A. All medicines, we have agreed, are disturbing
forces compromising the state of health and inducing
artificial disease. We have also agreed that the same
medicine varies its action on the same individual, in
the different states of a disease to which he is liable.
If our experience shows that this new and incidental
relation is ever harmonic or beneficial, i. e. that medicines have ever cured diseases, restored the organism to the state of health, we naturally infer that this




EXPLAINED BY THE MAGNET.             3
may again occur, that every medicine or subversive
substance may become incidentally curative or harmonic, and our perception of mathematical adaptation
in the motions of stars and planets, in the chemical
relations of atoms, in the harmonies of the elementary
vegetable, and animal world, leads us to expect that
these relatively harmonic effects of medicines should
be calculable, when once we discover their law of
relation.
Now this law can only lie in one or two directions.
Either a given subversive substance harmonizes with
a given diseased condition of a certain individual, on
whom we have seen it operate a cure, by virtue of its
similitude of action with that of the disease cured,
varying within a certain range of analogy, and limited by its identity of action; or by virtue of its contrariness of action to the course of the disease cured:
varying within certain degrees of difference, and
limited only by absolute oppositeness. To ascertain
in which of these directions lies the law of cure, or
whether both principles enter into it forming a compound relative harmony by identity and by contrast,
we must interrogate the laws of life. Perhaps the
magnet has been cast into the world of science to
explain something of this matter. The similar poles
of two magnets and magnetized substances, repel
each other, the contrary poles attract each other.
Every vital creature has a certain habit of being,
and of action, a type of form and force, which constitutes its individuality; and, in proportion to the
strength or amount of this vitality, it must resist
every disturbing force, and tend to regain its natural or acquired habit of existing and acting
after the removal of the disturbing force, and even




4                 HOMlEOPATHY.
vibrate in a direction opposite to that into which
it was forced.  For example, an individual who habitually sleeps eight hours out of twenty-four, if by
any cause he is kept awake all night, will if nothing
prevents him, sleep more than eight hours out of the
next twenty-four. On the contrary, if he takes at the
beginning of the first twenty-four hours, a dose of
opium or other narcotic which causes him to sleep for
twenty-four hours, he will sleep less than eight hours
during the second period of twenty-four hours.
So of the other effects of opium, whose primary
effect is to lull pain and induce a pleasant flow of
animal spirits, but which after this effect is spent,
leaves the system in a state of extreme nervous irritability, so that we see patients thus treated, unable
to bear anything on their stomachs, or to support
light noise or motion.
So as to the action of cold, whose primary effect is
depressing, and which when continued, gradually extinguishes every vital function, inducing a torpor
which pervades first the surface, then the muscles, and
extending to the heart, causes death. But if cold of
intensity and duration not sufficient to destroy life or
limb, be endured, the benumbed parts after the removal from the cold become red and tingle painfully,
even inflame, and the whole system is thrown into
fever if the exposure has been severe. If, however,
it have been more moderate, the reaction or vibration
in an opposite direction to the impression of the disturbing force, is also moderate, and limits itself to a
glow of the exposed surface, and a general quickening
of the circulation and nervous energy, as after a moderate cold bath when the system possesses full power
of vital reaction.




SIMILAR POLES OF THE MAGNET REPEL       5
Analogous to this is our familiar experience of
purgatives, which are always most in use with those
who suffer from obstinate chronic constipation, and
who never are cured of this while they continue to
take purgatives.
Always after an irritation of the bowels provoking
copious and unwonted secretions, a state of torpor
supervenes, and the necessity to evacuate them is
not felt for much longer than the usual time. It follows from these considerations, that the vital reaction
induced by disturbing forces, is in a contrary direction to the primary force impressed, and therefore
that the primary action of the medicine should be
analogous to that of the disease, which it is desired to
expel, just as the south pole of a magnet should be
applied when we wish to repel the south pole of another magnet, or magnetised substance. This principle
gives the greater facility in the treatment of diseases,
as the disease by its symptoms or manifestation actually describes to one acquainted with the mode in
which medicines act, the particular medicinal curative
adapted to it by the magnetic repulsion of identical
poles or forces.
Q. Why should a medicine analogous in its action
to a given disease, excite that curative reaction against
it which the disease itself has been unable to excite in
the organism?
A. Because we observe of medicines an action at
the same time more certain, more powerful and more
transient than of the natural cause of disease. A
person may be exposed to the infection of scarlet fever, of hooping cough, of measles, of typhoid fever or
marsh miasma, many times and a long time without
certainly taking these diseases, but no one can take




6                HOM~tEOPATHY.
ten grains of belladonna, phosphorus, mercury, or
arsenic, nor even of ipecac, or jalap, without very
soon being rendered painfully conscious of a subversive force which rapidly passes through its morbific
manifestations, and if not repeated, leaves the organism in health or in death.
Virulent poisons which destroy the structures they
touch, leave a local death or foundation of chronic
disease, but which is to be distinguished from their
active presence.
Beingi more potently subversive than the natural causes of disease, medicines may then be expected to excite more certain and powerful reactions, at
the same time that they impress on us the greatest
caution in regard to such form, or quality, in their exhibition, as may fatally compromise the structure
with which they come in contact.
Q. Analogy of action being proved, should we
not expect to find medicines as near as possible in
the same sphere of forces as the diseases on which
they act?
A. Diseases cannot be weighed by pounds, ounces,
drachms and grains-nor measured with a yardstick,
a footrule, nor subjected to any other mechanical examirations, whatever be the case in regard to some
of their external manifestations, such as ulcers, &c.
Diseases are dynamic aromas, which infest weak organisms, the same as worms or parasitical creatures;
and which are capable of being burnt out, or dissipated by the divine sunshine of passional life and
intense vital force.
Medicines should then be aromalized, or have
their electricity developed, in order to their perfect
adaptation to the cure of disease.




FRICTION, POINTS, SURFACES, ELECTRICITY.   7
Q. What method?
A. Electricity is the principle of all forces known
under the various names of gravitation, galvanism,
magnetism, &c. This force resides in surfaces, and
may be multiplied in any given substance in ratio to
the increase of its surface.
It is given off by points, consequently given off
from any given substances in quantity proportioned
to the number of its points.
Electricity is developed by friction, the same process which gives to the substances, rubbed or triturated, the greatest amount of surface, the greatest
number of points; which, by separating their atoms,
liberates their polar affinities. This process, to which
medicines are subjected in the homceopathic preparation, also modifies them so that they cease to outrage the senses of taste and smell, or to act corrosively on the gastric mucous membranes, so that
the objections of instinctive sensation against medicines are removed, together with the rational objections to their uncertain or injurious operation.
Q.  WThy are the doses of medicine so infinitely
small?
A. Why is the nervous organism  so exquisitely
susceptible of impressions?  Why is it that specific
affinity is in the molecular combinations of mineral
elements, in vegetable nutrition from the elements of
soils, in social or passional relations, an affair of so
much more consequence than the quantities of the
matters or beings brought into contact.
Why will the ferro-cyanuret of potassium detect copper in the
proportion of - )   6th part, or metallic zinc detect it in the proportion of T  -r0-O-6 th.  Why will the chromate of potash detect
lead in the proportion of  c0  0o th part?  Or sulphuretted hydrogen in the proportion of 2 5 o0l 0J   th?




8                     O1MCEOPATIHY.
Why will sulphuretted hydrogen detect ~-o    of arsenic in
solution by turning the whole a, yellow of lemon or sulphur, or
metallic copper detect 2    U U of arsenic when dissolved in muriatic acid? Or ferricyanuret of potassium detect 4  1 W-wrvth part of
the protoxide of iron? Or anhydrous potash in the proportion of
95 -6 stain strongly reddened litmus paper blue?
Why will phosphate of ammonia detect 2wso-o th part of magnesia, provided an equal quantity of a concentrated solution of an
ammoniacal salt be added?
Why will oxalate of ammonia detect T4 O?-5 th part of lime?
Why is a solution containing 4~bufuth part of iodine at once
made blue by stirring in a little starch?
Why can silver be detected in the proportion of 227000000
and even beyond this by muriatic acid, which changes the clear
solution of the nitrate to an opaline?
Shall I show  you a chemist's laboratory in your
own brain and heart, to make you confess those secrets of passional affinity which constitute the supreme reason of nature, and lie at the basis of all
our virtues?   Suum  Cuique Tribuito, give to each
his own, I teach in my passional hygiene-" To
him that hath it shall be given," remarked Christ,
aye, and given in the same sort.
Harmony or subversion, all falls under one truth.
To him who hath disease, shall be given medicine,
and in the same sort; what the disease asks for, it
shall receive, just its analogue in the animal, vegetable, or mineral world. Treat the devil with polite
hospitality, then he will leave your house without
breaking the furniture to pieces.
Why is it that a lady of my acquaintance is made
ill by bringing a saucer of strawberries into her room,
though she would like well to eat them? How many
grains of the odor of strawberries or of roses shall
we call a dose?-same question of cats, for other
idiosyncrasies.-Why is the least bit of yeast capable




HAENEMANN'S DISCOVERY.            9
of leavening an indefinite quantity of flour, or a single particle of vaccine variola, or syphilis matter,
of changing and corrupting all the fluids of the body,
or of all the bodies of the human race?
Q. What incidents have led to the discovery of the
homoeopathic law of cure-Similia Similibus?
A. The coincidence observed by Hahnemann, between the well known effect of Peruvian bark in
curing or arresting intermittent fever, and the fact
recorded by Cullen of intermittent fever supervening
upon the use of Cinchona bark, in patients who were
taking it for other diseases.   He verified the observation upon himself and a number of others, and
extended his experiments to arsenic and numerous
other remedies, whose description or pathogenesis,
composes the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia, since the
time of Hahnemann enlarged by other contributions.
He was led to diminish his doses by the incoveniences produced by large ones, and their apparent
efficacy after each reduction. He observed that every
disease developed immensely the idiosyncratic susceptibilities of the organism towards those medicines
whose effects were similar to its own, just as a burnt
finger is more sensitive to heat.
Q. Is there any known quantity so small as to preclude the efficacy of medicines in the cases to which
they are specific?
A. The potency of many substances seems to be,
on the contrary, exalted in proportion to the subdivision of their particles, even to the three thousandth
dilution; commencing with a grain, and each dilution
being the one hundredth part of the last in quantity:
Arsenic and other medicines in these very high dilutions have been found perfectly efficient.




10               HOICEOPATIY.
Q. Are we then to credit the common argument,
which seeks to cast ridicule upon the small doses of
the homoeopathists, pretending that a grain of calomel dissolved in the waters of the Atlantic, would
form a homcepathic dilution?
A. Not at all. NTot only is the utmost purity requisite in the saccharine or alcoholic menstruum in
which remedies are prepared, but they must be intimately commingled with this menstruum, part by
part, in quantities varying only between one tenth
and one hundredth of the quantity of the menstruum,
so that they shall as by the analogous process of fermentation, communicate to the menstruum their peculiar electrical state or molecular character.
Q. Why do not Homceopathic physicians always
and certainly and radically cure diseases?
A. They do not all cure them because they are,
for the most part, little acquainted either with the
nature of the diseases they meet with, or with the
character and action of the substances of the Materia Medica.
For a true physician it is necesary that a specific
adaptation of character to this kind of work or function should pre-exist, then that it should educate or
develop itself sonttaneously in a sphere affording to
its contemplation and calculation a great number of
well classified facts, such as an orderly hospital,
should present.
Our present system of medical instruction is not
merely deficient in this respect, but radically vicious,
in as much as it saturates and vitiates the mind of
the student with theories more or less absurd and
pernicious, before it begin to cultivate his practical
genius, and thus renounces a priori the  benefits




REQUISITES OF A PHYSICIAN.          11
which science might obtain from those untramelled
original methods of investigation which each fresh
mind would bring to bear upon the facts subjected
to it.
Until more genuine respect be shown to the intuitive faculties of the soul, we shall find in medicine
as elsewhere, the present bowed under the burden of
the past, and life often too short to unlearn the errors
so maliciously instilled into our childhood and youth,
and broken of spring and stamina when wisdom enables it to commence the real work of self-instruction.
Meantime it must not excite our surprise that men
mistake their vocation,in medicine as elsewhere, and
that it continues as difficult as ever to make a silk
purse out of a sow's ear.
The remedy is to be sought only in a new and complete system of education, connected with industrial
organization, of which the reader may elsewhere inform himself.
Physicians who have the knowledge of their profession in a superior degree, do not always cure, because all diseases are not curable, and because all
medicinal forces have not yet been explored.
They do not certainly cure them, because numerous disturbing forces incident to civilized life interfere between medicine and patient. Such are mental
agitation, distress of the affections, fatigue and exhaustion, interference of personal or magnetic influence, &c.
They do not radically cure them because medicine,
per se, is a mere simplism, only one point of a general system of adaptation, including hygienic relations
with the earth, air, water, sunshine-vegetable and
animal creatures; social or human relations of sym



12                IIOM(EOPATHY.
pathy, prosperity in business, in short, all the physical magnetic and passional relations for which we are
formed and for whose functions and uses we exist.
FORM OF DOSES.
Homoeopathy in its form of exhibition, reveres the
admonitions of those natural guardians placed by the
good God at the threshold of the temple of life, name
ly, the five senses. It considers every medicine, however otherwise appropriate in its qualities; as contraindicated, so long as in its form of preparation, it is
disgusting to the senses of sight, smell, and taste,
given to discriminate from among all substances,
those which are fit to be taken into the stomach and
body of man and other animals. Every medicine,
before being llomceopatbically administered, is so
prepared as to be inoffensive to the sight and smell,
and pleasing to the taste, and as in the approach to
truth, the beautiful every where combines with the
useful; it is the same process of trituration with sugar
and dilution with alcohol that removes the disgusting qualities of medicines, and that develops their
electrical powers, enabling them to penetrate more
readily to the nervous centres, and permeate more
thoroughly the tissues diseased. A material such as
sand or clay, inert in its crude form, exhibits great
medical powers when thus triturated and diluted.
The force and range of already powerful medicines,
such as mercury or arsenic, is at once extended and
refined, so that in the exceedingly minute dose which
experience proves to be fully sufficient to cure, provided the remedy truly correspond with the disease,
these and other poisons become perfectly safe even
for babes at the breast.




DISEASES NOT MEASURED BY THE POUND.  13
To those who very naturally object to Homoeopathy, the impossibility of understanding how such exceedingly minute doses can have any effect, we answer that this is in the first place a matter settled by a
large and long experience for those who have investigated the subject experimentally, and in the second
place that they deceive themselves in expecting to derive any other information on this point from their
senses, than that of the effects or results observed after exhibition of the remedies. Neither sight, smell
or taste detect the medicinal qualities of Mercury,
Arsenic, Antimony, Belladonna, Stramonium, &c.,
the senses only declare I like or I dislike-any further knowledge of remedial agents is gained only by
experimental observation of their effects when taken
into the body. It is only the association of ideas that
makes the mecdicinal qualities of drugs in their crude
forms appear to be sensible. The same association of
ideas comes by experience in Homeopathy to attach
to the medicincal qualities of tasteless and inodorous
preparations of the same drugs.  Nothing can be
more grossly silly than the common notion of estimating the medicinal virtue of drugs by weight and
measure.  Tell me in pounds, ounces, drams and
grains-the weight of Scarlet fever, of Cholera, of
Croup, of Measles or any other disease, tell me its
measure in yards, feet and inches, and you will then
perhaps be rational in expecting that I should tell you
in the same terms the weight and measure of the corresponding remedies which cure those diseases. But
if it be evident to all, that diseases are not susceptible
of such measurements-that they are not visible and
tangible matters, but only aromas manifested like
heat, light and magnetism, by their effects in solid




14   -            IOMIEOPATHIY.
and fluid bodies, then we should naturally expect
that medicines corresponding to these diseases and
curative of them, should in their most perfect preparation lose the visible and tangible qualities of crude
matter, and attain like diseases, the aromac state, with
the extension of power and influence which belongs
to this state-precisely what we find in the preparations of homeeopathy.  It is conformable to the uniform experience of mankind that the senses perceive
only the lowest and feeblest order of forces in nature.
Every thing beyond mere bulk and weight belong to
another field of experience.  Steam, the expansive
force of gases, heat, light, electricity, galvanism, magnetism, nervous power, morbific and therapeutic
agents; and the still higher forms of power such as
those of passion or will, of love and intellect, rise beyond all estimation of the senses, except through their
results.
During ages -when brute force has ruled, it was natural that the virtue of medicines should be estimated
by their material qualities and by the convulsions and
agonies their crude masses produce in the nice mechanism of the human body which they disturb or
destroy.
In an age where intellect and science attain the
supremacy, it is equally naturalthat the higher or subtler qualities of medicines should be sought after, and
that physicians ceasing from their vain and pernicious
attempts to control arbitrarily the movements of organic life, should seek to restore its equilibrium and
harmony by awakening its own reactive forces.




15
HOMVI(EOPATHY-THE CHRISTIANITY OF MEDICINE!
"But I say unto you, that ye resist not evil, but
whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn
to him the other also.
And if any man will sue thee at the law, and take
away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also.
And whosoever SHALL COMPEL THEE TO GO WITH
HIM A MILES GO rWITH HIM TWAIN."
The CHRISTIAN RELIGION is no longer to be confined to a few individtal lives. Its principles, so long
treated by the world as abstractions, are bold and
practical announcements of LAWS OF NATURE OR
WILLS OF GOD, inherent in the organization of souls,
and of societies; and those which seem most transcendental and impracticable from their contradiction to
the false experience of men who live in a vicious circle,
habituated to violate natural laws and to suffer or
engender the evils thereonz consequent; are really the
most literally true, and zuniversal in their application
in every sphere of p2ractical life.
What is the application of the principle above stated to thoseforzs of evil which we call disease, as regards the adaptation of medicines to their cure?  If
we are " not to resist disease" or give medicines which
act in a manner contrary to that peculiar train of
morbid actions which constitute the disease in question, then it is an open violation of the natural law
here announced by CHRIST, to give in cholera or
diarrhoeas; opium, tannin or other astringents, according to the common practice; since these produce as
their direct or primary effect on the hunman body, very
opposite states-constipation, for instance, instead of
diarrhoea; quietude and torpor of the body, instead




16               HOM1EOPATHY.
of the cramps and spasmodic actions of cholera;
warmth of the skin and increase of capillary action,
instead of coldness and suspense of this function observed in the collapse of cholera. God's disapproval,
and nature's rejection of this sort of medical interference, are expressed in the immense mortality oi
cholera, under these ordinary modes of treatment,
the broken constitutions and lingering chronic diseases of those who have survived their treatment, and
in the nearly uniform failures in the cure of much
slighter diseases, such as the common summer complaint of children.
The same false method of practice is fatally signalized by its results in the treatment of hemorrhages and
of nervous diseases, characterized by pain, irritability, sleeplessness, &c., which are aggravated and rendered chronic by the use of astringents, opiates, and
other drugs of a contrary character. It is only when
a physician neglects the false principles of the colleges
and scientific medical world as it now exists, and
relies entirely on empiricism or observation, that he
stands a chance of curing diseases. Then, accidentally, he may give a remedy homceopathic to the disease
or similar to it in its mode of direct action, consequently
curative by the constitutional reaction it determines,
which carries off the disease and restores health.
When we give to a certain diarrhea, colocynth, ipecac, or jalap, according as its symptoms are analogous
to those which one or the other of these medicines
produces in the healthy system; or to the cholera,
veratrum, a drug which produces the picture of
cholera, we conform in the choice of our remedies
to that principle which in moral action gives the cloak
to him who would take the coat, and goes two miles




THE CHRISTIANITY OF MEDICINE.         17
with a man who would force us to go one-a course
of conduct which would naturally make him ashamed
of himself, and cause a reaction in his soul against the
oppression to which he had been inclined. Resistance would only provoke him to greater obstinacy,
and even if he failed to carry his point, would leave
the oppressive disposition firmly rooted, and ready to
exhibit itself on some other occasion.
HIM(EOPATHY or the CHRISTIAN principle of medicine, instead of contradicting or resisting the tendencies of the organism as expressed in the symptoms of
disease, by medicines whose primary effects are opposite to the existing state; understands these symptoms
as the language in which nature calls for the remedy
corresponding to each case, and which may be discovered by an experimental knowledge of the action of
each medicine upon the body in health.
WVe gain thus a clue to the medicine appropriate
to each case, as definite and faithful as the learned
humbug of the pharmacopoeia with its emetics, cathartics, diuretics, emmenagogues and alteratives, &c.
&c., is vague and delusive. We avoid all such organic convulsions or disturbances as vomiting, purging, diuresis, salivation, &c., together with the mistaken notions of the curative influence of such disturbances on the disease in question. Such actions may
indeed occur under any course of treatment, but it is
never desirable to produce irritation to such an extent by any artificial means. I have seen copious
alvine evacuations follow the exhibition of a homceopathic globule, but these were free from The ordinary
inconveniences of a purgative, and due entirely to the
reactive force of the organism, awakened after long




18               HOMIOPATIHY.
constipation by a medicine causing constipation, and
not diarrhoea, by its primary action.
Homceopathy simply solicits the vital force by a
medicinal action correspondent with the disease, towards the place where it is most needed, determining
there more efficient reactions by remedies similar in
character but of greater intensity in their shorter term
of action than the diseases to which they are adapted.
That atmospheric poison, for instance, which causes
scarlet fever, or other influenzas, is breathed by a
whole population, yet if one in every ten were made
ill by it, its virulence would be almost unparalleled.
There is not one person in a hundred who will escape
the artificial diseases correspondent which are caused
by aconite belladonna and mercury, if he takes a
drop of either of these drugs. Medicines have then
evidently been endowed with morbific powers more
intense than those of any other natural causes of
disease, more certain and universal in their effects, and
more transient in their action than their correspondent
diseases. Even mercury is so when compared with
syphilis. The reactions consequent on their transient
effects, are efforts of the vital power to regain its
equilibrium.
Reaction from disturbing forces is a necessary effect
of that very individuality with which every being is
endowed.  Certain qualities of gravity, cohesion,
elective affinity, organic assimulations, senses, affections, and intelligence belong to every one, and their
proportions and modes of action distinguish him
individually from any one else. Just in the ratio
of the force of his life, must be its resistance to
influences disturbing these, and reaction from  the
temporary bias it receives from them. Hence it is on




TItE CHRISTIANITY eF MEDICINE.        19
the reactions of the organism that we are to depend for
cures, and never on the 3rfimary effects of remedies,
and in order that these reactions should be against the
disease, the prinmary disturbing force of the medicine
must be correspondent with it. IOM(EOPATHY proceeds directly from the law of GRAVITY. A stone
lying on the ground, if it be thrown up in the air,
will strike the ground in its fall with reactive force
proportioned to the height of its projection multiplied
into its weight, or in other words proportioned to the
resistance which has been made to its gravity.
An animal if you half starve it, or in other words,
resist its assimilative attraction, will have a proportionally voracious appetite, and fatten again so much more
quickly as its vital reaction is stronger. The senses
of sight or hearing become the more keenly susceptible to light or noise, as they have been longer
deprived of their appropriate stimuli, in darkness and
silence. The same increased sensitiveness occurs
from reaction of the social affections when long isolated from those we love. Hence the truthfulness of
that very popular story Robinson Crusoe. Tryit where
you will, you will find it an universal LAW OF NATURE
or WILL OF GOD. The human organism then, like all
other beings, tends invariably to resume those peculiar
functions which constitute its health, upon the removal of disturbing influences, and all that medicine can
do is to awake it to reaction. If a person who commonly sleeps eight hours takes an opiate that makes
him sleep twenty hours, he is likely to sleep but little
in the second twenty-four hours.
The habitual use of purgatives causes habitual
constipation. In cold weather we generate most heat
in our bodies, and wherever life exists, it exists by




20                JIOMCEOPATHIY.
virtue of the superior reactive force of its possessor
over the disturbing influences of the sphere in which
it moves.
Medicine, when it corresponds with the character
of the disease, is a cause of cure, but the cure itself is
in every case effected by a tendency inherent in the
vital power to reassume the type of health originally
impressed upon it, whenever surrounding influences
are congenial to this, and the causes of disease and
obstructions to cure are removed. It is the natural
function of the lungs to secrete oxygen from the
atmosphere and give out carbonic acid. Of the liver,
to separate the carbon from the venous blood in the
form of bile. Of the Ganglionic nerve, to energize
the nutrition of the body and to rule in sleep, of the
brain and spinal axis to conduct the functions of
intellect and voluntary motion and to rule in our
waking hours. To every part of the organism some
peculiar duty is assigned, and the tendency to this
duty, so impressed upon its structure, that it cannot
do anything else, and always tries to do this. The
concurrence of all the organs in their appropriate
functions constitutes the state of health. All medicines
and all diseases, are alike foreign to the organism and
disturb the course of its actions.
When we give a medicine or morbific agent, we
know that the first action we determine by it, or that
which corresponds to its nature and relations with
the organism, will not be health, since no medicine
corresponds to the state of health, but all to various
states of disease: food and water, not medicine, are in
correspondence with the state of health. Knowing
then that we introduce a disturbing force when we
give medicine, and that the constitution must react




THE CHRISTIANITY OF MIEDICINE.         21
against it, the simple question arises-Do I wish to
excite a reaction in the vital forces in the same direction as that of the existing disease, or in a contrary
direction leading towards health?  This question, the
Allopathist who gives purgatives for constipation,
opium and astringents in diarrhcea, narcotizing or
stupefying agents of which opium is the principal,
for nervous pains; answers practically thus-I will
give a medicine whose action is primarily or directly
contrary to the existing symptoms which I shall thus
arrest for a time at least and give the patient this
proof of my skill in practice. If the disease returns
after the action of my medicine has subsided, that is
to be attributed to its inherent virulence and not to
any  fault in the choice of the medicine.  Both
physicians and patients are short-sighted enough to
believe this, and so by provoking reactions of the
organism in a false direction, in the same direction as
that of the disease, to which the medicines are
contrary; the constipation is rendered inveterate by
repetition of purgatives, the diarrhcea kept up or turned
into a dysentery by opium and astringents, and extreme irritability, with sleeplessness and neuralgic
pains increase after the palliation of opium  in its
primary effect. The Homneopathist, answers practically by giving medicines which in their primary action
are correspondent or analogous to the existing disease,
so that the reaction of nature in the opposite direction
shall also be opposite to the course of the disease, and
consequently in the direction of health.
To this law of Similia Similibus Curantur, there is
one exception, which really is not an exception at all,
but only a confirmation of the same principle from
another field of experience.  It occurs in those




22              HIOMEOPATHY.
medicines in which morbific or disease causing, and
nutritive or health feeding properties, are commingled.
In this case the morbific element causes disturbance
in the healthy function and consequent reactions of
an opposite kind, as from irritation to torpor if the
quality is purgative-from torpor to irritation if it is
narcotic. If the recipient was already sick of a form
of disease like that which the medicine produces, this
reaction against it urges him so far towards health or
the natural equilibrium.' But those qualities in the
medicine which were not morbific but nutritive, excite
no reactions, but go to feed the tissues to which they
are analogous, according to that principle in Hygiene
which corresponds to Homceopathy in Medicinenamely "Suum  Cuique tribuito," Give to each his
own. All other pretended exceptions to the universality of the Homoeopathic law are grounded only on
that tendency to resume its original type and order
offunctions, which God impresses on every being, which
constitutes its individuality, and upon the removal,
perhaps of some mechanical obstruction, emancipates
itself from every foreign influence whether morbific
or curative. This leads us to the threshold of a new
sphere-To the medicine of the Harmonic periods.
Direct movement and Counter-movement take their
names
From the Physical aspect; of Health and Disease;
" Sensitive;      " Happiness and Misery.
"   ~" Social or Moral; " Virtue and Vice.
Mathematical;  " Order and Disorder.
Theological;    " Piety and Sin.
" Analogical and     armony and Disord.
naoival d,  Harmony and Discord.
Pivot~aIl~




DUAL PHENOMENA OF MOVEMENT.           23
Medicine takes the Physical point of view from the
organism of man. All natural relations which harmonize with this and conduce to health, belong to the
Direct movement and are termed in medicine Hygienic. Their cure of disease is the conquest of evil with
good. Those which are subversive of health belong
to the Counter-movement and are termed in medicine
Morbific. Their cure of disease is the conquest of evil
with evil.
Therapeutics, or the science of curing, embraces
both these classes of agents, since God brings forth
good out of evil, and has provided uses for the false
as well as for the true.
There is also a mixed class, where the same object is friendly in some and hostile in others. Examples-In the 1st category of friendly relations, stand
pure air and water among the elements, the nutritious
grains among vegetables, the horse and horned cattle
among animals, our parents, and friends by natural affinity of character, in the human or social sphere: then,
higher spiritual powers. In the 2d category of hostile
relatons, we may instance mephitic gases and miasmas
in the elementary; the upas tree and the trhus or poison
oak, in the vegetable; tigers, vipers, scorpions, &c., in
the animal; in the human those whose interests or char
acters constitute them our enemies in the social relations we occupy towards them-and the Devil or
Subversive providence which presides over the ages
and societies of sin and disorder, in the term contrasted with God, the essence and principle of Harmony.
In the category of mixt elementary characters, stand
the earth, the seas, the air; which at once contain substances and influences essential to our health, and
others malignant and pernicious to us. Among ve



24               HOMCEOPATIHY.
getables; coffee, tea, cacao,the mushroom7 the truffle,
&c., which are either restorative or destructive, according to differences in temperaments or in the states of
our health.
Among animals; the bear, the otter7 the weasel, the
falcon, the ounce or pard, the rabbit and grouse; which
are either friendly or mischievous to man according
to his own arrangements and his education of them,
and which, in their wild state, only respect their own
individual rights.
In the human sphere, most persons are our friends
or enemies, indifferently, according to social position
and interests.  Comparatively few are so nearly related to us by natural affinity as to be necessarily
friends, and few so antipathic in character as to be inevitably hostile. In the term corresponding to the Divine among friendly, and the Demoniac among hostile influences, we may place the neuter element, variously designated as chance, fortune, circumstance,
temptation, &c., which is good or evil to us, according as we conquer and use it, or are conquered and
abused by it; as the food which nourishes a healthy
system is poison to a weak and dyspeptic stomach.
All the subtances from the mineral, vegetable, and
animal kingdoms called medicines, are morbific
agents, and become therapeutic, as in our grammar two
negatives destroy each other and are equivalent to an
affirmative.
They are the types and correspondences in external nature of the morbid states to which the human
body is liable, so that each of them when introduced
into the healthy body, determines a specific form of
disease analogous to that of which it is curative.
Genera, orders and classes, in medicine, as elsewhere,




LAW OF INDIVIDUALITY.           25
have no proper existence in nature, but are employed by the human intellect like algebraical x and y to
facilitate its studies.
Nature knows only individuals. There are in a
final analysis no purgatives, emmenagogues, tonics,
antispasmodics, &c., but only individual medicines, in
whose range of action upon the organism, these and
other qualities may be more or less prominent.
Each induces a specific form of disease according
to its individual character, though offering resemblances and analogies with the forms of disease induced by
other medicines, and correspondence with some form
of disease spontaneously generated, (or in the terms
of Hahnemann,) with some natural morbific miasm.
There is a resemblance between the morbific action
of iodine and bromine, members of the same mineral
family or group; between that of the rhus radicans
and the rhus toxicodendron of the same vegetable
family; between those of crotalus and lachesis of the
same animal family; between those of galvanism and
magnetism of the same aromal family.
There is analogy between the properties of arsenic
in the mineral, and aconite in the vegetable kingdom,
hence they frequently accord and alternate successfully in the treatment of the same disease.
There is correspondence between the medicines
aconite and arsenic; and the disease, acute gastritis or
gastro enterite: between the medicines aconite and
belladonna, and their two related types of scarlatina,
between mercury and syphilis pure.
When our knowledge of the meteria medica shall
be sufficiently definite and extensive to enable us to
classify correctly; should that occur before the hygienic influences of harmonian life has enabled us to
2




26               HOM'EOPATHY.
dispense with all medicine, and determined the transformation of those subversive creations whence our
pharmacopoeias replenish their arsenals; we shall
probably find the medicines resembling each other in
properties, to occupy contiguous positions in natural
classification; those which are analogou sin action, to
occupy similar positions in their respective categories,
and the diseases or morbific miasms correspondent, to
occupy similar positions among the subversive aromas. We shall find the disease and its correspondent medicines in the animal, vegetable and mineral
spheres, to be so related to each other as the inversions of the same principle in its expression in each
sphere, that after classing the developments of the
soul and delineating the branches of the tree of life
in the third, fourth and fifth degrees, and having studied the physiognomy or phenomena of vital expression in each sphere, we shall be enabled to calculate
and describe a priori the organic or functional character of each disease or morbific aroma resulting from
the deflection of the Solar, stellar or planetary rays
as they enter our disordered terrestial sphere, as well
as the morbific character of each medicinal substance
of the graduated natural kingdoms or series into
which the same ray penetrates, as the vital essence pervades our spherical organism even to the coldest and
most inert forms of matter. By effecting in the animal organism a contact between the morbific aroma
and the corresponding morbific mineral, vegetable or
animal substance, we shall then absorb and neutralize
their morbific action, and finally, by the compound regeneration of the planetary surface or external
sphere, and of the animal organism or internal
sphere; in whicn the common agent will be attrac



PRINCIPLE OF CORRESPONDENCE.        27:
tive labor, organized in series of groups; we shall
change all the demoniac powers into celestial powers;
or, to speak rationally, shall obtain from the evolution
of all solar and planetary forces, those benefits of
vigor and charm which are inherent in them, but
which are turned to our hurt by the vicious sphere
which they enter, just as wholesome food turns to
poison in the stomach of the dyspeptic.
The forms of disease induced by medicines correspond to those invading the system in what is called a
natural manier, or in other terms, to those which result from man's disunity with nature, with his fellowcreatures, and with higher orders of being objectively as
his being is completed through his relations with these;
and with himself subjectively, as all these are potentially included in his own soul, and as internal
disunity, however produced, unfits him for harmony
in all these relations. Thus the forms of disease, artificially induced by the medicines above cited, correspond with the natural diseases, which are induced
by subversive aromas or by discordant relations.
Therapeutics, in the adaptation of medicines to the
cure of diseases, proceeds according to the principle
of correspondences, which has been recognized by Dr.
iempel. This was developed under the name of Homoeopathy by Samuel Hahnemann, who made very
numerous provings or experimentations of the morbific
power of medicines upon the healthy systems of himself and others of different ages, sexes and temperaments: after having thus descended into the
sphere of the morbid organic life of his fellow-creatures, after the example of Christ, who descended into the sphere of the morbid, social and spiritual organism of the subversive and incoherent society; he




28                HOMCEOPATHEY.
compiled and recorded the correspondences thus practically ascertained, under the title of Pathogenesis.
These experiences and records have served as the
entire basis of practice for Hahnemann and the Homceopathists, who have treated all forms of disease
with their medicinal correspondences.  It must be
here observed that these records, continued down to
the present day, with many additions, do not constitute the data of a definite science of medical correspondences such as Fourier tells us will be revealed
by the theory of Counter-movement. The Homceo.
pathic Matcria Medica or Symptomen Codex, does
not present to us the pictures of artificial disease such
as they were observed, but only a general summary
of symptoms and pathological states observed by different persons, at different times and places, after exhibition of the medicine which forms the subject of
the text.
The symptoms are merely arranged under heads
of the different parts of the body affected, as moral
condition, head, nose, mouth, throat, stomach, abdomen-urinary  organs-sexual  system,  bronchia,
lungs, back-upper extremities, lower extremities,
&c., and the only discrimination made in the relative
intensity or prominence of symptoms, is by italicizing,
and the use of asterisks to denote that the same symptom has been produced in the healthy subject and
been observed to be cured in the sick.
Besides these crudities in the classification of the
records, there are omissions in the experiments of an
important character, such as those of the alterations
occasioned in the blood, and in the chemical character of the excretions, also of changes in the electrical
and magnetic states of the system.




NATURAL GROUPING OF SYMPTOMS.           29
For a Pathogenetic record which should form the
basis of a true science of medical correspondences, it
would be necessary that all these and other points
should be accurately noted by competent observers,
and as it would not be possible or desirable that the
detailed history of each case experimented on should
be recorded, those on whom the medicines are proved
must be classified according to temperament, state of
health, sex and age, and one person out of each class
most characteristic of it, be selected as the type, of
whom the symptoms observed in the whole class are
to be recorded. It will be necessary to record the
natural groupings or catenations of the symptoms occuring together in different regions and organs of the
body, and their consecutiveness or the order of time
in which they precedb or follow each other, so that
the consecutive days and hours would take that place
which in the present records is occupied by the names
of particular organs or regions as above cited; any
generalizations in regard to the specific range of the
medicine, as to heart, stomach or brain, &c., being reserved for the head of general indications.
If there are fifty persons of a particular class such
as adult robust males, of sanguine bilious temperament-(we do not use these names as expressing most
correctly the classes of temperaments, but because no
others are yet recognized,) of which Zeno stands as
the type —the recorded proving will be prefaced by an
accurate full length naked portrait of Zeno taken before the proving commences, and illustrated by other
portraits of Zeno taken in the course of the proving,
whenever any characteristic change occurs in the expression of the features, the appearance of the skin, or
visible state of any region or organ. When clairvoy



830             3IO0MCEOPATHIY.
ants can be relied upon, it will be well for them to depict the state of mucous membranes and the internal
characteristics which they discern.
As it is possible very frequently for a keen observer
and experienced physician to discern the nature of a
disease from the aspect of the patient without asking
any questions, these physiognomical generalizations
of nature transferred by the artist to the page of the
record will highly illumine and facilitate the study of
the Pathogenesis.
The meaning of the symptoms recorded, or their
connexion with changes of structure and of function
in the different organs, though it may be approximately decided by our present knowledge of physiology
and pathology, may be much enlightened through
the observation of practised and experienced clairvoyants.
Symptoms are only the straws which show which
way the wind blows, and are valuable to the physician only in proportion to his acquaintance with pathology, which enables him to decide of what dvnamic and structural states they are phenomenal. Of
the fifty persons constituting Zeno's class, all will not
experience precisely the same effect from a given medicine.
A certain group or catenation of symptoms will be
observed in forty of them, another in thirty, another
in ten of them: these numbers then will be the co-efficients of those groups of symptoms and designate their
relative value, whilst the degrees of violence or intensity may be designated by letters in the alphabet
prefixed which beginning with A as the least degree,
may ascend to H the eighth degree, or even higher if
it should be found useful.




SUGGESTIONS TO PROVERS.          31
When such processes shall have been repeated for all
the other classes as for Zeno's, when those features
corlmon to all of them shall have been recognized,
and a resume condensed, graphic and enlightened by
thorough pathological appreciation, has been made of
the whole, exhibiting thepivotal character of the Pathogenesis, the tendency of its ramifications, the modulations to which it submits in passing from that temperament and that part of the organism on whichits greatest
energy is expended, to others; and its relations of resemblance, analogy and contrast to other medicines
proved have been observed-then we shall be able to
apply at the bedside the science of medical correspondences with a certainty proportioned to our skill in
there reading Nature's own language, in which the disease itself is naming and calling for its remedy by
the exhibition of its twin-born brother of the Hells.
The painful and laborious method of ascertaining
the virtues of medicines and their adaptations by actual experiment, is liable to many sources of difficulty, uncertainty and suspicion.
1. The experimenters must be sound and well, since
otherwise the medicine may not exhibit its natural
range of action, but symptoms complicated by the
pre-existing disease. Now, persons in sound health
are not as common in the learned professions as the
leaves upon the trees, and when found, they are not
generally the persons best prepared for this martyrdom of science and humanity.
2. There are but a small number of persons capaple of observing and expressing accurately what is
going on within themselves, the mental perception itself is frequently compromised by disease, and confu



32              HuOMCEOPATHY.
sion easily arises in the recognition of phenomena
foreign to all previous experience.
3. It is necessary that the experimenters should
preserve a state of mind and body undisturbed by
other causes than the medicine, before and during the
experiment; which involves not only great self-command in abstaining from the luxuries of the table and
other stimuli in common use, but an exemption from
those moral and social evils which so gravely compromise our present existence.
4. A profound and extensive acquaintance with
physiology, pathology and chemistry is necessary to
the correct appreciation of the phenomena observed.
5. No safe inference being deducible from a single
case, it is necessary that the above conditions or most
of them should be accomplished by a great number
of persons, representing the various constitutions, &c.,
as above stated, and that there should be perfect unity
and concert of action in regard to the conditions ot
the experiment.
Despite the disadvantage under which the lEomceopathists have thus far labored, from the impossibility
during the periods of social incoherence, of that united
effort among accredited and competent physicians, necessary to the elaboration of Pathogenesis as a fixed
science; they have performed a greatnumber of admirable cures, and have always shown the superior efficacy of their principle, when in hospitals-or elsewhere,
their practice has been compared with that of other physicians. Their records constitute the only body of the
therapeutical science which deserves the name, since we
cannot call science those numberless theoretical vagaries, which only require to be stated in parallel columns in order to refute each other, nor those equally




ILLJSTRATION AND DEMONSTRATION.        38
vague observations of the effects of remedies upon the
sick, whose fallacies have been so ably exposed by
Hahnemann in his Organon, that we shall not here
speak of them.
The Demonstration that cures are performed by adapting medicines to diseases on the principle of correspondences, is of two characters, the Practical and the
Theoretical. The practical proof is obtained from the
experience of Homceopathic physicians and their patients, the theoretical proof we shall now present.
Let us first remark the difference between an Illustration and a Demonstration. The illustration gives
only an ornamental completeness of conception to a
fact already acknowledged. The demonstration involves the fact itself, and is capable of preceding it in
the order of our knowledge.
A natural correspondence then existing between
diseases and medicines, which does not exist between
diseases and the living organism, whose normal state
is health; we are prepared to expect that when a
medicine is introduced into the organism corresponding with a certain abnormal or diseased state, that
the disease or subversive aroma will leave the organism where it does not belong, to unite itself with the
correspondent medicine which furnishes it with a
home or natural sphere.
The disease having thus materialized or embodied
itself, presents to the reactive forces of the organism,
a more definite object, and is in consequence more
readily expelled.
These illustrations are ingenious, but their evidence
is not of a demonstrative character.
Such a demonstration of HIomceopathy is possible,
that if it had not been already developed as a fact of
2*




34X-:IOM(EOPATRY.
experience, it could be ascertained ca riori to every
logical mind, and translated into experience.
llahnemann gives this illustration of the Homeeopathic law: Two similar forces cannot act in the same
sphere at the same time any more than two substances
of a similar character can exist in the same place at the
same time. The stronger must absorb or extinguish
the weaker. Now  the artificial diseases induced
by medicines, are possessed of greater intensity than
the natural morbific miasms,  since of all who are
exposed to the miasm of influenza, cholera, yellow
fever, typhus, &c., only the smaller or exceptional
number take these diseases, whereas mercury, camphor,
crotalus, phosphoric acid, &c., produce their specific
effects with great uniformity upon all to whom they
are exhibited, and within a limited and definite period,
though with different degrees of violence. If then as
in the above cases, the medicinal disease be similar
to the natural disease already existing in the patient
to whom the medicine is exhibited, the medicine acting
upon the same sphere of the organism in a similar
manner, must absorb or extinguish the natural disease,
always provided that the medicine correspond to the
totality of the symptoms which indicate to the
physician the essential nature of the disease: otherwise
it may merely modify the disease and impart to it a
compound character, or acting quite in a different
sphere and i.n a different manner like most of the
medicines exhibited by Allopathists, it introduces a
new  disease, which coexists with  the first and
determines at best but a temporary diversion of
the vital force from its former tendency, by counterirritation as it is called.
Why is it that the medicinal force acting in the




HAHNEMANN'S STATEMENT.             85
same direction as the disease and still more intense,
does not rather impart greater impetus to it and place
it still farther beyond the recuperative powers of the
system? Because, answers lIahnemann, medicines
excite the reactive force or recuperative power of the
organism in a different manner from their corresponding diseases. Their action is intenser and acuter but
their force is sooner expended, and then the organism
roused to a recuperative effort proportioned to this
intensity, accomplishes as much more surely and
speedily the conditions of cure.
A purgative medicine for instance, jalap, colocinth,
and croton oil will produce its specific diarrhoea, colic
pains, &c., very acutely, but after twenty-four, or
thirty-six hours at most, this has all ceased, and the
diarrhoea even is followed by a tendency to constipation
of much longer duration, indicative of the spur in that
direction which was given to the reactive power of the
organism. A diarrhoea of similar characters otherwise
contracted runs a much more tedious course and has not
the same tendency to a safe and favorable termination.
Such is Hahnemann's illustration of the Homoeopathic cure by medicinal correspondences, " Similia,
Similibus," or Absorbent Substitution.
Dr. Hempel, in a thesis published by Radde, and reproduced in his "true organization of the new church,"
gives another which may be thus condensed.
The normal state of the human or animal being is
that of health. The normal sphere of all medicines
or subversive elements relatively to these beings, is
that of disease varying in its type according to the
character of the medicine, as we may demonstrate by
introducing the medicine into the organism, when it
will immediately create its own a sphere if the dose be




3~6               HOOI(EOPATHY.
strong enough to subvert the normal or healthy
circuit of actions.
0OM(FEOPATHY —A  CONSEQUENCE UPON  THE LAW
OF VITAL REACTIONS.
Every being, whether mineral, vegetable, animal
or man; is recognized by a specific, clearly defined
type of form and force, by a peculiar manner of existence and of action. In the all vivifying Sunbeam
above and in the passive mould of the earth below,
all beings are one; but as soon as the quickened clay
crystallizes, grows, blooms out, breathes, moves and
speaks in individual creatures, these creatures exist no
longer as a general principle of life, but only by asserting and preserving their distinctive form and character
of being and of action. To lose this, with the mathematical or organic type of development which guides
them in their progressive transformations of growth,
is for them-to cease to be.
They are consequently endowed with a capacity
of resistance to all disturbing forces exactly proportional to the vigor of their life or the tenacity of
their characteristic states, and which forms an equation with their self-appropriative powers, in respect to
substances which harmonize with their individual
character and type of development.
In the healthy animal, and in the man of instinct, this
internal resisting force is manifested upon the approach
or mere contact of pernicious substances and disturbing forces with the senses, and they turn from them
with aversion. Man still retains enough instinct to
manifest this natural aversion to drugs, but it is overcome by scientific prejudice aided by philosophic and
religious views upon the necessity of evil and the des



DEDUCED FROM ATTRACTION.            37
tiny of suffering to which man lies subject, which
persuade him to disregard and act in opposition to
his instincts and to outrage his senses.
The manifest aversion which morbific substances
excite, is prophetic of that internal aversion and organic reaction against them which takes place as soon
as they are introduced within the body, and brought
into contact with the expansions of the sympathetic
nerve, and the system of organic life.
Resistance or reaction implies a tendency to escape
or act in a direction contrary to the impression of the
disturbing force.
The laws of attraction are unitary in their application. In the material, the organic, and the moral
sphere alike; resistance to the existing tendency only
provokes subsequent manifestation, or perversion, intense in the ratio of that resistance. It is by this
same law that the stone resting on the surface will,
after resistance to its gravity by throwing it into the
air, come down with proportional force to bury itself
in the soil; that the salt whose cohesion is resisted
by dissolving, will re-form into more perfect crystals;
that the elements of a compound body united in quiet
status, will after separation, if the conditions of recombination be afforded, unite with evolution of
sound, light, heat, or other signs of intense affinity;
that the half-starved animal eats voraciously and assimilates more rapidly; that among the sensuous
attractions which adapt the soul to a material sphere,
the eye, by confinement in dark places, which resist
its attraction for light, becomes sensitive like that of
the owl; that the clicking of a flea's spurs will be
heard in the silent watches; that a simple diet of
grains and fruits procures us the most exquisite ap



38                 H91WEOPATHY.
preciation of savors; that the temporary removal of
pain, or diminution of sensibility caused by opiates, is
followed by the tremulous impressibility in which the
eye will not bear light, nor the ear noise, nor the
stomach food, nor the muscles weight; and the continuance of this practice, as we so often witness in a
stupid and unreasoning routine, results in the wreck
of strength and beauty which at last can only escape
the bitter consciousness of their ruin in the wild and
morbid excitement of the same poison.  Hence it is
that tea, coffee, tobacco, ardent spirits and numerous
other stimulants, which concentrate a day's life in
a few hours, cause reactions of debility, break us
down prematurely, render each successive generation
more morbidly impressible, and preclude in susceptible persons any regular habits of vigorous and continued exertion; while the cold bath, in its application of one of the means, in its direct effect on the
animal body, most powerful in depressing and even
destroying life, viz. the privation of heat, stands first
upon the list of tonics.
Passing from the Organic and Sensuous to the Affec.
tional sphere of Attraction, we find a Love or Ambition
once awakened, only stimulated, by opposition, to intenser struggle, just as a diarrhea or a neuralgic paroxysm exhibits increased virulence after the opposition of astringents or opiates. Physical disease is thM
excess or repression of organic attractions specific to the
various tissues and regions of our body, determining
their relation to each other through the circulating
blood, as psychical disease is the unbalanced action
or the repression of the affective attractions or passions, which bring souls in relation with each other,




BRANCHES OF ATT*ACTION.                 39
through the magnetic circulation of Humanity, the
integral man.
It is on the principle of homceopathy that persecution has been like the wind to a fire in developing and
spreading new sects of religion. It is to the ignorance
of moral Homceopathy by the British Cabinet, that
America owes her political independence, for we
should never have dreamed of the step if our selfesteem and sentiment of justice had not been brutally
trampled on,. instead of according to us some semblance of privilege.
Here is a tabular view of the attractions which constitute human life:
r Gravitative,  ]
ist. Basic Unity of Organic life, iCohesive,    Five physical
including           Capillary,     attractions.
Affinitary,
Assimilative. 
( Touch,
Taste,    Five sensuous
2d. Sensuous life, including    < Smell,     attractions.
Sight,
Hearilg.    J
Ambition,      Four affec3d. Passional life,          Friendship,   tional attract Love,            tions.
Familism.         tions.
[Centrifugal, 1 Three distri4th. Intellectual life.        Centripetal,    butive tendenBalancing.  J    cies.
Pivotal Unity of man with the Earth and Sun, giving the attraction to Universal Harmony and sentiment of God.
We have seen in relation to each of these attractions consecutively, the reaction  against disturbing
forces proportional to these forces within the limits of
the vital force of the being attacked.  WVhat is true
of all the elements of human nature, is true of hu



40                HOME OPATHY.
man nature as a whole, and true in any relation in
which it may be placed, whether organic or passional.
The whole experience of medicine teaches its truth in
organic relations; the whole experience of our social
and political life, its truth in passional relations.
If then there are any conditions of the vital organism indicating the exhibition of drugs, and any forms
of preparation in which the drug ceases to be repugnant to our senses, or to act as an irritant upon the
mucous surfaces, with which it comes in contact, yet
still retains its absolute or relative morbific potency;
since we have seen that vital reaction in an opposite
direction from any primary disturbing force, contraindicates medicines whose properties are contrary to the
existing state or habit of the organism, it follows that
we must select as curative those medicines whose properties are analogous to the existing disorder or disease, therefore, exciting reactions at the same time
against the medicine and the analogous disease and
leaving the system nearer the state of health which
it naturally assumes upon the removal of disturbing
forces either material or aromal, or in the life of social
relations.
On the greater intensity of medicines than of the
morbific miasms or other natural causes of disease, and
their consequently greater efficiency in determining reactions, having already spoken, I will not here repeat
myself.
The positive application of homceopathy as well
as its negative or non-resistant principle is familiar to
us in our social relations as well as in the exhibition
of drugs. The reactive force is here often called the
spirit of contradiction, and sagacious managers will often ensure obedience by commanding the very oppo



ITS SYNONYMS AND COMPLEMENTS.          41
site course of action from that which they wish to be taken-the will of another being an external and disturbing force relatively to our will internally evolved.
Thus I have kept children quiet in the house on stormy days, when otherwise they would have been crying to go out, by taking them at once to the door, exposing them to the storm and telling them to go.
They turned back very soon in surprise, homoeopathically cured of wanting to go out for that time.
This shows us the radical falsity of the past systems
ofeducation based on blind and forced obedience of the
child or pupil to the mandates of another's will-external disturbing force-and explains the generally
prevalent hypocrisy of character, mean selfishness or
brutal overbearing conduct in those thus educated,
as a vital reaction from these compulsory methods.
Attraction under its various modifications, including
their negative poles or repulsions, seems to be the only motive power which exists —the "permanent revelation of God's will to his creatures," or, in the
language of the Pantheist, the nervous fluid of God.
Its therapeutic application in the language of Christ,
is: "Resist not evil," and "To him  that hath, it
shall be given," (Suum cuique tribuito.)
In the words of ilahnemann, stating its converse
or positive side, Similia Similibus curantur.
In the terms of Fourier, which embrace not only
homceopathy, but also legitimate allopathy, Absorbent Substitution.
Finally we deduce all these special statements or
laws applying in medicine and in social relations, in
the individual organism or the collective organism;
to nutrition and secretion, instinct and passion,
morals and religion; from the great planetary facts




42                HOMEOPATHY.
of gravitation: attraction, direct as the masses, inverse as the squares of the distances, when resisted
in its existing state or tendency, determines an inverse attraction or counter-movemnent on subsidence
of the resisting force, equal to the original force of
the tendency, reduced in proportion to the square of
the distance to which the disturbing force has removed the organism from its normal state, or in an other
point of view, to the time which has elapsed since
the first hhbit of the organic functions was broken;
which explains the difficulty in curing chronic disease
where vicious circuits of action and reaction have
been established and introduced a parasitical life within the original life.
Here we see why, as a consequence of attraction
inverse as the square of the distance, the efficacy of
homceopathy is limited in chronic diseases, and other
medical methods become necessary, such as the watercure, magnetism, and passional affinities, which have
the power to break up existing circuits of action and
to form new ones. It is in acute diseases that Homceopathy approves itself most frequently heroic.
The term  "Absorbent Substitution " is the only
universal and eternal principle of medicine, applying
to all cases in all times in which it is desirable to effect a change in existing conditions, material, organic
or psychical. This being an epoch of inverse development, we find the truth of the law evidenced in the
consequences of its denial;-in the increase of disease under medical treatment, which exacerbates and
multiplies the existing evils by the exhibition of
medicines, inducing  opposite or different morbid
symptoms; —in the increase of crimes, or moral and
social diseases under the various forms of compulso



PASSIONAL SUBSTITUTION.            43
ry human legislation, which opposes to them the gallows and penitentiary; —and in the increase of selfishness and all spiritual perversions, under the legislation of the Church, which combats them with menaces of hell-fire and eternal torments. All these proceed upon the anti-christian principle of resistance
and combat.
What is it we would have'? why do we sin? why
do we pursue the pleasure, the proximate and transitory good, rather than the ultimate permanent good?
Simply, because being nearest to us it looks biggest;
because in morals as in chemistry, it is not the attraction intrinsically strongest which prevails, but
that between elements which are brought into most
intimate mixture. Evil, as Mr. Emerson observes, is
often only the less Good: the attraction of the smaller,
but nearer part of unity, prevailing over the more
distant and greater part. But no part of good can be
so small as to lose its nature and become irreconcilable to all higher good. The antagonism between Soul
and Sense, or between any two attractions or interests,
is it not essential, but incidental to imperfect development. Let us take a murderer in the worst sense;
one who kills his fellow creature, not for the sake of
his purse; this, thousands of good churchmen are doing every day, through the false mechanism which
sacrifices labor to capital, and then taxes both to
support crime, poverty and disease., This sort of murder,-exploitation,-sucking the vital juices of a fellow creature, and throwing his husk into the gutter,
to be fished out by the rag-gatherer of the alms-house
and hospital, we should perhaps consider as bad as
any; but this sort of thing is now in fashion. We
take then one who murders not for gain, not to secure




44A               HOMCEOPATHY.
his safety, not to gratify any interest of a mistress,
friend or relative, but from pure malice or revenge,
simply from jealousy of another's greater happiness.
The case is clear-the man sins from want of love.
To keep him from sinning, you must bring him into
a sphere which, through the medium of interest, will
discover to him  passional affinities with his fellow creatures of whose existence he is ignorant, but
which God, who has clothed the lilies in beauty, and
provided for every sparrow that flies, his food and
mate, has surely not forgotten for any of his human
children.
The combined order of society accepts from Christ
the incarnation of God, in Humanity, which organizes in its limited life those active forces and those
principles of order whose expression in the universe
reveals the presence of God. Seeing that the Passions, like steam, or gunpowder, will act equally for
good or evil, according to the circumstances in which
they are placed, it does not, like the governments and
the religions of incoherence, contend stupidly with
God, by seeking to suppress these passions with which
he has endowed us, but, having organized the sphere
for which they were calculated, it finds them all
ministering to the harmonies of Universal Unity.
In its magnificent luxury and passional harmonies
growing out of attractive industry in the Series, it
provides for each attraction, the objects for which it
would have otherwise tempted to sin, —imilia &Simiiibus, not to the crime, but to the object of the crime.
Passional, like Organic Homceopathy, never resists
or represses the tendency, which from its excess or
perversion, has become pernicious, but removes it by
the Absorbent Substitution of another passion, or or



PASSIONAL HARMONY.              45
ganic tendency. The enlightened physician removes
nausea by an emetic, diarrhcea by a purgative principie, (this does not imply the hyperemesis or hypercatharsis, induced by crude doses of ten or twenty
grains,) and comatose sleep by an opiate; agents specifically inducing similar tendencies in the organism,
and thus indicated by nature as their curative, in the
corresponding forms of incidental disease. Thus the
cure for a disappointment in love is to fall in love
again; the prevention of infatuation, Cyclopsy, or passional congestion, is attained by the diversions of Ambition. Hahnemann recognized the higher branches
of this science, he speaks of the absorbent substitution of the passions; but its practical conditions can
only be realized in the Serial mechanism, which in
providing impartially for all senses and passions the
conditions of gratification, gives to the Papillon, oscillating, balancing  or alternating  passion, their
Esculapius, the power of preventing excesses by judicious alternations, whilst attaining for us enjoyments not simple but composite.-" Why is Lucullus
to day so sesthetic in his tastes?-he has dined, that
gourmand —almost on a plate of fruit!-' Do you not
see that he sits by Celia, that fairy, whose eyes
have disfurnished the love-god's quiver?'-' But we
almost forget the dessert while that glorious strain of
Haydn's is sounding from the halls above.'-' I
breakfasted this morning with Diana in the forest,
whence we brought a load of young crab trees and
nondescripts for a live hedge. We had the birds for
our choristers; and for our Hebe, " came a little brooklet gushing from its rocky fountain near,-Down into
the valley rushing, so fresh and wondrous clear." —
The flowering trails of the Diapensia spread our ta.




46               IOQM0EOPATHY.
ble on the turf, and the Robins and the Thrushes hopped around, and picked up our crumbs.'-' That was
charming.  But I love as well this vast Alhambra
hall, with its hundred quiet alcoves, and the fountain's dash and murmur.  Our mocking birds build
in that Jessamine bower, and their music grows rich
with its perfume.  How stupid those civilizees seem
with their caged birds, and their flowers all packed
off in squares and green-houses, where no one can
see them without losing half the pleasure by making
a business of it.'' Yes if one, were brought here in
a sack, he would fancy himself, I suppose, in some
mythological paradise, and go off in a state of absorption, like the Grand Lama of Thibet' —'Good, but
there sounds the bugle for the 1st Afternoon groups,
and Phillis that Bayadere of the vine leaf, is forming
my cohort.'' My class in floral analogies will meet
me here.-I see Viola tripping towards us with a
flower and a nessay'-' Vale, may Bacchus smile upon
your labors.'-' To night we meet upon the lake.'
Our souls have been calculated by the arbiter
of attraction for a state of continuous, varied and
intense happiness, as the natural sphere of beings
decreed worthy to cooperate freely with him in
working out the destinies of planets. We shall not
make it our business to seek for pleasures, no true
man ever does that; but they  will flow to us
incidentally whilst aiming at our highest duty, acting
out our attractions as the expressions of God's will in
us. Not to seek recreations, but to relax  the
intensity of pleasure by descending occasionally from
composite to simple enjoyments, will be the only care
of the prudent epicure. All tendencies or attractions
are organized in the Serial Industry; and as soon as




SOCIAL IOMCEOPATHY.               47
one flags in its intensity, another, introduced by the
Papillon, comes to take its place, preventing fatigue
or excess. This is the true purgation of the passions,-a recipe somewhat more palatable than
starvation and hellebore. Thus in the Unity of the
Serial order, the focal passion of the soul tends to
harmony through an integral sounding in varied
combinations, of the passional key notes; and
1tHappiness is the music that flows therefrom. It leads
to Duty, through obedience to "Attraction, the compass
of permanent revelation from God to man; which at
once reveals and stimulates " to action.  That action
for its tendency to the highest uses, only presupposes
the embodiment of the serial mechanism  calculated
by God as the sphere of Attraction.
There is a sort of Social Honceopathy which vindicates the spiritual ray in the maleficent beings of our
incoherent sphere which it enters, and whose existence is determined and sustained by it during the
same incoherent periods.
There is an an old saw which says, that the worse
things are the better they are. The darkest hour is
just before the dawn; and the more clearly an evil is
exhibited, and the more cruelly felt, the more chance
there is of a healthy re-action against it, and of its
removal.
Those vicious characters who exhibit most clearly,
in their most hideous deformity, the general tendencies and characteristics of a false and vicious state
of social relations, may exert an influence morally
homceopathic to a certain extent upon other characters, especially on those whose tendencies are similar,
and who are warned by manifested results against the
course they might otherwise have pursued: their




48              HOMCEOPATHY.
chief use is, however, to arouse the dormant reactive
powers of the social body.
So long as the social sphere is not adapted to the
most integral harmonious and perfect development
of the individual soul; so long as organic disorders
exist in it which make the liberty of one man the
limitation of another's liberty; crime, which is individual transgression of the moral and legal established order, must be considered not only as necessary,
but as a healthy symptom, attesting vitality, whose
influx into society is consequent on influx to the
individual soul.
If, for example, in the midst of those oppressive
traditionary customs which assign thousands of acres
as the private and exclusive property of one man,
while disinheriting hundreds of any hold upon the
soil, which keep the poor producing without enjoying
the fruit of his labor, while cloying the rich with unearned luxuries-if in the midst of this great social
lie which is a necessary consequence of the separation
of interests and isolation of families, individuals
should all be so honest and moral as never to poach
or steal-by force of organic reaction against such oppression; the social lie might never be suspected, but
continue to pass for a truth to the latest generations.
But, by the grace of God, the thief, the robber, the
poacher, are raised up, and operate as organic criticisms upon the established order, more numerous and
more active in proportion as this order sins against
natural justice, until such time as enlightened and
vigorous minds, drawn to investigate the social problem by the aspect of these evils, put society in a way
of correcting itself, when the crime disappears, toge



SOCIAL HOIMECOPATHY.              49
thor with the passional compression which occasion.
ed it.
In the combined order where each capacity receives according to its works, and where all enjoy
an ample minimum, theft will become absurd and
even impossible.
The characteristic of societies based upon isolation
or separation of households and workshops, is incoherence of individual interests, which converts selfpreservation and the striving for self-development,
into hostile and narrow selfishness, rendering every
man the natural enemy, because competitor of his
neighbor in the same business, and falsifying all his
passions, so as to bring about what the church calls
total depravity, which is not far from  the truth.
Now, in such a society, the most valuable members
in a certain point of view, are those in which it sees
its tendencies most clearly exposed, who, being victims and creatures of circumstance,  disguise nothing,
but tell it the naked truth of itself, without mincing.
This sort of candor is an unconscious virtue, peculiar to the criminal, for the strong and virtuous man,
who lives superior to temptation, is not the representative of the social tendencies or of the pressure which
he successfully resists.  He is the representative of
the absolute ideal of truth and goodness, which God
takes care shall ever be presented to society on the
one side,-to sh ow what he means: man to be; whilst
on the other, he admonishes society through the criminal, of the errors and defects in its institutions.
Thus we have the desperado, the robber, the pirate,
exhibiting in odious flaring colors the false principle,
that might makes right; or the thief, the swindler,
the courtesan, the drunkard, depicting two characters




50                HOMZOPATHY.
organic in policed societies, —namely, fraud and the
subordination of the spirit to the flesh.
There is a very absurd kind of optimism prevalent
which affects to ignore the most poignant evils of society, in blaming the individual representatives of the
evil, and declaring that they ought to have acted otherwise, as though that changed one iota the facts of
the case.  The same brilliant geniuses always pretend to mistake the exception for the rule in order to
prove the goodness of those social institutions amidst
which these exceptional characters are formed.
Remark to one of these persons that the separation
of families and of interests has the property of engendering meanness and cupidity, he will point you to
such men as Howard, or such women as Dorothea
Dix, to show that you are mistaken. If you observe
to him in connexion -with the wretchedness and destitution of the laboring masses of England, or Ireland,
that two-thirds of their soil remains untilled, being
appropriated to the pleasures of the nobility and gentry, that the whole of the soil is owned by a comparatively small number of persons, the rest of the people having no right in law or fact to any spot on the
surface of the soil, or below to the centre of the
earth, or above as high as the heavens, whereon to
build, abide, sit, or lie down; thus being thrown absolutely under the control and at the mercy of landlords and capitalists, who employ them at starving
prices; if you farther observe that the same laws,
principles, and trains of causation are at work among
ourselves, allowing the capitalist here as in Europe,
to monopolize vast tracts of soil, and already com1pelling the poor settler to travel thousands of miles
to seek a farm  and dwelling, a chance which each




SOCIAL HOMCEOPATHY.              51
succeeding year finds more difficult; we are answered, 0 look at Stephen Girard, or Abbot Lawrence, who began poor boys, without a rood of land
or a dollar.
Look at many another in England who now rolls
in state, see what energy and perseverance accomplish. If a man remains poor it is generally his own
fault, and so forth. They seem not to be able to understand the impossibility that the masses should acquire wealth individually, for the very simple reason
that the means of producing wealth are limited on
the one hand, and the talent for swindling others out
of it is limited on the other, and that even in the
most energetic and thriving States, such as that of
New York, general statistics show the increase in real
values from year to year to be within two per cent.,
while capital draws openly seven per cent. and really,
in very many investments, ten, fifteen, twenty, and
thirty per cent. interest: that the Lawrences, Girards, Astors, and other exceptions to the general
fact that the mass of the civilized people is poor,
have not produced the wealth which they possess,
but only obtained it by speculation on the labor of
poor producers who remain poor; through commerce,
law, and other more or less moral or fashionable
methods of securing the results of the labor of others without rendering therefor a quid pro quo.
Thus it is necessary, in order to correct the silly
optimism which is an insuperable barrier to the investigation of social evils and their causes, and methods of cure, that Social Homoeopathy should exhibit
in the sin-begrimed multitudes who throng those characteristic institutions of civilization, its jails, brothels, and grogshops; the real impersonations of its




62                HOMCEOPATHY.
character and tendencies, those who have yielded to
its temptations, and exhibit its results in their most
intense and unmitigated form.
When we consider that the worst and meanest characters equally with the noblest and purest are only
phenomenal of the same humanitary life under varied conditions of birth, circumstances and education,
that human nature is every where the same in its essence, and that any particular moral as well as physical expression in the individual, results from the natural and social sphere in which it has been developed, combined with the spherical and humanitary conditions which has furnished the type of its organiza
tion by modifications through hereditary descent,
we are inspired with an immense and universal charity, we even come to thank nature for her frankness,
and go to work in good earnest to redeem those spheres
in which we desire to see regenerate human expressions.
This does not in the slightest degree interfere with
the permanent fact of individual responsibilit- -but
it underlies it and overlies it. The man continues to be
and to suffer as are his thoughts, affections and actions, but you influence all these for good or for evil,
according to the sphere in which you place him.
Civilization is yet to learn, that it can no more cure
itself of crime by punishing criminals, than one can
cure a cold by blowing his nose.
The superficial thinker, if asked what application
or procedure would be homoeopathic to the cure of
crime will answer like a parrot, Similia Sinmilibuscommit another crime.-Even civilized governments
have learned so much as this of Homoeopathy: the
only measures of which they seem yet to have any




SOCIAL HOMIEOPATHY.              53
conception in their criminal courts, are the commission of new crimes against the person and family of
the criminal, whom they deprive of his liberty and
subject to corporal violence, sometimes to the extreme of death. But as we have shown, page 44,
the curative or preventive in order to be effectual,
must apply to the cause of the crime and remove or
extinguish its motives by absorbent substitution.
The motive causes of the immense majority of crimes
are found in poverty, either material or passional, or
both, and their removal necessitates the increased
production, the vast unitary economies and the large,
free and benevolent social sphere, which can be provided only by association, agricultural and domestic
some of whose features are explained in my " Passional Hygiene" and in my "Solar Ray."
In the art of raising a crime through all its potential
degrees to the highest dynamization, the civilized law
and its system of tribunals exhibit a truly marvellous
instinct of the scientific procedure, considering that
they have made no study of homeeopathy.
Given: a criminal, or fact of crime; the problem is,
to diffuse as widely as possible through society the
tendencies to that crime, to leaven with it the whole
social mass, and determine its reproduction in kind
with the greatest frequency. To which end, modern
civilization proceeds by the following means:
First, to prevent the escape of the criminal, lest
coming under better influences he should become
again an honest and innocent member of society, as
perhaps before the commission of the crime; a catastrophe, the more probable from the natural tendency
to react which the soul experiences after being driven
to any violence against its instincts of harmony.




64                HOM(AEOPATRY.
To prevent this, a bloodhound police is immediately
set upon the track of the criminal, whilst all the newspapers open in full voice to disseminate throughout
society the details of the crime and to prepare or predispose susceptible characters to its imitation. The
grain of crime is thus rubbed up with successive multiples of the sugar of the milk of human nature, until
by dint of contemplating and discussing the crime the
people are ready to re-enact it. During this process
of trituration and dilution, the criminal or person supposed to be such; (for algebraical hypothecations of
legal x's and y's, answer the purposes of social medicine quite as well as the intercalary pellets of sugar of
milk, generally employed by homoeopathic physicians
to amuse their patients between the doses of real
drugs;) is caught and carefully corked up in jail with
other criminal pellets, to prevent their aroma from
escaping until the day of trial arrives, when the cork
is removed by the sheriff, and the contents of the jail
vial applied to the noses of the judge, jury, lawyers
and people, in the social sick-chamber called court of
justice.
Now the public patient having been prepared for
operation according to Dr. Travers' advice in his excellent work on "Constitutional irritation " by a meagre
newspaper diet of details; the initiation, heretofore
merely intellectual, becomes dramatic and empassioned; crime is galvanized for this august occasion
by the eloquence of the bar, and made to breathe and
move in the popular sight and hearing.
Meanwhile an immense number of new crimes are
incidentally developed in the way of false evidence or
perjury in behalf or against the prisoner; and of
hatred and malice; the reputation and emolument of




SOCIAL HOMCEOPATHY.              55
the lawyer depending on this success in mystifying
the evidence on the other side, and blackening their
characters. How much better than the murderer is
he who works for the price of blood? The morbific
excitement of the general mind through the newspapers is now revived with tenfold energy, so that in
a rich case, like the Parkman murder, it is impossible
to take up a paper without its meeting your eye, or
listen for a moment to conversation in the streets
without hearing the same theme.
This continues to the third act of the drama, which
is the legal re-enaction of the original murder upon
the person of the criminal. The first murder being a
private and selfish satisfaction of the appetite for destruction and vengeance, the criminal is very properly
punished for his want of hospitality in not inviting
his fellow-citizens to participate. In the fun of the
second murder at the public execution, which they
have been prepared to appreciate through the discipline of the press and the court; every one is permitted to share; and if the seeds of crime are not
quickened by these procedures, it is clearly due to the
inaptitude of individual character, and not to any
apathy or inefficiency in our social methods of indoctrination or dynamization. —In effect, statistics clearly
prove, that the number of crimes multiplies in proportion to the number of public punishments, and
every one who understands the laws of homoeopathy
and of neurology, sees, a priori, that it-cannot be otherwise.
Such is the vicious circle in which all the brilliant
geniuses, strong characters and sophistical philosophers
of our bar and bench and legislative halls revolve,
and the talents of a Calhoun or a Webster serve to




56                HOItEOPATHY.
consecrate the most pernicious of social blunders. So
true is it that a corrupt tree can only bear evil fruit,
and that societies founded upon the separation of families and of interests must ever continue to be as
Christ called them 1800 years ago —"A generation of
vipers."
CONCLUSION.
In the body of this little treatise I have shown
rather the-differences than the connexions between
Homceopathy and the older routine systems of practice which are summed: up under the general title of
Allopathy. The sesthetic mind, however, practical
hostilities forgotten for the nonce, will perceive
that Homoeopathy is in truth no schism, but only a
natural development of the cruder forms of medical
practice. Thus it was not like so many other discoveries of the highest value foisted upon the profession by one of the laity, but a systematic induction
by one of its members in full standing. Indeed, its
difference from the routine practice is not greater
than that between the butterfly and the caterpillar.
It is the same creature, but very prettily transformed.
It has laid aside all its disgusting attributes, sloughed the drug-shop, and enduing the wings of a more
spiritual potency, flies on aromal nerve-currents,
freely permeating every organ and tissue by instinctive polarities.
Nor is it only in the form of the drug that we trace
this metempsychosis of medicine. In theory, leaving




CONCLUSION.                   67
the groping empiricism of the schools to fight with
symptoms and effects-to ease me that neuralgia with
a little opium, or to modulate with calomel and jalap,
Epsom-salts and Castor-oil on the sensibilities of
torpid viscera, Homoeopathy steps a grade higher
into the region of proximate causes, whence it investigates the symptoms in their collective unity or totality, and calls from nature's therapeutic arsenal the
analogical drug, to the selection of which the New
Science of Comparative Psychology may soon guide
us more directly than our painful experimentations,
whose crucifixion is adapted only to the subversive
social periods, while evil prenominates.
The chief cause of charlatanism, and the barrier to
exact science in medicine, is that civilization makes
a trade of it! I cannot speak for all, but I know,
that I for one cannot condescend to practice my profession, if I must regard myself in any lower light
than that of guardian-angel to my patients. My unbounded devotion in every faculty of mind and body
is theirs, if I once undertake their treatment, but in
return I require a confidence wholly unfettered by
any mercenary consideration. I cannot sell myself
by the visit, nor is there any humiliation more painfully abhorrent to my instinct, than to receive money
from a person to whom I have sustained the position
of a mediator of life. We must live by our labour,
it is true, as well as labour to live, but it is no bargain between individuals on which we should have
to depend for a just compensation. Man cannot act
divinely, cannot manifest his noblest powers under
the stimulus of material interest. Secure by the intervention of a Social Providcence, of an abundant dividend in proportion to the health of the Public,of which




68'HOMCEOPATHY.
he is an accepted minister, of the particular section under his supervision, the Physician of Harmony will
operate chiefly by sanatory measures of prevention
in a sphere which the civilized physician cannot enter;
and when pure air, pure water, wholesome food and
attractive industry is guaranteed to all, the amount
of disease remaining will be reduced to an infinitesmal minimum.  Here begins the true office of Hygenie science in the art of raising the organism  of
of races to their maximum  of vigor and perfection.
It is then that the physician will be the minister of
nature.
N OT E.
SINCE this little book has been stereotyped, there has appeared a physiological treatise by JOHN GARTH WILKINSON, of
rare merit and highly amusing as well as bold and original in
its investigations. Wishing to call the attention of my readers
to it, I here extract by way of Appendix a few of its pages on
Homceopathy, which, though containing nothing new and by no
means even a fair average of his book, will yet justify its extrac.
tion and show the manner of the man.




59
APPE NDIX.
BURIED, as the existing medicine is, among fuming acids, sharp
stimuli, chemicals and caustics, it cannot believe in the power of
gentleness, or the first smallness of good causes. Widely extended
though it be, we must pass it by; but not without the recogni
tion, that it is the chaotic mother of children fairer than itself, and
on their account deserves to be respected. But now that these
have come, it only keeps them out of their fortunes by lingering
too long above ground, and cumbering the earth with its age and
infirmities.
The first considerable child which it has born, is that science
which HAHNEMANN delivered-we mean HOMCEOPATHY, or the
treatment of " likes by likes," which was a legitimate fruit of the
previous drug medication. For in the whole, the idea of medicine
itself is homcoopathic; it does not give health-producing agents to
engender health, but poisons which would issue in disease: it is,
therefore, the general application of the law, by which like is to
be cured by like. It is in the particulars that medicine does not
recognize the application of the Hahnemannian formula; and
thence, whenever it comes into details, it is in contradiction with
its own idea. It is homceopathic in theory, and allopathic in application-a house divided against itself. And in the matter of
doses, it is subject to the like remarks; for no one gives physic
in the same quantities as food, but a few grains of calomel, or a
few fractions of a grain of arsenic, are considered sufficient even
by "heroic practitioners" of the old school. Why is this, but
that there is a working in these poisons, which takes them out of
the category of the ordinary materials which we put into our
mouths? And if a grain will produce results upon a man of
fourteen stone weight, where is the absurdity to end, without
experiment, which may choose to show that the millionth or decillionth of a grain will have even better results? I marvel how
men who lift fourteen stone by the equipoise of a skillful grain,
can sneer at other men, who do the same nice balance by incalculably lesser weights. For it is evident that all medicine is on




60          WILKINSON  ON HGOMEOPATHfY.
this railway of smallness, and is more perfect and harmless for
every fresh terminus that it reaches. If the allopathists were
accustomed to give calomel porridges, their wrath against small
doses would be consistent; but when they are themselves reduced
to grains, why should they cavil at other healers, who, by experit
ment, have found out the value of grains of grains.
It. was Hahnemann to whom all the world is indebted for the
scientific deepening of medicine in both these fields. He, first of
men, saTw that if poison in genere is given to disease in genere,
the aim will be more nearly hit if poison in particulari be administered to disease in particulari. This conception of his, involved
the working of a very peculiar " science of correspondences " between the effects of drugs and the symptoms of diseases, so as to
discover exactly what poisons, and what order of them, would
answer to the symptoms and flux of special maladies.  In the
ideal of this great sportsman, each shot in the gun was cognizant
of its own part of the prey, and the line of sight was the science
which brought poison level with disease.
The matter of doses depends upon the fineness of the aim. In
everything there is a punctum saliens so small, that if we could
find it out, a pin's point would cover it as with a sky. What is
the meaning of that invisible world which is especially versed
about organization, if there be not forces and substances whose
minuteness excludes them  from  our vision? We have not to
batter the human body to pieces in order to destroy it, but an
artistic prick-a bare bodkin-under the fifth rib, lets out the life
entire. Nay, had we neater skill of deadliness, a word would do
it. The sum of force brought to bear depends upon precision,
and a single shot true to its aim, or at most a succession of a few
shots, would terminate any battle that ever was fought, by picking
off the chiefs. if our' gunnery be unscientific, the two armies
must pound each other, until chance produces the effects of science,
by hitting the leaders; and in this case a prodigious expenditure
of anmmunition may be requisite; but when the balls are charmed,
a handful will finish a war. It is not fair to count weight of
metal when science is on one side, and brute stuff on the other;
or to suppose that there is any parallel of well-skilled smallness
with ignorance of the most portentous size. The allopathic school
is therefore wrong in supposing that our " littles" are the frac.




APPENDIX.                         61
tions of their "mickles;" the exactness of aim, in giving the
former a new direction, takes them out of all comparison with
the unwieldy stones which the orthodox throw-from their catapults.
But again, there is another consideration.  Fact shows that
the attenuation of medicines may go on to such a point, and yet
their curative properties be preserved, nay, heightened, that we
are obliged to desert the hypothesis of their material action, and
to presume that they take rank as dynamical things. A drop of
aconite may be put into a glass of spirit, a drop of this latter into
another glass of spirit, and so on, to the hundredth or the thousandth time, aud still the aconite-property shall be available for
cure. Here then we enter another field, and deal with the spirits
of things, which are their potential forms, gradually refining massy
*~drugs, until they are likened to those sightless agents which we
know to be the roots of nature, and feel as We most powerful in
ourselves. How calln such delicate monitors be looked at fiom
the old point of view, or assimilated to the violence that is exercised by materialistic physic? If the latter would stir the man, it
does it by as much main force as it dares to use; whereas the
former moves him by a word, through the affinities and likings of
his organization.
It would be curious to consider how it is that medicinal substances so attenuated are still true to themselves, and exert their
properties upon the body; for the fact is beyond question. Although we cannot resolve this enigma, yet there are analogies
which somewhat domesticate it in our understandings. In the
body, for instance, a grain of any substance, or a spot of any feeling, is participatively present throughout; a dose of calomel
influences the frame, and if we may use the expression, calomelizes it; the wound inflicted by a needle point gives a sensation to
the man, or hurts the great body itself. It is not that the agent
is materially everywhere; but the patient is set in the attitude of
the effect, and feels it universally. We may therefore look on
organisms as universes that vibrate from one end to the other
with every force that assails them; and thus in their own way
become the magnitudes and propagations of the force. This is
plainly shown in contagions, which engrafted upon the smallest
part of the body at first, in the next place run morbidly through
it, and ferment the firame into a new but greater vesicle of a mor



62          WILKINSON ON HIOM(EOPATIY.
bid kind; after which the social propagation begins, and a continent may be infected from that first grain of disease, thus shaken
and dynamized in human body after human body, and not diminished but aggravated by its propagation. In this we have a clear
image of the dynamization of medicinal powers, which received in
any vehicle (e. g., alcohol), and properly vibrated, seem to convert it into their own likeness, just as if it were an organism
capable of transmission of effects or community of feelings. But
let our explanation stand for no more than it is worth, and be
considered as a word to those only who like to see, not merely
that the fact is so, but that besides being true, it is also not improbable.
Whatever be the hypothesis of the properties of drugs in infinitesimal doses, the fact remains the same, and Hahnemann has
the credit of testing pharmaceutical substances with a rigor of
which his predecessors had no conception. The vagueness of
medical practice disgusted him, offending intellect and conscience
alike, and for a time he retired from a profession in which he had
so little faith. His own discovery-that like is to be cured by
like-then came forth, and by an easy process the whole strangeness of homceopathy developed itself. The diminution of the
doses took place by degrees along a road of linked facts, in
which there was little room for fallacy: there is no case in inductive science in which experiment was more minutely perfect.
Cures followed, and have ever since followed, on a scale to which
the orthodox medicine was a stranger: the statistics of homceopathy, taken in government hospitals, and under military strictness, show a lessened mortality as compared with the tables of
its rival. And wherever it is fairly practiced, the same average
results occur; so that in spite of much opposition, it spreads from
the healed to the sick, and the rumor of its beneficence is stronger
with a sensible public than the diatribes of a very active and influential profession arrayed against it.
The practical blessings of the New Medicine are dependent, as
we conceive, firstly upon the science of correspondence, which
bringing poison and disease together with a completer fitness,
poisons the disease, and kills it; and secondly, upon the small
ness of the doses, or we would rather say, the use of the spirit
and not the body of the drugs; which use gains its cause not by




APPENDIX.                        63
destruction of our tissues, but by giving the body an attitude that
neutralizes the disease, and then itself ceases after a certain duration of effects.  Drugs given in the latter way are more like ideas
than material bodies, and when they have served their purpose,
they either vanish of themselves, or may be countermanded by
their appropriate antidotes.
I suppose it is impossible to overrate the consequences of
Hahnemann's life. Even the negative results are vast for our
future well-being. How different, for example, from  the pale
faces that we note in every street, will be those which belong
some day to undrugged generations! What vigor may we not expect from the later posterities of those who have not hurt mind
and body by supping on material poisons?  How much better
those childhoods will be, whose parents and grand-parents have
neither been bled nor salivated secundam artem, but who have kept
their own life current in their veins, and given it entire to their
race?  And on the positive side, what another gain it will be,
when hereditary maladies begin to be displaced, and the crust
that hides man drops down from  his skin by degrees! WVhat
virtues may we not expect, when with all higher helps to good,
the body itself seconds the monitions of the soul! What talents
also, and what happiness, when the frame is set in parallelism
with the order of things! For though we do not attribute everything to body, yet a sound body has consequences which make it
needful to speculate upon it in all views that concern the advancement of our species.
On the theoretical side, Hahnemann has approximated drughealing to the pure sciences; and by instituting experiments on
tihe healthy body, he has expanded the properties of each medicine to a human form of symptoms, naturally, by that form, applicable to man.  I think of m!edicines now as curative personalities,
who take our shape upon them to battle in us with our ills. The
testing of their characters is also capable of being carried to the
utmost exactitude; for drugs may be " proved" upon many persons in different places and at different times, and their symptoms
curtailed, sifted, and if we may use the phrase, pared and sculptured down, until only their essential and nude form  is left.
When we get these heroes on their feet, they, and not their discoverers, will be the great men of an ever-young physic.




64         WILKINSON  ON  HOM(EOPATHIY.
It is hard to imagine how any profession can disregard the
service that Halhnemann has begun, in the constitution of a
rational pharmacopoeia. When we look to what was known of
medicinal properties before his time, and then compare it with
the state in which he left the subject, the difference is like that
between light and darkness. No one had imagined that each
drug ran through the frame, and evoked fiesh symptoms from
organ after organ; nor indeed without the simrilia similibus
curantur would any application come from the fact. But it is an
attestation of that formula, that it leads to a knowledge of drugs
infinitely special and diversified compared with the science that
preceded it.
The number of superstitions also that Hahnemann slew, entitles him to the gratitude of all those who dislike to be frightened by unreal shapes which a strong man can walk through.
He made the true experiment of doing relatively nothing in medicine and found that it was abundantly successful and humane.
Purgatives were one nasty superstition which he banished.
Bleeding was another of these vampires. Long before we met
with homeopathy, we wondered why we bled our patients in
inflammations, according to the common practice, when yet the
attack struck in a moment, and there was no more blood in the
body after than before it occurred; and we thought that it was
but a wrong distribution which caused this rapid assault upon
life, and not a plethora of blood; and that skill would lie, not in
butchering the disease, but in restoring the harmony which was
lost. We had seen some of our best beloved friends sacrificed to
the murderous lancet, and our's was the hand which let out their
life-though under the legalizing sanction of the most accredited
physicians. Would that we could recall the dead; but they sleep
well! Who has not had similar experiences? And who, in the
long run, will not reproach himself, if he does not accede in an
inquiring spirit to the New Medicine, which has availed to exorcise this host of killing superstitions?
Among the other benefits of homceopathy, we reckon this also
-that it tends to make us think more worthily of our bodies. I
defy any man to be a physiologist who is in the habit of bleeding, purging, and poisoning the human frame. The body abhors
him, and dies rather than tell him its secrets. What idea can a




APPENDIX..                       65
man have of life, if he is accustomed to take blood, which is the
soul's house, in pint basins from the frame; and to think that he
is doing nothing extraordinary? What notion of living cause and
effect can any one entertain, if he deems that such an abstraction
of our essences can ever be recovered from so long as we are on
this side the grave? WVhat imagination can be felt of the music
of man, by one who orders purgative pills pro re nala to play
upon our intestine strings, in the delusion that their operation is
temporary, and confined to the first effects. I see in the whole
physiological science the large written evidence of these stupid
sanguinary methods; the doctrine has followed the works with a
vengeance, and the science has been purged and bled away until
nothing is left but chemical dust on the one hand, or germ-cells
on the other. This has gone so far that it is doubtful now,
whether the medical profession has any further power of pursuing human physiology; doubtful whether that great knowledge
must not pass to the laity and the gentiles, and become a nonmedical science. Certainly, the hands that have least been
crimsoned in the bowels of the living man, seem by nature most
fit to receive his tender and amazing secrets.
Another department also is that of mental effects, in which
homceopathy stands preeminent. If each drug evokes symptoms
throughout the body, it also effects the mind wherever it touches
the organs; and hence the new pharmacopoeia groups around it
mental and moral states so far as they depend upon the body.
In this respect homceopathy opens a field which was untouched
before, and includes the healing of moods, minds and tempers
under the action of medicines. How valuable this is as an acljunct;
of education, will suggest itself at once to all fathers and mothers;
and how new a power it is, those best know who have become
converts to hommceopathy after practicing the old system of
medicine.
It is, however, in the eradication of chronic diseases and hereditary taints, that homceopathy promises perhaps the greatest of its
benefits. On this subject the views of Hahnemann deserve the
attention of philanthropists of every degree, whilst at the same
time they are highly interesting to the medical philosopher. Nay,
there is a touch of the sublime about them, such as only comes
into the scientific spirit in its happiest moods. As Ilahnemann




66          WILKINSON  ON  HoM(EOPATHY.
teaches us of the trine contagions that have come down with
man from early days, we seem to hear echoes of every mythos
that has struck us with significance before, from the Parsee
dualism of Ahriman and Ormuzd, to the blue-white Hela of Scandinavian faith; nay also we are let into the understrata of that
evil which throws out sulphurs and geysers in the human and
inhuman worlds: and we cease to wonder'that no cure comes,
when the pit of disease is so deep. What a chasteness of genius
too in Hahnemann, that instead of swerving to speculation, he
forced these conceptions through the outlets of his method of
cure, and thought nothing sacred enough for his attention, but
the recovery of the body from its ancient pests.  If there be such
a thing as bodily disease distinct from  psychical, then he was
right in his devotion, and is rewarded already in contributing to
the whole sanity of his kind.
In a strictly medicinal point of view the Hahnemannian theory
of chronic disease comports with principles which are beginning
to be admitted on all hands. The multiplicity of diseases and
epidemics is suspected to be the mask of a unity of which socalled distinct maladies are but symptoms: just as on a large
range, different languages are but dialects of some common stem.
Whether Hahnemann has hit the central forms of malady of
which the rest are the procession, it would be presumptuous in
us to say; but at least he has put us upon the search, and indicated that the confirmation of what he has deemed, or the suggestion of something truer, will grow, as his own views did, out
of the bosom of practical healing. Moreover, his science of medicine has the advantage of springing fiom both the roots of
the past, for as we said before, it germinated from the scholastic side; and as it grew, it took in, Land retains, the traditional
medicine which is found among the people.  In fact, the hommeopathic law gives specific justification of the popular usage of
many herbs and simples, which accordingly now reappear as parts
of a scientific system, affording new evidence of the probability
that should be acceded to practices which are immemorial and of
world-wide acceptation. And in another respect it unites with
the instincts of animals, as well as with the pharmacy of the " old
wives," in prescribing simples and not compounds, in order that
pure operations may ensue, and causation or cure touch the
ailment with a finger-end of tact, and not with a rude indiscrimi




APPENDIX.                        67
nate hand of confusion. The hommeopathic law also accounts
for the cures that have taken place under the other practice, and
shows that they are owing to a latency of homoeopathy in the
common sense of its predecessor.
We are indeed convinced that the law of treating like with like,
is the one intellectual formula to which the healing art has attained.
Nevertheless, we do not assert that at a given time any art is
prepared to stake itself completely upon practice dictated by
science. The genius of man walks willingly with positive knowledge, but there come times and cases, when he fialls back upon
the unknown chaos, and trusts for instinctive revelations there.
We would not therefore cut connection with allopathy; because
there will be a certain number of instances where there is no
knowledge, and where chaos is a resource. When these arise, it
is a comfort that they can be committed to that respectable body,
the old medical profession, which to do it justice, has its own
stars in its own night. We think however that it is a mistake to
call its art, allopathy; it should be termed chaopalhy, because it
is without a formula, and welters down time by that set of falls
which are vulgarly known as good and bad luck.
Homceopathy requires many changes, and new brains of the
Hahnemannian order, before it will do itself justice according to
the conception of its founder. I know no set of problems which
would better repay severe thought founded upon observation,
than the properties of the drugs quoad the human body. It is
not routine practice, but penetrating investigation, which will
introduce the next highly necessary improvements. New views
of the human frame are requisite before the science of pathogenesy can attain to any degree of perfection. Among the first
of these, we reckon that natural pathogenesis which the powers
intrinsic to the body daily exercise upon it: viz., the powers of
the mind, soul, and the inner man. By eliciting this, we shall get
at the leading idea of pathogenesis, and also obtain rules for the
succession of symptoms and states as welling from a single fountain head. Otherwise, unless our eyes be thus armed by these
greater knowledges, the various symptoms that drugs evoke in
different parts of the frame, will seem to have no connection with
each other, and the memory will be unable to retain them, at the
same time that they will lie as so much incoherent dust in the




68         WILKINSON ON PATHOGENESIS.
way of the intellectual powers. The subject is so important that
we must take leave to illustrate our remarks in a few words.
If the effects of medicines should be decided upon the healthy
body, it will be conceded, that the knowledge of the healthy body
itself is the canvas upon which our medicinal science must be
drawn. But the body is tenanted by various lives, each of which
pervades it; and hence these also come to be the subject of any
physiological investigation which seeks wholeness as its aim. We
may liken the powers of man to drugs that produce symptoms
all through his frame. These symptoms are the basis of the
science of health, and of the corresponding art of healing. But
who has ever studied so much as one of them? Where is the
natural pathogenesy which is the foundation of the morbid pathogenesy in the body itself? It is not yet extant in science. But
we must strive after it, or verily we do not know the human
subject to whom medicine is to be applied. There is a brilliant
mine to be worked here, and one which in giving a deeper basis
to our art, will also constitute a knowledge of psychology such
as the world will be glad to receive.
In our Chapter on the Heart we took occasion to trace the
passion of Fear through some of its pathogenetic states. Let us
explain our present meaning by following some of the symptoms
of Grief in the same way. First, what is the index-symptom
here, of which the bodily state is the sequence? Weeping from
the eyes is the finger that points to all the other signs: the falling tear is the beginning of the propositions of grief. The voice
wails, and the sentences fall out of the mouth through plaintive
lowering cadences which end in sobs. The head is depressed,
and the hair weeps over the face. The chin falls, and the lips
melt as if they were big drops of sorrow; the saliva also trickles
forth as though the mouth cried. In children the mouth does
cry, and sobs, like tears of tone, roll heavily forth; the lungs
weep out both words and breaths. The blood and excretions are
wept away, and pallor and loss of bodily spirit are manifest; and
in long grief, the body itself pines or falls away. The arms hang
at the side, the knees totter as though they would trickle down,
and the frame droops with willowy sadness. In extreme effects,
no tears flow, but the spirit weeps itself out; just as in the last
cases of fear, the man runs away not outwardly but inwardly,




APPENDIX.                       69
Now the points to be noted in this slight outline of the pathogenesy of fear, are two-fold: in the first place, the mind, the
body and the organs are each affected in their own manner by
the emotion: in the second place, the cardinal phenomenon gives
the cue to the other signs, and we find that in grief the whole
man weeps. We have, therefore, the best known term of all to
interpret for us the kingdom of grief. The like is attainable with
regard to the bodily train that accompanies every other passion,
and in each case the head sign will run through the entire phenomena that belong to it. This is what we mean by the pathooenesy of the inner man.
Now apply this to the action of drugs, and observe that it demands two conditions, only one of which is at present fulfilled.
For not only are all the symptoms to be recorded and grouped
in their places round the organs, but a head symptom must be
found which is their common denominator; a principal fact from
which the remainder flow. When this is done, you will have in
your mind a portrait of the drug, as the painter has within him an
instinctive limnning of the faces of the intellects and passions; and
you will then become acquainted with your pharmacy, be enabled
to divine symptoms by insight without cumbersome catalogues
of them impossible to remember, and to apply them with something like genius to the moving facts of each case as it arises.
Until this be accomplished the heart of our drugs is unrevealed
to us. First, however, we repeat, it will be better to begin with
the study of the healthy body and mind, and with the effects of
healthy agents, not only because this is the presupposition of a
knowledge of diseased manifestations, but because the mind's
actions are so much more intelligible than those of drugs, and
the easiest lesson should be learned first. Afterwards, when we
have accustomed ourselves to the new mode of working, we may
approach the drug problems with a little more chance of success.