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JOHNA.SEAVERNS 
 
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 niF. KATHFR OF Tlii: TURK . 
 
 Henry Colirum, Publisher. Oreat MajlboTOu^h oLreet,164'0 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OP 
 
 THE BRITISH TURF, 
 
 FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT DAY. 
 
 BT 
 
 JAMES CHRISTIE WHYTE, Esq. 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 LONDON: 
 HENRY COLBURN, PUBLISHER, 
 
 GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET. 
 1840. 
 

 
TO THE NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN, 
 
 THE MEMBERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 JOCKEY CLUB AT NEWMARKET, 
 
 THESE VOLUMES ARE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 
 BY THEIR 
 
 MOST OBEDIENT, HUMBLE SERVANT^ 
 
 JAMES C. WHYTE, 
 
 London, July, 1840. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 For nearly a century and a half, the " Turf* 
 has formed a favourite amusement of " Kings, 
 Lords and Commons." 
 
 But it is not as an amusement only, that the 
 sports of the turf put in their claim to popu- 
 larity. To the excellence of the British horse, 
 originated and brought to perfection through the 
 instrumentality of these sports, may be ascribed 
 much of our superiority over other nations, both 
 in commerce and in war. It may be observed, in 
 evidence of this fact, that several foreign govern- 
 ments, fully alive to its importance, have for some 
 time past endeavoured to effect a similar object, 
 both by the formation of national studs, and the 
 importation of the best English blood horses. 
 The superior efficiency of our cavalry horses, is 
 
vm INTRODUCTION. 
 
 admitted on all hands to have ^' done the state 
 some service" in the well-contested battles of the 
 Peninsula, and finally, in the glorious fight at Wa- 
 terloo ; it is, therefore, rather to prove the beneficial 
 effect our improved breed of blood horses has had 
 upon the commercial interests of the country, that 
 we would address ourselves. 
 
 In order to do this, it is only necessary that 
 we contrast the mode of travelling before this im- 
 provement had taken place, or extended itself, with 
 that of the present day, Dashwood"^ observes : '' that 
 he is old enough to remember a certain west- 
 coach, (and he takes it for a fair average rate of 
 the travelling in those days), when it always took 
 ten, and sometimes twelve hours, to accomplish 
 its journey, fifty-seven miles, or thereabouts, from 
 yard to yard." Its present time is something 
 above six hours. In 1742, the single stage-coach 
 that travelled between London and Oxford, 
 began the journey at seven in the morning, and 
 did not reach its destination until the evening 
 of the following day, resting at High Wycombe 
 during the intervening night. The same journey 
 is now regularly performed in six hours. 
 
 Again, so late as in the summer of 1798, the 
 Telegraph, then considered a fast coach, left the 
 
 * A well-known writer on sporting subjects in the Old Sporting 
 Magazine, in an article on coaching, written in 1824. 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 town of Gosport at one o'clock in the morning, 
 and arrived at the Golden Cross, Charing Cross, 
 at eight in the evening ; thus occupying nineteen 
 hours in travelhng eighty miles ; being at the rate 
 of rather more than four miles an hour. This 
 journey is now performed in eight hours. 
 
 We are quite ready to admit, that this immense 
 change in the rate of travelling, viz. — from four 
 miles to ten in the hour ought to be — in a great 
 measure, laid to the account of the great im- 
 provement which has taken place in the state of 
 our turnpike roads, which in those days, but too 
 often merited the description given of that between 
 Preston and Wigan by Arthur Young, in his 
 Tour in the North of England," published in 
 1770.=^ 
 
 * " I know not," writes Mr. Young, *' in the whole range of lan- 
 guage, terms sufficiently expressive to describe this infernal road. 
 To look over a map, and perceive that it is a principal one, not only 
 to some towns, but even whole counties, one would naturally conclude 
 it to be, at least, decent ; but let me most seriously caution all tra- 
 vellers who may accidentally purpose to travel this terrible county, to 
 avoid it as they would the devil, for a thousand to one but they break 
 their necks or their limbs by overthrows or breakings down. They 
 will here meet ^vith ruts, which I actually measured, four feet deep, 
 and floating with mud, only from a wet summer ; what, therefore, 
 must it be after a winter ? The only mending it receives in places, is the 
 tumbling in loose stones, which serve no other purpose but joltmg the 
 carriage in a most intolerable manner. These are not merely opinions, 
 but facts, for I actually passed three carts broken down in these 
 eighteen miles of execrable memory." 
 
 ( c 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 While, however, we allow the present improved 
 roads their proper influence, we must maintain, 
 that without the corresponding improvement in 
 our breed of coach-horses, produced by the im- 
 portation of Eastern horses for racing purposes, and 
 which improvement, was brought to its present 
 perfection by the continuance of racing, the in- 
 crease in the rate of travelling would have been 
 trifling. It is, therefore, as having enabled us to 
 avail ourselves of the speed and lasting qualities 
 of a breed of horses far superior to the old, that 
 improved roads have conduced to form our present 
 rate of travelling, and they were accordingly in- 
 creased as this important result became further 
 developed and appreciated, in such a degree, that 
 in 1829, we find the turnpike-roads covered an ex- 
 tent of 24,541 miles. 
 
 How this important branch of national prospe- 
 rity will be afl'ected by the present rage for rail- 
 roads, must, at no distant day, form a most serious 
 subject for the investigation of the legislature. It 
 is true, that Dr. Mc. Culloch maintains, that al- 
 though railroads will cause the discontinuance of 
 horses upon the direct line, the increased general 
 traffic will make it necessary to employ as great a 
 number of horses as will be displaced. 
 
 Against this, however, we must oppose the fact, 
 that the opening of the railroad between Manchester 
 and Liverpool, a distance of Uttle more than thirty 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 miles, had the effect of dismissing from employ- 
 ment nearly 1000 horses. 
 
 But, as our present object is rather to explain 
 how great has been the influence of racing in 
 promoting commerce, and in forming and preserv- 
 ing our national habits, customs and manners, we 
 leave to others the defence of the vast interests 
 involved in turnpike trusts, as well as those of our 
 numerous and respectable coaching estabHsh- 
 ments, with their fellow-sufferers, the post-masters, 
 tradespeople, &c. 
 
 Can we, for a moment, lose sight of the impor- 
 tant fact, that it is to the residence of our nobilitv 
 in their ancient halls, and to the races and mag- 
 nificent hunting establishments they maintain or 
 largely contribute to, we are chiefly indebted for 
 that excellent tone which pervades the English 
 character, the good effects of which are visible 
 in every class, from the peer to the peasant. This 
 union between all ranks in this country, but 
 existing, more especially, among our rural popu- 
 lation, has long been at once the admiration and 
 envy of foreign powers ; some of whose most 
 eminent political writers^ have attributed the pre- 
 servation of our nobility and our institutions, to 
 this cause, when other countries were dissolving 
 under the awful crash of the first French revolu- 
 
 * Among others, Mr. Cooper, the celebrated American author. 
 
xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 tion, and the dreadful anarchy and warfare which 
 it, for years, created throughout the whole of 
 Europe. 
 
 Certain it is, that whenever danger from with- 
 out, or the attempts of anarchists at home, have 
 threatened this country, since the expulsion of 
 James II, the yeomanry have never failed to 
 throng to the national standard, under the guid- 
 ance of our nobility and landed gentry ; and 
 nothing can exceed the courage and good under- 
 standing with which both classes have acted on 
 such occasions. 
 
 But it is not only in this sense that the national 
 character is benefited. Our upper and middle 
 classes, shunning the frivolous pursuits of the 
 effeminate nobility of the continent, and following 
 manly exercises in the fresh air of their native plains, 
 hills and woods, invigorating both their minds and 
 bodies ; while their offspring, partaking these 
 effects, grow up bold and vigorous, for the defence 
 of their country, both by sea and land, and fitted 
 for all the active and laborious pursuits of life. 
 
 In addition to the vast sum of money which is 
 annually run for in stakes, plates, matches, &c., 
 a large amount is circulated by the breeders, and 
 more especially the owners, of race-horses,^ among 
 
 * In 1821, the number of race-horses in respect of which assessed 
 duties were charged amounted to 579; in 1833, to 1007. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XUl 
 
 farmers, tradespeople, and the lower classes, from 
 among whom, they draw their numerous grooms, 
 helpers, &c. Again, we must take into conside- 
 ration the money expended by the thousands who 
 annually frequent our numerous race- courses, to 
 enjoy the innocent and cheerful amusements of 
 the turf, in health and good fellowship. 
 
 In the literature of the country, the turf main- 
 tains two weekly newspapapers,^ four monthly 
 magazines, viz : — the Old Sporting Magazine, t 
 commenced in 1792 ; the New Sporting Maga- 
 zine,! started in 1824, by Nim South, a favourite 
 writer, for many years previously, in the Old Sport- 
 ing Magazine ; the Sporting Review, § edited by 
 Craven, who left the Old Magazine to begin this, 
 in 1837 ; and the Sportsman, || originated in 1829. 
 All these publications are got up in the best style, 
 with embellishments, and present to their nume- 
 rous readers, articles evincing much and varied 
 talent on every subject of sporting interest ; the 
 price of the three former being 2s. 6d. per number, 
 of that of the latter, only Is. 6d. 
 
 In addition to these, we have Weatherby's 
 
 * Bell's Life in London, published by the proprietor, Mr. Clement, 
 in the Strand, and the Sunday Times, published by John Kemble 
 Chapman, Fleet Street. 
 
 f Published by M. A. Pitman, Warwick Square, Newgate Street. 
 
 ^ Published by Spiers, Oxford Street. 
 
 § By Ackerman, Eclipse Sporting Gallery, Regent Street. 
 
 II By Rogerson, Norfolk Street, Strand. 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Racing Calendar, the Sportsman's Pocket Refe- 
 rence Book, the Turf Remembrancer, and two 
 sporting almanacs, all of which are published an- 
 nually. 
 
 In no other country in the world exists the same 
 encouragement for breeding and running race- 
 horses, in the number and value of the prizes 
 which tempt the amateur or follower of the 
 pursuits of the turf, on every side, in constant 
 succession. A few striking facts, at once show 
 this to be the case ; and are proud and convincing 
 evidence, at once, of the spirit of enterprize and 
 the great wealth and prosperity of the British nation. 
 In three starts, it is possible for a three-year-old 
 filly to win £11,000, and a colt of the same age, 
 nearly £9,000 ; and this, too, in the course of a few 
 successive months. "^ The total amount of money 
 run for in Great Britain and Ireland, over one 
 hundred and fifty-three different race-courses, in 
 the vear 1839, exceeded in value the enormous 
 sum of £143, 204. t In addition to which we 
 have to add the royal plates, shown in the fol- 
 lowing table. 
 
 * The Riddlesworth stakes, at Newmarket, the Derby and Oaks 
 stakes at Epsom, and the Doncaster St. Leger stakes, have amounted, 
 taken together, to these sums. The fact of colts not being allowed to 
 start for the Oaks, while filhes may run for both Derby and Oaks, 
 explains the difference in the above amounts. 
 
 t These amounts are as correct as we could obtain them, and are 
 certainly, if anything, rather under the amount than over. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 XV 
 
 Queen's Plates run for annually in Great Britain and 
 Ireland, in 54 races, at 37 different places. 
 
 Paid from the allowance of 
 
 
 Formerly paid from Scotch and 
 
 Irish 
 
 the Master of the Horse's de- 
 
 Paid from the Privy Purse. 
 
 Civil Lists— now voted annually. 
 
 
 partment. 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 1 Ascot Heath, grant- 
 
 1 Ascot Hunter's Plate 
 
 £ 
 
 s d 
 
 ed in 1826. 
 
 1785. 
 
 1 Royal Corporation, 
 
 
 
 2 Canterbury.* 
 
 2 Bedford. 
 
 County of Down. . 
 
 92 
 
 6 2 
 
 3 Carlisle, 1763. 
 
 3 Chester. 
 
 2 ,) j» 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 4 Chelmsford, 1770. 
 
 4 Goodwood. 
 
 3 Curragh of Kildare. 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 5 Doncaster.* 
 
 5 Hampton. 
 
 4 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 6 Guildford.* 
 
 6 Lancaster. 
 
 5 fj it 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 7 Ipswich.* 
 
 7 Leicester. 
 
 6 M i» 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 8 Lewes.* 
 
 8 Liverpool. 
 
 4 9> t9 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 9 Lincoln.* 
 
 9 Northampton. 
 
 8 »» » 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 10 Lichfield.* 
 
 10 Shrewsbury. 
 
 y >» >> 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 11 Manchester, 1823. 
 
 1 1 Curragh of Kildare, 
 
 10 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 12 Newcastle.* 
 
 whip and 100 gs. 
 
 11 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 13 Newmarket.* 
 
 12 Ascot Echpse, foot 
 
 12 ,i it 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 14 Ditto.* 
 
 and 200 sovs. 
 
 13 „ „ 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 15 Ditto.* 
 
 13 Brighton cup lOOgs. 
 
 14 Belle wstown. 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 16 Nottingham. 
 
 14 Guernsey ditto, £30. 
 
 15 Londonderr}\ 
 
 106 
 
 4 
 
 17 Richmond and York 
 
 
 16 Edinburgh. 
 
 98 
 
 12 6 
 
 alternately. 
 18 Salisbury.* 
 
 11 Plates at lOol. 1155 
 Brighton cup. . 105 
 
 17 Caledonian Hunt. 
 
 98 
 
 12 6 
 
 
 
 
 19 Warwick, 1789. 
 
 Echpse foot, &c. 200 
 
 £1771 
 
 11 2 
 
 20 Weymouth, 1825. 
 
 Guernsey cup. . 30 
 
 
 
 
 21 Winchester.* 
 
 
 
 
 
 22 York.* 
 
 £1490 
 
 
 
 
 22 Plates at 
 
 
 
 
 
 £105 each, £2,310. 
 
 
 
 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 
 
 Master of the Horse's department. . 2310 
 
 
 
 Privy Purse. 1490 
 
 
 
 Voted annually. 
 
 . 1771 11 2 
 
 
 
 
 £5571 11 2 
 
 N.B. — All those plates marked * were granted before 1760. 
 
 
 
 Having endeavoured to show the importance of 
 the Turf as conducive to our national prosperity, 
 we may be permitted to remark upon that intole- 
 rant spirit, which has urged on a numerous band 
 
xvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of opponents to endeavour to put down the amuse- 
 ment of racing, and who do not scruple to resort 
 to the most wilful misrepresentations to effect their 
 object. A writer^ belonging to this class, only 
 recently travelled out of his way, and treated the 
 public with a chapter on the Turf, written in that 
 spirit of hostiUty, on " rehgious grounds," which 
 Pope so admirably censures in the following lines : 
 
 *^ For virtue's self may too much zeal be had, 
 The worst of madmen is a saint run mad." 
 
 We are far from wishing to interfere with the 
 Unknown Tongues , the Revivals, the Praying in the 
 Highways y and other similar enjoyments of these 
 w'orthy people. Those who think that the Being, 
 who loves his creatures to a degree beyond the 
 power of human conception, delights in their 
 misery, may be as wretched as they please, and 
 live in the full indulgence of sighs and tears and 
 groans. We only ask in return toleration for 
 those of a different opinion. This, however, they 
 appear unwilling to grant, and accordingly grum- 
 ble at the least appearance of innocent mirth and 
 enjoyment among their neighbours, w^hether pursued 
 within or without doors, on the grounds that all 
 public amusements have an immoral tendency. 
 
 It is not when the mechanic or labouring man 
 enjoys recreation in public, in the society of his 
 
 * Grant's Travel's in London. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xvii 
 
 wife and family, that he gives way to the 
 indulgence of drinking. On the contrary 
 the amusement (of whatever nature) passing 
 before him, occupies his mind and withdraws 
 his thoughts from less innocent gratification. 
 Among continental nations, where intoxicating 
 liquors can be obtained at the most trifling ex- 
 pense, we find the vice of drunkenness almost un- 
 known, even among the very lowest classes ; and 
 this is accounted for, chiefly by the numerous 
 places of cheap public amusements, which every 
 where abound, were the mechanic passes his even- 
 ing with his family or friends, and at which the 
 presence of modest females of his own class, gives 
 a proper tone to society; *' emoUit mores et non 
 sinit esse foeros." 
 
 Such is the perverseness of our saints in this 
 respect, that so far from encouraging similar places 
 of harmless entertainment they either obstinately 
 refuse, or do all they can to prevent the obtaining 
 of music and dancing licences to public houses, 
 and thus drive the poor man to the monotonous 
 solitude of the tap-room, or to the vitiated society 
 of its frequenters, when in either case drinking 
 forms his only resource. 
 
 The following just observations of our late re- 
 vered monarch, on the subject of racing, cannot be 
 too generally known. 
 
 When, in 1836, on a deputation from the town 
 
xviil INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ofEgham waiting on William IV, to express their 
 thanks for His Majesty's munificent gift of a free 
 plate of 100 gs. His Majesty made the following 
 gracious reply to the deputation : — ** I feel most 
 deeply the dutiful attention that induced this ac- 
 knowledgement of an act, prompted, on my part, 
 by a desire to show that I am sensible of the mu- 
 nificence and loyalty of a parliament and a people 
 that have, not only enabled me to possess as a re- 
 sidence that ancient and magnificent castle — the 
 pride of Jlnglishmen and envy of foreigners — but 
 to follow the dictates of my heart in furthering 
 the wishes and promoting the happiness of every 
 class of my people, whether of the gentleman of 
 large fortune, or of that class," looking towards 
 the inhabitants ofEgham, *' which I always con- 
 sider as forming that most important connecting 
 link in a chain, that binds the heart of a sovereign 
 to the interests and enjoyments of his people. I 
 consider this to be a national sport — the manly 
 and noble sport of a free people ; and I deeply feel 
 the pride of being able to encourage these pas- 
 times, so intimately connected with the habits and 
 feelings of this free country. I cannot help ad- 
 verting to the spot on which we are now assem- 
 bled to enjoy an amusement so truly national — a 
 spot which derives such a peculiar claim to our 
 veneration from the circumstance, that here arose 
 that first dawning of liberty so dear to my heart — 
 
INTRODUCTION. XIX 
 
 SO dear to the hearts of every one of my people. 
 Neither I nor anybody can be present without call- 
 ing to mind, that here it was that our liberties were 
 obtained and for ever secured, and that we are 
 here to enjoy those liberties and sports which I 
 will, with my utmost power, ever protect and fos- 
 ter^ and, in so doing, never lose sight of the wel- 
 fare and enjoyment of every clasr of my people, 
 from the highest to the lowest." 
 
 We have endeavoured, in these volumes, to give 
 all the most useful and interesting facts and infor- 
 mation connected with the Turf, from its earliest 
 origin, and which now only exist in so dispersed 
 and broken a form, as to be utterly useless to 
 general readers, and difficult of access even to the 
 few whom curiosity might induce to take the 
 trouble, and be at the expense of particular in- 
 quiry. 
 
 At the same time that the reader has before 
 him, the performances, pedigrees, weights, &c. 
 of the celebrated horses of the last century, he will 
 find those of the most modern date, and thus be 
 enabled to draw his own comparison between 
 them. 
 
 As a book of reference, we ^flatter ourselves, he 
 will find in our pages, every description of infor- 
 mation as to facts which he may require, con- 
 nected with racing. On every point we have con- 
 stantly referred, at the expense of much time and 
 labour, to the best authorities, and where an event 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 has appeared doubtful, we have so expressed our- 
 selves, and given our authority. 
 
 In conclusion, we claim the indulgence of our 
 readers for any inaccuracies we may have fallen 
 into, and which it is extremely difficult to avoid in 
 a work of this description. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FIRST VOLUME. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Page 
 
 Introduction — Early history of the Horse . . .1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Early history of the horse and horse-racing in Great Britain — 
 Brief review of the most remarkable writers on the science of 
 horses and horsemanship . . . . . .17 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 On the Arabian and other Eastern horses . . .43 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Arabian, Turkish, Barb, and Persian horses imported mto 
 Great Britain . . . . . -71 
 
 CHAPTERV. 
 
 Zoological Classification of the Horse — Its external structure — 
 Teeth, &c.— Size, Formation, Colour, Speed, &c., of the tho- 
 rough-bred Horse . . . . . .94 
 
Xxii CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTERVI. 
 
 Page 
 
 Rules concerning Horse-racing in general — Rules and orders of 
 the Jockey Club— Admission of New Members of the Jockey 
 Club — Rules for the Rooms— Nominations, &c. — Present 
 Members of the Jockey Club— Adjudged Cases — The Law of 
 Horse-racing, and of Wagers thereon — Colours at present worn 
 by the Riders ...... 139 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Race-courses in Great Britian and Ireland— The various 
 Stakes run for over each annually, with many others particulars 
 of interest to the British Sportman . . . .187 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Earliest Racing Calendar — Tregonwell Frampton, Esq., Father of 
 the British Turf — Amusing Anecdote of — Origin of the dif- 
 ferent meetings at Newmarket — Royal Plates, &c. — Extract 
 from a curious work on racing published in the reign of 
 Charles II. ...... . 385 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Pedigrees and Performances of the most celebrated race-horses 
 from Basto in 1703 up to Marske, (sire of Eclipse) in 1750, &c. 
 &c. — Basto — Old Scar — Bay Bolton — Lamprie — Brocklesby 
 Betty — Molly — Buck-hunter — Fox — Flying Childers — Bonny 
 Black — Bartlett's Childers— Squirrel — Miss Neesham — Old 
 Cartouch — Mr. Calvert's wager — Bald Charlotte — Crab — 
 Hobgoblin — Fearnought — Starling — Partner — Young Car- 
 touch — Little Partner — Miss Layton — Lath — Spanking Roger 
 — Second — Volunteer — All the horses "distanced in a race at 
 
CONTENTS. xxiii 
 
 Page 
 
 Maldon in 1738 — Torismond — Moorcock — Babram — Little 
 Driver — Silver Leg — Othello — Sampson — Mr. Cooper Thorn- 
 hill's match against time, 213 miles in 11 hours, 33 minutes 
 and 52 seconds — Match'em — Brilliant — Forester. . . 410 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 1750 to 1754 — Marske (sire of Eclipse) — Snap— Syphon— Cruel 
 match between Crop and Mr. Harrison's roan horse — ^The Earl 
 of March's celebrated chaise match at Newmarket — Careless — 
 Dainty Davy — Lottery — Spider — Match between Skewball and 
 Miss Sportly on the Curragh of Kildare — Extraordinary per- 
 formance of Mr. Spelding's mare on the Curragh — Sir Charles 
 Turner's match against time — 300 miles in 64 hours, and 20 
 minutes, by Mr. Croker's mare. .... 460 
 
 CHAPTER XL 
 
 1754 to 1764 — Squirrel — Engineer — Miss Pond's match at New- 
 market, 1,000 miles, in 1,000 successive hours — King Herod — 
 Mr. Jenison Shafto's match at Newmarket, 50 miles in two 
 hours — Gimcrack —Bay Malton — Mr. John Woodcock's extra- 
 ordinary performance at Ne^vmarket, 100 miles a-day, (on any 
 one horse each day), for 29 successive days, for 2,000 gs. . 492 
 
 CHAPTER XH. 
 
 The celebrated race-horse. Eclipse. . . . .515 
 
 CHAPTER XHL 
 
 Pedigrees and performances of the most celebrated race-horses, 
 &c., continued from 1764 to the period of the establishment of 
 the Great St. Leger Stakes at Doncaster, 1 717 — Goldfinder — 
 Cicero — Forester— Paymaster — Solon — Trentham — Mark An- 
 
Xxiv CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 thony - Mambrino - Sweet-William - Firetail - Johnny- 
 Pumpkin-Sweetbriar-Shark-Young Marske-Donmont- 
 Pot-8o's-HigMyer-HoUandoise, the first winner of the St. 
 Leger. . . , • 
 
LIST 
 
 OF 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 VOL I. 
 
 Page 
 
 TregonweU Frampton, Esq., (the Father of the Turf.) Frontispiece. 
 
 Old English Horse ^^ 
 
 Horse of the time of Charles I ^^ 
 
 The Arabian Horse ^^ 
 
 The Godolphin Barb ^^ 
 
 Flying Childers .102 
 
 Skeleton of the Horse ^^^ 
 
 Horse's Teeth ^^^ 
 
 Earl of March's Carriage ^^^ 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 The Queen at Ascot, 1840 Frontispiece. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 BRITISH TURF. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Introduction— Early history of the Horse. 
 
 BuFFON observes of the horse, that it ranks 
 in the first scale of excellence of all animals 
 coming under the denomination of cattle, — pos- 
 sessing a grandeur of stature, an elegance and 
 proportion of parts, superior to other quadrupeds. 
 Endowed with a form and sagacity eminently- 
 adapted for the use of man, the domestication of 
 the horse forms one of the most valuable acqui- 
 sitions made from the animal kingdom. The 
 chisel and the pencil of the artist have, from the 
 remotest antiquity, combined with the pen of the 
 poet, to embody his beauties and attributes, to 
 
 VOL. I. B 
 
2 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 adorn their works ; and we cannot do better 
 than give the following pre-eminently poetical 
 description of this noble animal in his compara- 
 tively wild state, as an introduction to the his- 
 tory of his highest cultivated excellence. The 
 earliest passage we meet with in the works of 
 the writers of antiquity, in which the horse is 
 brought forward with the fire of inspired genius, 
 we find in the 39th chapter, and from the 19th 
 to the 25th verse, of the Book of Job. It is 
 in the following words : 
 
 '' Hast thou given the horse strength ? Hast 
 thou clothed his neck with thunder ?^ 
 
 *' Canst thou make him afraid as a grass- 
 hopper ? The glory of his nostrils is terrible. 
 
 * We find the following' note in Berenger's Horsemanship, vol.i. 
 p. 12. on the use of the word thunder in the above quotation. 
 
 *' In this enumeration of the beauties and noble qualities of the 
 
 horse, it should be remarked that the English translators make Job 
 
 say that the animal's neck is clothed with thunder, an expression 
 
 as false as it is absurd. The true rendering of this passage is, 
 
 that his neck is clothed with a mane; thus Bochart, Le Clerc 
 
 Patrick, and other commentators translate it. Bochart says that 
 
 the word which in Hebrew signifies thunder is synonimous for 
 
 the mane of a horse ; but this being so, it is astonishing that the 
 
 translator should have set aside the just and natural signification, 
 
 and have chosen to cover the horse's neck with thunder instead of 
 
 a mane; nor is it less amazing that this nonsense should have been 
 
 extolled by the author of the Guardian, [Guardian, vol. ii. p. 26.] 
 
 and others as an instance of the subhrae." 
 
BRITISH TURF. 3 
 
 ** He paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his 
 strength ; he goeth on to meet the armed men. 
 
 ** He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted, 
 neither turneth he back from the sword. 
 
 *' The quiver rattleth against him, the glittering 
 spear and the shield. 
 
 '' He swalloweth the ground with fierceness 
 and rage, neither believeth he that it is the 
 sound of the trumpet. 
 
 '*He saith among the trumpets Ha, Ha, and 
 he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of 
 the captains and the shouting.""^ 
 
 Again Homer, in the 6th book of the Iliad, 
 has the following beautiful simile : 
 
 The wanton courser thus with reins unbound. 
 
 Breaks from his stall, and beats the trembhng ground ; 
 
 Pampered and proud he seeks the wonted tides, 
 
 * The Rev. Dr. Scot gives the following translation of the above 
 passage, which he considers incorrectly rendered in the common 
 version : 
 
 " Hast thou given spirit to the horse ? Hast thou clothed his 
 neck with a mane ? Canst thou make him bound as a locust ? 
 The majesty of his snorting is terrible. He paweth in the valleys 
 and exulteth ; he goeth on to meet the armed men. He mocketh 
 at fear and trembleth not ; nor turneth he back from the sword. 
 Against him rattleth the quiver, the glittering spear and shield. 
 He devours the ground with fierceness and rage, and is impatient 
 when the trumpet soundeth. He uttereth among the trumpets 
 Ha ! Ha ! He smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the 
 captains and the shouting." 
 
 b2 
 
4 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 And laves in height of blood his shining sides ; 
 His head, now freed, he tosses to the skies. 
 His mane dishevel'd o'er his shoulders flies ; 
 He snuffs the females in the distant plain, 
 And springs exulting to his fields again/* 
 
 And Virgil, in the 6th book of the JEneid, 
 nearly equals his great master in the following 
 lines : 
 
 So joys the steed when bursting from his bounds. 
 And flies impetuous o'er opposing mounds ; 
 Seeks female herds, or in the well-known flood 
 Bathes his bright sides to cool his fiery blood. 
 He neighs, and rears his lofty neck ; behind 
 His spreading mane, on either side reclined. 
 Luxuriant flows and wantons in the wind.'* 
 
 Many of the early writers on the horse have 
 entered into much controversy and research, for 
 the purpose of demonstrating the exact period 
 when this noblest and most useful auxiliary to 
 man among animals, first became subject to 
 his dominion ; but always without success. 
 The impossibility of penetrating the obscurity 
 which envelopes the earliest ages of mankind 
 must ever prevent us from arriving at accurate 
 data on that point. But with the aid of those 
 authorities we possess, we may attain all that is 
 useful, as well as much that is curious, in the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 early history of the subjugation of the horse to 
 the uses of man. 
 
 Created, as the sacred volume informs us, 
 before man, we have httle doubt he inhabited, 
 with his future master, the fertile nursery as- 
 signed him by the Almighty in the East ; where, 
 being brought in almost constant contact with 
 each other, it is highly probable that but a brief 
 period elapsed before man availed himself of the 
 services of an animal so obviously fitted by na- 
 ture to his use. 
 
 The earliest mention of horsemanship on 
 record, we find in the Bible, where, in the 50th 
 chapter of Genesis, verse 9, horsemen are 
 named as forming part of the funeral procession 
 of Jacob; and again, in the 14th chapter of 
 Exodus, verse 9, horsemen are enumerated 
 among the troops with which Pharoah chased 
 the Israehtes on their departure from Egypt. 
 
 Homer, who is generally supposed to have 
 been cotemporary with Joshua, frequently dwells 
 on the beauty of the horses which drew the cha- 
 riots of his heroes, although it may be remark- 
 ed, as a singular fact, that he makes but two 
 references to horse riding in his great poem the 
 lUad, and but one in the Odyssey. The first in 
 the Iliad (K 513) is where Ulysses andDiomede, 
 having stolen the horses of Rhesus without the 
 
6 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 chariot, mount and gallop them to the Grecian 
 camp. That in the Odyssey (E 371) is in des- 
 cribing Ulysses after his shipwreck, as bestriding 
 a beam of wood among the waves, in the atti- 
 tude of a man on horseback — 
 
 Ittttov iXocvvoou — 
 
 a passage the exact meaning of which is pre- 
 served in none of the published translations. 
 
 Again in a metaphor in the 1 5th book of the 
 IHad: 
 
 ** So when a horseman, from the watery mead, 
 (Skill'd in the manage of the bounding steed) 
 Drives four fair coursers, practised to obey. 
 To some great city, through the pubhc way ; 
 Safe in his art, as side by side they run. 
 He shifts his seat, and vaults from one to one ; 
 And now to this and now to that he flies ; 
 Admiring numbers follow vnth their eyes." 
 
 Virgil, in his 3rd Georgic, attributes the 
 first breaking of horses for riding to the Lapitse, 
 thus translated by Dryden : 
 
 " Bold Erichthonieus was the first who joined 
 Four horses for the rapid race design'd. 
 And o'er the dusty wheels presiding sat : 
 The Lapitse to chariots add the state 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 \ 
 
 Of bits and bridles ; taught the steed to bound. 
 To run the ring, and trace the airy round ; 
 To stop, to fly, the rules of war to know, 
 T' obey the rider, and to dare the foe." 
 
 Strabo asserts that the Medes, Persians, and 
 Armenians were the first that broke in the 
 horse to the saddle ; and when we call to mind, 
 that in all probability the fertile plains between 
 the Tigris and Euphrates were the early nursery 
 of this noble animal, this opinion would appear 
 the most correct. 
 
 However this may be, from the records of the 
 Old Testament, we are able to ascertain the 
 exact period when, in Egypt and Canaan, this 
 animal began to be domesticated. 1920 years 
 before Christ, when Abraham was driven into 
 Egypt by the famine which raged in Canaan, 
 Pharoah offered him sheep and oxen, and asses 
 and camels ; and doubtless horses would have 
 been added, had they at that time been domes- 
 ticated in Egypt. 
 
 Taking the period during which Joseph served 
 the Egyptian monarch, as that during which the 
 horse became the servant of ma^ in Egypt, this 
 event would appear to have taken place about 
 1740 years before Christ; and 1450 years be- 
 fore the Christian era the horse was so far natu- 
 raUzed in Greece, that at the Olympic games 
 
8 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 then instituted, both chariot and horse races 
 were included. 
 
 The natives of Canaan are spoken of in the 
 11th chapter of Joshua, (1420 before Christ,) 
 and again in Judges, (1250 before Christ,) as 
 having used great numbers of horses in battle ; 
 but the Israelites, partly that their leaders 
 might keep their nation distinct from the sur- 
 rounding heathens, and partly from making 
 their strongholds among the mountains, made 
 no great use of cavalry in war. A passage in 
 Deuteronomy, (chapter XVII, verse 16) — *' But 
 whoever shall be king of Israel shall not mul- 
 tiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to 
 return to Egypt, to the end that he should mul- 
 tiply horses" — proves that, although perhaps 
 not the original domesticators of the horse, the 
 Egyptians, in every respect undoubtedly the 
 most civilized people of that age, were then 
 famous for breeding horses. 
 
 Modern authors have been generally induced 
 to adopt the opinion of BufFon, who held the 
 horse to be indigenous to Arabia ; but we find 
 this position in direct opposition to the authority 
 of the sacred writings. About 1095 years be- 
 fore Christ, when Saul, king of Israel, led his 
 army against the tribes of Arabia, we find no 
 mention of horses amongst his plunder, although 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 camels, oxen, sheep, and asses are particularly 
 enumerated. Even at the time when Jeru- 
 salem was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, the 
 Arabians serving in the host of that conqueror 
 appear to have derived their horses from the 
 plains of Mesopotamia.^ The nature of the 
 country, moreover, is in favor of this scriptural 
 evidence. The scanty herbage of its desert 
 plains affords no facility for the breeding and 
 rearing of horses ; and it appears more probable 
 that the Arabian horse, and in like manner the 
 thorough bred horse in our native country, are 
 indebted, chiefly if not entirely, to the great 
 skill and constant attention of their breeders, 
 for the just celebrity which they have attained. 
 
 The horse formed a prominent feature in the 
 fabulous, but in many instances beautiful, tales 
 of the heathen mythology. Neptune, we are 
 told, created the horse, by striking the earth 
 with his trident ; and Pluto carried off Proser- 
 pine in a chariot drawn by four horses, whose 
 names are given in these records of superstition. 
 
 * The 2nd Chronicles, chap, ix, which alludes to King Solomon 
 obtaining gold and silver from that country, while it informs us 
 that they brought unto Solomon horses out of Egypt and out of 
 all lands, makes no express mention of Arabia ; which would 
 scarcely have been the case, had they come originally from that 
 part of Asia 
 
10 t HISTORY OF THE 
 
 In Ovid's beautiful fable of Phaeton, a descrip- 
 tion is given of the horses which were supposed 
 to draw the chariot of the sun, and which we 
 find thus alluded to by our own immortal bard : 
 
 *' Gallop apace, ye fiery-footed steeds. 
 To Phoebus mansion ; such a waggoner 
 As Phaeton would whip you to the west. 
 And bring in cloudy night immediately."* 
 
 The goddess Aurora is represented, by the an- 
 cient poets, drawn in a rose coloured chariot by 
 milk white horses, and preceding the sun at his 
 rising. It was one of the labours of Hercules to 
 destroy Diomedes, king of Thrace, a tyrant who 
 is said to have fed his horses on human flesh. 
 Mars, the god of war, was generally represented 
 as riding in a chariot, drawn by furious horses, 
 named Flight and Terror ; and horses were 
 offered up on his altars, to propitiate his warlike 
 spirit. The origin of the Centaurs, half man 
 half horse — a favourite fable of the ancients, 
 some of whom, as Plutarch and even Pliny, 
 have actually maintained that these monsters 
 existed — is thus given by Palsephatus, in his 
 book, De Incredibilibus Historiis. This author 
 relates, that in the reign of Ixion, king of Thes- 
 
 * Romeo and Juliet, Act III, scene 2 
 
BRITISH TURF. 11 
 
 saly, a herd of mad bulls descended from Mount 
 Pelion, and ravaged the whole neighbouring 
 country. In consequence of a large reward 
 being offered by Ixion for the destruction of the 
 bulls, certain adventurous young men turned 
 their attention to the training of horses for the 
 saddle ; before that time they having been only 
 used in chariots. These men having attacked 
 the bulls on horseback, and cleared the country 
 of them, soon became insolent, ravaged the 
 plains of Thessaly, and even attacked Ixion 
 himself. At their departure from these frays, 
 the ignorant Lapitse, as the inhabitants of that 
 part of the country were called, seeing only 
 the tails of the horses and the heads of the men, 
 took them for monsters, half man half horse. 
 
 Having given these as forming the earliest 
 records on the subject of horsemanship, men- 
 tioned in the best authorities of sacred and pro- 
 fane history, we will proceed to notice the first 
 introduction of horse-racing, which took place 
 at a very early period among the Greeks. 
 Here we must be understood as not referring to 
 chariot racing, — which already, in the time of 
 Homer, formed a prominent feature among the 
 games of the Greeks, upon all solemn festivals 
 and occasions, — but to the establishment of races 
 between horses ridden by men. 
 
12 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 That the utility of pubhc horse-racing was 
 understood and appreciated by the Greeks, is 
 sufficiently evident by the introduction of horse- 
 racing among the Olympian games, which were 
 held at Elis every four years, about the time of 
 the 24th Olympiad ; and it is a curious fact, that 
 at the 71st Olympiad, such progress had been 
 made in these races, that besides prizes insti- 
 tuted for aged horses, we find a race formed 
 for mares only, called Calpe, much on the same 
 principle as the Oaks of the present day. 
 
 The Olympian Hippodrome at Elis, where 
 these races were held, is thus described by 
 Pausanias : '' This course was divided into two 
 parts ; the stadium for foot races and athletic 
 exercises ; the hippodromus, as the name im- 
 plies, for equestrian trials. The barrier, or 
 starting post, was in the shape of the prow of a 
 ship, with the beak towards the course ; and 
 towards the other side, at which it became 
 broader, it was connected with the portico 
 Agnamptus, as it was called, from the name 
 of its architect. A bar appears to have 
 stretched across the course at the extremity 
 of the beak, and upon this was fixed a 
 brazen dolphin. The space on either side 
 the beak extended 400 feet in length, and in 
 it were various stands, both for horses and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 13 
 
 chariots, distributed by lot to the competitors ; 
 in front of these was suspended a rope. About 
 the middle of the prow stood an altar of unburnt 
 brick, which was fresh plastered at every re- 
 newal of the games. Upon it was a brazen 
 eagle, with outspread wings, w^hich at a parti- 
 cular time, worked by some ingenious ma- 
 chinery, flew upwards, while the dolphin before 
 mentioned sank below. At this moment the 
 barriers were let down, and the horses and cha- 
 riots moved forward from their particular stands, 
 according to the order of their lot, till they were 
 ranged in an even line at the point of the beak ; 
 the race then began. One side of the course 
 stretched along a hill ; the other, which was the 
 larger of the two, was formed by a cause- 
 way." 
 
 '' We will here relate an anecdote of a mare 
 called Aura, the property of one Phidolas, a 
 Corinthian, which threw her jockey in the race, 
 but continued her course as if he had kept his 
 seat, increasing her pace at the sound of the 
 trumpet, which was used as the signal of the 
 coming in, and having been first at the winning 
 goal, presented herself to the judges, as if con- 
 scious of having won. The Elians declared her 
 the wanner, contrary to the present custom in 
 such cases. These judges, called Hallanodics, 
 
14 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 regulated all matters at Olympia, exercising a 
 
 « 
 
 power which would not be relished at the pre- 
 sent day ; for we find them not only excluding 
 from the games, and imposing fines upon, such 
 as were convicted of fraud, but even inflicting 
 upon them bodily correction. 
 
 Having sufficiently shown the origin and pro- 
 gress of horsemanship and racing among the 
 ancients, at least as far as we are borne out by 
 creditable authorities, and as the limits of this 
 work will allow, we w^ill now conclude this in- 
 troductory chapter by a glance at Zenophon's 
 IIEPI inniKHS, CDe EquitatuJ the earliest known 
 work among the Greeks, or in fact, among the 
 ancients ; for although the breeding and training 
 of horses must have been cultivated, both by the 
 Romans, and by those warlike nations of the 
 north of Europe who at length subverted the 
 Roman empire, no waiters on these subjects, if 
 any did exist, have descended to us ; whatever 
 knowledge was attained in those days has pe- 
 rished with them ; and after Zenophon we have 
 no writers on horsemanship until the beginning 
 of the sixteenth century. 
 
 Not only is the work of Zenophon deserving 
 of attention on account of its antiquity, but the 
 reader will be surprised to find how superior it 
 is, in almost every respect, to nearly all the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 15 
 
 works on the same subject which have followed 
 it, up to the eighteenth century. 
 
 Zenophon refers to a previous work by Simon 
 of ^gina, but of which nothing is now known,- — 
 a matter of little consequence, as Zenophon pro- 
 fesses to give all the passages in it that are worthy 
 of notice. He commences with instructions to a 
 purchaser, in which he recommends especial 
 attention to the legs and hoofs. He then parti- 
 cularly commends the use of gentleness in 
 breaking in and training ; in which respect he 
 differs from most of the later writers, great vio- 
 lence being the practice they generally advise. 
 He then proceeds to refer to the teeth, as a 
 sure criterion of a horse's age. His instruc- 
 tions for stabling, feeding, and exercise, show 
 much judgment ; and among other things, he 
 recommends that an outer court should be 
 strewed with small round stones, confined by an 
 iron rim, so that by constant treading upon 
 these, the hoofs may acquire hardness ; — a fact 
 well worthy of remark, as it proves that at this 
 period the Greek horses were not shod. 
 
 His duties of a groom being curious, we will 
 briefly describe them. They are, to know how 
 to fasten a horse properly to his manger, to 
 keep the stalls clean, to curry the body, and 
 wash the head, mane, and tail. The legs are 
 
16 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 not to be washed, as he fancies damp softens 
 the hoof, and also that it is so much labour lost, 
 as they so soon become dirty again ! At- 
 tention is particularly enjoined in keeping the 
 heels clean, — a most salutary recommendation. 
 Among those precepts most worthy of being 
 follov/ed, is that in which he advises the groom 
 never to be angry with the horse ; but if a horse 
 is startled at any thing, he is to be gently led up 
 to it, and the rider is to handle it before him. 
 Blows are on no account to be given, as the 
 horse in such cases lays them to the account of 
 the object by which it has been terrified. 
 
 The remainder of his work is devoted to 
 directions to the rider, as to the proper manage- 
 ment of his horse in leaping, public shows, and 
 war. 
 
 His other work inriAPXIKOS, containing in- 
 structions to his son Gryllus, relates entirely to 
 military horsemanship. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 17 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Early history of the horse and horse-racing in Great Britain — 
 Brief review of the most remark ble writers on the science of 
 horses and horsemanship. 
 
 If, in the absence of any authority as to the 
 exact period when horses were first brought into 
 this country, we might hazard an opinion, we 
 should feel inclined to fix it as coeval with, or 
 at least as immediately following, the coloniza- 
 tion of the Island. 
 
 Emigrating, as the first settlers did, from the 
 opposite coast of Gaul, where, in common with 
 all the other barbarian nations of the North and 
 "West of Europe, they must have been much 
 accustomed to the use of horses, it seems natu- 
 ral that, feeling early the want of them in their 
 newly-adopted country, their immediate efforts 
 would be directed to obtain them ; and we think 
 it far more probable that they should have 
 brought them over on rafts, from the opposite 
 
 VOL. I. c 
 
18 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 continent, during the finest days of summer, 
 than that they should have been imported by 
 the Phoenicians, who frequented the island at a 
 very early period, for the purpose of trade. 
 
 However this may be, we find on Csesar's in- 
 vasion of Great Britain, that the landing of the 
 Roman troops was opposed by immense bodies 
 of horsemen, besides chariots and infantry ; and 
 as the fact is well established by the testimony 
 of many Roman historians, we are bound to 
 take it in preference to what is 'advanced by 
 Bede, who assigns the year 631, in the reign of 
 Edwin the Great, as the earliest period at which 
 the English began to use saddle horses. 
 
 That horses were introduced into Britain 
 many years before its invasion by the Romans, 
 would further appear from the immense number 
 used by the Britons against their invaders ; as 
 we find Casibelanus, King of Trinobantes, of 
 which people Canterbury was the capital, har- 
 rassing the march of the Romans with 4000 
 chariots. 
 
 We will now endeavour to trace our subject 
 through the obscurity of the middle ages, until 
 we arrive at what may be considered the real 
 commencement of our present breed of race 
 horses ; and as we shall always give the 
 authorities from which we have derived our in- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 19 
 
 formation, we do not in any respect consider 
 ourselves as pledged for its infallibility. 
 
 The earliest mention of race-horses, or as they 
 were called in those days, running-horses, in our 
 national annals, is of those in the 9th^ century, 
 sent by Stugh, founder of the royal house of 
 Capet, in France, as a present to King Athel- 
 stan, whose sister, Ethelswitha, he was soliciting 
 in marriage. In the reign of William the Con- 
 queror, according to Cambrensis, Roger de 
 Bellesme, a follower of the King, and created 
 for his military services. Earl of Shrewsbury, 
 imported some stallions from Spain into his 
 estate in Powisland ; and we find their produce 
 celebrated afterwards by Drayton, the poet. 
 This is the first well-authenticated step we can 
 find towards the improvement of the breed of 
 horses. 
 
 Fitzstephen, a monk of Canterbury, secretary 
 to the celebrated Archbishop a Becket, and who 
 flourished in the reign of Henry II, gives the 
 following account of races in Smithfield, in his 
 '' Description of the City of London," originally 
 published in Latin, but afterwards translated in- 
 to English by John Strype : 
 
 *' There is also without one of the city gates, 
 
 * Malmsb. de gest. Reg. Angl. Lib. II cap. VI. 
 
 c 2 
 
20 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and even in the very suburbs, a certain plain 
 field, such both in reality and name, Smithfield, 
 from a Saxon word, smith, signifying smooth. 
 Thither come, either to look or to buy, a great 
 number of persons resident in the city — earls, 
 barons, knights, and a swarm of citizens. When 
 a race is to be run by this sort of horses,^ and 
 perhaps by other, which also in their kind 
 are strong and fleet, a shout is immediately 
 raised, and the common horses are ordered to 
 withdraw out of the way. Three jockies, some- 
 times only two, according as the match is made, 
 prepare themselves for the contest, (such as 
 being used to ride know how to manage horses 
 with judgment.) The grand point is to prevent 
 a competitor from getting before them. The 
 horses, on their part, are not without emulation. 
 They tremble, are impatient, continually in mo- 
 tion, and at last, the signal once given, they 
 strike, devour the course, hurrying along with 
 unremitting velocity ; the jockies inspired with 
 the thoughts of applause, and in the hopes of 
 victory, clap spurs to the willing horses, bran- 
 dish their whips, and cheer them with their 
 cries. You would think, according to Heraclitus, 
 that all things were in motion, and that the 
 
 * He refers to what, in a previous passage, he denominates 
 the more vahiable hackneys and charging steeds. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 21 
 
 opinion of Zeno was certainly wrong, as he held 
 there was no such thing as motion, and that it 
 was impossible to reach the goal." 
 
 Drayton the poet testifies to the correctness 
 of this account, which is the earliest to be found 
 of racing in this country. Fitzstephen does 
 not say whether prizes or money were run for 
 in these races ; or whether it was merely to 
 show off the paces of horses to the buyers, 
 (Smithfield being at that day the market for the 
 best, as well as the inferior sorts of horses) ; but 
 we are inclined to think that, if not exactly at 
 the period he writes of, a very short time elapsed 
 before matches for considerable sums were run 
 for; as we find in the next reign, that of Richard 
 I, a match, for what was a very large sum in 
 those days, is spoken of in the old metrical 
 romance of Sir Bevis of Stamp ton. ^ 
 
 " In somer in Whitsuntide, 
 
 When knights most on horseback ryde, 
 A courselet they make on a day. 
 Steeds and palfraye for to essaye 
 Whiche horse that best may run. 
 Three miles the course was then. 
 Who that might ryde him shoulde 
 Stave forty pounds of redy golde " 
 
 * Sir Bevis of Stampton, black letter, printed by Wm. Cop- 
 land, Garrick's collection, K. vol. ix. 
 
22 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 And in another romance of the same period, 
 written to celebrate the warlike actions of 
 Richard I, we find that swift running horses 
 were greatly esteemed by the heroes who figure 
 in it, and rated at prodigious prices, even allow- 
 ing for the exaggeration of the poet in the pre- 
 sent quotation. 
 
 The poet, or more properly speaking, rhymer, 
 is speaking of races in the camp. 
 
 *• Two steedes fownde King Richard, 
 Thatt von Farell, that other Syard, 
 Yn this worlde they hadde no pere 
 Dromedary, rabyte, ne cammele 
 Goeth none so swifte without fayle. 
 For a thousand pounde of golde 
 He shoulde the one be solde." 
 
 Passing over those reigns, of which no records 
 exist bearing upon the subject we have in view, 
 although we may fairly presume that swift run- 
 ning horses continued in request, and were 
 highly prized and sought after by breeders, we 
 come to the reign of 
 
 Edward III. 1326. — This monarch, we find, 
 purchased running horses at the price of £13. 65 
 Sd each — equal to £160 in money of the present 
 day ; and in the ninth year of his reign he re- 
 ceived a present of two running horses from the 
 King of Navarre, supposed to have been valua- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 23 
 
 ble, as the King gave 100 shillings to the person 
 who brought them. 
 
 This warlike prince was particularly fond of 
 horses, and procured supplies of them from dis- 
 tant countries, with the view of improving the 
 national breed. It appears, from the annals of 
 this reign, that this prince was indebted at one 
 time to the Count of Hainault 25,000 florins, 
 besides large sums to other foreign powers, for 
 horses ; but we are inclined to think the great- 
 est number of these were intended to fill up the 
 ravages the constant wars of this epoch had pro- 
 bably occasioned among the horses of the army. 
 In this reign, horses were divided into the ma- 
 naged, or those disciplined for war, and into 
 coursers, amblers, palfreys, nags, and ponies. 
 
 Henry VII . — The custom of gelding horses, 
 now in general practice, took its origin about 
 the reign of Henry VII. At that period, nu- 
 merous herds of horses, belonging to the landed 
 proprietors, grazed together when the harvest 
 was gathered in, on which account the horses 
 were castrated. 
 
 Henry VIII. 1509.— This King who was 
 remarkable for his attachment to manly sports 
 and exercises, took great pains to improve the 
 royal stud ; and Sir Thomas Chaloner, a writer 
 in the commencement of the reign of Queen 
 
24 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Elizabeth, mentions his having imported horses 
 from Turkey, Naples, and Spain. 
 
 In this reign a law was made, for the purpose 
 of securing strength and size in the breeding of 
 horses, which remains unrepealed to this day. 
 By this law (32 Henry VIII. c. 13.) it is enacted 
 *' That no person shall put in any forest, chase, 
 moor, heath, common, or waste (where mares 
 and fillies are used to be kept) any stoned horse 
 above the age of two years, not being fifteen 
 hands high, within the shires and territories of 
 Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Buckingham, 
 Huntingdon, Essex, Kent, South Hampshire, 
 North Wiltshire, Oxford, Berkshire, Worcester, 
 Gloucester, Somerset, North Wales, South 
 Wales, Bedford, Warwick, Northampton, York- 
 shire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, Lancashire, Salop, 
 Leicester, Hereford, and Lincoln ; nor under 
 fourteen hands in any other county, on 
 pain of forfeiting the same ;" and it proceeds, 
 ** It is lawful for any person to seize any horse 
 so under size, in manner following : — he shall go 
 to the keeper of such forest, or (out of such 
 forest) to the constable of the next town, and 
 require him to go with him to bring such horse 
 to the next pound, there to be measured by 
 such officer, in the presence of three other ho- 
 nest men, to be appointed by the officer \ and if 
 
BRITISH TURF. 25 
 
 he shall be found contrary to what is above 
 expressed, such person may take him for his 
 own use." 
 
 Also, by the same statute, (section 6) ** all 
 such commons and other places shall within fif- 
 teen days after Michaelmas yearly, be driven by 
 the owners and keepers, or constables, respect- 
 ively, on pain of 406-. and they shall also drive the 
 same at any other time they shall think meet ; and 
 if there shall be found, in any of the said drifts, 
 any mare, filly, foal, or gelding, which shall not 
 be thought able, nor like to grow to be able to 
 bear foals of a reasonable stature, or to do pro- 
 fitable labours, by the discretion of the drivers, 
 or the greater number of them, they may kill 
 and bury them." (Section 7.) 
 
 Even infected horses are prohibited from being 
 turned into such commons by the same act — 
 (Section 9,) '' whereby it is enacted that no per- 
 son shall have, or put to pasture, any horse, 
 gelding, or mare, infected with the scab, or 
 mange, in any common or common fields, on 
 pain of 10^. and the ofience shall be enquirable 
 in the leet, as other common annoyances are, 
 and the forfeitures shall be to the lord of the 
 leet." 
 
 Carew, in his History of Cornwall, supposes 
 this act of parliament to have been the occasion 
 
26 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of losing almost entirely the small breed of 
 horses which were peculiar to that country ; 
 and no doubt the same effect was produced in 
 Wales. This loss, however, was well repaid by 
 the race of large and powerful horses which 
 took their place. 
 
 The following illustration of the horses of 
 England in this reign is taken from the Regula- 
 tions and establishments of Algernon Percy, the 
 fifth Earl of Northumberland, begun in 15 J 2. 
 
 *' This is the ordre of the chequir roul of the 
 nombre of all the horsy s of my lordys, and my 
 ladys, that are appointed to be in the charge 
 of th^ hous yerely, as to say, gentill horsys, 
 palfreys, hobys, naggis, clothsek hors, male 
 hors. 
 
 *' First, gentill horsys, to stand in my lordis 
 stable, six. Item, palfreys of my ladis, to wit, 
 oone for my lady, and two for her gentill women, 
 and oone for her chamberer. Four hobys and 
 nags for my lordys oone saddill, viz : oone for 
 my lorde, and oone to stay at home for my 
 lorde. 
 
 *' Item, chariot hors, to stand in my lordis 
 stable yerely. Seven gret trottynge horsys to 
 draw in the chariott, and a nag for the chariott 
 man to ride, eight. Again, hors for Lord 
 Percy, his lordship's son and heir. A gret 
 
BRITISH TURF. 27 
 
 doble trottynge hors, called a curtal, for his 
 lordship to ride on out of townes. Another 
 trottynge gambaldyn hors for his lordship to 
 ride on when he comes into towns. An am- 
 blynge hors for his lordship to journeye on daily. 
 A proper amblynge little nag for his lordship 
 when he goeth on hunting and hawking. A 
 gret amblynge gelding, or trottynge gelding, to 
 carry his male." 
 
 It is proper to explain that the gentill horse 
 was one of superior cattle, and made the best 
 chargers. Palfreys were an elegant kind, 
 mostly of a small size, and broken in to the use 
 of ladies, and aged or infirm people of rank. 
 
 Hobys were strong active horses of a small 
 size, and are supposed to have come originally 
 from Ireland. This breed being at one time in 
 high repute, gave origin to the phrase, by 
 
 which any favourite object is termed a man's 
 
 hobby. 
 
 The clothseJc, or male horse, was one that 
 
 carried the cloak-bag, or portmanteau. 
 
 Chariot horses, (derived from the French word 
 
 charotte, from which again the English word 
 
 cart), were waggon horses. ^ 
 
 A gret doble trottynge horse, was a heavy 
 
 powerful horse, whose pace was a trot, being 
 
28 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 either too unwieldy in itself, or carrying too great 
 weights to gallop. 
 
 A curtal was a horse whose tail was cut or 
 shortened. 
 
 A gamhaldynge horse was one of show 
 and parade ; from the Italian word gamba, 
 
 (leg). 
 
 An amhlynge horse was one of much the same 
 
 description, but whose more quiet ambling pace 
 
 adapted him especially to the use of ladies. 
 
 In the reign of Edward VI., horse stealing 
 was made a capital offence. By the 1st Edward 
 VI, cap. 12, we find it enacted, *' that no 
 person convicted for felonious stealing of horses, 
 geldings or mares, shall have the privilege of 
 clergy." But this enactment being in the plural 
 number, caused a doubt whether a person con- 
 victed of stealing one horse, mare, or gelding, 
 was entitled to benefit of clergy, and two acts 
 were subsequently passed in the same reign, to 
 remedy this defect. 
 
 Elizabeth. 1558. We have every reason to 
 believe that the country derived much benefit 
 to its breed of horses in this reign ; as it is more 
 than probable that great numbers of Barbs, 
 and Spanish horses descended from Barbs, were 
 taken on board the numerous vessels captured 
 
BRITISH TURF. 29 
 
 by Lord Howard of Effingham, the British 
 admiral, on the defeat and dispersion of the 
 Spanish Armada. 
 
 From what cause does not appear, but it is 
 certain that racing fell off as a public amuse- 
 ment in this reign. We do not find it mentioned 
 as forming part of the amusements with which 
 the Earl of Leicester entertained his royal mis- 
 tress on her visit to Kenilworth ; and^ Com- 
 menius says at this day, 1590, tiJting or the 
 quintain is used when a ring is struck with a 
 truncheon instead of horse racing, which, he 
 adds, is grown out of fashion. That this was 
 not on account of any gambling or improper 
 practices being attached to it, we may gather 
 from the writings of John Northbrook, a puritan, 
 who, though very severe against cards, dice, 
 and plays, allows horse-racing, classing it with 
 hunting and hawking. 
 
 That race-horses, however, were still highly 
 prized on account of their breed, appears from 
 the following observations in one of Bishop 
 Hall's satires. t 
 
 * Commenius, in his vocabulary, entitled Orbis Sensualium 
 Pietus, published towards the conclusion of the sixteenth cen- 
 tury. 
 
 t Bishop Hall's Satires, Lib. IV, Sat. 3, Edit. 1599. 
 
30 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ***** Dost thou prize 
 Thy brute beast's worth by their dam's quahties ? 
 Say'st thou, this colt shall prove a swift-paced steed. 
 Only because a jennet did him breed ? 
 Or say'st thou, this same horse shall win the prize. 
 Because his dam was swiftest Trunchifice, 
 Or Runcevall his syre : himself a galloway ? 
 While like a tireling jade, he lags half way. 
 
 It is remarkable that such was the large falling 
 off in the number of cavalry horses between the 
 reign of Edward VI, in 1547, and the middle 9f 
 Ehzabeth, that in 1588, when England was 
 threatened by the Spanish Armada, no more 
 than 3,000 cavalry could be mustered in the 
 whole kingdom, to suppress the invasion. 
 
 Towards the close of this reign coaches were 
 introduced by Fitzallen, Earl of Arundel, their 
 inventor, and such was the demand for horses 
 thus occasioned, that a bill was actually intro- 
 duced into the House of Lords, to restrain the 
 excessive use of coaches. It was, however, lost 
 on the second reading. Before this the Queen 
 was, on state occasions, accustomed to ride be- 
 hind her master of the horse. But for a con- 
 siderable period after the introduction of coaches, 
 saddle horses continued in use at state cere- 
 monies ; for so late as the Restoration, King 
 Charles the Second made his entrance into Lon- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 31 
 
 don on horseback, between his brothers, the 
 Dukes of York and Gloucester, attended by a 
 splendid cavalcade. 
 
 James I. 1602. — If we find racing languish- 
 ing in the former reign, it would seem but to 
 have laid by, to start up with increased vigour 
 in this, from which we may safely date the 
 foundation of our present system. This king 
 gave £500 to Mr. Markham for an Arabian ; — 
 probably the first Arabian introduced into this 
 country. The Duke of Newcastle, who wrote 
 in the reign of Charles II, and whose work we 
 shall presently notice, mentions the Markham 
 Arabian as a little bay horse, not well shaped, 
 and as having been beaten in every race he ran. 
 From this we learn that even at this period the 
 English had attained some progress in the swift- 
 ness of their race horses. 
 
 A south eastern horse, called the white Turk, 
 was imported about the same period by Mr. 
 Place, afterwards stud -master to Oliver Crom- 
 well, who purchased it. 
 
 In this reign, races were run for silver bells, 
 at Gatherly in Yorkshire, Croydon, Chester, and 
 Theobalds, on Enfield chase, and the food, 
 physic, exercise, sweats and weight (which was 
 usually ten stone) began to be rigidly attended 
 to. The following ceremony is mentioned by 
 
32 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the elder^ Randel Holme, the Chester antiquary, 
 as having been performed according to custom 
 near that city, in the presence of the mayor, at 
 the Cross, in the Rodhi, orRoody, an open place 
 near the city. A silver bell, valued at about 
 three shilUngs and sixpence, is placed on the 
 point of a lance, to be given to him who shall 
 run the best and furthest on horseback before 
 them on Shrove Tuesday. These bells went by 
 the name of St. George's bells, and the younger 
 Randel Holme tells us that in the last year 
 of this reign (1624) John Brereton, innkeeper. 
 Mayor of Chester, first caused the horses en- 
 tered for this race, then called St. George's race, 
 to start from the point beyond the new tower, 
 and appointed them to run five times round the 
 Roody ; and, he continues, he who won the last 
 course or trayne, received the belly of a good 
 value, £8 or £10, and to have it for ever, which 
 moneyes were collected of the citizens for that 
 purpose. By the use of the term, for ever, it 
 would appear that the bell had been formerly 
 used as a mark of temporary distinction only, 
 by the successful horsemen, and afterwards re- 
 turned to the Corporation. 
 
 * Randel Holme of Chester, one of the city heralds, M.S. Harl. 
 2150, fol. 235. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 33 
 
 Bassompierre, a French writer, mentions that 
 in this reign, the merit of the EngUsh horses 
 began to be so evident, that many were pur- 
 chased and sent into France, where they con- 
 tinue to be much valued and admired. It would 
 also appear that towards the conclusion of this 
 reign, the English method of keeping and 
 managing horses, was thought so judicious 
 that France, and other neighbouring countries, 
 thought proper to adopt it, and no doubt by 
 this judicious treatment the foundation was laid 
 for that celebrity of the British race horse, which 
 so soon followed the introduction of Eastern 
 blood. 
 
 Charles I. 1625. — The first races which 
 were held at Newmarket, took place in this 
 reign, in the year 1640, although the round 
 course was not made till 1666 ; and as a further 
 proof of the rapid progress already made in the 
 improvement of the national breed of horses, 
 we find one Sir Edward Harwood ignorantly 
 complaining of what he calls the scarcity of able 
 horses in the kingdom, there not being so many 
 as 2,000 that were equal to a like number of 
 French horses ; the cause of which he supposes 
 to be the strong addiction which the nation 
 had to racing and hunting horses, which, for the 
 sake of swiftness, were all of a lighter and 
 
 VOL. I. D 
 
34 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 weaker mould. We may here remark, as highly 
 probable, that the invention of gunpowder and 
 the general use of fire-arms, which caused heavy 
 armour to be disused, did much towards effecting 
 this change, by bringing lighter and fleeter horses 
 into general demand. Butcher,* a writer of this 
 period informs us, in his Survey of Stamford, that 
 a race was annually run for in that town, for a 
 silver and gilt cup with a cover, of the value of £7 
 or £8, provided by the care of the alderman for the 
 time being, out of the interest of a stock for- 
 merly made by the nobility and gentry in the 
 neighbourhood. 
 
 The following lines are from an old ballad in 
 D'Urfey'sf collection of songs, and supposed to 
 have been written in this reign. It is called 
 '' Newmarket," and plainly shows not only that 
 that place was then famous for the exhibition 
 of horse races, but that they were not always 
 conducted with the strictest integrity : 
 
 ** Let cullies that lose at a race. 
 Go venture at hazard to win ; 
 Or he that is bubbl'd at dice, 
 Recovei at cocking again. 
 
 * Butcher's Survey of the Town of Stamford, first printed A.D. 
 1646. chap. 10. 
 
 t Pills to purge Melancholy, 4th edition, A.D. 1719, vol. 2, 
 page 83. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 35 
 
 Let jades that are foundered, be bouglit ; 
 Let jockies play crimp to make sport ; 
 Another makes racing a trade. 
 And dreams of his projects to come. 
 And many a crimp match has made 
 By bubbing* another man's groom." 
 
 In a farce, or interlude, played in the same 
 reign, (1641) entitled '' the Merry Beggars, or 
 the Jovial Crew," we find races alluded to in 
 Hyde Park ; but as this is the only mention of 
 them we find, we are inclined to think that 
 they were never of much importance. 
 
 Burton, in his Anatomy of Melancholy, 
 touches on the expense attending these pursuits, 
 in a passage which seems to imply that much mo- 
 ney was ventured on races. He observes, *' riding 
 of great horses, running at rings, tilts and tour- 
 naments, horse races, and wild goose chases,! 
 which are disports of greater men, and good in 
 themselves, though many gentlemen by such 
 means, gallop themselves out of their for- 
 tunes." 
 
 As a proof of the attention of this monarch to 
 equestrian exercises, he issued a general order 
 in the commencement of his reign, directing the 
 
 * Bribing. 
 
 t These we imagine to have been what are now called steeple 
 chases, and if so is the earliest mention of them we find. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 . HISTORY OF THE 
 
 use of bits instead of snaffles, which were used 
 in the army before that time. 
 
 1653. — Ohver Cromwell, with his accustomed 
 sagacity, perceiving the vast benefit derived to 
 the nation by the improvement of its breed of 
 horses, the natural consequence of racing, pa- 
 tronised this already pecuUarly national amuse- 
 ment ; and we find, accordingly, that he kept a 
 racing stud. Mr. Place, whose name, coupled 
 with that of his horse, the famous white Turk, 
 before alluded to, will live for ever in the 
 memory of all British sportsmen, was Crom- 
 well's master of the stud ; and it is to be deeply 
 regretted that the civil war of that eventful 
 period has prevented us from receiving any 
 records of racing during the Protectorate. An 
 anecdote which has been handed down, of a 
 narrow escape of the Protector, when driving 
 in person four horses in Hyde Park, from their 
 running away and overturning the carriage, 
 when a loaded pistol he always carried about his 
 person went off, would serve to show his fond- 
 ness for equestrian amusements ; at the same 
 time it would appear this great man found it less 
 difficult to keep a whole nation in subjection than 
 to control four horses. 
 
 We now approach that important epoch in 
 the history of the British horse, the reign 
 
BRITISH TURF. 37 
 
 of Charles IT, when the importation of Eastern 
 blood by that monarch, which was continued 
 under his successors, together with the firm root 
 public racing took among the most popular 
 amusements and pursuits of the people, led to 
 the perfection of the British horse, by the 
 formation of the thorough -bred or racing 
 breed. 
 
 Before we commence this eventful era, al- 
 though not immediately bearing on the object of 
 this work, it may not be altogether devoid of 
 interest to give a brief review of the works of 
 the most eminent writers on the science of 
 horses and horsemanship, previous and up to 
 this period. 
 
 The first writer we come to, worthy of notice 
 after Zenophon, is Grisone, who published his 
 works at Naples (then the chief school of Euro- 
 pean horsemanship) , in the beginning of the six- 
 teenth century. It is entitled, '' Gli ordini di 
 Cavalcare di Federigo Grisone Gentilhuomo 
 Napolitano," and is entirely devoted to military 
 horsemanship. It is now very scarce ; the only 
 copy we remember to have seen is in the British 
 Museum. Many of the writers who followed 
 Grisone have copied largely from his work. 
 
 Solomon de la Brone, Escuyer d'Esurie du 
 Roi (Henri IV), et de Monseigneur le Due 
 
38 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 d'Espernon, published in Paris, a work contain- 
 ing chiefly the precepts he derived from his 
 master, Pignatelli, of Naples, a pupil of Gri- 
 sone. 
 
 Michaell Baret produced an Hipponomie, or 
 the Vineyard of horsemanship, &c." written in a 
 quaint scholastic form, and well worth the pe- 
 rusal of the curious in these matters. It is 
 divided into three books, the first dedicated to 
 King James, the second to Thomas Dove, 
 bishop of Peterborough, and the third, which* 
 applies the precepts of the two first to hunting 
 and running horses, to Sir Francis Payer. The 
 author treats his subject logically, and some- 
 times in the form of syllogisms, as in the fol- 
 lowing : — ** Nothing that doth tend to violence 
 doth worke according to the true art of horse- 
 manship ; but all hard cavisans, bittes, and 
 snafiies doe tend to violence : ergo, no hard 
 cavisans, bittes, and snaffles doe tend to the 
 true art of horsemanship." He prefers a good 
 and lasting, to a speedy race horse. 
 
 1624. — Antoine Pluvinel published ''Maneige 
 Royale, ou Ton pouvait remarquer le defaut et 
 la perfection du chevalier en tous les exercices 
 de cet art digne des Princes, fait et practique 
 en I'instruction du Roy (Louis XIII) par An- 
 toine Pluvinel, son Ecuyer Principal, Conseiller 
 
BRITISH TURF. 39 
 
 en son conseil d'Etat, son chambellan ordinaire, 
 et sous-gouverneur^ de sa Majeste. Le tout 
 grave et represents en grandes figures de taille 
 douce par Chrispian de Pas, Flammand a Thon- 
 neur du Roy, et a la memoire de M. de Pluvinel. 
 Paris 1624." This is written partly in the form 
 of a dialogue between the King and his in- 
 structor. 
 
 Rene de Menon strongly recommends Pluvi- 
 nel's system in his publication, * * La practique 
 du Cavalier.'^ 
 
 The last of these productions we shall here 
 mention, and which brings us up to the time of 
 Charles II, is the splendid work of William 
 Cavendish, afterwards Duke of Newcastle, writ- 
 ten and published during his long exile at Ant- 
 werp, in 1658. It was originally written in 
 French, and entitled, '' Methode et Invention 
 nouvelle de dresser les Chevaux," containing a 
 frontispiece and forty-two well executed plates. 
 The Duke was instructor in riding to Charles II, 
 when Prince of Wales ; and mentions that such 
 was the precocity of his royal pupil, that at 
 between nine and ten years of age the young 
 prince had attained the most firm and beautiful 
 seat ever beheld, and managed a horse, through 
 all his airs and paces, with the greatest address 
 and judgment. This work, although containing 
 
40 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 much repetition, besides many of the precepts 
 of previous writers, is still worthy of notice. 
 
 The Duke's opinion of the relative merits of 
 the horses of different countries, is remarkably 
 just, and well deserving of being given in his 
 own words : 
 
 *' We will now enquire into the difference 
 existing between the breed of horses of these 
 countries. I have not seen many Turkish 
 horses, but there are various breeds among 
 them, as may be imagined from the vast extent 
 and diversity of the Grand Seignor's dominions. 
 The Turkish horse stands high, though of une- 
 qual shape, being remarkably beautiful, active, 
 with plenty of power, and excellent wind, but 
 rarely possesses a good mouth. Much praise is 
 given to the grandeur of carriage of the Neapo- 
 litan horse ; and in truth they are fine horses, 
 those I have seen being both large, strong, and 
 full of spirit. I have not only seen many 
 Spanish horses, but several have been in my 
 possession. They are extremely beautiful, and 
 the most eligible of any, either to form subjects 
 for the artist, or to carry a monarch, when, sur- 
 rounded by the pomp and dignity of majesty, 
 he would show himself to his people ; for they 
 are neither so intemperate as the barbs, nor so 
 large as the Neapolitans, but the perfection of 
 
BRITISH TURF. 41 
 
 both. The barb possesses a superb and high 
 action ; is an excellent trotter and galloper, and 
 very active when in motion. Although gene- 
 rally not so strong as other breeds, when well 
 chosen I do not know a more noble horse ; and 
 I have read strange accounts of their courage, 
 for example, when so badly wounded that their 
 entrails have protruded, they have carried their 
 riders safe and sound out of danger, with the 
 same spirit with which they entered it, and then 
 dropped dead." 
 
 He gives the preference to barbs, though, as 
 he observes, he may be prejudiced in their fa- 
 vour by having had and seen more of them than 
 of any other sorts of horses. The best sorts he 
 observes come from Cordoue, in Andalusia, 
 where the King of Spain has a stud. Endea- 
 vouring to establish the superiority of his fa- 
 vourite sort of horse, he mentions that an old 
 nobleman, who served under Henry IV, told 
 him in France, that he had often seen barbs up- 
 set the heavv Flemish horses in a tilt : '* and I 
 have taken," he continues, ^' the bone of the 
 leg of a barb, and found it to be almost solid, 
 having a hollow scarcely large enough 
 for a straw ; while, on the other hand, in the 
 same bone of a Flanders horse, you may almost 
 insert your finger." He further recommends 
 
42 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 barb stallions to be put to English mares, with 
 fine skins and good shapes for breeding. 
 
 We will conclude this chapter with transla- 
 tions of the word horse into the most celebrated 
 languages of the earth. 
 
 The horse, in Hebrew, is called Sus^ and the 
 mare Susah ; in Syriac, he is called Rekesh and 
 Soucias ; by the Arabians, Bagel, by the Chal- 
 deans, Ramakin and Susuatha ; by the Persians 
 Asbaca; by the ancient Greeks, Hippos, and in 
 the modern Greek, Alogo ; in the Latin Equus 
 and Caballus ; in Italian and Spanish, Cavallo ; 
 in French, Cheval ; in German Pferd and Kossz; 
 by the Bohemians, Kun; and by the Dutch, 
 Paard. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 43 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 On the Arabian and other Eastern horses. 
 
 The history of the British horse may be di- 
 vided into three distinct epochs, the first and 
 second of which we have treated of in the preced- 
 ing chapter. 
 
 The first epoch consists in the ages of chivalry, 
 when a strong, heavy horse, partaking largely 
 both in shape and qualities, of the Flemish and 
 cart horse breed, was required by the knights in 
 their numerous w^ars, who not only carried 
 heavy armour themselves, but loaded their 
 chargers with it also. We remember to have 
 seen this description of horse admirably illus- 
 trated in a very old Dutch painting, of the 
 drowning of the Egyptian host in the Red Sea. 
 The woodcut given below is taken from this 
 painting, from which it would appear that Myn- 
 heer the artist evidently made the cart-horse- 
 
44 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 looking animal of his own country and day- 
 stand as the naodel for the light Barb and Ara- 
 bian coursers which no doubt formed the cavalry 
 ofPharoah's host. 
 
 The second epoch we would assign to the 
 period when the invention of gunpowder, gra- 
 dually abolishing the use of armour, together 
 with the introduction of racing, caused stud 
 owners to turn their attention to the breeding of 
 a lighter and fleeter animal, more fitted to the 
 demands of the changed times. In the reign 
 of James I this may be said to have been finally 
 effected ; and we have given a facsimile of the 
 horse in general use in the reign of Charles I, as 
 represented in the forty-two plates of the Duke 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 45 
 
 of Newcastle's Treatise on Horsemanship, which 
 we consider forms a fair specimen of the im- 
 provement which had already manifested itself in 
 
 the second epoch. 
 
 As we purpose treating fully in another place 
 of the thorough bred horse which forms the third 
 and last epoch, according to the theory we have 
 ventured ' to lay down, we will now proceed 
 to the consideration of the Arabian and other 
 Eastern horses, which laid the foundation of our 
 
 present racing breed. 
 
 The extensive country called Arabia, cele- 
 brated in all ages for freedom and independence, 
 
46 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 is situated at the south-western extremity of 
 Asia. It is bounded on the south-west by the 
 Red Sea and the Isthmus of Suez ; on the north 
 east by the Persian Gulf, and the lower course 
 of the Euphrates ; on the north-west by Syria, 
 the Euphrates, and the intervening desert ; and 
 on the south-east by the Indian ocean. The 
 country is described as a vast collection of rocky 
 and precipitous mountains, encircled by a bor- 
 der of low, barren, and sandy plains, which dif- 
 fer widely in their climate, soil and productions. 
 The plains consist, either of bare rocks, or of 
 hard or loose sand, and suffer from an almost 
 constant drought, there being no rivers ; conse- 
 quently the deep wells and springs scattered at 
 distant intervals, and which are generally sur- 
 rounded by a small margin of the most refresh- 
 ing verdure, form the sole resource of the fainting 
 traveller. The temperature of other tropical 
 climates is moderate in comparison with the 
 heat of these deserts, where the thermometer is 
 generally above 100° during the night, in the 
 morning 108% and in the course of the day rises 
 to 110°, and often higher, in the shade. The 
 mountainous tracts immediately behind these 
 dry and sandy deserts, stretch backwards from 
 the sea shore, and contain numerous vallies of 
 remarkable fertility, forming the celebrated re- 
 gion called by the ancients Arabia Felix. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 47 
 
 Such is the country justly renowned for ages 
 for the swiftness, patience of fatigue, spirit, and 
 dociUty of temper, of its breed of horses. We 
 have before observed that Arabia cannot lay 
 claim to the honour of having been the original 
 nursery of the horse, nor is it known at what 
 period, or from whence, it obtained this useful 
 animal. Even so late as the seventh century of 
 the christian era, so far was Arabia from 
 abounding in horses, that the historian who re- 
 lates the attack of the prophet Mahomet upon 
 the Koreish, near Mecca, mentions only two as 
 following in his train; and although in the 
 plunder of this cruel and exterminating expedi- 
 tion, he carried with him on his return 24,000 
 camels, 40,000 sheep, and much silver, horses 
 do not appear to have formed a portion of the 
 spoil. Among the numerous memorable acts of 
 Mahomet, certainly not the least worthy of at- 
 tention may be said to be the formation of those 
 breeding studs, which we firmly beheve laid the 
 real foundation of the perfection of the Arabian 
 horse. 
 
 The following interesting tradition of the ori- 
 gin of the Kochlani, or Kailhan, or noble race 
 of horses, whose genealogy, with true Eastern 
 exaggeration, has sometimes even been traced 
 to the stud of Solomon, is from a German work 
 on Arabia. The author relates that the Arabian 
 
48 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 prophet, wishing to set aside from his stud the 
 best mares, in order to form a distinct and per- 
 fect breed, had them all kept for two entire days 
 and nights without water. On a sudden, when 
 almost mad with thirst, the mares are released, 
 and gallop with the swiftness of the wind to the 
 well-known spring. When in view of the re- 
 freshing waters, by a preconcerted signal, the 
 trumpets sound a war charge. At this well- 
 known sound five of the mares, forgetting in a 
 moment the agonies of their thirst, leave un- 
 tasted the waters of the spring, and gallop to 
 the imagined war ; and from these five mares 
 the author imagines the noblest breed to have 
 descended. 
 
 The dry air and soil of Arabia seem pecu- 
 liarly adapted to produce hard muscular fibre ; 
 accordingly we find the Arabian horse in the 
 highest, and other Eastern breeds in an inferior, 
 degree, possess a firmness of anatomical organi- 
 zation unequalled except by the English thorough 
 bred horse. The nature and character of the 
 horse of the desert particularly adapted him to 
 produce an animal which, as in the case of the 
 race horse, is called upon to put its physical 
 powers to the severest trial to which nature, 
 aided by art, can submit. These advantages, 
 which he derives from climate, and the great 
 care exercised in breeding and rearing him by 
 
BRITISH TURF. 49 
 
 his Arab master, arise from the possession of 
 larger muscles and smaller bones than any other 
 horses ; muscles and sinews constituting the 
 powers of action ; and on these depend the 
 lasting qualities of an animal going at the top of 
 his speed. Bones, being the weight to be lifted, 
 serve only to extend the parts ; and it is obvious 
 that such as are small, but highly condensed, 
 like those of the deer and the Arabian horse, 
 are, by occupying less space, and containing less 
 weight, more easily acted upon by muscular 
 force than such as are large and porous, and for 
 a greater duration of time, without fatiguing the 
 active powers. 
 
 But the excellence of the horse of the desert 
 does not end with his highly condensed bone 
 and flat and wiry leg, so much valued by real 
 judges. On reference to the works of eminent 
 writers on the anatomy of the horse, we find all 
 the muscles, and fibres, and sinews of his frame 
 described as driven into closer contact than 
 those of any other breed ; always excepting our 
 own thorough bred horse ; and from the mem- 
 branes and ligaments being composed of a firmer 
 and thinner substance, he possesses the rare 
 union of strength with lightness, so essential to 
 the endurance of fatigue in all quick motions ; 
 and when to these qualifications are added the 
 
 VOL. I. E 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 peculiar and deer-like elegance of his form, the 
 broad squareness of forehead, the short fine 
 muzzle, the prominent and brilliant eye, the 
 small ear, and the beautiful course of the veins, 
 he appears to furnish all the requisites of a race 
 horse* 
 
 THE ARABIAN HORSE. 
 
 ^:^j-i»v^y 
 
 The pure Arabians are smaller than our race 
 horses, seldom exceeding fourteen hands two 
 inches in height, and are never known, in tropi- 
 cal countries, to turn roarers or to have curbs. 
 
 Count Rzeiousky gives the following account 
 of the docility and sagacity of the kohlan, or 
 first class of Arabian breed of horses, translated 
 by an English writer, and which we give, as being 
 
BRITISH TURF. 51 
 
 very curious, although we think it highly exag- 
 gerated. 
 
 *' Above all horses in the world," writes the 
 Count, *' the kohlan is distinguished for the 
 goodness of his qualities and the beauty of his 
 form. He possesses uncommon mildness of 
 temper ; an unalterable faithfulness to his mas- 
 ter ; a courage and intrepidity, as astonishing 
 as they are innate in his noble breast ; an un- 
 failing remembrance of the places where he has 
 been, and of the treatment he has received ; not 
 to be led, not to be touched, but by his master ; 
 in the most dreadful confusion of battle, cool and 
 collected, he never forgets the place he came 
 from, and though mortally wounded, if he can 
 gather up sufficient strength, he carries back his 
 desponding rider to his defeated tribe. 
 
 ** His intelligence is wonderful : he knows 
 when he is sold, or even when his master is 
 bargaining to sell him. When the proprietor 
 and purchaser meet for that purpose in the sta- 
 bles, the kohlan soon guesses what is going on, 
 becomes restless, gives from his beautiful eye a 
 side glance at the interlocutors, scrapes the 
 ground with his foot, and plainly shews his dis- 
 conj^nt. Neither the buyer nor any one else 
 dares to come near him : but, the bargain being 
 struck, when the vendor, taking the kohlan by 
 
 E 2 
 
52 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the halter, gives him up to the purchaser with a 
 slice of bread and some salt, and turns away, 
 never more to look at him as his own — an an- 
 cient custom of taking leave of a horse, and 
 his recognizing a new master — it is then that 
 this generous and noble animal becomes tracta- 
 ble, mild, and faithful ta another, and proves 
 himself immediately attached to him whom his 
 passion, a few minutes before, might have laid 
 at his feet, and trampled under his hoofs. 
 
 *' This is not an idle storv ; I have been 
 a witness of, and an actor in the interesting 
 scene, having bought three kohlans in 1810 and 
 1811, from Turkish prisoners. I made the 
 bargain in the stables, and received personally, 
 and led off the most fierce but intelligent ani- 
 mals, which before the above mentioned cere- 
 mony, I should not have dared to approach. 
 The fact has been confirmed to me by all the 
 Turkish and Arab prisoners, and by several rich 
 American merchants who deal in horses, and go 
 generally to the desert to buy them. The koh- 
 lans also evince great warlike qualities." 
 
 Bishop Heber thus describes the docility of 
 the Arabian horse. He says : *' My morning 
 rides are very pleasant. My horse is a nice, 
 quiet, good-tempered little Arab, who is so 
 fearless, that he goes, without starting, close to 
 
BRITISH TURF. 53 
 
 an elephant, and so gentle and docile, that he 
 eats bread out of my hand, and has almost as 
 much attachment and as many coaxing ways as 
 a dog. This seems the general character of the 
 Arabian horses, to judge from what I have seen 
 in this country. It is not the fiery dashing 
 animal I had supposed, but with more ration- 
 ality about him, and more apparent confidence 
 in his rider, than the majority of English 
 horses." 
 
 Chillaby, the property of Mr, Jennings, of 
 Clay Hall, Essex, formed a singular exception 
 to the gentle and naturally tractable disposition 
 of the Arabian horse ; being so ferocious that he 
 was kept chained in his stall, like a wild beast. 
 He was, however, afterwards purchased and 
 tamed by Hughes, for the circus, at the 
 opening of that place of amusement in Lon- 
 don. 
 
 In the belief that anv information, and even 
 anecdotes, relative to the Arabian parent stock 
 from which our celebrated racing breed derive 
 their origin, will not be out of place in a work 
 professing to record the most renowned per- 
 formances of the latter, we will proceed to give 
 a few of the most interesting and best authen- 
 ticated facts stated in the works treating on this 
 subject. 
 
54 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Major Denham, the intelligent African tra- 
 veller, thus expresses himself on the death of 
 his favorite Arabian horse, in the deserts of 
 central Africa : 
 
 *' There are a few situations in a man's life, 
 in which losses of this nature are felt most 
 keenly ; and this was one of them. It was not 
 grief, but it was something nearly approaching 
 to it ; and though I felt ashamed at the degree 
 of derangement I suffered from it, yet I was 
 several days before I could get over the loss. 
 Let it, however, be remembered, that the poor 
 animal had been my support and comfort, nay, 
 I may say, companion, through many a dreary 
 day and night, had endured both hunger and 
 thirst in my service ; and was so docile, that 
 he would stand still for hours in the desert, 
 while I slept between his legs, his body affording 
 me the only shelter that could be obtained 
 from the powerful influence of a noonday sun ; 
 he was yet the fleetest of the fleet, and ever fore- 
 most in the chase." 
 
 Nothing can exceed the attachment that exists 
 between the poor Arab and his horse, often his 
 whole stock of wealth. The mare and her foal 
 inhabit the same tent with his family, and are 
 caressed by all. The body of a mare is often 
 the pillow of her master, and more frequently of 
 
BRITISH TURF. 55 
 
 his children, who roll about upon her and the 
 foal, without the least risk. 
 
 The kindness thus engendered, is returned by 
 the mare in many of those situations when the 
 life of the child of the desert depends only 
 on the sagacity and swiftness of his faithful 
 
 courser. 
 
 " When the Arab falls wounded from his mare, 
 she will immediately stand still, and neigh until 
 assistance arrives. Should fatigue compel him 
 to he down to sleep in the desert, she watches 
 over him, and arouses him on the approach of 
 
 man or beast. 
 
 Among the many anecdotes illustrating the 
 attachment of the Arab to his mare, the follow- 
 ing are particularly touching. 
 
 An old Arab had a valuable mare, that had 
 carried him for fifteen years in many a hard 
 fought battle, and many a rapid weary march ; 
 at length, eighty years old, and unable longer to 
 ride her, he gave her, and a scymitar that had 
 been his father's, to his eldest son, and told him 
 to appreciate their value, and never He down to 
 rest until he had rubbed them both as bright as 
 a looking-glass. Tn the first skirmish in which 
 the young man was engaged, he was killed, and 
 the mare fell into the hands of the enemy. 
 When the news reached the old man, he ex- 
 
56 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 claimed that life was no longer worth preserving, 
 for he had lost both his son and his mare ; and 
 grieving for one as much as the other, he 
 immediately sickened and died."^ 
 
 We have the following interesting account of 
 the love of an Arab for his horse in Clarke's 
 Travels : — 
 
 *' Ibrahim, a poor but worthy Arab, unable 
 to pay a sum of money which he owed, was 
 compelled to allow a merchant of Rama to be- 
 come a partner with him in a valuable mare. 
 When the time came, he could not redeem his 
 pledge to this man, and the mare was sold. 
 Her pedigree could be traced on the side of sire 
 and dam for full five hundred years. The price 
 was £300, an enormous sum in that country. 
 After the sale, Ibrahim went frequently to Rama 
 to inquire after the mare ; he would embrace 
 her, wipe her eyes with his handkerchief, rub 
 her with his shirt sleeves, and give her a thou- 
 sand benedictions, during the whole two hours 
 that he remained talkmg to her. 'My eyes T 
 he would say to her, ' my soul ! my heart ! 
 must I be so unfortunate as to have sold thee to 
 so many masters and not keep thee myself? I 
 am poor, my antelope ! I brought thee up in 
 
 * Smith on Breeding, p. 80. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 57 
 
 my dwelling as my child. I did never beat or 
 chide thee ; I caressed thee in the proudest 
 manner. God preserve thee, my beloved ; thou 
 art beautiful, thou art sweet, thou art lovely ! 
 God defend thee from envious eyes !" 
 
 M. de Chateaubriand, in his Travels in Greece, 
 thus relates the feat of an Arab mare, which died 
 to save her master. 
 
 '* When I was at Jerusalem, a feat of one 
 of these steeds made a great noise. The Bedouin, 
 to whom the animal, a mare, belonged, being 
 pursued by the governor's guards, rushed with 
 her from the top of the hills that overlooked 
 Jericho. The mare scoured at full gallop down 
 an almost perpendicular declivity without 
 stumbling, leaving the pursuers lost in admira- 
 tion and astonishment. The poor animal, how- 
 ever, dropped down dead on entering Jericho, 
 and the Bedouin, who would not quit her, was 
 taken, weeping over the body of his faithful 
 companion. This mare," he continues, *' has 
 a brother in the desert, who is so famous, 
 that the Arabs alwavs know where he has 
 been, where he is, what he is doing and how he 
 does." 
 
 The following well known story addresses 
 itself peculiarly to the feelings in favour of the 
 poor Arab of the desert. 
 
58 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The whole stock of one of these consisted of 
 a mare ; this the French consul at Said offered 
 to purchase, with an intention of sending her 
 to Louis XIV. The Arab hesitated long, but 
 being pressed by poverty, he at length con- 
 sented, on condition of receiving a very con- 
 siderable sum, which he named. The consul 
 wrote to France for permission to close the bar- 
 gain, and having obtained it, he immediately 
 sent for the Arab, to secure the mare, and pay 
 for her. The man arrived with his magnificent 
 courser. He dismounted, a wretched spectacle, 
 with only a miserable rag to cover his body. 
 He stood leaning upon his mare ; the purse was 
 tendered to him ; he looked at the gold, and 
 gazing steadfastly at his mare, heaved a deep 
 sigh ; the tears trickled down his cheeks. ' To 
 whom is it,' he exclaimed, * 1 am going to yield 
 thee up ? To Franks, who will tie thee close, 
 who will beat thee, who will render thee mise- 
 rable ! Return with me, my beauty ! my jewel I 
 and rejoice the hearts of my children !' As he 
 pronounced the last words, he sprung upon her 
 back, and was out of sight in a moment." 
 
 Thus did this despised Arab show a sensi- 
 bility we might in vain look for among the 
 civilised Europeans, preferring his hard lot rather 
 than to attain riches by surrendering the animal 
 
BRITISH TURF. 59 
 
 he had reared in his tent and in the bosom of his 
 family, to what he supposed the unkind treat- 
 ment of strangers. 
 
 Sir John Malcolm relates two anecdotes to 
 the same purpose, but of a more amusing na- 
 ture. 
 
 '* When the British envoy, returning from 
 his former mission, was encamped near Bagdad, 
 an Arab rode a bright bay mare of extraordinary 
 shape and beauty before his tent, until he at- 
 tracted his attention. On being asked if he 
 would sell her, ' what will you give me V was 
 the reply. ' That depends upon her age ; I 
 suppose she is five off?' * Guess again,' said 
 he. 'Four?' * Look at her mouth,' said 
 the Arab, with a smile. On examination she 
 was found to be rising three. This, from her 
 size and symmetry, greatly enhanced her value. 
 The envoy said, ' I will give you fifty tomans 
 (a coin nearly of the value of a pound sterling). 
 
 * A little more, if you please,' said the fellow, 
 apparently entertained. ' Eighty.' ' A hun- 
 dred.' He shook his head and smiled. The 
 offer at last came to two hundred tomans. 
 
 • Well,' said the Arab, you need not tempt me 
 further ; it is of no use ; you are a rich elchee 
 (nobleman). You have fine horses, camels, and 
 
60 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 mules, and, I am told, you have loads of silver 
 and gold. Now', added he, ' you want my 
 mare, but you shall not have her for all you 
 have got.' ""^ 
 
 ** An Arab sheick, or chief, who lived within 
 fifty miles of Bussorah,.had a favorite breed of 
 horses. He lost one of his best mares, and 
 could not for a long while discover whether 
 she was stolen or had strayed. Some time after, 
 a young man of a different tribe, W'ho had long 
 wished to marry his daughter, but had always 
 been rejected by the sheick, obtained the dam- 
 sel's consent and eloped with her. The sheick 
 and his followers pursued, but the lover and 
 mistress mounted on one horse, made a won- 
 derful march, and escaped. Upon this the old 
 chief swore that the fellow was either mounted 
 upon the devil, or the favorite mare he had lost. 
 After his return, he found the latter was the 
 case ; that the lover was the thief of his mare, 
 as well as of his daughter, and that he stole the 
 one to enable him to carry off the other. The 
 sheick was quite gratified to think he had not 
 been beaten by a mare of another breed ; and 
 was easily reconciled to the young man, in order 
 
 * Malcolm's Sketches of Persia, vol. 1, p. 41. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 61 
 
 that he might recover the mare, which appeared 
 an object about which he was more sohcitous 
 than about his daughter."^ 
 
 The poverty of the Arabs enables them to 
 afford but scanty nourishment to their horses. 
 Besides the dry aromatic herbage they may 
 chance to pick up, the Arabian horse usually 
 has but one or two meals in twenty-four hours. 
 At night it receives a little water ; and five or 
 six pounds of barley or beans and a little straw. 
 In Nedjed the horses are regularly fed on dates, 
 and the fragments of any provisions that may 
 be used by the inhabitants ; and some writers 
 have even asserted, that flesh, raw as well as 
 boiled, is given them by the wealthy people, a 
 practice in the prevalence of which we are not 
 incUned to place much faith. Very httle water 
 is given, as the Arabs conceive (and justly) that 
 much liquid injures the horse's shape and affects 
 
 his wind. 
 
 The colt is mounted after its second year, 
 when the Arab on all other occasions so kind to 
 his horse, puts it to a cruelly severe trial. The 
 colt, or filly, is led out to be mounted for the 
 first time ; its master springs on its back, and 
 rides at full speed for perhaps fifty miles, over 
 sand and rock of the burning desert, without one 
 
 * Malcolm's Sketches of Persia, vol 1, p. 45. 
 
62 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 4 
 
 moment's respite. He then plunges it into 
 water enough to swim, and if immediately after 
 this, it will eat as if nothing had happened, its 
 purity of blood and staunchness are considered 
 incontrovertible . 
 
 Such is the account handed down to us by 
 respectable authorities, who in their turn re- 
 ceived it from the Arabs themselves ; but some 
 allowance should be made for the proneness 
 to exaggerate for which all eastern nations are 
 remarkable, more especially the Arabians ; and 
 glorying as they justly do in the prowess of their 
 beautiful steeds, it is not to be wondered at, 
 if they should sometimes enlarge upon it to 
 foreigners. 
 
 The greatest care is exercised in breeding the 
 kohlan, or kailhan, the noble race ; mucii cere- 
 mony takes place as well at the union of these 
 animals as at the birth of the foal ; and a certi- 
 ficate is made out, and properly authenticated, 
 within seven days after that event. It is gene- 
 rally believed that pedigrees of the noble race 
 of horses exist of not less than five hundred 
 years, with sire and dam distinctly traced. 
 The following pedigree is mentioned by Weston, 
 in his Fragments of Oriental Literature : it was 
 found hanging round the neck of an Arabian 
 horse purchased by Colonel Ainslie, during 
 the last campaign in Egypt against the French. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 63 
 
 '' In the name of God, the merciful and com- 
 passionate, and of Seyd Mohammed, agent of 
 the High God, and of the companions of Mo- 
 hammed and of Jerusalem. Praised be the 
 Lord, the omnipotent Creator. This is a high 
 bred horse, and its colt's tooth is here in a bag 
 about his neck, with his pedigree, and of un- 
 doubted authority, such as no infidel can refuse 
 to beheve. He is the son of Rabbaing, out of 
 the dam Lahadah, and equal in power to his sire, 
 of the tribe of Zazhalah. He is finely moulded, 
 and made for running like an ostrich, and great 
 in his stroke, covering much ground. In the 
 honors of relationship he reckons Zaluah, sire 
 of Mahat, sire of Kallack, and the unique Alket, 
 sire of Manasseth, sire of Alshek, father of the 
 race down to the famous horse the sire of Laka- 
 lala ; and to him be ever abundance of green 
 meat, and corn and water of life, as a reward 
 from the tribe of Zazhalah, for the fire of his 
 cover ; and may a thousand branches shade his 
 carcase from the hyena of the tomb, from the 
 howling wolf of the desert ; and let the tribe of 
 Zazhalah present him with a festival within an 
 enclosure of walls ; and let thousands assemble 
 at the rising of the sun, in troops, hastily, where 
 the tribe holds up, under a canopy of celestial 
 signs, within the walls, the saddle with the name 
 and family of the possessor. Then let them 
 
64 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 strike the hands with a loud noise incessantly, 
 and pray God for immunity for the tribe of 
 Zoab, the inspired tribe." 
 
 Next to the Arabian blood, we are indebted 
 to the Barb for our present breed of thorough 
 bred horses. This breed is from Barbary, and 
 particularly from Morocco and Fez, and the 
 interior of Tripoli ; and remarkable for its beau- 
 tiful form and graceful action. The barb was very 
 early introduced into this country. The Godol- 
 phin Barb, or as he has been improperly called, 
 the ^' Godolphin Arabian," of whom we have pre- 
 sented our readers with a cut,^ was the origin of 
 some of our best racing blood ; and others of our 
 most celebrated race horses trace their descent 
 from the African mares imported by Charles II. 
 
 GODOLPHIN BARB. 
 
 * For further particulars of this celebrated horse, vide p. 86. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 65 
 
 The climate and soil of the native country of 
 the barb, peculiarly resemble those of Arabia, 
 while the treatment of the horses is very similar 
 in both countries. 
 
 Besides these two celebrated breeds, we have 
 imported both Persian, Turkish and East Indian 
 horses. 
 
 Persia, from the remotest ages, has been cele- 
 brated for its horses. Sir John Malcolm ob- 
 serves : *' A variety of horses are produced in 
 Persia. The inhabitants of the districts which 
 border on the gulf, still preserve pure those 
 races of animals which their ancestors brought 
 from the opposite shore of Arabia. In Fars 
 and Irak they have a mixed breed from the 
 Arabian, which, though stronger, is still a small 
 horse, compared with either the Toorkoman or 
 Khorassan breed, which are most prized by the 
 soldiers of Persia. Both these latter races have 
 also a great proportion of Arabian blood." 
 
 The Persian horse and its management is thus 
 described by Sir Robert Ker Porter : 
 
 *' The Persian horses never exceed fourteen 
 or fourteen and a half hands high ; yet certainly, 
 on the whole, are taller than the Arabs. Those 
 of the desert, and country about Hillah, seem 
 very small, but are full of bone, and of good 
 speed. General custom feeds and waters them 
 
 VOL. I. F 
 
66 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 only at sunrise and sunset, when they are 
 cleaned. Their usual provender is barley and 
 chopped straw, which, if the animals are pi- 
 queted, is put into a nose-bag, and hung from 
 their heads ; but, if stabled, it is thrown into a 
 lozenge-shaped hole, left in the thickness of the 
 mud wall for that purpose, but much higher up 
 than the line of our mangers, and there the ani- 
 mal eats at his leisure. Hay is a kind of food 
 not known here. The bedding of the horse 
 consists of his dung. After being exposed to 
 the drying influence of the sun during the day, 
 it becomes pulverized, and, in that state, is 
 nightly spread under him. Little of it touches 
 his body, that being covered by his clothing, a 
 large mimmud, from the head to the tail, and 
 bound firmly round his body by a very long 
 surcingle. But this apparel is only for cold 
 weather ; in the warmer season the night clothes 
 are of a lighter substance, and during the heat 
 of the day the animal is kept entirely under 
 shade. 
 
 '' At night he is tied in the courtyard. The 
 horses' heads are attached to the place of secu- 
 rity by double ropes from their halters, and the 
 heels of their hinder legs are confined by cords 
 of twisted hair, fastened to iron rings and pegs 
 driven into the earth. The same custom pre- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 67 
 
 vailed in the time of Zenophon, and for the 
 same reason, to secure them from being able to 
 attack and maim each other, the whole stud 
 generally consisting of stallions. Their keepers 
 however, always sleep in their rugs amongst 
 them, to prevent accident ; and sometimes, not- 
 withstanding all their care, they manage to 
 break loose, and then the combat ensues. A 
 general neighing, screaming, kicking and snort- 
 ing, soon raise the grooms, and the scene for 
 awhile is terrible. Indeed, no one can conceive 
 the sudden uproar of such a moment, who has 
 not been in Eastern countries to hear it ; and 
 then all who have, must bear me witness that 
 the noise is tremendous. They seize, bite, and 
 kick each other, with tj^e most determined fury; 
 and frequently cannot be separated before their 
 heads and haunches stream with blood. Even 
 in skirmishes with the natives, their horses take 
 part in the fray, tearing each other with their 
 teeth, while their masters are in similar close 
 quarters on their backs." 
 
 We have the following description of a Per- 
 sian race, by the same author : 
 
 *' My curiosity was fully on the spur to see 
 the races, which I could not doubt must have 
 been chosen from the best in the nation, to 
 exhibit the perfections of its breed before the 
 
 F 2 
 
68 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 sovereign. The rival horses were divided into 
 three sets, in order to lengthen the amusement. 
 They had been in training several weeks, going 
 very often over the ground during that time ; 
 and when 1 did see them, I found so much pains 
 had been taken to sweat and reduce their weight, 
 that their bones were nearly cutting the skin. 
 The distance marked for the race was a stretch 
 of twenty-four miles ; and that his Majesty 
 might not have to wait when he had reached the 
 field, the horses had set forward long before, by 
 three divisions, from the starting point, (a short 
 interval of time passing between each set) so 
 that they might have to come in a few minutes 
 after the King had taken his seat. The different 
 divisions arrived in regular order at the goal, 
 but all so fatigued and exhausted, that their 
 former boasted fleetness hardly exceeded a mo- 
 derate canter when they passed before the royal 
 eyes." 
 
 The best breed of Turkish horses is descended 
 from those of Arabia and Persia ; but they 
 greatly exceed the horses of both those countries 
 in point of size. The body is even longer than 
 the Arabians, and the crupper more elevated. 
 They have contributed materially to the im- 
 provement of the English breed. 
 
 Mr. Evelyn thus enthusiastically describes a 
 
BRITISH TURF. 69 
 
 beautiful Turkish horse sent over to England 
 some time ago : 
 
 " I never beheld so delicate a creature ; some- 
 what of a bright bay, two white feet, a blaze ; 
 such a head, eyes, ears, neck, breast, belly, 
 haunches, legs, posterns, and feet in all respects 
 beautiful, and proportioned to admiration ; spi- 
 rited, proud, nimble, making halt, turning with 
 that swiftness, and in so small a compass, as was 
 admirable." 
 
 The Turkish horses are likewise remarkable 
 for their extreme docility, which is thus ac- 
 counted for by Busbequius, who was ambassador 
 at Constantinople in the seventeenth century ; 
 and it would be well, if both masters and grooms 
 would learn a lesson from the wisdom and hu- 
 manity of this truly worthy and benevolent 
 writer. 
 
 *' Nothing," writes Busbequius, '*can sur- 
 pass the gentleness of the Turkish horses ; and 
 their obedience to their masters and grooms is 
 very great. The reason is, they always treat 
 them with great kindness. I myself saw, when 
 I was in Pontus, passing through a part of 
 Bithynia called Axillon, towards Cappadocia, 
 how gentle the country people were to young 
 colts, and how kindly they used them soon after 
 they were foaled. 
 
70 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 '^ They took them into their own habitations, 
 cleansed, combed, and caressed them with as 
 much affection as they would their own chil- 
 dren. They hung something like a jewel about 
 their necks, and a broad ribbon, which was full 
 of amulets against poison, which they are most 
 afraid of. They never strike them, the grooms 
 that dress them being as gentle as their masters. 
 In return for this treatment, these animals natu- 
 rally acquire a great attachment to man, and 
 are always most tractable and easily managed. 
 The Turks take a pride in making them so tame 
 that they wdll kneel to be mounted at the word 
 of command, take up a stick or simitar from 
 the ground, and whenever the rider happens to 
 fall off, immediately stand still. But alas ! the 
 horses of our christian grooms generally and 
 with reason fear their keepers." 
 
BRITISH TURF. 71 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Arabian, Turkish, Barb, and Persian horses imported into 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Although no reasonable doubt can be enter- 
 tained that horses of Eastern origin were im- 
 ported into this country previous to the time of 
 James I, the most authentic account we have 
 refers to this period. 
 
 In the reign of this monarch, Mr. Markham, 
 a merchant, imported an Arabian, which he sold 
 to the King for £500. Not succeeding as a 
 racer, this horse tended to bring the Arabian 
 blood into disrepute in England. Accordingly, 
 with the exception of Place's white Turk, and 
 the royal mares, imported by Charles II, from 
 Tangiers in Africa, we find few, if any Eastern 
 horses were imported between that period and 
 the reign of Queen Ann. The Darley Arabian 
 was brought to England in the early part of the 
 reign of that Queen, which event forms the 
 gre'at epoch from which the history of the Turf 
 should be dated. 
 
72 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The following is a list of the Eastern horses 
 imported from that period ; and it is to be re- 
 gretted that much interesting and valuable in- 
 formation respecting them has been lost in the 
 lapse of time. The performances of the most 
 celebrated race horses, the produce of these 
 horses, will be given in this work. 
 
 The Brown Arabian, sire of Ariadne, was first 
 called the Northumberland Arabian, and after- 
 wards, being disposed of to Mr. Leedes, of 
 North Melford, Yorkshire, was distinguished in 
 his stud by the name of the Leedes Arabian. 
 He was foaled in 1755, and was purchased in 
 Zemine, of the Immaum or King of Sinna, in 
 Arabia Felix, at a very great expense, and 
 brought into England by Mr. Phillips^, a gentle- 
 man well known for his extensive skill and nice 
 judgment in the peculiar and distinguished 
 points and qualifications necessary in a race- 
 horse. The following is the account given of 
 this horse by Mr. Pick : 
 
 ** Mr. Phillips was sent into Arabia by the 
 Earl of Northumberland, purposely to select and 
 purchase for his Lordship such Arabian horses 
 
 * Mr. Phillips also brought into England with the Brown Ara- 
 bian another horse, which was distinguished in Lord Northum- 
 berland's stud by the name of " the Golden Arabian." He was 
 sire of his Lordship's Aurora, Ermine, Jew, and a few others. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 7^ 
 
 and mares as might appear best calculated to im- 
 prove the breed of horses in this country.^ The 
 Brown Arabian was a private stallion in Lord 
 Northumberland's stud until the year 176 6, when 
 he served mares at Mr. Leede's at 3^5. and 5s. 
 
 * This country is certainly pjreatly obliged to the late Duke of 
 Northumberland, for his endeavours to improve the breed of the 
 Enghsh horse ; for he spared no expense whatever in sending even 
 into the interior of Arabia, to procure horses of the true and ge- 
 nuine Arabian breed, of which, amongst others, the above was 
 only one. Much credit is due to the Arabians, as we have partially 
 observed elsewhere, for the distinct manner in which they give 
 attestations of the genealogy of their horses, when they sell them, 
 and which Mr. PhiUips procured with those he purchased for the 
 Duke. That gentleman bears witness to the fact of their preserving 
 the pedigree of their horses with great care and for several ages 
 back. They know their alliances and all their genealogy ; they dis- 
 tinguish the races by different names, and di^dde them into three 
 classes. The first is that of the nobles, the ancient breed, and un- 
 adulterated on either side ; the second is that of the horses of the 
 ancient race, but adulterated ; and the third is that of the common 
 and inferior kinds. The last they sell at a low price ; but those of 
 the first class, and even of the second, amongst which are found 
 horses of equal value to the former, are sold extremely dear. They 
 know, by long experience, the race of a horse by his appearance ; 
 they can tell the name, the surname, and the colour, and the 
 marks belonging to each. When they are not themselves pos- 
 sessed of staUions of the noble race for their mares, they borrow 
 from their neighbours, paying a proper price, as with us, and re- 
 ceive a written attestation of the whole. In this attestation is 
 contained the name of the horse and the mare, and their respective 
 genealogies. When the mare has produced her foal, new wit- 
 nesses are called, and a new attestation signed, in which are des- 
 cribed the marks of the foal, and the day noted when it was 
 brought forth. These attestations increase the value of the horse ; 
 and they are given to the person who buys him. 
 
74 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the groom ;^ in 1767, 1768, and several years 
 afterward, at 5gs. and 5s, He was also sire of his 
 Lordships 's Nonsuch, Acteeon, and Grizelda ; 
 of Mr. Shafto's Mittimus ; Mr. Jenning's Ultra- 
 marine ; Sir John Douglas's PhilHppo ; Mr. Mor- 
 rison's Dolly-0 &c. He served very few mares, 
 notwithstanding which there was not above two 
 or three of his get, but what were winners. 
 
 Mr. Honeywood's white Arabian, sire of the 
 grandams of Squirrel, &c., was first the property 
 of Sir John Williams, Bart., who sold him to 
 Mr. Turner, of Suffolk, from whom he was pur- 
 chased by Mr. Honeywood. He was also sire of 
 the two True Blues, who were both in a very 
 high form ; the elder was the best plate horse of 
 his day in England. It is not known whether 
 this Arabian covered any other blood mare be- 
 sides the Byerley Turk mare, the dam of the 
 two True Blues. 
 
 The Arabian, sire of Makeless, was the pro- 
 perty of Sir Thomas Oglethorpe, of Scotland ; 
 this Arabian was also sire of Bald Frampton, and 
 the famous Scotch galloway that beat, carrying 
 a feather, the Duke of Devonshire's Dimple, 7st. 
 71b, when Dimple had the whip at Newmarket. 
 
 * It being the custom to present the grooms who have the care 
 and management of stallions with an extra fee, when their services 
 are particularly required, the amount to be so given is always 
 fixed and advertised by the owner of the entire horse. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 75 
 
 The Cullen Arabian mare (by the CuUen Ara- 
 bian oat of an Arabian mare), dam of Principessa, 
 was bred by his Royal Highness the Duke of 
 Cumberland. She was a blood mare in Sir 
 Charles Sedley's stud, and was also the dam of 
 Sir C. Sedley's bay colt, ^olus, by Re- 
 
 gulus, ^ ' ^' 
 
 Sir C. Sedley's Ches. filly, Nottingham 
 
 Bess, by Changehng, 1759 
 
 Sir C. Sedley's Ches. filly. Lovely, Wor- 
 laby, Betty, Torrent, Potosi, Mary- Ann, 
 Aranjuez, Harper, Stride, and Bandy's 
 grandam, by Barbram, 1760 
 
 Sir C. Sedley's bay colt, Presto, by Mr. 
 
 Newcomb's Arabian, 1763 
 
 Sir C. Sedley's Ches. colt, Regulator, by 
 
 Careless, 1767 
 
 and several others. 
 
 The Newcombe Bay Mountain Arabian was 
 purchased at three years old, by Captain Bur- 
 ford, from the Thick of St. John Dirackiz in 
 1756 ; and when brought into England was sold 
 to Mr. Newcombe. He was allowed by breeders 
 to be one of the finest Arabians that had been 
 imported into this kingdom, being of a fine size, 
 with bone superior to most other foreign horses, 
 and more hke the Godolphin Barb than any 
 other horse that had been brought into this 
 country. He covered at Mr. John Giles's, at 
 
76 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Bowes Farm, near Southgate, Middlesex, in 
 1760, 1761, 1762, 1763, &c., at 5^5. and 5^, 
 He was also sire of Aldridge's Newcomb, Mr. 
 Crosoer's Slender, Jonas, &c. ; the Duke of 
 Bridgewater's Honest Billy, &c. He served 
 very few mares. 
 
 The Damascus Arabian (sire of Signal) was 
 a black brown horse, and foaled in 1754. He 
 arrived in England in September, 1760, and in 
 1761-2 and 3, he covered none but thorough 
 bred mares, at Mr. William Coates's, at Smea- 
 ton, near Northallerton, Yorkshire, at 5^5. and 
 55. the groom; in 1764 at Mr. Samuel Tate's, 
 at Mickleham, near Leatherhead, Surrey ; in 
 1765 again at Smeaton ; in 1766 at Mr. John 
 Tuting's at Newmarket, at one guinea and 
 2^. 6d, (none of his get having started) ; at the 
 same place in 1767 (on account of Signal's 
 superior running) he was again advanced to 5gs. 
 and 5s. ; in 1768 and 1769, at the same price ; 
 in 1770 at 5^5. and a half; in 1771 at Wick- 
 ham, near Witham, Essex, at 5^5. and 55 ; in 
 1772 and 1773, at the same place, at lOgs, 
 and 55. 
 
 This horse was generally thought to be of 
 the purest Arabian breed, without any mixture 
 of the Turcommor or Barb ; he possessed great 
 bone and substance, and was fourteen hands, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 77 
 
 half an inch, and upwards, which size is seldom 
 exceeded by Arabian horses. He was bred by 
 the Arab who was Sheick or Chief of Aeria, 
 noted for his breed of horses, and presented 
 when a foal, to the Bashaw of Damascus, and 
 given by him to a rich Turkey merchant at 
 Aleppo, with whom the Bashaw had great deal- 
 ings in money affairs. He was bought there at 
 two years old, by an English gentleman, in 
 whose possession he continued till his arrival 
 in England. This account was to be seen 
 certified on stamped paper, at Smeaton, as late 
 as 1807. He was sire of Mr. Vernon's Flush, 
 Mr. Marche's Mungo, and Trump, Sir F. Eve- 
 lyn's Atom, Mr. Sheele's Little Joe, Mr. Burl- 
 ton's Musti and Pigmy, Mr. Pleasant's Magpie, 
 &c. He got the dam of Mr. Wentworth's 
 Merry Wakefield, (afterwards Mr. W. Wilson's 
 Menelaus), which dam was also the dam of the 
 Ancaster Mare, that bred Mr. Fenton's Alegro, 
 Dapple, Miss Grimstone, &c. 
 
 The Brown Arabian, better known as the 
 Cullen Arabian, (sire of Camillus &c.) was 
 brought into England by Mr. Mosco, from 
 Constantinople, and afterwards became the 
 property of Lord Cullen ; he was bred in the 
 Royal Stud, highly esteemed for the purity and 
 genealogy of his blood, and presented to the 
 
78 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 British Consul, by the Emperor of Morocco. 
 The Cullen Arabian was also sire of Mr. Wil- 
 liam's Mosco, of Mr. Warren's Whimsey, 
 (Dragon's dam), Basto, Pickpocket, Molotto, 
 Madcap, &c. ; of Sir William St. Quintin's 
 Prince Ferdinand ; of Mr. George's Sourface ; 
 of Sir John Moore's Hackney ; of Mr. Grevelle's 
 Hobby-horse : of Mr. Wildman's Harlequin ; of 
 Lord Oxford's Matron, (dam of Delia, Gossamer, 
 Bay Richmond &c.) ; of Mr. Charles Turner's 
 Black Filley, (out of Fishmonger), and several 
 others. He got the dam of Sir Charles Sedley's 
 -^olus, Dovely, (Shede's grandam), Principessa, 
 (Heinel's dam). Presto, Regulator &c. ; and the 
 dam of Mr. JollifF's Fox-hunter. He got the 
 grandam of Cunegonde, (dam of Mr. Panton's 
 Ostrich) ; he also got the grandam of Amderby, 
 Alfred, Georgina, (Moorcock's dam). Dictator, 
 Eye-bright, Laurustinus &c. ; he likewise got 
 the dam of Mr, Goodricke's Old England mare, 
 that bred Trincolo ; Manilice, (Miss Judy's dam) 
 Imperatrix, (Septem's dam), Didapper, (Dol- 
 phin's dam), Guiler, Gaudy, Roman, Drowsy, 
 (Deserter's dam) &c. The Cullen Arabian 
 covered at Rushton, Northamptonshire, at ten 
 guineas and a half ; he died in the year 1 76 1 . 
 
 The Chesnut Arabian, (sire of Primrose), 
 was the property of Mr. Charles Wilson, and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 79 
 
 brought into England by the Kinoul, Ambas- 
 sador at Constantinople, where he cost above 
 £200 sterling, and was esteemed as high bred 
 as any horse in that country, being very com- 
 pact and exceedingly strong. He covered 
 several seasons at Mr. Dunn's at Oran, one 
 mile from Catterick, Yorkshire, at five guineas 
 and five shillings. He was also sire of Lord 
 Northumberland's Narcissus, Nimrod, and 
 Polydore, Lady Northumberland, Semiramis, 
 Mr. Scroope's Jingle, Jeffrey, Mr. Carr's 
 Nery, and a few other winners. 
 
 The Darley Arabian (sire of Childers) was the 
 property of Mr. Darley of Buttercramb, near 
 York. A brother of that gentleman being an 
 agent in merchandize abroad, became a mem- 
 ber of a Hunting Club, by which means he 
 acquired interest to procure the said Arabian 
 for a moderate sum, and which he sent over to 
 England, as a present to his brother. He also 
 got Almanzer, a very fleet horse ; the Duke of 
 Somerset's Whiteleys, own brother to Almanzor, 
 and thought to be as good, but meeting with 
 an accident, he never ran in public ; Cupid 
 and Brisk, good horses ; Dsedalus, a very fleet 
 horse ; Skipjack, Manica, Aleppo, Brisk, Bul- 
 lyrook, Whistlejacket, and Dart, good plate 
 horses, though out of indifferent mares, and 
 
80 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Lord Tracey's Whimsey, a good plate mare. He 
 covered only a few mares besides Mr. Darley'Sc 
 The Lonsdale Bay Arabian (sire of Monkey 
 and Spider), was also sire of Lord Lonsdale's 
 Jigg, that won the October Stakes of two 
 hundred and fifty guineas at Newmarket, in 
 October, 1736, beating Lord Middleton's 
 Shambleshanks, Mr. Panton's Cato, the Duke 
 of Bolton's Little John, and five others. He 
 was also sire of his Lordship's Juba, Cyrus, 
 Kouli Kan, Ugly, Nathan, Sultan, and seve- 
 ral others ; he got the dam of Miss Ramsdon, 
 who bred Eumenes, Woodpecker, Quicksand, 
 Wormwood and Whipcord ; he got the grandam 
 of Mr. Ellis's Diana ; the grandam of Sir Jo- 
 seph Pennington's Creeping Kate ; the great 
 grandam of Mr. Shafto's Goldfinder, &c. &c. 
 He covered but a few mares, and those chiefly 
 Lord Lonsdale's. It may be remarked that 
 many of our best race horses are traced to 
 him. At the time he was a stallion, there 
 were also the following celebrated sires in 
 service : viz. the Alcock Arabian, Aleppo, 
 Almanzor, Astridge Ball, Basto, Bald Galloway, 
 Bay Beltor, Bloody Buttocks, Bloody Shoul- 
 der 'd Arabian, Belgrade Turk, Bethell's Ara- 
 bian, Bartlett's Childers, Bolton's Sweepstakes, 
 Baltor's Starling, Burlington's Barb, Crab, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 81 
 
 Crofts's Egyptian Horse, Curwin's Jew Trump, 
 Coneyskin's Cinnamon, Chaunter, Catouch, Cy- 
 prus Arabian, Devonshire's Childers, Devonshire's 
 Arabian, Devonshire's Blacklegs, Dunkirk, Easby 
 Snake, Fox, Fox Club, Graeme's Champion, Grey- 
 hound, Younghound, Grey Barb at Hampton 
 Court, Grey Crofts at Hampton Court, Godol- 
 phin Arabian, Gallant's Smiling Tom, Hutton's 
 White Hunter, Hartley's Blind Horse, Hip. 
 Hall's Arabian, Hutton's Grey Childers, Hamp- 
 ton Court Childers, Hutton's Blacklegs, Hob- 
 goblin, Heneage's Whitenose, Jigg, Johnston's 
 Turk, Leedes, Litton's Chesnut Arabian, Lamp- 
 rie, Manica, Metcalf's Harlequin, Matthews 's Per- 
 sian, Manner's Doctor, Nottingham's Arabian, 
 Newton's Arabian, Oysterfoot, Pigett's Turk, 
 Partner, Ruffler, Royal, Sorehues, Skipjack, 
 Strickland's Arabian, Smalis's Childers, Tifter, 
 Woodcock, Wood's Counsellor, Wyndham, Wil- 
 liam's Squirrel, Wynn's Arabian, Young Bel- 
 grade, Young True Blue, and many others. 
 
 The Coombe Arabian (sire of Methodist) was 
 first called Mr. Piggott's Grey Arabian, and after- 
 wards Lord Bolingbroke's Grey Arabian. He 
 covered at Chesterton Hall, near Stilton, Hun- 
 tingdonshire, in 1770 and 1771, at 10^5. and 5s., 
 and in 1772 at Pokesley Green, two miles from 
 Stoney Stratford, Northamptonshire, at the same 
 price. He was also sire of Lord OfFord's Delia, 
 Jansanist, and Europa ; of Mr. Vernon's Minima ; 
 
 VOL. I. G 
 
82 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Lord Bolingbroke's Philippo ; Mr. Piggott's Mil- 
 lico ; Lord Craven's Pastime ; Mr. Foley's Mus- 
 sulman, &c. He likewise got the Dam of Thet- 
 ford, Crop, Elder, Grace, Feenow, Kiss-my-lady, 
 Nobleman, &c. 
 
 Mr. Bell's Grey Arabian, sire of Mistake, 
 first covered in 1765, at Mr. Carver's, Goulder's 
 Green, near Barnet, Hampstead, and Hendon, 
 Middlesex, at lOgs. and 5s. the groom. He also 
 covered, at the same place and price, in 1766, 
 and from that year till 1772. 
 
 This truly valuable horse is said to have been one 
 of the purest and most esteemed breed amongst 
 the Arabs that has ever yet been brought to the 
 Western parts of Europe, having been purchased 
 at the distance of thirty days' journey from St. 
 John d'Acre, the nearest sea port to the deserts 
 of Arabia, by Philip John, an Armenian, sent by 
 Mr. Bell on purpose, and with an unlimited com- 
 mission to buy the best and most genuine breed 
 horse he could find in Arabia at any price ; and 
 who, as well from his great skill in horses, as 
 from his perfect acquaintance with the language 
 and manners of Arabs, was enabled to execute the 
 commission Mr. Bell had given him, in a manner 
 no other European could have done ; in consequence 
 of which, by his address and by means of the 
 valuable presents he made to Beny-Suckr, the 
 principal chief and commander of all the different 
 tribes of Arabs of those deserts, and to the sheiks, 
 other great men there, he not only got permis- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 83 
 
 sion to travel into any parts of the deserts, and 
 to take his choice of all the most esteemed horses 
 there, but even obtained the favour of purchasing 
 Bell's Arabian out of Beny Suckr's own stud, 
 with an undoubted assurance and testimonial, 
 signed by all the principal officers and chief men 
 of the country, of this horse being of the right Jelfz 
 blood, the most valuable breed in all Arabia, and 
 in every respect being a true and perfect Arab 
 horse. Mr. Bell gave out that this was the most 
 perfect, if not the first and only horse of the 
 genuine and most valuable Arab breed, that had 
 ever before been brought into England ; and at 
 the same time, from the great original price paid 
 for him, the value of the presents made to the 
 Arabs, the great expense incurred by having a 
 guard of ten men that Beny Suckr sent to attend 
 him during a journey of thirty days through the 
 deserts to St. John d'Acre ; his being carried from 
 thence by land to Aleppo, from Aleppo to England 
 ^ by sea, with the charges of the person who pur- 
 chased him during his journeys and voyages for 
 upwards of three years, was also the most costly 
 Arabian horse that had yet been seen in England 
 up to that period, viz : 1765. 
 
 He was the sire of the Duke of Northumber- 
 land's Voltaire, Ticklepitcher, Babble, &c : of Sir 
 C. Bunbury's Orlando and Lazarus ; of the Duke 
 of Bolton's Cobscar, and Close; of Lord Clermont's 
 
 G 2 
 
84 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Bellissimo ; Mr. Strode's Belinda ; Mr. Bethell's 
 Harlequin ; Mr. Walker's Juliana ; Mr. Jake's 
 Atalanta; Mr. Williams's Shropshire Lass, &c. 
 
 THE GODOLPHTN ARABIAN. 
 
 This extraordinary horse was of a brown bay 
 colour, with some white on the off heel behind, 
 and supposed to have been foaled in 1 724 ; he 
 stood about 15 hands high. He was long consi- 
 dered an Arabian, although his points resembled 
 more those of the highest breed of Barbs. It is 
 now generally believed that he was imported into 
 France from Barbary, and there is reason to believe 
 was sent as a present from the Emperor of Moroc- 
 co to Louis XIV. So little was he valued in 
 France, says the author of the Sportsman's Repo- 
 sitory, that he was actually employed in the drud- 
 gery of drawing a cart in Paris. He was brought 
 into England by Mr. Coke, who gave him to Mr. 
 Roger Williams, proprietor of the St. James's 
 Coffee House. As we intend giving the perform- 
 ances of the most celebrated of his get, it would 
 be superfluous to do more here, than to remark, 
 that every superior race horse, since his time up 
 to the present day, partakes of his valuable blood. By 
 Mr. Williams he was presented to the Earl of Godol- 
 phin, in whose possession he continued as a private 
 stallion till his death. He was teazer to HobgobHn in 
 
BRITISH TURF. S5 
 
 the years 1 730 and 1 73 1 , and on the latter refus- 
 ing to cover Roxana, she was put to the Godolphin 
 Arabian, and from that cover produced Lath ; 
 the first horse the supposed Arabian got. 
 
 Lath was one of the finest horses of his day, 
 and was pronounced by the most skilled, at that 
 time, to be the best that had appeared at New- 
 market for many years previous to his time, 
 Childers only excepted. The Godolphin Arabian 
 died at Hog-Magog in Cambridgeshire in 1753, 
 being supposed to have been then in the 29th year 
 of his age, and is buried in a covered passage, lead- 
 ing to the stable, with a flat stone over him, with- 
 out any inscription. At his interment, ale and cake 
 were given, as at that afterwards of the celebrated 
 race horse Eclipse. 
 
 There is an original portrait of this remarkable 
 horse, by Seymour, in the collection of the Mar- 
 quis of Cholmondeley, at Houghten Hall, Norfolk, 
 and another picture of him with his favorite cat, 
 in the library at Hog-Magog, in Cambridgeshire. 
 He was represented in all the prints of the day 
 with his favorite cat, and such was the regard 
 existing between them, that the cat really pined 
 to death for the loss of the horse. 
 
 The Godolphin Arabian was remarkable also for 
 the almost unnatural highness of his crest, as ap- 
 pears in the wood-cut. The Duke of Portland, it 
 is well known, once possessed a horse with the 
 same singularity. 
 
86 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Godolphin was sire to the following fine 
 horses and mares. Those marked (a) were the 
 first produce of their respective dams. It is worthy 
 of remark that the greater proportion of both colts 
 and fillies, produced by this celebrated horse, were 
 of a bay colour hke himself. This blood has now, 
 however, been so much crossed, that his descen- 
 dants are to be met with of all colors. 
 
 COLTS. 
 
 Foaled. Colour. 
 
 1750, B. 
 
 1754, G. 
 
 1737, B. 
 1740, 
 
 „ B. 
 
 „ B. 
 
 1748, G. 
 
 1757, G. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Alchymist, 
 
 3> 
 
 » 
 
 Baybraham, 
 
 Bajazet, 
 
 Blank, 
 
 Blossom, 
 
 Brag, 
 
 1742, Dun, Buffcoat, 
 
 1734, B. 
 
 1746, B. 
 
 1752, G. 
 1750, G. 
 
 1753, G. 
 
 Cade, 
 Chub, 
 Creepe, 
 Cripple, (a) 
 Cygnet, 
 
 Deputy aftenvards Lofty, 
 
 „ B. Dimple, 
 1733, Dismal, 
 
 Dam. 
 
 Crab, 
 
 >y 
 
 Danger, M. 
 Large Hartley* 
 Whitefoot, 
 Little Hartley* 
 Blossom, 
 
 >y 
 
 Silverlocks, 
 Roxana,t 
 Hobgoblin, M. 
 Blossom, 
 
 Blossom, 
 Spinster, 
 Hobgoblin, 
 » 
 
 Owners. 
 
 Mr. Popham. 
 Mr. Vernon. 
 Sir. Js. Dutton. 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 Mr. Greville. 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 Lord March. 
 Duke of Grafton. 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 » 
 
 » 
 
 Lord Eglenton. 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 Mr. Panton. 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 it 
 
 * Flying Wing by the Woodstock Arabian dam of the Hartley 
 Mares ; the large Hartley mare, by Hartley's bhnd horse ; the little 
 Hartley mare by Bartlett's ChUders. Both mares were bought by 
 Lord Godolphin' s stud groom, for two hundred guineas, of Mr. 
 Hartley in 1732. 
 
 t Roxana died within a fortnight after foaling, and Cade was 
 reared with cow's milk. 
 

 
 BRITISH TURF, 
 
 87 
 
 Foaled. 
 
 Colour. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Dam. 
 
 Owners. 
 
 1738, 
 
 B. 
 
 Dormouse, (a) 
 
 Partner, 
 
 »» 
 
 1749, 
 
 B. 
 
 Entrance, 
 
 Hobgoblin, 
 
 Duke of Cumberland 
 
 1751, 
 
 B. 
 
 Fearnought, 
 
 J5 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 >y 
 
 B. 
 
 Feather, 
 
 Childers, m. 
 
 Mr. Panton. 
 
 1748. 
 
 B. 
 
 Gower, (s. a) 
 
 Whitefoot, 
 
 Lord Gower. 
 
 j» 
 
 B. 
 
 Godolphin, G. 
 
 Hobgoblin, 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1738. 
 
 B. 
 
 Janus, 
 
 Little Hartley, 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1746, 
 
 B. 
 
 Infant, (a) 
 
 Hobgoblin, 1737 Lord Sandwich. 
 
 1732, 
 
 B. 
 
 Lath, (a) 
 
 Roxana, 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1745, 
 
 Bl. 
 
 Marlborough, 
 
 Large Hartley, 
 
 D. of Marlborough. 
 
 1754, 
 
 B. 
 
 Matchless, 
 
 Soreheels, 
 
 Mr. Panton. 
 
 1749, 
 
 B. 
 
 Mirza, 
 
 Hobgoblin, 
 
 Mr. Suymum. 
 
 
 
 Mogul, 
 
 Large Hartley, 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1744, 
 
 B. 
 
 Noble, 
 
 Hobgoblin, 
 
 Mr. Greville. 
 
 1741, 
 
 B. 
 
 Old England, 
 
 Little Hartley, 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1754, 
 
 B. 
 
 Posthumus, 
 
 Spinster, 
 
 Mr. Panton. 
 
 1739, 
 
 
 Regulus, 
 
 Gray Robinson 
 
 1, Lord Chedworth. 
 
 1741, 
 
 B. 
 
 Shewball, 
 
 Whitefoot, 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1745, 
 
 
 Tarquin, 
 
 j> 
 
 i» 
 
 1752, 
 
 B. 
 
 Weasel, 
 
 Fox, 
 
 »> 
 
 1742, 
 
 B. 
 
 Whitenose, 
 
 Childers, M. 
 
 Mr. Panton. 
 
 1739, 
 
 B. 
 
 n 
 
 r Young Kitty 
 \ Burdett,* 
 
 ^Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1741, 
 
 B. 
 
 »> 
 
 i> 
 
 Sir Thomas Reade. 
 
 
 
 
 FILLIES. 
 
 
 1748, 
 
 
 Amelia, 
 
 *> 
 
 Mr. Crofts. 
 
 1754, 
 
 B. 
 
 Anna, 
 
 Cloudy, 
 
 Lord Townsend. 
 
 1751, 
 
 Br. 
 
 Dainty, 
 
 Crab, 
 
 Lord March 
 
 1753, 
 
 B. 
 
 Daphne, 
 
 Fox, 
 
 Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1751, 
 
 B. 
 
 Emma, 
 
 Hobgoblin, 
 
 Mr. Lincoln. 
 
 1749, 
 
 
 Jilt, 
 
 Blossom, 
 
 Mr. Panton. 
 
 1753, 
 
 Br. 
 
 MissCranbournaMiss Western, 
 
 D. of Cumberlai 
 
 * Young Kitty Burdett foaled in 1720, by Old Smale's out of 
 Kitty Burdett, sister to Whimsey by the Darly Arabian. 
 
88 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Foaled. Colour. Name, Dam. OwTiers. 
 
 1754, Miss Windsor, { ^^^^^ ^^°^^ ^^ } 
 
 1743, B. Shepherdess, (a) Hobgoblin, Mr. Martindale. 
 
 1748, B. Sophia, „ Mr. Harvey. 
 
 1747, B. Pirn's dam, „ Lord Sandwich. 
 
 1750, B. „ „ Lord Grosvenor. 
 1752, Hip's dam, „ Lord Godolphin. 
 
 1751, Grand dam of Marplot, „ Lord Eglinton. 
 1739, Merhn's dam. Large Hartley, „ 
 
 1738, Dun BiiUian's dam, (a) Silverlocks, Mr. Crofts. 
 
 1739, Dam of Well-done „ Sir John Moore. 
 1746, B. „ Large Hartley, Lord Craven. 
 
 *» B. „ Whitefoot, 
 
 1752, B. „ Soreheels, Lord Waldegrave. 
 
 It is worthy of remark that the great proportion 
 of both colts and fiUies, produced by this cele- 
 brated horse were of a bay colour like himself. 
 This blood has now, however, been so much 
 crossed, that his descendants are to be met with 
 of all colours. 
 
 The Curwen Bay Barb (one of the dam of Part- 
 ner) was a present to Louis XIV., from Muley 
 Ishmael, King of Morocco, and was brought into 
 England by Mr. Curwen of Workington, Cumber- 
 land ; who being in France when Count Bizham 
 and Count Thoulouse (two natural sons of Louis 
 XIV) were, the former was Master of the Horse, 
 and the latter an Admiral, he procured of them 
 two Barb horses, which he conveyed to England ; 
 both of which proved to be most excellent stal- 
 lions. The Curwen Bay Barb was distinguished 
 for several years, by the bare style of the Bay 
 
BRITISH TURF. 89 
 
 Barb, and was as well known to sportsmen by 
 that name as he would have been had there 
 never been another Barb Horse of his colour in 
 the kingdom. He did not cover many mares ex- 
 cept Mr. Curwen's and Mr. Preham's. 
 
 The Barb Mare (great great grandam of Miss 
 Layton) was a present from the Emperor of Moroc- 
 co to Lord Arlington, Secretary to King Charles 
 n, who sold her to Mr. Wilkinson. 
 
 Mr. Compton's Barb, sire of Coquette, after- 
 wards became the property of Sir Charles Sedley, 
 Bart, and was then styled, '' the Sedley Grey 
 Arabian." He was also sire of Lord Bolingbroke's 
 Bistern, Sir E. Sedley 's Greyling, Spillikin and 
 Rouleau ; Mr. Strode's Rebus and Pudenda ; Mr. 
 Walker's Baby ; Lord Clermont's Toledo ; Mr. 
 Pultenay's Prude, &c. 
 
 The Thoulouse Barb became the property of 
 Sir John Parsons of Ryegate, Surrey ; and was 
 afterwards sold to the Earl of Burlington ; he was 
 sire of the famous mare called the Ryegate mare, 
 which was the dam of Cinnamon, &c. he also got 
 Mr. Panton's Molly ; Sir William Blackett's Bag- 
 piper, and Blacklegs ; Mr. Thompson's Rosamond ; 
 and many others. 
 
 The Marshall or Selaby Turk, (sire of the dam 
 of Wyndham) was the property of Mr. Marshall's 
 brother, stud groom to King William, Queen 
 Anne, and King George the First, which Turk, 
 after his brother's decease, became his own pro- 
 
90 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 perty. Turk was sire of Mr. Curwen's Old 
 Spot, (that got the dam of Mixbury, and the 
 grandam of Mr. Croft's Partner ;) he also got the 
 dam of Mr. Rawlinson's Spot, (afterwards Lord 
 Portmore's ;) the dam of Lord Derby's Tickle- 
 pitcher ; the dam of the Hampton Court White- 
 neck ; the grandam of the Duke of Bolton's Sloven 
 and Fearnought ; the grandams of Mr. Cowling's 
 Peggy-grieves-me, Whitenose, and Richmond 
 Ball. 
 
 The Byerley Turk (sire of Basto) was Captain 
 Byerley's charger in Ireland in King William's 
 wars, (1689, etc.) and afterwards proved a most 
 excellent stallion, though he did not cover many 
 well bred mares. He was sire of the Duke of 
 Kingstone's Sprite, who was allowed to be nearly 
 as good as Leedes ; of Sir Roger Moyston's Jigg, 
 (sire of Mr. Croft's Partner) of the Duke of Rut- 
 land's Archer and Black Hearty, (sire of Bonny 
 Black) ; of Lord Bristol's Grasshopper, Lord 
 Godolphin's Byerley gelding, Mr. Knightley's 
 mare, etc. all in very high forms as racers. He 
 got the dams of Lord Halifax's Farmer Mare (dam 
 of his Lordship's Miss Halifax,) SirW. W. Wynn's 
 Looby, Mr. Smales's Childers, etc. The great 
 grandam of Lord Godolphin's Whitefoot, Wryfoot, 
 and Morat, which grandam of the said three was 
 the dam of Grey Ramsden and great great grandam 
 of the Bolton Fearnought. 
 
 Hautboy (sire of Grey Hautboy that got Bay 
 
BRITISH TURF. 91 
 
 Bolton and Lampice) was bred by the d'Arcy 
 family, and got by the White d'Arcy or Sedbury 
 Turk out of a Royal Mare. King Charles II sent 
 abroad the Master of the Horse (which was said by 
 some to be Sir Christopher Wyvill, and by others 
 Sir John Fenwick) in order to procure a number of 
 foreign high-bred horses and mares for breeding ; 
 and the mares thus procured by the king's interest 
 and brought into England (as also several of their 
 offspring) have been called Royal Mares ; one of 
 which was the dam of Hautboy. He was never 
 trained for racing, and was well known to sports- 
 men and breeders by the name of Wilkes's Old 
 Hautboy. He was sire of Old Wyndham, Mr. 
 Fell's Painted Lady, Sir John Parson's Ploughman, 
 Farmer and Clumsy, all three bred by Mr. Wilkes ; 
 the latter of which was sire of Old Fox and Fox 
 Club. Hautboy also got the mare that was the 
 dam of Mr. Darley's Almanzor, Terror and Cham- 
 pion ; the dam of Mr. Lister's Snake ; the dam of 
 the sire of the Gardener Mare, and several 
 others. 
 
 The Acaster Turk, was sire of Chaunter's Terror 
 and Mr. Thwaite's Dun Mare (dam of Mr. 
 Beaver's Driver.) He got the dam of Mr. Wil- 
 liams's Squirrel ; the dam of Mr. Ovington's 
 famous Roxana (dam of Lath and Cade ;) the dam 
 of Mr. Coke's Silverlocks, who was the dam of 
 Lord Portmore's Silvertail, Lord Godolphin's 
 Buffcoat, and grandam of Mr. Croft's Brilliant* 
 
92 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Mr. Scroope's Trusty's dam was own sister to 
 Silverlocks ; Mr. Panton's Cato was out of an own 
 sister to Roxana ; and Mr. Greville's Molly Long- 
 legs's dam was out of an own sister to Cato. He 
 covered very few mares. 
 
 The Belgrade Turk (sire of Young Belgrade), 
 was taken at the Siege of Belgrade in Turkey, 
 from the Bashaw of that place, by General Merce, 
 by whom he was sent to the Prince de Craon, who 
 presented him to the Prince of Lorraine (afterwards 
 Emperor) whose Minister in London sold him to 
 Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, Bart, in whose possession 
 he died about the year 1740. 
 
 The White Turk (sire of the Old Thornton 
 Mare) was the property of Mr. Place, stud groom 
 to Oliver Cromwell, when Lord Protector of Eng- 
 land. He was also sire of Mr. Crofts's Com- 
 moner, Wormwood, etc. he got the great grandams 
 of Old Sear, Wyndham Crutches, Old Cartouch 
 and several others. 
 
 The Turk (sire of Snake) was brought into 
 England by the Duke of Berwick, from the siege of 
 Buda in the reign of King James H., and was as 
 often called the Shadling as the Lister Turk ; he 
 was also sire of the Duke of Kingstone's Brisk and 
 Peping Peg ; of the Duke of Rutland's Coneyskins, 
 and of the grandam of the Duke of Bolton's 
 Sweepstakes. 
 
 The Turk (sire of Batt), was the property of 
 Sir WiUiam Strickland, Bart, and was sire of 
 
BRITISH TURF. 93 
 
 Colonel Howard's Chesnut Mare, that won the 
 King's Plate for mares at Newmarket in 1728, 
 beating eleven others. He covered very few 
 mares. 
 
94 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Zoological Classification of the Horse — Its external structure — Teeth, 
 &c. — Size, Formation, Cdlour, Speed, &c. of the thorough-bred 
 Horse. 
 
 Before proceeding further on the subject, we 
 consider it highly, if not absolutely necessary, 
 to give some explanation of the generic character 
 and external structure of the horse. 
 
 The genus equus, or horse, is placed by the 
 great naturalist. Baron Cuvier, in the class 
 Mammalia, which contains those animals that 
 suckle their young, and forms the ninth genus of 
 his sixth order, called Pachydermata. 
 
 The class Mammalia is still exceedingly large, 
 and we find it thus subdivided.^ 
 
 1. Those whose extremities are divided into 
 fingers or toes, scientifically called unguiculata 
 from the Latin word for nail ; and, 2, those 
 whose extremities are hoofed, scientifically called, 
 ungulata, from the Latin word for hoof, 
 
 * Library of Entertaining Knowledge, (Vol. I. p. 13). 
 
BRITISH TURF. 95 
 
 The extremities of the first are armed with claws, 
 or nails, which enable them to grasp, to climb, or 
 to burrow. The extremities of the second tribe, 
 are employed merely to support and move the 
 body. 
 
 The extremities of the horse are covered with 
 a hoof, by which the body is supported, and with 
 which he cannot grasp anything, and therefore 
 he belongs to the tribe ungulata or hoofed. 
 
 But there is a great variety of hoofed animals. 
 The elephant, the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, 
 the swine, the horse, the sheep, the deer, and 
 many others, are ungulata or hoofed. They admit 
 however, of an easy division. Some of them 
 masticate or chew their food, and it is imme- 
 diately received into the stomach, and digested ; 
 but in others, the food, previous to digestion, 
 undergoes a very singular process ; it is returned 
 to the mouth, to be re-masticated or chewed 
 again. These are called ruminantia or ruminantSy 
 from the food being returned from one of the 
 stomachs, (for they have four) called the rumen ^ 
 or paunch, to be chewed again. 
 
 The ungulata that do not ruminate, are some- 
 what improperly called pachydermata, from the 
 thickness of their skins. .The horse does not 
 ruminate, and therefore belongs to the order 
 pachydermata. 
 
 The pachydermata who have only one toe, 
 belong to the family solipeda, single-footed. There- 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 fore the horse ranks under the division vertebrata ; 
 the class mammaUa ; the tribe ungulata ; the 
 order pachydermata ; and the family solipeda. 
 
 The solipeda consists of several species, as the 
 horse, the ass, the mule, and the quagga. 
 
 First stands the Equus Caballus, or Common 
 Horse. 
 
 Animals are likewise distinguished according 
 to the number, description, and situation of their 
 teeth. The horse has six incisers or cutting 
 teeth, in the front of each jaw, and one canine 
 tooth, or tusk. 
 
 On each side, above and below, and at some 
 distance from the incisers, behind the canines, 
 and with some intervening space, are six molar 
 teeth, or grinders ; and these molar teeth have 
 flat crowns, with ridges of enamel, and that 
 enamel penetrating into the substance of the 
 tooth. 
 
 The whole is thus represented by natural his- 
 torians, and the reader will comprehend our 
 meaning, when we are speaking of other ani- 
 mals. 
 
 Horse incisers ^, canine u, molar n ; total, forty 
 teeth. 
 
 In the Linneean arrangement, the horse is placed 
 with the hippopotamos, as a genus of the order 
 Belinse ; according to Erxlebar, it ranks between 
 the elephant and the dromedary. 
 
 Storr made a separate order of it, he followed 
 
BRITISH TURF. 9? 
 
 the ruminantia, under the name Solipedes. Baron 
 Cuvier adopted this classification in his first edi- 
 tion of the Regne Animal, but subsequently 
 placed it in the order Pachydermata. The fol- 
 lowing are distinctions of the horse according to 
 Linnaeus. 
 
 The tail is long, with hair all over ; the mane is 
 long, and he is without any humeral stripe. It 
 is a generous, proud, and strong animal ; fit for 
 all the purposes of man ; for the draught, the 
 course, or the road ; he is delighted with the 
 freedom of open pastures ; he is fearful of being 
 touched on his hinder quarters ; defends himself 
 from the flies with his tail, scratches his fellow, 
 defends his young, calls by neighing, sleeps after 
 night-fall, fights by kicking and biting, rolls on 
 the ground when weary and perspiring, bites the 
 grass closer than the ox, wants a gall-bladder, 
 never vomits ; the foal is produced with the 
 legs stretched out ; he is injured by being struck 
 on the ear, or upon the stifle, by his being caught 
 by the nose in barracks, by having his teeth 
 rubbed wdth grease, and by various herbs. His 
 diseases vary in diflerent countries and climates. 
 With us the glanders, a consumption of the 
 ethmoid bones of the nose, called the nose, is the 
 most fatal and infectious disease. He eats hem- 
 lock without injury ; he has no canine teeth till 
 five years of age. 
 
 *' Of all quadrupeds,'* says Buflbn, '' the horse 
 
 VOL. I. H 
 
98 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 possesses, along with grandeur of stature, the 
 greatest elegance and proportion of parts. 
 By comparing him with the animals above or 
 below him, we find that the ass is ill-made, and 
 that the head of the lion is too large ; that the 
 limbs of the ox are too slender, and too short in 
 proportion to the size of his body ; that the camel 
 is deformed ; and that the grosser animals, — as the 
 rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and elephant, — may be 
 considered as rude and shapeless masses. 
 
 " The great difference between the head of a 
 man, and that of the quadruped, consists in the 
 length of their jaws, which is the most ignoble 
 of all characters. But, although the jaws of the 
 horse be very long, he has not, like the ass, an 
 air of imbecility, nor, like the ox of stupidity. 
 The regularity and proportion of the parts of his 
 head, give him a light and sprightly aspect, 
 being gracefully attached to his finely arched neck, 
 which is well supported by the beauty of his chest. 
 He elevates his head, as if anxious to exalt him- 
 self above the condition of other quadrupeds. In 
 this noble attitude he regards man, face to 
 face. 
 
 '' His eyes are open, lively, and intelligent ; his 
 ears handsome, and of a proper height, being nei- 
 ther too long, like those of the ass, nor too short, 
 like those of the bull. His mane adorns his grace- 
 ful neck, and gives him the appearance of strength 
 and courage. His long bushy tail covers and ter- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 99 
 
 minates with advantage the extremity of his body ; 
 his tail, — very different from the short tails of the 
 deer, elephant, and hippopotamus, and from the 
 naked tails of the ass, camel, and rhinoceros, — is 
 formed of long thick hairs, which seem to rise 
 from his crupper, because the trunk from which 
 they proceed is very short. He cannot, like the 
 lion, elevate his tail ; but though pendulous, it 
 becomes him better, and as he can move it from 
 side to side, it serves him to drive off the flies 
 w^hich incommode him; for though his skin is 
 very firm and well garnished with close hair, it is 
 nevertheless, very sensible." 
 
 The attachment of the horse's head above the rest 
 of his frame especially contributes to give him a grace- 
 ful aspect ; its most advantageous position is when 
 the front is perpendicular to the horizon. The supe- 
 rior ridge of his neck, from which the mane issues, 
 should first rise in a straight line from the withers, 
 and then, as it approaches the head, form 
 a curve nearly similar to that of a swan's neck. 
 The inferior part of the neck should have no 
 curvature, but rise in a straight line from the 
 breast to the under jaw, with a small inclination 
 forward. If it rose in a perpendicular direction, 
 its symmetry and gracefulness would be greatly 
 diminished. The superior part of the neck should 
 be thin, with little flesh near the mane, which ought 
 to be decorated with long, flowing, and delicate 
 hair. The neck, to be fine, must be long, elevated 
 
 H 2 
 
100 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and proportioned to the general size of the animal. 
 When too long, the horse commonly throws back 
 his head ; and when too short and fleshy, the head 
 is heavy to the hand in riding. 
 
 The head of the horse should not be too long, 
 and it ought to be rather thin than otherwise. 
 The front should be narrow, and a little convex ; 
 the eye-pits well filled, and the eyelids thin ; the 
 eyes large and prominent, clear, lively and spark- 
 ling, with fiery glances ; the pupil should be large ; 
 the under jaw should be a little thick, but not 
 fleshy ; the nose slightly arched, the nostrils open 
 and deep, and divided by a thin septum, or parti- 
 tion ; the ears should be small, erect, and narrow, 
 but not too stifl*, and placed on the upper part of 
 the head, at a proper distance from each other, 
 but not too wide, as this always gives a horse a 
 disagreeable aspect ; the mouth should be delicate, 
 and moderately split ; the withers sharp and ele- 
 vated ; the shoulders flat and not confined ; the 
 back equal, a little arched lengthwise, and raised 
 on each side of the spine, which should have the 
 appearance of being slightly sunk ; the flanks short, 
 and full ; the crupper round and plump ; the 
 haunches well furnished with muscular flesh ; the 
 dock or fleshy part of the tail firm and thick ; the 
 thighs large and muscular ; the hough round be- 
 fore, broad on the sides, and tendinous behind ; 
 the shank thin before, and broad on the sides ; 
 the tendo-achilles prominent, strong, and well 
 
BRITISH TURF. 101 
 
 detached from the leg bone, and the fetlock some- 
 what prominent, and furnished with a small tuft of 
 long hair behind ; the pasterns should be of a mid- 
 dling length and pretty large ; the coronet a little 
 elevated, the hoof black, solid, and shining ; the 
 instep high, the quarters round, the heels broad, 
 and a little prominent ; the frog thin and small, 
 and the sole thick and concave. 
 
 The colours of horses are extremely variable, 
 and they are generally thus distinguished. Bay 
 is of various shades, viz : a black bay, brown 
 bay, and dapple bay ; these have always black 
 manes and tails ; — dun and mouse dun, these have 
 frequently a black list along the spine ; flea-bitten, 
 which is white, spotted with a reddish colour ; 
 grey, dapple-grey, silver-grey, sad or powdered 
 grey, black grey, branded-grey, sandy-grey, and 
 iron-grey ; grissel or rount, is a light flesh colour 
 intermixed with white ; peach colour or blossom 
 colour. Piebald consists of two colours, one of 
 them white ; roan is bay, black, or sorrel, inter- 
 mixed with white hair ; rubicund black or sorrel, 
 with a few white hairs scattered about his body ; 
 chesnut, light and dark ; sorrel, common sorrel, 
 red sorrel, bright or red coloured sorrel, burnt 
 sorrel ; starling colour, resembling a brownish or 
 blackish grey, only more freckled or intermixed with 
 white ; tiger colour, some branded grey, only the 
 spots smaller; wolf-colour, cream-colour, deer colour, 
 black, white, &c., with many other modifications. 
 
102 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 We now come to the terms used in describing 
 a horse, and with which it behoves every professed 
 sportsman to be conversant. 
 
 The following is the explanation of the accom- 
 panying plate, which is the portrait of the cele- 
 brated race horse 
 
 FLYING CHILDERS. 
 
 a, the muzzle, b, the face, c, the forehead, d, the 
 jowl, e, the poll, /, the crest, g, the withers, h, the 
 wind-pipe, i, the back, j, the point of the shoulder, 
 /c, the breast or bosom, Z, the arm or fore-arm, m, 
 the knee, nnn, the cannon, o o o, the fetlock, p p, 
 the small pastern, q, the large pastern, r, the hoof, 
 5, the heel, t, the elbow, w, the girth, v, the flank, 
 w, the sheath, x, the stiffles, y, the ham or hock, 
 z, the coronet ; A, the hip, B, the croup, C, the 
 dock, D, the quarter, E, the thigh or gaskin, F, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 103 
 
 the ham-string, G, the point of the hock, H, the 
 
 hams, I, the gullet. 
 
 The following is the description of the skeleton 
 of the horse, as shown in the subjoined plate. 
 
 SKELETON OF THE HORSE. 
 
 A the head, a, the posterior maxillary or jaw- 
 bone' 6, the superior maxillary or upper jaw. The 
 small hole towards the nose, in the division m front 
 of the letter v, is the foramen, through which pass 
 the nerves and blood-vessels which chiefly supply 
 the lower part of the face ; e, the orbit, or cavity 
 in which the eye is contained ; d, the nasal bones, 
 or hones of the nose ; e, the suture dividmg the 
 parietal bones below from the occipital bones 
 above • /, the inferior maxillary hone contammg 
 the upier incisors, or cutting teeth ; B, the seven 
 cervical vertebrae, or bones of the neck ; C, the 
 
104 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 eighteen dorsal vertebrse, or bones of the back ; 
 
 D, the six lumbar vertebrae, or bones of the loins ; 
 
 E, the five sacral vertebrae, or bones of the haunch; 
 
 F, the caudal vertebrae, or bones of the tail, the 
 usual number being fifteen ; sometimes however 
 they vary. G, the scapula, or shoulder blade ; 
 H. the sternum, fore part of the chest, or breast 
 bone ; I, the costse, or ribs, seven or eight of 
 which, articulating with the sternum, are called 
 the true ribs, and the remaining ten or eleven, 
 which are united together by cartilage, are called 
 false ribs. J, the humerus, or bone of the arm ; 
 K, the radius, or bone of the fore arm ; L, the 
 ulna, or elbow, with processes, the olecranon ; 
 M M, the carpus, or knee, consisting of seven 
 bones ; N N, the metacarpal or shank bones ; the 
 large metacarpal, or cannon, or shank, in front, 
 and the smaller metacarpal or splent bone behind ; 
 g, the fore pastern and foot, consisting of the os 
 sufFragines, or the upper and longer pastern bone, 
 with the sesamoid bones behind, articulating with 
 the cannon and greater pastern, the os coronnae, 
 or lesser pastern, the os pedis, or coffin bone, and 
 the OS naviculare, or naviculer, or shuttle-bone, 
 not seen, and articulating with the smaller pastern 
 and coffin bones ; A, the corresponding bones of 
 the hind feet. O O, the small metacarpal, or 
 splent bones ; P, the pelvis, or haunch, consisting 
 of three portions : the illium, the ischium, and the 
 pubis ; Q, the femur, or thigh bones ; R R, the 
 patella placed on the stifle joints ; S S, the tibia 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 105 
 
 and fibula ; the latter is a small bone behind ; 
 these are also called the ham bones ; T T, the 
 bones of the tarsus, or hock, six in number ; U U, 
 the metatarsals of the hind leg, called shank or 
 cannon bones ; W W, the os calcis, or point of the 
 hock ; X X X X, the sesamoid, or fetlock bones. 
 
 The following Plate shows the age of a horse 
 from the teeth. 
 
 horses' teeth. 
 
 I 
 
106 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The horse, in a state of maturity, which is at 
 five years, has forty teeth. He has six incisory or 
 cutting teeth, in each jaw ; these are situated in 
 front ; two canine teeth, or tusks, in each jaw, 
 ' situated behind the incisors ; and six molars, or 
 grinding teeth, in each jaw, situated behind the 
 tushes. 
 
 The age of a horse is known by certain marks 
 on their incisory teeth, but no reference whatever 
 is made to the grinders. 
 
 Fig. 1. Represents the anterior portions of the 
 lower jaw of a foal, with the two central incisory 
 teeth, or nippers, which make their appearance in 
 seven or eight days after birth. 
 
 Fig, ^ Between two and three months the centre 
 nippers have reached their proper level, and the 
 second pair grown as represented. 
 
 Fig. 3. represents the nippers complete in num- 
 ber at a year old, the four middle teeth being 
 worn level, and the two outer ones becoming 
 flat, the mark of the two middle teeth get faint 
 and wide, in the next two it becomes darker, and 
 more narrow, being darker, longer, and narrower 
 in the outer jaw. 
 
 Fig. 4. the nippers at two years old, which ex- 
 hibit a considerable change, in the shape and 
 markings. 
 
 Fig. 5. shews the nippers at three years old ; 
 the central ones being considerably larger than the 
 others, doubly grooved on their outer convex sur- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 107 
 
 face. The marks on the next two incisors being 
 nearly obhterated, and beginning to disappear in 
 the corner nippers. When a horse is rising three 
 years, his two central nippers above and below, 
 fall out, and are replaced by new ones, having the 
 hollow mark in the middle, at the end of this 
 year the tusks will have made their appearance, 
 as represented in the figure ; there is also a visible 
 difference in the form of the jaw. 
 
 Fig. 6. the nippers at four years ; the central 
 nippers are perfectly formed, and the sharp edges 
 a little worn off, with the mark shorter, wider, and 
 fainter. 
 
 Fig. 7. at five years the jaw is nearly perfect, the 
 tusks are much developed. 
 
 Fig. 8. in the sixth year the marks in the centre 
 nippers are worn out. There will however, be 
 some difference of colour in the centre of the tooth, 
 as the cement or enamel which fills the cavity, is of 
 a brownish hue. 
 
 Fig. 9 . represents the jaw at eight years old; 
 at which period the marks on the lower jaw are 
 nearly filled up ; but on the upper jaw they gene- 
 rally continue till ten ; the two central ones are 
 obliterated at eight. 
 
 At this period the disgraceful practice of Bishop- 
 ing is often resorted to ; a term given from the 
 name of the villanous inventor. The marks on 
 the surface of the corner nippers, which have now 
 
108 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 nearly become plain, are imitated as at the age of 
 seven, by an engraving tool ; they are then burned 
 with a hot iron, when a permanent black stain is 
 left. This practice is sometimes employed on the 
 next pair of nippers, in a slight degree. By this 
 infamous trick, the ignorant are often imposed 
 on. But the irregular appearance of the cavity, 
 the diffusion of the black stain around the tusks, 
 the sharpened edges, and concave inner surfaces, 
 are wanting, which no art can imitate ; — thus, an 
 attentive observer need not be deceived. 
 
 Fig. 10. shews the nippers at ten, when merely 
 the rudiment of the funnel remains. 
 
 Fig. ] 1. a jaw at twelve year old, the nippers 
 have lost the centre enamel, and the septum of 
 the root is wounded. 
 
 Fig. 12. represents the jaw at sixteen ; all the 
 nippers have become triangular in shape ; and the 
 septum of the root forms a rounded point, on all 
 the tables of the teeth. 
 
 The above description applies to the teeth of the 
 ass, mule, zebra, and quagga, which all undergo 
 a similar change. 
 
 Osmer, an old, but able, and well accredited 
 writer on the horse, defines the meaning of the 
 term, blood, as applied to the horse called thorough- 
 bred, to be a certain elegance of parts, derived from 
 air, climate, food, and training. This being suit- 
 able to the true natural conformation of the animal, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 109 
 
 enables him to perform extraordinary feats of ac- 
 tivity and motion, coupled with wonderful endu- 
 rance of the highest bodily exertion ; hence, he ex- 
 plains, the expression, " he shows a vast deal of 
 blood," means only true formation as a race horse. 
 *' Where," continues this writer, '' is the blood of 
 the ostrich, whose speed so far excels that of the 
 swiftest horse ? If the good qualities of the race 
 horse depend upon blood, we could not, as we 
 often do, see one horse very good, and his brother, 
 with equal advantages of good keep and training, 
 very bad." 
 
 Osmer censures the folly of expecting that 
 what is termed high blood in the Eastern horses, 
 un-accompanied with essential form, will produce 
 a race horse ; and he instances the many failures that 
 have occurred, in breeding according to this rule, 
 without reference to the important truth, that 
 blood can never be considered as independent of 
 form or substance. 
 
 Although we must allow, that there is much 
 truth in the foregoing observations, nevertheless 
 we conceive that Osmer, in the endeavour to ob- 
 tain for the effect, the weight to which it is most 
 undoubtedly entitled, has entirely overlooked the 
 cause to which its production may be ascribed. He 
 would have blood to consist in mechanical excel- 
 lence alone ; while we maintain that excellence to 
 be the result of blood never to exist without it — and 
 
110 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 never to fail except in competition with it. It is the pe- 
 culiar descent of the thorough hred horse, combined 
 with a careful selection of sires and dams, and the 
 utmost attention in management exercised through- 
 out a lengthened period, which may be said to have 
 combined in the formation of that excellence under- 
 stood by the term blood. Already greatly improved 
 by the introduction of racing, before the introduc- 
 tion of Eastern blood, the English horse was 
 eminently qualified to receive the good effect which 
 so speedily evinced itself after that event. 
 
 If Osmer's doctrine held good, that there must 
 be this elegance of form, these nice proportions in 
 the Hmbs, or moving levers of the race horse, how 
 is it, we would ask, that so many of those called 
 cross naade, plain and apparently disproportioned 
 horses, possess the power or parts conducive to 
 speed and action. 
 
 One of the ablest anonymous writers on this sub- 
 ject wethat remember to have met with, has thus 
 treated this point. ''If blood can be defined tobe the 
 peculiar elegance in the texture of the external parts, 
 how happens it, that several very ugly horses and 
 mares have at all times distinguished themselves 
 on the turf? Are there certain occult causes, not 
 discernable to the eye, that produce this excellence, 
 to which the rules and laws of action appear to be 
 opposed ? On these points it may be observed, 
 first, that the force and effect of muscular motion 
 
BRITISH TURF. Ill 
 
 are nearly beyond our ken ; and secondly, sucli 
 horses are really not mis-shapen, inasmuch as there 
 are hidden virtues in the mechanism of their inter- 
 nal frames, which the eye cannot detect ; and 
 where deficient in one point, they are recompensed 
 by additional powers in others ; they possess the 
 essential points, although not so elegantly dis- 
 played ; and this we believe is the case with other 
 animals than the horse, although, generally speak- 
 ing, true symmetry in all, is attended with cor- 
 responding excellence in their useful properties, 
 and adaptation to the purposes of man . 
 
 '' Those persons who insist upon an innate quality, 
 in what is termed, ' blood,' are led to believe that 
 there is something in the nature of a thorough 
 bred horse, which enables him to struggle in a 
 race, far beyond his natural capabilities, and which 
 is distinguished by the term ' game.' We do not 
 think there is. We learn from experience that 
 horses often allow themselves to be beaten by 
 others which are inferior to them, from sheer ill- 
 temper ; but their efforts to win a race, we consi- 
 der to be merely limited by their physical powers, 
 the effect of a proper arrangement of their parts ; 
 and that the operation of the mind or spirit has 
 nothing at all to do with it. The hero at the 
 Olympic games had, and the champion of the Bri- 
 tish boxing ring may have had, feehngs which, 
 from the superiority of their nature, and the fact 
 
112 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of their character, interest, and future happiness, 
 being all involved in the event, might have induced 
 them to struggle, even to the very verge of life ; 
 but the same sense of honour, and the same spirit 
 of emulation, cannot, at least in anything like the 
 same ratio, be ascribed to the race-horse. If his 
 own acting powers be unequal to those of others 
 opposed to him in the race, he yields to that 
 superiority ; although it must be admitted, that 
 what are called sluggish horses will not try to 
 exert themselves to the utmost, unless urged to it 
 by the spur and whip, and others, when spurred and 
 whipped, slacken instead of increasing their speed. 
 
 The final result of this discussion then, is, that 
 when, as has been previously suggested, we speak 
 of such horses as King Herod, Highflyer, or 
 Eclipse, having transmitted their blood to the past 
 and present generations of running horses, we can 
 only admit that they have transmitted that true 
 formation of parts necessary to enable them to run 
 races at a prodigious rate of speed, and to endure 
 the severity of training for them." 
 
 Much discussion has taken place in the different 
 sporting magazines, on the question of what con- 
 stitutes the blood or thorough bred horse. The 
 purport of our foregoing observations on this 
 subject may be thus shortly summed up. We 
 consider the term blood, or thorough-bred 
 horse, to imply one whose pedigree can be traced 
 
BRITISH TURF. 113 
 
 through the Stud Book to any Eastern stallion, or 
 to the two Barb Mares, commonly called the Royal 
 Mares, imported by Charles II. The assertion so 
 often made, that, for a horse to claim the title of 
 " thorough," it is necessary he should be of pure 
 Eastern descent, cannot for a moment be supported; 
 as investigation proves, that the first British race- 
 horses were those of British origin, already much 
 improved by the attention and management of 
 breeding which followed the introduction of horse 
 racing. The admixture of Eastern blood and judi- 
 cious crossing, afterwards combined to form the 
 thorough bred horse. 
 
 SIZE, COLOUR AND FORMATION OF THE THOROUGH-BRED 
 
 HORSE. 
 
 The thorough-bred horse varies in point of size, 
 the preference being given to a low over a large 
 horse. Experience teaches the justness of this 
 preference, for we find that w^hile the largest horses 
 that have ever appeared on the British Turf, have 
 with a very few exceptions proved very inferior 
 in running to those of a medium height, many 
 instances are to be found on the other hand, of 
 the best horse of his year being almost the lowest. 
 As speed does not arise from superior height, — being 
 more frequently destroyed by it, as we find the 
 long beam breaks from its own length,— we may 
 
 VOL. I. I 
 
II 
 
 1 14 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 safely venture to lay down the medium height, 
 about 1 5 hands, 2 inches, "^ as constituting the best 
 size for a race-horse. The prevailing color of the 
 thorough-bred horse is a bright bay,t with black 
 mane and tail, and black legs to correspond, occa- 
 sionally relieved with a small white star on the 
 forehead, or a white heel of the leg. What are 
 commonly termed vulgar colors, such as dun, light 
 sorrel or brown, with a mealy muzzle, are seldom 
 met with ; and we remember but one instance of 
 the pie-bald, and very few roans. J 
 
 Black is also an uncommon color and seldom 
 approved of, although several of our best racers 
 (almost all of the Trumpeter blood) have been of 
 that color. On the other hand the real chesnut 
 is both a favorite and more prevailing color, and 
 is reckoned equal to the bay, in the rich beauty of 
 its hue. The celebrated Eclipse was a rich chesnut, 
 audit is a remarkable fact that a small dark spot 
 on the quarter of this famous horse, has been fre- 
 quently found in his descendants in the fifth and 
 sixth generation. 
 
 The perfection to which the form of the thorough- 
 bred horse has attained, by the efforts of human 
 skill grafted on nature, consists in the following 
 
 * A hand is 4 inclies. % 
 
 t According to Zenophon, the ancients reckoned thirteen colours 
 of horses, holding the bay in the highest favor. 
 
 I See " the Cocker," by W. Sketchley. London, 1814. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 115 
 
 cardinal points. But before we attempt to portray 
 these, it is highly necessary to observe, that no 
 rules can be laid down, by which it can be deter- 
 mined whether or not a horse will make a racer, by 
 the mere examination and consideration of his form. 
 Numerous instances might be adduced in which 
 horses, that the eye of the judge in such matters 
 would delight to study, have turned out worthless 
 on the Turf; and the contrary. While therefore 
 the sportsman may derive much useful information, 
 as well as pleasure, from a proper investigation of 
 the symmetry and proportions of the thorough- 
 bred horse, he will do well to remember that his 
 powers can only be safely determined by actual 
 trial. 
 
 The peculiar elegance of form of the race-horse, 
 is derived from the just proportions of his limbs 
 and moving levers, coupled with the exact fitting 
 with each other, of all the mechanical parts of his 
 frame. To this mechanical excellence of frame is 
 united a superiority of muscular substance, joined 
 with justly proportioned shape, giving that elegance 
 of form, in which there is no unnecessary weight 
 to oppress the muscles. We now proceed to por- 
 tray the generally approved points of the race-horse, 
 without pretending to lay down any exact standard 
 of perfection. The form of the head in the racer, 
 resembles that of the Arabian, and is one of the 
 leading characteristics of the thorough-bred horse. 
 
 I 2 
 
116 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 His broad, angular forehead, the tapering of the 
 face from the forehead to the muzzle, his brilliant 
 and rather prominent eye, and his expanded and 
 flexible nostrils, give him that beautiful and in- 
 telligent expression of countenance, which no other 
 breed (with the exception perhaps of a few of Eas- 
 tern countries) possesses. His throat should be 
 clean, with a good wide space between the jaw- 
 bones, — which should be thin, but not extend too 
 high towards the onset. His neck should be mus- 
 cular, rather long than otherwise, wide, but not 
 too high crested. What is termed a loose neck in 
 a race-horse, has been by many considered as 
 favorable to speed, the head being as it were the 
 helm by which he guides his motions in the race ; 
 but we consider a good mouth, to be of much • 
 greater service in this respect. 
 
 The shoulders being the chief moving levers of 
 the horse, the points on which his action in a great 
 measure depends demand our utmost attention. 
 We find they vary in form more than any other 
 part of the horse's frame, and it is difficult to dis- 
 criminate between the theories of the numerous 
 writers who have laid down the law, as to the most 
 correct formation of these limbs. While those of 
 Flying Childers rose very high and fine towards 
 the withers, on the other hand a firkin of butter 
 is said to have rested on the withers of EcHpse, when 
 in covering condition ; and yet each of these match- 
 
BRITISH TURF. I [J 
 
 less race horses were unequalled in speed and power 
 of endurance. The shoulders of Eclipse, it would 
 appear, resembled those of the greyhound, wide at 
 the upper part, and nearly on a line with the back. 
 We refer our reader to our extract from Sainbel's ce- 
 lebrated Essay on the proportions of this matchless 
 racer, which we have given at some length in a for- 
 mer chapter of this work, for much useful information, 
 both as to this and other points of the race horse. 
 Upright shoulders, being a great impediment to 
 speed, a certain obliquity of the scapular becomes 
 absolutely necessary; but not so their running fine 
 at the withers. Thus we find large and even what 
 are termed coarse shoulders, no impediment to 
 speed (being always highly conducive to strength) 
 if there is proper declivity of the shoulder-bone 
 or scapular. The withers should enlarge gradually 
 downwards, there being a distance of 4 or 5 inches 
 between the fore-thigh, and less between the feet ; 
 in fact the shoulders should be what is commonly 
 termed well laid back. It is impossible to go into 
 a minute investigation of those points from which 
 the thorough-bred horse derives his wonderful 
 speed, without being struck with the fact, that 
 these distinguishing features may be traced through 
 sire and dam to the Eastern horse, from which thev 
 were originally derived. All the Herod Jegs had 
 prominent knees and yet were famous for standing 
 work ; a point handed down to that splendid racer 
 
118 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 from the Byerley Turk,=^ and the excellence of 
 which consists in the great diminution of concus- 
 sion in galloping which takes place in legs so 
 formed. The setting on, and the length of the 
 fore arm, or part from shoulder to knee in the 
 fore-leg, and the declension of the haunch to the 
 hock in the hind leg, commonly known by the 
 phrase '' well let down in the thigh," are points 
 of great importance. It is the true position of the 
 limbs thus constituted, which causes the thorough 
 bred horse to stand over more gi'ound than one 
 wanting this formation, although of a larger frame. 
 The hare, possessing those points in perfection, is 
 enabled thereby to describe a larger circle in run- 
 ning, and to cover more ground at one bound, than 
 any other animal double her size. The cannon 
 or shank,f from the knee to the fetlock, should be 
 of moderate length, flat, (round being highly ob- 
 jectionable) with sinews and bones distinct ; and 
 the former very firmly braced. The pastern should 
 be rather small than otherwise, but long and lax. 
 The hoof of moderate size, although there are 
 many who think a horse's foot cannot be too large 
 
 * Herod was got by Tartar, whose sire was Mr. Croft's Partner, 
 got by Jigg, son of the Byerley Turk and each of these horses are 
 mentioned as having these prominent knees. 
 
 f A reference to the plates and the explanations of them given in 
 pages 102 — 108 will enable the reader better to understand the 
 positions here laid down. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 119 
 
 or spread out. This we find in direct opposition 
 both to nature and reason, the swiftest animals 
 having generally small feet in proportion to their 
 size ; while reflection must convince, that the larger 
 the surface which comes in frequent contact with 
 the ground, the greater must be the resistance to 
 its removal ; to say nothing of the animal force 
 expended in the action of moving a superfluous 
 weight. The race horse should have length, the 
 length being in his shoulders and quarters, (the 
 part posterior to the hips) and not in his back, 
 w^hich should be short, sinking a little behind the 
 withers, which gives his rider a good seat, without 
 diminishing his strength. His shoulders should sink 
 imperceptibly into his neck at the points ; acute 
 angles and straight lines being destructive of ele- 
 gance of shape. He should have what is termed a 
 round barrel carcass, which is produced b)- the ribs 
 standing well out from the spine ; as well as great 
 depth of body — a formation which not only gives 
 strength, activity and beauty to the whole frame of 
 the horse, but by aifording the lungs and intestines 
 ample room to perform their functions, imparts 
 freedom of breathing, and constitutional vigor. 
 Care is, however, requisite that these points are 
 not carried too far, so as to make the horse too 
 heavy for his legs ; as it is well known that horses 
 too heavy in the body, injure their legs much in 
 their gallop ; and we find accordingly that mares and 
 
120 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 geldings stand training to a later period of life than 
 stallions ; for as they generally carry less flesh than 
 entire horses, so they require less work in train- 
 ing. 
 
 After the head, the peculiar formation of his 
 haunches may be said to be the truest characteristic 
 of the thorough bred horse. What little injury is 
 done to the elegance of the parts, by the width of 
 the hips, is amply compensated by the increased 
 strength it imparts to the animal ; and when found 
 in conjunction with good loins, these projections 
 of the ilium can hardly be too great for the pur- 
 poses of power and action. The form and sub- 
 stance of the thigh form another material point. 
 The thigh of the hare gives us the best idea of 
 what should be the formation of those of the race- 
 horse ; accordingly we find its thighs let down to a 
 great extent for their size, and the lower parts of 
 the hinder legs placed under them, as those of the 
 racer should be, from a proper curve of the hock. 
 Well developed muscle, not size, is what is wanted ; 
 for although horses are said to go with their shoul- 
 ders, the power to give the impetus in progressive 
 motion comes from behind. The hock is a very 
 complicated joint ; it should be large and lean, 
 with its points projecting behind the body. As the 
 proper understanding of this important subject is 
 of manifest interest and utility to all sportsmen, 
 we cannot do better than illustrate it still further 
 
BRITISH TURF. 121 
 
 by quoting the opinions of Mr. Darvill,^ one of the 
 ablest writers on these matters we possess. The 
 following are amongst the principal and essential 
 points of a race-horse, pointed out by that writer 
 in the second volume of his Treatise. 
 
 *' His head should be small and lean ; his ears 
 small and picked ; his eyes brilliantly large ; his 
 
 forehead broad and flat His throat should be 
 
 clean, and fine from the butt of the ear down to its 
 centre, with a good wide space between the jaw 
 
 bones, which latter should be thin The 
 
 neck should be moderate in length. I prefer its 
 being wide ; I mean its width should be formed by 
 the substance of muscles which pass along each 
 side of the top part of it ; from the withers to the 
 head it may gradually rise a little in its centre, 
 but by no means to any extreme, as I have a great 
 aversion to a high crested race-horse. Indeed, I 
 would prefer that his neck should be as I have des- 
 cribed his face, rather of the ewe or deerlike shape, 
 (this we consider a peculiarly happy expression) 
 than that it should be loaded on top, which I will 
 presently explain. As to the lower part of the 
 neck, I have no very particular remarks to make, 
 further than that the trachea or windpipe should 
 be spacious, and loosely attached to the neck on its 
 way to the lungs. The withers may be moderately 
 high, and, if the reader like, they may be also 
 
 * Darvill's Treatise on the Care, Treatment and Training of the 
 English Race-horse, 2 vols. London, 1834. 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 moderately thin ; but, with respect to this latter 
 point, I am not so very particular, provided the 
 shoulders lay well back. From the withers the back 
 commences. I confess that appearance may be in 
 favor of a horse that has his back a little low or 
 hollow. As a saddle-horse this may be all very- 
 well ; but for a race-horse, to have strength and 
 liberty of stride, his back should be straight and 
 moderately long, with the shoulders and loins 
 running well in at each end. The loins should 
 have great breadth and muscular substance, so 
 much so as for them to have the appearance of 
 being raised as it were on their surface ; and those 
 muscles posterior to the loins should fill up level 
 the top part of the quarters to the setting on of the 
 tail, which latter should be set on pretty high up. 
 
 , I now come to speak of the body, or as 
 
 it is by some people commonly called, the middle 
 piece of the horse, and which is divided internally 
 into two cavities, bv a muscular substance called 
 the diaphragm. The anterior cavity, the chest, 
 contains the stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, 
 &;c. Now, w^ith respect to the external form of the 
 body, which contains and protects all those numer- 
 ous organs so important to life, I shall first make 
 my observations on the chest. To use a common 
 phrase, and somewhat an expressive one, a horse 
 in this part should be what is called well over the 
 heart, that is to say, he should be deep in his girth, 
 round or well arched in his ribs. I mean by this. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 123 
 
 that a rider on the back of a race-horse (as they 
 are generally better about the chest than horses in 
 common use) , should feel he has some breadth or 
 substance between his legs ; and there should be a 
 good swell of muscle before his knees, or the centre 
 of the flaps of the saddle. The chest, thus spa- 
 ciously formed, gives room for respiration, so that 
 in training, the horse's wind can be brought to the 
 greatest perfection, which enables him to run on in 
 long lengths. The next part to be treated of is the 
 abdomen or belly, or what is commonly called the 
 carcass. It may perhaps appear a little strange, 
 but I have a great aversion to what is commonly 
 called a good carcassed horse, nor am I particu- 
 larly partial to a large sheathed one. I like both 
 these parts to be in the medium, as I do also that 
 of his being w^ell ribbed up. It is true that a horse 
 being well ribbed up denotes strength, and a short 
 close made race-horse is, in running, handy in his 
 turns, and as I have already noticed, he is generally 
 a pretty good one under high weights, over a small 
 round cock-pit course ; but this description of 
 course and sort of running is not now so much 
 practised as formerly, or rather it is a sort of racing 
 that does not exactly suit long-striding horses, 
 as most of those are that run at Newmarket. Ano- 
 ther thing is, that horses with large carcasses are 
 mostly great gluttons ; they put up flesh very 
 rapidly, and are very difficult and troublesome to 
 train, in consequence of their constitution being 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 too strong, or proportionably too much for their 
 feet and legs. Such horses not only seldom re- 
 main long in training, but they cannot remain long 
 in condition, without their becoming stale in them- 
 selves, as also on their legs, and those are my 
 reasons for objecting to very large carcassed horses. 
 
 To return to the fore-extremities. The 
 
 shoulders commence from a little below the withers. 
 They should be most particularly well back ; should 
 be deep, broad, and muscularly strong ; yet those 
 muscular parts should appear to the eye as being 
 moderately so, that is, not unproportionably 
 loaded. Tliese muscles should be distinctly seen , 
 there should be no appearance of fat, or as it is 
 technically termed, ' adipose membrane.' The 
 shoulders cannot well be too oblique in their de- 
 scent to the front of the chest ; here, on each side, a 
 joint is formed by the lower part of the scapula or 
 shoulder-blade being united with the upper part 
 of the humerus or arm bone. Those joints thus 
 formed are usually called the points of the shoul- 
 ders, which points should appear straight or level. 
 There should be no coarse, projecting, or heavy 
 appearance about the points of the shoulders of 
 such horses as are intended to race ; nor indeed does 
 this often occur, unless where it happens that the 
 chest or counter of the horse is unproportionably 
 wide. In taking a front view of the chest, it 
 should appear moderate as to breadth, and if its 
 prominency is at all to the extreme, it should be in 
 
BRITISH TURF. 125 
 
 consequence of the fullness or substance of those 
 muscles covering the breast, which muscles should 
 be lengthy and their divisions distinctly to be ob- 
 served. The fore-arm should be broad and long, 
 and most particularly well furnished with muscles 
 on its top parts, inside as well as out ; I mean by 
 this, that the muscles on the top and inside of the 
 arm should here be so large as to leave but a mode- 
 rate space between the fore -legs immediately under 
 the chest, and which muscles should appear, as 
 those in front of the chest, distinctly divided. The 
 posterior part of the top of the arm is called the 
 * elbow ;' this should appear (the horse in condition) 
 somewhat on a level with the body ; if it at all 
 elevates from this appearance, I would prefer its 
 standing in, to that of its standing unproportio- 
 nally out. The knee-joint should be large, broad, 
 and flat in front. Generally speaking, the larger 
 and broader all joints are in reason, the better and 
 stronger they are ; and the longer, coarser, and 
 rougher their projecting points or processes are, 
 the greater and more secure will be the lever for 
 the muscles or tendons to act upon, provided such 
 projecting parts or joints (as the hocks and pas- 
 terns) do not amount to disease, as that of produc- 
 ing spavins and ring bones. The legs from the 
 knee to the fetlock cannot well be too short, 
 neither can they well be too broad or too flat, nor 
 their flexer tendon scarcely be too large or ap- 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 pearing too distinctly divided, as it were, from the 
 leg ; the fetlock -joint should also be large, and the 
 pastern proportionally strong, but its length and 
 obliquity should be in the medium. The wall or 
 crust of the feet should also be moderately oblique, 
 with the heels open, and frogs sound ; this indeed, 
 is generally the state of racing-colts on first leav- 
 ing their paddocks, if their feet have been paid 
 proper attention to during the time they have 
 remained there. Yet the feet of such of them as 
 have been some time in work, will occasionally 
 get out of order ; they grow upright and strong ; 
 the horngfets hard and brittle, and the heels more 
 or less contracted ; almost all of which defects are 
 too often occasioned from the want of proper at- 
 tention being paid to them at the time of shoeing, 
 and the want of proper applications being 
 applied to them in the stables. Previous to con- 
 cluding my remarks on the fore extremities, it 
 may not be amiss to observe to the reader, that 
 supposing him to stand opposite to those 
 parts of the horse, if the animal is formed in 
 them as I have already described, the centre of 
 the top part of the fore-arm, to be well placed, 
 ought to be nearly or quite in a parallel line with 
 the top or fore-part of the horse's withers ; and 
 again, from the top part of the fore-arm, down to 
 the foot, for the horse to stand firm and well, and 
 have the power of using his fore-legs well, he should 
 
BRITISH TURF. 127 
 
 stand perfectly straight on them. I mean by this, 
 they are not to appear too much under him, or 
 too much out or away from him. Suppose again, 
 for example, a man standing in front of the horse, 
 and here taking a view of the foot ; the centre part 
 of the wall or crust should be in or on a parallel 
 line with that lower part or joint of the shoulder, 
 commonly termed its point. A horse's feet thus 
 placed, will neither be too much out or too much 
 in ; but should his feet deviate from what I have 
 here observed, by amounting to a fault, in turning 
 too much out or too much in, I should prefer their 
 being a little out, to that of the other extreme of 
 turning in, and being what is called * pigeon- 
 toed.' 
 
 *' I shall now proceed to describe the hind- 
 quarters or posterior extremities. As may be sup- 
 posed, the well formation of those parts is of the 
 utmost importance to a race-horse in his running ; 
 it is, therefore, necessary that they should be, in 
 breadth, substance, and length, of very superior 
 dimensions. The hips should have a great breadth 
 between them : and if thev are a little coarse or 
 projecting, so much the better, provided such 
 coarse projections are not in extreme, or appear 
 vulgar or unsightly. From the centre and poste- 
 rior part of the loins, to the top of the tail, is called 
 the ' croup,' and should be of great length ; and, 
 if it deviates from that of a straight line, it may 
 
128 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 be somewhat arched in the centre. The croup being 
 thus formed gives great breadth to the top of the 
 quarters, the length of which, from the croup down 
 to the hock, cannot scarcely be of too great an 
 extent, in order that there may be sufficient room 
 here for the attachment of those broad, powerful, 
 lengthy, and distinctly divided muscles on the out- 
 side of the quarters and thighs ; and there should 
 also be a similar portion of such muscles on the 
 inside of the quarters and thighs ; so that a man 
 who is a good judge, taking a posterior view, may 
 observe how the horse is made. In this position 
 he should be, as it were, struck by the appearance 
 of the great breadth and length of the back part of 
 the quarters, and as he moves his head to the 
 right or left, the centre and outside of the quarters 
 and thighs, and the swell of the muscles, should 
 appear beyond a level with the hips. The upper 
 parts of the muscles on the inside of the quarters 
 should appear quite close to each other, so that no 
 vacuous space should be visible between them, 
 as that of an appearance of the horse being (if I 
 may thus express myself) chucked up in the fork. 
 Such should be the lengthy and muscular quarters 
 of a well made race-horse. 
 
 '' The stifle joint should be in a direct line 
 under the hip, and the length from this joint to 
 that of the hock cannot reasonably be too long, 
 and the farther out of the angular or oblique posi- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 129 
 
 tion of the thigh-bone the better, so as to admit 
 of the back part, or projecting point of the hock 
 appearing some distance out bej^ond the top of the 
 hind quarters. Tliose parts being thus formed, ad- 
 mit of a very considerable lever for the main ten- 
 don here to act upon the tendon Achilles ; which 
 like the flexor one of the leg, can scarcely be too 
 large or too distinctly seen, in its commencement 
 from the lower part of the quarter to its insertion 
 into the posterior or projecting point of the hock, 
 the OS ocilsis. The hock should be broad and wide, 
 with a clean, lean appearance, and those parts 
 which are occasionally the seat of thorough pins 
 and log spavins, in a sound well formed hock, 
 should appear more as cavities, than as having the 
 above mentioned projections, and which are some- 
 times the cause of lameness. The hind leg. like the 
 fore one, should be short, broad, flat, and straight ; 
 the trifling angle formed by the hock, should toge- 
 ther with the moderate obliquity of the pastern, 
 bring the extremity of the toe nearly under the 
 stifle-joint." 
 
 When we consider the situation and action of 
 the hock, the weight and stress thrown upon it 
 must be exceedingly great, and we find ac- 
 cordingly that it is frequently injured in rapid 
 and powerful motion. It is true that some provi- 
 sion to prevent injury is provided, in the groved 
 
 VOL. I. K 
 
130 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 or pully-like heads of the tibia (see page 104) and 
 the astragalus, received deeply into each other, 
 and confined by powerful ligaments, admit of a 
 hinge-like motion, but if no side motion, to which 
 the joint might be exposed in rapid action, or on 
 an uneven surface. The hock is, from its compli- 
 cated structure and its work, the principal seat of 
 lameness behind. Nine-tenths of the lamenesses 
 that occur in the hind leg are to be traced to this 
 joint, and when, after careful examination, we 
 are unable to find any other seat of lameness, we 
 shall usually be justified in affirming that the hook 
 is affected. 
 
 ACTION, SPEED AND WIND OF THE RACE HORSE. 
 
 The great proportion in the limbs and moving 
 levers of the race horse give him, as we have pre- 
 viously remarked, a great stride in his gallop ; but 
 to render this stride effective in producing speed, 
 it is necessary that it be quickly repeated, other- 
 wise the racer would lose in time what he gains in 
 space. Accordingly it is stride and quickness united 
 that constitute fleetness in the race horse. Eclipse, 
 as will be shown when we come to treat of that 
 celebrated horse, is generally believed to have 
 covered 83 feet of ground in a second, when at the 
 top of his speed ; which, by the calculation by M. 
 Sainbel, which we have given elsewhere, amounted 
 
BRITISH TURF. 131 
 
 to about 25 feet of groiuid covered at a single 
 stride ; the most which has been done by any horse 
 before or since, with the exception of Flying Chil- 
 ders,"^ to which horse the same feat is likewise 
 ascribed. Hambletonian, in his famous match with 
 Diamond, is asserted to have covered 21 feet at a 
 stroke at the finish. But much doubt has been 
 throw^n of late years upon these instances of un- 
 common speed on these two grounds, viz : in the 
 first place that they are unsupported by autho- 
 rity, and, therefore unworthy of belief; secondly 
 that the race horses of the present day, being in no 
 ways inferior to those of whom these wonderful feats 
 are recorded, cannot, it is wxU known, anything 
 like equal their reputed performances. Although 
 we are perfectly ready to admit that the wTiters 
 who have recorded these wonderful performances, 
 have advanced to the utmost verge of possibility, 
 nevertheless a proper investigation of the subject 
 teaches us that w^e should be guilty of illiberality 
 and even selfish prejudice in entirely rejecting their 
 evidence. In the first place, we find on making 
 a careful research, that these accounts have been 
 written (the greater part at least) by cotemporaries, 
 
 * It is said that this celebrated horse, carrying nine stone, two 
 lbs. ran over the round course at Ne^vmarket, (three miles, six fur- 
 longs and ninety-three yards in length) in six minutes and forty 
 seconds. Also that he ran over the Beacon course, (four miles, one 
 furlong and 138 yards in length) in seven minutes and thirty seconds; 
 covering at every bound a space of about twenty-five feet. 
 
 K 2 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and often witnesses, of the performances they re- 
 cord, in whose day the event was a matter of 
 public notoriety ; therefore had they advanced be- 
 yond the bounds of truth, there can be no doubt 
 but that denials, as public as their recorded facts, 
 would have been made, and handed down to us. 
 Wm. Pick of York, in his Historical and Annual 
 Racing Calendar published in 1786, gives the ac- 
 count we have quoted of the wonderful perform- 
 ances of Flying Childers, without insinuating that 
 the slightest doubt existed in his time of their 
 having taken place. Now as Childers ran as late 
 as 1723, and did not die till 1741, Mr. Pick, if not 
 himself cotemporary with Childers (of which we have 
 little doubt,) had most certainly the opportunity of 
 conversing with many who had witnessed the per- 
 formances of that wonderful racer ; and it would 
 appear, was quite convinced that their accounts 
 were correct. Of the performances of Eclipse we 
 have still more perfect evidence, as they are handed 
 down to us direct from several who had actually 
 witnessed them, noblemen and gentlemen of the 
 highest rank, judges of racing, and utterly incapable 
 of mistating facts. Accordingly Wm. Pick, Sain- 
 bel, with several other writers, in their works pub- 
 lished soon after the death of Eclipse, only mention 
 these performances as stated to them by the above 
 mentioned leading men en the Turf. Another 
 argument in favor of our position may be adduced 
 
BRrriSH TURF. 133 
 
 from the fact, that a reference to the rate of speed 
 at which the most celebrated races were run between 
 those periods and the present day, shew^ the falHng 
 off to have been gradual. For instance, the famous 
 match in which Hambletonian, carrying 8st. 31b. 
 beat Diamond at the Newmarket Craven Meeting, 
 25 March, 1799, for £3000 over the Beacon Course 
 (4 miles, 1 furlong and 13S yards) which he ran in 
 7 minutes, 15 seconds. Hambletonian was supposed 
 to have covered seven yards in his last stroke in 
 passing the winning post. At Doncaster 19th Sep- 
 tember 1801, Sir Solomon beat Cockfighter 8st. 
 71bs. each (41bs. more than Hambletonian) over 
 the round course (4 miles, less 408 yards) the dis- 
 tance being done the first 2 miles in 3 minutes, 
 the whole distance in 7 minutes and 1 1 seconds. 
 In comparing this with the performance of Ham- 
 bletonian, it should be remembered that the lat- 
 ter was over the straight course of Newmarket, 
 while at Doncaster the former had to run round 
 a course twice over, which doubtless impedes a 
 horse's speed, besides which the Doncaster course 
 was excessively hard at the time this race was run. 
 The following is a fair specimen of the speed of 
 our present racing stock, as compared with the 
 above, from which it appears to have gradually de- 
 clined. In 1822, Theodore the winner of the Don- 
 caster St. Leger Stakes, ran over the St. Leger 
 course, (one mile, six furlongs and 132 yards) in 
 
134 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 3 minutes, 23 seconds, carrying 8 st. 61b. At the 
 commencement of the present century, 3 and 4 
 mile heats, with lOst. 41bs. to list. 61bs. formed 
 the conditions on which the Roval Plates were 
 usually run for. Sir Charles Bunbury introduced 
 the system of short races, and light weights, and 
 the conditions of the Royal Plates were gradually 
 altered to suit the new style of racing. From this 
 period we may date the falling off of our present 
 breed of thorough bred horses, as compared with 
 those of the eighteenth century, both in speed and 
 stoutness. It is well known that we have not such 
 good four mile horses, as they are termed, as for- 
 merly, and we consider the reasons obvious. In 
 the first place, we have at present very few four 
 mile races, either at Newmarket, or in the country ; 
 consequently the deep rate of the old four mile 
 horses is not wanted ; but as in short distances a 
 horse is required to get off quickly, or as the term 
 is to get on his legs, in a few hundred yards, the 
 animal now in request is one of a lighter and more 
 active kind. In the next place, it must be ob- 
 served that the most celebrated horses of the last 
 century, such as Childers, Old Crab, Flea-catcher, 
 Eclipse, Herod, &c., &c., did not appear on the 
 Turf before they were five years old ; while now, the 
 inducement to train colts and fillies at a very early 
 period of their lives, before they are arrived at their 
 full growth and powers, must have a most injurious 
 effect on their stamina. According to the present 
 
BRITISH TURF. 135 
 
 system, no sooner have they won, or even run well 
 for any of our great three year old stakes, than 
 they are put into the stud (frequently broken down) 
 to breed racing stock, which is necessarily defec- 
 tive, and which in turn undergoes the same disad- 
 vantageous system. 
 
 But, how^ever, the British race horse of the pre- 
 sent day may suffer in comparison with the racers 
 of the past century, they nevertheless maintain a 
 proud superiority over every other breed in the 
 world. We are impelled to make this observation, 
 and to adduce the fact which we shall give in evi- 
 dence of its truth, from having frequently of late ob- 
 served with surprise in several of our leading me- 
 tropolitan dailyjournals, paragraphs copied from the 
 German papers, and professing to give accounts of 
 races in Russia. According to these statements not 
 only are the Cossack horses made to equal our pre^ 
 sent highest bred and carefully trained race horses, 
 but without regard to either due preparation or 
 weight, are stated to run distances in periods that 
 out herod Herod, and eclipse Eclipse. With these 
 veracious scribes a mile in a minute is about che per- 
 formance of the last horse ; as for the winner the 
 pen of a Gulliver or a Munchausen is required to 
 portray his speed and power of endurance. Now 
 what is the real fact, is sufficiently shown in the 
 following trial between the rival breeds. On the 
 4th of August, 1825, two second rate English 
 
136 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 racers, Sharper and Mina, contended, against the 
 most celebrated Cossack horses from the Don, the 
 Black Sea, and the Ural, in a race of the cruel 
 distance of forty-seven miles. At starting Sharper 
 and Mina ran away with their riders more than a 
 mile, and up a very steep hill, where the latter horse 
 broke down and consequently was pulled up. Half 
 the distance was run in an hour and fortv minutes. 
 In the last half, only one of the many Cossack 
 horses that started was able to contend with 
 Sharper, who, notwithstanding every foul advan- 
 tage was taken by changing the w^eight, and even 
 dragging along his opponent Avith a rope, won his 
 race in gallant style, performing the distance in 
 two hours and forty-eight minutes. At starting 
 the English horses carried three stone more weight 
 than the Cossacks ; and during the last half of the 
 race, the one Cossack that remained in it was ridden 
 by a mere child. 
 
 THE HALF-BRED HORSE OR COCK-TAIL. 
 
 We will conclude this chapter with a brief notice 
 of a second rate description of racer, of compara- 
 tively modern origin, and lately very prevalent in 
 England, with the exception of Newmarket ; — the 
 half-bred horse, or as he is commonly termed the 
 cock-tail. This description of race horse has never 
 found favor in the eyes of the nobility and gentry, 
 
BRITISH TURF. K^7 
 
 the real supporters of the Turf; and for very good 
 reasons. 
 
 In the first place, what are termed half-bred 
 stakes (some of which are of large value) have led 
 to a great many frauds being committed, as horses 
 have been brought to run for them, under false 
 pedigrees and false age ; which must ever be 
 the case, from the great difficulty of proving a 
 horse to be thorough bred, where the owner, for 
 his own dishonest purposes, has carefully removed 
 all traces of his origin. We find therefore that 
 for the most part, cock-tails are in the hands of 
 third rate trainers, horse dealers, and what are called 
 at the present day, gentlemen riders, and that con- 
 tinual disputes and unpleasantness arise out of 
 half-bred stakes, — frequently to the disgust of a ge- 
 nuine sportsman, who may by chance happen to 
 have entered a horse for the same stake. Besides 
 this the breeding of these horses is a direct injury 
 to the country, as it encourages a spurious breed of 
 horses, instead of the blood horse, the great object 
 of racing. Were what are now called cock-tail 
 stakes only used for what they were originally in- 
 tended, viz. for hunters, there would be no reason 
 to complain. Real hunters' stakes would be advan- 
 tageous, if open to all horses that had been regular- 
 ly hunted for a season, (not merely ridden by a boy 
 to see a fox found, or cantered on the road to see a 
 stag taken) and giving no allowance to the cock- 
 
1.S8 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tail ; and if this practise was followed in all 
 other stakes throughout the country, we should 
 soon have the satisfaction of seeing this eyesore 
 of real sportsmen, and blot on racing, done away 
 with. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 139 
 
 CHAPTER VI . 
 
 Rules concerning Horse-racing in general — Rules and Orders of the 
 Jockey Club — Admission of New Members of the Jockey Club — 
 Rules for the Rooms — Nominations, &c., &c. — Present Members 
 of the Jockey Club — Adjudged Cases — The Law of Horse-racing 
 and of Wagers thereon — Colors at present worn by the Riders. 
 
 RULES CONCERNING HORSE RACING IN GENERAL, WITH A 
 DESCRIPTION OF A POST AND HANDICAP MATCH. 
 
 At a meeting of the Members of the Jockey Club 
 held 25th April, 1833, it was resolved that from, 
 and after the end of the year 1833, horses should be 
 considered at Newmarket as taking their ages from 
 the 1st of January, instead of the 1st of May. 
 
 With respect to other places, they will continue 
 to be considered as taking their ages from the 1 st of 
 May, until the stewards of those races shall order 
 otherwise. 
 
 Four inches are a hand. 
 
 •Fourteen pounds are a stone. 
 
 1. Catch weights are, each party to appoint any 
 person to ride without weighing. 
 
 2. Give-and-take-plates are, fourteen hands to 
 carry stated weights, according to age ; all above, 
 
MO HISTORY OF THE 
 
 or under to carry extra, or be allowed the propor- 
 tion of seven pounds to an inch.'^ 
 
 3. A Post Match, is to insert the ages of the 
 horses in the article, and to run any horse of that 
 age, without declaring what horse till he come to 
 the post to start. 
 
 4. A Handicap Match is, A. B. and C. to put an 
 equal sum each, into a hat ; C, wlio is the handicap- 
 per makes a match for A. and B., who when they 
 have perused it, put their hands into their pockets, 
 and draw them out closed ; then they open them to- 
 gether, and if both have money in their hands, the 
 match is confirmed, if neither have money it is no 
 match. In both cases the handicapper draws all 
 the money out of the hat ; but if one has money in 
 his hand, and the other none, then it is no match ; 
 and he that has money in his hand is entitled to 
 the deposit in the hat. 
 
 5. Horses are not entitled to start without pro- 
 ducing a proper certificate of their age, if required, 
 at the time appointed in the articles, except where 
 aged horses are incJuded, and in that case a junior 
 horse may enter without a certificate as to age, pro- 
 vided he carry the same weight as the aged. 
 
 6. No person shall start more than one horse of 
 which he is the owner, either wholly or in part, and 
 either in his own name or that of any other person, 
 for any race for which heats are run. 
 
 * ITiese plateis, so much the fashion up to the commencement of 
 the present century, have now fallen out of use. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 141 
 
 7. The horse that has his head at the ending 
 
 post first, wins the heat. 
 
 8. For the best of the plate, where three heats 
 
 are run, the horse is second that wins one heat. 
 
 9. For the best of the heats, the horse is second 
 that beats the other horses twice out of three times, 
 though he do not win a heat. 
 
 10. When a plate is won by two heats, the pre- 
 ference of the horses is determined by the places 
 they get in the second heat. 
 
 11. Where a plate or subscription is given to 
 the winner of the best of three heats, ahorse to win 
 the prize must be the actual winner of the heats, 
 even though no horse appear against him for both 
 or either of the heats. 
 
 12. When three horses have each w^on a heat, 
 they only must start for a fourth, and the preference 
 amongst them will be determined by it, there being 
 no difference amongst them. 
 
 13. In running of heats, if it cannot be decided 
 which horse is first, the heat goes for nothing, and 
 they may all start again, except it be between two 
 horses that had each won a heat. 
 
 14. If a rider fall from his horse, and the horse 
 be rode in by a person that is sufficient weight, he 
 shall take his place the same, as if his rider had not 
 fallen, provided he go back to the place wdiere the 
 rider fell. 
 
 15. Jockies must ride their horses to the usual 
 place for weighing the riders, and he that dismounts 
 before, or wants weight, is distanced ; unless he be 
 
142 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 disabled by an accident which should render him 
 incapable of riding back, in which case he may be 
 led, or carried to the scale. 
 
 16. Horses' plates or shoes not allowed in the 
 weight. 
 
 17. Horses running on the wTong side of a post, 
 and not turning back, are distanced. 
 
 18. Horses drawn before the plate is won, are 
 distanced. 
 
 19. Horses are distanced, if their riders cross or 
 jostle. 
 
 20. All complaints of foul riding must be made 
 before, or at the time the jockey is weighed. 
 
 21. No distance in a fourth heat. 
 
 22. A confirmed bet cannot be off but by mutual 
 consent, except in the cases hereinafter men- 
 tioned. 
 
 23. Either of the betters may demand stakes to 
 be made, and on refusal, may declare the bet to be 
 void. 
 
 24. If a better be absent on the day of running, 
 a public declaration of the bet may be made on 
 the course, and a demand whether any person will 
 make stakes for the absent party, and if no person 
 consent to do so, the bet may be declared void. 
 
 25. Bets agreed to be paid or received in Lon- 
 don, or any other particular place, cannot be de- 
 clared off, on the course. 
 
 26. If a match or sweepstakes be made for any 
 particular day in any race week, 9,nd the parties 
 agree to change the day to any other in the same 
 
BRITISH TURF. 113 
 
 week, all bets must stand ; but if the parties agree 
 to run the race in a different week, all bets made 
 before the alteration shall be void. 
 
 27. The person who lays the odds has a right to 
 choose a horse or the field ; when a person has 
 chosen a horse, the field is what starts against him, 
 but there is no field without one horse starts against 
 him. 
 
 28. Bets and stakes made in guineas are paid in 
 pounds. 
 
 29. If odds are laid without mentioning the 
 horse before the race is over, the bet must be de- 
 termined by the state of the odds at the time of 
 making it. 
 
 30. Bets made in running are not determined till 
 the plate is won, if that heat be not mentioned at 
 the time of running. 
 
 31 . A bet made after the heat is over, if the horse 
 betted on does not start, is void. 
 
 32. Bets determined, though the horse does not 
 start, when the words '' absolutely run or pay" or 
 *' play or pay" are made use of in betting. 
 
 33. Where horses run a dead heat for a sweep- 
 stakes or plate, and the parties agree to divide the 
 stakes, such horses shall be liable to carry extra 
 weight as winners, and all bets between such 
 horses, or between either of them and the field, must 
 be settled by the money betted being put together 
 and divided between the parties, in the same pro- 
 portion as the stakes shall have been divided. If a 
 
144 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 bet be made on one of the horses that ran the dead 
 heat, against a horse that was beaten in the race, 
 he who backed the horse that ran the dead heat 
 wins half his bet. If the dead heat be the first 
 event of a double bet, the bet shall be void. 
 
 34. Bets made on horses winning any number of 
 races within the year, shall be understood, however 
 the expression may be varied, as meaning the year 
 of our Lord. 
 
 35. Money given to have a bet laid shall not be 
 returned, though the race be not run. 
 
 36. Matches and bets are void on the decease of 
 either party before the match or bet is determined. 
 
 37. A horse walking over, or receiving forfeit, 
 shall not be deemed a winner. 
 
 38. An untried stallion or mare is one whose 
 produce has never run in public. 
 
 39. A maiden horse or mare is one that has never 
 won. 
 
 40. It being an established rule that no person 
 can enter and run, either in his own name, or in 
 the name of any other person, two horses of which 
 he is wholly or in part the owner, for any plate, 
 and doubts having arisen as to the true definition 
 of the word plate — the Stewards of the Jockey 
 Club have decided that where a sum of money is 
 given to be run for, without any stake being made 
 by the owners of the horses (the entrance money, 
 whether given to the owner of the second horse, 
 or applied to the racing fund, not being considered 
 
BRITISH TURF. 145 
 
 a stake) such prize shall be construed to be a plate. 
 But where a stake is deposited by the owners of the 
 horses which is to go to the whinner, and an addi- 
 tional sum of mone}^ or a cup, piece of plate, or 
 other reward is offered as a prize to the winnerj 
 even thou2:h such addition shall be denominated a 
 plate by the donor. — Such race shall be deemed 
 and taken to be a sweepstakes, and not a plate. 
 
 RULES AND ORDERS OF THE JOCKEY CLUB. 
 
 Newmarket, Nov. 1, 1831. 
 
 At a meeting of the Stewards and Members 
 of the Jockey Club, it w^as stated that much un- 
 certainty had prevailed wdth regard to the opera- 
 tion of the rules and orders of the Jockey Club, 
 and therefore it was thought proper to declare that 
 they apply to all races run at, and engagements 
 made for Newmarket only ; ihe Jockey Club 
 having no authority to extend their rules and 
 orders to any other place, although they have for 
 the sake of greater uniformity and certainty, re- 
 commended the adoption of the same rules to the 
 Stewards of other races. And that the Stewards 
 of the Jockey Club will not receive any references 
 of disputes from any places, except those at which 
 the rules and regLilations of Newmarket shall have 
 been declared to be in force, in the printed articles 
 of those races. 
 
 1 . The former rules and orders of the Jockey 
 
 VOL. I. L 
 
146 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Club were repealed from the 31st December, 1828, 
 and the following rules and orders, with such addi- 
 tions and alterations as may from time to time be 
 made therein, are substituted and to be acted 
 upon. 
 
 RESPECTING THE STEWARDS. 
 
 2. The three members of the Jockey Club, now 
 acting as Stewards, shall be continued in their 
 office till the next annual meeting of the Jockey 
 Club, when the senior steward (the one who has 
 been the longest in office) shall quit his situation 
 immediately after settling the accounts at that 
 meeting, and shall then name a member of the 
 Jockey Club to succeed him, subject to the ap- 
 probation of the remaining stewards, and of the 
 members of the Jockey Club then present ; and at 
 every subsequent annual meeting the then senior 
 steward shall in like manner retire and name his 
 successor. 
 
 3. If any difference of opinion shall arise in such 
 nomination, it shall be decided by a majority of 
 the members present ; which majority must include 
 one (at least) of the continuing stewards ; if both 
 the continuing stewards are in the minority, then 
 there shall be a fresh nomination. 
 
 4. If any of the stewards should die or resign 
 between the periods of the annual meetings, the 
 surviving or continuing stewards may appoint a 
 member of the club to succeed the deceased or 
 
BRITISH TURF. 14 
 
 H 
 
 declining steward, and to stand in his place in point 
 of senioritv ; but such nomination shall be notified 
 to the Club, at their next annual, or at any special 
 meeting to be called for the purpose, and shall 
 then be subject to the like approbation, as in the 
 case of a senior steward retiring at the expiration of 
 his stewardship. 
 
 5. All disputes relating to racing at Newmarket, 
 or bets on racing elsewhere, if any of the parties 
 interested should request the interference of the 
 stewards, shall be determined by the three stewards 
 and two referees, (who shall be members of the 
 Jockey Club) one to be chosen by each of the par- 
 ties concerned, if either of them shall desire to have 
 referees. If only two stewards be present they shall 
 fix upon a third person, being a member of the 
 club, in lieu of the absent steward ; but the 
 stewards if they think fit, may call in any other 
 members of the Jockey Club to their assistance or 
 may refer the case to a general meeting of the 
 Jockey Club, if the importance or difficulty of the 
 matter in dispute shall appear to them to require 
 it. 
 
 6. If any dispute arising elsewhere than at New- 
 market shall be referred to the stewards of the 
 Jockey Club, and they shall think fit to take it 
 into consideration, the matter must relate to horse 
 racing, the facts or points of difference be reduced 
 into writing, and be sent by, or with the sanction 
 of the stewards, when the matter in question oc- 
 
 L 2 
 
148 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 curred, and the parties must agree in writing to 
 abide by the decisions of the stewards of the Jockey 
 Club. 
 
 7. The three stewards, or any two of them shall 
 have full power to make such regulations as they 
 may think proper in regard to the course, and 
 exercise ground. 
 
 6. The three stewards shall have the power of 
 appointing such person or persons as they may 
 choose, to keep the coffee-room, the match-book, 
 receive the stakes, and collect the entrance money, 
 and all other funds belonging to the Jockey Club, 
 and the stewards shall be responsible to the Jockey 
 Club, for all the money collected, as belonging to 
 the Club. They shall also have the power to ap- 
 point the judge of the races, clerk of the course, 
 or any other servants of the Club. 
 
 9. The stewards shall fix the hours of starting 
 for each race, by nine o'clock in the evening pre- 
 ceding the day of running, and notice of the time 
 of starting is to be fixed up in the cofifee-room im- 
 mediately afterwards. 
 
 10. The stewards shall produce an account of the 
 funds and disbursements of the Jockey Club, at 
 the annual meeting in each year. 
 
 RESPECTING THE ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS^, FOR THE 
 
 JOCKEY CLUB. 
 
 1 1 . Ballots for the Jockey Club shall take place in 
 the Craven, First Spring, Second October, and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 149 
 
 Houghton meetings. The candidate to be proposed 
 in a meeting previous to the ballot, or in case the 
 ballot take place in the Craven meeting, that notice 
 of his being a candidate shall be stated in the sheet 
 calendar, published next preceding that meeting, 
 and also put up in the coffee-room on the Monday 
 in that meeting, and notice to be given in writing, 
 and put up in the coffee-room on what day the 
 ballot will take place, at least one day before the 
 time of balloting. Nine members (at the least) 
 shall ballot, and two black balls shall exclude. 
 
 FOR THE NEW ROOMS. 
 
 12. The ballot for members of the New Rooms 
 may be in any of the seven established meetings at 
 Newmarket. Each candidate must be proposed by 
 a member of the Jockey Club, and his christian 
 and surname, and usual place of abode, with the 
 name of the member proposing him, put up in the 
 dining and card rooms at Newmarket, (or in such 
 other place as the stewards shall appoint) on the 
 day preceding the ballot. The ballot shall be in 
 the morning between the hours of eleven and one ; 
 or in the afternoon between the hours of four and 
 six. Members of the Jockey Club only shall be 
 allowed to ballot. Nine members (at least) shall 
 ballot, and two black balls shall exclude. If 
 eighteen members ballot, there must be three black 
 balls to exclude. 
 
 13. A member of any of the clubs in St. James's 
 
150 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Street, known by the names of White's, Brookes's, 
 and Boodle's, may be admitted a member of the 
 New Rooms without ballot, on paying the same sum 
 for his admission, and the same subscription as are 
 required of members chosen by ballot. 
 
 FOR THE COFFEE-ROOM. 
 
 14. The ballot for members of the Coffee- Room 
 shall be in the Coffee-Room at Newmarket (or at 
 such other place as the stewards shall appoint) on 
 any day in the present seven established meetings, 
 between the hours of eleven and one o'clock in the 
 morning. Each candidate must be proposed by a 
 member of the Jockey Club, and his christian and 
 surname, and usual place of abode, with the name 
 of the member proposing him, be put up in the 
 Coffee-Room the day before the ballot. Members 
 of the Jockey Club only can ballot. Twelve mem- 
 bers (at least) must ballot, and two black balls 
 shall exclude. 
 
 15. Any member of the New Rooms may become 
 a member of the Coffee-Room, on signifying his wish 
 to be so, to any of the stewards, or to the keeper 
 of the Coffee-Room, and paying for his admission 
 and subscription as members chosen by ballot are 
 required to do. 
 
 16. A person, though chosen, shall not be consi- 
 dered as a member of any of these clubs, until he 
 shall have paid the usual sums for the admission 
 
BRITISH TURF. 151 
 
 and subscription of a new member. And the name 
 of every member, whose subscription shall be in 
 arrear for one year, shall be placed over the chim- 
 ney-piece in the New Rooms, and in the CofFee- 
 Room at Newmarket, in the Craven meeting of 
 each year. And if such arrear be not paid by the 
 end of the following second spring meeting, he shall 
 cease to be a member, and shall not be again ad- 
 mitted as a member, until his arrears be paid, and 
 until he be again chosen by ballot. 
 
 At a meeting of the members of the Jockey 
 Club, held at the New Rooms, Newmarket, in the 
 Craven meeting, 1836, it was resolved. 
 
 That any members of White's, Brookes's, and 
 Boodle's (not being a member of the New Rooms) 
 may be admitted to the New Rooms and Coffee- 
 room for any one meeting, without any other 
 charge than the payment of one half year's sub- 
 scription to each. In the event of such person 
 attending any other meeting in the course of the 
 same year, he is to be considered as a member of 
 the New Rooms, and liable to all the usual charges. 
 That the subscription to the New Rooms, and 
 CofFee-Room, and all other charges, except the 
 subscription to the Jockey Club, be paid half 
 yearly ; the July meeting to be included in either 
 half year. 
 
 That if any foreigner should be proposed at any 
 time as a candidate for the New Rooms, or Coffee- 
 
152 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Room, an immediate ballot may take place for 
 such election. 
 
 AS TO NOMINATIONS. 
 
 17. In all nominations, and entrances for stakes, 
 subscriptions, and plates of horses, &c. which have 
 not started before the time of naming or entering ; 
 the sire, dam, and gran dam of the horse, &c. 
 named or entered, must be mentioned if known, 
 unless the dam has a name which is to be found in 
 the Stud Book or Racing Calendar, in which case 
 the name of the sire and dam will be sufficient. 
 If the horse, &c. named or entered be own brother 
 or sister to any horse, &c. having a name in the 
 Stud Book, or Racing Calendar, it will be sufficient 
 to name it as such. If the dam or grandam be 
 sister (but which sister must be specified, if there 
 be more than one) or dam or grandam of any horse, 
 &c. having a name in the Stud Book, or Racing 
 Calendar, it will be sufficient to mention her as 
 such. If the dam or grandam is not known, the 
 sire of the horse, &c. must be mentioned, together 
 with such other particulars, as will be sufficient to 
 identify the animal. If a horse has once appeared 
 in the Racing Calendar by a name and his pedigree, 
 it will be sufficient afterwards to mention him by 
 his name only, even though he has never started. 
 If the dam was covered by more than one stallion, 
 the name of all of them must be mentioned. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 153 
 
 18. If any horse, &c. shall be named or entered 
 without being identified as before directed, he shall 
 not be allowed to start in the race, but his owner 
 shall be Hable to pay the forfeit, or if a play or 
 pay race, the whole stake. All bets on a horse so 
 disqualified for starting shall be void. 
 
 19. No person who has once subscribed to a 
 stake, shall be allowed to withdraw his name, and 
 no nomination shall be altered, in any respect after 
 the time of closing without the consent of all the 
 parties in the race being first obtained. 
 
 20. In every sweepstakes in which there shall be 
 any allowance of weight to the produce of untried 
 horses or mares, such allowance shall be claimed 
 on the article by each subscriber before the expi- 
 ration of the time of naming ; and if not so claimed 
 no allowance shall be made, even though the horse 
 or mare should prove to have been untried at the 
 time of naming. 
 
 RESPECTING STAKES AND BETS. 
 
 21. All stakes for matches, subscriptions and 
 sweepstakes, shall be made before the hour of 
 starting for the first race of the day, in cash, bank 
 bills, or banker's notes, payable on demand, and 
 be paid into the hands of the person appointed by 
 the stewards to receive the same, and in default 
 thereof by any person, he shall pay the whole stake 
 as a loser, whether his horse come in first or not, 
 unless such person shall have previously obtained 
 
154 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the consent of the party or parties with whom he 
 is engaged, to his not staking. But this rule is not 
 to extend to bets, which are to be paid and received, 
 as if no such omission had happened. 
 
 22. A day-book shall be kept by the person ap- 
 pointed by the stewards to receive the stakes, in 
 which shall be entered an account of all matches, 
 subscriptions, and sweepstakes to be run for ; and 
 as the different stakes are made, they shall be en- 
 tered therein as paid. 
 
 23. Five pounds per cent shall be allowed on all 
 forfeits under £100 declared to the keeper of the 
 match-book at or before ten o'clock the evening 
 before running ; and if the forfeit amount to £100 
 upwards, £10 per cent shall be allowed. All for- 
 feits shall be paid before twelve o'clock at night 
 of the day iixed for the race, and on those forfeits 
 which shall not be so paid, the deduction for the 
 timely declaration of such forfeits shall not be 
 allowed. 
 
 And no horse shall be considered as struck out 
 of his engagement unless the owner or some per- 
 son authorised by him shall give notice to the 
 keeper of the match-book, or to his clerk, or to 
 one of the stewards present. 
 
 24. At a general meeting of the stewards and 
 members of the Jockey Club held at Newmarket, 
 30th October, 1833, it was agreed upon and re- 
 solved, that from and after the 31st December, 
 ] 833, this rule as published in the volume of the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 155 
 
 Racing Calendar for 1832, should be rescinded, 
 and the following substituted. 
 
 No person shall start any horse, unless he shall 
 have paid all former stakes and forfeits to the 
 keeper of the match-book, before the time fixed 
 for starting the first race of each day on which he 
 intends to start his horse. 
 
 That no horse shall start for any race until all 
 forfeits due for that horse shall have been paid, 
 provided that an objection to such last mentioned 
 horse starting, shall have been made by eight 
 o'clock in the evening preceding the day of running 
 to the keeper of the match-book. 
 
 That when any person has more than one nomi- 
 nation in a stake, he shall not be allowed to start 
 any horse for it unless the forfeits be paid for every 
 other horse belonging to him, or standing in his 
 name in such stake which does not run as well as 
 the stakes for those which do. 
 
 And these rules are recommended to the conside- 
 ration of the stewards of other races. 
 
 At the expiration of each meeting, a list of all 
 stakes and forfeits due at Newmarket, shall be ex- 
 hibited in the Cofiee-Room at Newmarket, and a 
 similar list, and also a list of all stakes and forfeits 
 due elsewhere which the persons claiming them 
 shall transmit (free of postage), shall be posted at 
 Mr. Weatherby's ofiice in Oxenden street. 
 
 At a meeting of the Jockey Club held on Tuesday 
 the 31st Oct, 1837, it was resolved, That after the 
 
156 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1st January, 1838, all persons whose name appear 
 on the list of defaulters shall be warned off the 
 course, and prohibited from training or exercising 
 horses on any part of the ground in the occupation 
 of the Jockey Club. Provided always, that notice 
 shall have been given in writing by the keeper of 
 the match-book to such persons, of the amount of 
 forfeits due, and that they shall not have been paid 
 within two months of such notice being served 
 upon them. 
 
 25. If any bet shall be made from signal or in- 
 dication, after the race has been determined, such 
 bet shall be considered as fraudulent and void, and 
 shall not be paid. And if any servant belonging 
 to a member of this society, shall be found to have 
 betted from any such signal, or shall be concerned 
 in making any such signal, he shall be dismissed 
 from his service, and no further employed by any 
 memberof this society. 
 
 26. All stakes and bets whether expressed to be 
 in guineas or pounds, shall be paid in pounds 
 sterling. 
 
 27. All double debts shall be considered as play 
 or pay debts. 
 
 28. All bets depending between any two horses 
 shall be void, if those horses become the property 
 of the same person, or of his avowed confederate, 
 subsequently to the bets being made. 
 
 29. All bets between particular horses shall 
 be void, if neither of them happens to be the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 157 
 
 winner, unless agreed by the parties to the con- 
 trary. 
 
 30. If a match or sweepstakes be made for 
 any particular day in any race week, and the 
 parties agree to change the day to any other in 
 the same week, all bets mast stand ; but if the 
 parties agree to run the race in a different week, 
 all bets made before the alteration shall be void. 
 
 31. When the riders of any horses brought out 
 to run for any race are called upon by the person 
 appointed to start them, to take their places for 
 that purpose, the owner of every horse which 
 comes up to the post shall be considered as liable 
 to pay his whole stake, and all bets respecting 
 such horses shall be considered as play or pay 
 bets. 
 
 TRIALS. 
 
 32. No person shall try the horse &c. of any 
 other person than his declared confederate, without 
 giving notice of such trial by inscribing the name 
 or proper description of the horse &c. tried, and 
 the name of his owner, in the trial book kept at 
 the Coffee-Room, Newmarket, within one hour 
 after the trial has taken place, or by nine o'clock 
 in the morning, in case the trial shall have taken 
 place at an earlier hour ; and the hour of running 
 such trial, and also the hour of making the entry, 
 shall be noted in the trial book. And in case any 
 trial shall not be so entered, the groom having 
 
158 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the care of the horse, running with the trial horse, 
 and being present at the trial, or if not present, 
 then the owner of any horse running with such 
 trial horse shall forfeit and pay to the stewards of 
 the Jockey Club the penalty or sum of £10 for 
 every such offence ; but the stewards shall have 
 the power to mitigate such penalty to not less 
 than £5, in case it shall fall upon any groom. 
 
 33. Every bet made upon or against any horse 
 running in a trial, between the time of such trial 
 and the entering it in the trial book, whether it be 
 entered within the time prescribed or not, shall 
 be void. 
 
 34. Every engagement made with any horse 
 &c. running in a trial between the time of such 
 trial, and the entering it in the trial book, whether 
 it be entered within the time prescribed or not, 
 shall not be run, but the owner of such trial horse 
 shall be considered as having declared forfeit, and 
 be liable to pay the forfeit accordingly, unless 
 his opponents or any of them shall desire to 
 hold him to his engagement. And in case 
 any horse so tried shall have started for, and 
 won any race made subsequently to the trial, 
 and before the entry of it in the trial book, his 
 owner shall not be entitled to the stake so won ; 
 and in case he shall actually have received it, he 
 shall pay it back into the hands of the stake- 
 holder, who shall pay it over to the owner of the 
 second horse, or in case of a match, shall pay 
 
BRITISH TURF. 15i) 
 
 it over to the owner of the beaten horse'; but if 
 such horse shall have lost such race, his owner 
 shall not be entitled to claim, or to be repaid 
 his stake or deposit for such race ; and in 
 those cases such disqualifications shall attach to 
 the horse without regard to any change of the 
 property in him ; and if, with respect to the dis- 
 qualifications, there shall be any difficulty in 
 ascertaining the horse or horses tried, the owner 
 of the horse or horses so tried shall be bound, 
 on the request of the stewards, to declare to 
 them which of his horses ran in such trial ; and 
 in case he shall decline to do so, the stewards 
 shall have the power to fix the disqualification 
 upon any one or more of the horses of such owner 
 at their option. 
 
 35. No notice of trial shall be required, when 
 the trial is run at a greater distance than twenty- 
 five miles from Newmarket. 
 
 36. The day, with respect to the engaging of 
 the ground for trial, shall be divided into two pe- 
 riods ; that is, previously to eight o'clock in the 
 morning, and subsequently to two in the afternoon, 
 from the first day of the Craven meeting to the 
 end of the Houghton meeting ; and previously to 
 nine o'clock in the morning and subsequently to 
 two in the afternoon during the rest of the year. 
 No one stable-keeper shall engage the ground for 
 both those periods on the same day, nor for more 
 than two of those periods in the same week. 
 
160 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 37. Notice for engaging the ground shall, at 
 least one day before the day it is used, be entered 
 in a book to be kept for that purpose in the CofFee- 
 Room in Newmarket. And no notice or warning 
 shall be deemed sufficient, unless given as before 
 directed. 
 
 38. If any persons shall be detected in watching 
 a trial, or shall be proved to have employed any 
 person to watch a trial, he shall be served with 
 notice to keep off the heath ; and if in the employ- 
 ment of any member of the club, or of any groom 
 or rider employed by any member of the club, he 
 shall be dismissed from his service, and not again 
 employed. 
 
 THE CUP AND WHIP. 
 
 39. The cup may be challenged for on the 
 Monday or Tuesday of the first Spring meeting in 
 each year, to be run for over the race course on 
 Tuesday in the first October meeting following, 
 by horses &c. the property of members of the 
 Jockey Club ; four years old carrying 7st. lllb., 
 five years old. 8st. 81b., six years old, 8st. 131b., 
 and aged, 9st. Each person at the time of chal- 
 lenging is to subscribe his name to a paper to be 
 hung up in the Cofiee-Room at Newmarket, and to 
 deliver to the keeper of the match-book the name 
 or description of the horse, &c. sealed up, which 
 shall be kept till six o'clock on the Saturday even- 
 ing of that week ; and if not accepted, or only 
 
BRITISH TURF. 161 
 
 one challenger, to be returned unopened ; but if 
 accepted, or if more than one challenger, to be 
 then opened, and declared a match or sweepstakes 
 for 200 sovereigns each, play or pay. If the chal- 
 lenge be not accepted, the cup to be delivered to 
 the keeper of the watch-book, in the meeting 
 ensuing the challenge, for the person who may 
 become entitled to the same. 
 
 40. The whip may be challenged for on the 
 Monday or Tuesday in the second Spring or se- 
 cond October meeting in each year ; and the 
 acceptance must be signified, or the whip resigned, 
 before the end of the same meeting. If challenged 
 for and accepted in the Spring, to be run for on 
 the Tuesday in the second October meeting fol- 
 lowing ; and if in the October, on the Thursday in 
 the second Spring meeting following. B. C. weight 
 10 St. and to stake 200 sovs. each, play or pay. 
 
 THE £l PER CENT PLATES. 
 
 41. The stake-holder shall deduct £1 percent 
 upon all sums won at Newmarket, in sweepstakes 
 or matches, where the clear sum to be received by 
 the winner, over and above his own stake, shall 
 amount to £100 or more (unless the winner 
 shall object to allowing such deduction to be made) 
 and the money so raised, shall be disposed of in 
 the following manner, viz : 
 
 Two handicap plates of £100 each for four, five, 
 six years old, and aged horses, shall be annually 
 
 VOL. I. M 
 
162 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 given to be run for ; one in the second October 
 meeting A. F., and the other in the Houghton 
 meeting from the D. I. And if any horse-keeper 
 shall object to contribute to the above fund, he 
 will not be allowed to start a horse for either of 
 those plates. 
 
 THE STAKE-HOLDER AT NEWMARKET. 
 
 42. The stake-holder at Newmarket shall be 
 allowed to retain, out of the stakes in his hands, 
 the following fees for his trouble, viz : 
 
 For every match, one pound. 
 
 For every plate, one pound. 
 
 For every subscription or sweepstakes, when the 
 whole stake exceeds £100 and does not amount to 
 £1000, two pounds. 
 
 For every sweepstakes, when the whole stake 
 amounts to £1000 or upwards, five pounds. 
 
 RELATING TO OTHER MATTERS NOT BEFORE SPECIFIED. 
 
 43. If for any plate, sweepstakes, or subscrip- 
 tion, the first two horses shall come in so near 
 together, that the judge shall not be able to decide 
 which won, these two horses shall run for such 
 prize over again, half an hour after the last race 
 on the same day ; the other horses which started 
 shall be deemed losers, and be entitled to their 
 respective places as if the race had been finally 
 determined the first time. 
 
 44. Every person who shall ride for a race at 
 Newmarket, shall be weighed immediately after 
 
BRITISH TURF. 163 
 
 the same, and shall be allowed two pounds above 
 the weight specified for his horse to carry, and no 
 more, unless the weight he actually rode be de- 
 clared as the weight he intended to ride, as herein- 
 after mentioned. The owner of every horse which 
 shall be intended to carry more than two pounds 
 above his weight shall by himself, or his servant, 
 declare to one of the stewards or to the keeper of 
 the match-book, before ten o'clock on the morning 
 of the day on which the race is run, what weight 
 he intends his horse to carry, which shall be im- 
 mediately inserted in the list in the coffee-room. 
 And if any horse shall run a race carrying more 
 than two pounds above his weight, without such 
 declaration having been made, or if after the race, 
 on weighing the jockey, he shall not prove to 
 have ridden the weight which it was declared the 
 horse should carrv, or shall have ridden more than 
 two pounds above the weight declared, then such 
 horse shall not be considered the winner of the 
 race, even though he should come in first, but 
 shall be placed as the last horse in the race, and 
 his owner shall pay the stake as for a beaten 
 horse. 
 
 45. The persons appointed by the stewards to 
 weigh the jockies, shall immediately after each 
 day's race, report to the keeper of the match-book 
 how much each horse carried, where he carried 
 more than two pounds above the specified weight, 
 and the keeper of the match-book is, as soon 
 
 M 2 
 
164 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 after as may be, to communicate such report to 
 the stewards, or one of them. And the weight 
 each horse actually carried, if more than two 
 pounds above his weight, shall be published in the 
 first list printed after the race, and also in the 
 account published in the Racing Calendar. 
 
 46. Every groom shall have his horse at the 
 post ready to start within five minutes of the time 
 appointed by the stewards. And every jockey is 
 to be there, ready to start within the same time. 
 And every groom and jockey making default 
 herein, shall forfeit £5, to be paid to the keeper of 
 the match -book, and by him accounted for to the 
 stewards. 
 
 47. The person appointed to start the horses 
 shall mark in his list the time when the horses in 
 each list actually started ; and if there have been 
 any false starts, the first of them shall be consi- 
 dered as the time of starting for that race. And 
 he shall make a report thereof to the keeper of the 
 match-book, in the afternoon of the day the races 
 are run. And if any delay beyond the allowed 
 time shall have taken place, he shall state by 
 whom, or by what cause, the delay was occasioned. 
 He shall regulate his watch by the coffee-room 
 clock, which shall be considered as the true time 
 for this purpose. 
 
 New Rooms, November 2nd, 1832. 
 
 At a meeting of the Jockey Club, it was re- 
 solved that the person appointed to start the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 1(J5 
 
 horses have authority to order the jockies to draw 
 up in a line as far behind the starting post as he 
 may think necessary ; and that any jockey dis- 
 obeying the order of the starter, or taking any 
 unfair advantage, shall be liable to be fined in such 
 sum not exceeding £5, as the stewards of the 
 Jockey Club may think fit to inflict. 
 
 48. If any horse, &c. intended to be entered for 
 any plate or subscription, where entrance is re- 
 quired, shall be engaged to run on the day of 
 entrance, he shall not be obliged to show at the 
 time of entrance ; but if he have not before run 
 at Newmarket, he shall show at the place of en- 
 trance, within one hour after his engagements are 
 over. But no horse that has before run at New- 
 market need be shown at the time of entrance or 
 afterw^ards. 
 
 49. When any match is made in which crossing 
 and jostling are not mentioned, they are under- 
 stood to be barred. 
 
 50. When any match or sweepstakes shall be 
 made, and no weight mentioned, the horses shall 
 carry 8st. 71b. each ; and if any weight is given, 
 the highest weight shall be 8st. 71b. 
 
 51. When any match or sweepstakes shall be 
 made, and no course mentioned, the course shall 
 be that which is usually run by horses of the same 
 age as those engaged, viz : 
 
 If yearlings, the yearling course. 
 
 If two years old, the two vear old course. 
 
16G HISTORY OF THE 
 
 If three years old, Borley's mile. 
 
 If four years old, ditch in. 
 
 And if five years old and upwards, Beacon 
 Course. 
 
 And if the horses should be of different ages, 
 the course shall be fixed by the age of the 
 youngest. 
 
 52. The keeper of the match-book shall charge 
 the proprietors of such horses as receive forfeit, 
 and shall be excused from appearing, with the 
 same fees for weights and scales as if they had 
 come over the course. 
 
 53. Towards defraying the expense of repairing 
 the course and exercise ground, one guinea annu- 
 ally shall be paid in respect of every race horse 
 that shall be trained or exercised, or that shall run 
 any private trial or public race thereon. And the 
 same shall be paid by the stable keeper or servant 
 having the care of such horse, and be charged by 
 him to the owner of such horse. Every such 
 stable-keeper or servant shall deliver a list to the 
 keeper of the match-book, of the horses which 
 have been under his care, liable to pay the said 
 charge, on the Saturday before the Craven meeting 
 in each year, and also on the Monday before the 
 Houghton meeting, and shall at the last mentioned 
 time pay to the keeper of the match-book the 
 money due for each horse. That for the future, 
 if any such stable-keeper or servant shall fail to 
 
BRITISH TURF. 167 
 
 make a true return of the horses which have been 
 under his care, he will be surcharged one guinea 
 for each horse omitted in his list. 
 
 54. If in running for any race, one horse shall 
 jostle or cross another, such horse and every horse, 
 belonging to the same owner, or in which he shall . 
 have a share, running in the same race, shall be 
 disqualified for winning the race, whether such 
 jostle or cross happened by the swerving of the 
 horse, or by the foul and careless riding of the 
 jockey or otherwise ; and when one horse crosses 
 the track of another next behind him, it shall be 
 deemed a sufficient cause of complaint, even 
 though he be a clear length or more before the 
 horse whose track he crosses, it being desirable 
 that when once the jockey has taken his ground, 
 he should not prevent any other jockey from 
 coming up either on his right or left hand. And 
 if such cross or jostle shall be proved to have 
 happened through the foul riding of the jockey, he 
 shall be disqualified from again riding at New- 
 market, or shall be punished by fine or suspension 
 for a time, as the stewards shall think fit, it being 
 absolutely necessary, as well for the safety of the 
 jockeys themselves, as for satisfaction to the pub- 
 lic, that foul riding should be punished by the 
 severest penalties. 
 
 55. All complaints of foul riding must be made 
 before or at the time the jockey complaining is 
 weighed ; and it may be made either by the owner, 
 
168 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 jockey, or groom of the horse, to one of the stew- 
 ards, to the keeper of the match-book, to the judge 
 of the race, to the clerk of the course, or to the 
 person appointed to weigh the jockies. 
 
 56. In naming or entering for any race where 
 there shall be any particular conditions required as 
 a qualification to start, it shall be sufficient if the 
 horse were qualified at the expiration of the time 
 allowed for naming or entering, and he shall not 
 be disqualified by anything which may happen 
 after the expiration of that time, unless so specified 
 in the article ; and if any additional weight is to 
 be carried by horses which have won one or more 
 plates or races within the year, it shall be con- 
 strued to mean the year of our Lord. 
 
 57. Where it is made a condition of any plate 
 or subscription, that the winner shall be sold for 
 any given sum, the owner of the second horse 
 being first entitled, &c., no other person than one 
 who ran a horse in the race shall be entitled to 
 claim. The horse claimed shall not be delivered 
 till he is paid for ; and he must be paid for on the 
 day of the race, otherwise the party claiming shall 
 not be entitled to demand the horse at any future 
 period ; but nevertheless the owner of the winning 
 horse may insist upon the claimant taking and 
 paying for the horse claimed. 
 
 58. When the qualification of any horse is ob- 
 jected to by ten o'clock in the morning of the day 
 of starting, the owner must produce a certificate 
 
BRITISH TURF. 169 
 
 or other proper document to the steward or clerk 
 of the course, or to the keeper of the match-book, 
 if the case happen at Newmarket, before the race 
 is run, to prove the quaUfication of the horse ; and 
 if he shall start his horse without so doing, the 
 prize shall be withheld for a period to be fixed 
 upon by the stewards, on the expiration of which 
 time, if the qualification be not proved to the 
 satisfaction of the stewards, he shall not be. entitled 
 to the prize, though his horse should have come in 
 first, but it shall be given to the owner of the se- 
 cond horse. When the qualification of a horse is 
 objected to after that time, the person making the 
 objection must prove the disqualification. 
 
 59. It is expected that every member of the 
 clubs at Newmarket, and every person running or 
 training horses at Nev/market, shall consider 
 themselves amenable to these rules, and such 
 others as the stewards may from time to time 
 think fit to adopt, for the better regulationof racing 
 at Newmarket. And all trainers, jockies, grooms 
 and servants of such persons are strictly enjoined 
 to observe the same. And if any trainer, jockey, 
 groom or servant shall be proved to have been 
 guilty of any infraction of these rules and orders, 
 or any of them, he will be punished by the stew- 
 ards, to such extent as they may think the case 
 requires, and in such manner as they may have 
 the power to enforce. 
 
 60. All disputes referred to the stewards of the 
 
170 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Jockey Club will be adjudged according to their 
 published rules and orders, where any of them are 
 applicable to the case submitted to them ; and 
 where not, according to the established rules of 
 racing. 
 
 At a meeting of the Jockey Club, held the 25th 
 of April, 1833, it was resolved that from and after 
 the end of the year 1833, horses shall be con- 
 sidered at Newmarket as taking their ages from 
 the 1 st of January instead of the 1 st of May. 
 
 October 30th, 1833, it was resolved, that 
 the second Spring meeting, the July meeting, 
 and the first October meeting in each year, begin- 
 ning with the year 1835, should commence on the 
 Tuesday instead of Monday. 
 
 It was resolved, at a meeting of the Jockey Club 
 held on the 5th May, 1835, that the Newmarket, 
 the July stakes, the October Oatlands, and all the 
 public engagements now entered into for more 
 than one year at Newmarket, should for the future 
 be subscriptions for one year only. 
 
 At a meeting of the Jockey Club, held on Wed- 
 nesday in the Houghton meeting, it was resolved, 
 that in future the stewards should have the power, 
 in cases of urgent necessity, of putting off the 
 races from day to day, and that all bets on such 
 races should stand 
 
 V 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 171 
 
 PRESENT LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE JOCKEY CLUB, 
 
 NEWMARKET. 
 
 Earl of Chesterfield, 
 Duke of Beaufort. 
 Honourable Captain Rous. 
 
 Stewards. 
 
 Earl of Albermarle. 
 Hon. Edward Anson. 
 Sir D. Baird, Bart. 
 S. Batson, Esq. 
 Duke of Beaufort. 
 Lord G. Bentinck. 
 H, Biggs, Esq. 
 J. Bowes, Esq. 
 Hon. G. Byng. 
 Earl of Chesterfield. 
 Duke of Cleveland. 
 Marquis of Conyngham. 
 T. Cosby, Esq.- 
 Duke of Dorset. 
 Earl of Eglinton. 
 R. C. Elwes, Esq. 
 R. Etwall, Esq. 
 Lord C. Manvers. 
 Earl of March. 
 J. Mills, Esq. 
 Duke of Montrose. 
 Marquis of Normanby. 
 Earl of Oxford. 
 G. Payne, Esq. 
 Colonel Peel. 
 Duke of Portland. 
 Lord W. Powlett. 
 Duke of Richmond. 
 M. A. Roberts, Esq. 
 Earl of Rosslyn. 
 Hon. Captain H. Rous. 
 
 Marquis of Exeter. 
 
 Lord John Fitzroy. 
 
 T. Gardner, Esq. 
 
 A. Goddard, Esq. 
 
 Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Sir S. Graham. 
 
 C. C. Grenville, Esq. 
 
 General Grosvenor. 
 
 W. Hallett, Esq. 
 
 Sir Gilbert Heathcote. 
 
 Marquis of Hertford. 
 
 T. Houldsworth, Esq. 
 
 J. Hunter, Esq. 
 
 W. H. Irby, Esq. 
 
 Earl of Jersey. 
 
 Earl of Lichfield. 
 
 Viscount Lowther. 
 
 W. M. Stanley, Esq. 
 
 "W. Sloare Stanley, Esq. 
 
 W. Scott Stonehewer, Esq. 
 
 Earl of Stradbroke. 
 
 Lord SuflSeld. 
 
 Col. Synge. 
 
 Marquis of Tavistock, 
 
 T. Thornhill, Esq. 
 
 J. R. Udney, Esq. 
 
 Earl of Uxbridge. 
 
 H. Vansittart, Esq. 
 
 Earl of Verulam. 
 
 Viscount Villiers 
 
 Hon. A. Villiers. 
 
172 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 G. Rush, Esq. H. S. Waddingdon, Esq. 
 
 Duke of Rutland. R. Watt, Esq. 
 
 Sir John Shelley. Marquis of Westminster. 
 
 T. Assheton Smith, Esq. Lord Wharncliffe. 
 
 Lord Southampton. C. Wilson, Esq. 
 
 Lord Stanley. Earl of Wilton. 
 
 Sir T. S. M. Stanley. 
 
 ADJUDGED CASES. 
 
 CASE 1. 
 
 A, B and C run for a subscription the best of 
 heats. A wins the first heat, B the second. C's 
 rider, after saving his distance the second heat, 
 dismounts between the distance-post and the end ; 
 but remounts, rides past the ending-post, and 
 weighs as usual ; starts, and wins the third heat, 
 and weighs, without any objection being made. A 
 being second the third heat, in a short time afterwards 
 demands the subscription, not knowing till then 
 that C's rider had dismounted, and refuses to start 
 for the fourth heat, which B and C run for, and C 
 wins. 
 
 It was decided that, no objection having been 
 made to C's starting for the third heat, he was 
 entitled to the prize. 
 
 CASE n. 
 
 The winner of a plate whose horse had distanced 
 all the others, applied for the stakes or entrance- 
 money which was advertised to be paid to the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 173 
 
 second best horse that won a clear heat. One of 
 the distanced horses had won the first heat. 
 
 It was decided that the winning horse cannot be 
 deemed the second horse, and therefore was not 
 entitled to the stakes; and all the others being 
 distanced, no other person could claim them. 
 
 CASE HI. 
 
 A gold cup &c. for horses that never won. 
 A . . 1 — B . . 2 — C . . 3 
 
 The owner of B claimed on the ground of A's 
 disqualification, he having, the preceding, won a 
 clear heat at Chelmsford, to entitle him, according 
 to their articles, to the stakes or entrance money. 
 
 It was decided that A was not disqualified, the 
 term ''winner " applying only to the horse that 
 beats all the rest. 
 
 CASE IV. 
 
 Whether a horse having won a sweepstakes of 
 23 guineas each (three subscribers) is qualified to 
 run for a £50 plate, expressed to be for horses 
 that never won plate, match, or sweepstakes of 
 that value ? 
 
 It was decided that it was the practice, in esti- 
 mating winnings, to consider the clear sum gained 
 only, and consequently to exempt the stake of the 
 proprietor ; the horse, therefore, which had won a 
 sweepstakes of 46 guineas only, viz : two stakes 
 of 23 guineas each, was not therefore disqualified 
 for the £50 plate above mentioned. 
 
174 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CASE V. 
 
 Mr. Baird having entered two horses for the 
 King's plate at Newmarket in 1793, and won it 
 with Sans Culotte, (his other horse not starting) 
 the owner of the second horse objected to his re- 
 ceiving the plate, on the ground that he w^as dis- 
 qualified by having entered two horses. 
 
 It was decided that Mr. Baird was entitled to 
 the plate. 
 
 CASE VI. 
 
 A betted B that a mare should trot a mile in 
 five minutes, in four minutes and a half, and in 
 four minutes ; all which, it was stated, she won 
 with ease ; but B measuring the distance after the 
 race was over, found it was short of a mile bv four 
 yards. 
 
 It was decided that as no objection was made 
 to the measure of the course before starting, and 
 the mare having performed the distance set out, 
 and not objected to, A won all the bets. 
 
 CASE VII. 
 
 After the race for the Somersetshire stakes at 
 Bath in 1829, it was discovered that the person in 
 whose name Rasselas was entered was dead before 
 the race was won, and Mr. Day, the owner of 
 Liston, who came in second, claimed the stake. 
 The matter was referred to the stewards of the 
 Jockey Club. 
 
 It was decided that Liston was entitled to the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 175 
 
 stake, because, of all the horses qualified to start 
 for the stake, he was the first, Rasselas being dis- 
 qualified by the death of the person in whose name 
 he was entered. 
 
 But the stewards thought that in this case, as 
 in that of a horse disqualified to start from the 
 stakes not having been duly made, the bets should 
 stand according as the horses came in. 
 
 CASE Vlll. 
 
 At Canterbury races, 1829, for the £100 given 
 by the noblemen and gentlemen, Mr. Pearce's 
 Guilford won the two first heats ; but Mr. Mattam, 
 the owner of Moore Buzzard, claimed the plate, 
 alleging that Guilford was disqualified, his owner 
 having run two horses for a prize, for which heats 
 were run. 
 
 It was contended on the part of Mr. Pearce, 
 first, that this was not a plate ; secondly, that no 
 objection was made till after the jockies were 
 weighed, and the horse led away. 
 
 The matter being submitted to the stewards of 
 the Jockey Club, they were of opinion that Moore 
 Buzzard was entitled to the prize ; and referred 
 to the Rules of Racing, the last but one in page 
 xxvii. vol. 1828 of the Racing calendar, as decisive. 
 
 CASE IX. 
 
 Blandford, 1829, for the gold cup, by sub- 
 scribers of 10 sovs. each. It was a condition that 
 the surplus should be paid to the owner of the 
 
176 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 second horse in specie. Brownlock walked over 
 for the cup, so that there was no second horse. 
 The opinion of the stewards of the Jockey Club 
 was requested, as to who was entitled to the sur- 
 plus. They gave it as their opinion that there 
 being no second horse, the surplus must be divided 
 amongst the original subscribers to the cup. 
 
 It was determined, in a case which arose at 
 Chelmsford, so long ago as the year 1784, where 
 the winner distanced all the five horses, that the 
 winner could not be deemed the second best horse, 
 and therefore was not entitled to the stakes. 
 
 CASE X. 
 
 The following nomination was made for a pro- 
 duce sweepstakes at Ascot : 
 
 Lord Tavistock's Sister to Benedick, covered by 
 Middleton. 
 
 There being two sisters to Benedick, the nomi- 
 nation was incomplete, according to the 17th clause 
 of the Rules and Orders. Lord Tavistock ascer- 
 tained that the other Sister to Benedick was sent 
 abroad some time before the stake closed, and 
 submitted that this circumstance sufficiently iden- 
 tified his nomination. The stewards of the Jockey 
 Club declined to go into evidence of this nature, 
 and decided that the nomination was invalid. 
 
 CASE XI. 
 
 For a race in the Houghton Meeting at New- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 177 
 
 market, 1829, a filly turned round at starting, 
 and was left behind. The start being disputed, 
 the race was run over again, subject to an exami- 
 nation by the stewards, with the circumstances of 
 the first start. When this enquiry took place, it 
 was satisfactorily proved that the starter gave the 
 word " off"," and did not call to the riders to come 
 back. It was therefore determined that the first 
 race was decisive. 
 
 CASE XII. 
 
 For the Stand Cup at Liverpool races, in July, 
 1829, Velocipede was saddled, mounted, and 
 brought out ; but on being cantered, the rider found 
 him lame, and did not take him to the post to 
 start. 
 
 A question respecting the bets was submitted to 
 the stewards of the Jockey Club, who decided that 
 the case did not come within the provisions of the 
 31st clause of the rules and orders, and that the 
 bets about Velocipede, were not to be considered 
 as play or pay. 
 
 CASE XIII. 
 
 Two horses ran a dead heat at Newmarket, and 
 the owners requested permission of the stewards to 
 run the race over again, between two of the other 
 races of the day. The stewards decided that the rule 
 43 was imperative, and that the horses which had 
 
 VOL. I. N 
 
178 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 run the dead heat, must run again, half an hour 
 after the last race of the day. 
 
 CASE XIV. 
 
 A bet of two to one was laid on Turquoise against 
 Elinor for the Oaks — Elinor being improperly 
 named, was not allowed to start. The question 
 whether the bet was to stand or not, was submitted 
 to the stewards, who agreed to refer it to a general 
 meeting of the Jockey Club, at which it was ulti- 
 mately decided that the bet was void. 
 
 CASE XV. 
 
 A admitted that he had lost £100 to B, but de- 
 clined paying it, because he intended paying it to 
 C, who had a claim on B for £100. The stewards 
 decided that A must pay the £100 to B forthwith, 
 as no transfer could take place without the consent 
 of both parties. 
 
 CASE XVI. 
 
 For the Lansdowne stakes at Bath, Mrs. Day's 
 brother to Lusher, Mr. Sadler's Achilles, and Mr. 
 Wreford's Wilna, had each won a heat ; Wilna was 
 then drawn ; Mrs. Day and Mr. Sadler agreed to 
 divide the stake, and brother to Lusher walked 
 over. Two questions were submitted to the stewards 
 of the Jockey Club w^ho decided — 
 
 1st. That the bets should be put together and 
 divided in the same proportion that had been 
 agreed upon in respect of the stakes. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 179 
 
 2nd. That brother to Lusher must carry extra 
 weight on future occasions, as the winner of this 
 race. 
 
 CASE XVII. 
 
 The opinion of the stewards of the Jockey Club, 
 was requested by the stewards of Rochester and 
 Chatham races, on the following case : 
 
 For the Chatham plate, the winner of a stake or 
 plate in 1825, was to carry 7 lbs. extra, and the 
 question was, whether a filly who had won a plate 
 subsequently to the entering for the Chatham plate, 
 but previously to the running for it, was to carry 
 7 lbs. extra. The stewards of the Jockey Club 
 gave it as their opinion, that she was not obliged 
 to carry 71bs. extra ; and they stated that they were 
 aware, that conflicting opinions had been given on 
 this question ; but on mature consideration, they 
 thought the better rule was, that a horse being 
 duly qualified at the expiration of the time of nam- 
 ing or entering for a stake or plate, should not be 
 affected, as to that stake or plate, by any subse- 
 quent event. 
 
 This decision has been confirmed by an opinion 
 given on a similar case, transmitted to the stewards 
 of the Jockey Club, in 1832, from the Royal Cale- 
 donian Hunt Meeting. 
 
 CASE XVIII. 
 
 A bets B 50 to 20 that C and D do not both 
 
 N 2 
 
180 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 win ; C wins, but D was disqualified from starting, 
 as it was a maiden plate, and he had previously 
 won. 
 
 Q. Does A win the 20 ? or is B entitled to a part 
 of the 50 ? 
 
 A. If D was qualified at the time the bet was 
 made, A wins ; but if D was disqualified at the 
 time, then the bet is off*. 
 
 CASE XIX. 
 
 A bets BIO to 8 that Whale did not win either 
 the Garden stakes or the Match with Beiram ; 
 Whale was beaten in the Garden stakes, and the 
 match with Beiram was off" by consent. 
 
 Q. Is A entitled to receive or not ? 
 
 A. The money must be put together and di- 
 vided. 
 
 In the reign of George II, the legislature deemed 
 it wise to impose certain restrictions and regula- 
 tions on horse-racing, and the following enact- 
 ment was passed for this purpose. 13 Geo : 2. c. 
 19. — Whereas the great number of horse races for 
 small plates, prizes, or sums of money, have con- 
 tributed very much to the encouragement of idle- 
 ness, to the impoverishment of many of the meaner 
 sort of the subjects of this kingdom, and the breed 
 of strong and useful horses hath been much preju- 
 diced thereby ; it is enacted for remedy thereof, 
 that no person or persons whatsoever shall enter, 
 start or run any horse, mare, or gelding, for any 
 
BRITISH TURF. 181 
 
 plate, prize, sum of money, or other thing, unless 
 such horse, mare, or gelding shall be truly and 
 bona fide the property of and belonging to such 
 person so entering, starting or running the, same 
 horse, mare or gelding, for one and the same plate, 
 prize, sum of money, or other thing ; and in case 
 any person or persons shall after the 24th day of 
 June, 1740, enter, start or run any horse, mare, or 
 gelding, not being the property and bona fide of 
 such person so entering, starting or running the 
 same for any plate, prize, sum of money, or other 
 thing, the said horse, mare or gelding, or the value 
 thereof, shall be forfeited, to be sued for, recovered 
 and disposed in manner as herein-after mentioned ; 
 and in case any person or persons shall enter and 
 start more than one horse, mare or gelding, for one 
 and the same plate, prize, or sum of money, or 
 other thing, every such horse, mare, or gelding, 
 (other than the first entered horse, mare, or geld- 
 ing), or the value thereof, shall be forfeited, to be 
 sued for and recovered and disposed of in manner 
 as herein-after is mentioned. 
 
 2. And be it further enacted by the authority 
 aforesaid, that from and after the said 24th day of 
 June, 1740, no plate, prize, sum of money or other 
 thing, shall be run for by any horse, mare, or geld- 
 ing, or advertised, published or proclaimed to be 
 run for, by any horse, mare or gelding, unless such 
 plate, prize, or sum of money shall be of the full, 
 real and intrinsic value of £50 or upwards ; and in 
 
182 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 case any person or persons shall, from and after the 
 24th day of June, 1740, enter or run any horse, 
 mare or gelding, for any plate, prize, sum of 
 money, or other thing, of less value than £50, 
 or shall make, print, advertise, publish or proclaim 
 any advertisement or notice of any plate, prize, sum 
 of money, or other thing of less value than £50 as 
 aforesaid, to be run for by any horse, mare or geld- 
 ing, any such person or persons so entering, start- 
 ing or running such horse, mare, or gelding, for such 
 plate, prize, sum of money, or other thing of less 
 value than £50 as aforesaid, shall forfeit and lose the 
 sum of £200, to be sued for, recovered and disposed 
 of in such manner as hereinafter prescribed and di- 
 rected; and every person or persons who shall make, 
 print, publish, advertise or proclaim any advertise- 
 ment or notice of any plate, prize, sum of money, or 
 other thing, of less value than £50 aforesaid, to be 
 run for by any horse, mare or gelding, shall forfeit 
 and lose the sum of £100. 
 
 3. And be it further enacted by the authority 
 aforesaid, that from and after the 24th of June, 
 1740, no horse, mare or gelding, being of the age 
 of five years, shall be entered, started or ran for 
 any plate, prize, sum of money, or other thing 
 whatsoever, unless such horse, mare or gelding 
 shall carry ten stone weight, computing fourteen 
 pounds to each stone weight ; and that no horse, 
 mare or gelding being of the age of six years, shall 
 be entered, started or run for any plate, prize, sum 
 
BRITISH TURF. 183 
 
 of money or other thing whatsoever, unless such 
 horse, mare or gelding shall carry eleven stone 
 weight ; computing of fourteen pounds to each stone 
 weight, and that no horse, mare or gelding, being 
 of the age of seven years, shall be entered, started 
 or run for any plate, prize, sum of money, or other 
 thing whatsoever, unless such horse, mare or geld- 
 ing shall carry twelve stone weight, computing 
 fourteen pounds to each stone weight ; and in case 
 any person or persons shall enter, start or run any 
 horse, mare or gelding of either of the ages afore- 
 said, for any plate, prize, or sum of money, or other 
 thing, carrying less than the weights hereinbefore 
 directed to be carried, such horse, mare or gelding, 
 or the value thereof, shall be forfeited, and the per- 
 son or persons so entering, starting or running 
 such horse, mare or gelding, shall forfeit and lose 
 the sum of £200. 
 
 4. Provided also that every race shall be here- 
 after run for any plate, prize or sum of money, 
 be begun and ended the same day. 
 
 5. And be it further enacted by the authority 
 aforesaid, that from and after the 25th day of June, 
 1740, no person or persons whatsoever shall start 
 or run any match with or between any horse, 
 mare or gelding, for any sum of money, plate, 
 prize, or other thing whatsoever, unless such match 
 shall be started or run at Newmarket Heath, in the 
 counties of Cambridge or Suffolk, or Black Ham- 
 
184 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 bleton aforesaid, or for any plate, prize, sum of 
 money or other thing of less value than £50, every 
 such person or persons shall forfeit and lose the 
 sum of £200. 
 
 6. And be it further enacted by the authority 
 aforesaid, that all penalties and forfeitures incurred 
 by any person or persons for any offence against 
 this act, shall be sued for and recovered by any 
 bill, plaint or information in any of his Majesty's 
 Courts of Record at Westminster, or at the assizes, 
 and shall be disposed of, one moiety thereof to the 
 use of such person or persons as shall so sue for 
 the same, and the other moiety to the use of the 
 poor of such parish where the offence shall be 
 committed, except such one moiety of such penal- 
 ties and forfeitures as shall be incurred by, and 
 recorded of any person or persons within the 
 county of Somerset ; which said one moiety shall 
 go and be applied to and for the use and benefit of 
 the poor persons admitted into the hospital or in- 
 firmary lately erected in the city of Bath, for the 
 benefit of poor persons resorting to the said city 
 for benefit of the mineral waters there. 
 
 7. And be it further enacted, by the authority 
 aforesaid, that from and after the 24th dav of June, 
 1 740, all and every sum or sums of money to be 
 paid for entering of any horse, mare, or gelding, 
 to start or run for any plate, prize, or sum of mo- 
 ney or other thing, shall go and be paid to 
 
BRITISH TURF. 185 
 
 the second best horse, mare, or gelding, which 
 shall start or run for such plate, prize, or sum of 
 money aforesaid. 
 
 8. Provided always that nothing herein con- 
 tained shall extend, or be construed to extend, to 
 prevent the starting or running any horse, mare, 
 or gelding, for any plate, prize, or other thing or 
 things now issuing out of, or paid for or by the 
 rents, issues, and profits of any lands, tenements, 
 or hereditaments, or of, or by the interest of any 
 sum or sums of money now chargeable with the 
 same, or appropriated for that purpose. 
 
 10. And be it further enacted by the authorities 
 aforesaid, that in any action, bill, plaint, or infor- 
 mation to be brought or commenced by virtue 
 of this act, no essoine, protection, wager of law, 
 or more than one imparlance, shall be allowed, 
 and that over and above the penalties and forfeit- 
 ures to be recovered by this act, the plaintiff or 
 informer shall recover his or her double costs. 
 
 The following judicious remarks on the law as 
 applicable to bets on horse-racing, are taken from a 
 clever little treatise on the Law of Gaming, &c, 
 lately put forth by Frederic Edwards, Esq. an 
 eminent barrister. 
 
 This gentleman observes, that there is no parti- 
 cular law applicable to these wagers, except that 
 a horse-race is considered a game within the 
 meaning of that word, as used in the 9th of Ann. 
 c. 14. &c., and will consequently be subject to the 
 
186 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 restrictions of the provisions of that Act. It will 
 therefore follow, as that statute prohibits any 
 gaming, at one time, for a greater amount than 
 £10, that no wager on a horse-race, though such 
 race be perfectly legal, will be good if such wager 
 exceeds this sum. For though the statutes before 
 cited legalize the racing of horses with the restric- 
 tions contained therein, yet they do not legalize 
 any bets made in reference to the same. But 
 a wager is good if under £10, and made in refer- 
 ence to a legal race, and may be recovered at 
 law. 
 
 If the race be illegal on which the w^ager is 
 founded, then it matters not for what sum it is 
 made ; it will be void, since no good wager can be 
 based on a subject matter which is in itself illegal 
 and void. 
 
 It should be noticed here, that where money, 
 the subject matter of an illegal wager or a horse 
 race, is deposited in the hands of a stake-holder, 
 either party may call upon him to hand over his 
 share of the money, although the wager has been 
 lost, provided such stake-holder has not handed it 
 over to the winner. If he neglect to comply with 
 a request of this sort, an action for money had and 
 received can be maintained against him. 
 
BRITISH TURF ISJ 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Race-courses in Great Britain and Ireland — The various Stakes 
 run for over each annually, with many other particulars of interest 
 to the British Sportsman. 
 
 It must be a matter of sincere congratulation to 
 every possessor of true British sentiments, and con- 
 sequently every admirer of the field sports so peculiar 
 to our native country, that in spite of all the cant 
 and false religion brought to bear against the 
 amusements of the turf by a numerous class whom, 
 in common charity, we will call misled fanatics, 
 racing has still gone on increasing in prosperity and 
 in the national favour. It is indeed strange that we 
 find these puritanical gentry willing enough to ap- 
 propriate to themselves their fair share of the na- 
 tional glory, the well-earned harvest of many a hard- 
 fought battle — strange to see with what compla- 
 cency they will sit on a fast coach, and perhaps be 
 the very first to complain if they are not whirled 
 along to their " place of meeting" at the rate of 
 about twelve miles an hour. And yet almost in the 
 same breath we find them running down that 
 
188 ■ HISTORY OF THE 
 
 national pursuit which hath given even our com^ 
 mon horses a degree of speed unrivalled among 
 nations, and to our nobility, gentry, and yeomanry 
 a vigour of mind and body which has so often 
 sheltered these discontented drones. 
 
 Again, in their bigoted protests against the field 
 sports of our nobihty and gentry, they appear to 
 have wilfully shut their eyes to the important con- 
 sideration of the large sums of money circulated in 
 these pursuits, every farthing of which is spent in 
 the country, giving employment to thousands. 
 Were it not for these manly amusements, how, we 
 would ask, would these large fortunes be dis- 
 pensed ? Let us take but one glance at the frivo- 
 lous dissipations of the effeminate nobility on the 
 continent. '' Look on this picture and on that," 
 and then let us ask, is there any man of proper 
 feeling, nay, we had almost said, in his proper 
 senses, who could wish to see those follies usurp 
 the place of field sports at home ? A few facts 
 connected with this subject will at once prove to 
 these " praise-God bare-bone" saints how futile 
 all their anathemas have been, as v/e trust they 
 will ever be, against England's favourite national 
 amusement — the turf. So great had been the decline 
 of racing in England during the fifty years preceding 
 1798, from the wars which were carried on during 
 that period, that we find the annual races had been 
 discontinued at the following towns and places. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 18*^ 
 
 Artillery Ground, London. 
 Tothill Fields, AVestminster. 
 ^orthwich, Cheshire. 
 Hardmead, Herts. 
 Ormskirk, Lancashire. 
 Binbrooke, Lincolnshire. 
 Wisbich, Norfolk. 
 Beccles, Suflfolk, 
 Morpeth, Northumberland. 
 Hampstead, Middlesex. 
 Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire. 
 Romford, Essex. 
 Stockton, Durham; 
 Hownslow, Middlesex. 
 Lamborn, Berkshire. 
 Bishop Auckland, Durham. 
 Stokesley, Yorkshire. 
 Egremont, Cumberland. 
 Swaffham, Norfolk. 
 Bellsize, Middlesex. 
 Crabtree, Cheshire. 
 Spalding, Lincolnshire. 
 Towcester, Northamptonshire. 
 Barnstaple, Devonshire. 
 
 Uppingham, Rutlandshire. 
 Bedale, Yorkshire. 
 Newark, Nottinghamshire. 
 Lowth, Lincolnshire. 
 Bishop's Burton, Yorkshire. 
 Rugby, Warwickshire. 
 Dunstable, Bedfordshire. 
 Loughborough, Leicestershire. 
 Alnwick, Northumberland. 
 Selby, Yorkshire. 
 Holt, Norfolk. 
 Ashbourne, Derbyshire. 
 
 Odsey, Hertfordshire. 
 
 Croydon, Surrey. 
 
 Follifoot, Yorkshire. 
 
 Newbig Link, Northumberland. 
 
 Woodstock, Oxfordshire. 
 
 Ludlow, Shropshire. 
 
 Wallesay, Cheshire. 
 
 Lilly Hoo, Hertfordshire. 
 
 Welch Pool, Wales. 
 
 Bradford, Yorkshire. 
 
 Hexam, Northumberland. 
 
 Islip, Oxfordshire. 
 
 Thus in 1800, we find that annual racing meet- 
 ings were held at only sixty-six towns in England 
 and Wales, five in Scotland, and four in Ireland. 
 In 1816, after the last great peace, we already find 
 them on the increase, the number in that year 
 being eighty-four in England and Wales, nine in 
 Scotland, and eight in Ireland.* But so rapid has 
 been the increase since then, that the number 
 
 * It must be always borne in mind that at the Curragh of Kildare, 
 the Newmarket of Ireland, frequent racing meetings are held during 
 the year, the same as at Newmarket. 
 
190 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 at the present day (1839) is no less than one hun- 
 dred and thirty- two in England, many of which 
 consist of two, and several, more, annual meet- 
 ings ; nine in Wales, nine in Scotland, and three 
 in Ireland. From these facts it may be justly in- 
 ferred, that the decline of racing which took place 
 previous to the commencement of the present 
 century, was owing to the wars which so entirely 
 engrossed the attention of the British nation at 
 that period ; and that it was not until after that 
 great battle in which the British arms conquered 
 liberty for nations, that, deriving fresh vigour 
 from peace, racing again flourished. 
 
 A/Ve will now proceed to notice the towns where 
 racingmeetings are now held; classing each under its 
 respective county, and giving the stakes which will 
 be run for during the present year, they being usually 
 the same. This will form a guide to sportsmen as to 
 where to send their horses, and give a general idea 
 of the number and value, conditions of the stakes 
 run for in this country. 
 
 BEDFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Two annual meetings. 
 
 BEDFORD. 
 
 The capita] town of the county of that 
 name, stands on the river Ouse, fifty miles from 
 London. The town is remarkably clean and well^ 
 paved ; it is governed by a corporate body, and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 191 
 
 returns two members to parliament. In 1821 the 
 inhabitants amounted to 5466. 
 
 BEDFORD SPRING RACES, 1839. 
 
 Held about the end of march. 
 
 The Oakley stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. for 
 hunters and thorough-breds, that have never won, 
 (matches excepted) belonging to gentlemen of the 
 Oakley Club, and bona fide the property of the 
 subscriber at the time of naming ; to be ridden by 
 members of a racing or fox-hunting club ; heats, 
 from the distance post and once round ; three yrs. 
 old 9st. 101b. four, lOst. 101b., five, list. 71b., six, 
 list. 121b, and aged, 12st. 
 
 To close and name on or before the 1st of 
 March ; the winner to be sold for 1 50 sovs. if 
 demanded in the usual way. No subscriber to 
 start more than one horse. Entrance, one sov. 
 
 A hunter's stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. with 
 20 sovs. added for horses not thorough-bred ; be- 
 longing to gentlemen, and bona fide the property 
 of the subscriber at the time of naming ; to be 
 ridden by gentlemen, members of a racing or fox- 
 hunting club ; to start from the distance-post, and 
 go once round; four yrs. old to carry lOst. 101b. 
 five list. 41b. six, list. 121b. and aged J2st. ; the 
 winner of a plate or sweepstakes once to carry 51b. 
 twice, 81b. three times or more 141b. extra. 
 
 To close and name on the 25th day of March ; 
 
192 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the winner to be sold for 1 50 sovs. if demanded in 
 the usual way. Three horses to start, or the 
 money will not be added. Entrance, one sov. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, for maiden 
 horses that have been regularly hunted with, and 
 bona fide the property of members of the Oakley, 
 Lord Fitzwilliam's, the Pytchley, the Duke of 
 Grafton's, or Mr. Barnett's Hunt. Certificates of 
 ownership will be required from two gentlemen, 
 members of either Hunt ; to be ridden by mem- 
 bers of one of the above clubs ; 13st. each ; tho- 
 rough-bred horses to carry 141b extra ; Oaklev 
 Stakes course. 
 
 To close or name on or before the 1st. of March 
 1839. Entrance, one sov. 
 
 The Farmer's Plate of 60 sovs. given by the 
 Oakley Club (the winner to give 10 sovs. to the 
 second horse) for horses not thorough-bred, that 
 have been hunted with the Oakley hounds, and 
 are bona fide the property of the person entering 
 or resident within the limits of the Oakley country, 
 and have been in their possession from the 1 st day 
 of January, 1839, and which have never won be- 
 fore the day of naming. All disputes respecting 
 the limits of the Oakley country, and other condi- 
 tions above named, to be settled by reference to 
 the stewards of the day. Certificates to be pro- 
 duced, if required, before starting ; heats, from 
 the distance-post and once round ; three yrs. old 
 lOst. 101b., four list. 71b., five 12st. six and aged 
 
BRITISH TURF. 193 
 
 12st. 51b. ; to be ridden by Farmers. No licensed 
 horse dealer will be allowed to ride or start a 
 horse. The winner to be sold for 100 sovs. if 
 demanded in the usual way. Three horses to start, 
 or no race. 
 
 To close or name on or before Saturday, the 
 9th of March, by six o'clock in the evening, to 
 Mr. Brown, clerk of the course, Bedford. En- 
 trance, 10s. 
 
 The open stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. for 
 horses of all denominations ; three years old 9st. 
 101b., four lOst. 101b., five list. 71b., six and 
 aged 12st. m. and g. allowed 31b. ; thorough-bred 
 horses to carry 101b. extra; a winner previous to 
 starting 51b. extra ; once round and a distance ; 
 the winner to be sold for £150, if demanded in the 
 usual way ; to be ridden by gentlemen belonging 
 to a fox-hunting or racing club. 
 
 To close and name on or before the 1st of 
 March. Entrance, one sov. 
 
 A handicap of 5 sovs each, 2 ft. with 20 sovs. 
 added; to be handicapped by the stewards, or 
 by whom they may appoint. 
 
 Nominations to close a quarter of an hour after 
 the former races have been decided. Jockies and 
 grooms to be excluded riding. The last three-quar- 
 ters of a mile. Three horses to start, or no race. 
 Entrance, lOs. 
 
 VOL. I. o 
 
194 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Marquis of Tavistock , 
 
 Stewards. 
 
 I 
 
 Hon. M. Ongley, 
 
 W. Brown, Clerk of the Races. 
 
 BERKSHIRE — ABINGDON. 
 
 A market town, situated on a branch of the 
 Thames, and which derives its name from an 
 ancient abbey. This town is supposed, by Bishop 
 Gibson, to be the place called in the Saxon annals 
 Cloveshoo. The streets, which are well paved, termi- 
 nate in a large open space, in the centre of which 
 stands the market house, which is supported on lofty 
 pillars, with a large hall of freestone above, in 
 which the summer assizes for the county are held, 
 the Lent assizes being held at Reading. The town 
 was incorporated by Queen Mary ; it contains 
 two churches and two hospitals, and its chief 
 manufactures are sail cloth, sacking, and malt, 
 large quantities of which latter article are sent to 
 London by water. It is seven miles south of 
 Oxford, forty-seven east of Gloucester, and fifty- 
 five west of London. The races take place in the 
 beginning of September, when the following stakes 
 are run for : 
 
 First Day, (1839). Sweepstakes of 60 sovs. each, 
 h. ft. for the produce of mares covered in 1835. 
 Colts, 8st. 71b. fillies 8st. 31b ; untried stallions or 
 mares allowed 31b. one mile. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 195 
 
 A sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. for foals 
 of 1836. Colts 8st. 71b., fillies 8st. 41b. One mile. 
 Untried stallions or mares allowed 31b. 
 
 The Cup, by subscriptions of 10 sovs. each, to 
 be paid in specie ; three yrs. old, 6st. 91b., four, 
 8st.,five, 8st. 91b., six, 9st. and aged 9st. 21b. m. 
 and g. allowed 31b. ; twice round and a distance — 
 about two miles and a half. The winner to be 
 sold for 500 sovs. if demanded in the usual way ; 
 the second horse to save his stake ; a winner of a 
 cup, plate, or slake of 100 sovs. value in 1839, 
 previous to starting, to carry 71b. extra. If 
 walked over for, one half the subscriptions to be 
 withheld, and to be added to the cup in the sub- 
 sequent year. 
 
 To close and name on or before the 1st of Au- 
 gust, to Messrs. Weatherby, or Mr. Burden, clerk 
 of the course, Abingdon. 
 
 The Witham Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft. for 
 three yrs. old, 7st. 21b., and four, Sst, 71b. f. and 
 g. allowed 21b. Two miles. 
 
 To close and name as for the cup. 
 
 The Holme Park Stakes of 25 sovs. each 15 ft. 
 with 20 sovs. added ; heats, Abingdon Course — 
 about one mile and a quarter ; three yrs. old, 6st, 
 101b., four, Sst. five, 8st. 81b., six and aged, Sst. 
 121b. ; the winner to be sold for 200 sovs. if de- 
 manded in the usual way. 
 
 The horses to be named to the clerk of the 
 
 o2 
 
196 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 course on the Monday before the races. If walked 
 over for, the 20 sovs. will not be paid. 
 
 The Old Berkshire Hunt Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each ; h. ft. ; for horses that have been hunted 
 with any pack of hounds ; gentlemen riders ; three 
 yrs. old, 9st. 21b., four lOst. 51b., five, list, six 
 list. 51b., and aged, list. 71b.; thorough-bred 
 horses to carry 101b extra; heats, two miles; the 
 winner to be sold for 200 sovs. if demanded in the 
 usual way, and the second horse to save his stake. 
 A winner of 100 sovs. and upwards in 1839, to 
 carry 71b. extra. 
 
 To close on or before the first of September, 
 to Messrs. Weatherby, or Mr. Burden, clerk of 
 the course. 
 
 Second Day. — The Marcham Park Stakes, of 
 25 sovs. each, with 50 sovs. added by T. Duffield, 
 Esq. M.P. for the Borough, 15 sov. ft. and only 
 5 sovs. if declared to Mr. Weatherby, or the 
 clerk of the races, on or before the 1st of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 This stake to close, and the horses to be named, 
 on or before the first of August, and be handi- 
 capped by the 15th of August. Three horses to 
 start, or the 50 sovs. will not be added. Two 
 miles. The second horse to receive back his 
 stake. 
 
 The Bean Wood Stakes of 10 sovs. each; 5ft. 
 with twenty added for all ages ; heats ; the Abing- 
 
BRITISH TURF. J 97 
 
 don Course, starting at the distance — about a mile 
 and a half. 
 
 The horses to be named to Mr. Burden on the 
 Monday before the races, and to be handicapped 
 on the evening of the first day, by the stewards, 
 or by whom they may appoint ; the winner to 
 be sold for 80 sovs. if demanded in the usual 
 way. If walked over for, the 20 sovs. will not be 
 added. 
 
 The Wolley Park Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 15ft. 
 for three years old colts, 8st. 71b. and fillies Sst. 
 31b., those got by untried stallions, or out of un- 
 tried mares, to be allowed 31b., but only one 
 allowance ; one mile and a half. 
 
 The Pusey Horn Stakes ; a sweeptakes of 5 
 sovs. each, with twenty added from the racing- 
 fund, for all ages ; two miles ; three years old, 6st. 
 111b.; four, Sst.; five, Sst. Sib.; six, Sst. 121b., 
 and aged, 9st. ; m. and g. allowed 31b., and horses 
 having started three times in 1S39 and not won 
 previous to the day of starting, allowed 31b. ; win- 
 ners once in 1S39 to carry 31b., twice 51b., or of 
 a cup or 100 sovs. in 1839, 51b., of any two 71b. 
 previous to the day of starting, in addition to the 
 extra weights ; the winner, if demanded in the 
 usual way, to be sold for 200 sovs. 
 
 To close and name as for the cup. If walked 
 over for, the 20 sovs. will not be added. 
 
 The Tally-ho Stakes of 5 sovs. each, for horses 
 not thorough bred ; three years old, 9st. 121b. ; 
 
198 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 four, list. 61b.; five, 12st. ; six, 12st. 61b. ; and 
 aged, 12st. 81b. Horses, the property of gentle- 
 men residing within the limits of the Craven, Berk- 
 shire, or Lord Moreton's hounds, to be allowed 
 5lb. ; the winner to be sold for 150 sovs., if de- 
 manded in the usual way. Heats, the Abingdon 
 Course, starting at the distance ; gentlemen riders 
 allowed 21b. ; the second horse to receive 10 sovs. 
 out of the stakes, if twenty subscribers, and if less 
 than twenty, 5 sovs. 
 
 To close and name on or before the 1st of May, 
 1839, to Mr. Burden, clerk of the races. 
 
 The Buckland Stakes of 25 sovs. each; 10 ft. 
 for two years old ; colts 8st. 71b., fillies, 8st. 
 41b. ; winners once to carry 31b., twice 51b. 
 extra ; three quarters of a mile. 
 
 ASCOT HEATH. 
 
 The manor of Ascot, in the parish of Winkfield, 
 belonged to the Abbot and Convent of Abingdon. 
 In 1722 it was purchased by Robert Forster, Esq. 
 of the family of Broughton, who had possessed 
 it more than a hundred years. On Mr. Forster 's 
 death, it was sold to Andrew Lindegreen, Esq., of 
 whose executors it was purchased in 1787 by D. 
 Agace, Esq., who resided in the manor house many 
 years, and in whose family it still continues. The 
 two mile course is a circular one. of which the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 19I> 
 
 last half is called the old mile. The new mile is 
 straight, and up hill all the way. The T. Y. C. is 
 five furlongs and one hundred and thirty-six yards. 
 The races at this peculiarly aristocratic course 
 follow soon after Epsom, and are always most 
 numerously attended by the nobility and gentry, 
 both of the metropolis and the surrounding coun- 
 try. This race-course is also distinguished, from 
 being particularly patronized by royalty. The 
 frontispiece of our second volume represents her 
 present Most Gracious Majesty going in state on 
 the course, which is indeed a most beautiful sight. 
 Besides the royal stand, there are several others 
 for the accommodation of visitors, with numerous 
 booths for the amusement and refreshment of 
 the more humble classes. As the nobility and 
 gentry make a practice of attending these races with 
 all the style, which wealth regulated by good taste 
 can command, the finest possible efiect is produced. 
 The kennel of Her Majesty's royal buck hounds is 
 situated on Ascot Heath, and their master, for 
 the time, rides before the sovereign in the procession 
 on the course. 
 
 The new Grand Stand was opened to the public 
 this season (1839) for the first time, and a short ac- 
 count of it will not be out of place here. The 
 funds were raised by a hundred shares of £100 
 each, of which £5 is to be paid off" every year ; so 
 that at the end of twenty years it will be free of all 
 charge, and will be appropriated solely to the be- 
 
200 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 nefit of the races, under the trusteeship of Lord 
 Errol, Captain Seymour, T. R. Ward, and M. 
 Gilbertson, Esquires. In the meanwhile, the share- 
 holders will receive five per cent, in addition to a 
 bonus cut of the profits ; the remainder to go to 
 the race fund. It is situated between the Queen's 
 and the old betting stand, occupying the spot for- 
 merly taken up by several wooden stands. Its 
 elevation from the ground is fifty-two feet, its 
 length ninety- seven and a half feet, or, including 
 the balcony which extends beyond the building, 
 a hundred and twenty-one feet. The drawing-room, 
 or grand floor, is ninety feet in length, and is pro- 
 vided with ten rows of benches placed above each 
 other ; both in front and at the ends of the room 
 the windows extend from the ceiling to the floor, 
 and slide up and down. The ground floor wdll hold 
 about twelve hundred persons, and the roof, which 
 is leaded, will accommodate nearly eighteen hun- 
 dred persons. There are several refreshment, re- 
 tiring, and play rooms ; in fact, the conveniences 
 are more numerous than at any other building of 
 the kind in England. A very handsome balcony, 
 supported by Corinthian pillars, extends the whole 
 length of the building, and the colonade beneath it 
 affords a sheltered promenade. The entrance is 
 at the back of the building, under an elegant por- 
 tico, the carriage approach to which is by the great 
 Reading road. To prevent confusion there are 
 distinct staircases to the grand floor and the roof. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 201 
 
 The Grand Stand is placed well back, and as the 
 straight course in front has been carried out about 
 thirty feet, the turn from the old mile into the 
 straight running is greatly improved. A space of 
 fifty-five feet from the railing to the colonade has 
 been enclosed in front of the building, for the use 
 of betting men and others who have paid for ad- 
 mission to the stand ; here the ring is formed, and 
 the betting is carried on without the least incon- 
 venience. A spacious room on the basement floor 
 is appropriated to their use, in case of bad weather. 
 Judging from the attendance of company at the 
 recent meeting, there can be no doubt that, the 
 Grand Stand at Ascot is highly acceptable to the 
 public, and will fully answer the objects sought by 
 its projectors. 
 
 ASCOT HEATH, 1839. 
 
 Tuesday, May 28th. The Ascot Stakes of 25 
 so vs. each ; 15 ft., and only five if declared on 
 the Monday in Epsom race week ; 100 sovs. 
 added if three horses start, and if fifteen accept- 
 ances, the owner of the second horse to receive 
 50 sovs. out of the stakes. To close on the 1st of 
 March ; the horses to be named at the end of the 
 Newmarket first spring meeting ; and the weights 
 to be fixed on the Monday after the second spring 
 meeting. 
 
 The gold vase, given by Her Majesty, added to 
 
202 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 a sweepstakes of £20 each ; for 3 yrs. old, 7st. 
 31b. ; four, 9st. ; five, 9st. 71b. ; six and aged, 9st. 
 91b. ; two miles, to start at the winning post and 
 go once round ; mares and geldings allowed 51b. ; 
 horses that never won or received £100 for run- 
 ning second before the time of starting, to be al- 
 lowed weight in the following proportions : — three 
 yrs. old allowed 41b. ; four, 71b. ; five, 121b. ; six 
 and aged, 181b. ; winners of matches and handi- 
 caps only, considered as maiden horses ; the win- 
 ners of the Derby and St. Leger in 1838 and 1839, 
 to carry 101b. extra; the winners in 1838 or 1839 
 of the Oaks, Ascot and Goodwood cups. Reddles- 
 worth 2000gs. Stakes, Newmarket Stakes, and the 
 second horses in the Derby and St. Leger, to 
 carry 41b. extra. Extra weights for winning are 
 not to be accumulative. 
 
 To close and name in the second spring meeting. 
 Ten subscribers or no race. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for two 
 yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. ; and fillies, 8st. 31b., the 
 last three quarters of a mile. 
 
 The Ascot Derby Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. 
 for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 61b., and fillies, 8st. 
 31b. ; to start at the Swinley post and in ; the 
 winner of the Derby or Oaks to carry 51b. extra. 
 
 The St. James's Palace Stakes of 100 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. ; for colts, 8st. 71b., and filUes 8st. 
 41b ; old mile. 
 
 Wednesday. The Swinley Stakes of 25 sovs. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 203 
 
 each ; for three yrs. old, 7st. 41b., and four, 8st. 
 101b. ; fillies allowed 31b. ; the last mile and a 
 half, to start at the Swinley post. 
 
 To close and name on the 1st of March. 
 
 The Albany Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for 
 three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies 8st. 31b. ; 
 the winner of the 2000^5. stakes, the Derby, or 
 Oaks, to carry 51b. extra ; the new mile. 
 
 To close and name on the 1st of March. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. for the 
 produce of mares covered in 1835 ; colts, 8st. 71b. ; 
 fillies, 8st. 41b. ; those by untried stallions, or out 
 of untried mares, allowed 31b. ; old mile. 
 
 Thursday. The gold cup by subscriptions of 
 20 sovs. each, with 200 sovs. added from the fund. 
 If five subscribers, the cup will be of 300 sovs. 
 value ; and if twenty subscribers ; the owner of 
 the second horse to receive 50 sovs. out of the 
 stakes ; three yrs. old to carry 6st. 101b. ; four, 
 8st. 51b. ; five, 9st. ; six and aged 9st. 31b. ; m. 
 and g. allowed 31b. ; to start at the Cup post, on 
 the new mile, and go once round — about two miles 
 and a half. 
 
 To close and name on the 1st of March. 
 
 The Windsor Castle Stakes of 100 sovs. each ; 
 for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 
 41b. ; the new mile ; the winner of the Derby, 
 Oaks, or 2000^s. stakes, to carry 51b. extra. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 200 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for three 
 yrs. old colts, 8st. 51b., and fillies 8st. 21b. ; un- 
 
204 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tried stallions or mares allowed 31b. ; Swinley 
 Course, 
 
 The Buckhurst Dinner Stakes of 200 so vs. each, 
 h. ft. ; for colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 41b. ; 
 those by untried stallions or out of untried mares, 
 allowed 31b. ; if both, 51b. ; from the Swinley post, 
 in. 
 
 Friday. The Wokingham Stakes of 5 sovs. 
 each ; for three yrs. old and upwards, (handicap), 
 the last three quarters of the new mile. 
 
 To close on the 1st of March, and the horses to 
 be named at the post by 5 o'clock on the Wed- 
 nesday in the race week, and the weights to be 
 fixed by four o'clock on the day before running ; 
 if thirty members, to be divided into two classes, 
 and any person taking a nomination for this stake, 
 will be required to pay the £5. whether his horse 
 runs or not. 
 
 The Earl of Errol ^ 
 
 The Earl of Chesterfield f^. . 
 _ The Duke of Beaufort ( ^^^^^^^s- 
 Hon. Capt. Rous 3 
 
 Mr. Hibburd, Egham, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 This county is sadly behind the rest of England 
 in racing ; having, now that the races at Newport 
 Paynel have been discontinued, only one race 
 ^ course, viz : that of 
 
BRITISH TURF. 205 
 
 GREAT MARLOW. 
 
 In the Hundred of Desborough, thirty-one miles 
 from London. This town is pleasantly situated on 
 the banks of the Thames, over which is a fine 
 stone bridge. In the town are some manufac- 
 tories of lace ; and on the River Loddon, between 
 this place and Wycombe, are several paper mills. 
 It sends two members to Parliament, and in 1831 
 the population amounted to 4237. 
 
 The races are held generally about the com- 
 mencement of August, when the following stakes 
 are run for. 
 
 1st day. — A free plate of 50 sovs. (handicap) for 
 horses the property of persons residing within 
 eight miles of Marlow ; heats, starting from the 
 ditch. 
 
 A silver cup, value 50 sovs. (handicap) by sub- 
 scribers of 5 sovs. each ; heats, once round. 
 
 2nd day. — ^The ladies plate of 50 sovs. (handi- 
 cap) added to a sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each ; gen- 
 tlemen riders ; once round. A hurdle race of 2 
 sovs. each, with a purse added. 
 
 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 
 
 NEWMARKET. 
 
 Seven annual meetings. — Newmarket is a mar- 
 ket town, comprising the parish of St. Mary in the 
 
206 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 county of Suffolk, and the parish of All Saints in 
 the county of Cambridge, thirteen miles N.E. by E. 
 from Cambridge, and sixty-one N.N.E. from Lon- 
 don on the road to Norwich. It contains between 
 2000 and 3000 inhabitants. This town was first 
 brought into notice in the year 1227,"^ when it 
 derived its name from the removal of a newly 
 established market from the neighbouring village 
 of Euning, on account of the plague raging there. 
 James I. built a house there, for the purpose of 
 enjoying the diversion of hunting. The celebrity of 
 Newmarket was greatly increased by Charles II., 
 who rebuilt the king's house, which had fallen 
 into decay during the civil wars, and frequently 
 attended the races on Newmarket Heath, with his 
 brother, the Duke of York (afterwards James 
 
 ii).t 
 
 On the 22nd of March, 1683, daring the races, 
 at which the King, Queen, and Duke of York 
 were present, a sudden conflagration compelled 
 them to return hastily to London, to which event 
 the defeat of the Rye-house plot has been attri- 
 buted. J 
 
 * Cart. II. Henry III. 
 
 f Three farces are still extant which were acted before this monarch 
 and his court at Newmarket. They are '* The merry milkmaid of Is- 
 lington ; or, the rambling gallants defeated." " Love lost in the dark ; 
 
 or, the drunken couple." " The politick w e ; or, the conceited 
 
 cuckold." They were published together by D. Brown, in 1680, 
 under the title of " The Muse pf Newmarket." 
 
 X Spratt's History of the Rye-house plot. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 207 
 
 This accident destroyed a great part of the 
 town, and the damage was estimated at £20,000 ; 
 and in the beginning of the last century this town 
 was again visited with a similar disaster. 
 
 At the close of the civil war, on the 9th of June, 
 1647, Charles I. was removed from the house of 
 Lady Cutts, of Childerley, as a prisoner to New- 
 market, where he remained about a fortnight.^ 
 
 The town consists principally of one street, the 
 north side of which is in the county of Suffolk, 
 and the south in that of Cambridge. It is neither 
 lighted nor paved. The houses are modern and 
 well built, and some erected for the occasional resi- 
 dence of visitors are handsome. The town is 
 supplied with water from springs. Coffee-houses, 
 billiard-rooms, libraries, etc., abound, and furnish 
 accommodation and amusement to the numerous 
 visitors at the racing meetings. The race-course 
 and training grounds are the finest in the kingdom. 
 The former is on a grassy heath, near the town, 
 extending in length four miles ; the training ground 
 is more than a mile and a half long, on a very 
 gentle declivity, admirably adapted to keep horses 
 in wind. 
 
 The annual meetings at Newmarket are as fol- 
 lows : — the Craven meeting (a week) begins on 
 Easter Monday. 1st Spring meeting (a week) 
 begins on that day fortnight. 2nd Spring meet- 
 
 * Life of Charles I. p. 986. 
 
208 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ing (a week) begins on that day month. July 
 meeting (a few days) about the 10th July. 1st 
 October meeting (a week), on the Monday before 
 the first Thursday in October. 2nd October meet- 
 ing (a week) on that day fortnight. Houghton 
 meeting (a few days) on that day month. 
 
 The Queen gives two plates annually. The palace 
 erected by James I. has been sold and converted 
 into shops. The building added to the original 
 structure by Charles II. is standing, and was the 
 residence of the late Duke of York during the 
 meetings ; belonging to it are very extensive sta- 
 bles for the King's use. George IV., at his death, 
 left these stables for his lifetime to Mr. Wm. Ed- 
 wards, his training groom, who trains there the 
 horses of the Duke of Beaufort, and Lord Albemarle. 
 
 The training of race-horses is a source of ex- 
 tensive profit, many being constantly sold for 
 exportation at very high prices. About four hun- 
 dred are here in training the greater part of the 
 year, and it is computed that the weekly consump- 
 tion of oats in the town alone, amounts to the 
 amazing quantity of five hundred quarters. The 
 market, which was granted or confirmed in 1227, 
 is held on Tuesday, and there are fairs on Whit- 
 Tuesday and November 8th, which are well sup- 
 plied with cattle, horses, corn, hay, etc., etc. 
 
 Newmarket may truly be styled the classic 
 ground of racing, and it is here only that this 
 delightful sport may be said to exist in perfection. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 209 
 
 No crowd, nobooths impede the view ; none of those 
 discordant sounds which make a perfect Babel of 
 other race-courses distract the attention. The 
 number of spectators seldom exceeds five hundred, 
 and they are mostly of the highest classes, the 
 majority on horseback, with perhaps a few close 
 carriages and barouches, for invalids and ladies. 
 Before each race a busy group surrounds the betting 
 post, when an animating scene takes place, and 
 bets are offered, taken, and booked, with a regu- 
 larity and industry that would do credit to the 
 members of the Stock Exchange. In a moment 
 the crowd disperses ; some gallop to the place of 
 starting to see the horses off and follow them in ; 
 others, again, place themselves opposite that par- 
 ticular part of the course where they think the 
 struggle will take place, and the race, in point of 
 fact, be decided ; while others surround the judge's 
 chair,* eager to know at once the issue of tlie event 
 by which they will be either losers or gainers. The 
 whole scene is one of great interest, and which 
 can nowhere else be witnessed. 
 
 The following Latin verses, descriptive of a 
 race at Newmarket, are from the Britannia, in the 
 folio of Lord Hampden, printed and published in 
 Italy. 
 
 * The judge's chair is on wheels, and is moved about, according to 
 the different parts of the Beacon Course which may have been fixed 
 on for the event to come off over. 
 
 VOL. 1. P 
 
210 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The merit of the Latin verses we leave to the 
 criticism of better classic scholars than ourselves. 
 From the EngUsh translation by Mr. George Dyer, 
 which we subjoin, a fair guess may be made as to 
 their sense, 
 
 Hinc et almatur equi, superant qui cursibus auras 
 
 I, pete planitiem, quam Ditis nomine dicta 
 
 Fossa secat : curtoque viret qua cespiti campus. 
 
 Ecce dato signo Sonipes, jam carcere missus, 
 
 Cui nitide tunicatus eques, lere pondus, inlieeret ; 
 
 Devocet et campum, regne summas atterat herbus, 
 
 Ocyor accipitris, vel hirundinis ocyor ala : 
 
 Ut stadio extramo, cum jam riralibus instat, 
 
 Prsecipitet sese, rireaque acquiret eundo ! 
 
 Tum neque pulmoni, neque nervo parcit ur ulli ! 
 
 Ventre putes modo radere humum, modo la bereaura 
 
 Permistus sudore cruor fluit undique costis, 
 
 Labra madent spumis, et guttere captat hiante 
 
 Flamina ; singultim dum naribus exit aubelis 
 
 Fumces, et inflatse turgent per corpora renae. 
 
 Tum magis atque magis, ferit ungular crebior herbam ; 
 
 Emicat accensus palmee proprioris amorae ; 
 
 Exultans que animi, nunc hunc, nunc prsetirit ilium ; 
 
 Ingeminat clamorque virum, clangorque plagorum ; 
 
 Metaque victorem tota corvice fatetur : 
 
 Nee mora, laetus herus munus regale reportat." 
 
 The following is Mr. Dyer's translatioii : 
 
 Hence, we raise horses, that in speed outstrip 
 The winds : go seek the plain, which the Devil's Ditch 
 Divides ; a field with slender verdure green. 
 Behold the signal given ! Forth from the goal. 
 Starts the resounding horse, and on his back 
 Firm sits, light load, the jockey, jerkin'd neat. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 21 1 
 
 See, he devours the plain, the verdure's top 
 
 Scarce touches ; smft as hawk or swallow flies, 
 
 That, when approaching nearer to the end 
 
 Of the long course, then headlong he may seem 
 
 To rush, and gain new vigour as he goes ! 
 
 Then, neither lungs, nor any nerv^e, he spares ! 
 
 His belly now appears to touch the ground. 
 
 And now he seems fleet as the wind to glide. 
 
 Blood, mixed with sweat, flows quickly down his sides ; 
 
 His lips are wet with foam ; with open throat. 
 
 He drinks the %vind ; and from his nostrils wide 
 
 Issue, with sobs and pantings, curling smoke. 
 
 While through his body, every vein distends. 
 
 Quicker and quicker now his light hoof strikes 
 
 The glebe — and now with love of nearer palm 
 
 Of victory, he glows, while passing by 
 
 His several rivals, how his heart exults ! 
 
 Resound the shouts of men, the smack of whips. 
 
 The goal the conqueror wins, but by a neck. 
 
 And quick he bears away the Royal Plate 
 
 Out of the race weeks, Newmarket is of course 
 very dull, but the gaiety and bustle of the meet- 
 ings make ample amends for the idle intervals. 
 During the meetings crowds throng the streets till 
 a late hour of the night ; the events of the day, or 
 those to come off on the morrow, forming the 
 constant theme in every mouth ; while a sudden 
 rise or fall in the betting on any favorite for a large 
 stake produces the greatest sensation. 
 
 We are sorry to be obhged to deprecate the dis- 
 sipation and gambling to which it is well known 
 the Newmarket lads are addicted to an almost 
 incredible degree. During the winter months these 
 
212 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 hopeful youths amuse themselves by cock-fighting, 
 dog-fighting, and other such amusements ; fre- 
 quently winning and losing what to them must be 
 large sums on the events ; while, on the other 
 hand, there are in this town, roulette and other 
 chance tables kept, where halfpence are staked, 
 and to which these youngsters resort. 
 
 The head quartersof the jockies is a house called 
 the Three Tuns, where they assemble of an even- 
 ing to smoke their pipes and drink sherry and 
 water. Besides these, the company consists chiefly 
 of the doctor whose stock in trade, we imagine con- 
 sists chiefly in purgatives ; the saddlers, and sporting 
 boot-makers of the town, with now and thenayeoman 
 from the neighbourhood, who fancying himself very 
 knowing, goes there to pick up crumhs, which, in 
 some instances, he manages so cleverly, that the 
 result is, he finds himself without a loaf. The 
 landlord is a very civil man, and enthusiastically 
 devoted to the sport ; he regards it with a sort of 
 religious reverence, and it would be a service of 
 danger to attempt to convert him to a belief in any 
 creed that was opposed to it. 
 
 Early in the morning the true sportsman mounts 
 his horse and rides to the fir plantations, where 
 he sees the various studs at exercise, a sight well 
 worthy of the trouble, while the keen air of the 
 downs will amply compensate him with an excel- 
 lent appetite. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 213 
 
 The following are the lengths of the Newmarket 
 
 courses. 
 
 In racing 1760 yards are reckoned to a mile. 
 
 220 yards „ to a furlong. 
 
 240 yards „ to a distance. 
 
 t» 
 
 »» 
 
 The Beacon Course, is 
 
 Round Course 
 
 Last three miles of B. C. 
 
 Ditch-in 
 
 Two middle miles of B. C. 
 
 Audley End Course (from the starting post of the 
 
 T. Z. C, to the end of the B. C.) 
 Clermont Course from the Ditch to Dake's stand 
 Across the Flat .... 
 
 The last mile, and a distance of B. C. 
 Ancaster mUe 
 Rowley mUe 
 Abingdon mile 
 Banbury mile 
 Ditch mile 
 
 From the turn of the lands in 
 T^vo yrs. old course (on the flat) 
 New ditto (part of the Bunbury mile) 
 Yearhng course 
 
 m. 
 
 f. 
 
 yds. 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 138 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 187 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 125 
 
 e 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 217 
 
 
 2 
 
 24 
 
 
 1 
 
 156 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 211 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 208 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 178 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 184 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 136 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 136 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 147 
 
 The following is a list of the principal stakes, 
 etc., usually run for at the seven annual meetings ; 
 in addition to which matches are frequently decid- 
 ed at all the meetings. 
 
 NEWMARKET CRAVEN MEETING^ 1839. 
 
 Monday, the 1st of April. — The Craven Stakes ; 
 
214 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 a subscription of 10 sovs. each, for three yrs. old, 
 6st. ; four, 8st. 41b. ; five, 8st. 131b. ; six and 
 aged, 9st. 51b. A. F, 
 
 To close and name at the Coffee Room by six 
 o'clock in the evening before running. 
 
 The twenty-fifth Riddlesworth Stakes of 200 
 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b.; 
 sound fillies, 8st. 41b. Ab. M. untried stalUons or 
 mares allowed 31b., if both, 51b. 
 
 Produce Stakes of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for 
 colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. A. F. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, for foals of 1836 ; 
 colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 41b. ; those by untried 
 stallions, or out of untried mares, allowed 3 lb. 
 D. M. 
 
 Tuesday. — Sixth Tuesday Riddlesworth Stakes 
 of 200 sovs. each, h. ft., for the produce of mares 
 covered in 1835 ; colts. 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 41b. 
 Ab. M. ; untried mares or stallions, allowed 31b. ; 
 if both, 51b. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for colts, 
 8st. 71b., and filhes, 8st. 41b. D.M. those out of 
 mares which have produced a winner of the Derby, 
 Oaks, St. Leger, or 2000 gs. stakes, to carry 51b. 
 extra. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 100 sov. each, h. ft. ; 8st. 71b. 
 each ; D. M. 
 
 The Oatlands stakes of 50 sov. each ; h. ft. ; 
 and only 10 sov. ft. if declared on or before the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 215 
 
 31st of December; D. I. The 10 sov. fts. to go 
 to the owner of the second horse. 
 
 Wednesday. — The Column Stakes of 50 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. ; for colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 
 71b., then three yrs. old; those got by untried 
 stallions, out of untried mares, allowed 31b. if both, 
 51b. R.M. 
 
 Thursday. — Sweepstakes of 100 sovs. each, h. 
 ft., for the produce of mares covered in 1835; 
 colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 41b. R. M. ; untried 
 stallions or mares allowed 31b., if both, 51b. 
 
 The Vacillation Stakes of 150 sovs. each, L. ft., 
 for foals of 1836 ; colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 41b, 
 R. M. ; each subscriber to name two foals, with 
 option of changing such foals on Saturday in the 
 Craven meeting, 1837, upon paying a bonus of 
 £10, extra, to go to the owner of the second horse; 
 one to the post ; untried stallions or mares allowed 
 31b., only one allowance. 
 
 Friday. — Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; 
 for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 
 41b. Ab. ; all those got by untried stallions, or out 
 of untried mares, allowed 31b. 
 
 The Post Stakes ; a sweepstakes of 100 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. ; for four yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., 
 fillies, 8st. 41b., not named in the Claret ;T. M. M. 
 the owner of the second horse to withdraw his 
 stake. 
 
216 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 FIRST SPRING MEETING. 
 
 The Cup may be challenged for on the Monday 
 or Tuesday in this meeting, to be run for over the 
 B. C. on Tuesday in the first October meeting next, 
 by horses, &c., the property of the members of 
 the Jockey Club ; four years old carrying Sst. 71b., 
 five, 9st. 21b. ; and six and aged, 9st. 61b. Each 
 gentleman at the time of challenging is to sub- 
 scribe his name to a paper, to be hung up in the 
 Coffee Room at Newmarket, and deliver to the 
 keeper of the match-book the name or description 
 of his horse, &c., sealed up, which is here to be 
 kept till six o'clock on Saturday evening; and 
 if not then accepted, and only one challenger, to 
 be returned unopened ; but if accepted, or if more 
 than one challenger, to be opened and declared a 
 match, or sweepstakes of 200 sovs. each, p. p. 
 If the challenge be not accepted, the Cup is to be 
 delivered to the keeper of the match-book, in the 
 meeting ensuing the challenge, for the person who 
 may become entitled to the same. 
 
 Tuesday. — The 2000 gs. Stakes, a subscription 
 of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for three yrs. old, colts, 
 8st. 7ib. ; and fillies, 8st. 41b. R. M. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 300 sovs. each, 100 ft. ; for four 
 year old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, Sst. 21b. B. C. 
 
 Thursday. — The 1000 gs. Stakes, a subscription 
 of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for three yrs. old fillies, 
 Sst. 41b., D. M. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 217 
 
 The Clarendon Stakes of 200 sovs. each, h. ft. ; 
 for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b, and fillies, 8st. 
 31b., R. M. 
 
 Friday. The Newmarket Stakes, a subscription 
 of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for three yrs. old colts, 
 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 21b., D. M. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 100 sovs. each, h. ft., for three 
 yrs. old fillies, warranted untried at the time of 
 naming ; 8st. 71b. each, D. M. ; those out of un- 
 tried mares allowed 31b., a winner of 200 sovs. 
 before the day of starting to carry 71b. extra. 
 
 SECOND SPRING MEETING. 
 
 The whip may be challenged for on the Tuesday 
 or Wednesday in this meeting, and the acceptance 
 must be signified, or the Whip resigned, before the 
 end of the same meeting. If challenged for and 
 accepted, to be run for on the Tuesday in the 
 second October meeting following, B. C, lOst. 
 each, and to stake 200 sovs. each, p. p. 
 
 [commences on TUESDAY THE 30TH OF APRIL.] 
 
 Thursday. — Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each ; for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8 st. 71b., and fillies 8st. 41b,. 
 T. Y. C. 
 
 To close at the end of the Craven meeting, and 
 name on the Tuesday before running. 
 
218 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 JULY MEETING, 1839. 
 
 Tuesday, July the 9th, (first race.) — Handicap 
 Sweepstakes of iO so vs. each; for three yrs. old 
 and upwards ; New T. Y. C. 
 
 To close and name before dinner on the day 
 before running. Four subscribers or no race. 
 
 The July Stakes, a subscription of 50 sovs. 
 each, 30 ft. ; for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and 
 fillies, 8st. 51b., NewT. Y. C. 
 
 Thursday. — ^The Chesterfield Stakes of 30 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. ; for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and 
 filUes, 8st. 41b. ; the last half mile of B. M. ; the 
 winner of the July stakes to carry 91b., and the 
 second horse, 41b., extra. 
 
 The Buxton Stakes of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. ; and fillies, 8st. 41b. ; 
 untried horses or mares allowed 31b., T. Y. C. 
 
 FIRST OCTOBER MEETING. 
 
 Tuesday the 1st. of October. — The Buckenham 
 Stakes of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for the produce of 
 mares covered in 1836 ; colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 
 8st. 41b., T. Y. C. to bring one to the post. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 150 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for foals 
 of 1837 ; colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 41b., T. Y. C. ; 
 bona fide their own property at the time of naming. 
 
 The Grand Duke Michael Stakes of 50 sovs. each; 
 for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 
 31b., A. F. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 219 
 
 The Hopeful Stakes of 40 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 51b. ; 
 the last half of Ab. M. the winner of the July or 
 Chesterfield stakes to carry 61b. if both 91b. extra ; 
 the winner of any other sweepstakes or plate, to 
 carry 31b extra ; those got by Arabians, or out of 
 Arabian mares, allowed 51b. ; if twenty subscribers, 
 the owner of the second horse to receive 50 sovs. 
 out of the stakes ; if thirty, 100 sovs., and if forty, 
 150 sovs. 
 
 Wednesday. — The St. Leger Stakes of 25 sovs. 
 each ; for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fiUies, 
 8st. 41b., D. I. 
 
 Thursday. — Post Sweepstakes of 300 sovs. each ; 
 colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 41b., K. M. ; to bring 
 one to the post. 
 
 The Rutland Stakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft. , for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. ; and fillies, 8st. 31b. ; 
 from the turn of the Lands, in : the winner of the 
 July or Chesterfield stakes to carry 71b. extra ; all 
 other winners previously to the day of running to 
 carry 31b. extra. 
 
 SECOND OCTOBER MEETING. 
 
 The Whip may be challenged for on the Monday 
 or Tuesday in this meeting, and the acceptance 
 must be signified, or the whip resigned, before the 
 end of the same meeting. If challenged for, and 
 accepted, to be run for on the Thursday in the 
 
220 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 second spring meeting following ; B. C, weight, 
 lOst., and to stake 200 sovs. each, p. p. 
 
 [commences on MONDAY THE 14TH OF OCTOBER FOR THE YEAR.] 
 
 Tuesday. — ^The Clearwell Stakes of 30 sovs. 
 
 each, 20 ft. ; for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and 
 fillies, 8st. 51b., T. Z. C, the winner of the July 
 stakes to carry 71b. extra. 
 
 Friday, — The Prendergast Stakes of 50 sovs. 
 
 each. h. ft. ; for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b, and 
 fillies, Sst. 51b., T. Z. C. 
 
 HOUGHTON MEETING. 
 
 Monday the 28th of October.— The Criterion 
 Stakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft. ; for two yrs. old 
 colts, 8st. 71b, and fillies, 8st. 51b. ; from the turn 
 of the Lands, in ; a winner of the July, Clearwell, 
 or Prendergast stakes, to carry 71b, or of any two 
 of these stakes, 91b extra ; all other winners pre- 
 viously to the day of running to carry 21b. extra ; 
 the owner of the second horse to receive back his 
 stake. 
 
 Thursday. — Sweepstakes of 100 sovs. each, h. 
 ft., for foals of 1837 ; colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 
 41b., T. Z. C. ' 
 
 Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for two yrs. 
 old colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies 8st. 41b., T. Z. C. 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 Chester, the capital of the county, is situated on 
 
BRITISH TURF. 221 
 
 the river Dee, over which is a fine bridge of twelve 
 arches. The ancient walls still remain, and afford a 
 pleasant promenade of nearly two miles in length. 
 In 1 83 1 , the inhabitants amounted to 2 1 ,363. The 
 course is flat, and one mile and a hundred yards 
 in circumference. The races take place in the 
 beginning of May, and continue five days. 
 
 The following is a list of the stakes, &c. 
 
 1st. Day. — The Trial Stakes, of 15 sovs. each, 
 with 50 added by the Stand Committee ; three yrs. 
 old, 6st. 41b. ; four, 8st. 61b. ; five, 9st. 21b. ; six 
 and aged, 9st. 61b. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; once 
 round. 
 
 To close and name on the day of entry for the 
 plates. 
 
 A Produce Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. 
 colts, 8st. 41b. ; fillies 8st. ; two miles. 
 
 The Tradesmen's Plate, of 200 sovs. in specie, 
 added to a handicap sweepstakes of zO sovs. each. 
 10 sovs. ft., and 5 if declared on or before the 1st 
 of February. Three to accept, or no race ; to 
 start at the Castle-pole, run twice round, and end 
 at the coming-in chair. Second horse to receive 
 25 sovs. out of the stakes. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 50 added 
 bv the Stand Committee, for horses that never 
 won before the day of entry for the plates ; heats 
 two miles ; three yrs. old, 6st. 121b. -, four, 8st. 
 21b. ; five, 8st., 81b. ; six and aged, 8st. 121b. ; 
 
222 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. Three subscribers or no 
 
 race. 
 
 2nd. Day. — The Stand Cup, value 100 sovs. etc. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, for two yrs. 
 colts, 8st. 51b., and fillies, 8st. 21b., half a mile. 
 
 3rd. Day. — The Dee Stakes of 50 sovs. each ; 
 h. ft., for three yrs. old ; Derby weights ; to start 
 at the Castle-pole, go once round, and finish at the 
 coming-in chair, etc., etc. 
 
 4th. Day. — A Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 
 for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 
 21b ; one mile and three quarters. If six sub- 
 scribers, the second horse to receive back his 
 stake. 
 
 To close and name on the day of entry for the 
 plates. 
 
 The Selling Stakes, of 5 sovs. each, with 30 
 sovs. added by the Citizens ; heats, the Grosvenor 
 Course ; three yrs. old to carry 6st. 41b. ; four, 
 8st. 51b. ; five, 8st. 121b. ; six and aged, 9st. 21b.; 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. The winner to be sold for 
 100 sovs. if demanded. Four subscribers or no 
 race. 
 
 To close and name on the day of entry for the 
 plates. The second horse to save his stake. 
 
 5th day. — The Palatine Stakes of 50 sovs. each, 
 h. ft., for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 
 8st. 21b. ; to start at the Castle-pole, go once 
 round, and finish at the coming-in chair ; those 
 
BRITISH TURF. 223 
 
 out of untried mares, or got by untried stallions 
 allowed 31b., both, 51b. 
 
 The Cheshire Stakes of 25 sovs. each, with 50 
 sovs. added by the citizens of Chester; 15 sovs. 
 ft., and 5 sovs. only if declared to Mr. Jackson, 
 Chester, or Messrs. Weatherby, London, on or 
 before the 1st of February; two miles; the win- 
 ner of the Trade Cup to carry 51b. extra ; second 
 horse to save his stake, and three to remain in, 
 or no race. Any person taking a nomination for 
 this stake, and remaining in, will have to pay the 
 15 sovs. should he not start, and if he start, the 
 25 sovs. ; and no horse will be allowed to start, 
 whose owner, confederate, or trainer, has not 
 paid all former arrears of stakes at these races. 
 
 The Roodee Stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 with 50 sovs. added by the Stand Committee, 
 for three yrs. old that have run during the week ; 
 to start at the two yrs. old post, go once round, 
 and in. 
 
 To be named before seven o'clock the preceding 
 evening, to Mr. Jackson, Clerk of the Course, and 
 to be handicapped by the Stewards, or whom they 
 shall appoint. 
 
 The Wirral stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 50 
 to be added by the gentlemen of Wirral, for two 
 yrs. old, 6st. 121b., and three, 9st. ; f. and g. al- 
 lowed 21b. ; three quarters of a mile. Five sub- 
 scribers, or no race. The money will not be paid 
 if walked over for. 
 
224 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Knutsford on the river Birken, in the hundred 
 of Bucklow, 173 miles from London. In 1831 
 the number of inhabitants amounted to 2,823. 
 The races here are held a week after the Wrexham 
 Meeting, and the stakes close in September. 
 
 Sandbach, 162 miles from London. — This town 
 affords two days' racing in September, but the 
 stakes are of a trifling nature. 
 
 Wilmslow. — One day's racing in September ; 
 but very inferior both as to the number and value 
 of the stakes. 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 Bodmin. — One day's racing, in September. 
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 
 Carlisle, the capital of the county, stands on 
 the south side of the river Eden, 305 miles from 
 London, and sixteen from Penrith. The races 
 are held about the latter end of October, and af- 
 ford three days' sport ; and on the last day, her 
 Majesty's Plate of lOOgs., for horses of all ages, 
 four miles, is run for. 
 
 Inglewood Hunt and Penrith, 296 miles from 
 London. Two days' racing towards the middle of 
 October. On the second day a plate of £50 is 
 given by the Inglewood Hunt Racing-fund, for 
 horses of all ages ; two mile heats. 
 
 DERBYSHIRE. 
 
 Buxton. — A town celebrated for its medicinal 
 
BRITISH TURF. 225 
 
 waters, which attract a great niimber of visitors 
 in the summer months. It is situated in a valley, 
 160 miles from London. In 1831, the inhabitants 
 amounted to 1,211. The course is one mile in cir- 
 cumference. 
 
 Two days' racing take place here, towards the 
 latter end of June. On the first day, an elegant 
 gold cup, value lOOgs., is given by the Duke of 
 Devonshire, added to a handicap sweepstakes of 
 15 sovs. each, 10 forfeit, and 5 only if declared as 
 advertised in the calendar ; the owner of the second 
 horse receiving back his stake. On the second 
 day, a plate of £50 is given by the town, for horses 
 that never won that value. Three yrs. old, 7st. 
 31b. ; four, 8st. 61b. ; five, 8st. 101b. ; six and aged, 
 8s t 121b. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; heats, twice 
 round. 
 
 Chesterfield. — In the hundred of Scarsdale, 150 
 miles from London. In 1831, the inhabitants 
 amounted to 10,688. Two days' racing about the 
 commencement of October. On the first day a 
 plate, of 60gs. is given by the Duke of Devon- 
 shire, for horses that never won £50 before the 
 day of naming ; weights the same as for the 
 Duke's Cup at Buxton. Two mile heats. 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 Exeter. — A large city and capital of the county. 
 It stands on the river Ex, 170 miles from London. 
 
 VOL. I. Q 
 
226 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Exeter contains a magnificent cathedral, and its 
 see gives name to a bishopric, which includes 
 nearly the whole of Devonshire and Cornwall. 
 The salubrity of the air, with the cheapness of 
 provisions, especially fish and poultry, attract to 
 this city numerous families with limited incomes. 
 In 1831, the population amounted to 28,201. 
 
 The old course is round, or rather oval, of two 
 miles, two-thirds of which are nearly flat, and the 
 remainder rather hilly ; the last half mile is in a 
 straight line, with a little ascent, and a beautiful run 
 home. There is a round and level course of one 
 mile, recently made, called the New Course, and 
 a three mile course, also nearly level, formed out 
 of the new and old courses. 
 
 The races take place towards the end of August, 
 and continue two days. They are as follows :— 
 
 The sixteenth year of the Devonshire Stakes of 25 
 sovs. each, 10 ft., and only 5, if declared, etc. No 
 non-subscriber to have more than one nomination 
 given him, and no subscriber more than two. The 
 taker of a nomination remaining in, will have to 
 pay the 10 sovs. should he not start, and if he 
 start, the 25 sovs. The second horse to save his 
 stake, should there be twentv subscribers. The 
 horses to be named to Messrs. Weatherby, in 
 London, on or before the Monday after the 
 Ascot Meeting, and the weights to be fixed by the 
 Stewards, or whom they may appoint. Three 
 
BRITISH TURF. 227 
 
 » 
 
 horses to remain ia, or no race. Once round the 
 Old Course ; the winner of the Saltrum Stakes to 
 carry 51b. extra. 
 
 The Ladies' Purse of 25 sovs., added to a sweep- 
 stakes of 5 sovs. each, 2 ft., for horses of all 
 denominations, to be ridden by gentlemen ; heats, 
 one mile. To close and name on the 1st of Au- 
 gust, and the w^eights to be fixed the Monday 
 before running. 
 
 The piece of plate, by subscription of 10 sovs. 
 each ; for three yrs. old, 7st. 41b. ; four, 8st. 71b. ; 
 five, 9st.; six and aged, 9st. 41b.; m. andg. to be al- 
 lowed 31b. ; and horses which have never won a plate 
 or sweepstakes, or were bred in either of the four 
 western counties, to be allowed 51b. : — the winner of 
 any prize in this year (except handicaps and matches) 
 to carry the following extra weights : of £50 and 
 not exceeding £100 in value, 3lb. ; of £100 or up- 
 wards, 51b. ; and of any two prizes of £50, or one 
 of £50 and the other of £100, 71b., and if both of 
 the latter valu^ 91b. ; heats, once round the old 
 course, and a distance ; the horses to start from 
 the distance-post. Three horses to remain in, or 
 no race. 
 
 The Home Stakes, with the County Members' 
 Plate added, being a sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, 
 3 ft. ; three yrs. old, 9st. 51b. ; four, lOst. 91b. ; 
 five, list. 71b. ; six, list. 121b. ; and aged, 12st. ; 
 the horses to be bona fide the property of sub- 
 
 Q 2 
 
228 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 scribers being resident in Devon and Cornwall, to 
 have been in their possession and wholly trained 
 in either of the before-mentioned counties, from 
 the 1st of May next. Certificates to the above 
 effect to be produced to the Clerk of the Course, 
 at the time of the entry. Horses not thorough- 
 bred to be allowed 71b. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. 
 Three horses to start, or the plate will not be 
 given. Heats, two miles , to start from the dis- 
 tance-post ; to be ridden by gentlemen, or by 
 persons residing in Devon and Cornwall. 
 
 To close on the 1st of July, and the horses to 
 be named as for the Devonshire Stakes. 
 Mr. Charles Brutton, Exeter, 
 
 Treasurer and Secretary. 
 
 Newton Abbot, 162 miles from London. — Two 
 days' racing, about the latter end of July. 
 
 Plymouth. About 220 miles from London, 
 and celebrated for its vast dock-yards, naval arse- 
 nal, &c. The course is nearly oval, being a mile 
 and a half in circumference, quite flat, with a 
 straight run home of a third of a mile. A Spring 
 Meeting is held in May, but the grand meeting 
 takes place in August, and continues two days. 
 
 PLYMOUTH^ DEVONPORT AND CORNWALL RACES. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft. with 10 
 added from the fund, for the produce of mares 
 covered in 1835 ; colts, 8st. 71b. ; fillies and geld- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 229 
 
 ings, 8st. 41b. ; one mile ; untried stallions or 
 mares whose produce have not won, allowed 31b., 
 if both, 51b. ^ 
 
 The Saltram Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft., 
 and 5 only if declared to Mr. Weatherby, or to 
 Mr. Weir, Clerk of the Course, at Plymouth, by 
 a day to be fixed when the handicap is declared. 
 No non-subscriber to have more than one nomina- 
 tion, and no subscriber to have more than two. The 
 taker of a nomination remaining in, will have to 
 pay 10 sovs. should he not start, and if he start, 
 25 sovs., the second horse to save his stake. 
 The lowest weight on a thorough-bred three yrs. 
 old, to be 7st. 
 
 The horses to be named to Mr. Weatherby, in 
 London, on or before the Monday after Epsom. 
 The weights to be declared the Monday after 
 Ascot ; once round and a distance. Three to 
 remain in, or no race. 
 
 Second day. — The Cornwall Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, h. ft., with the United Service Plate added. 
 
 To close and name on the Monday after Ascot 
 races, and the weights to be fixed on the Monday 
 after the Cheltenham Meeting ; one mile ; if five 
 horses start, the second to save his stake. The 
 winner of the Saltram in 1839, to carry 101b. 
 extra. Three horses to start, or the plate will not 
 be given. 
 
 The Welter Stakes of 5 sovs. each, 3 ft., for 
 
230 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 horses of all denominations ; to be ridden by gen- 
 tlemen, yeomen, etc. ; heats, once round and a 
 distance. 
 
 To close and name by six o'clock, the evening 
 before running, and the weights to be declared by 
 ten o'clock the next morning. 
 
 Tavistock, 207 miles from London. — One day's 
 racing takes place at this city the beginning of 
 May. The course is round, or rather oval, two 
 miles, a little hilly, the last three quarters of a 
 mile straight, and very nearly level. The one 
 mile is a proportion of the above. The races held 
 here have not obtained, as yet, any celebrity. 
 
 Tiverton, 162 miles from London. — Two davs' 
 racing about the latter end of August. On the 
 first day, a plate of £.50 is given by the members 
 of Parliament for the borough ; and on the second 
 day, a plate of £20, subscribed by the tradesmen 
 of the town is given, to be run for by half-bred 
 horses, 
 
 Totness, 196 miles from London. — The races 
 here, commonly called the Totness and Bridge- 
 town races, are held for two days about the latter 
 end of August. On the first day, a plate of £50 
 is given by Lord Seymour, for horses that never 
 won cup, plate, or stake of more than £100. The 
 winner to be sold for 100 sovs. if demanded, etc. ; 
 heats, twice round the course, which is about a 
 mile in circumference. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 231 
 
 DORSETSHIRE. 
 
 Blandforcl. — A market and borough town in the 
 hundred of Pimperne, 103 miles from London. It 
 is a clean and well-built town, on the river Stour, 
 overlooking which, at the end of the town, is the 
 fine mansion and richly ornamented grounds of 
 Lord Portman. This town, although frequently 
 destroyed by fire, has always risen like a Phoenix 
 from its ashes. The principal employment is that 
 of making shirt-buttons, which is a source of 
 much prosperity to the place. In 1821, the in- 
 habitants amounted to 2,643. The races take 
 place about a week after those at Salisbury, to- 
 wards the latter part of August, for the following 
 stakes, etc. 
 
 The Provincial Criterion Stakes of 30 sovs. 
 20 ft. ; for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 
 8st. 41b., with 20 sovs. added if three horses start ; 
 a winner once in the same year, previous to starting, 
 to carry 51b., twice or more, 71b. extra; three 
 quarters of a mile over the New Course. ^ 
 
 The Dorsetshire gold Cup, value 100 sovs. in 
 specie (the surplus to the second horse) by sub- 
 scription of 10 sovs. each; three yrs. old, 6st. 
 101b.; four, 8st. ilb. ; five, 8st. 101b.; six, 9st. ; 
 and aged, 9st. 21b. ; the winner of a Queen's 
 plate, or the value of 100 sovs., including his own 
 stake, in the same year, previous to starting, to carry 
 51b. extra ; m. and g. allowed 31b. The win- 
 
232 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ner to be sold for 500gs. Two miles and a dis- 
 tance. 
 
 The Dorsetshire Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft. 
 and five only if declared to the clerk of the course ; 
 the second horse to save his stake ; two miles. 
 
 To close and name to the clerk of the course on 
 days hereafter to be mentioned. 
 
 Mr. Wyatt, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 Dorchester, on the river Frome, the capital of 
 the county, 120 miles from London. In 1831, 
 the inhabitants amounted to 3033. Two days' 
 racing takes place here towards the middle of 
 September. On the first day £50 is given by 
 the tradesmen of the town, and on the second 
 the ladies give a plate of the same value. 
 
 Weymouth is beautifully situated on the western 
 shore of a fine open bay in the English Channel, 
 and is divided into two parts by the river Wey. 
 It is eight miles from Dorchester, and 130 from 
 London, and contains between 6 and 7000 in- 
 habitants. It contains a theatre, which is open 
 during the race week, besides assembly rooms, 
 libraries, etc. The races were established in 1821, 
 and are generally well attended. They take place 
 about the latter end of August, and among the 
 prizes contended for, are the Queen's plate of 
 lOOgs,, and the member's plate of 50gs. 
 
 The course, which adjoins the town, is consi- 
 dered very good. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 233 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 Durham, the capital of the county, is situated 
 on the river Wear, 260 miles from London. The 
 castle and cathedral stand on an eminence, and 
 are well worth the attention of visitors. The see 
 of Durham is the most richly endowed of any in 
 England. In 1831, the inhabitants amounted to 
 10,125. 
 
 Three days' racing takes place here in the 
 beginning of May, which is well attended. On 
 the first day, a plate of £50 is given by the 
 members for the city of Durham, for horses that 
 never won £50 at any one time, in plate, or stakes, 
 before the day of running ; two mile heats. On 
 the second day, a plate of £50 is given by 
 the members for the northern division of the 
 county ; three yrs. old, 7st. 41b. ; four, 8st. 51b. ; 
 five, 8st. 101b. ; six and aged, 9st ; m. and g. al- 
 lowed 31b. A winner of £50 at any one time, in 
 plate or stake, before the day of entry, to carry 
 31b., if two or more, 51b. extra ; two mile heats. 
 
 Stockton is situated on an eminence on the 
 northern bank of the river Tees, 20 miles from 
 Durham, and 244 from London, and contains up- 
 wards of 5000 inhabitants. The races are held 
 about the end of August, a week after those of 
 York, on the Carrs, on the opposite side of the 
 river. On the second day, a gold cup, value 
 £100, by subscription of 10 sovs. each; two miles 
 and a distance. 
 
234 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 Chelmsford, on the junction of the riv^ers Cann 
 and Chelmer, 29 miles from London. In 1831, 
 the inhabitants amounted to 5,435. The course is 
 oval, and being about thirty yards short of two 
 miles in circumference, the horses start between 
 the distance-post and the winning-chair, to make 
 up the two miles. 
 
 The races are held towards the latter end of 
 August, and afford two days' excellent sport to a 
 numerous and fashionable attendance. On the 
 first day, in addition to her Majesty's plate of 
 lOOgs., the Stewards give a plate of £50 to be run 
 for. A town plate of £50 is generally given on the 
 second day, although not run for at the last 
 meeting. 
 
 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 
 
 Bibury. — Races are held at this place at the 
 close of the hunting season, when several hunters' 
 stakes are run for, but the horses being for the 
 most part half-bred, and ridden by gentlemen, this 
 meeting is merely of local interest. 
 
 CLIFTON AND BRISTOL. 
 
 Bristol is a large commercial city, partly within 
 the boundary of the county of Somerset, and 
 partly in that of Gloucester, though it is a county 
 
BRITISH TURF. 235 
 
 in itself. It is situated in a valley, at the junction 
 of the rivers Frome and Avon, distant 119 miles from 
 London, and thirteen miles from Bath. The trade 
 of this city with the West Indies is the most con- 
 siderable ; and that with Spain and Portugal, 
 with the Baltic ports, Mediterranean, etc., if in- 
 ferior to that of London and Liverpool, is next 
 in importance. 
 
 Chfton, one of the parishes which compose the 
 city, contains crescents, parades, and. streets, 
 which vie with the best in the metropolis, and 
 far exceed them in the beauty of their situation 
 and prospects. * The hot wells, near this city, 
 were formerly held in higher fame than at the 
 present day, but the water is still in estimation for 
 its purity. The present population is reckoned at 
 upw^ards of 105,000 persons. 
 
 Bristol has two days' racing, about the beginning 
 of May. A plate of £50 is given by the members for 
 the city of Bristol ; besides which, the following 
 stakes afford amusement to a most numerous atten- 
 dance. 
 
 The two yrs. old Stakes, of 30 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 with 20 added ; T. Y. C, about half a mile. Four 
 to be entered, or no race ; and three to start, or 
 the 20 sovs. wall not be given ; colts, 8st. 71b. ; 
 fillies, 8st.4lb. ; half-bred allowed 31b. 
 
 The Chfton Stakes of 20 sovs. each, with 20 
 added; 10 ft., and only 5 if declared to Messrs. 
 Weatherby, London, or to Mr„ Robert Harris, 
 
2S6 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Clifton, by four o'clock on the last Monday before 
 the Bath Spring Meeting ; the second horse to 
 save his stake. Three to remain in, or no race ; 
 about two miles. 
 
 To name and close on the 1st of March. 
 
 The Kingsweston Stakes of 10 sovs. each, 2 ft., 
 with 20 added ; the CUfton Stakes Course ; gen- 
 tlemen riders. Forfeit to be declared at the same 
 time as for the Clifton stakes. Four to remain in, 
 or no race. 
 
 To name and close the 1st of March. 
 
 The Gold Cup of sovs. (in specie) added to a 
 sweepstakes of 30 sovs. each, 10 ft. Three horses 
 to start, or the cup will be withheld till next year ; 
 if three horses start, the winner to subscribe 10 
 sovs. to the cup in 1840 ; three miles. 
 
 Horses to be named on or before the 1st of 
 March, and to be handicapped by the stewards, or 
 whom they may appoint. Forfeit to be declared 
 pn the last Monday before the Bath Spring Meet- 
 ing. 
 
 Robert Harris, Clerk of the Course, 
 
 11, Sun Row, Clifton. 
 
 CHELTENHAM. 
 
 A market town and parish, in the hundred 
 of Cheltenham, eight miles (E.N.E.) from 
 Gloucester, and ninety-five (W.N.W.) from Lon- 
 don, containing about 22,000 inhabitants. This 
 
BRITISH TURF. 237 
 
 place takes its name from the small river Chilt, 
 which rises at Dowdswell, in the vicinity, 
 and runs through the town in its course to the 
 Severn. Cheltenham derives its importance from 
 its mineral springs, the oldest of which was first 
 noticed in 1716 ; since which time various others 
 have been discovered, the last in 1803 by Dr. 
 Thomas Jameson, who has analysed the waters. 
 In 1721, the old well or spa to the south of the 
 town was enclosed, and in 1738, Capt. Skillicorn 
 erected over it a brick pavilion, built a pump-room, 
 and laid out walks for the accommodation of 
 visitors. 
 
 In 1780, the number of lodging-houses amounted 
 only to thirty ; but since the visit of George III, 
 in 1788, Cheltenham has been rapidly rising into 
 note as a fashionable place of resort, and is at 
 present famous for the elegance of its buildings, 
 the extent and variety of its accommodations, and 
 the rank and number of its visitors, of whom, in 
 the course of the season, there are generally no 
 less than 15,000. The principal street is more 
 than a mile and a half in length, containing many 
 handsome ranges of buildings. Besides the pa- 
 vilion over the old well, above mentioned, and 
 which was enlarged by the erection of a new pump- 
 room, in 1803, there is the Montpelier Spa, the 
 pump-room of which is a spacious and handsome 
 rotunda, with a colonade in front, and nearer the 
 town in the same direction, the Imperial Spa, an 
 
238 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 elegant building, in the Grecian style of architec- 
 ture, opened in 1818. On the north side of 
 Cheltenham is the new town of Pittville, with a 
 handsome pump-room, the first stone of which w^as 
 laid in 1825, and in the erection of which, upwards 
 of £20,000 has been expended. Cheltenham con- 
 tains a theatre, various libraries, reading-rooms, 
 and musical repositories, etc. ; concerts and assem- 
 blies take place regularly during the season, under 
 the superintendence of a master of the cere- 
 monies. 
 
 Two days' racing takes place in the beginning 
 of July, over the Improved Old Course on Cleeve 
 Hill. The following is a list of the principal 
 stakes, etc. 
 
 The Gloucestershire Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 
 15 ft., and 5 if declared by the 1st of June ; about 
 two miles ; the owner of the second horse to have 
 his stake returned. Any person taking a nomina- 
 tion for this stake, and not declaring forfeit by the 
 1st of June, as above, will have to pay the 25 sovs. 
 or the forfeit of 15 sovs., as the case may be; and 
 no horse will be allowed to start whose confede- 
 rate, or trainer, has not paid all former arrears. 
 No non-subscriber to receive more than one nomi- 
 nation ; the winner of the Somersetshire stakes, 
 to carry 51b. extra. The winner to pay 20 sovs. to 
 the judge. 
 
 The horses to be named to Messrs. Weatherby, 
 or to the Secretary, Cheltenham, on or before the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 239 
 
 1st of May ; and the declaration of forfeit to either, 
 and the weights to be fixed on or before the 14th 
 of May. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each ; for two yrs. 
 old, 6 St. 81b., and three, 8s t. 121b. ; f. allowed 
 31b. ; the last three quarters of a mile. 
 
 To close and name to Messrs. Weatherby, or 
 to the Secretary, Cheltenham, on or before the 
 IstofMav. 
 
 The Cotsweld Stakes of 25 sovs. each ; for three 
 yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 41b. ; mile 
 and a half. 
 
 To close and name to Messrs. Weatherby, or 
 to the Secretary, Cheltenham, on or before the 1st 
 of May. 
 
 The Cheltenham Stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 with 20 added from the fund, for any horse ; heats, 
 two miles ; gentlemen riders. 
 
 To close and name to Messrs. Weatherby, or to 
 the Secretary, Cheltenham, on or before the 1st of 
 May. To be handicapped by the Stewards, or 
 whom they may appoint, and the weights declared 
 in due tine. 
 
 The Sherborne Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 30 
 added from the fund, for all ages. To be handi- 
 capped by the Stewards, or whom they may ap- 
 point ; one mile. 
 
 To close to Messrs. Weatherby, or to the Secre- 
 tary Cheltenham, on the 1st of May ; and the horses 
 to be named by six o'clock in the evening of the 
 
240 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 first day of the race, to the Secretary, and the 
 weights to be declared by nine o'clock the same 
 evening. 
 
 The Southam Stakes, of 5 sovs. each, with 30 
 added from the fund, for any horse that never w^on 
 £100 at any one time, before the day of nomina- 
 tion ; three yrs. old, 7st. ; four, 8st. 71b. ; five, 
 9st. 51b, ; six, 9st. 121b. ; and aged, lOst. ; m. and 
 g. allowed 31b. ; the winner of £100 at any time 
 previous to the day of starting, to carry, 51b. extra ; 
 two miles. 
 
 To close and name to Messrs. Weatherby, or to 
 the Secretary, Cheltenham, on or before the 1st 
 of May. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for colts, 
 8st. 71b. ; filHes and geldings, 8st. 31b., the pro- 
 duce of mares covered in 1835 ; those by untried 
 stallions, or out of mares which never bred, to be 
 allowed 31b., if both, 51b. ; the winner of the Bath 
 produce, in the same year, to carry 3Ib. extra ; 
 about a mile and a quarter. 
 
 The Scurry Stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft., with 
 20 added, for any horse ; gentlemen riders ; heats, 
 the last half mile. 
 
 To close and name to the Secretary, by six 
 o'clock in the evening of the first day of the races, 
 and the weiofhts to be declared bv ten o'clock the 
 same evening. To be handicapped by the Stewards 
 or whom they may appoint. 
 
 The Prestbury Stakes of 10 sovs, each, with 20 
 
BRITISH TURF. 241 
 
 added from the fund. To close and name to the 
 Secretary, by eight o'clock, the evening before 
 running. 
 
 The Victoria Stakes of 50 sovs., given by the 
 ladies of Cheltenham, added to a sweepstakes of 
 5 sovs. each, for the beaten horses of the meeting ; 
 the winner to receive 50 sovs., the second horse 
 10 sovs., and the third horse 5 sovs. ; the surplus 
 of the sweepstakes to go to the winner ; two miles. 
 Three subscribers or no race. 
 
 To close immediately after the race preceding, 
 at the weighing-room. To be handicapped by the 
 Stewards, or whom they may appoint. 
 
 Mr. Clark, of Newmarket, Judge. 
 
 Mr. C. Wood, of Cheltenham, Secretary. 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 A city, inland port, and county of itself, 34 miles 
 N.N.E. from Bristol, and 107 W.N.W. from Lon- 
 don, on the road to South Wales, containing about 
 10,000 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated in a 
 fertile vale, on the eastern bank of the river 
 Severn. The bridge is a handsome structure of 
 stone, from which a causeway, half a mile in 
 length, extends across the Isle of Alney to Orve. 
 
 The cathedral is one of the most magnificent 
 ecclesiastical structures in England. The oldest 
 parts are the nave, the chantry chapels round the 
 choir, and the crypt, or undercroft, which are sup- 
 
 VOL. I. R 
 
242 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 posed to have belonged to the abbey-churchy 
 founded by Aldred, Bishop of Worcester, a few- 
 years prior to the Norman Conquest. The roof 
 of the nave was finished in 1248, between which 
 period and 1518, the transepts, cloisters, the 
 chapel of Our Lady and the central tower were 
 erected. A classically correct and appropriate 
 screen, separating the nave from the choir, was 
 erected in 1820, displacing one of a different cha- 
 racter. 
 
 . Among the many tombs deserving of notice may 
 be mentioned that of Osric, King of Northumber- 
 land, Robert Duke of Normandy, son of William 
 the Conqueror, Edward II., etc. As an inland 
 port, Gloucester had attained some eminence at an 
 early period. At present, it carries on an exten- 
 sive coasting trade, which is greatly facilitated by 
 the advantages afforded by the river Severn, for 
 keeping up a communication with Bristol and the 
 coasts of Somersetshire, Devonshire, and South 
 Wales. Many vessels are also employed in the 
 coal trade. 
 
 Gloucester is governed by a corporation, who 
 transact the municipal affairs of the city at a build- 
 ing called the Tolsey. 
 
 To the east of the city a new mineral spring was 
 discovered in 1814, round which an extensive 
 tract of land has been tastefully laid out in plea- 
 sure grounds, and an elegant pump-room has been 
 -^erected, with other buildings for the accommoda- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 243 
 
 tion of visitors. Triennial musical festivals of the 
 united choirs of Gloucester, Worcester, and Here- 
 ford, are celebrated here, at which oratorios and se- 
 lections of sacred music are performed in the cathe- 
 dral, and miscellaneous concerts and balls are held in 
 the spacious room at the Shire-Hall. The theatre, 
 a neat and conveniently arranged edifice inWestgate 
 Street, is occasionally opened for dramatic per- 
 formances. 
 
 The races take place in a meadow, on the banks 
 of the Severn, the course being an oblong of about 
 a mile and a half, with a straight run in of 400 
 yards. 
 
 It is to be lamented that the inhabitants of this 
 fine old city should allow the attraction of their 
 races to diminish so rapidly ; for we find, that while 
 in 1837, these races lasted two days, and that in 
 addition to the members' plate of £50, five stakes 
 were run for, in 1838, only two small stakes were 
 given, in the single day's racing. Having shown 
 the resources of this prosperous city at some 
 length, it must appear evident that its inhabi- 
 tants have only to use a little exertion, to raise 
 their races to the first class among country meet- 
 ings. 
 
 HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Bibury Club Meeting. — The first public men- 
 it 2 
 
244 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tion of these races occurs in the Racing Calendar 
 for 1801 ; before which time, they had been con- 
 sidered strictly private, and only attended by the 
 members of the Bibury Club and their friends. 
 According to this notice, the horses were all the 
 property of, and rode by, members of the club, 
 no others being allowed ; and the weights for this 
 purpose were never under lOst. In 1801, these 
 races were run over the Burford course ; from 
 this, they were removed to Cheltenham, and in 
 1831, to Stockb ridge, in Hampshire. As the rage 
 among gentlemen for riding races began to die 
 away, and lighter weights became the order of 
 the day, the regular jockies were introduced at 
 these races, but there are still several stakes left, 
 exclusively for gentlemen riders. 
 
 The races of the Bibury Club are held about 
 the commencement of July, a week after the 
 Bath races, and the following is a list of the 
 stakes. 
 
 First day. — The Bibury Stakes of 25 sovs. 
 
 4 
 
 each, 10 ft., and only 5 if declared by a time to be 
 fixed when the handicap is pubUshed ; with 50 
 added by the club ; two miles. 
 
 The Champagne Stakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft. ; 
 for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, Bst. 
 41b. ; T. Y. C. The winner to give three dozen 
 of Champagne to the club, and £50 to be added 
 by the club if three horses start. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 245 
 
 Produce Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; 
 last mile. 
 
 Second day. — The Cup Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 
 with 100 added by the club, if three horses start ; 
 last mile and a half. • . 
 
 The Andover Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 50 
 added, for all ages ; last mile. 
 
 The subscription to close on the Tuesday after 
 Epsom ; the horses to be named by Mr. Weather- 
 by, the evening before running, and handicapped 
 the same evening. 
 
 The Racing Stakes of 25 sovs. each, with £50 
 added by the club ; a mile and a half. 
 
 Besides the above, 100 sovs. are given in 
 addition to the stakes, which is always advertised 
 in due time. 
 
 SOUTHAMPTON. 
 
 This town is a county of itself, under the desig- 
 nation of the town and county of Southampton. 
 It is situated in the county of Hants, 75 miles from 
 London, and contains nearly 14,000 inhabitants. 
 The town is pleasantly situated on the Southamp- 
 ton water, which is a large inlet of the sea. An 
 annual regatta takes place here during the summer, 
 in which prizes, given by subscription, are contended 
 for on the Southampton river. Among its places 
 of amusement may be numbered, besides the thea- 
 
246 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tre, a subscription bowling green, botanic gardens, 
 two sets of assembly rooms, libraries and reading 
 rooms, &c. 
 
 Races are held annually about the beginning of 
 August, and continue two days ; the course, 
 which is well adapted to the purpose, is situated 
 on Southampton common, and was given by the 
 corporation. The principal stakes run for, 
 are, the Southampton stakes of 20 sovs. each, 
 h. ft. and only 5 if declared, &c., with £50 added 
 from the fund ; the owner of the second horse to 
 receive back his stake ; and two plates of £50 each, 
 given by the members for the southern division of 
 the county, and the members for the town, the for- 
 mer being added to a sweepstakes of 10 sovs. and 
 the latter 5 sovs. 
 
 Stockbridge, a small town situated on the 
 Great Western Road from London to Exeter ; 18 
 miles from Southampton, and 66 from London. 
 
 The race course was formerly on Houghton 
 Down, about 2 miles west of the town, but a new 
 one has been formed, immediately adjoining it, in 
 the parishes of Wallop and Longstock, under Dam- 
 burg Hill, on which stands an old Roman camp, 
 from the area and entrenchment of which the 
 whole of it may be seen. A stand has been erected 
 and is also used by the members of the Bibury 
 Racing Club, which has been removed here from 
 Gloucestershire. The races here take place about 
 
BRITISH TURF. 247 
 
 the commencement of July, and continue two days, 
 the principal stakes being : 
 
 First day. — The Produce Stakes of 50 so vs. each, 
 h. ft. for three years old colts, 8st. 71b., fillies, 8st. 
 41b., untried stallions and mares, allowed 31b. 1 
 mile and a ^. 
 
 . Second day. — A Sweepstake of 50sovs. each, h. 
 ft. two yrs. old colts, 8st. 91b., and Fillies, 8st. 61b. 
 T. Y. C. 
 
 Winchester. — One of the most ancient cities in 
 this kingdom, and the capital of the county. It is 
 situated on the river Itchen, which is navigable to 
 Southampton, and is 63 miles, (S. W. byW.) from 
 London, containing in 1831 nearly 8000 inhabitants. 
 It is celebrated for its cathedral, which is one of 
 the most ancient and magnificent buildings of the 
 kind in this country, and well worthy of the atten- 
 tion of visitors. Winchester contains a theatre, 
 (in Goal St.) which is open during the race week, 
 a public subscription library, St. John's assembly 
 rooms, hot, cold and vapour baths, &c. The races, 
 which take place about the middle of July, are run 
 for on Worthy Down, about 4 miles from the city, 
 on the Oxford Road, and continue two days, The 
 principal stakes are : — 
 
 First day. — The Produce Stakes, of 50 sovs. each, 
 h. ft. for three yrs. old, the new mile. The Hamp- 
 shire Stakes of 25 sovs, each, 15ft. with 50 added; 
 2 miles and a distance. Hunters' Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 
248 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 each, h. ft. with 30 added, to be ridden by mem- 
 bers of a Racing or Fox hunting Club ; one mile 
 and a half. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 added by 
 the county members, the new mile. The Queen's 
 Plate of 100 gs. 
 
 Second day. — The Winter Stakes of 30 sovs. 
 each, 20 ft., T. Y. C. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each : the winner to be 
 sold for 120 sovs., &c. 
 
 The City Members' Plate, of 50 sovs., for any 
 horse, that did not win the Queen's Plate that 
 year, 2 mile heats. 
 
 A Forced Handicap of 5 sovs. each, with 25 
 added by the county members ; last three quarters 
 of a mile. 
 
 HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Hereford. — The capital of the county, situated 
 on the river Wye, 130 miles from London. In 
 1831, the inhabitants amounted to 10,280. This 
 city contains a theatre, which is open during the 
 race week , public libraries, assembly and reading 
 rooms. The course comprises a circuit of two 
 miles. The two days' racing, about the end of 
 August, attracts a numerous and respectable com- 
 pany. The principal stakes run for, are as fol- 
 lows : — 
 
BRITISH TURF. 249 
 
 First day. — The Herefordshire Stakes of 15 bovs, 
 each, 10 ft., but only 5 if declared, &c. ; with 50 
 added, about 2 miles and a distance. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each, with a plate of 50 
 sovs., added by the citizens of Hereford ; heats, 
 once round and a distance. 
 
 The Farmers' Plate, (handicap,) 50 sovs., given 
 by the members for the county. 
 
 The Hunters' Stakes ; gentlemen riders. 
 
 Second day. — The City and County Gold Cup, 
 50 sovs. in specie, added to a Handicap Sweep- 
 stake of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft., and only 5 if declared, 
 &c. Two miles and a half. 
 
 Handicap Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 30 
 added ; heats, about one mile and a half. 
 
 A Hurdle-race, of 5 sovs. each, with 25 ad- 
 ded. 
 
 Kingston, a small town on the River Arrow, 
 150 miles from London. One day's inferior racing 
 at the end of July ; the principal stakes being a 
 Sweepstake of 3 sovs. each, with 50 sovs., and a 
 Farmers' Stake of 2 sovs. each, with 25 
 sovs. added. 
 
 Leominster, on the River Wye, 137 miles 
 from London ; containing about 5,250 inhabitants. 
 The theatre is open during the races, which take 
 place towards the end of August, and continue two 
 days ; during which two plates of £50 are given 
 by the members for the town, and £30 is added 
 
250 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 to the Herefordshire Sweepstake, of 5 sovs. each, 
 by the county members. 
 
 HERTFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Races were formerly held annually at Brocket 
 Hall, the seat of Lord Melbourne, which may be 
 quoted in evidence of the great influence these 
 sports possess over popularity in this country, for 
 it has been generally supposed, that to these races, 
 his Lordship, (then the Hon. Mr. Lambe,) was 
 chiefly indebted for his seat in parliament for the 
 county. 
 
 The races at Barnet (11 miles from London) are 
 not worth mentioning in detail. 
 
 St. Albans, a town of great antiquity, and 
 celebrated as having been the theatre of many re- 
 markable events in the history of this country. It 
 is 22 miles from London, and contains upwards of 
 5,000 inhabitants. Races w^ere got up here at a 
 place called Noman's Land, by Mr. Thomas Cole- 
 man, of the Turf Hotel, and many years connected 
 with the Turf, and to whom the town is indebted 
 for the establishment of the celebrated St. Albans' 
 Steeple Chase, which takes place here annually. 
 Since the establishment of Gorhambury races, 
 this meeting has been given up. 
 
 Gorhambury Park. — This seat of the Earl of Ve- 
 rulam is celebrated from its having been the pro- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 251 
 
 perty and residence of the great Lord Bacon, and 
 others of his family. The Grimston family are de- 
 scended from St. Sylvester, afterwards named De 
 Grimston, a Norman knight, who accompanied the 
 Conqueror to England, and bore his standard at 
 the Battle of Hastings. Sir Harbottle Grimston, a 
 descendant of the above, purchased Gorhambury. 
 He was created a baronet in the reign of James the 
 First. His long life in the public service ended 
 in 1683. 
 
 The mansion is a spacious stone edifice of the 
 Corinthian order, connected with two wings, built 
 of brick, and stuccoed ; it was erected between the 
 years 1778 and 1785, from the designs, and under 
 the direction, of Sir Robert Taylor. The hall, with 
 the library and the other principal apartments, are 
 large, and are decorated wdth a rich collection of 
 portraits, chiefly of the age of Elizabeth and her 
 immediate successors. The park and grounds in- 
 clude about 600 acres, and are well stocked with 
 fine timber, particularly beech, oak, and elm. The 
 scenery is diversified, and is of considerable inte- 
 rest ; it contains a large quantity of fine deer. 
 
 The following are the lengths of the Gorhambury 
 courses. 
 
 The Fir Clump in, is about two miles. 
 The Lime Kiln in, is about one mile and a half. 
 The Cherry Tree Course is a mile and a yard. 
 The T. Y. C. is five furlongs and 136 yards. 
 
252 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Stand Course, starting at the winning post, 
 out and in, is about two miles. 
 
 Owing to the liberality and exertions of the noble 
 founder, these races, which were only established 
 in 1838, are rapidly increasing in importance. 
 In proof of this, we refer to the Gorhambury 
 Stakes, for which in 1838 there were only 16 sub- 
 scribers, while for 1839, we find no less a number, than 
 74. The Gorhambury Meeting takes place in May, in 
 the intervening week between the last Newmarket 
 Spring Meeting, and Epsom. The principal stakes 
 are : — The Gorhambury Stakes, a subscription of 
 25 sovs. each, with 50 added from the fund, 15 ft. 
 but only 5, if declared on or before the Friday in 
 the first Newmarket Spring Meeting ; the winner 
 of the 2,000 gs. stakes, and the winner of the 
 Newmarket Stakes to carry 71b. ; the winner of 
 the 1000 gs. stakes, 51b. extra. To name, and 
 close on or before the Friday in the Newmarket 
 Craven Meeting, to Messrs. Weatherby, London, 
 or Newmarket, or to Mr. Coleman, Turf Hotel, 
 St. Albans' ; the second horse to receive back his 
 stake. Six to start, or no race ; Fir Clump in. 
 
 The Verulam Stakes, a subscription, of 10 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. with 50 added, for three yrs. old, 6st. 
 71b., and four, 1st. 31b. ; the Verulam Course, 
 about three miles. To name and close as for the 
 Gorhambury Stakes. New Produce Stakes are 
 already advertised for the following years. 
 
 Hertford, the chief town of the county, is 
 
BRITISH TURF. 253 
 
 pleasantly situated on the river Lea, 21 miles (N.) 
 from London, and containing about 5,000 inhabi- 
 tants. The races take place in the beginning of 
 August, and occupy two days. The stakes are 
 the Hertfordshire Stakes of 15 sovs. each, &c., 
 with 40 added ; the Ware Plate of 15 sovs. The 
 Manor Stake of 3 sovs. each, with 25 added ; the 
 Cup Stakes with 50 ; the Ladies with 40, and the 
 Tally-ho Stakes, with 25 sovs. added. 
 
 The Hoo. — This seat of the Right Hon. Lord 
 Dacre was purchased by the trustees of the grand- 
 father of the present noble owner, of the Keates, 
 who for several generd,tions held possession of the 
 Manor. The mansion is spacious and built of 
 brick, covered with stucco, and the park is w^ell 
 wooded, and picturesque. The races at this place 
 were commenced in 1 82 1 , by the Hertfordshire 
 Club, and for many years afforded excellent sport 
 to numerous and fashionable visitors ; but of late 
 years they have lost much of their attraction. The 
 races here take place about the end of April, but 
 the one day's racing being now almost entirely 
 Hunters' Stakes, ridden for by gentlemen riders, 
 is of merely local interest. 
 
 Royston, a town partly in the county of Cam- 
 bridge, but chiefly in Hertfordshire, situated in a 
 very bleak open country, 20 miles (N. byE.) from 
 Hertford, and 38 (N.) from London. A house was 
 built here by James L, who made it his occasional 
 residence, for the enjoyment of hunting and hawk- 
 
254 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ing, but it has long since gone to ruin, and but 
 few vestiges of it now remain. 
 
 One day's racing towards the middle of May. 
 The stakes are nearly all for half-bred horses, and 
 of merely local interest. 
 
 HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 
 
 Races are only held at one place in this county, 
 which, however, it must be remembered, is the 
 smallest in England, and the population of its prin- 
 cipal towns is very inconsiderable. 
 
 Huntingdon. — The capital of the county stands 
 on the River Ouse, 64 miles from London by Buck- 
 den, and 59 by Royston. In 1831, its inhabitants 
 amounted to 3,267. This handsome little town 
 contains a small theatre, which is open during the 
 race week, public libraries and reading rooms, 
 baths, and in the town hall, which is a fine modern 
 building, are elegant assembly and ball rooms. 
 Within a quarter of a mile of the town is a luxu- 
 riant meadow, called Portholm, more than 6 miles 
 in. circumference, and preserving one entire and 
 beautiful level, being almost completely surrounded 
 by the River Ouse, which is of considerable breadth, 
 and shaded in its course by lines of stately poplars, 
 and graceful willows. On this extensive plain is 
 one of the finest race-courses in the kingdom, on 
 which the races take place annually, about the com- 
 mencement of August, and last three days. In 
 
BRITISH TURF. 255 
 
 1838, spring races were got up on this course, for 
 the first time, in April, but only Hunters' Stakes 
 were run for. The principal stakes at the August 
 Meeting are: — Cup Stakes of 10 sovs. each, the 
 winner to be sold for 400 sovs. &c. ; 2 mile heats. 
 The Hinchinbrook Plate of £50. ; the Ladies' Plate 
 of £50 ; the winner to be sold for 100 sovs. &c. 
 
 KENT. 
 
 Ashford.— On the river Stowe, 20 miles 
 from Maidstone, and 54 from London, con- 
 taining nearly 3000 inhabitants. Assemblies are 
 held occasionally in the town hall, and there are 
 two subscription libraries in the town. 
 
 One day's racing about the middle of September. 
 The town plate of £50, is the principal stake. 
 
 Canterbury.— This ancient city is the metropo- 
 litan see of all England, and is pleasantly situated 
 on the river Stowe, 55|- miles from London. 
 The chief object of attraction in this city is the 
 magnificent cathedral, which contains the shrine 
 of St. Thomas a Becket. In 1831 , the inhabitants 
 amounted to 14,463. The races here take place 
 towards the end of August, and continue two days. 
 
 Besides several stakes liberally subscribed for 
 by the noblemen and gentlemen of the county, on 
 the second day, her Majesty's plate of 100 sovs. is 
 run for. They are held on Barham Downs, within 
 3 miles of the city. The course, on which there is 
 
256* HISTORY OF THE 
 
 a commodious stand, has been greatly enlarged 
 and improved. The theatre is open during the 
 races, besides which there are balls and other 
 gaieties. 
 
 Rochester and Chatham. — Rochester is an an- 
 cient city and port, 8 and a ^ miles from Maid- 
 stone, and 29 from London, on the Dover road, 
 standing on the river Medway, a handsome stone 
 bridge over which connects this city with Stroud. 
 Rochester contains a small theatre, assembly rooms, 
 libraries, floating baths on the Medway &c., and in 
 its vicinity are extensive and beautiful promenades. 
 It is besides celebrated for its ancient cathedral 
 and castle. 
 
 Chatham is a market town and parish adjoining 
 Rochester, and is famous for its dock-yard and 
 fortifications. These two places together are 
 said to contain nearly 25,000 inhabitants.— The 
 races here take place about the beginning of Sep- 
 tember, and continue two days. In addition to the 
 two plates of £50 each, given by the members 
 for the western division of the county of Kent, 
 and the members for Rochester and Chatham, 
 the officers of the garrison give £50 to be run 
 for. 
 
 Lee. — A small village near Eltham. Races were 
 established at this place in 1830, but as yet they 
 are merely of local interest. 
 
 Tunbridge Wells. — A fashionable watering- 
 place, which owes its importance to its medicinal 
 
BRITISH TURF 257 
 
 springs. It is situated 20 miles (S. W.) from 
 Maidstone, and 36 (S. E. by S.) from London, and in 
 the season contains about 1 0,000 inhabitants. The 
 parade, which is handsome and spacious, is bounded 
 on one side by the assembly rooms, libraries, &c. 
 and on the opposite side is a row of trees, with 
 an orchestra in the midst, where a band usually 
 plays during a portion of each day in the season. 
 This town contains a small theatre, and in fact 
 every luxury and conv^enience usually found in 
 places of this description, which are chiefly fre- 
 quented by the rich. The races here are held 
 about the end of August, and continue two days, 
 being generally well attended. They take place 
 on the common, on which a tolerable course 
 has been found. The principal stakes are two 
 plates of £50 each. 
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 Burnlev. — A market town in the hundred of 
 Blackburn, 25 miles from Manchester, 53 miles 
 from Liverpool, and 210 miles from London. 
 The population of this town ^mounts to about 
 7000. 
 
 Two days' racing takes place here about the 
 middle of August. On the first day, a stake worth 
 £50 is given by the officers of the garrison, and 
 on the second, a gold cup worth 100 sovs. in specie, 
 
 VOL. I. s 
 
258 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 subscribed by the tradesmen of the town, and 
 to which is added a handicap stakes of 20 sovs. 
 each h. ft. with only five if declared, &c. ; In 
 addition to these stakes, nearly £100 more is ge- 
 nerally given, to be run for out of the racing fund. 
 
 Clitheroe. — In the same hundred, on the river 
 Bibble, 30 miles from Manchester, and 283 from 
 London, and containing about 5,600 inhabitants. 
 Races were established here in 1821. Two days very 
 inferior racing towards the end of August. — The 
 course is on Salt Hill moor. 
 
 Heaton Park, near Bolton, the seat of the 
 Right Hon. the Earl of Wilton. — Heaton is in the 
 hundred of Salford, in the parish of Prestrich (4|- 
 miles N. W. by N. from Manchester). The pre- 
 sent mansion was erected after the design and 
 under the direction of Samuel Wyatt, Esq. and 
 is one of the finest seats in the county. The 
 park is about five miles in circumference, enclosed 
 with a wall, and adorned with abundance of fine 
 old timber trees, and plantations. On a high spot 
 of ground is a circular temple, from whence are 
 views over an immense tract of country, bounded 
 by the hills of Yorkshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire and 
 Staffordshire. Owing to the liberahty and atten- 
 tion of the noble owner, this park is now annually 
 the scene of three days' excellent racing, towards 
 the end of September. In addition to the liberal 
 donations of the Earl of Wilton, and the town of 
 
BRITISH TURF. 259 
 
 Bolton, several of the nobility, as well as some 
 spirited tradesmen in the neighbourhood, contri- 
 bute largely to the stakes. 
 
 Lancaster. — This town is pleasantly situated on 
 the southern bank of the river Lune, over which a 
 stone bridge has been erected, connecting the town 
 with the township of Herton. It is 240 miles 
 (N. N. W.) from London, and with the township 
 adjoining the borough, contains nearly 20,000 in- 
 habitants. It contains a theatre, assembly rooms, 
 public libraries, baths, &c. and the environs abound 
 with varied and interesting scenery. — The races 
 take place towards the end of July, and continue 
 two days. On the first day, a £50 plate is given 
 by his Grace the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, 
 and on the second, in addition to her Majesty's 
 plate of 100 sovs. the members' plate of £70. 
 
 Liverpool, a sea-port, borough, and market- 
 town, 53 miles (S. by W.) from Lancaster, and 
 205 (N. W. by N.) from London. This im- 
 portant town, which ranks first after the metro- 
 polis, stands on the river Mersey, on the eastern 
 bank of which river, docks have been constructed, 
 on a scale of almost unparalleled magnitude. 
 This town contains many handsome public build- 
 ings, among which may be mentioned the 
 Custom House, the Exchange, the Town-Hall, &c. 
 The public subscription libraries are numerous and 
 well selected; of these the best are— the Athe- 
 naeum, the Lyceum and the Union. The new 
 
 s 2 
 
260 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 baths, on the west side of St. George's Dock, form 
 a neat range of stone buildings, and in front is a 
 good promenade on the banks of the river. The 
 Botanic gardens, near Edge Hill, occupy about four 
 acres of ground ; strangers are admitted by an 
 order from any of the proprietors. In addition to 
 these places of recreation, Liverpool contains three 
 theatres, a Diorama and a music hall. 
 
 The race course, at Aintree, about 6 miles to 
 north-north-east of the town, is a mile and a |^ in 
 length, and is enclosed by a railing, with a straight 
 run home, of 1,200 yards. The grandstand was 
 erected in 1829: it is four stories high. The 
 ground-floor, beneath which are spacious cellars, 
 contains entrance hall, and vestibules, from which 
 two spacious staircases lead to the principal rooms 
 on the first floor, and to the various rooms for 
 refreshment and promenade during the intervals 
 for running. The principal rooms overlooking the 
 race ground, is ninety-one feet in length, twenty 
 two feet wide, and seventeen feet high, with cir- 
 cular ends, and lighted by fifteen windows. Outside 
 is a balcony extending the whole length of the 
 front and round the ends of the building ; and at 
 the back of the principal room are two with draw- 
 ing rooms, each twenty-eight feet long, and seven- 
 teen feet wide, one for gentlemen, and the other 
 for ladies. Above are two similar rooms ; and the 
 leads, commanding a view of the whole course, 
 and a most beautiful and extensive prospect of the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 261 
 
 surrounding country, are capable of accommo- 
 dating 2000 persons. In addition to this, there 
 are six common stands, capable of accommodating 
 6000 people. Stables for fifty horses, with rooms 
 over them for the grooms, have been built at the 
 upper end of the Union course or training ground. 
 
 We find the first mention of Liverpool in the 
 racing calendar for 1827, when three days' racing 
 took place, but for very inferior stakes. Such 
 however has been the success of this national 
 amusement at this city since that period, that we find 
 at present no less than four meetings take place 
 annually, at which very considerable stakes are 
 run for, and wliich attract vast crowds from the 
 neighbouring large manufacturing towns, as well as 
 from Liverpool itself. All sincere friends of the 
 Turf must rejoice at the progress this amusement 
 has made of late years in the counties of Lanca- 
 shire and Warwickshire. To such an extent indeed 
 has this been the case, that almost as much and 
 as heavy betting takes place at Liverpool, Man- 
 chester, and Birmingham, on the leading events of 
 the Turf, as in London itself. 
 
 At present the following annual meetings are 
 held on the Liverpool race course : — viz. The 
 Craven meeting, about the middle of May, which 
 continues three days ; the July meeting about 
 the middle of July, four days ; another meeting in 
 the middle of October, for stakes ridden for by 
 
262 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 gentlemen riders, one day ; and one of the same 
 kind in November. This was the order of the 
 racing for 1838, and it is to be regretted that 
 these or other fixed days should not be appointed 
 and continued without change ; instead of which, 
 for the present year (1839,) we find all the principal 
 stakes are to be run for at the July and October 
 meetings ; the latter, instead of one day, being in- 
 creased to three. 
 
 The following list of the principal stakes, will at 
 once show the importance of the Liverpool meet- 
 ings. 
 
 LIVERPOOL (JULY MEETING.) 
 
 First day. — The Croxteth stakes of 15 sovs. 
 each, 10ft. with 30 sovs. added; to name on the 
 day of entry for the plates. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. for 
 the produce of m.ares covered in 1835 ; two 
 miles. 
 
 The Mersey stakes of 25 sovs. each, for two 
 yrs. old colts, and fillies ; T. Y. C. 
 
 Second day. — The Sefton second stakes of 30 
 sovs. each, h. ft. for three yrs. old, fillies 8st. 4 
 lb. ; once round. 
 
 A foal stakes of 100 sovs each, h. ft. once round 
 and a distance. 
 
 Third Day.— The two yrs. old stakes of 30 sovs. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 263 
 
 each, h. ft. with 30 added, if three start ; T. Y. C. 
 colts, 8st. 71b. fillies 8st. 41b. ; extra horses having 
 started twice, and not won, allowed 31b. 
 
 The Hooker stakes, a sweepstakes of 20 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. with 100 added for four yrs. old and 
 upwards ; twice round ; four yrs. old, 8st. 51b. ; 
 five 8st. 121b. six and aged, 9st. 21b ; m. and g. 
 allowed 31b, ; maidens at the time of starting 
 allowed, four yrs. old, 31b. ; six and aged, 81b. a 
 winner in 1839, once 31b ; twice 51bs. extra. 
 
 Fourth day. — The Knowsley dinner of 100 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. for three yrs. old, colts, 8st. 61b. ; and 
 fillies 8st. 21b. ; once round. 
 
 The Grosvenor stakes of 15 sovs. each, 5 ft. 
 with 50 added for three years old, 1 7st. 41b. ; and 
 four, 8 St. 101b. f. and g. allowed 31b. ; four yrs. 
 old, being maiden at the time of nomination, al- 
 lowed 31b. ; the winner of the St. Leger, to carry 
 31b. extra ; one mile and three quarters. 
 
 The Stanley stakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft. with 
 30 added for two yrs. old. 6st. 121b. ; and three 
 9st, 21b. g. allowed 21b. T. Y C. To close and name 
 the 1st. of March. 
 
 LIVERPOOL AUTUMN MEETING. 
 
 (The first week after Doncaster meeting.) 1st. 
 day. — The Trial stakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft. for 
 all ages ; three yrs. old, 8st. four, 8st. 121b. ; ^ve 
 9st. 31b. ; six, and aged 9st. 51b. ; m. and g. al- 
 
264 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 lowed 21b. one mile, and a quarter. — To close 
 and name, on Monday in the race -week. 
 
 The Eglinton stakes of 50 so vs. each, h. ft. for two 
 yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. and fillies 8st. 51b. ; T. Y. C. 
 the winner of the July, or Chesterfield stakes at 
 Newmarket, or the Champagne, or two yrs. old 
 stakes at Doncaster, to carry 51b. of any other two 
 yrs. old stakes, 31b. extra ; of more than one, 21b. 
 extra for each winning after the first ; but none to 
 carry more than 71b. extra; horses &c., having 
 started, and not been placed, at Liverpool July, 
 Goodwood or Doncaster allowed 31b. having start- 
 ed twice, and not won, allowed 51b. in Scotland or 
 Ireland, having started once, and not won, allowed 
 51b. twdce 71b. ; allowances to be deducted from 
 extra weights, if carried. 
 
 The Palatine stakes, a handicap sweepstakes of 
 25 sovs. each, 10ft. with 200 in specie added, 
 for all ages two miles. Weights to be declared on 
 Saturday after Doncaster races. 
 
 The St. Leger Stakes of 25 sovs. each, with 50 
 sovs. added for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. ; and 
 fillies, 8st. 51b. one mile and three quarters ; the 
 winners of the Derby or Doncaster St. Leger, to 
 carry 121b. extra ; second for either, or winner of 
 the oaks, or of the drawing room stakes, or cup at 
 Goodwood, or cup or Gascoigne stakes at Doncas- 
 ter 71b. extra; maidens allcwed 41b. and horses 
 having started^ and never been placed, allowed 71b. 
 
 The selling stakes of 10 sovs. each; h. ft. with 
 
BRITISH TURF. 265 
 
 50 sovs. added ; heats one mile and a half. The 
 winner to be sold for 200 sovs. 
 
 To close and name on the Monday before the 
 races. 
 
 Second day. — The Wilton stakes of 30 sovs. 
 each, 20 ft. with 50 sovs. added ; two yrs. old, 7st. 
 41b. ; three, 9st. 41b. ; f. allowed 21b. ; maiden 
 three yrs. old, at starting 41b. ; T. Y. C. 
 
 The steward's cup, value 200 sovs. the rest in 
 specie, by subscriptions of 20 sovs. each, with 100 
 sovs. added ; two miles and a half; three years old 
 7st. four, 8st. 71b. five, 8st. 131b. six and aged 
 9st. 21b. m. and g. allowed 41b. the winner of 
 the Derby, the Goodwood cup, the Doncaster St. 
 Leger or cup in 1839, to carry 71b. extra; the 
 second horse for the Derby or St. Leger, 1839, 
 the winner of the Ascot cup, 1839, of the Oaks, 
 1839, or the Derby or St. Leger in any year, 51b. 
 extra ; of any weight for age, cup in 1839, 31b. 
 extra ; extra weights to be accumulative, but no 
 horse to carry more than 121b. extra ; no horse 
 liable to extra weight to be entitled to claim allow- 
 ances ; but except as above, maiden four years 
 old (except such as had been placed in the Derby 
 or St. Leger, 1838) allowed 71b. maiden five 10 
 lb. and maiden six and aged, 1 41b. horses having 
 run in Scotland or Ireland after the 1st of July, 
 1839, and not receiving other allowance, to be 
 allowed 71b. If twenty subscribers, the second 
 horse to receive £50 out of the stakes. 
 
266 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 To close and name on the Saturday in the Liver- 
 pool July meeting. 
 
 A handicap stakes of 10 sovs. each for three 
 years old ; gentlemen riders, one mile. 
 
 The Armskirk purse of £50, added to a subscrip- 
 tion of 15 sovs. each, 5ft. three years old, 7st. 
 21b. four, 8st. 21b. five, 8st. 71b. six and aged, 
 8st. 111b. m. and g. allowed 31b. once round. 
 
 The selling handicap of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. the 
 winner to be sold for 100 sovs. heats, T. Y. C. 
 Gentlemen riders. 
 
 Third day, the Knowsley stakes of 30 sov. each, 
 h. ft., with 50 added, for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 
 71b. and fillies 8st. 41b. one mile ; the winner of 
 the Eglinton stakes to carry 51b extra. 
 
 The Heaton Park stakes, a sweepstakes of 20 
 sovs. each, 10 ft. and only 5 if declared on or be- 
 fore the 1st of Sept. wdth 100 added ; once round 
 and a distance. 
 
 To close and name in the July meeting week. 
 
 A free handicap of 25 sovs. each, 10. ft. for all 
 ages, except three years old ; one mile. The win- 
 ner of the stewards' cup to carry 71b extra. Gen- 
 tlemen riders. 
 
 A handicap of 20 sovs. each, h. ft. with 20 ad- 
 ded for the beaten horses of Wednesday and 
 Thursday ; once round and a distance. 
 
 The Option stakes of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft. with 30 
 added ; heats, one mile and a quarter ; three yrs. 
 old 7st, 21b. four, 8st. 21b. five, 8st. 91b. six, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 26^ 
 
 and aged, 8st. 121b. the winner to be sold for 
 £150 if demanded, with the option of not being 
 sold for less than £200, £250, or £300, carrying 
 if for £200 5lb. for 250, 101b. and for £300, 141b. 
 extra. 
 
 To close, name, and declare the option by six 
 o'clock on the Monday evening. 
 
 To name for the above stakes to Mr. William 
 Lynn, Liverpool ; Mr. John Etty, Manchester ; or 
 Messrs. Weatherby of London. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Lynn, Waterloo Hotel, Liverpool, 
 Secretary. 
 
 Mr. John Etty, Manchester, Clerk of the 
 Course. 
 
 Manchester. — A large manufacturing and mar- 
 ket-town, thirty-six miles (E. by N.) from Liver- 
 pool (but only thirty-one by the railroad). 54 
 (S.E.by S.) from Leicester, and 186 (N. W.by N.) 
 from London, and contains nearly 190,000 inha- 
 bitants. Its staple trade is the cotton manufac- 
 ture, which, in all its various branches, is carried 
 on to an extent almost incredible, and formes a vast 
 source of wealth to its inhabitants. Some of the 
 public buildings are extremely elegant, and literary 
 and other institutions, theatres, libraries, assem- 
 bly and concert rooms, and in fact every luxury 
 and convenience usually met with in enlightened 
 and wealthy communities, abound. 
 
268 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The rail-road which connects this important 
 town with the port of Liverpool, has been too often 
 described to require further notice here. 
 
 The races, which were established in 1730, take 
 place towards the end of May, and continue four 
 days. Another meeting has been lately got up in 
 August. 
 
 The course, which is enclosed with railings, and 
 carefully secured against accidents, is on Kensal 
 Moor, and about one mile in circumference, 
 with a hill and a fine run in ; a grand stand and 
 numerous buildings have been erected on various 
 parts of it, for the accommodation of the specta- 
 tors. 
 
 First Day of the spring meeting. The Welton 
 stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 25 added ; one 
 mile and a quarter. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft. with 20 
 added, for three years old filUes, 8st. 31b. one 
 mile and a quarter. 
 
 A free handicap stakes of JO sovs. each, with 
 30 added, for four yrs. old ; one mile and a quar- 
 ter. 
 
 Second day. Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, with 
 40 added ; about three quarters of a mile. 
 
 The St. Leger stakes of 25 sovs. each, with 50 
 added, for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 61b. and fil- 
 lies, 8st. 31b. one mile and three quarters ; the 
 owner of the second horse to receive back his 
 stake. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 269 
 
 Third Day. One hundred sovereigns given by 
 the owners of the race course, added to a subscrip- 
 tion of 10 sovs. each, for three yrs. old, 6st. 31b. 
 four, 8st. 21b. five, 8st. 101b. six and aged, 9st. ; 
 maiden four yrs. old and upwards, at starting 
 allowed 61b. ; winners of one cup or stakes of the 
 value of 100 sovs. previous to starting to carry 31b. 
 if two or more 61b. extra ; two miles and a dis- 
 tance ; the owner of the second horse to receive 
 back his stake. Three to start or the 100 sovs. 
 will not be given. 
 
 Fourth day. The Broughton stakes of 15 sovs. 
 each, 5 ft. with 25 added ; for three yrs. old, 
 6st. 61b. and four, 8st. 61b. f. and g. allowed 
 31b. and maidens at the time of naming, allowed 
 31b. ; the winner of the St. Leger in that week to 
 carry 31b. extra ; St. Leger course. 
 
 A handicap stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 30 added; 
 one mile and a quarter, ^ve subscribers or no 
 race. The horses, &c. to be named to the clerk 
 of the races by five o'clock the day before^ranning ; 
 and the weights to be declared by nine o'clock 
 that night. 
 
 Fifth day. A hurdle sweepstakes of 5 sovs. 
 each, with 40 added ; four yrs. old, lOst. 51b. 
 five, list, six, list. 61b. and aged list. 81b. 
 winner of any stakes, to carry 51b. twice or more, 
 71b. extra ; thorough-bred horses 51b. extra ; the 
 hurdles to be four feet high, and to have three 
 leaps in each round ; heats twice round. 
 
270 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Merton. — A chaplery in the parish of Manches- 
 ter, two miles from Poulton, and about six from 
 St. Helens, through which place runs the road 
 from Liverpool to the race course. The course, 
 which is triangular and one mile in circumference, 
 is on a rough and rugged common several miles 
 from the town. The accommodations afforded by 
 the stand are excellent, and owing to the vicinity 
 of these races to the large manufacturing towns 
 they are generally well and numerously attended. 
 They take place about the beginning of June, and 
 continue two days. 
 
 On the first day, the trial stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, with 25 added ; three yrs. old, 6st. 71b. 
 four, 8st. 41b. five, 8st. 121b. six, and aged 
 9st. 21b. one mile and a quarter. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft. with 20 
 added ; for three yrs. old fillies, 8st. 31b. one 
 mile, and a quarter. 
 
 A Produce sweepstakes (reduced to a match) of 
 50 sovs, each, h. ft. one mile and a half. 
 
 Second Day. The St. Leger stakes of 25 sovs. 
 each, with 25 added ; for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 
 61b. and fillies, 8st. 21b. one mile and three quar- 
 ters ; the owner of the second horse to have his 
 stake returned. 
 
 The Golborn stakes of 20 sovs. each, for two 
 yrs. old colts ; 8st. 51b. and fillies, 8st. 21b. the 
 Golborne course. 
 
 John Etty, of Manchester, clerk. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 2? I 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 Croxton Park. Races are held here in the be- 
 ginning of April, but the stakes are all ridden for 
 by gentlemen riders, to whose amusement this 
 meeting is exclusively devoted. 
 
 Leicester. — The capital of the county is plea- 
 santly situated on the river Soar, 97 miles (N. N. 
 W.) from London. The theatre, a neat building, 
 is open during the races ; and assemblies are held, 
 in a suite of rooms in a building originally designed 
 for an hotel, and purchased by the county for the 
 accommodation also of the judges of the assize : 
 the ball-room, seventy-five feet long, and thirty- 
 five wide, is elegantly painted by Reinagle, and 
 lighted on assembly nights by eight splendid lus- 
 tres, and branches held by statues, after designs 
 by Bacon. Races take place here in September, 
 generally about a week after Warwick meeting, and 
 continue two days, being held south east of the town, 
 where a grand stand has been erected, and every 
 means adopted to improve the course and keep it 
 in proper order. Several valuable stakes are run 
 for, among which is the gold cup of 100 so vs. 
 value, the surplus in specie, by subscription of 10 
 sovs. each ; and on the second day her majesty's 
 plate of 100 sovs. 
 
272 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 Lincoln. — The chief town of the county, is 
 situated on the river Witham, 132 miles (N. by 
 W.) from London, and contains 10,367 inhabitants. 
 This town contains a theatre (open during the 
 races) public libraries, assembly rooms, &c. The 
 races take place at the end of September, and con- 
 tinue two days. A handsome stand has been 
 erected on the course. On the first day her ma- 
 jesty's plate of 100 so vs. is run for and on the 
 second, a gold cup by subscribers of lOsovs. each, 
 &c. &c. and a purse of 70 sovs. raised by public 
 subscription. 
 
 Stamford. — On the river Welland, forty-six miles 
 from Lincoln and eighty-nine from London, and 
 containing about 5.. 500 inhabitants. It contains a 
 theatre, assembly rooms, libraries, &c. The races 
 take place about the middle of June and continue 
 three days. The course which is a mile in circum- 
 ference and kept in good order, is on Wittor- 
 ing heath near the town. On the first day a £50 
 plate is given by the Marquis of Exeter ; on the 
 second a gold cup of 100 sovs. value, by subscrip- 
 tion of 10 sovs. each, forms the prominent feature 
 of the day, and on the third, a plate of £50 
 raised by public subscription. 
 
BRITISH TURF 273 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Dove House Meeting, held near Harrow-on-the- 
 Hill. We find this Meeting mentioned in the 
 Racing Calendar for 1836, for the first time, 
 Enfield and Pinner races being discontinued. This 
 meeting is held in the middle of August, and 
 judging from last year's sport, bids fair to attain 
 permanent success. 
 
 Hampton, situated on the north bank of the 
 Thames, 12 miles from London. This place is 
 celebrated for the royal palace of Hampton Court, 
 its gardens, and Bushy Park, which adjoins it. 
 It is also much frequented by pleasure parties to 
 enjoy fishing in the Thames, in punts let out for 
 the purpose. The races take place soon after 
 the middle of June, on Moulsey Hurst, adjoining 
 the river, and are always both numerously and 
 fashionably attended. They continue three days, 
 when the following stakes are run for. 
 
 The London and Southampton Railway Stakes of 
 5 sovs. each, with 50 added by some of the direc- 
 tors and proprietors of the Railway company. 
 
 The Strawberry Hill Stakes of 5 sovs. each, 
 with 25 sovs. added. 
 
 The Ofiicers' Plate of 25 sovs. added to a sweep- 
 stakes of 5 sovs. each ; to be ridden by officers or 
 members of a racing or fox-hunting club. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of lOOgs. 
 
 VOL. I. T 
 
274 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Hurst Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 50 added. 
 
 The Hampton Court Stakes of 5 sovs. each, 
 with 35 added. 
 
 Third day. The Opening Stakes of 5 sovs. 
 each, with 30 added. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each, with 40 added. 
 
 The Hippodrome Race-course, Bayswater, near 
 Kensington Gardens. — This vast estabUshment, 
 which may, with justice, be called the Metropo- 
 litan Race Course, was opened to the public by 
 its founder, Mr. John Whyte, on the 3rd of June, 
 1837. Notwithstanding the popularity the races 
 here immediately acquired, and the patronage they 
 met with among our first nobility, Mr. Whyte did 
 not at first meet with that success which his public- 
 spirited and liberal outlay so fairly entitled him 
 to. This was owing to a few of the lower trades- 
 men of Kensington, led on by some fanatical 
 opponents of all public amusements, laying claim 
 to a footpath, (till then quite unfrequented) which 
 intersected the new course. 
 
 Finding it impossible to carry on his establish- 
 ment with order and propriety so long as the 
 lowest dregs of society from Kensington and its 
 vicinity could enter by this path, the proprietor 
 was compelled to entirely re-model it. This is 
 now effected, and the footpath, which intersected 
 the old ground, now runs at the outside of the 
 park. These extensive grounds are entirely sur- 
 rounded by a high close paling, so that none can 
 
BRITISH TURF. 275 
 
 enter without paying at the gates. Besides racing, 
 training, and leaping, they afford ample space and 
 every facility for cricket, archery, and other good 
 old English sports. 
 
 The racing is under the immediate direction of 
 a committee of noblemen and gentlemen, of known 
 influence and character in the sporting circles ; 
 and when produce stakes shall have been es- 
 tablished, and this race-course becomes better 
 known, we have no doubt but that it will form an 
 important feature among London amusements, 
 and a most profitable concern to its proprietor. 
 
 The following are the terms on which this 
 establishment is now open to the public. 
 
 TERMS 
 
 Foa 
 
 SUBSCRIBERS AND VISITORS 
 
 ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 A Gentleman on Horseback, and Groom, on all days, 
 with privilege for Two Ladies of his Family, entrance 
 for one 4-wheeled Carriage 5 5 
 
 A Gentleman on Horseback, on all days, with privilege 
 for one Lady of his Family, and entrance for one 2- 
 wheeled Carriage ... 3 3 
 
 A person on foot, all days 10 6 
 
 T 2 
 
276 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ENTRANCE ON PUBLIC DAYS. 
 
 4-wheeled Carriage 5 
 
 2-wheeled Carriage 3 
 
 Person on horseback 2 6 
 
 Ditto on Foot 1 
 
 ENTRANCE ON ALL DAYS, BUT PUBLIC DAYS. 
 
 4-\vlieeled Carriage 2 
 
 2-wheeled Carriage. 1 6 
 
 Person on Horseback from 1st May to 1st September. ... 006 
 
 Ditto ditto from 1st September to 1st May 1 
 
 Person on Foot 3 
 
 N.B. The above Subscriptions and Payments admit to all but 
 the SaddHng Paddock, the Courses, and such Stands and En- 
 closures thereof as have been or may be erected, and subject to 
 the Rules and Regulations of the Estabhshraent. 
 
 TERMS 
 
 FOR 
 
 THE USE OF THE RACE COURSE, &c. 
 
 Use of Race Course for a Race, on private days 3 
 
 Ditto ditto, if a match only 2 
 
 Ditto Steeple Chase Course for a Race, on private days 3 
 
 Ditto ditto, if a Match only 2 
 
 Race Horse in Training for use of exercise ground, per 
 
 week, or less, to be paid in advance 
 
 Permission to try a Horse for any purpose 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
BRITISH TURF. 277 
 
 N.B. No charge is made for the use of the Ground for either a 
 Race or Match run on a Public Day, provided that 48 hours' no- 
 tice before it is run be given at the Hippodrome Ground. 
 
 Twenty-four hours' notice must be given at the Hippodrome 
 Ground of either Course being required for a Race or Match, on 
 a private day, and none such can be run without the Jockeys or 
 Riders being dressed in Jackets, and Caps, &c., and the Horses 
 plated. 
 
 Neither Subscribers, nor Visitors, nor their Grooms, can on any 
 account be permitted to use either the Race Course or Steeple 
 Chase Course for riding exercise, as both courses are kept in 
 order for Racing and Training only. 
 
 Subscribers of Five Guineas have the privilege of sending a Groom 
 with Two Horses for walking exercise, between the hours of Six 
 and Nine in the Morning, whenever the Ground is available for 
 that purpose. 
 
 MONMOUTHSHIRE. 
 
 Monmouth, the chief town of the county, 
 is 130 miles W. N. W. from London. It is beau- 
 tifully situated on the banks of the river Wye, 
 near its junction with the Mownow. The races 
 which take place about the middle of October, 
 and continue two days, are held on Chippenham 
 meadow, an extensive plot of ground on the bank 
 of the Wye, and which also forms the prome- 
 nade of the town. 
 
 About £100, raised by subscription, is given 
 awav in stakes. 
 
 Pontipool. — This town is situated on a declivity, 
 between the river Avon and the canal to Newport, 
 
278 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 20 miles from Monmouth, and 146 from London. 
 The races take place about the commencement 
 of August and last two days. 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 • 
 
 Yarmouth. — A sea port, borough, and market 
 town, at the mouth of the river Yare, which here 
 falls into the ocean ; 23 miles from Norwich, and 
 123 (N.E.) from London, and containing about 
 18,680inhabitants. The theatre, an elegant and com- 
 modious building, was erected in 1778, and is open 
 during the summer months, in addition to which, 
 there are many other places of amusement. 
 Adjoining the bathing-houses on the beach, is a 
 pubUc room, where balls and concerts occasionally 
 take place. 
 
 The races, which take place towards the middle of 
 September and last two days, are held on the 
 Deves, a fine down south of the town, and where 
 an excellent course has been formed. On the first 
 day, the Gold Cup Stakes of 10 so vs. each, with 20 
 added, &c., and a Plate of £50, given by the mem- 
 bers for the town, are run for; and on the second day, 
 a Plate of £50 raised by subscription among the 
 neighbouring gentry, and a Handicap Stake of 3 
 sovs. each, with £30 added by the tradesmen of the 
 town. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 279 
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 Nottingham. — The chief town of the county, 
 stands on the river Trent, 124 miles (N.N.W.) from 
 London, and contains 40,415 inhabitants. It con- 
 tains a theatre, assembly rooms, a public subscrip- 
 tion library and news rooms, a mechanic's institu- 
 tion, &c. The races take place about the middle of 
 October, and last three days ; the race course is situ- 
 ated to the north-east of the town, and is one of 
 the finest and most ancient in the kingdom. It is 
 one mile two furlongs and eleven yards in circumfe- 
 rence. The grand stand, a handsome brick building, 
 was erected by subscription in 1777. Besides Her 
 Majesty's Plate of lOOgs., a Plate of £60, is given 
 by the county members, and another of £50, by 
 the members of the town ; a Subscription Cup, 
 value 100 sovs. &c., is also run for. 
 
 NORTHA M PTON SHIRE. 
 
 Northampton, the chief town of the county, 
 on the river Neu, 30 miles (S. E.) from Coventry, 
 and 66 (N. W.) from London. 
 
 It contains a theatre (open during the races,) 
 assembly rooms, public baths, and libraries. 
 
 The course is oval, one mile and a half and 
 
280 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 eighty-two yards round, with a strong hill about half- 
 way from home ; the run in is a straight half 
 mile. 
 
 The races take place about the end of August, 
 and continue two days. 
 
 In addition to Her Majesty's Plate of lOOgs. and 
 the Town Members' Plate of £50, about £100 raised 
 by subscription is added to the different stakes. 
 
 The Pytchley Hunt Meeting is held on the 
 Northampton race-course about the end of March. 
 
 The Tally-ho Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft. ; 
 for horses not thorough-bred ; two miles ; gentle- 
 men riders ; the winner to pay 2 sovs. to the 
 clerk of the course, and to subscribe to the stakes 
 in 1840. One sov. entrance, including scales 
 and weights. 
 
 A Trial Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with £50 
 added (£25 by the town and £25 from the fund) ; 
 for horses of all ages ; one mile and a quarter. The 
 winner to pay 3 sovs. to the clerk of the course, 
 and to subscribe to the stakes in 1840. Each person 
 naming or entering a horse for this race to pay lOs, 
 for scales and weights. Three horses to start, or 
 the public money will be withheld. 
 
 An Open Stakes of 10 sovs. each, free for any 
 horse, with 25 added from the fund ; once round 
 and a distance. The winner to be sold for 150 
 sovs. if demanded in the usual way. Three horses 
 to start, or the 25 sovs. will not be added ; 
 
BRITISH TURF. 2Sl 
 
 gentlemen riders. One sov. entrance, including 
 scales and weights, &c. 
 
 A Hunters' Stakes of 10 sovs. each, for horses 
 of all ages and denominations, lOst. 71b. each, 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. ; half-bred horses allowed 
 71b. ; once round ; the whinner to be sold for 
 40 sovs. Five subscribers, or no race, gentlemen, 
 farmers, or tradesmen riders ; 106*. entrance, in- 
 cluding scales and weights, &c. 
 
 A Farmers' Cup, value 50 sovs., for horses, &c., 
 not thorough -bred, belonging to farmers only, 
 which have been regularly hunted the previous 
 season with the Duke of Grafton's or Lord 
 Chesterfield's hounds, and which have never won 
 up to the day of running — (matches or farmers' 
 plates at these, or the yeomanry cup at the 
 summer races excepted,) — heats, once round and 
 a distance ; four yrs. old, lOst. 101b.; ^ve, list. 
 41b. ; six, list. 121b. and aged, 12st. ; m. and g. 
 allowed 31b. ; a winner of the farmers' plate and 
 yeomanry cup in any preceding year to carry 71b.; 
 horses bred in the country to be allowed 51b. No 
 licensed horse-dealer will be allowed to enter or 
 start a horse in this race. Each person entering 
 or naming a horse for this race, to pay lO^.. en- 
 trance, including scales and weights ; gentlemen 
 or farmers riders. N.B. — Pedigree and qualifi- 
 cation for this race to be produced to the clerk of 
 the races at the time of entrance. 
 
 A Hurdle-race Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, 
 
282 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 with a sum added by the innkeepers, for horses, &c., 
 that have been regularly hunted with any esta- 
 blished pack of hounds in the previous season ; 
 thorough-bred horses to carry 12st. 31b. ; half- 
 bred, list. 71b.; the winner of a hurdle-race at 
 any time to carry 51b. extra ; gentlemen, farmers, 
 or tradesmen riders ; two miles, six leaps. The 
 winner to pay 3 sovs. towards the expences of 
 the hurdles ; IO5. entrance, including scales and 
 weights. 
 
 Rules and regulations as at Newmarket. 
 
 Stakes to be paid by ten o'clock on the morn- 
 ing of the race, to the clerk of the races, or not 
 entitled, though a winner. 
 
 Objections made to any horse, &c., in either of 
 the races, must be in waiting, to the stewards, 
 before starting. 
 
 Mr. T. H. Waters, Clerk of the Races. 
 
 NORTHUMBERLA ND. 
 
 Belford. — 49 miles from Newcastle, and 325^ 
 miles from London. The races were formerly held 
 at Beadnell (a village on the sea- shore, 10|^ miles, 
 E. S. E. from Belford,) but have been removed here. 
 Races of an inferior description take place here in 
 September. The course is about a mile to the 
 south-west of the town, on the site of what is 
 supposed to have been a Danish camp. 
 
 Morpeth. — On the northern bank of the river 
 
BRITISH TURF. 283 
 
 Wansbick, 15 miles from Newcastle, and 289 (N.) 
 from London. The races, which take place in 
 the beginning of September, and continue two 
 days, are held at Cottingwood, immediately north- 
 ward of the town. A plate of £50 is given by the 
 borough member. 
 
 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, an ancient borough, 
 port, and market-town, 276 miles (N. N. W.) 
 from London, and 117 (S. E.) from Edinburgh, 
 containing, including the environs, about 60,000 
 inhabitants. This thriving and wealthy town 
 contains numerous valuable institutions, among 
 which may be named, the Literary and Philosophi- 
 cal Society, the Antiquarian Society, the Botanic 
 and Horticultural Society, &c., &c. The Theatre 
 Royal is a fine building, and capable of accommo- 
 dating 1350 persons ; and there is a circus for 
 equestrian performances. 
 
 The races take place towards the end of June, 
 and occupy four days. The grand stand is a 
 handsome building of stone, erected by subscrip- 
 tion in 1800. 
 
 1st. Day. — The Craven Stakes of 10 sovs. each, 
 with 20 added by the town, for horses, &c., of all 
 ages ; three yrs. old, 7st. ; four, 8st. 21b. ; five, 
 8st. 101b. ; six and aged, 9st. ; m. and g. allowed 
 31b. ; the second horse to save his stake ; one 
 mile. Five subscribers, or no race. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for 
 
284 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 three years old colts, 8st.; 41b. ; fillies, 8st. untried 
 stallions allowed 31b. ; two miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h- ft. ; for two years 
 old colts, 8st. 41b. ; fillies, 8st. ; untried stallions 
 or mares allowed 31b. ; T Y. C. 
 
 2nd Day. — The Tryo Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 
 with 25 added by the town ; for two yrs. old 
 colts, 8st. 41b., and fillies, 8st. ; T. Y. C, three 
 quarters of a mile. 
 
 The St. Leger Stakes of 25 sovs. each, with 
 ^00 added by the town; for three yrs. old colts, 
 8st. 51b., and fillies, 8st. lib. Four subscribers, 
 or no race ; if eight subscribers, the owner of the 
 second horse to save his stake ; St. Leger Course, 
 once round. Jn case of a walk over, the added 
 money will not be given. 
 
 Filley Stakes of 10 sovs. each ; for three yrs. 
 old, 8st. ; one mile. Five subscribers, or no 
 race. 
 
 3rd Day. —The Northumberland Plate of 100 
 sovs., for horses, &c., of all ages, added to a 
 Handicap Sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft., 
 and 5 only if declared before the 25th day of March 
 to the clerk of the course at Newcastle or York. 
 To close and name on the 1st of March, and to be 
 handicapped by Mr. Weatherby, of London, or 
 Mr. Etty, of Manchester, by the 14th of March ; 
 the second to save his stake. Four to accept, or 
 no race ; two miles. In case of a walk over, the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 285 
 
 £100 will not be given. The winner to pay 5 gs. 
 to the judge. 
 
 First year of a Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, 
 for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 41b. ; Mies, 8st. ; 
 T. Y. C. ; the second to save his stake. 
 
 The Corporation Plate of 60 gs. given by the 
 corporation of Newcastle, added to a Sweepstakes 
 of 5 sovs. each, for horses, &c., that never won 
 above 100 sovs. at any one time in plate or 
 stakes before the day of naming ; three yrs. old, 
 7st. ; four, 8st. 31b. ; five and upwards, 8st. 101b.; 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. ; the second to receive 
 20 sovs. out of the stakes ; heats, two miles. 
 
 4th Day. — The Coronation Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, with £20 added by the Town, for two yrs. 
 old, 6st. 71b. ; three, 8st. 41b.. ; four, 9st. 71b. ; 
 five and upwards, 9st. 101b. ; m. allowed 31b. ; 
 winners during the week to carry 3lb. extra ; the 
 second to save his stake ; one mile. Ten sub- 
 scribers on or before the J st of March, or no en- 
 gagement, but the horses not to be named till the 
 time and place of entry for the plates. 
 
 A Gold Cup, or Piece of Plate, value £100, by 
 subscriptions of 10 sovs. each, the surplus in 
 specie; three yrs. old, 6st. 101b. ; four, 8st. 21b. ; 
 five, 8st. 101b. ; six and aged, 9st. ; m. and g. 
 allowed 31b. ; two miles. To close and name on 
 the 1st of March. The winner is expected to sub- 
 scribe for the cup of the following year ; the se- 
 
286 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 cond to receive £35 out of a racing-fund ; a winner 
 during the week to carry 41b. extra. 
 
 The Members' Plate of 50 sovs. 
 
 Hunters' Stakes of 5 gs. each. 
 
 The Selling Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 15 
 added, for horses, &c., of all ages; 3 yrs. old, 7st. ; 
 four, 8st. 31b.; five, 8st. 101b.; six and aged, 9st.; 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. ; the winner to be sold for 
 £150, if demanded within half-an-hour after the 
 race; the second to save his stake; one-mile heats. 
 Seven subscribers or no race. 
 
 Tynemouth, 8^ miles from Newcastle, situated 
 on the River Tyne. Two days' inferior racing 
 takes place about the middle of April. 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Bicester, 12|^ miles from Oxford, and 55 from 
 London ; contains 2,544 inhabitants. One day's 
 racing towards the end of September. 
 
 The Town Plate of £50, added to a Sweepstake 
 of 5 sovs. each, &c. &c. 
 
 A Handicap of 3 sovs. each, with 20 added. 
 Hunters' Stakes, &c. 
 
 Oxford. — This city, the capital of the county, is 
 famous for its university ; it stands on the rivers 
 Isis and Cherwell, 55 miles from London, and con- 
 tains by the last census, 16,364 inhabitants. The 
 races take place towards the end of August, and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 28/ 
 
 continue two days. The principal stakes are, the 
 Oxfordshire Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft., and 
 only 5 if declared, &c. ; two miles. To this stake 
 there are generally many subscribers. 
 
 The County Plate of £50. 
 
 Hunters' Stakes of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft., and 25 
 added, &c. 
 
 Second day. — City Members' Plate of £50. 
 
 A free Handicap of 5 sovs. each, with 50 added ; 
 two miles. 
 
 A Handicap Plate of £50 for beaten horses. 
 
 The course is an oval of two miles, all but a dis- 
 tance, and quite flat ; the last half mile, straight. 
 
 SALOP. 
 
 Bishop's Castle, 19 miles from Ludlow, 20|- 
 from Shrewsbury, and 157 from London, and con- 
 taining 1,880 inhabitants. One day's inferior 
 racing about the middle of July. 
 
 Bridgenorth, on the river Severn, 20^ miles 
 from Shrewsbury, and 140 from London, containing 
 4,096 inhabitants. This town contains a theatre, 
 assembly rooms, library, &c. 
 
 The races are held in the beginning of August, 
 and continue two days. The course has become 
 much damaged, from being let out to different 
 tenants during the interval, who divide it by 
 moveable fences. 
 
288 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 First day. — A Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 
 15 added, &c. 
 
 The Patshull Stakes of 10 sovs. each. 
 
 The Members' Plate of £50. 
 
 Second day.— A Gold Cup, in specie, by sub- 
 scription of 10 sovs. each. 
 
 The Members' Plate of £50. The Hunters' 
 Stakes, &c. 
 
 Ludlow. — This town is pleasantly situated on an 
 eminence near the confluence of the rivers Teme 
 and Corve, 29 miles from Shrewsbury, and 140 
 from London, and contains 4,820 inhabitants. It 
 contains a small theatre, which is opened by the 
 Worcester company, during the races ; a public 
 subscription library, and two circulating libraries ; 
 and assemblies are held in a suite of rooms in the 
 market- house. 
 
 The races, which have been established here 
 nearly 50 years, are now held towards the middle 
 of July, and continue two days. Tiie following are 
 the principal stakes : — The Ludford Stakes of 20 
 sovs. each, with 20 added. A Sweepstakes of 15 
 sovs. each, with 30 added. A Plate of £50 given 
 by the members for the borough. The Borough 
 Stakes of 5 sovs. each, wdth 10 added. The Gold 
 Clip, in specie, by subscription of 10 sovs. each, 
 with 20 added. The Free Handicap Sweepstakes 
 of 3 sovs. each, with 20 added. 
 
 Newport, 19 miles from Shrewsbury, and 139 
 
BRITISH TURF. 289 
 
 from London, containing 2,343 inhabitants. Two 
 days' racing at the end of July. The principal 
 stakes are : a Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 
 40 added. The North Shropshire Stakes of 3 sovs. 
 each, with 25 sovs. added. A Free Handicap of 
 3 sovs. each, with 15 sovs. added. A Hurdle 
 sweepstakes, &c. 
 
 Oswestry, IT miles from Shrewsbury, and 
 180 from London, containing 3,910 inhabitants. 
 The races here were established in 1804, and are 
 held towards the end of September, continuing 
 two days. 
 
 First day. — A Cup value 50 sovs. (in specie) the 
 gift of Sir W, W. Wynne, Bart., added to a Handi- 
 cap Stake of 15 sovs. each ; one mile and a half, 
 starting at the winning chair. The Cup will not 
 be given unless three horses start. To close and 
 name the 1st of August. To be handicapped by 
 Mr. Weatherby, on the first of September, and only 
 5 sovs. ft. if declared, either to the clerk of the 
 course or Messrs Weatherby, before the 14th of 
 September. 
 
 The Shropshire Stakes, with 50 added by the 
 innkeepers of Oswestry, of 20 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 and 5 only if declared to the clerk of the 
 course, or Messrs Weatherby, before the 1 4th 
 of June ; the second horse to receive back his 
 stake. To close on the third day of Cliester 
 races, on or before which day the horses to be 
 named as above. To be handicapped by Mr. 
 
 VOL. 1. u 
 
290 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Weatherby, on the 1st of June ; the best of heats ; 
 starting at the winning chair, and running the mile 
 and a half course ; the winner of this stake to sub- 
 scribe £10 to the fund, for the ensuing year. Any 
 person taking a nomination for this stake, and not 
 declaring forfeit by the 14th of June, as above, 
 will have to pay the stake of 20 sovs., or the for- 
 feit, as the case may be ; and no horse will be 
 allowed to start, whose owner, confederate, or 
 trainer, has not paid all former arrears of stakes 
 at these races. If walked over for, the £50 will 
 not be added. 
 
 The North Shropshire County Members' Stakes, 
 of 5 sovs. each ; h. ft., with 50 sovs. added by Sir 
 Roland Hill, Bart., and W. Ormsby Gore Esq., 
 heats one mile and a half. To close and name the 
 same time as the entry for the plates. The 50 
 sovs. not added, if walked over for. 
 
 2nd day. — The Oswestry Stakes of 5 sovs. each, 
 with 30 added from the fund, a mile and a half ; if 
 walked over for, the £30 will not be added. 
 
 A Gold Cup, value 100 sovs. in specie, by a 
 subscription of 10 sovs. each, the winner of any 
 cup of the value of £100, in the same year, pre- 
 vious to the day of running, to carry 31b. extra; 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. Two miles and a quarter ; 
 starting at the turnpike road. Ten subscribers, or 
 no race. No nomination will be received unless 
 the subscription is paid at the time ; the winner to 
 subscribe to the cup for the ensuing year. 
 
 The Handicap Stakes of 5 sovs. each, h. ft. if 
 
BRITISH TURF. 2D1 
 
 declared by nine o'clock, or the morning of run- 
 ning, with £30 added from the fund, if not walked 
 over for ; heats, one mile and a half. To close and 
 name to the clerk of the course, by four o'clock on 
 the evening of the first day's races. To be handi- 
 capped by the Racing Committee, or whoever they 
 may appoint. 
 
 A Sweepstake of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft. for two 
 yrs. old colts ; 8st. 41b., and fillies, 8st. ; the last 
 half mile. To close and name to Messrs Weather- 
 by, or the clerk of the course, on or before the 
 third day of Chester races. 
 
 R. Edwards, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 ShifFnal, 17|^ miles from Shrewsbury, and 1,43 
 from London, containing 1,463 inhabitants. Two 
 days' inferior racing about the end of May. The 
 members of the southern divison of the county 
 usually add a small sum to one of the stakes. 
 
 Shrewsbury, the chief town of the county, is 
 pleasantly situated on two eminences, rising gently 
 from the banks of the Severn, 1 54 miles (N. W.) 
 from London, and contains about 21,000 inhabi- 
 tants. The theatre, which was formerly part of 
 the palace of the princes of Powysland, is open 
 during the races. The public subscription library 
 is well supported, besides which, a mechanic's 
 institution was established in 1825, where lectures 
 are occasionally delivered; assemblies are held 
 monthly during the season, in a suite of rooms ad- 
 
 u2 
 
292 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 mirably adapted for the purpose. The country 
 round Shrewsbury is extremely picturesque. The 
 course is on Bicton Heath, about 2 miles west 
 of the town ; it is rather oval, and one mile 
 and one hundred and eighty five yards in circum- 
 ference, with a straight run in, of nearly half a mile, 
 and a little hill between the last turn and the dis- 
 tance. The races take place about the middle of 
 September, and continue three or four days. 
 
 First day. — The Whitehall Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, with 50 sovs. added by the Race Committee ; 
 a mile and a half. To close and name the 1st. of 
 September. 
 
 The Tankerville Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft. 
 and 5 only if declared on or before the 1st. of Sep- 
 tember, with 25 sovs. added by the Race Com- 
 mittee. To close on the 10th of August, on or 
 before which day the horses are to be named to 
 Messrs. Weatherby, London, or to Mr. Clay, 
 Shrewsbury ; weights to be declared by Messrs. 
 Weatherby, on the 20th of August ; the second 
 horse to save his stake. Three to remain in, or no 
 race"; two miles. 
 
 The St. Leger Stake, of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft. 
 for three yrs. old, colts 8st. 41b, and fillies 8st. 21b. 
 a mile and a quarter. 
 
 The Innkeepers' Purse added to a Sweepstakes of 
 5 sovs. each for all ages; mares and geldings 
 allowed[31b ; heats, a mile and a quarter. To close 
 and name at the time of entry for the plates. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 293 
 
 Second Day. — The Severn Stakes of 20 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. ; the produce of untried mares or 
 stalHons allowed 3lb. ; only one allowance ; a mile 
 and three quarters. 
 
 The Colman Stakes of 25 sovs. each, with 25 
 sovs. added by the Committee ; the produce of un- 
 tried mares or stallions allowed 31b. ; only one 
 allowance ; three quarters of a mile. 
 
 The Gold cup (in specie) by subscription of 10 
 sovs. each ; m. and g. allowed 21b. three miles. 
 The winner to subscribe to the cup for the ensuing 
 year. 
 
 The Shropshire Stakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 with 25 sovs. added by the Race Committee ; 
 two miles. 
 
 The Borough Members' plate, of 60 sovs. : heats, 
 twice round and a distance. To close on the 
 Saturday preceding the races. 
 
 Third Day. — The Cleveland Stakes of 25 sovs. 
 each, 15 ft. with 25 sovs. added by the Race Com- 
 mittee. The winner of the Tankerville or cup to 
 carry 31b. if both, 51b. extra; m. and g. allowed 
 31b. ; two miles. To close and name the 1st of 
 September. 
 
 The Queen's Plate of 100 gs. for all ages ; three 
 miles. To close and name the Saturday preceding 
 the races. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 sovs. ad- 
 ded by the Race Committee, for horses that have run 
 at the last meeting ; heats, once rQund. A 
 
294 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 winner once before running to carry 31b. ; twice, 
 51b. ; thrice or more, 71b. extra. To close and 
 name to Mr. Clay, by eight o'clock, the night 
 before running. 
 
 The County Members' Plate of 60 sovs. the gift 
 of the members for the northern division of the 
 county of Salop ; heats twice round and a distance. 
 To name on the Saturday before the races. 
 
 Where money is given, it will be withheld if 
 walked over for. 
 
 Wem. — This town is situated in a level district, 
 on the northern banks of the river Roden, 1 1 miles 
 from Shrewsbury, and 172 from London, and con- 
 tains nearly 2000 inhabitants. 
 
 Very inferior races about the beginning of Oe- 
 tober„ 
 
 Wenlock. — An ancient town, 12 miles from 
 Shrewsbury and 148 from London, containing 
 2,400 inhabitants. One day's racing towards the 
 end of Julv. 
 
 t 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 Bath. — This ancient and celebrated city is plea- 
 santly situated on the banks of the river Avon, 
 along which its buildings extend more thantwomiles, 
 crowning the summits of that fine range of hills by 
 which it is surrounded. It is twelve miles from 
 Bristol, 19 from Wells, and 106 west from Lon- 
 don, and contains nearly 40,000 inhabitants. This 
 
BRITISH TURl". 295 
 
 city has been much frequented, daring a long series 
 of years, by invaUds, who seek the benefit of its 
 famous mineral springs. The immense influx of 
 fashionable and wealthy visitors daring what is 
 called the Bath season, changes this city, at that 
 period, into one continued scene of gaiety and lux- 
 ury. Among the principal public places devoted to 
 fashionable resort and amusement, the following 
 may be enumerated : the grand pump room, the 
 public subscription library, the magnificent assem- 
 bly rooms, the theatre, Sydney Gardens, the Vaux- 
 hall of Bath, the subscription club-house in York 
 Buildings, the Bath and West of England subscrip- 
 tion rooms, &c. besides libraries, billiard rooms, &c. 
 too numerous to mention. The abbey church is one 
 of the purest specimens of the later style of English 
 architecture in this country. 
 
 Two annual racing meetings are held at this 
 city ; a spring meeting about the end of April, 
 which continues two days, and a sammer meeting, 
 about the end of June, both of which are well at- 
 tended. Both are held on Lansdown Downs, 
 where an excellent course has been formed, with 
 every convenience for spectators. The spring 
 meeting is held the week after the Newmarket 
 Craven meeting. 
 
 Ages from the 1st of January. 
 
 The Lansdowne Trial Stakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 
 ft. for horses that never won (matches excepted) ; 
 
296' HfSTOKY OF THE 
 
 m. and g. allowed 31b, ; one mile and a quar- 
 ter. 
 
 The Ladies' silver cup, value 30 sovs., added to 
 a sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, for horses not tho- 
 rough bred ; m. and g. allowed 31b. Horses having 
 won the value of £50 (matches excepted) to carry 
 101b extra ; gentlemen riders. The second horse to 
 save his stake. One mile and a half and a distance. 
 
 The Weston Stakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft. with 
 20 sovs. added, for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b, and 
 fillies, 8st. 41b ; the produce of untried mares or 
 horses allowed 41b. ; the straight half a mile. To 
 close and name on the 1st of February. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each, 5 ft. for horses 
 of all denominations ; thorough bred horses, 71b 
 extra ; the last half mile ; gentlemen riders. 
 
 The Bath Stakes (handicap) of 20 sovs. each h. 
 ft. and only 5, if declared before the 1st of March, 
 with 20 sovs. added ; one mile and a half and a 
 distance. To close and name on or before the 1st. 
 of February, and the weights to be fixed before the 
 20th of the same month. 
 
 The Dyrham Park Handicap Stakes, of 20 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. with 20 sovs. added, for horses of all 
 denominations ; gentlemen riders. To close and 
 name by 9 o'clock in the evening of the first day's 
 race, and the weights to be fixed by the stewards, 
 or whom they may appoint, as soon after as pos- 
 sible. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 297 
 
 The Doddington Park Stakes, of 20 sovs. each, 
 h. ft. for horses not thorough bred ; a winner of 
 the Pillerton Tally-ho or Billesden Coplow before 
 the day of starting, to carry 71b. ; of any two o^^ 
 either twice, lOlb. extra ; two miles ; gentlemen 
 riders. 
 
 The York Stakes, a forced handicap of 5 sovs. 
 each, with 20 added: heats, one mile. To close 
 and name by eight o'clock in the evening of the 
 first day's race. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. for the 
 half-bred three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. fillies and 
 geldings, 8st. 41b., one mile. Three horses to start 
 for each race, or the public money will not be 
 given. 
 
 BATH SUMMER MEETING. 
 
 (A clear week after Ascot.) 
 
 The Somersetshire Stakes, of 25 sovs. each, 15 
 ft. and only 5 if declared on or before the 1st of 
 June, with 50 sovs. added ; the winner to pay 20 
 sovs. to the judge ; the second horse to save his 
 stake. Any person taking a nomination and not 
 declaring forfeit by the 1st of June, as above, will 
 have to pay the 25 sovs. or the forfeit of 15 sovs., 
 as the case may be. To close and name to Mr. 
 Margerum or Mr. Weatherby, on or before the 1st 
 of May, and the weights to be fixed before the 
 20th of the same month ; two miles and a distance. 
 
298 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The original 5 sovs. stakes, with 50 added, for 
 horses that never won £100 at any one time be- 
 fore the day of naming. The wdnner of £100, at 
 any one time previous to the day of starting, to 
 carry 51b. extra ; m. and g. allowed 31b. 
 
 The Dyrham Park Stakes, of 15 sovs. each, 10 
 ft., with 20 added, for horses not thorough-bred ; 
 a winner of the Pillerton Tally-ho, or Billesden 
 Coplow Stakes, to carry 71b. extra ; maiden horses 
 at the time of starting, allowed 71b. ; one mile and 
 a half a d a distance. Gentlemen riders. 
 
 The Kelston Park Stakes, of 30 sovs. each, 15 
 ft. with 20 added ; a winner once, to carry 
 31b., twice, 51b. extra ; the produce of untried 
 horses or mares allowed 41b. ; the straight half 
 mile. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. for three 
 yrs. old ; the produce of untried stallions or mares 
 allowed 31b. of both 5]b., one mile. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 30 sovs. each, 10 ft. for two yrs. 
 old ; those by stallions, or out of mares that 
 never bred a winner, allowed 31b., if both, 61b. ; 
 the straight half a mile. 
 
 The County and City Members' Plates, of £50 
 each, &c. 
 
 Mr. Margerum, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 Taunton. — This town is situated on the river 
 Tone, in a central part of the beautiful and luxu- 
 riant vale of Taunton -Dean, 1 1 miles from Bridge- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 299 
 
 water and 144 (W. by S.) from London, and con- 
 tains upwards of 10,000 inhabitants. It contains 
 a theatre, assembly rooms, a public library, and 
 reading rooms, with a museum attached, &c., and 
 several charitable institutions. 
 
 The races take place about the beginning of 
 September, and continue two days. Both the 
 members for the county and the members for the 
 borough contribute to the Stakes. 
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 Brenwood, 10: miles from Stafford and 125 ^^ 
 miles from London, and containing 2,763 inhabi- 
 tants. Two days' racing towards the end of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 The Patshull Stakes of 3 sovs. each, with 20 
 added from the fund. The Ladies' Purse. The 
 Chillington Stakes, of 5 sovs. each, with 20 sovs. 
 added from the fund. A hurdle race, &c. 
 
 Burntwood, 3i miles (W. by S.) from Lich- 
 field, containing about 700 inhabitants. One day's 
 racing about the middle of October. About £40 
 is subscribed, and added to the stakes. 
 
 Burton upon Trent, 24 miles (E.) from Staf- 
 ford, and 124 (N. W. by N.) from London, and 
 containing 4,114 in that part of the town situated 
 in the county of Stafford. It is celebrated for its 
 excellent ale, and contains a theatre, assembly- 
 rooms, libraries, &c. 
 
300 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Races were held here at a very early period ; at 
 present, they take place towards the end of August, 
 generally the week after Wolverhampton, and con- 
 tinue two days. 
 
 The Trial Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 20 added 
 from the fund ; once round and a distance. To 
 close and name on the day of entry for the Angle- 
 sea Plate (the Saturday preceding the races) be- 
 tween the hours of four and six in the evening, at 
 the three Queens' Inn. 
 
 The two yrs. old Stakes, of 15 sovs. each, for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8st. 51b. and fillies, 8st. 21b. ; 
 the straight half mile. To close and name on or 
 before the 1st of May, to Messrs. Weatherby, or 
 to the secretary of the Race Committee. 
 
 The Bretby Cup, or piece of plate, value 100 
 sovs. given by the Earl of Chesterfield, added to a 
 sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft., and 5 only if 
 declared to Messrs. Weatherby, in London, or to 
 the secretary of the Race Committee, Burton-upon- 
 Trent, on or before the 1st of July. To close and 
 name on the 1st of June, and the weights to be 
 declared on or before the 20th. Five to accept, or 
 no race ; the second horse to save his stake ; once 
 round and a distance. 
 
 The Drukelow^ Stakes of 25 sovs. each, with 
 20 added from the fund, 10 ft., and 5 only if de- 
 clared by the 1st. of July ; twice round and a dis- 
 tance. To close and name on or before the 1st of 
 
BRITISH TURF. 301 
 
 June to Messrs. Weatherby, or the secretary to 
 the Race Committee ; the weights to be declared 
 on the 20th of June. 
 
 The Anglesea Plate of 50 sovs. 
 
 The three yrs. old Stakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft. 
 once round, and start at the two yrs. old starting 
 post. To close and name on or before the 1st of 
 May, to Messrs. Weatherby, or to the Secretary 
 to the Race Committee. 
 
 The Cup Stakes of 10 sovs, each, by subscrip- 
 tion , to which will be added 30 from the fund ; 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. ; twice round and a dis- 
 tance. To close and name on the 1st of June to 
 Messrs. Weatherby, or to the Secretary of the 
 Race Committee. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 sovs. 
 added by the fund ; m. and g. allowed 21b. To 
 close at the time of naming for the Anglesea plate ; 
 horses that have won once in the present year, up 
 to the time of starting, 31b., twice, 5lb., thrice, 71b. 
 extra ; horses having started twice and not won, to 
 be allowed 81b., thrice, 51b. ; heats, once round 
 and a distance. 
 
 A Hunters' Stakes of 10 sovs. each, for horses, &c., 
 not thorough-bred ; a winner of one plate or stake 
 in the present year, 51b., of two, 71b., and of three, 
 101b. extra ; two-mile heats. To close and name 
 to Messrs. Weatherby, or to the Secretary to 
 the Race Committee, on or before the 1st. of July. 
 
302 HISTOaY OF THE 
 
 J. D. Bedford, Secretary to the Kace Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Cheadle, 14 miles from Stafford, and 147 (N. 
 W. by N.) from London, containing 3,862 inhabi- 
 tants. One day's inferior racing about the be- 
 ginning of September. 
 
 Hednesford, a joint township with Leacroft, 
 in the parish of Cannock, 4 miles (S. W. by S.) 
 from Rudgeby, and about 12 miles from Lichfield, 
 and containing 442 inhabitants. The heathy 
 downs called Cannock Chase, which lie between 
 Brenwood, Burntwood, Hednesford, Rudgeby and 
 Lichfield, contain about 25,000 acres, have been 
 long celebrated for the number of race-horses bred 
 and trained on them, chiefly about Hednesford. 
 One day's racing takes place here about the be- 
 ginning of July, when about £70, raised by sub- 
 scription, is given away in stakes. 
 
 Lichfield, 16|- miles from Stafford, and 118 
 (N. W. by N.) from London, containing 6,075 in- 
 habitants. At the theatre, which is open during 
 the races, the celebrated Mrs. Siddons made her 
 first appearance on the stage. The course is on 
 the road to Tamworth, about two miles from the 
 city. In addition to the races which take place 
 towards the middle of September, and which 
 continue two days, a Spring Meeting is now 
 held about the end of March, for Hunters' 
 Stakes. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 303 
 
 Lichfield Summer Meeting. — The Staffordshire 
 Stakes, of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft., and 5 only if 
 declared to Messrs. Weatherbv, or to Mr. F. 
 Webb, on or before the 24th of August, two miles; 
 50 sovs. will be added from the race fund. Three 
 to accept, or no race ; the second horse to save 
 his stake. To close and name on the 1st. of Au- 
 gust. The weight to be declared on or before the 
 14th of August. Nominations to be taken in this 
 stake, and remaining in, to pay 15 sovs., and on 
 starting, 25 sovs. 
 
 The tjvo yrs. old Stakes of 25 sovs. each ; colts, 
 8st. 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 41b. ; T. Y. C. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft., for three 
 yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. ; and fillies, 8st. 41b. To 
 close and name on the 1st. of May. 
 
 The Gold Cup, by subscriptions of 10 sovs. 
 each, to be paid in specie ; three miles ; m. and 
 g. allowed 21b. ; a winner of a queen's plate, cup, 
 or cup stakes, in the same year, to carry 31b., 
 twice, 51b., thrice, 71b. extra. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. &c. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 added 
 from the fund, for horses that never won more 
 than £50 at any one time ; m. and g. allowed 
 21b. ; winners in the same year, once, 31b., 
 twice, 51b., thrice, 71b. extra; half-bred horses 
 allowed 71b. ; horses that have started three times 
 in the same year and not won, allowed 3lb. ; 
 
^^04 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 one-mile heat. To close and name on the Satur- 
 day before running. 
 
 F. Webb, Secretary. 
 
 Newcastle-under-Lyme, 16 miles from Stafford, 
 and 149 from London, on the great road from Bir- 
 mingham and London to Liverpool and PMan- 
 chester, and containing 7031 inhabitants. There 
 is' a small theatre, concert and assembly rooms. 
 The races, which are held about the beginning of 
 August, and continue two days, three days interven- 
 ing between them, take place on an excellent course 
 near the town. In addition to what is generally 
 given by the members for the borough, upwards of 
 £100 raised by subscription is given away in 
 stakes. 
 
 The Potteries. — A district in the north-western 
 part of the county, consisting of numerous scat- 
 tered villages occupying an extent of upwards of 
 10 square miles, and containing more than 20,000 
 inhabitants. In this district is manufactured the 
 famous Staffordshire crockery-ware, from which it 
 takes its name. The races here take place about 
 the beginning of August, and continue two days. 
 
 First Day. — The Trial Stakes of 15 sovs. each, 
 with 20 sovs. added ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; one 
 round and a distance. Four subscribers, or no 
 race. 
 
 The Borough Stakes of 1.5 sovs. each, 10 ft., 
 with 100 sovs. added; m. and g. allowed 31b.; 
 
BRITISH TURF. 305 
 
 a winner of a queen's plate, cup, or stakes of 
 100 sovs. value in the same year, to carry 51b. 
 extra ; twice round and a distance ; the second 
 horse to receive back his stake. Not less than 
 three horses to start, unless by the consent of the 
 stewards. 
 
 The Stewards' Plate of 100 sovs. in specie, added 
 to a Handicap Sweepstakes of 2.5 sovs. each, 15 ft., 
 and 5 only if declared, &c. ; three times round the 
 course, about three miles. To close on the 1st. of 
 May, and the weights to be fixed by the 14th, and 
 to declare by the 1st of June. 
 
 2nd. Day. — A Handicap Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. 
 each, 15 ft. and 5 only if declared on or before 
 the 1st of May, with 100 sovs. added by William 
 Taylor Copeland, Esq. M.P. ; for all ages ; twice 
 round, about two miles. To close and name on 
 the 1st of March, and the weights to be fixed by 
 the 1st of April. 
 
 The Champagne Stakes of 20 sovs. each h. ft. 
 with 50 sovs. added, for tw^o yrs. old colts, 8st. 7lb. 
 and fillies, 8st. 31b, The winner to give two 
 dozen of champagne to the Club ; T. Y. C. half a 
 mile. To close and name on or before the 1st of 
 March. 
 
 The Maiden Plate of 70 sovs. added to a sub- 
 scription of 3 sovs. each, for horses &c. of all ages, 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. ; the winner of any of the 
 preceding races to carry 51b. extra; the second 
 
 VOL. I. X 
 
SOG HISTORY OF THE 
 
 horse to receive the subscription ; heats, twice 
 round and a distance. 
 
 The horses for the Trial Stakes, the Borough 
 Stakes, and the Maiden Plate, to be named at the 
 George Inn, Burslem, on Saturday, the 3rd of 
 August, between the hours of six and seven 
 o'clock. 
 
 All communications to be addressed to the se- 
 cretary of the Pottery Race Committee, Burslem. 
 The entries for the Stew^ard's Plate, the handicap 
 of 25 sovs. each, and the Champagne Stakes, to be 
 made either to Mr. Weatherby, in London, or the 
 secretary of the Race Committee, Burslem.. 
 
 Stafford. — The chief town of the county, on 
 the river Low; 136 miles (N. W. by N.) from Lon- 
 don, containing nearly 6000 inhabitants. The 
 course, which is one mile, would be a complete 
 oval, but for a straight run in of about a quarter of 
 a mile. The races, which take place in the begin- 
 ning of October, are of a very inferior description. 
 Stone. — Seven miles from Stafford and 141 
 from London, containing 2,855 inhabitants. Two 
 days' racing about the beginning of October. About 
 £100 raised by public subscription, is given away 
 in stakes. 
 
 Uttoxeter. — On the river Dore, 13 miles from 
 Stafford, and 135 (N.W. by N.) from London, con- 
 taining 4,658 inhabitants. Two days' racing about 
 the end of September. About £80 raised by sub- 
 scription, is given away in stakes. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 307 
 
 Walsall. — 18 miles from Stafford, and 118 
 from London, containing nearly 6000 inhabitants. 
 Assemblies are held at the principal hotels during 
 the races, which take place towards the end of 
 September, and continue two days. In addition 
 to a plate of £50, given by the Borough Members, 
 nearly £100 is raised by subscription, and given 
 away in stakes. 
 
 Wolverhampton. — 16 miles (S.) from Stafford, 
 and 123 (N.W.) from London, containing nearly 
 20,000 inhabitants. This town contanis a theatre, 
 open during the races, assembly rooms, public 
 subscription library, &c. The races take place 
 about the middle of August, and continue three 
 days. The course is of an oval shape, a mile and 
 a quarter, the run in straight ; and the T. Y. C. is 
 a straight half mile ; it is situated near the town, 
 and contains an elegant stand. 
 
 1st. Day. — The Trial Stakes, of 10 sovs. each, 
 with 20 added, &c. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, for three yrs. old; 
 the produce of untried mares and horses allowed 
 31b. &c. The Wolverhampton Stakes of 25 sovs. 
 (handicap each) 15 ft. and 5 if declared, &c., to 
 which is added 100 sovs. 
 
 2nd Day. — The St. Leger Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 
 with 50 added from the fund, for three yrs. old 
 colts and fiUies, &c. ; one mile and three quarters. 
 
 The Chillington Stakes of 25 sovs. each, for two 
 
 X 2 
 
308 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 yrs. old colts and fillies, &c. ; three quarters of a 
 mile. 
 
 The Cleveland Cup, of 100 sovs. by subscriptions 
 of 10 sovs. each, the surplus in money, to which 
 is added 50 sovs. from the fund. The Borough 
 Members' Plate of 60 sovs. 
 
 3rd Day. — The Wrottesley Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, with 20 added from the fund, &c. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft. for two 
 yrs. old colts and filhes. 
 
 The Holyoake Stakes, of 20 sovs. each (handi- 
 cap) 10 ft. and 5 only if declared, &c. on or before 
 the 1st of August. The second horse to save his 
 stake, and the winner to pay 10 sovs. towards the 
 expenses of the course. 
 
 The Himley Park Stakes, of 5 sovs. each, with 
 25 added, for beaten horses. 
 
 A half-bred Stake, &c. 
 
 Mr. F. Marshall, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 SUFFOLK. 
 
 Beccles. — On the river Wareney, 44 miles 
 from Bury St. Edmond's, and 110 (N.E. by N.) 
 from London, containing 3.493 inhabitants. The 
 environs abound with pleasing scenery ; and the 
 theatre, an elegant building, open during the races, 
 is sometimes used as an assembly room. The 
 course, on which there are two handsome and com- 
 modious stands, is situated near the town, and is 
 
^. BRITISH TURF. 309 
 
 extensive and well kept. Two clays' ^^acing to- 
 wards the end of September. From £80 to £100, 
 raised by subscription, is given away in stakes. 
 
 Ipswich, on the river Orwell, 25 miles (S.E. 
 by E.) from Bmy St. Edmond's, and 69 (N.E.) 
 from London, containing 17,186 inhabitants. This 
 town contains a public subscription library, three 
 subscription news-rooms, a mechanic's institution, 
 with a good library and museum, and also a horti- 
 cultural society. The theatre is opened twice a 
 year by the Norwich company of comedians. It 
 w^as at Ipswich that Garrick made his first appear- 
 ance on the stage, in 1739. The assembly rooms 
 are large and elegantly fitted up. 
 
 The races take place in the beginning of July, 
 and continue two days. 
 
 1st Day.— Her Majesty's Plate of lOOgs. The 
 County Member's Plate of 50. Hunter's Sw^eep- 
 stakes. 
 
 2nd Day.— The Town Members' plate of 50 
 sovs. The Town Pur^ of 50 sovs. A Sweepstakes 
 for horses the property of farmers, &c. 
 
 Newmarket. — See Cambridgeshire. 
 
 SURREY. 
 
 Egham, on the banks of the Thames, 20 
 miles from London, containing 3,616 inhabitants. 
 Runnymede, on which the races take place, is ce- 
 lebrated in history as the place appointed by King 
 John for holding a conference with his revolted 
 
310 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 barons, wjio had confederated for the preservation 
 of their rights and Hberties. On this plain, after a 
 debate which continued a few days, during which 
 each party encamped as open enemies, the king 
 consented to grant the privileges and exemptions 
 contained in " Magna Charta," which he after- 
 wards signed in a small island near the opposite 
 banks of the Thames, still called Magna Charta 
 Island. 
 
 During former reigns, Egham races were always 
 honoured by a visit from royalty. The course, 
 which is rather oval, is short of two miles by 66 
 yards, and nearly flat. 
 
 First Day. — ^The Gold Cup ; the winner to be 
 paid in specie by subscriptions of ] sovs. each ; 
 if more than ten subscribers, the owner of the 
 second horse to receive back his stake ; m. and g. 
 allowed 3lb. ; the winner to be sold for 600 sovs. 
 if demanded, &c. ; two miles. To close and name 
 on the Monday after Ascot. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 20 soTvs. each, h. ft. for two 
 yrs. old colts, 8st. 7lb., and filhes 8st. 3lb. ; half a 
 mile. 
 
 Second day. — The Surrey and Middlesex Stakes 
 of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft. and 5 only if declared on or 
 before the 20th of July. Three to remain in or no 
 race , two miles and a distance. To close and 
 name on the Monday after Ascot ; the weights to 
 be fixed on or before the 1st of Julv. The winner 
 of the Goodwood or Brighton Stakes to carry 71b. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 311 
 
 of both, 101b. extra; the winner to pay 15 sovs. to 
 the Judge. 
 
 The Magna Charta Stakes, of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. 
 for colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 4lb. ; the win- 
 ner of the Riddlesworth, 2000gs., Derby, or Oaks, 
 to carry 71b. extra ; the new mile. To close and 
 name on the 1st of March. 
 
 Third Day. — A Sweepstakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 
 ft. for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 51b., and fillies, 8st. 
 21b. ; winners to carry 31b. extra ; three quarters of 
 a mile. To close and name the Monday after 
 Ascot. 
 
 Epsom, a parish in the 1st. division of the 
 hundred of Copthorne, 16 miles (E.N.E.) from 
 Guilford, and 15 (S.W. by S.) from London, on 
 the road to Worthing, containing, with the hamlet 
 of Horton, about 3000 inhabitants. This place 
 was by the Saxons called Ebbisham, from which 
 its present name is derived. It is delightfully situ- 
 ated on the western verge of Banstead Downs, and 
 from the salubrity of the air, the estimation in 
 which its medicinal waters were formerly held, and 
 the celebrity of its races, it became the resort of 
 many families, and rapidly increased in the num- 
 ber of its buildings, and the extent of its popula- 
 tion. In the centre of the town is a large sheet of 
 water. The houses are, in general, handsome and 
 well-built. The environs, which are exceedingly 
 pleasant, abound with handsome seats and villas, 
 and on the downs, which command an extensive 
 
312 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and interesting view of the surrounding country, is 
 the far-famed Epsom race-course, where the Derby 
 and Oaks are annually run for. 
 
 Towards the conclusion of the 17th and in the 
 beginning of the 18th centuries, the mineral waters 
 at this place were in great use. The spring, situ- 
 ated on the common, half a mile out of the village, 
 was the first of the kind discovered in England, with 
 the exception of the hot well at Bath. It was 
 found by accident, in 1618, or, according to 
 another account, about the end of Queen Eliza- 
 beth's reign. Its beneficial properties soon became 
 generally known, and began to attract visitors, for 
 whose accommodation the lord of the manor erect- 
 ed a shed, and enclosed the pond formed by the 
 spring. About 1640, the fame of these waters had 
 spread into France, Germany, and other countries, 
 and from them salts were prepared, for which, 
 though sold at five shillings an ounce, the demand 
 was greater than could be supplied. About 1649, 
 the concourse of families and foreigners resorting 
 to the well was so great, that Mr. Packhurst, then 
 lord of the manor, enlarged the first building, by 
 erecting a ball-room, planted a long walk of elms 
 from the London road, and avenues leading in dif- 
 ferent directions. The village continued increas- 
 ing, and rivalled even Bath and Tunbridge in the 
 number of its distinguished visitors. 
 
 About the beginning of the last century, these 
 waters gradually lost their reputation, through the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 313 
 
 knavery of one Lerington, an apothecary, who, 
 having purchased a piece of land here, built a 
 large house, with an assembly room, and sunk a 
 well. By means of balls, concerts, and other 
 amusements, this person contrived to lure the 
 company from the old well, till at length, getting 
 the lease of the latter into his own hands, he shut 
 it up. This designing and unprincipled conduct 
 met its proper reward. The new water was found 
 not to possess the virtues of the old, and Epsom 
 began to be deserted. At the expiration of the 
 lease, Mr. Parkhurst repaired the buildings of the 
 old well ; and although the place was no longer 
 so much visited by strangers, it was still frequented 
 by the neighbouring gentry, who had a public 
 breakfast here every Monday, during the summer 
 months. This practice was, at length, wholly su- 
 perseded by the new fashion of sea-bathing, and in 
 1804, the old building was pulled down, and a 
 dwelling house erected on its site. The well is 
 still preserved. 
 
 The manor of Ebbisham belonged, at the time of 
 the Doomsday survey, to the abbey of Chertsey, 
 the monks of which were licensed to have a park 
 here, shut up whenever they pleased. This is 
 supposed to be what is now called Woodcote Park, 
 about a mile southward of the village. Woodcote 
 Park was long the residence of the proprietors of 
 the manor, till given, towards the conclusion of the 
 17th century, by Mrs. Evelyn to Lord Baltimore. 
 
314 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The last possessor of that family led a dissolute 
 life, and in March, 1768, was tried at Guildford 
 assizes for a rape on Sarah Woodcock, a milliner, 
 whom he sent to his house here. He narrowly 
 escaped being convicted. Soon afterwards he sold 
 his estate, at this place, went abroad, and died at 
 Naples, in 1771. The following anecdotes of this 
 nobleman are taken from a German periodical 
 publication, entitled 011a Podrida for 1785, (Part 
 IV. p. 45.) 
 
 ** Lord Baltimore, who published ' Remarks on 
 Constantinople and the Turks,' in 1768, and a 
 ' Tour in the Levant,' in 1769, determined to keep 
 constantly travelling, that, as he said, he might 
 not know where he should be buried. In 1769 
 he travelled with eight women, a physician, and 
 two black eunuchs, who were entrusted with the 
 superintendence of his little seraglio. With the 
 assistance of his doctor, he made many singular 
 experiments upon the ladies of his harem, feeding 
 such as were inclined to be fat, on acid aliments 
 alone, and those of a contrary nature with milk, 
 soups, and nutritious diet. On his arrival with this 
 retinue at Vienna, the inspector of police begged to 
 be informed which of the eight ladies was his wife. 
 He returned this message, that " he was an Eng- 
 lishman, and whenever he was called to account 
 about his marriage, he immediately left that place, 
 unless an opportunity was afforded him of boxing it 
 out.'^ 
 
BRITISH TURF. 315 
 
 The mansion and park of Woodcote were pur- 
 chased by the late Lewis Tessier, Esq. His son, 
 the Baron de Tessier, to whom they now belong, 
 is a perpetual steward of Epsom races — an office 
 he fills to the entire satisfaction of the sporting 
 world, and the public in general. 
 
 The disputes about the manor of Epsom, which 
 not long since occasioned much anxiety with the 
 public, as threatening to put a stop to these favou- 
 rite races, are, at length, happily terminated. 
 While this alarm was at its height, it happened 
 that a general election took place. As if to show 
 how dear the national amusement of racing is to 
 our rural population, a gentleman of high cha- 
 racter and great wealth, but who was suspected 
 on account of his well-known antipathy to field 
 sports (arising from overstrained religious feelings) , 
 of designing to put down Epsom races, is generally 
 supposed to have lost his election for the county 
 on this account only. 
 
 Horton Park, which was also the property of 
 Lord Baltimore, is now the residence of James 
 Trotter, Esq. 
 
 Durdans is said by Aubrey to have been built by 
 the Earl of Berkeley with the materials of Nonsuch 
 Palace, when it was demolished by the Duchess of 
 Cleveland. This fine structure, which was once 
 inhabited by the father of George III, being des- 
 troyed by fire, a new mansion was erected by Mr. 
 
3 I 6 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Dalbiac, and is now the residence of Charles 
 Blackman, Esq. 
 
 On Banstead Downs is the Oaks, originally an 
 ale-house, which was purchased by General Bur- 
 goyne, who built an elegant dining-room, and 
 fitted up the place for a hunting seat. It was sold 
 by the general to the Earl of Derby, one of the 
 most accomplished sportsmen of his day, who 
 greatly enlarged the house and enclosed much of 
 the adjoining common, so that it is now sur- 
 rounded by plantations two miles in circumference. 
 Here was given the celebrated *' Fete champetre," 
 in celebration of the Earl's first marriage, which 
 furnished General Burgoyne with the subject of a 
 musical entertainment, entitled the " Maid of the 
 Oaks." 
 
 In 1779 the Earl of Derby originated the famous 
 stakes, called the Oaks, after this seat, and in the 
 following year, the Derby, so named out of com- 
 pliment to its founder, both of which stakes have 
 been run for annually at Epsom ever since, and with 
 the great St. Leger stakes at Doncaster, may with 
 justice be denominated the most popular and at- 
 tractive races in this country. 
 
 A Spring meeting has been established at Ep- 
 som which takes place in the beginning of April, 
 but is very thinly attended, and the sport is very 
 indifferent. 
 
 The grand racing meeting commences on the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 317 
 
 Tuesday, and continues till the end, of the week 
 jDreceding Whitsuntide, and until 1838, the 
 Derby was run on the Thursday, and the Oaks on 
 the Friday. Now however the Derby is run for on 
 Wednesday, which is a most judicious change in 
 several respects. By this alteration, the public 
 have a day given them to recover from the turmoil 
 and excitement of the Derby, and are thus enabled 
 to enter with greater relish into the more quiet but 
 not less pleasurable amusements of the Oaks' day. 
 As a proof that this change is appreciated, it is 
 only necessary to refer to the attendance on the 
 second Friday, since it has taken place, it being 
 well known and generally remarked at the time, that 
 the company, both in 1838, and the past season, 
 very considerably exceeded the average of former 
 years. A day's interval is also of service, to those 
 who may happen to have fillies in both races — 
 which occurred at the last meeting, with Deception 
 (backed to a considerable amount for each) the 
 second for the Derby, and the winner of the Oaks. 
 
 The old course, now seldom used except for the 
 cup, is two miles, of an irregular circular form ; the 
 first mile up hill. 
 
 The new Derby course is exactly a mile and a 
 half, and somewhat in the form of a horse shoe. 
 The first three quarters of a mile may be consi- 
 dered as straight running, the bend in the course 
 being very trifling, and the width very great ; the 
 next quarter of a mile is in a gradual turn, and 
 
318 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 is called Tattenhain corner ; the last half mile 
 from this is straight. The first half mile is on the 
 ascent, the next third of a mile level ; and the re- 
 mainder is on the descent, till within the distance, 
 where the ground again rises. 
 
 The newT. Y. C. is 6 furlongs ; the old T. Y. C. 
 
 or Woodcote course, is rather under 4 The 
 
 Craven course is one mile and a quarter. 
 
 The Grand Stand, a handsome and commodious 
 building, was erected in 1829 — 30, the expense 
 being estimated at £13,890, which sum was raised 
 by means of shares. The interior comprises se- 
 veral rooms for refreshment, and a saloon, 101 feet 
 in length, and 38 wide. The whole length of the 
 building is 126 feet, arranged for the accommoda- 
 tion of 5000 persons, with seats on the roof for 
 2,500 more. Besides this, there are numerous 
 other stands, which, with booths and shows of 
 every description, line each side of the course, for a 
 considerable distance. 
 
 The appearance of the course, just previous to 
 the start for the Derby, with its innumerable booths, 
 and the vast multitude which cover it as far as the 
 eye can reach, in every direction, is a sight of 
 thrilling interest, and one only to be beheld in this 
 country. The horses are saddled, and led about for 
 some little time previous to starting, in the warren, 
 a paddock near the course, to which the public are 
 admitted on foot, upon payment of a shilling, and 
 which attracts vast crowds, some from curiosity to 
 
BRITISH TURF. 319 
 
 see the condition &c. of their favourite horses, but 
 the greater number to stare at the nobility, as nearly- 
 half the male portion of the peerage may be met 
 with on this spot. 
 
 The crowded state of the roads, both on ap- 
 proaching and returning from Epsom races, has 
 been often described, and it is only to be wondered 
 at that a greater number of accidents do not 
 occur, particularly as many brave cocknies select 
 this occasion for their first attempt at coachman- 
 ship or riding. 
 
 Baron de Tessier and Sir Gilbert Heathcote are 
 the perpetual stewards of these races, — in which 
 situation, they have given universal satisfaction. 
 Mr. J. Farrall, the trainer of Epsom, is the clerk of 
 the course, and is very efficient and attentive. Tiie 
 ground for the erection of booths, &c. is put up to 
 auction previous to each meeting, of which due 
 notice is given by public advertisements. 
 
 EPSOM SPRING MEETING. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 5 so vs. each, with £50 added 
 by Sir Gilbert Heathcote, three yrs. old to carry 
 7st. 21b. ; and four, 8st. 101b. ; one mile. 
 
 A sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 sovs. 
 added, for horses of all ages ; the Craven stakes 
 weights ; the winner to be sold for 250 sovs. if de- 
 manded in the usual way ; one mile heats. 
 
320 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 EPSOM, GRAND MEETING, IN MAY. 
 
 Tuesday. — The Craven stakes of 10 sovs. each, 
 for three yrs old, 8st., four, 8st. 91b. ; six, 9st. 
 21b. ; and aged, 9st. 51b. ; the last mile and a 
 quarter. To close on the entrance night. 
 
 The Shirley stakes of 25 sovs. each; colts, 8st. 
 71b. ; fillies 8st. 41b. ; then three yrs. old ; one 
 mile. 
 
 The Woodcote stakes of 30 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 61b. ; and fillies, Sst. 
 31b ; new T. Y. C. three quarters of a mile. 
 
 Wednesday. — Renewal of the Derby stakes, of 
 50 sovs. each, h. ft. for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 
 71b. ; and fillies, Sst. 21b. ; last mile and half; the 
 owner of the second horse to receive 100 sovs. 
 out of the stakes ; and the winner to pay 100 
 sovs. towards the expense of additional police 
 officers ; stakes to be made to Messrs. Weatherby 
 in London. 
 
 Thursday. — Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, with 
 50 added for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 61b. ; fillies, 
 8st. 31b. ; new T. Y. C, the winner to be sold 
 for 200 sovs. To close on the entrance day. 
 
 Friday. — A renewal of the Oaks stakes, 50 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. for three yrs. old, fillies 8st. 41b. ; all 
 other conditions as for the Derby. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 100 sovs. each, h. ft. colts, 
 Sst. 71b. ; filUes Sst. 41b. ; then two yrs. old ; 
 
BRITISH TURF. .321 
 
 new T. Y. C. those got by untried stallions, or cut 
 of untried mares to be allowed 3lb. ; but only one 
 allowance. To close and name to Messrs. Weath- 
 erby, or Mr. Farrall, or before the 25th. of March 
 1839. 
 
 Guilford.— On the river Wey, 30 miles (S. W.) 
 from London, and containing 3,1()1 inhabitants. 
 The races at this place have fallen into insignifi- 
 cance, the only stake mentioned in the racing 
 calender, run for here annually during the last 
 two years, being her Majesty's plate of 100 gs. 
 
 Reigate. — This town is beautifully situated on a 
 branch of the river Mole, on the high road, from 
 London to Brighton; 19 miles (E.) from Guilford, 
 and 21 (S. by W.) from London. The races here 
 take place about the first week in June, and con- 
 tinue two days, daring w^hich the following plates 
 and stakes are run for, viz : — The Gold cup, value 
 100 gs. — The Surrey plate, value 100 gs. ; the 
 Reigate Gold cup, 100 gs. ; the Reigate hunting 
 Gold cup, of the same value. 
 
 SUSSEX. 
 
 Brighton, or Brighthelmstone. — A town on the 
 sea-coast, in the hundred of Whalesbone and cape 
 Lewis, 52 miles from London. This town was a 
 small fishing place till 1784 ; but since that period, 
 by the mere force of fashion and royal patronage, 
 it has grown up to be a populous and luxurious 
 
 VOL. I. y 
 
322 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 city. It is built under the shelter of the South- 
 down hills, which protect it from the northern and 
 eastern blasts. Splendid squares and parades have 
 been built, besides hotels, club-houses, and other 
 establishments, for the purpose of amusement. 
 Hence it has become the resort of the idle, the 
 invalid and the fashionable, as w^ell in the winter 
 as the summer season. — It boasts also of a Royal 
 Palace, called the Pavilion, at which our recent 
 Sovereigns have never failed to pass some part of 
 the winter. In 1821, the population of this fa- 
 shionable watering place, amounted to 24,429 ; but 
 such has been the increase since that period, 
 that it is at present estimated at little short of 
 50,000 in the season. 
 
 The races take place in the beginning of August, 
 
 and continue three days. — The course, which is on 
 
 Brighton downs, about a mile and a half from the 
 
 town, is railed in, and well kept, and affords every 
 
 accommodation to the numerous and fashionable 
 
 visitors ; the stand is capable of containing 500 
 
 spectators. Its height above the sea, is 384 
 
 feet ; and from it may be seen the Isle of Wight, 
 
 with many other beautiful objects. On White 
 
 Hawke hill, near the race course, on which a 
 
 signal tower has been erected, are the remains of 
 
 an ancient fortification ; and on HoUingsbury hill, 
 
 about tW'O miles north of the town, are vestiges 
 
 of a large circular encampment in which are several 
 
BRITISH TURF. 323 
 
 tumuli. In 1750, ao urii coutaiaing 1000 silver 
 denarii, of the emperor from Antoninus Pius to 
 Philip, was found near this spot. 
 
 The following is a list of the principal plates and 
 stakes run for over this course : viz : — The Brigh- 
 ton stakes of 25 sovs. each with 100 added. The 
 the town plate of 50 sovs. The Sussex plate of 50 
 sovs. Her Majesty's Gold cup, value 100 sovs. 
 The Sussex plate of 50 sovs. and a Handicap plate 
 of 40 sovs. It is remarkable, that the borough 
 members do not contribute anv stake at these 
 races. 
 
 Goodwood. — The seat of his grace the Duke of 
 Richmond, near Chichester. This domain was 
 purchased in 1720, of the family of Compton, by 
 Charles, the first Duke of Richmond, as a hunting 
 seat, and for occasional resort ; but having been 
 greatly enlarged and modernized, it became the 
 chief residence of that noble family. Its present 
 grandeur and extent, with appendages in a style of 
 unusual nagnificence, are chiefly due to the second 
 Duke of Richmond, who dedicated his leisure and 
 ample fortune to plans of improvement, both in 
 planting and building, which were designed and 
 brought to perfection during the last forty years of 
 his life. 
 
 The great addition in the former mansion was 
 begun 1800. It is a principal front, which ex- 
 tends 166 feet, has a colonade of two orders in its 
 centre for entrance, and is terminated by circular 
 
 Y 2 
 
324 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 towers, with hemispherical roofs. From each of 
 these a front of 106 feet, towards the east and 
 south, stands upon an angle of 45 degrees. This 
 elevation is imposing in its effect, from the large 
 space it occupies. The building is composed of 
 squarred flint-stones, of the neatest masonry, and 
 the whole architectural design originated with the 
 noble founder, who superintended the execution. 
 At his death in 1806 much of the interior remained 
 to be completed. 
 
 This spacious structure has great advantage of 
 situation, at the base of rich woodland, and a range 
 of downs, and is surrounded by the Park, where 
 forest trees of remarkable dimensions and beautv 
 are abundantly scattered. From different parts of 
 the park, the general aspect of the country is very 
 beautiful ; an effect arising from the inequality of 
 the surface, the diversity of the scenery (of which 
 the leading features are the English channel, Chi- 
 chester spire and the Isle of Wight,) and the varie- 
 ty of the verdure in the foreground. Towards the 
 north, the surface becomes irregular, and partakes 
 of the pleasing character of landscape, peculiar to 
 the neighbouring chalk downs, with their wooded 
 acclivities. The whole circuit of the park, which 
 contains 2000 acres, is enclosed by a lofty flint 
 wall. Many of the knolls and bays into which the 
 downs are broken, are clothed with plantations of 
 fir and beech, to the extent of some hundreds of 
 acres. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 325 
 
 Of the interior of Goodwood house, the most 
 striking object is a colonnade in the vestibule, or 
 entrance hall. This room is divided by six pillars 
 of Guernsey granite, of a light grey colour, the 
 shafts being 13 feet high, with a diameter of one 
 foot 7 inches. Tbe dining room and library are 
 splendidly fitted up with designs from the antique. 
 The picture gallery, which is 86 by 24 feet, among 
 others, contains valuable paintings by Vandyke, 
 Leley, Battoni, Gainsborough, &c. &c., besides 
 several landscapes with portraits of celebrated 
 horses, by Stubbs. The stables and offices, west- 
 ward of the house, and perhaps rather too near 
 to it, form a handsome quadrangular building, in- 
 ferior to few, if any in the kingdom. The stables 
 were began 1757, and finished in six years, from a 
 design of Sir William Chambers. The dog kennel, 
 which is said to have cost £25,000, is both for ex- 
 tent, and singular arrangment, unequalled by any 
 other in England ; it was designed, and built by 
 James Watts. Among the curiosities of Goodwood, 
 is the lion carved in wood, which adorned the 
 head of Commodore Anson's ship the Centurian, 
 during his circumnavigation of the globe. It is set 
 up on a stone pedestal, with the following hues in- 
 scribed on it. 
 
 Stay, traveller, awhile and view 
 One who has travelled more than you ; 
 Quite round the globe, in each degree, 
 Anson, and I, have ptoughed the sea f 
 
32(j HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Torid and frigid zones have past, 
 And safe ashore arrive J at last. 
 In ease and dignity appear ; 
 He in the House of Lords, I here. 
 
 Every year seems to add to the consequence, and 
 increase the popularity, of Goodwood races ;* for 
 the four days' sport of the present season, 1839, 
 contained a succession of stakes of greater intrinsic 
 value, and producing greater excitement in the 
 sporting world, than those of any preceding year. 
 These races take place about the end of July, or the 
 beginning of August, and continue four days. In 
 addition to the grand stand, several others are pro- 
 vided for the accommodation of the numerous visi- 
 tors, among whom is included a long hst of nobili- 
 ty, many of whom partake of the hospitality of the 
 Noble Duke, during the race week. 
 
 The following are the length of the different 
 courses. 
 
 C. C. — Cup Course, horses run out to the WTst 
 of the clump, and return to the east ; two miles 
 and three quarters. 
 
 D. S. C. — Drawing Room Stakes Course. Once 
 round, to the west of the clump ; about two miles 
 and a quarter. 
 
 T. Y. C— Is the straight three quarters of a 
 mile. 
 
 * Goodwood races were estabhshed in 1S03, upon the Earl of Egve- 
 mont giving up the races in his park, at Petv/orth 
 
BRITISH TURF. 32? 
 
 Half a mile.— Is the last half mile of T. Y. C. 
 
 The Queen's Plate course. — The horses start on 
 the Charlton Down, to the north-west of the stand ; 
 run over to the east of the clump, go the outside 
 circle of the hill, and return to the east of the 
 clump : about three miles, and five furlongs. 
 
 Two miles, one mile and three quarters, one mile 
 and a half, and one mile, is, unless specified to the 
 contrary, run on theD. S. C. 
 
 The following regulations, which are strictly en- 
 forced at these races, are well worthy of general 
 adoption, viz : — 
 
 No trainers or jockies will be permitted to ride 
 their hacks upon the race course during the race ; 
 and every jockey or trainer so offending, will be 
 fined £5 for each offence. All horses to be saddled 
 in front of the grand stand, or else to be rode past 
 the grand stand, at least once before going to the 
 starting post. In order that there may be no contest 
 among the jockeys, for places at starting, they are 
 required to take their places numbering from the 
 right, and will draw lots for their numbers out of a 
 bag, to be provided by Mr. Clarke,^ at the time of 
 weighing. Mr Clarke will write down the name of 
 each jockey opposite the number, on a list kept 
 for the purpose, and the list will be given to the 
 starter, who will tell off the jockeys in their proper 
 places, before calling them up to start. Any joc- 
 
 * The Judge of Newmarket. 
 
328 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 key taking a wrong place to be fined £5. The 
 starter to have authority to order any jockey riding 
 a restive or vicious horse, to drop out of his place, 
 and start at the extreme left of the line. 
 
 First Day, 1839. —The Craven Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each ; three yrs. old, 7st. ; four, 8st. 41b. ; five, 
 8st. 101b. ; six and aged, 8st. 12lb, ; one mile 
 and a quarter. To close and name at the Good- 
 wood House Stables before dinner the day before 
 running. 
 
 The Levant Stakes of 50 sovs. each, 30 ft. ; for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. ; and fillies, 8st. 31b. ;, 
 the winner of the July or Chesterfield stakes, or 
 either of the two yrs. old stakes at Ascot, to carry 
 51b. extra ; half a mile. 
 
 The Drawing-room Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 
 with a bonus by an independent subscription of 
 10 sovs. each ; non-subscribers to the bonus can- 
 not be members of the sweepstakes ; but a sub- 
 scriber to one bonus is entitled to name one horse 
 to the sweepstakes not his own property, or any 
 number of horses bona fide his own property ; for 
 three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b. ; and fillies, 8st. 21b. ; 
 the whinner of the Derby or Oaks to carry 81b. 
 extra ; the second horse for either, 41b. extra ; 
 once round. Drawing-room Stakes Course ; the 
 second horse to receive 100 sovs. out of the stakes. 
 The whinner to pay 25 sovs. to the judge. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 300 sovs. each, h. ft. ; colts, 8st. 
 71b. ; fillies, 8st. 21b. ; to run at four yrs. old ; 
 
BRITISH TURF. 329 
 
 the King's plate course, about three miles and 
 three quarters. 
 
 Second Day. — The Goodwood Stakes of 25 sovs. 
 each. 15 ft. and only 5 if declared on or before the 
 second Tuesday after the Ascot Meeting ; the 
 winner of any class of the Gloucestershire, Somer- 
 setshn^e, or Tradesmen's cup at Liverpool July 
 Meeting, to carry 51b. extra ; of any two of these 
 stakes 71b. extra ; the second horse to receive 50 
 sovs. from the stakes ; cup course. Three to ac- 
 cept or no race. To close and name to Messrs. 
 Weatherby on the Tuesday after Epsom. The 
 weights to be declared the Monday after Ascot. 
 
 The Cowdray Stakes of 25 sovs. each ; for two 
 yrs. old, 7st., and three, 9st. 21b. ; f. allowed 31b. ; 
 the winner to be sold for 150 sovs. if demanded, 
 &c., T. Y. C. 
 
 Third Day. — The Racing Stakes of 50 sovs. 
 each, for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 
 8st. 41b. ; the winner of the July, Clearwell, Cri- 
 terion, or Prendergast stakes, to carry 31b. extra ; 
 of either the Riddlesworth, Column, Newmarket^ 
 2000 gs., lOOOgs., or Drawing-room Stakes, and the 
 winner of the St. James's Palace stakes, and 100 
 sovs. produce stakes at Ascot, to carry 61b. extra ; 
 a winner of both Derby and drawing-room stakes 
 to carry 121b. extra; the new mile. 
 
 The Molecomb Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; 
 for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and fillies, 8st. 41b.; 
 T. Y. C. ; a winner before starting (matches and 
 
330 HISTORY OF TPIE 
 
 handicaps excepted) to carry 51b. extra ; the wmner 
 of the Levant stakes to carry 71b. extra ; no horse 
 to carry more than 71b. extra. 
 
 The Goodwood Cup, value 300 sovs., the rest in 
 specie, by subscriptions of 20 sovs. each, with 
 100 added by the racing fund ; cup course ; three 
 yrs. old, 7st. 4ib. ; four, 9st. lib. ; five, 9st. 91b. ; 
 six and aged, 9st. 121b. ; m. allowed 41b., g. 71b., 
 horses, &c., got by Arabian, Turkish, or Persian 
 stallions, or out of Arabian, Turkish, or Persian 
 mares, allowed 181b, both 361b. Horses, &c., bred in 
 America, or upon the continent of Europe, allowed 
 141b. ; horses having run at the York Spring, 
 Liverpool §^ring, Chester, Manchester, or Newton 
 races, 1839, allowed 31b. ; ditto at Liverpool July 
 races, 1839, allowed 51b. ; and ditto in Scotland 
 or in Ireland, in 1839, 71b. deduction of weight 
 from what they would have otherwise to carry ; 
 (those hereinunder specified as carrying extra 
 weight excepted,) never having w^on £100 in- 
 cluding their own stake, at any one time in 1839, 
 previous to the day of starting, and not having 
 been placed in the Derby or Oaks of 1839, allowed 
 51b. Four yrs. old and upwards, never having 
 won or received as second horse £100 including 
 their own stakes, at any one time in 1838 or 1839, 
 previous to the day of starting, and not having 
 been placed in the Derby or St. Leger of 1838 
 (those hereinunder specified as carrying extra 
 weight excepted) allowed 101b, Five yrs. old and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 331 
 
 upwards, never having won or received as second 
 liorse £100 including their own stake at any one 
 time in 1837-38, or 39, previous to the day of 
 starting (those hereinunder specified as carrying 
 extra weight excepted) allowed 1 61b. Maiden three 
 yrs. old, not having been placed in the Derby or 
 Oaks of 1839, allowed 81b. : maiden four vrs. old, 
 not having been placed in the Derby or St. Leger, 
 1838, (those hereinunder specified as carrying 
 extra weight excepted) allowed 181b. ; maiden six 
 yrs. old (those hereinunder specified as carrying 
 extra weight excepted) allowed 281b. The second 
 horse in any stake having received £100 including 
 his own stake, not to be considered maiden. The 
 winner of the gold cup at Ascot in 1839, to carry 
 51b. ; the second, 21b. extra. The winner of the Port 
 Stakes, or Eclipse foot in 1839, to carry 31b. extra. 
 The winner of the Ascot, Goodwood, or Doncaster 
 cups, or of the Derby, or Doncaster St. Leger in 
 1838, to carry 21b. extra. The winner of the 
 Derby in 1839, to carry 81b. extra; the second, 
 31b. extra. The winner of the Derby in 1839 to 
 carry 81b. extra ; the second, 31b. extra. The 
 winner of the Oaks in 1839 to carry 71b. ; the 
 second, 21b. extra. The winner of the Drawing-room 
 Stakes in 1839 to carry 51b extra. Neither the al- 
 lowances of weight for not winning, nor the penalties 
 of extra wxight for winning and for running second, 
 are to be accumulative. The second horse to re- 
 ceive £100 out of the stakes. Horses having v. on 
 
332 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 abroad not to be considered winners in this stake. 
 To close to Messrs. Weatherby on Tuesday in 
 the Craven Meeting, and to name on the Tuesday 
 after Epsom. 
 
 The Duke of Richmond's Plate of 100 sovs. ; 
 last mile. 
 
 The Queen's Plate of 100 sovs. ; plate course. 
 
 The Anglesea Stakes of 15 sovs. each, for three 
 yrs. old and upwards. 
 
 Friday. — The March Stakes of 10 sovs. each, 
 5 ft. if declared by nine o'clock the preceding 
 evening ; a handicap for horses of all ages ; to be 
 ridden by members of the Goodwood Club. Horses 
 to be named on the second day, and the weights 
 declared by four o'clock the day before running ; 
 heats, the last three quarters of a mile of the Draw- 
 ing-room Stakes Course. If twelve acceptances, to 
 be divided into two classes, and to run only one 
 heat ; the winner of the two classes to run for the 
 £5 fts., staking £10 each, and carrying 61b extra; 
 and any horse who has started, to be allowed to 
 challenge for the fts., carrying the original weights. 
 If only one class, the £5 fts. to be divided between 
 the first and second horses. 
 
 East Sussex Hunt, over Lewes race-course. — 
 These races for Farmers' and Hunters' Stakes, 
 take place about the middle of April, and occupy 
 one day. 
 
 Hastings and St. Leonards. — Hastings, the 
 principal of the cinque-ports, is pleasantly situated 
 
BRITISH TURF. 333 
 
 in a vale, open to the sea on the south, 69 miles 
 (E.) from Chichester, and 64^ (S. E.) from London, 
 and contains about 6000 inhabitants. At the dis- 
 tance of eight miles from the town, on a spot on 
 which he subsequently built the Abbey of Battel, 
 William the Conqueror defeated Harold in that 
 battle which decided the fate of England. The 
 mildness and salubrity of the air render this town 
 a favourite resort of invalids, for whose amusement 
 there are many places of public resort. 
 
 The races, which were established in 1827, take 
 place about the end of September, and continue 
 two days. In addition to the Town Plate of .50 
 so vs., and the St. Leonards' Plate of the same 
 amount, about 100 sovs. is given aw^ay in stakes 
 from the fund. 
 
 Lewes. — The chief town of the county, is si- 
 tuated on the river Ouse, 7 miles from Brighton, 
 38 from Chichester, and 50 (S. by E.) from Lon- 
 don, and contains 7083 inhabitants. This town 
 contains concert and subscription rooms, public 
 libraries, &c., and a small theatre which is open dur- 
 ing the race week. The race-course is one of the 
 finest four-mile courses in the kingdom, and has a 
 commodious stand, erected in 1772. It is situated 
 on the downs in the neighbourhood of the tow^n, 
 which are of a chalky soil, and covered with the 
 rich herbage which gives to the famous South- 
 Down mutton its admired flavour. The races 
 take place about the middle of August, and con- 
 
334 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tirme two days, for the following principal plates 
 and stakes, viz. : — 
 
 The Lewes' Stakes of 20 sovs. each, with 50 
 added. 
 
 The Members' Plate of £50. Her Majesty's 
 Plate of 100 gs. A Plate of £50, for all ages. 
 
 A Handicap Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each, with 
 40 added. 
 
 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 Birmingham. — A large town in the hundred of 
 Hemlingford, 109 miles from London. It stands on 
 the verge of the two counties of Worcester and 
 Salop ; so that some of the villages, which may be 
 fairly considered as suburbs to Birmingham, are in 
 reality in those counties. This town has a dirty and 
 gloomy appearance, from the nature of the extensive 
 manufacturies, mostly carried on by machinery, 
 kept in motion by steam. Most of the streets are 
 narrow, and crooked, and the houses are in general 
 small, and mean looking. Every article of gold, . 
 silver, iron, steel, copper, brass-mined metals; 
 glass, wood, horn, ivory and stone — from the 
 smallest trinket to the ponderous anchor, cannon 
 or chain-cable — are manufactured here. Notwith- 
 standing the smoke and steam of the numerous 
 engines, this town is said to be remarkably healthy 
 The places of worship are numerous, more particu- 
 larly those of dissenters 3 while the places of amuse- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 335 
 
 menf are few. The inhabitants at different periods 
 have been as follows, viz :— in 1801, 73,670 ; in 
 1811, 85,753 ; in 1821, 106,722. 
 
 Two days' racing takes place here in the be- 
 ginning of October, but the stakes being few and 
 of trifling value for so large and wealthy a town, 
 they attract a poor attendance both of company and 
 horses. The principal stakes run for in 1838 were 
 the Birmingham Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 50 
 added ; and a silver cup, value 40 sovs. added to a 
 Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each, for all ages. 
 
 Coventry. — An ancient city, and a county of it- 
 self; 10 miles from Warwick, 18 from Bir- 
 mingham, and 91 (N.N.W.) from London. The 
 river Shirburn and the Radford brook unite within 
 the town, which contains 21,242 inhabitants. The 
 weaving of ribbands forms the staple trade of the 
 town. The theatre is open during the races, which 
 take place in the middle of March, and continue 
 two days. In addition to a silver cup, about £100 
 raised by subscription, is given away in stakes. 
 
 Warwick. — The capital of the county, pleasant- 
 ly situated on the river Avon, 90 miles (N.W.) 
 from London, and containing 8,235 inhabitants* 
 The castle is one of the most splendid and entire 
 specimens of feudal grandeur in the kingdom. 
 Many of the public buildings of this ancient town 
 are handsomely constructed, and it contains several 
 valuable institutions. The theatre is opened during 
 the race week, by the Cheltenham company ; there 
 
336 HISTORY OF THK 
 
 are also news, and other public rooms ; assemblies 
 are held in the town-hall, and for larger meetings, 
 and during the races, in the county hall. 
 
 The races are held twice in the year ; the spring 
 races generally take place about the middle of 
 March, and last one day; they are much patronized 
 by the visitors and inhabitants of Leamington, the 
 ladies of which place give a plate of £25 ; and 50 
 sovs. are added to the Trial Stakes by the town of 
 Warwick, and 30 more by the stand proprietors. 
 The autumnal races take place in the first week of 
 September, and continue for three days ; at this 
 meeting, the Queen's Plate of lOOgs. the Town 
 Plate of £50, the Members' Plate of £50, the War- 
 wick cup of £100, the Guy, Leamington, and other 
 stakes are run for. 
 
 The course is a fine level, with a little rising 
 ground in one part, and has lately undergone such 
 improvements, that it may now justly rank as one 
 of the best in the kingdom ; the grand stand, which 
 is handsome and commodious, affords every accom- 
 modation to the numerous visitors. 
 
 WILTSHIRE, 
 
 Salisbury. — ^This city is pleasantly situated near 
 the confluence of the rivers Nadder and Willey, 
 with the Avon, 82 miles (S.W. by W.) from Lon- 
 don, and contains 8,763 inhabitants. Its magni- 
 ficent cathedral, the highest in England, being 400 
 
BRITISH TURF. 337 
 
 feet from the pavement to the summit of its spire, 
 is visible at a great distance from the plain in the 
 centre of which the city is situated. This town 
 contains a small theatre, subscription rooms, and 
 public hbraries, &c. The races take place about 
 the middle of August, and continue two days, the 
 list of sport being generally excellent on both 
 days. 
 
 The following are the principal plates and stakes : 
 the Wiltshire Stakes of 25 so vs., &c., with 50 ad- 
 ded ; the Produce Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each ; 
 Her Majesty's Plate, value 100 gs. ; a Silver Cup, 
 to be run for by the yeomanry ; the City Members* 
 Plate of 50 sovs., and the gold cup by subscription 
 of 10 sovs. each. 
 
 Staverton. — A small town 2^ miles from Trow- 
 bridge, and about 120 miles from London. Races 
 are held here about the end of April, but they are 
 merely of local interest. 
 
 WORCESTERSHIRE. 
 
 Bromyard. — On the river Brome, 14 miles from 
 Hereford, and 126 from London, and containing 
 2,767 inhabitants. 
 
 One day's racing about the middle of August. 
 The Broxash Stakes of 3 sovs. each, with 30 added, 
 for half-bred horses. 
 
 The All-aged Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 50 
 added. 
 
 VOL. I. z 
 
338 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Dudley. — Twenty-six miles from Worcester, and 
 127 (N.W. byN.) fromLondon; containing 18,211 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Two days' racing about the end of June. The 
 Dudley Castle Stakes, 5 sovs. each, with 30 added. 
 The Worcestershire Stakes, 5 sovs. each, with 25 
 added. 
 
 The West Bromwich Stakes, with 20 sovs. added; 
 and the Tradesmen's Purse of 50 sovs. 
 
 Stowebridge. — On the river Stow, 21 miles from 
 Worcester, and 124 (N.W.) from London ; con- 
 taining 5090 inhabitants. It contains a small 
 theatre, assembly rooms, library, &c. 
 
 Two days' racing about the end of August. 
 A purse of 50 sovs. given by the county members'. 
 The stand purse of 50 sovs. The Town Plate of 50 
 sovs. The Cup Stakes, about 100 sovs. value. 
 
 Tenbury. — On the river Teme, 22 miles from 
 Worcester, and 134 (N.W. by W,) from London. 
 Races are held about the middle of June, on a 
 good course, about a mile south of the town, and 
 continue two days. The sport is very inferior ; the 
 principal race being for the plate of £50 given by 
 the Members for West Worcestershire. 
 
 Upton upon Severn. — Ten miles from Worcester, 
 and 109 (N.W. by W.) from London, containing 
 2,319 inhabitants. It contains a subscription 
 library, and assembly rooms, &c. The races take 
 place about the end of August. The principal 
 stakes are, the Ham Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 
 
BRITISH TURF. 339 
 
 25 added ; the Upton Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 
 20 added, and the Selhng Stakes, same amount, &c. 
 
 Worcester. — The capital of the county ; plea- 
 santly situated on the banks of the Severn, 111 
 miles (N.W. by W.) from London, and contains 
 about 17,000 inhabitants. This fine old town con- 
 tains many splendid edifices, and several valuable 
 institutions. The theatre is a neat and appro- 
 priate building, open during the races. The town 
 contains concert and assembly rooms, subscription 
 libraries, public baths, &c. 
 
 The principal races take place about the begin- 
 ning of August, and continue two days. Another 
 meeting is held the first week in November. The 
 course is on Pitchcroft m^eadow, near the city, 
 where a grand stand has been erected on the mar- 
 gin of the Severn, by which the course is bounded 
 on one side. 
 
 The stakes &c., run for at Worcester August 
 meeting, are : — , 
 
 The Worcestershire Stakes of 20 sovs. h. ft., 
 and only 5 if declared, &c., with 20 added ; two 
 miles. 
 
 The Malvern Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 20 
 added ; for two and three yrs. old ; three quarters 
 of a mile. — The winner of the value of £100 at 
 any time previous to starting, to carry 41b. 
 extra. 
 
 The Severn Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 ad- 
 ded ; one mile and a quarter. 
 
 z2 
 
340 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Gold Cup, by subscription of 10 sovs. each, 
 the amount of the subscription to be paid to the 
 winner in specie ; three miles. 
 
 A Sweepstake of 25 sovs. each, with 25 added ; 
 for two yrs. old colts, and fillies. T. Y. C. 
 
 A Sweepstake of 10 sovs. each, with 10 added ; 
 for horses not thorough-bred. 
 
 The City Members' Plate. 
 
 The Hunters' Stakes. 
 
 These races are subject to the established rules 
 and regulations of Newmarket. 
 
 Mr. Wm. Tolley, of Worcester, 
 
 Clerk of the course. 
 
 Another meeting is held in November, but 
 chiefly for Hunters' Stakes, and ridden for by 
 gentlemen. 
 
 YORKSHIRE. 
 
 The North and East Ridings of this county have 
 long been celebrated for the breeding and rearing of 
 coach and saddle horses ; and if not inferior, they 
 are at all events not surpassed by any other part of 
 England, in the excellency of their horses for the 
 field, the road and the armv. 
 
 The principal fairs for horses of every descrip- 
 tion are at Beverly, Howden, Malton, Hull, and 
 York ; and these fairs are the places to which the 
 principal London dealers resort, to purchase their 
 
BRITISH TURF. 341 
 
 stocks. At the fair held at Hull, great numbers of 
 colts and fillies are purchased by the farmers and 
 graziers of Lincolnshire and Leicestershire &c., who 
 keep them until they are four years old, when they 
 are sold to the London dealers at Horncastle fair. 
 This county has also long been celebrated in the 
 annals of racing, many of our most famous race 
 horses having been bred and trained here ; in ad- 
 dition to which, it contains two of the principal 
 race courses in England, Doncaster and York. 
 
 Beverly. — Nine miles from Kingston upon Hull, 
 29 from York, and 183 (N.) from London, contain- 
 ing 6,728 inhabitants. The theatre, built in 1805, 
 is open during the races, in addition to which 
 place of amusement, this town contains assembly 
 rooms, libraries, &c. : the environs abound with 
 rich and diversified scenery. 
 
 The races, which take place in the beginning of 
 June, and continue three days, are held about a 
 mile from the town, on Hurn-rmeadow, one of the 
 four common pastures belonging to the corpo- 
 ration, on which an elegant and commodious stand 
 has been erected. 
 
 The principal stakes, &c. are as follows : 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. for colts and 
 fillies not thorough bred ; one mile and a half. 
 
 The Gold Cup stakes of 10 sovs. each, and only 
 5 ft. if declared bv the 21st. of March, with 50 
 sovs. added by the town -, once round and a dis- 
 tance. 
 
342 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Hotham stakes of 15 sovs. each, 5ft. with 
 20 added. The Members' plate of £50. 
 
 The Kingston stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 20 
 added, for horses that never won £100 before 
 naming; f. and g. allowed 31b. A winner before 
 starting, to carry 31b. extra ; the owner of the 
 second horse to receive back his stakes. King- 
 ston course. 
 
 The Handicap stakes of 10 sovs. each with 25 
 added. 
 
 Burton-Constable. — A small hamlet four and 
 a half miles from Middleham, and about 238 from 
 London. — (See Middleham). 
 
 Races take place here early in spring for hunters' 
 stakes only. 
 
 Catterick Bridge. — The township of Catterick is 
 situated five miles, (S. E.) from Richmond, and 
 eight miles from Northallerton ; and about a mile 
 north from the town is Catterick bridge, over the 
 river Swale, on which was formerly a chapel ; op- 
 posite this is a race course, where races have here 
 been held annually for many years. 
 
 The races take place in Easter w^eek, and con- 
 tinue two days. 
 
 First dav. — The Craven stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, m. and g. allowed 51b ; Craven course. 
 
 Two yrs. old sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft. 
 for colts, 8st. 31b ; and fillies 8st. one mile. 
 
 The Claret stakes of 18 sovs. each, with 15 added 
 from the club fund ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; two 
 
BRITISH TURF. 343 
 
 miles ; the winner to give 2 gs. to Mr. Orton the 
 judge. 
 
 Second Day. — The Champagne stakes of 20 
 sovs. each, with 15 added from the club fund ; for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8st. 31b. ; and fillies 8st. three 
 quarters of a mile ; the winners to give 2 gs. to Mr. 
 Orton the judge. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft. for three old 
 fillies 8st. each ; a mile and a half. 
 
 The three yrs. old produce stakes. 
 
 The Gold Cup, or specie, at the option of the 
 winner, by subscription of 10 sovs. each; m. 
 and g. allowed 31b. ; two miles. 
 
 The Borough handicap of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft. 
 and 5 only if declared to the clerk of the course, by 
 the 1st. of March ; the weights to be published on 
 the 1st. of January ; mile and a half. 
 
 Mr. G. Wade, Clerk of the course. 
 
 Doncaster. — This place, the Donum of Antoni- 
 nus, a Roman station on the river Don, was called 
 by the Saxons, Bona Ceaster, from which its pre- 
 sent name is derived. 
 
 The town of Doncaster is pleasantly situated 
 on the southern bank of the river Don, in the 
 wapentake of Strafforth and Tickhill, West Rid- 
 ing of the county, and is 37 miles (S. by W.) 
 from York, and 162 (N. N. W.) from London. It 
 contains about 10,000 inhabitants, and consists of 
 
344 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 several streets, of which the high street, about a mile 
 in length, is the principal, and is considered to be 
 the best for width, length and the elegance of the 
 houses, on the road from London to Edinburgh. 
 The town is well paved and lighted by gas, and 
 the inhabitants are supplied with water, by means 
 of water- works, near the Friar's bridge, from 
 a reservoir at the top of the High street. An 
 elegant cross, in the later style of English ar- 
 chitecture, has been erected on Hall-cross-hill, 
 in place of a rude and ancient structure of a similar 
 kind. 
 
 The town-hall, and the mansion house, are hand- 
 some and commodious buildings, and in the latter, 
 assemblies and concerts are held during the race 
 week, during which the theatre, a fine building 
 erected by the corporation, is also opened. 
 
 A line of railroad is now open from London to 
 Derby ; but on arriving at this town, so great is the 
 confusion and difficulty in obtaining speedy and 
 convenient conveyance on to Doncaster, as proved 
 at the races for the present season (1839), that the 
 long coaches still obtain the preference. The best 
 of these, the Rockingham, which starts from 
 Mountain's Yard, at the Saracen's Head, Snow 
 Hill, (the oldest coaching establishment in Lon- 
 don,) has long been a favourite conveyance with the 
 northern sportsmen, and is generally admitted to 
 be one of the best instances which can be produced, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 345 
 
 of the superiority of British over continental travel- 
 ling. 
 
 The races, which are annually held in Septem- 
 ber, a fortnight previous to the first Newmarket 
 October meeting, and continue a week, are pro- 
 ductive of much benefit to the visitors, not only 
 from London, but even the most distant parts of 
 the kingdom, and who expend large sums. 
 
 The all-attractive feature of these races, the Gt. 
 St. Leger stakes, have increased in popularity and 
 importance, from the first moment of their estab- 
 lishment to the present day. These celebrated 
 stakes had their origin in 1776, when we find, on 
 reference to the Racing Calendar for that year, that 
 a sweepstakes of 25 gs. each, for three year old 
 colts, 8st., fillies 7st. 121bs. one two mile heat, was 
 run for on the 24th. of September ; 6 subscribers. 
 
 This stake was won by a brown bay filly of Lord 
 Rockingham's, by Sampson beating five others.* 
 Old Singleton, the jockey who rode her, died about 
 1801. 
 
 But it was not until 1778, that this race was 
 announced in the Racing Calendar, as the St. Leger 
 stakes. Col. St. Leger, who lived at that period, 
 at Park Hill, near Doncaster, suggested the idea 
 
 * In this race, she beat Col. St. Leger's bay filly, by Surley, Mr. 
 Wentworth's Oretus by Dodge, Lord Scarborough's chest-colt, by 
 Remus, and Mr. Foljambes' bay filly, by a son of Black Sky. She 
 started several times afterwards, but was unsuccessful. 
 
346 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of running annually for a sweepstakes, on the 
 terms and conditions we have given above. At a 
 dinner on the entry day, in 1777 at the Red Lion 
 inn, Doncaster, the Marquis of Rockingham being 
 in the chair, this race was named by that noble- 
 man the St. Leger in compliment to its founder the 
 colonel. 
 
 In 1832, the stakes were altered to 50 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. the present weights being for colts, 
 8st. 61bs. ; and fillies 8st. 31bs. ; and the owner 
 of the second horse receives 100 sovs. out of the 
 stakes. 
 
 Doncaster race course is nearly flat, and about 
 one mile, seven furlongs, and seventy yards in cir- 
 cumference. The other courses are portions of 
 this circle, viz : 
 
 Four mile courses (twice round) 
 
 Two mile course. 
 
 St. Leger course. 
 
 Fitzwilliam course. 
 
 Two yrs. old course. 
 
 Red house in 
 
 Cup course. 
 
 m. 
 
 f. 
 
 y- 
 
 . 3 
 
 7 
 
 219 
 
 . 2 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 . 1 
 
 6 
 
 132 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 . 
 
 7 
 
 189 
 
 . 
 
 5 
 
 164 
 
 . 2 
 
 5 
 
 
 Between 2 and 3000 spectators can be accom- 
 modated in the grand stand, in addition to which 
 are numerous permanent erections devoted to the 
 pleasure and convenience of the public. ■ 
 
 The following is a list of the principal stakes 
 and plates run for at this meeting. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 347 
 
 Monday. — The Fitzwilliam stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, with 30 added by the corporation ; three yrs. 
 old 7st. 51b. ; four, 8st. 51b. ; five, 8st. 121b ; 
 six, and aged 9st. a mile and a half. To close and 
 name on the day of entering for the plates, be- 
 tween the hours of two and four in the afternoon, 
 to the clerk of the course. 
 
 The Champagne stakes of 50 sovs each, h. ft. 
 for two year old colts, 8st. 51b. ; and fillies Sst. 
 31b. ; the winner to give six dozen of champagne 
 to the Doncaster racing club. Red house inn. 
 
 Free handicap of 10 sovs. each, with 30 added by 
 the corporation. 
 
 Her Majesty's plate of 100 gs. 
 
 Tuesday. — The St. Leger stakes of 50 sovs. each, 
 h. ft., for three years old colts, Sst. 7lb. ; and 
 fillies, Sst. 21b. ; the owner of the second horse 
 to receive 100 sovs. out of the stakes ; St. Leger's 
 course. 
 
 The Cleveland Stakes, of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. if 
 declared &c., with 50 added by the Duke of Cleve- 
 land, and 50 by the corporation ; one mile. 
 
 Produce Stakes of 100 sovs. each, h, ft., for two 
 yrs. old colts, Sst. 51b., and fillies, Sst. 31b. Red- 
 house inn. 
 
 Wednesday. — The Foal Stakes, of 100 sovs. 
 each, h. ft. for three yrs. old colts ; one mile and 
 a half. 
 
 The Selling Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 30 
 added by the corporation ; the winner to be sold 
 
348 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 for 200 sovs. if demanded, &c. St. Leger course. 
 The Corporation Plate of £50 ; mares allowed 31b.; 
 two mile heats. 
 
 Thursday.— The Three years old Stakes, of 200 
 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for colts, 8st. 61b. and fillies 8st. 
 31b. ; St. Leger course. 
 
 The Gold Cup, value 150 gs. given by the Stew- 
 ards, with 50 sovs. added by the corporation ; three 
 yrs. old, 7st. ; four, 8st. 31b. ; five, Sst. 101b. ; six, 
 and aged, 9st. ; the winner of the St. Leger to 
 carry 31b. extra ; to start at the Eed House, and 
 run once round to the ending post. 
 
 The Two years old Stakes of 20 sovs. each, for 
 colts, Sst. 51b., and fillies, Sst. 21b. T. Y. C. 
 
 The Gascoigne Stakes of 100 sovs. each, 30 ft. 
 for three yrs. old colts, Sst. 61b., and fillies, Sst. 
 31b. ; the winner of the St. Leger to carry 71b. 
 extra ; one mile. 
 
 Friday. — The Scarborough Stakes, of 30 sovs. 
 each, 10 ft. for three yrs. old colts, Sst. 61b., and 
 fillies, Sst. 31b. ; the winner of the St. Leger to 
 carry 71b. extra ; one mile. 
 
 The Filly Stakes, of 20 sovs. each, for three yrs. 
 old. Sst. 41b. each. St. Leger course. 
 
 The Hornby Castle Stakes, of 20 sovs. each ; 
 50 added by the corporation ; for three yrs. old 
 and upwards ; two miles. 
 
 The Victoria Handicap of 5 sovs. each, with 25 
 added for beaten horses, &c. 
 
 The Town Plate of £100 for three yrs. old, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 349 
 
 7st. 5lb., and four, 8st. 71b., &c. ; two mile 
 heats. 
 
 J. Lock wood, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 Holderness Hunt. — Several stakes got up by 
 the gentlemen of this hunt, are run for, at the end 
 of the hunting season, over Beverley race-course. 
 They are, for the most part, hunters' stakes. 
 
 Middleham. — On the river Ure ; 44 miles from 
 York, and 234 fN.N.W.) from London, containing 
 between 8 and 900 inhabitants. About half a 
 mile from the town is Middleham moor, a noted 
 place for training horses, and on which races are 
 held annually, about the commencement of No- 
 vember ; they are, however, of little interest. 
 
 Northallerton, or AUerton (North). — Thirty-tw^o 
 miles from York, and 224 (N.N.W.) from London, 
 containing 2,626 inhabitants. At Cow^ton Moor, 
 about three miles from the town, was fought, in 
 1138, the celebrated battle of the Standard. The 
 races take place towards the middle of October, 
 and continue two days. 
 
 1st. Day. — Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, with 
 20 added, for two yrs. old colts and fillies. T. Y. C. 
 
 The Town Plate of £50, for maiden horses ; 
 heats, 2 miles. 
 
 2nd Day. — The gold cup, value lOOgs, by a sub- 
 scription of 10 sovs. each, for all ages ; two 
 miles. 
 
 Silver Cup, value £50, by a subscription of 5 
 
350 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 sovs. each, for maiden horses, &c. ; heats, 2 
 miles. 
 
 3rd Day.— Plate of £50, for all ages ; 2 mile heats. 
 
 These races, like many others, are most unne- 
 cessarily protracted to three days, — the list of 
 sport being barely sufficient for two. 
 
 Richmond. — This town is beautifully situated 
 on the banks of the river Swale, 44 miles from 
 York, and 234 (N.N.W.) from London, containing 
 2,546 inhabitants. Richmond gives the title of 
 Duke to the noble family of Lennox. The races 
 take place in the beginning of September, and 
 continue two days ; they are held on Whitcliffe 
 pasture, which is a common meadow belonging to 
 the town, and which affords an excellent course. 
 The principal stakes are. 
 
 The Borough Member's Plate, of £70. 
 
 The Dundas Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 20 
 added by the Earl of Zetland. 
 
 The Gold Cup, by subscription of 10 gs. each, 
 for horses of all ages. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, for two yrs. old 
 colts and fillies. 
 
 Ripon. — Rivers Ure and Skill, 23 miles from 
 York, and 212 (N.N.W.) from London, containing 
 4,563 inhabitants. The races take place towards 
 the end of August, and continue two days. The 
 course has been much improved lately, and is now 
 in excellent order. The following is a list of the 
 principal stakes : 
 
BRITISH TURF. 851 
 
 1st Day. — Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, for 
 three yrs. old, 8st. 51b. ; f. and g. allowed 31b. ; 
 one mile and a half. 
 
 The Two' yrs. old Stakes, of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. 
 for colts, 8st. 51b. ; fillies and geldings, 8st. 21b. ; 
 half a mile. 
 
 A Silver Cup, value 20 sovs. by subscriptions of 
 5 sovs. each, with 20 added by the Race Com- 
 mittee, for horses that never won 100 sovs. at any 
 one time before starting; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; 
 two miles. 
 
 Fifty pounds given by the Right Hon. Sir Ed- 
 ward Sugden, and Thomas Pemberton, Esq. mem- 
 bers for the city of Ripon, for horses that never 
 won that value ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; two mile 
 heats. Entrance, 3 sovs. each, to go to the owner 
 of the second horse. 
 
 Second Day. — City Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. 
 each, h. ft., f. and g. allowed 31b. ; half a mile. 
 
 The Selling Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 
 added by the Race Committee ; m. and g. allowed 
 31b. ; the winner to be sold for 150 sovs. if demand- 
 ed in the usual way ; one mile and a half. 
 
 The St. Winifred's Gold Cup, value 100 sovs. 
 by subscriptions of 10 sovs. each, with 20 added 
 by the Race Committee ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; 
 two miles. 
 
 Fifty pounds given by the members of the cor- 
 poration of Ripon and the inhabitants ; m. and g. 
 allowed 31b. ; a winner once before starting in the 
 
352 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 same year to carry 31b., twice, 51b. extra ; and 
 horses having run three times in the same year, be- 
 fore starting, and not having won, allowed 31b. ; 
 two mile heats. Entrance, 3 sovs. each, to go to 
 the owner of the second horse. 
 
 Mr. Plews, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 York. — A city and county of itself, 198 miles 
 fN.N.W.) from London. This city is pleasantly 
 situated on the banks of the Ouse, and is about 
 three miles in circumference, containing 20,787 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 There are six bridges ; the principal of which, 
 over the Ouse, was begun in 1810, and completed 
 in 1820, at an expense of £80,000. This ancient 
 and wealthy city contains one of the finest cathedrals 
 in England, in which the York musical festivals 
 (instituted in 1823,) are held. The theatre is open 
 during the races ; in addition to which place of 
 amusement, are various subscription and concert 
 rooms, public baths, &c. &c. and various pubhc 
 institutions dedicated to art and science. 
 
 Races were instituted at this city, in the reign of 
 Queen Anne, in 1709, eighteen years previous to 
 the appearance of John Cheny's Racing Calender, 
 in which the races are recorded from that period. 
 These races were first held on Clifton and Rawclifl^e 
 Ings, about one mile and a half (N.W.) of the city. 
 In 1 71 1 , Her Majesty, Queen Anne, gave a gold cup 
 value 100 gs. to be run for; which she continued 
 
BRITISH TURF. 353 
 
 to give annually until her demise in 1714. George I. 
 gave a cup of the same value until 1720, since 
 which period the Royal Plates have been paid in 
 specie. 
 
 At York Au^gust races, 1730, in consequence of 
 heavy rains, the river Ouse was so much swelled 
 as to overflow a great part of the race course ; which 
 made it necessary to postpone the racing for that 
 day's Royal Plate, until the Saturday following, 
 after which it was agreed that for the future the 
 races should be run for over Knavesmire. 
 
 Knavesmire is situated rather more than a mile 
 south of York, on the road to Tadcaster, on a large 
 plain, which is a dead flat, and in many parts moist ; 
 but great pains have been taken by building arches, 
 &c. in draining it, and it is now one of the finest 
 race courses in the kingdom. 
 
 The first race ran over Knavesmire, was for the 
 King's guineas ia 1731, and although the course 
 laid down by Mr. Telford, (an alderman of the city 
 of York,) gave much satisfaction on that occasion, 
 it was afterwards found that a round course would 
 be preferable ; the turn in running round, what 
 is called the basin, being found exceedingly awk- 
 ward, and even dangerous. 
 
 In 1753 a subscription was opened by the nobili- 
 ty and gentry of York, under the patronage of the 
 Marquis of Rockingham, for erecting a grand stand. 
 A considerable sum having been subscribed, a 
 lease for 99 years was granted by the corporation 
 
 VOL. I. A A 
 
354 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 of the city of York, and a suitable building was 
 designed and erected by Mr. Carr the architect, and 
 which was completed in 1754. On the ground 
 floor of the stand are convenient offices, and rooms 
 for general accommodation ; on the second floor 
 is a large handsome room, with a projecting ba- 
 lustrade, the front of which is upwards of 90 feet 
 in length, supported by a rustic arcade, 15 feet 
 high, from which the company enjoy a fine view of 
 the races, and the surrounding scenery. The triers- 
 stand or round house, is situated at some distance 
 from the grand stand, and nearly opposite the win- 
 ning post, and on the left of this building is placed 
 the judge's chair. 
 
 The four mile course is three miles seven fur- 
 longs twenty-four yards, or 196 yards short of four 
 miles. 
 
 The following is a list of the meetings, and the 
 principal stakes and plates run for at each. 
 
 YORK SPRING MEETING. 
 (held about the end of APRIL.) 
 
 First day. — The Craven Stakes of lOsovs. each, 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. ; one mile and a quarter. 
 To close on the last dav of Catterick races, and 
 name on the dav of entrance. 
 
 The York Derby Stakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 with 50 added ; for three yrs. old colts, 8st 71b., 
 and fillies 8st. 21b. ; one mile and a half. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 355 
 
 Produce Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. for 
 two yrs. old colts, 8st. 31b., and fillies, 8st. ; those 
 got by untried stallions, or out of mares whose 
 produce never won, allowed 31b. T. Y. C. 
 
 The two yrs. old stakes of 30 sovs. each, h. ft. 
 for colts 8st. 51b., and fillies 8st. 21b. T. Y. C. 
 
 Second day. — The Shorts, of 50 sovs. each,h. ft. 
 for three yrs. old colts, 8st. 51b., and fillies 8st. 21b. ; 
 one mile. 
 
 The York Oaks Stakes, of 50 sovs. each, h. ft., 
 with 50 added, for three yrs. old fillies, 8st. 41b. ; 
 one mile and a half. 
 
 The Raby Castle Stakes, (handicap) of 25 sovs. 
 each; 15 ft. and only 5 if declared on or before 
 the last day of Catterick races ; two miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes of ten sovs. each, for two jts. old, 
 6st. 31b., and three, 8st. 31b. T. Y. C. 
 
 THE AUGUST MEETING. 
 (ABOUT THE END OF THE MONTH.) 
 
 First day. — The Hornley Stakes of 100 sovs. 
 each, h. ft., for tw^o yrs. old colts, 8st. 51b., and 
 fillies, 8st. 2ib. T. Y. C. 
 
 Sw^eepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft., for three yrs. 
 old colts, and fillies ; one mile and a half. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs., &c. 
 
 Second, day. — The Wilton Stakes of 30 sovs. 
 each, h. ft., for two yrs. old colts, and fillies. 
 T. Y. C. 
 
 A A 2 
 
356 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Produce Sweepstakes of 100 so vs. each, h. ft. for 
 three years old ; two miles. 
 
 The Filly Stakes of 25 sovs. each ; 10 ft., for 
 three yrs. old fillies, &c. ; a mile and a half. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs., &c. 
 
 Third day.— Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, for 
 two yrs. old colts, andfilUes. T. Y. C. 
 
 Handicap Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 
 added. T. Y. C. 
 
 The City Members' Plate of £50. 
 
 THE OCTOBER MEETING. 
 (in the beginning of the month.) 
 
 First day. — Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, with 
 20 added, for two yrs. old. T. Y. C. 
 
 The Ladies' Plate. 
 
 Second day. — The All-aged Stakes of 5 sovs., 
 with 20 added by the inhabitants of the city of 
 York ; one mile and a quarter. 
 
 Handicap Stakes of 7 sovs. each ; 3 ft., with 20 
 added. 
 
 In addition to the above, the Yorkshire Union 
 Hunt Club meeting is held here in October, when 
 several stakes and plates subscribed by the club, 
 are raced for by the members. 
 
 WALES. 
 
 BRECKNOCKSHIRE. 
 
 Brecknock. — This town is beautifully situated at 
 the conriuence of the rivers Houddu and Tarrell with 
 
BRITISH TURF. 357 
 
 the Usk; 171 miles (W. by N.) from London, 
 containing 5026 inhabitants. The races are held 
 about the end of September, and continue two 
 
 days. 
 
 On the course, which is near the town, a com- 
 modious stand has been erected. 
 
 The principal stakes are : — 
 
 The Brecknockshire Stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. 
 ft., with 20 added ; two miles. 
 
 The Usk Stakes of 5 sovs. each, 3 ft., with 20 
 added ; for horses not thoroudi-bred ; heats, a 
 mile and three quarters. 
 
 The Ladies' Plate, value £50, for all ages ; two 
 mile heats. 
 
 A Hurdle race. 
 
 The Members' Plate of £50. 
 
 The County Stakes of 2 sovs. each, with a cup 
 added by the stewards, for horses bred in the 
 county of Brecknockshire ; one mile heats. 
 
 The Welter Stakes of 5 sovs. each ; 3 ft., wdth 
 10 added ; one mile heats. 
 
 CARDIGANSHIRE. 
 
 Aberystwyth.— A sea port, &c. ; 38 miles from 
 Cardigan, and 208 (W.N.W.) from London, con- 
 taining 4128 inhabitants. Being much frequented 
 for the benefit of sea bathing, this town offers to 
 its visiters every amusement, luxury and accom- 
 modation, usually found at watering places. 
 
358 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The races here take place abont the middle 
 of August, and continue two days, being gene- 
 rally well and fashionably attended. They are 
 held in a meadow near Gogerddan, about three 
 miles from the town, wdiich affords an excellent 
 course. 
 
 The Johnny Raw Stakes of 50 sovs. each ; 3 ft. 
 with 20 added, for horses that have never started 
 before ; once round, and a distance. 
 
 The Cardiganshire Stakes of 20 sovs. each, 10 
 ft., and only 5 if declared to Messrs Weatherby, or 
 Mr. Rathill, Aberystwyth, on or before the 1st of 
 July ; two miles. Horses to be handicapped and 
 Tveights declared by Messrs Weatherby, on or 
 before the 1st of June. 
 
 The Members' Plate of £50. 
 
 The Ladies' Plate. 
 
 The Hunters' Stakes of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft.; for 
 horses that have been regularly hunted in the 
 counties of Hereford, Monmouth, Salop, and the 
 principality of Wales ; four miles ; 12st. each; 20 
 sovs. added from the fund, if three horses, the 
 property of different persons, start ; gentlemen 
 riders. Nominations to close on the Tuesday 
 preceding the races. 
 
 DENBIGHSHIRE. 
 
 Wrexham. — 24 miles from Denbigh; 16 from 
 Ruthin, and 187 (N.W.) from London. The races 
 
BRITISH TURF. 359 
 
 here take place in the beginning of October, and 
 continue two days. The principal stakes, &c. 
 are as follows : — 
 
 The Bj^n-y-Pys Stakes of 25 sovs. each, for 
 three yrs. old ; once round and a distance. 
 
 A Gold Cup, value 100 sovs., by subscriptions of 
 10 sovs. each; the remainder to be paid to the 
 winner; the winner of the value of £100 in the 
 same year, before the day of starting to carry 31b. 
 extra ; twice, 51b. extra ; thrice round ; m. and g. 
 allowed 21b. The winner of the gold cup to sub- 
 scribe next year. 
 
 The PrincipaUty Stakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft. ; 
 f. and g. allowed 21b. ; T. Y. C, rather more than 
 half-a-mile ; a winner of any stakes or plate of the 
 value of 100 sovs. in that year, previous to the 
 day of starting, to carry 31b. extra. 
 
 The Wynnstay Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft., 
 and 5 onlv if declared to the Clerk of the Course, 
 or Mr. Weatherbv, on or before the 1st dav of 
 August ; twice round and a distance, starting at 
 the distance chair; the second horse to receive £15 
 out of the stakes. Three horses to remain in, or 
 no race. Any person taking a nomination for this 
 stakes, and remaining in, will have to pay the 10 
 sovs. should he not start, and if he start, the 
 25 sovs. 
 
 A Handicap Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 20 
 added by the fund, 5 ft. if declared by nine o'clock 
 the morning of running. To be handicapped by 
 
360 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the stewards, or by any gentleman they may ap- 
 point. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, for horses, &c., 
 not thorough-bred, to be bona fide the property 
 of subscribers ; m. and g. allowed 3lb. ; a winner 
 of any stakes, plate, cup, or match, in the same 
 year, to carry 31b. extra, of two or more, 51b. 
 extra ; two-mile heats. 
 
 The winner of the gold cup, the Wynnstay 
 stakes, or handicap, to pay one sov, to the judge ; 
 and the subscribers to the cup, and each of the 
 stakes, to pay 5^. entrance to the Clerk of the 
 Course. 
 
 J. V. Mitchell, Clerk of the Course. 
 
 KOLYWELL HUNT. —COUNTY OF FLINT. 
 
 Holywell. — Five miles from Flint, and 207 (N. 
 W.), from London, containing 8,969 inhabitants. 
 Holywell Hunt races take place about the middle 
 of October, and continue two days, for the follow- 
 ing list of stakes, &c. 
 
 First Day. — The Mostyn Stakes of 10 sovs. 
 each ; the Mostyn mile. 
 
 The Champagne Stakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft. ; 
 for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 51b., and fillies, 8st. 
 31b. ; the last half mile. Any horse having started 
 once without winning allowed 21b., twice or more, 
 31b. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 361 
 
 The Pengwern Stakes of 30 sovs. each, 10 ft. ; 
 one mile and three quarters. 
 
 The St. Winifred Stakes of 25 sovs. each ; for 
 three yrs. old fillies, to carry 8s t. 31b. each ; one 
 mile and a quarter. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft.j for three 
 years old colts, 8st. 51b.; fillies, Sst. 31b.; two m.iles ; 
 those by untried stallions, or out of mares whose 
 produce never won, allowed 31b. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for three 
 yrs. old colts, Sst. 71b., and fillies, Sst. 51b. ; one 
 mile and a half. 
 
 The Mostyn Handicap Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. 
 each, 10 ft. and 5 only if declared to the secretary 
 on or before the Saturday previous to the Meeting ; 
 added to 100 sovs. given by the Hon. E. M. L. 
 Mostyn ; two miles. 
 
 The Hokee Pokee Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 
 20 added by the club, for horses of all ages ; 
 T. Y. C. ; the winner to be sold for 70 sovs. ; the 
 last horse to pay 5 sovs. over and above his stake 
 to the second. To close and name before eight 
 o'clock 5 the night before running. The 20 sovs. 
 from the club ^wdll not be given if walked over 
 for. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft. ; for two 
 yrs. old, 7st., and three 9st. ; f. allowed 2lb. -^ 
 T. Y. C. 
 
36*2 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 GLAMORGANSHIRE. 
 
 The Glamorganshire races ard held at Cardiff, a 
 town on the river Taaf, 160 miles from London. 
 
 These races take place about the middle of July, 
 and continue two days, when the following stakes 
 are run for. 
 
 The Glamorganshire Stakes of 20 sovs. each, 
 h. ft., and 5 only if declared, &c. ; with 30 added ; 
 two miles. 
 
 The Coronation Stakes of 3 sovs. each, with 
 30 added ; heats, two miles and a distance. 
 
 The Cardiff Stakes of 3 sovs. each, with 20 
 added by the Mayor of Cardiff; heats, two miles 
 and a distance. 
 
 The Welter Handicap of 5 sovs. each ; with 25 
 added ; heats, two miles and a distance. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each, with 30 added ; 
 heats, two miles and a distance. 
 
 A Forced Handicap of 3 sovs. each, with 20 
 added ; heats, two miles and a distance. 
 
 Swansea. — Forty-four miles from Cardiff, 68 from 
 Milford, and 209 (W.) from London. The races, 
 commonly called Swansea and Neath races, take 
 place about the end of August, and continue during 
 two days, when the following stakes, &c., are 
 run for on the Cremlyn Burrows, a large tract of 
 waste land on the Neath road. viz. : — 
 
 The Glamorganshire Stakes of 20 sovs. each, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 36*3 
 
 h. ft., and 5 only if declared, &c. ; once round, 
 two miles. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 added, 
 for all ages ; two-mile heats. 
 
 A Welter Stakes, gentlemen riders. 
 
 A Free Handicap of 3 sovs. each, with 25 
 added ; three-mile heats. 
 
 The Scurry Stakes of 3 sovs. each, w^ith 15 
 added. 
 
 The Members' Cup, value 50 gs. 
 
 The Swansea Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 
 given by the tradespeople of Swansea. 
 
 A Handicap Stakes of 3 sovs. each, with 15 
 added ; for beaten horses. 
 
 MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 
 
 Welshpooh — Seven-and-a-half miles from Mont- 
 gomery, and 175 (N. W. by. W.) from London, 
 Two days' racing towards the middle of October, 
 principal stakes, &c., run for, are as follows : — 
 
 The Borough Plate, value 25 sovs., added to a 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each. 
 
 The Tradesmen's Purse of 20 sovs. added to a 
 Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each ; for half-bred horses, 
 bred in the county ; heats, about one mile and a 
 half. 
 
 The Tally-ho of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added ; 
 heats, twice round. 
 
 The Innkeepers' Purse of 25 sovs. added to a 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, for all ages. 
 
364 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 A Handicap Stakes for beaten horses. 
 
 PEMBROKESHIRE. 
 
 Haverfordwest. —A sea-port, 10|^ miles from 
 Pembroke, and 250 (W. by N.) from London, con- 
 taining 4,328 inhabitants. Two days' racing in 
 the beginning of August, on Poorfield or Portfield, 
 a large common near the town. The following 
 are the principal stakes, &c. 
 
 The Pembrokeshire Stakes of 20 sovs. each, 
 h. ft., only 5 if declared, &c. 
 
 A Handicap Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each, 2 ft., 
 with 20 added, for half-bred horses. 
 
 The Town Plate of 50 sovs. added to a Handicap 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, 3 ft. ; two-mile heats. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added ; 
 to start at the top of the hill, go once round and 
 in ; about two miles and a half. 
 
 RADNORSHIRE. 
 
 Knighton. — Nine and three-quarter miles from 
 New Radnor, and 158 (W. N. W.) from London, 
 Two days' racing about the middle of June. — The 
 following are the principal stakes, &c. : — 
 
 The Radnorshire Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 
 added by the county member ; heats, once round 
 and a distance. 
 
 The Borough Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 
 
BRITISH TURF. S65 
 
 added by the borough member ; once round and 
 the long length. 
 
 A Handicap Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, 2 ft. ; 
 with 20 added ; heats. 
 
 The Town Subscription Purse of 15 sovs. added 
 to a Sweepstakes of 3 sovs. each, for horses that 
 never won more than £20, &c. 
 
 Upon the whole, racing may be said to be in a 
 flourishing condition in the principality of Wales ; 
 whether considered with regard to the number and 
 value of the stakes run for, the quality and blood 
 of the horses that run for them, or the respecta- 
 bility and number of the spectators. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 THE CALEDONIAN HUNT AND WESTERN MEETING. 
 
 These races are held alternately at Ayr or Air, 
 the principal town in Ayrshire, 76 miles (W. 
 S. W.) from Edinburgh, Dumfries and Mussel- 
 burgh. The principal stakes are as follows : — 
 
 Produce Sweepstakes of 50 sovs. each, 20 ft. ; 
 for three yrs. old ; two miles. 
 
 The Ayr Gold Cup of 100 gs. value, the surplus 
 in specie by subscription of 10 gs. each, for all 
 ages ; the winner to pay 10 sovs. to the Judge ; 
 two miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, with 50 added, 
 
366 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 for hunters ; I3st. each ; owners to ride ; one mile 
 and a half. 
 
 The Caledonian St. Leger of 25 sovs. each, 
 with 100 added by the hunt, for three yrs. old 
 colts, 8st. 21b., and fillies, 8st.; one mile and a 
 half. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs., with 20 added by the 
 Western Meeting, for horses not thorough-bred ; 
 one mile and a half. 
 
 A Plate of 50 sovs. given by the Western Meet- 
 ing, for all ages ; two-mile heats. 
 
 The Caledonian Cup, value 100 gs., for Scotch 
 bred horses ; three miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 gs. added 
 by the Western Meeting, for regular hunters, 12st. 
 71b. each , gentlemen riders ; heats, once round 
 and a distance. 
 
 A Plate of £50 given by the Western Meeting, 
 for all ages ; heats, a mile and a half. 
 
 A Maiden Plate of £50 given by the Caledonian 
 Hunt, for all ages ; heats, a mile and a half. 
 
 The Caledonian Coplow of 20 sovs. each ; h. ft. ; 
 for horses not thorough-bred ; one mile and a 
 half. 
 
 The Whip given by the Duke of Buccleugh, with 
 50 sovs. added to a subbcription of 15 each ; two 
 miles. 
 
 The Eglintoun Gold Cup, by subscriptions of 
 20 sovs. each ; h. ft. ; two miles. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 367 
 
 Fifty Pounds given by the Caledonian Hunt, for 
 all ages ; two mile-heats. 
 
 Two yrs. old Stakes of 25 sovs. each ; 10 ft. ; 
 with 50 added by the Western Meeting ; colts, 8st. 
 31b. ; fillies, 8st. ; three quarters of a mile. 
 
 Fifty Pounds given by the Caledonian Hunt, for 
 all ages ; the winner to be sold for 200 gs. ; one- 
 mile heats. 
 
 Harrier Stakes of 50 sovs. each, for horses not 
 thorough-bred ; 13st. heats ; once round and a 
 distance. 
 
 Dumfries. — Seventy-one miles from Edinburgh, 
 79 from Glasgow, and 341 from London. 
 
 Fifty Pounds given by the Southern Meeting, 
 for horses of all ages ; heats one mile and a 
 half. 
 
 Gold Cup, value 100 sovs., by subscribers of 
 10 sovs. each, the surplus in specie i two miles. 
 
 Fifty Pounds given by his Grace the Duke of 
 Buccleugh, for all ages ; tw^o miles. 
 
 Fifty Pounds given by the Southern Meeting, for 
 horses of all ages. 
 
 Edinburgh. — The capital of Scotland ; 57 miles 
 from Berwick-upon-Tweed, 100 from Carlisle, 71 
 from Dumfries, 76 from Ayr, and 392 from London. 
 In the Gazetteer of Scotland, by Robert Chambers, 
 we find the following, in reference to these races : 
 ** For a long period, Leith was famed for its horse 
 races. They were held during the recess of the 
 tide, upon a flat expanse of sand, in front of the 
 
368 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 town ; and although a course of this nature was 
 much inferior to that on the regular turf, yet these 
 races were persevered in with a spirit and satis- 
 faction rarely witnessed in other places. Leith 
 races were as ancient as the period of the Resto- 
 ration, when out-of-door amusements came much 
 into fashion ; and for fifty years after tliat event, 
 this pastime seems to have divided the attention 
 of the boisterous young men of the country with 
 cock-fighting, and still more brutal amusements. 
 From the Restoration till the year 1816, these 
 races appear to have been continued annually, 
 with very little intermission. 
 
 ** They generally occurred in the last week 
 of July, or the first week in August, and lasted 
 for four or five days. The race-week was then 
 reckoned the carnival of the metropolis, which 
 was crowded with persons of fashion from all 
 parts of the country, who came to enjoy the 
 sports of the race- ground, as well as the balls 
 and assemblies which took place in Edinburgh 
 in the evenings. During the whole week, but 
 principally on Saturday, the sands were the scene 
 of the most boisterous revels, and of not a few 
 skirmishes and battles betwixt the town-guard 
 and the lower classes from the city. The outer 
 edge of the shore was lined with booths, or taverns, 
 and places of theatrical amusements, and the pier 
 served on the occasion as a most excellent stand 
 for the spectators. Latterly it was felt by those 
 
BRITISH TURF. 369 
 
 concerned in supporting the Edinburgh races held 
 here, that the soft wet sands were too heav\^ for 
 the generaUty of mettled racers, and in conse- 
 quence, they were removed to the Links of Mussel- 
 burgh in 1816, much to the satisfaction of the 
 town. 
 
 Musselburgh is an ancient town, 5 miles from 
 Edinburgh, and on Musselburgh Links, which is 
 an extensive plain ; in addition to the Edinburgh 
 autumn meeting, the races of the Caledonian 
 Hunt are run every third year. An excellent 
 stand has been erected at the western extremity 
 of the course. The following stakes are run for : — 
 
 Fifty pounds given by the Duke of Buccleugh 
 two miles. 
 
 The Omniparity subscription plate, added to a 
 sweepstakes of 2 sovs. each, with 30 sovs. added 
 by the winner in the previous year, for horses, 
 the property of farmers in Scotland, or non-com- 
 missioned officers or privates of any Yeomanry 
 corps, also in Scotland, which existed previous to 
 the 31st. of March last ; — heats once round, and a 
 distance. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. two miles. 
 
 The gold cup (in specie) by subscription of 
 10 sovs. each, two miles. 
 
 Fifty pounds given by the Duke of Buccleugh, 
 
 for horses the property of farmers residing within 
 the limits of his Grace's hunt. Heats once round 
 and a distance. 
 
 VOL. I. B B 
 
370 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 The Liberal Plate for horses of all denomination, 
 added to a sweepstakes of 2 sovs. each ; heats once 
 round. 
 
 EGLINTOUN PARK — AYRSHIRE. 
 
 The Trial stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added 
 by the club for hunters five yrs. old, 11 st. 111b. ; 
 six, 12st. 31b. ; and aged 12st 61b. ; half a mile. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, for three yrs. old, 
 colts 8st. 31b. ; and filHes 8st. one mile and a 
 half. 
 
 ^ The Irvine cup by subscription of 10 sovs. each, 
 with 50 added by the Earl of Eglintoun for four yrs. 
 old, list. 31b.; five. list. 121b.; six, 12st. 41b. 
 and aged 12st. 71b. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. once 
 round, and a distance. 
 
 The Welter stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. with 
 30 added by the club, 13st. each, one mile. 
 
 The Hunters' Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 50. 
 added by Lord Kelbourn, five yrs. old 12st. six, 
 12st. 51b. ; and aged 12st. 81b. ; two miles. 
 
 The Cragnullar stakes of 10 sovs. each, with £50 
 added by W. J. Gilmour Esq. three yrs. old, lOst. 
 51b.; four, list, 71b.; five 12st. 51b.; and aged 
 13st. one mile and a half. 
 
 A handicap stakes of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft. and 
 5 only if declared &c.; with £50 by Lord Archi- 
 bald Seymour, for hunters ; one mile and a half. 
 
 The Pebble stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 50 ad- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 37 1 
 
 ded by Sir F. Johnstone, for horses not thorough 
 bred; four yrs.old, 1161b. ; five st. 12st. 21b. ; six, 
 12st 71b. ; and aged 12st. 101b. ; once round. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, for two yrs. old 
 colts, 8st. 31b. ; and fillies 8st. half a mile. 
 
 The Atlanta challenge w^hip, added to a handi- 
 cap of 5 sovs. each, for horses the property of 
 ladies, or that have been constantly in the habit of 
 carrying ladies ; quarter of a mile. 
 
 The Luidon stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 35 added 
 by Mr. Grant Macdowall, for hunters; 13st. 71b. ; 
 one mile. 
 
 First class of a handicap sweepstakes of 5 sovs. 
 each, with 55 added by the visitors at the meet- 
 ing ; one mile and a half. 
 
 The Amdilly stakes, a handicap of 5 sovs. each, 
 with 25 added by Mr. Grant Macdowall, for horses 
 that ran in the Trial stakes ; half a mile. 
 
 The Eglintoun stakes, a free handicap of 5 sovs. 
 each, with 50 added by the Earl of Eglintoun ; one 
 mile and a half. 
 
 Second class of the handicap sweepstakes of 
 5 sovs. each, with 45 added by the visitors of the 
 meeting, and 10 by J. Maxwell, Esq., the younger, 
 of Pollock ; one mile. 
 
 A forced handicap of 7 sovs. each, with 20 added 
 by the club, for the winners of each race ; one mile 
 and a half. 
 
 A free handicap of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added 
 by the club, for the beaten horses ; one mile. 
 
 B B 2 
 
372 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Kelso.— On the river Tweed, 42 miles (S. E.) 
 from Edinburgh, and 60 from CarUsle. 
 
 The Kelso Gold Cup, or piece of plate value 150 
 gs. 100 gs. given by David Robertson Esq. the rest 
 by subscription of 10 sovs. each, the surplus in 
 specie ; for three yrs. old 7st 41b. ; four, 8st. 91b. ; 
 five, 9st. six, and aged 9st. 31b. ; m. and g. al- 
 lowed 31b. the winner to be sold for £600 if de- 
 manded &c. two mile heats. 
 
 The Omniparity plate, added to a sweepstake 
 of 3 sovs. each, for horses, the property of a far- 
 mer, or member of any yeomanry corps, and to 
 have been their property for six weeks previous 
 to the day of nomination : the winner to be sold 
 for 120 sovs. if demanded, &c. Ridden by farmers 
 or members of any yeomanry corps or their sons ; 
 heats a mile and a half. 
 
 The Duke ofBuccleugh's Plate of £50 for horses 
 the property of farmers residing within the limits 
 of his hunt. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, for horses that have 
 been regularly hunted during the preceding season ; 
 12st. each ; gentlemen riders ; two mile heats. 
 
 The Oats' Stakes 5 bolls of oats each ; for horses 
 of all ages, which have never started except for 
 matches ; hunters' stakes, cocktail stakes, oats' 
 stakes or farmers' plates ; gentlemen riders ; heats, 
 a mile and a half. 
 
 Duke of Roxburgh's Plate, or Cup, value 50gs., 
 for horses of all ages ; the winner to be sold for 
 
BRITISH TURF. 373 
 
 500 sovs. if demanded, &c. ; heats, a mile and a 
 half. 
 
 The Caledonian Hunters' Cup in specie, or piece 
 of plate ; by subscription of 5 sovs. each, with 15 
 added from the fund for horses that never won 
 any other than a hunter's or farmer's stakes, and 
 which have been regularly hunted this season with 
 any estabhshed pack of hounds ; heats, one mile 
 and a half. 
 
 Lord John Scott's Plate or Cup, value 50 sovs. 
 added to a handicap sweepstakes of 9 sovs. each, 
 2 ft., for horses of all ages; heats, a mile and a 
 half. 
 
 The Kelso Plate of £50, given by the inhabitants 
 of the town, and Sir W. Scott, and Mr. Baillie, for 
 horses of all ages ; the winner to be sold for £250> 
 if demanded, &c. ; heats, a mile and a half. 
 
 Perth. — Forty-three miles north from Edinburgh, 
 and 61 from Glasgow. — Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. 
 each with 20 added, fbr hunters ; gentlemen riders ; 
 once round, and a distance. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added ; 
 gentlemen riders ; heats, once round, and a dis- 
 tance. 
 
 The County Members' Plate of £50 ; twice 
 
 round. 
 
 Plate of £50 given by the Perth hunt, for horses 
 
 of all ages ; heats, one mile and a half. 
 
 Paisley.— The St. Leger Stakes with 25 sovs. ad- 
 
 ded from the fund, for three yrs. old colts. 8st. 161b. 
 
374 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 fillies, 8st. 31b. ; g, allowed 31b. ; one mile and 
 three quarters. 
 
 The Members' Plate of 50 gs. given by Archibald 
 Hastie, Esq. M.P. for the borough ; three yrs. old, 
 7st. 21b. ; four. 8st. 21b. ; five, 8st. 101b. ; six, and 
 aged, 9st. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; two mile 
 heats. 
 
 The Glasgow Cup, (in specie) value 200 sovs. 
 added to a handicap sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 
 15 ft. and 5 only if declared, &c. ; two miles ; the 
 winner to pay 10 sovs. to the judge. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, with 30 from the 
 fund ; two yrs. old colts ; 8st. 51b., and fillies, 8st. 
 21b. ; three quarters of a mile. 
 
 The Paisley Cup, in specie, value 100 sovs. ad- 
 ded to a sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each; three yrs. 
 old 7st. 51b. ; four, 8st. 71b. ; five, 9st. 61b., and 
 aged, 9st. 41b,. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; heats, 
 starting at the north east corner, and going once 
 round. 
 
 The Silver Bells, given by the town council of 
 Paisley, with 100 sovs. added by the noblemen and 
 gentlemen of the county ; twice round, and a 
 distance. 
 
 The Glasgow Plate of £50 ; three yrs. old, 
 four, 8st. 61b. ; five, 8st. 131b. ; six, and aged, 
 9st. 21b. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; heats, once 
 round, and a distance. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each; h. ft., with 30 
 added from the fund ; for three yrs. old, 7st. 21b. ; 
 
BRITISH TURF. 375 
 
 four, 8st. 51b. ; five, 8st, 131b. ; six, and aged, 9st. 
 51b. ; m. allowed 21b. ; the winner to be sold for 
 150 if demanded, &c. ; two miles. 
 
 The After shots, a handicap of 5 so vs. each ; 3 
 ft., with 20 added ; once round, and a distance. 
 
 Glasgow. — On the river Clyde, the largest and 
 most populous city in Scotland, 34 miles north 
 from Ayr, 44 west from Edinburgh, and 406 from 
 London. 
 
 The Glasgow subscription cup, (in specie) value 
 50 sovs. added to a sweepstakes of 5 so vs. each ; 
 heats, once round, and a distance. 
 
 A plate of £50 added to a sweepstakes of 5 sovs. 
 each ; heats, twice round. 
 
 A purse of 20 sovs. added to a sweepstakes of 
 30 sovs. each ; twice round. 
 
 The Pollock Plate of 50 sovs. ; heats, twice 
 round. 
 
 Purse of 20 sovs. added to a sweepstakes of 2 
 sovs. each ; the second horse to receive 5 sovs. out 
 of the stakes ; heats, twice round. 
 
 Stirhng.— On the river Forth, 28 miles (N.E.) 
 of Glasgow, 35 (N.W.) of Edinburgh. 
 
 The Forth stakes of 20 sovs. each, with 20 ad- 
 ded ; for two and three yrs. old. T. Y. C. 
 
 Members' Plate of £50, the gift of the Hon. G. R. 
 Abercromby ; heats, once round, and a distance. 
 
 The Glasgow Cup, value 50 sovs. added to a 
 sweepstakes of 5 sovs. each ; heats, one mile and 
 a half. 
 
376* HISTORY OF THE 
 
 . The Burgh Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 25 added 
 by Lord Dalmeny, M.P. ; two mile heats. 
 
 The StirUng Plate, of £50 ; heats, one mile and 
 a half. 
 
 The Callandar Stakes of 3 sovs. each ; h. ft.; with 
 50 added by Wm. Forbes Esq.; heats, once round. 
 
 The Tradesmen's Cup, added to a sweepstakes of 
 2 sovs. each ; heats, once round. 
 
 Farmers' Plate of 30 sovs., given by W. K. 
 Ramsey Esq., added to a sweepstakes of 2 sovs. 
 each ; heats, once round. 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 Bellewstown. — A small village in the county of 
 Meath. 
 
 The Drogheda Tradesmen's Plate of 100 sovs. 
 added to a sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each ; h. ft. ; 
 the second horse saves his stake ; one mile and 
 a half heats. 
 
 The Stewards' Plate of 40 sovs, added to a sweep- 
 stakes of 5 sovs. each ; one mile and a half heats. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of lOOgs. for Irish bred 
 horses ; three yrs. old, 6st. 41b. ; four, 8st. ; five, 
 8st. 91b. ; six, 8st. 131b. ; and aged, 9st. ; three 
 mile heats. 
 
 THE CURRAGH OF KILDARE. 
 
 $ The Curragh is a fine undulating down, six miles 
 
BRITISH TURF. 377 
 
 long, and two broad. It lies in a direction from 
 north-east to south, having the town of Kildare 
 near its western extremity, and being crossed by the 
 great road from DubHn to Limerick, and is, in fact, 
 an extensive sheepwalk of about 6,000 acres, form- 
 ing a more beautiful lawn than the hand of art 
 ever made. Nothing can exceed the extreme soft- 
 ness and elasticity of the turf, which is of a ver- 
 dure that charms the eye, and is still further set 
 off by the gentle inequality of the surface. The 
 soil is a fine dry loam, on a substratum of lime- 
 stone. Numerous large flocks are turned on it by 
 the occupiers of the adjacent farms, who, alone, 
 have the right of pasture, which greatly enhances 
 the value of these farms. This plain has long been 
 celebrated as the principal race-course in Ireland, 
 and is equal, and by many even deemed superior, to 
 that of Newmarket, in all the requisites for racing. 
 
 CURRAGH APRU. MEETING. 
 
 A Free Handicap of 15 sovs. each, 10 ft., with 
 25 sovs. added ; for two yrs. old ; Rathbride post. 
 
 The Rossmore Free Handicap of 20 sovs. each, 
 with 100 added by Lord Rossmore, and 100 sovs. 
 by the club ; start at the Mulgrave post, turn at 
 the red post, and run home ; about two miles and 
 a quarter. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. for mares three 
 
378 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 yrs. old, 7st. 71b. ; four, 8st. 71b. ; five. 9st. lib. ; 
 six and aged, 9st. 41b. ; four miles. 
 
 The Madrid Stakes of 25 sovs. each, ; 5 ft. if 
 declared, &c. ; for two yrs. old ; Rathbride post ; 
 (same distance as two yrs. old course,) the 
 second horse saves his stake. 
 
 The Wellington Stakes of 30 sovs. each ; h. ft., 
 and only 5 if declared, &c. ; T. Y. C. ; the second 
 horse saves his stake. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each ; h. ft., with 25 
 sovs. added ; for hunters ; (racers admitted) ; the 
 second horse saves his stake ; Conolly's mile. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of lOOgs. ; three yrs. old, 
 8st. 41b. ; five, 9st. 101b. ; six and aged, lOst. ; 
 m. and g. allowed 31b. ; four miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft. with 25 
 sovs. added, for two yrs. old ; the second horse 
 saves his stake ; Mulgrave mile. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs., for three yrs. old, 
 colts, 8st.; fillies and geldings, 7st. 111b.; three miles. 
 
 Second class of the Madrid Stakes of 25 sovs. 
 each, 15 ft., only 5 if declared, &c., for two yrs. old ; 
 the second horse saves his stake ; Rathbride Post. 
 
 The Doric Stakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft., with 50 
 sovs. added, for hunters ; (race-horses admitted) ; 
 the second horse saves his stake ; the Peel course. 
 
 CURRAGH JUNE MEETING. 
 
 Renewal of the Kirwan Stakes of 50 sovs. each. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 379 
 
 h. ft., and 5 only if declared &c., for horses the 
 property of members of the Turf Club or Coffee 
 Room, or named by consent of the stewards ; post 
 on the flat ; the second horse saves his stake. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of lOOgs., for three yrs. 
 old, 9st. 21b.; four, list.; five, list. 121b.; six 
 and aged, 12st. ; m. and g. allowed 51b. ; four 
 miles. 
 
 The Halverston Stakes (second class) of 25 sovs. 
 each, 15 ft., for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 71b., and 
 fillies, 8st. 21b.; Anglesea post; the winners of 
 this race not to be considered as carrying ad- 
 ditional weight for any other race. 
 
 The O'Darby Stakes (renewed) of 25 sovs. each, 
 for three yrs. old ; colts, 8st. 51b., and fillies, 8st. ; 
 one mile and a half. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, 5 ft., with 25 sovs. 
 added ; for hunters ; (racers admitted) ; one mile 
 and a quarter on the Peel course. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs., for three yrs. 
 old, 6st. 71b. ; four, 8st, 31b. ; five, 8st. 121b. ; six, 
 and aged, 9st. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; three 
 miles. 
 
 CURRAGH, MULGRAVE MEETING. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. ; h. ft., with 25 added; 
 the second horse saves his stake ; Mulgrave mile. 
 
 First Class of the Normanby Lodge Stakes of 25 
 sovs. each ; 10 ft. ; for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 41b., 
 
380 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and fillies, 8st. ; 31b. allowed to untried stallions or 
 mares, 51b. to both ; half a mile on the Mulgrave 
 Course ; started at the present starting post ; 25 
 sovs. added. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each ; h. ft., wdth 25 
 sovs. added ; for two yrs. old ; the second horse 
 saves his stake ; Ditch in. 
 
 The Mulgrave Cup, presented by his Excellency 
 the Marquis of Normanby, added to a sweepstakes 
 of 20 sovs. each ; h. ft. ; red post ; three yrs. old, 
 6st. 121b. ; four, 8st. 101b. ; six, and aged, 9st. ; 
 31b. allowed to mares ; any horse having ever won 
 to carry 31b. ; twice, 51b. ; three times, 101b. extra ; 
 (handicaps excepted,) 51b. allowed to any horse 
 not in Ireland one month before running ; the 
 second horse to save his stake ; the winner to be 
 sold for 500 soy's. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each ; h. ft., with 30 
 added ; one mile and a quarter on the Peel course ; 
 the second horse saves his stake. 
 
 The Constantine Stakes of 20 sovs. each, wdth 
 30 sovs. added ; the second horse saves his stake ; 
 Mulgrave mile. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. for three yrs. old; 
 6st. 31b. ; four, 8st. ; five, 8st. 121b. ; six, and 
 aged, 9st. ; m. and g. allowed 51b ; four miles. 
 
 Renewal of the Normanby Stakes of 5 sovs. 
 each, with 25 sovs. added ; heats, half a mile on 
 the Mulgrave course. 
 
 The Corinthian Stakes of 10 sovs. each; h. ft., 
 
BRITISH TURF. 331 
 
 with 30 sovs. added ; the second horse saves his 
 stake ; heats one mile and a quarter on the Peel 
 course ; gentlemen riders. 
 
 CURRAGH SEPTEMBER MEETING. 
 
 The Anglesea Stakes of 10 sovs. each; for two 
 yrs. old colts, 8st. 41b., and fillies. 8st. ; Anglesea 
 post ; 50 sovs. added by the club ; the second horse 
 to save his stake ; the winner to give three dozen 
 of champagne to the club. 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each; h. ft., with 
 25 sovs. added ; Anglesea post. 
 
 The Wellington Stakes of 30 sovs. each ; h. ft., 
 and only 5 if declared, &c. Three Y. C. ; the 
 second horse to save his stake. 
 
 The Mul grave Stakes of 25 sovs. each ; 15 ft. 
 for two yrs. old colts, 8st. 41b., and fillies 8st. with 
 allowance ; Anglesea post. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. ; for three yrs. 
 old, 9st. 91b.; four, list.; five, list. 101b.; six, 
 and aged, 12st. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; four 
 miles. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. ; for three yrs. 
 old colts, 8st. 51b., and fillies 8st. 21b. ; two miles. 
 
 The Steward stakes of 25 sovs. each; 15 ft., 
 with 25 sovs. added ; for two yrs. old ; Anglesea 
 post. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. ; for mares three 
 yrs. old, 8st. ; four, 9st. 41b. ; five, 9st. 121b. ; 
 six, and aged, lOst. ; four miles. 
 
382 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each; h. ft., with 25 
 sovs. added ; the second horse saves his stake ; 
 Anglesea post. 
 
 His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant's Plate of 
 100 gs. ; three yrs. old, 6st. ; four, 7st. 111b.; 
 five, 8st. 81b. ; six, Sst. 131b., and aged, 9st. ; four 
 miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft., with 50 
 sovs. added, for two yrs. old filUes ; Anglesea 
 post. 
 
 CURRAGH OCTOBER MEETING. 
 
 The Sligo Stakes of 50 sovs. each ; h. ft., for 
 two yrs. old. T. Y. C. (6 subscribers.) 
 
 Sweepstakes of 20 sovs. each, h. ft.; for two yrs. 
 old colts, Sst. 41b. and fillies, Sst. ; Conolly's 
 mile. 
 
 Kirwan Stakes of 50 sovs. each ; h. ft. ; red 
 post ; second horse saves his stake. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each ; 10 ft. with 50 
 added ; for two yrs. old ; Conolly's mile. 
 
 The renewal of the Rossmore handicap of 20 sovs. 
 each ; 5 ft.; with 100 added by the club. 90 sovs. 
 bonus, and 50 sovs. by Lord Rossmore. 
 
 Challenge of the Kirwan Stakes, of 50 sovs. 
 each, and the 5 sovs. ft. Red post. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each; h. ft., with 25 
 sovs. added ; Conolly's mile. 
 
 Her Majesty's Plate of 100 gs. ; two yrs. old ; a 
 
BRITISH TURF. 383 
 
 feather ; three, 7st. 91b. ; four, 8st. 101b. ; five, 9st. 
 31b. ; six, and aged, Qst., 41b. ; m. and g. allowed 
 31b. ; two miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes 25 sovs. each; 15 ft. with 25 added ; 
 for two yrs. old. Anglesea post. 
 
 The Royal whip, presented by his late Majesty 
 to the Turf club ; with 100 gs. added annually by 
 her Majesty; three yrs. old, 10 st. four, list. 
 41b.; five, list. 121b.; six, and aged, 12st. m. 
 and g. allowed 31b. ; four miles. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each ; 5 ft., with 25 
 sovs. added, for two yrs. old ; second horse to 
 save his stake. Anglesea post. 
 
 Paget Stakes of 10 sovs. each, with 50 sovs. 
 added ; for two yrs. old ; the winner to give 
 three dozen of champagne ; Anglesea post. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, h. ft., with 20 
 added ; for two yrs. old ; second horse saves his 
 stake ; Conolly's mile. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each ; h. ft., with 30 ad- 
 ded ; second horse to save his stake ; Peel course. 
 
 DOWN ROYAL CORPORATION. 
 (downpatrick course.) 
 
 James II. granted a patent of incorporation to a 
 society called the Royal Horse-breeders of the 
 county of Down, by whom these races were 
 estabhshed. They are held at Downpatrick, the 
 capital of the county, about one mile south of which 
 town is an excellent course. 
 
384 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 A Sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each ; 10 ft., with 40 
 added ; race horses admitted. Second horse 
 saves his stake, and receives £10 out of the other 
 stakes ; two mile heats. 
 
 Sweepstakes of 15 sovs. each; 10 ft. ; one mile 
 heats. 
 
 Queen's Plate of £100, (late Irish currency,) 
 four yrs. old, 7st. 1 lib. ; five, 8st. 71b. ; six, 8st. ; 
 and aged, 8st. 131b. ; m. and g. allowed 31b. ; four 
 mile heats. 
 
 The Castlereagh Cup, a Hunters' Sweepstakes 
 of 10 sovs. each; h. ft., and the Challengeable 
 Cup, given by Viscount Castlereagh ; one mile and 
 a half heats. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 385 
 
 CHAPTER VTIL 
 
 Earliest Racing Calendar — Tregonwell Frampton, Es£[., Father of the 
 British Turf — Amusing Anecdote of— Origin of the different meet- 
 ings at Newmarket — Royal Plates, &c. — Extract from a curious 
 work on racing published in the reign of Charles 11. 
 
 The earliest historical records on which de- 
 pendance can be placed of the performances of 
 the English race horse, and published in an au- 
 thentic form, was a work by John Cheney, en- 
 titled an " Historical list of all the Horse Matches 
 run, and all plates and prizes run for in England 
 and Wales (of the value of Ten Pounds or up- 
 wards,) in 1727, &c. &c. ; and to which is added a 
 List of all Cock Matches of the same Year." 
 
 This book was published by subscription, the con- 
 dition being for half-a-crown to be paid at subscrib- 
 ing, and five shillings annually for 7 years, (the 
 term of the first subscription ;) and we find the 
 number of subscribers amounted to six hundred 
 and sixty, among whom were at least one hundred 
 and nineteen people of rank, including fifteen 
 
 VOL. 1. c c 
 
386 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 dukes ; a proof of the progress the taste for racing 
 had already made in England. 
 
 From this book it would appear that the cities 
 and towns in England where races were then held, 
 amounted to one hundred and twelve, and in Wales 
 to five ; while at the present day they amount to one 
 hundred and forty-three, including Scotland and 
 Ireland ; it being always remembered that at many 
 of these places races are held twice annually, and 
 in some cases even oftener. 
 
 The most correct set of racing records of the 
 early history of the British Turf are in the pos- 
 session of Messrs. Weatherbv, of Oxendon Street, 
 the proprietors of the Racing Calendar, the 
 nephews of James Weatherby, many years keeper 
 of the match book at Newmarket. This is a work 
 which succeeded Cheny's, and which boasts of 
 1371 subscribers, including 174 persons of rank. 
 This useful work is to be found in almost every 
 country in Europe. 
 
 These gentlemen, the Weatherbys, who are 
 generally esteemed for their urbanity and un- 
 blemished character, have likewise in their library 
 an old work published at York, in 1748, entitled 
 an '' Historical List of all the Plates and Prizes run 
 for on Clifton and RawclifFe Ings ; also since they 
 have been removed to Knaresmire, near the city 
 of York ; likewise how the mares came in every 
 year at Black Hambleton, &c., &c." 
 
 The earliest race mentioned in these works, is 
 
BRITISH TURF. 387 
 
 one for a gold cup of £50 run on Clifton and Raw- 
 clifFe Ings, near the city of York, by horses 6 
 years old, in September, 1709. But as this work 
 contains few details worthy of particular attention, 
 w^e will content ourselves wdth merely noticing 
 such of its contents as tend to throw a light on 
 the most remarkable characteristics of racing in 
 those days. 
 
 Racing was distinguished, or more correctly 
 speaking, brought into public notice, by Charles 
 II, wdio besides the gifts of several annual plates, 
 himself kept horses for the turf; and the sport 
 continued to receive the patronage of his suc- 
 cessors ; but with the exception of their adding 
 in each successive reign to the number of royal 
 plates, no exact particulars remain. 
 
 So much, however, had this great national amuse- 
 ment increased in favour with royalty towards the 
 latter end of the reign of Queen Anne, that we find 
 that sovereign not only still increasing the number 
 of royal plates, but actually running them in her 
 own name. For example, we find that at York in 
 
 1712, her majesty's grey gelding, Pepper, ran for 
 the royal gold cup, value £1 00; and again, Mustard, 
 described as a nutmeg grey horse, another of her 
 Majesty's racing stud, ran for the same stake in 
 
 1713. The last mention made of any race-horse 
 belonging to the Queen, we find is for a sweep- 
 stakes, or as it was called in those days, stakes 
 of 10 guineas, with a plate of £40 added, run for 
 
 c c 2 
 
388 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 over the same course near York, on Friday the 
 30th July, 1714, the weight being 11 stone, and 
 which was won by the Queen's bay horse, Star, 
 in 4 heats: — for according to the rules of racing 
 at this time, the horse which had won the first and 
 second heats, was obliged to start for a third, and 
 to save his distance in order to entitle him to the 
 prizes."^ 
 
 On the Monday following, during the race for a 
 gold cup, value £60, with a sweepstakes of 16 
 guineas, an express arrived with advice of the 
 death of her Majesty, Queen Anne ; when it is 
 related that most of the nobility and gentry left 
 the course, and attended the Lord Mayor of York 
 and Archbishop Dawes, who proclaimed his Ma- 
 jesty, King George I. 
 
 The fact of the non-existence of any authentic 
 information as to the running of race-horses 
 previous to the commencement of the year 1727, 
 is further established by the following note in 
 Mr. Cheney's work: — " During the six preceding 
 years," the author writes, ''there was no regular 
 account kept how the horses, &c., came in ; but 
 as I have taken pains to inform myself, in the 
 best manner I could, I hope that what is pub- 
 lished may be depended upon. In the year 
 
 * In tbe year 1710, the first gold cup given by her Majesty, 
 Queen Anne, was of 60 guineas value, afterwards increased to 100 
 guineas value, and run for by six year old horses, carrying 12st. each, 
 the best of three four mile heats. In 1721, his Majesty, George I 
 gave 100 guineas in specie in lieu of the gold cup. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 380 
 
 1714/' he goes on to remark, "such was the 
 concourse of nobiUty and gentry that attended 
 York races, that one hundred and fifty coaches 
 were at one time on the course." 
 
 Among the names worthy of notice that we find 
 mentioned in this work as owners of race-horses, are 
 those of Mr. Childers, better known as the breeder of 
 Flying or Devonshire Childers ; Mr. Curwin, who 
 imported the barbs known by the names of the 
 Curwin Bay barb, and the Thoulouse barb ; Mr. 
 Darley, the importer of the Arabian called by his 
 name, the sire of Childers ; Mr. Darcy, who 
 brought over the horses known in the stud book 
 by the names of Darcy's White and Yellow Turks 
 and the well-known Tregonwell Frampton. 
 
 Of these patriarchs of the turf httle is known 
 beyond the benefit they conferred upon this country 
 by the importation of eastern horses, and testing 
 the value of their produce by public racing. 
 
 Tregonwell Frampton, Esq., of Moreton, Dor- 
 setshire, was keeper of the running horses at New- 
 market, to their Majesties, WiUiam the Third, 
 Queen Anne, George the First and George the 
 Second. He was styled, for a great number of 
 years, *' the Father of the Turf," and died on the 
 12th of March, 1727, aged 86, and was buried at 
 Newmarket. 
 
 This extraordinary character was born in the 
 reign of King Charles the First, when the sports 
 of horse-racing commenced at Newmarket. He 
 
390 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 was owner of the celebrated horse, Dragon, who 
 ran several times there with great success ; but 
 the account of it, and also that cf his pedigree, 
 have been for many years lost. 
 
 The most remarkable event supposed to have 
 occurred in the lives of this gentleman and his 
 horse. Dragon, is most pathetically depicted by 
 Dr. John Hawkesworth, in No. 37 of the Adven- 
 turer, in the following words, supposed to be 
 spoken by the horse, in the Elysium of beasts and 
 birds. 
 
 *' It is true," replied the steed, *' I v/as a fa- 
 vorite ', but what avails it to be a favorite of 
 caprice, avarice and barbarity ? My tyrant was 
 a wretch who had gained a considerable fortune 
 by play, but more particularly by racing. I had 
 won him many large sums ; but being at length 
 excepted out of every match, as having no equal, 
 he regarded even my excellence with malignity, 
 when it was no longer subservient to his interest. 
 Yet I still lived in ease and plenty ; and as he was 
 able to sell even my pleasures, though my labour 
 was become useless, I had a seraglio, in which 
 there was a perpetual succession of new beauties. 
 At last, however, another competitor appeared. 
 T enjoyed a new triumph by anticipation ; I rushed 
 into the field panting for conquest ; and the first 
 heat 1 put my master in possession of the stakes, 
 which amounted to ten thousand pounds. 
 
 The proprietor of the mare that I had distanced. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 891 
 
 notwithstanding the disgrace, declared with great 
 zeal, that she should run the next day against any- 
 gelding in the world, for double the sum. My 
 master immediately accepted the challenge, and 
 told him that he would the next day produce a 
 gelding that should teat him : but what was my 
 astonishment and indignation when I discovered 
 that he most cruelly and fraudulently intended to 
 qualify me for this match upon the spot ; and to 
 sacrifice my life at the very moment in which 
 every nerve should be strained in his service ! 
 
 '' As I knew it would be in vain to resist, I 
 suiFered myself to be bound ; the operation was 
 performed ; and I was instantly mounted and 
 spurred to the goal. Injured as I was, the love 
 of glory was still superior to the desire of revenge. 
 1 determined to die as I had lived, without an 
 equal ; and having again won the race, I sunk 
 down at a post in an agony, which soon after put 
 an end to m ,^ life." 
 
 The following is the opinion of Mr. John Law- 
 rence, as given in his Philosophical and Practical 
 Treatise on Horses, as to the credit which ought 
 to be attached to this cruel anecdote. 
 
 " Every sportsman, I hope, (writes that author), 
 holds in equal detestation with myself the memory 
 of the brutal and callous-hearted Frampton, who, 
 dead to the soft feelings of compassion, and urged 
 by the sordid motives of gain, cut his favourite 
 horse. Dragon, and instantly ran him to death in his 
 
392 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 streaming blood ! Was there not one single atom 
 of the sweet but furious and vindictive enthusiasm 
 in the hearts of the spectators ? Was there no in- 
 strument of vengeance at hand to ? I 
 
 never view the portrait of that savage sportsman 
 without discovering in the hard Unes of his face, 
 and the knowing leer of his eye, all the treachery, 
 cunning, and inhuman profligacy of the lowest 
 blackguard retainer of the stable. 
 
 *' A labouring smith of Yorkshire assured me last 
 year (but I will not warrant the goodness of his 
 thority) that certain irons, whicii had the appear- 
 ance of being instruments of torture, were found 
 in the house of old Frampton after his de- 
 cease. 
 
 *' But common justice will not suffer me to re- 
 fuse insertion to the following extract from a letter 
 which I have lately received from Mr. Sandern, of 
 Newmarket, a gentleman to whose kindness I also 
 stand obliged for various points of interesting 
 information. 
 
 ' ' ' The abominable story which is told of Mr. 
 Fram.pton having castrated Dragon, that he might 
 immediately after run him as a gelding, and of the 
 poor horse having instantly expired after the race, 
 is entirely without foundation ; for I had an uncle 
 who was wxU acquainted with Mr. Framptftn, and 
 who frequently assured me that no such circum- 
 stance ever happened ; and therefore, sir, I think 
 you would do an act of justice to contradict it 
 
BRITISH TURF. 393 
 
 in your publication, as cruelty was no part of the 
 old gentleman's character.' 
 
 '* Thus far my respectable correspondent, whose 
 opinion simply, situated and connected as he is, 
 must have considerable weight. Sir Charles Bun- 
 bury also assured me that he w^as inclined to sus- 
 pect the old anecdote of Mr. Frampton as a 
 fabrication. There is at present no other authority 
 for it, public or private, of which T am aware, than 
 No. 37 of the Adventurer, and Dr. Hawksworth 
 in all probability received it, as we do at this day, 
 merely upon public tradition. With respect to my 
 own sentiments or prejudices, excited by a view of 
 the lineaments of Frampton's face, let me say im- 
 partially, fronti nulla fides ; and on the same view 
 let me add that the observations or opinions of an 
 ignorant smith do not so well go to the proof of a 
 naturally cruel disposition in Frampton, as to that 
 of a fit of enthusiastic weakness in mvself, which 
 alone could urge me to the repetition of such a 
 tale. Farther, it may be fair to suspect the cruel 
 anecdote of the father of the turf and his horse 
 Dragon, as a pious fraud, invented by those who 
 might think it a great merit in a religious way to 
 cast a slander that would stick well upon the 
 unholy exercise of horse-racing. On the per con- 
 tra side (for I love to reason in all cases arith- 
 metically, and whenever I suspect the omission of 
 a fraction on either side, I am never satisfied with 
 
394 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the truth of my account) thus much may and 
 ought to be said : the anecdote, however barbarous 
 and inhuman, is strictly probable, and may be 
 matched in too great a multitude of melancholy 
 instances. The object in view was a very large 
 sum of money, and perhaps the moral dialectics of 
 that day differed not very greatly from that of a 
 later period, in which present profit is supposed to 
 constitute the essence of justice — to ourselves — 
 and that ourselves are our nearest relatives. I 
 really cannot conceive but that some such fact per- 
 petrated must have been the ground of that universal 
 tradition, whether or not the eminent person named 
 were the perpetrator. 
 
 ** Supposing the affirmative, the circumstance 
 might have occurred in the thoughtless season 
 of youth and dissipation, and the manners of Mr. 
 Frampton's latter life might have presented far 
 different and far softer aspects. 
 
 *' Treagonwell Frampton, Esq., keeper of the run- 
 ning horses at Newmarket to William III., Queei 
 Anne, George I. and II., died in the year 1 727, aged 
 eighty-six years ; he might therefore have been a 
 proprietor of racers in the reign of Charles II.; and 
 the famous Dragon, who precedes our oldest racing 
 annals, and of v/hom we know nothing but by oral 
 tradition, may have flourished about that time. It 
 is yet possible that the origin of this story may be 
 traced in some of the old periodical publications, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 395 
 
 and with that remark I must leave it to those who 
 have leisure for such researches." 
 
 The opinion of all the eminent veterinary sur- 
 geons we have consulted, is in favor of the possi- 
 bility of a horse being able to run a race imme- 
 diately after castration ; and from the frequent 
 occurrence of acts of cruelty to horses and other 
 animals at the period in which Mr. Frampton lived, 
 we think it highly probable such a race may have 
 taken place. Whether or not Mr. Frampton was 
 guilty of this cruel act, we have no means of 
 deciding ; but the universal belief which appears 
 to have existed from the early part of the 
 eighteenth century upwards, that he was the indi- 
 vidual alluded to by the benevolent Dr. Hawks- 
 worth, inclines us strongly to believe so. 
 
 Another story is told of this remarkable charac- 
 ter, from which we may perceive that the black legs 
 may justly lay claim to be considered part of the 
 family of the father of the turf. 
 
 Merlin^ was matched for a considerable sum of 
 money to run against a favorite horse of Mr. 
 Frampton 's at Newmarket. Immediately on its 
 being closed there was great betting between the 
 
 * Old Merlin was bred by Sir Matthew Pierson, Bart., and sold ta 
 Mr. Acklam for a stallion. He was got by Bustler (son of the Helms- 
 ley Turk). Merlin won several plates and great matches ; he was in 
 very high form for racing, and allowed to be the best horse that had 
 ever ran in the kingdom. He was sire of Mr. Betthell's AVoodcock 
 and Castaway, Mr. Richardson's Merlin, and several others. 
 
396 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 north and south country gentlemen. After Mer- 
 Im had been some Httle time at Newmarket, 
 under the care of one Hesletme, Mr. Frampton's 
 groom endeavoured to bring him over to run the 
 two horses a private trial, at the stated weights and 
 distance agreed upon in the match, — observing that 
 by that means they might both make their fortunes. 
 Hesletine refused, but in such a manner as to give 
 the other hopes of bringing him over. Jn the 
 meanwhile, Hesletine took the opportunity of 
 communicating by letter into Yorkshire, the pro- 
 posed offer to Sir WilUam Strickland, Bart., who 
 was principally concerned in making the match. 
 Sir William returned for answer that he might 
 accept of it ; and instructed Hesletine to be sure 
 to deceive his competitor, by letting Merlin carry 
 seven pounds more weight than that agreed upon, 
 and at the same time laying a particular injunction 
 on secrecy. 
 
 Soon after Hesletine received this hint, he con- 
 sented to the proposal ; but previous thereto Mr. 
 Frampton had given his groom similar instruc- 
 tions. The two horses were prepared, started, and 
 run over the course agreed to m the articles of the 
 match, when Merlin beat his antagonist some- 
 thing more than a length of excellent running. 
 This being communicated to each party by their 
 secret and faithful grooms, who both rode the 
 trial, flattered each with certain success. Merlin's 
 
BRITISH TURK. 397 
 
 friends observed that as he had beat the other 
 with some pounds more weight, he would win 
 his race easy. On the other side, says Mr. Framp- 
 ton, as my horse ran Merlin so near with seven 
 pounds extra weight, he will win to a certainty. 
 
 Immediately after, proposals were made on both 
 sides to a very enormous amount, and accepted ; 
 and it has been asserted that there was more 
 money betted upon this event than was ever before 
 known ; some gentlemen not only staking all the 
 cash they were able to advance, but their other 
 property also. 
 
 At length the important hour arrived for the 
 determination of this great event, and each party 
 was flushed with success ; the south country gen- 
 tlemen observing to those of the north, that " they 
 would bet them gold whilst gold they had, and 
 then they would sell their land." The horses 
 started, and the race was won by Merlin, about 
 the same distance as in the secret trial. In a 
 short time after, the truth became known. 
 
 Merlin was rode by Jerome Hare of Cold Kirby, 
 near Hambleton. 
 
 In consequence of several gentlemen having 
 been entirely ruined by the above event, a law was 
 soon afterwards passed by the legislature, against 
 the recovery of any sum of money exceeding ten 
 pounds, betted or laid between any parties for the 
 future. 
 
398 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 A gentlemen who visited Newmarket in the 
 reign of Queen Anne, and afterwards pabUshed his 
 remarks, gives the following account of the doings 
 there in his day. 
 
 *' Being there in October, I had the opportunity 
 to see the horse races, and a great concourse of the 
 nobility and gentry, as well from London, as all 
 parts of England ; but they were all so intent, 
 so eager, so busy upon the sharping part of the 
 sport, their wagers, their bets, that to me they 
 seemed just as so many horse coursers inSmithfield ; 
 descending, the greatest of them, from their high 
 dignity and quality, to the picking one another's 
 pockets, and biting one another as much as 
 possible, and that with so much eagerness, as it 
 might be said, they acted without respect to faith, 
 honour, or good manners. 
 
 '* There was Mr. Frampton, the oldest, and as 
 they say, the cunningest jockey in England ; one 
 day he lost 1000 gs. the next he won 2000, and so 
 alternately. He made as light of throwing away 
 £500 or £1000 at a time, as other men do of their 
 pocket money, and was perfectly calm, cheerful and 
 unconcerned when he had lost a thousand pounds, 
 as when he won it. On the other side, there was 
 Sir F. Ragg of Sussex, of whom fame says, he has 
 the most in him and the least to shew for it, relat- 
 ing to jockey ship, of any man there ; yet he often 
 carried off the prize. His horses they say were all 
 
BRITISH TURF. 399 
 
 cheats, how honest soever their master was, for he 
 scarcely ever produced a horse, but he looked Hke 
 what he was not, and was what nobody could ex- 
 pect him to be. 
 
 ** If he was as light as the wind, and could fly 
 like a meteor, he was sure to look as clumsy and 
 as dirty, and as much like a cart horse, as all the 
 cunning of his master and the grooms could make 
 him ; and just in this manner, he hit some of the 
 greatest gamesters in the field. 
 
 ** I was so sick of the jockeying part, that I left 
 the crowd about the posts, and pleased myself with 
 observing the horses, how the creatures yielded to 
 all the arts and management of their masters ; how 
 they took their airings in sport, and played with 
 the daily heats, which they ran over the course 
 before the grand day, but how as knowing the 
 difference equally with their riders, they would 
 there exert their utmost strength, as much as at 
 the time of the race itself, and that to such an 
 extremity, that one or two of them died in the 
 stable, when they came to be rubbed after the first 
 heat. 
 
 *^ Here I fancied myself in the Circus Maximus 
 at Rome, seeing the ancient games, and under this 
 deception was more pleased than I possibly could 
 have been among the crowds of gentlemen at the 
 weighing and starting posts, or at their meetings at 
 the coffee houses and gaming tables, after the races 
 were over. Pray take it with you, as you go, that 
 
400 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 you see no ladies at Newmarket, except a few of 
 the neighbouring gentlemen's families, who come 
 in their carriages to see a race, and then go home 
 again." 
 
 During the early periods of racing, the best 
 horses seldom ran more than five or six times, 
 and some not so often, there being scarcely any 
 plates of note except royal ones ; and very few 
 sweepstakes or matches were made, except at 
 Newmarket, till about the year 1760. 
 
 The great subscriptions at York did not com- 
 mence till the year 1751, and were run for by 
 ^ve year olds, lOst., four miles on the Wednes- 
 days ; 9st., two-mile heats, on the Fridays. Each 
 subscriber paid £10 yearly, for w^hich he was 
 allowed two silver tickets, viz. : one for each 
 stakes, and the tickets were transferable. Non- 
 subscribers were admitted on paying 20 gs. for 
 each horse entered, and the city of York gave 
 £50 to each day's race. The same was continued 
 for seven years, when they were renewed, with 
 Thursday's subscriptions for six years old and 
 a2:ed horses, &c. One four-mile heats and matches 
 were also begun at York about the year 1750, and 
 after that time they became general. 
 
 At Newmarket, till the year 1744, there were 
 only two plates run for in October, viz. : the 
 King's plate and the tow^n plate ; but in 1744 the 
 trading inhabitants ofNew^market raised two plates 
 
BRITISH TURF. 401 
 
 of 50 gs. each; one for five years old, 9st., and 
 the other free for any horse, &c., 9st., four mile 
 heats ; there was also 50 gs. raised hy the con- 
 tributions of persons of property, for four-year 
 olds, 8st. 71b. each, four miles. At this period 
 there were only two meetings at Newmarket, 
 viz. : the first in April, and the other in October; 
 but in 1 753 there was a second spring meeting 
 added, in which two Jockey Club plates, and 
 several matches, were run for. 
 
 In 1759, the weights and scales plate was 
 begun ; in 1 762 a second October meeting com- 
 menced of sweepstakes and matches ; in 1 765, 
 the July meeting; in 1770, the Houghton Meet- 
 ing; and in 1771, the Craven meeting, with a 
 subscription of 5 gs. each, 21 subscribers, called 
 the Craven stakes, for all ages, from the ditch to 
 the turn of the lands, which stakes were won 
 by Mr. Vernon's Pantaloon, beating thirteen others. 
 
 All the above meetings are still continued, and 
 several plates and sweepstakes added to each. 
 
 In 1727, there were only eleven royal plates 
 run for in England, viz. : one at Newmarket in 
 April, for 6 yrs. old horses, &c., 12st. heats, the 
 Round Course,^ (first called the King's Plate 
 Course ;J one for 5 yrs. old mares, lOst., one heat 
 over the Round Course ; one in October, for 
 6 yrs. old horses, 12st,, heats, the Round Course ; 
 
 * The length of the Round Course is three miles, six furlongs, and 
 ninety-three yards. 
 
 VOL. I. D D 
 
402 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 one at York (which commenced in 1711,) for 
 6 yrs. old horses, 12st., 4 mile heats; one at 
 Black Hambleton, Yorkshire, (this was a very 
 ancient plate, ^ but of which no regular account 
 was kept until the year 1715), for 5 yrs. old 
 mares, lOst., 4 miles, and which was run for 
 on the Saturday preceding the York August meet- 
 ings ; one at each of the following places, viz. : 
 Nottingham, Lincoln, Guilford, Winchester, and 
 Lewes, for 6 yrs. old horses, 12st., 4 mile heats ; 
 and one at Ipswich, for 5 yrs. old horses, lOst., 
 2 mile heats; but in 1744, they were altered to 
 two mile and quarter heats, and in 1750, for 4 yrs. 
 old, 9st. two mile and quarter heats. 
 
 In 1723, his Majesty was pleased to give a plate 
 to Salisbury, for 6 yrs. old horses, 12st., 4 mile 
 heats; in 1729, one to Canterbury, for 6 yrs., old 
 horses, 12st., 4 mile heats ; in 1748, one to Lich- 
 field, for 5 yrs. old horses, lOst., 2 mile heats ; 
 in 1753, one to Newcastle, for 5 yrs. old horses, 
 lOst., 3 mile heats ; in 1755, one to Burford, for 
 5 yrs. old horses, 9 st., 3 mile heats; (in 1767, 
 
 * The Hambleton Royal Gold Cup, at its first comrDencement, 
 was free for either horse, mare, or gelding, provided they were no 
 more than 5 yrs. old, weight lOst., four miles. The first that was run 
 for, was won by Sir Wm. Strickland's Syphax, sire of the Hampton 
 mare, that was the dam of Mr. Elstob's (of Yorkshire) Shadowby 
 Almanzor. At Mr. Elstob's decease (1733) she was sold to Sir E. 
 O'Brien, and was afterwards called Dairymaid. In the reign of 
 Queen Anne, the Royal Cup at Hambleton was altered, and run for 
 by mares only. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 403 
 
 the latter was altered to lOst., 3 mile heats;) 
 and in 1763, one to Carlisle, for 5 yrs. old horses, 
 8st. 71bs., 3 mile heats. 
 
 The first account of the royal plate at Edin- 
 burgh was published in 1728, when it w^as ran for 
 by 6 yrs. old horses, 12st. 4 mile heats ; but as 
 very few horses of any note ran at Leith, it was 
 not regularly inserted in the racing calendars, as 
 those run for in England. In 1752, it was altered, 
 and ordered to be run for by 4 yrs. old, 8st. 41bs. 
 5 yrs., 9st. ; 6 yrs., 9st. lOlbs., and aged, lOst. 
 31bs., 4 mile heats; except in the years 1756, 
 1757, 1758, and 1760, when his Majesty's plate 
 of 100 gs. w^as divided into two plates, 50 gs. each, 
 and run for as such. 
 
 Before we proceed to give the pedigrees and 
 performances of the most celebrated race-horses, 
 beginning with the immediate descendants of the 
 eastern horses, given in our fourth chapter, and 
 carried up to the present day, we think the fol- 
 lowing extract may prove both interesting and 
 curious. It is from an old work published in 
 1680, in the reign of Charles II, entitled, The 
 Compleat Gamester ; or Instructions how to play at 
 Billiards^ 8fc., ^c. ; together with all manner of usual 
 and most Gentile Games, either on Cards or Dice, 
 to which is added the Arts and Mysteries of Riding, 
 Racing, Archery, and Cock-Fighting , 
 
 " For the compleating a gentleman's delight in 
 
 D D 2 
 
404 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the art of racing, he is to take special cognizance 
 of these subsequent rules and orders. 
 
 *' First, he is to consider what is the most con- 
 venient time to take his horse up from grass, which 
 is about Bartholomew tide, the day being dry, 
 fair and pleasant. As soon as he is taken up, let 
 him stand all that night in some convenient dry 
 place to empty his body ; the next day put him 
 into a stable, and feed him with wheat straw, but 
 no longer ; for though the rule be good in taking 
 up horses' bellies after this manner, yet if you 
 exceed your time in so doing, this straw will 
 straighten his guts, heat his liver, and hurt his 
 blood. Therefore what you want in straw, let it 
 be supplied by riding him to water, morning and 
 evening airings, and other moderate exercise. And 
 for his food, let it be good old sweet hay, and 
 clothe him according to the weather and the temper 
 of his body ; for as the year grows colder, and 
 thereby you find his hair rise and stare about his 
 neck, flanks, or other parts, then add a woollen 
 cloth, or more if need require, till his hair fall 
 smooth. Here note, that a rough coat shews 
 want of cloth, and a smooth coat, cloth enough. 
 
 ** A race-horse ought to be drest in his resting 
 days twice a-day, before his morning and evening 
 waterings ; and must be done after this manner. 
 Curry him from the tips of his ears to the setting 
 on of his tail, all his body entirely over with an 
 iron comb, his legs under the knees and gambuls 
 
BRITISH TURF. 405 
 
 excepted ; then dust him and curry him high again 
 all over with a round brush of bristles ; then dust 
 him a second time, and rub all the loose hair off 
 with your hand dipt in fair water, and continue 
 rubbing till he is as dry as at first. Then rub 
 every part of him with a hair-cloth ; and lastly, 
 rub him all over with a white linen cloth. Then 
 pick his eyes, nostrils, feet, etc., very clean. Then 
 cloath and stop him round with wisps. 
 
 ** There is no better water for a race-horse than 
 a running river of clear spring, about a mile and a 
 half from the stable, near some level ground, 
 where you may gallop him afterwards. Having 
 scoped him a little, bring him to the water again, 
 so often till he refuse to drink more for that time. 
 After this, walk him home, clothe and stop him up 
 round with great soft wisps, and having stood an 
 hour upon the bridle, feed him with sweet sound 
 oats, either dried by age or art. If your horse be 
 low of flesh, or hath a bad stomach, add one third 
 of beans to two thirds of oats, and that will recover 
 both. 
 
 '' The next food vou shall 2:ive him shall be 
 better and stronger, and it is bread, which you 
 must make after this manner : — Take two bushels 
 of beans and one of wheat, and grind them toge- 
 ther, then boult through a fine range, add the 
 quantity of half a bushel of fine meal, and bake it 
 into three loaves, and the rest sift through a meal 
 sieve, and knead it with water and good store of 
 
406 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 barm, and bake it in great loaves. With the 
 coarser bread feed your runner in his resting days, 
 and with the finer against the days of his exercise 
 and greatest labour. 
 
 *' The times of his feeding, upon the days of his 
 rest, must be after his coming from water in the 
 morning ; an hour after mid-day ; after his evening 
 watering ; and at ten o'clock at night. But upon 
 his labouring days, two hours after he is thoroughly 
 cold, outwardly and inwardly ; afterwards as afore- 
 said. 
 
 *' Let his hay be dry and short ; if it be sweet 
 no matter how coarse it is, for if it be ro^agh it 
 will scour his teeth. As for the proportion of his 
 food, I need not prescribe a quantity, since you 
 must allow him according to the goodness or bad- 
 ness of his stomach. 
 
 " His exercise ought to be thrice a week, and it 
 must be more or less according to the condition 
 of his body ; for if it be foul, exercise him mode- 
 rately to break his grease ; if clean, you may do as 
 you think fit, having a care that you discourage 
 him not, nor abate his mettle ; and after every 
 exercise give him that night, or the next morning, 
 a scouring. The best I know of to purge a horse 
 from all grease, glut, or filth whatever, is this : 
 take three ounces of aniseeds, a dram and a half of 
 carthamus, two drams of fenugreek-seed, and of 
 brimstone an ounce and a half; beat all these to a 
 fine powder, and searse them ; then take of salad 
 
BRITISH TURF. 407 
 
 oil somewhat more than a pint, a pound and a half 
 of honey, and a pottle of white wine ; then with fine 
 white meal, knead it well into a strong paste, and 
 keep it by you ; it will last a long time. When 
 you use it, dissolve a ball thereof in a pail of fair 
 water, and give it him to drink after exercise, in 
 the dark, lest discolouring the water, the horse 
 refuse to drink. 
 
 '' This is an excellent scouring, and a cure for 
 all internal distempers. 
 
 '' Now, after exercise, cool him a little abroad 
 before you bring him home ; then house him and 
 litter him well, rubbing him with dry clothes till 
 there be never a wxt hair about him ; then clothe 
 and wisp him round. 
 
 " Here note, before you air your horse, it will 
 be requisite to break a new egg into his mouth, 
 for it will add to his wind. If he be fat, air him 
 before sunrise and after sunset; but if lean, let 
 him have as much comfort of the sun as you can. 
 Coursing in his clothes sometimes to make him 
 sweat is not irrequisite, so it be moderately done ; 
 but when without his clothes, let it be sharp 
 and swift. Let his body be empty before he 
 course ; and to wash his tongue and nostrils with 
 vinegar, ere you back him, is wdiolesome. Having 
 coursed him, clothe him, after he hath taken breath, 
 and ride him home gently. 
 
 *' To be short, what is here defective in the right 
 ordering of a race-horse, your own judgments may 
 
408 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 easily supply. All that yoa have to do, is to be 
 careful when you take him up, how to clothe hiua 
 and dress him, when and how to feed and water, 
 what and how much exercise is requisite, either 
 by airing or by coursing, and his ordering after 
 exercise, and what scourings are most requisite ; 
 and that I may add a little more to your know- 
 ledge, and conclude this subject, take these ge- 
 neral rules and instructions : — 
 
 *' 1. Course not your horse hard at least four or 
 five days before you run your match, lest the sore- 
 ness of his limbs abate his speed. 
 
 *' 2. Except your horse be a foul feeder, muzzle 
 him not above two or three nights before his 
 match, and the night before his bloody courses. 
 
 *' 3. As you give your horse gentle courses, give 
 him sharp ones too, that he may as well find com- 
 fort as displeasure therein. 
 
 '^ 4. Upon the match day let your horse be 
 empty, and that he take his rest undisturbed till 
 you lead him out. 
 
 "5. Shoe your horse ever a day before you run 
 him, that the pain of the hammers' knocks may 
 be out of his feet. 
 
 *' 6. Saddle your horse on the race-day in the 
 stable before you lead him forth, and Hx both 
 the pummel and the girths to his back and sides 
 with shoemaker's wax, to prevent all dangers. 
 
 *' 7. Lead your horse to his coarse with all gen- 
 tleness, and give him leave to smell of other 
 
BRITISH TURF. 40^ 
 
 horses' dung, that thereby he may be enticed to 
 stale, and empty his belly as he goes. 
 
 *' 8. Lastly, when you come to the place where 
 you must start, first rub his limbs well, then un- 
 cloathe him, then take his back, and the word 
 given, start him with all gentleness that may be, 
 lest doing anything rashly, you choak him in his 
 own wind. 
 
 *' A race- horse ought to have all the finest 
 shapes that may be, but above all things, he must 
 be nimble, quick, and fiery, apt to fly with the 
 least motion. Long shapes are tolerably good; 
 for though they shew weakness, yet they assure 
 speed. The best horse for this use, is the Arabian 
 Barbary, or his bastard, not but Jennets are good, 
 but the Turks much better. 
 
 ** Having laid you down all these advantages 
 for the ordering of your racer, from his taking 
 up, to the day of his running, I hope you will 
 make such good use of them, that if upon an 
 equal match, you should lay your money on the 
 heels of your horse so ordered, he shall be so far 
 from kicking away his master's stake, that the 
 nimbleness of his feet shall make it double. 
 
 "• I might here insert the many subtleties and 
 tricks there are used in making a match ; the 
 craft of the betters, with the knavery of the riders ; 
 but that they are now too generally known, by 
 the woful experience of too many racing-losers," 
 
410 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Pedigrees and Performances of the most celebrated race-liorses from 
 Basto in 1703 up to Marske, (sire of Eclipse) in 1750, &c. &c. — Basto 
 — Old Scar — Bay Bolton — Lamprie — Brocklesby Betty — Molley 
 — Buck-hunter — Fox — Flying Childers — Bonny Black — Bartlett's 
 Childers — Squirrel — Miss Neesham — Old Cartouch — Mr. Calvert's 
 wager — Bald Charlotte — Crab — Hobgoblin — Fearnought — Starling 
 — Partner — Young Cartouch — Little Partner — Miss Layton — Lath 
 — Spanking Roger — Second Volunteer — All the horses *' distanced/* 
 in a race at Mai don in 1738 — Torismond — Moorcock — Babram — 
 Little Driver — Silver Leg — Othello — Sampson — Mr. Cooper Thorn- 
 hill's match against time, 213 miles in 11 hours, 33 minutes and 
 52 seconds — Match' em — BriUiant — Forester. 
 
 Basto. — A brown horse, foaled in 1 703, bred 
 by Sir William Ramsden, Bart, of Byram, near 
 Ferrybridge, Yorkshire ; and sold, when young, to 
 the Duke of Devonshire. He was got by the 
 Byerley Turk ; his dam was called Bay Peg, a 
 daughter of Leedes's Arabian, sire of Leedes and 
 of the grandam of Childers. Basto's grandam 
 was out of a daughter of Mr. Leedes's Bald Peg, 
 and got by old Spanker. Bald Peg, Basto's great 
 grandam was bred by Lord General Fairfax, out 
 of a mare of the same name, and got by his Lord- 
 ship's Morocco barb. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 41 1 
 
 Basto won several matches at Newmarket, but 
 the accounts are deficient for several years, in men- 
 tioning the sums that he, as well as many other 
 horses, ran for at that place. The horses Basto 
 beat are as follows, viz: in October 1708, at 
 8st. 31b. he beat the Lord Treasurer's Squirrel, 
 7st. 121b., four miles ; and in November following, 
 at 8 St. 51b. he beat the Lord Treasurer's Billy, 
 8st. 31b. ; five miles. In March 1709 Basto at 
 8st. 51b. beat Lord Ravlton's Chance, 7st. four 
 miles ; and in October following, at 8st. 51b. he 
 beat Mr. Pulleine's Tantivy, 8st. 51b. five miles. 
 In 1710, Basto carrying 8st. 71b. beat the 
 Marquis of Dorchester's Brisk, 8st. 31b. ; four 
 miles. He then became a stallion in the Duke of 
 Devonshire's stud, and died about the year 
 1723. 
 
 Basto was looked upon, when in keeping at New- 
 market, to be in a very high form for running ; he 
 had an appearance of pride and spirit, which added 
 greatly to his figure ; he was remarkably strong, and 
 was allowed to be one of the most beautiful horses 
 of his colour that ever appeared in this kingdom. 
 
 Basto was sire of the Duke of Devonshire's Old 
 Coquette, Gimcrack, Soreheels, and little Lear ; of 
 the Duke of Rutland's Black-eyed Susan, Dimple 
 and brown Betty, dam of Mr. Cole's Foxhunter ; 
 he also got the dam of Bay Motte, Old Crab, 
 Blacklegs, Hip, Puff, Snip, &c. and the grandam 
 of Mr. Vernon's Milliner, the Duke of Grafton's 
 
412 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Magnet, Madam, &c. He covered very few mares 
 besides the Dukes of Devonshire's and Rut- 
 land's. 
 
 Old Scar, bred by WilHam Crofts Esq., of 
 Barforth, Yorkshire, and sold to the Duke of De- 
 vonshire. Old Scar was got by Makeless, his 
 dam by Lord d'Arcy's Councillor ; grandam by 
 Brimmer, a daughter of Place's white Turk, out of 
 Mr. Layton's Violet barb mare. 
 
 At Newmarket in 1710, Old Scar, at 8st. 71b. 
 beat Lord Porchester's Bay Wanton, 9st. four 
 miles. At Newmarket in April 1712, he beat Lord 
 Harvey's Lady thigh, 8st. each, four miles. In 
 April 1713, he beat Ladythigh a second time, 8st. 
 each, three miles. He also in the same month, 
 beat Ladythigh a third time, 7st. 31b. ; each three 
 miles. After which he became a stallion in his 
 Grace's stud and was sire of some first rate running 
 horses, and brood mares. 
 
 Makeless was got by Sir Thomas Oglethorp's 
 Arabian, and greatly esteemed for running, as also 
 for a stallion. He was sire of Sir Ralph Milbank's 
 famous black mare, who was the dam of Mr. 
 Hartley's noted blind stallion. He also got the 
 dam of Bay Bolton and Lamprie, the dam of Mr. 
 Egerton's Counsellor, the dam of Mr. Croft's Bus- 
 tard, and grandam of his Flintshire Lady ; the 
 grandam of Old Carton ch, &c. 
 
 Bay Bolton, first called brown Lusty, a brown 
 bay horse, foaled in 1705, bred by Sir Matthew 
 
BRITISH TURF. 4] 3 
 
 Peirson, Bart., of Yorkshire, and sold to the Duke 
 of Bolton. Bay Bolton, was got by Grey Hunt- 
 ley, bred by Sir William Strickland ; his dam 
 was a black mare of Sir Matthew Peirson's, 
 got by Makeless, grandam by Brimmer, a daughter 
 of Diamond out of a full sister to the dam of old 
 Merlin. 
 
 At York in 1710, Bay Bolton, then five years 
 old, and the first time of his running, won Queen 
 Ann's gold cup, for six years old horses, ]2st. four 
 mile heats, beating eight six years old horses — 
 a case very rare, especially at a place so eminent, 
 and in a county at that time renowned above all 
 others in the kingdom, for producing the greatest 
 number of high bred horses. Bay Bolton also won 
 the subscription purse at Middleham Moor, and 
 the rich prize at Quainton-Meadow. He was then 
 sold to the Duke of Bolton, who sent him to New- 
 market, where he won a match againt the Duke of 
 Somerset's Wyndham, one against Sir Matthew 
 Peirson's Merlin, and two against Mr. Frampton's 
 Dragon. 
 
 Bay Bolton was eminent both for his figure and 
 running, and likewise as an excellent stallion, 
 — as will be found in the various pedigrees. He 
 died in the Duke of Bolton's stud at Bolton Hall, 
 Yorkshire, about the year 1736, being upwards of 
 thirty years of age. 
 
 Lamprie, a grey horse, foaled in 1715, bred by 
 Sir Matthew Peirson, Bart, of Yorkshire, and sold 
 
414 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 to Thomas Panton, Esq., of Newmarket. — Lam- 
 prie was own brother to Bay Bolton, and their 
 dam was also dam of Sir Matthew Peirson Lugg's 
 mare, a daughter of Darley's Arabian, the sire of 
 Childers. 
 
 In 1721, Lamprie won a match at Newmarket, 
 beating a mare of the Duke of Somerset's ; he also 
 won the King's Plate at Lewes. He then became 
 the property of Mr. Neal, in whose possession, he 
 won the King's Plate at Newmarket, in October 
 1 72 1 ; after which he was sold to Sir William Mor- 
 gan, Bart, in whose hands he won the King's Plate 
 at Newmarket, in April 1722, and beat Lord 
 Milsintoune's Rake, a match for 200 gs. and on 
 the same day, received 150 gs. forfeit from Rake. 
 He also won a match of 200 gs. from Lord Tan- 
 kerville's famous Sophonisba ; one of 40 gs. from 
 Mr. Goreswood's Puzzle ; and received 100 gs. 
 from the Carlisle gelding. 
 
 Lamprie w^as sire of some excellent horses ; but 
 was unfortunately killed at the time of his becom- 
 ing a favo rite stallion. 
 
 Brocklesby Betty, a dark chestnut mare, foaled 
 in 1711, bred by Charles Pelham, Esq., of Brock- 
 lesby, Lincolnshire. 
 
 Betty was got by the Curwin bay barb, sire of 
 the dam of Mr. Croft's Partner ; her dam was 
 called the Hobby, bred by Mr. Leedes, got by 
 Lister's Turk. 
 
 At Newmarket in April 1716 Betty, then rising 
 
BRITISH TURF. 415 
 
 five years old, beat a mare of the Duke of Devon- 
 shire's for 100 gs. and in August following, she 
 beat ten mares for the Royal Cup at Hambleton. 
 In April 1717, Betty beat eight mares for the 
 Royal Cup at Newmarket. In August, she won 
 the silver tea board at Lincoln ; and the gold cup, 
 value £60, for six yrs. old, lOst. four mile heats, 
 at York, beating at three heats, Leedes's roan 
 mare, Sophonisba by old Spanker, and Colonel 
 Frankland's Squirrel. Betty was rode by John 
 South, Sophonisba by Stephen Jefferson, and 
 Squirrell by Thomas Errett. In October follow- 
 ing, she beat four horses for the Royal Cup at 
 Newmarket. In April 1718, Betty beat six horses 
 for the Royal Cup at Newmarket, and in May fol- 
 lowing, she beat the Duke of Wharton's Snail for 
 200 gs. Betty afterwards won a match of 900 gs. 
 aside, against the Duke of Bridgewater's Os- 
 tridge-Ball, son of Leedes ; who was, at that 
 time, supposed to be the best horse in the king- 
 dom. 
 
 Brocklesby Betty, as a runner, was thought to 
 be superior to any horse or mare of her time, not- 
 withstanding she was a brood mare before she 
 was trained. 
 
 Betty subsequently became a favourite brood 
 mare, in Mr. Croft's stud, and will be frequently 
 met with in the following pedigrees. 
 
 Brocklesby, foaled in 1723, bred by Mr. 
 
416 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Crofts, and got by Greyhand, out of Brocklesby 
 Betty. 
 
 Brocklesby won the contribution stakes at New- 
 market, in October 1728, beating Lord Halifax's 
 Stroxtongrey, Lord W. Manners's Archer, Duke of 
 Devonshire's Blue-cap, Duke of Somerset's Patch- 
 Buttocks, Mr. Coke's Bald Ovington, Lord Mil- 
 sintoune's Surly, Dake of Bolton's Shapeless, and 
 the Duke of Rutland's, Squirrel. In 1730, he 
 won £40 at Peterborough, beating Miss Pert, &c., 
 and 40 gs. at Epsom. He afterwards won 20 gs. 
 at Newmarket, £20 at Spalding, £30 at Bolton, 
 &c., and £20 again at Spalding. 
 
 Bonny Black, a black mare, foaled in 1715; 
 was bred by, and the property of, the Duke of 
 Rutland. She was got by a stalhon of his 
 Graces's own breed, called Black-Hearty, a son 
 of the Byerley Turk. 
 
 Bonny Black was a mare of great eminence, 
 having a very considerable share of speed, and also 
 possessed of goodness to support her running. 
 
 At Newmarket in April 1719, Bonny Black, 
 then rising four years old, beat a horse of Mr. 
 Frampton's, rising seven, at lOst. each. In Au- 
 gust following she won the King's Plate at Ham- 
 bleton, beating thirty five years old mares ; there 
 were five more entered, but drawn at the time of 
 starting ; which was the greatest number that ever 
 entered for that plate. In August 1720, she 
 
BRITISH TURF. 41? 
 
 again won the King's Plate at Hambleton, beating 
 seventeenothers. In April 1721, she won the King's 
 Plate for mares at Newmarket. When six years 
 old, she beat Lord Harvey's Merryman, aged, and 
 allowed him 3st. ; she also beat the noted Hack- 
 wood, at 8st. each ; after which the Duke chal- 
 lenged to run her against any horse or mare in the 
 kingdom, for 1000 gs. four times round the King's 
 Plate course without rubbing ; which challenge was 
 not accepted. 
 
 Bonny Black was the only mare that won the 
 Royal Plate at Hambleton twice ; a remarkable 
 circumstance, when it is considered that she had 
 travelled from Newmarket, and then had to start 
 against such a great number of mares, in a country 
 famed for its breed of racers, and that she gave 
 away her year at lOst. weights. She afterwards 
 became a brood mare in his Grace's stud, and 
 from her sprang a number of fine horses, as will 
 appear in many of these pedigrees. 
 
 Mr. Panton's Molly. Bred bv — Thurland, 
 Esq., of the county of Surrey, and sold to Thomas 
 Panton, Esq., of Newmarket. 
 
 Molly was got by Sir John Parson's Thoulouse 
 barb. It was reported that her dam was bought 
 in a fair, for a trifling sum of money, and therefore 
 it was imagined that she was a mare of little es- 
 teem, and not well bred; but several sportsmen 
 at that time insisted on the contrary ; asserting 
 
 VOL. I. E E 
 
418 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 that she was a daughter of a full sister to Quiet. 
 Molly was not a mare of great size, nor had she 
 so considerahle a share of speed as some others 
 have had ; but was of such durable last in run- 
 ning, that she was never beat at Newmarket till in 
 a match, which cost her her life. 
 
 At Newmarket in J 720, Molly beat Mr. Framp- 
 ton's Potatoe, for 200 gs. ; Lord Drogheda's 
 Pickle-Herring, for 150 gs. ; Lord Milsintowne's 
 mare, two matches of 100 gs. each ; and received 
 50 gs. from a mare of Mr. Cumberland's. In 1721 
 she beat Lord Milsintowne's Skipling, for 200 gs. ; 
 and received the following forfeits, viz : 100 gs. from 
 Mr. Proby's Chimney-sweeper; 150 gs., from Mr. 
 Frampton's Dun ; and three of 100 gs. each, from 
 Lord Drogheda's Tickle-pitcher ; these three were 
 made to be run in one day. In 1722, she beat Sir 
 William Morgan's Bean for 300 gs. ; and Mr. 
 Frampton's Miss Worksop for 150 gs. In 1723, 
 she beat Lord Drogheda's Snip for 300 gs. and 
 his Lordship's Witty gelding for 200 gs. ; and re- 
 ceived 1000 gs. forfeit from Lord Tankerville's 
 Sophonisba. Molly was further matched against 
 the Duke of Bolton's Terror, and was to have run 
 two hours after against his Grace's Badger ; but in 
 running the first, she was suddenly seized with an 
 illness,, and died in great agony between the stand 
 and the rubbing-house. The sums she won and 
 received in forfeits, were very rarely paralleled. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 419 
 
 and perhaps never exceeded by any horse of her 
 time. 
 
 BucKHUNTER, commonly called the Carlisle geld- 
 ing. Bred by the Earl of Carlisle of Castle Howard 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 Buckhunter was got by that noted stallion the 
 Bald Galloway; his dam, called the Wharton mare, 
 by Lord Carlisle's Turk, out of a daughter of the 
 said Bald Galloway, which was out of a Byerly 
 Turk mare. A curious old portrait of this horse 
 hangs in the rooms of Mr. Truefit, the well known 
 hair dresser, in the Burlington Arcade. Buck- 
 hunter was own brother to Old Lady, who was like- 
 wise bred by Lord Carlisle ; and his dam w^as also 
 the dam of Colonel Howard's Squirrel, and of his 
 Chesnut mare, that won the Royal Plate for mares, 
 at Newmarket, in April 1728. 
 
 At York, in July 1719, Buckhunter^ (the first 
 time of his running,) won her Majesty Queen 
 
 * In the year 1714, in running for her Majesty's Gold Cup, over 
 Clifton and Rawcliff Ings, near York, the third heat was most severely 
 contested between Mr. Childers's, Duchess (who had won the first 
 heat) and Mr. Peirson's Fox-hunter, who had won the second heat. 
 Robert Hesletine, who rode Duchess, ran Fox- hunter so near the 
 cords, that his rider Stephen Jefferson was obliged to whip over the 
 horse's shoulder. The heat was given by the Tryers to Fox-hunter, 
 but as both the riders had shown foul-play, and fought on horse-back, 
 many disputes arose amongst the sportsmen ; and it was agreed that 
 the heat should be run over again by Duchess and Fox-hunter, which 
 the former won by a clear length. In consequence of Mr. Childers 
 and Mr. Peirson both claiming the cup, a law-suit ensued, and all 
 
 E E 2 
 
420 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Ann's Gold Cup, value 100 gs.; and in August 
 following, he won the King's Gold Cup of the 
 same value, 12st. four mile heats ; beating Sober 
 John, Almanzor, Fox-hunter, &c. He also won the 
 King's Plate at Lincoln ; and the King's Plate at 
 Newmarket in October. In 1720, Buckhunter 
 won the King's Plate at Newmarket in April ; 
 after which he won several plates and matches 
 there, and supported the severity of running trials at 
 Newmarket for many years. When sold from thence, 
 though fourteen years old, he won the following 
 plates, viz : 50 gs. at Huntingdon, £50 at War- 
 wick, £50 at Bath, twice £40 at Peterborough, £40 
 at Litchfield, £30 at Stratford, £30 at Rothwell, 
 £30 at Rugby, £30 at Boston, £25 at Welsh-Pool, 
 Wales, £25 at Newmarket, £20 at Litchfield, 
 £20 at Leicester, £20 at Newcastle under Lynne, 
 
 bets were agreed to be withdrawn. In the meantime, her Majesty's 
 Gold Cup was invested in trust with Wilham Redman, Esq., Lord 
 Mayor of the city of York. It being settled by the court, (before 
 which the cause was heard) that all such horses, &c. as were not dis- 
 tanced, had an equal right to the cup, Mr Childers and Mr. Peirson, 
 as likewise Mr. Young and Mr. Moore (who each of them started 
 a horse for the first, second, and third heats,) sold their shares for 
 25 gs. each ; two of which were purchased by the Duke of Rutland, 
 one by the Earl of Carlisle, and the other by Sir William Lowther, 
 Bart, who agreed that it should be run for over again in the year 
 1719 ; — when it was won by Buckhunter ; beating at three heats, the 
 Duke of Rutland's bay mares, and Sir W. Lowther's Whitefoot. Buck- 
 hunter was rode by Match'ein Tims, who was then in great esteem as 
 a jockey. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 421 
 
 £20 at Melton, £20 at Spalding, and £15 at Nor- 
 thampton. When running for a plate at Salterly 
 common, Buckhmiter broke a leg, (after running 
 the first heat,) which deprived him of his life, and 
 he was buried near to the pales of Stilton church- 
 yard, where his misfortune happened, in the year 
 1731. 
 
 Though Buckhunter was in a very high form, 
 yet there were horses of his time that would beat 
 him ; but he had rarely an equal, and hardly ever 
 a superior, with relation to those principal points 
 of being capable of running with all degrees of 
 weight, of supporting repeated heats, of travelling 
 and running after, and of continuing to run on for 
 so great a number of years, and to the age that he 
 did. The excessive spirits of his youth rendered 
 him almost ungovernable, and caused him to be 
 castrated, which lost to breeders a promising 
 English stallion. 
 
 The Bald Galloway, (sire of Buckhunter), was 
 bred by Captain Rider of Whittlebury Forest, 
 Northamptonshire. He was got by a barb of 
 Monsieur St. Victor, of France, well known to 
 sportsmen by the name of St. Victor's barb ; his 
 dam was a mare of Captain Rider's, got by Mr. 
 Fenwick's Whynot, (son of his barb) ; his gran dam 
 was a royal mare. The Bald Galloway was also 
 sire of Lord Portmore's Snake and Daftbdil ; Mr. 
 Elstob's Cartouch ; Mr. Duncombe's Dart, (that 
 
422 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 won the King's Plate at York in 1722 ;) he also 
 got Mr. Howe's Foxhunter, and Grey Avington ; 
 Bald Avington, Roxana, (Cade and Lath's dam,) 
 Silverlocks, (Brilliant's grandam) and several 
 others that won plates in the north ; which brought 
 him into great repute as a stallion. He covered at 
 the Oak-tree, Leeming-lane, Yorkshire, where he 
 died. 
 
 Fox, commonly called Old Fox. A bay horse, 
 foaled in 1714. Bred by Sir Ralph Ashton, Bart., 
 and sold to Matthew Liston, Esq. 
 
 Sir Ralph Ashton purchased two mares of Mr. 
 Leedes, and had them both covered in one season, 
 (1713) by Clumsy, (son of Mr. Wilkes's Haut- 
 boy ;) one of which produced Fox, the other Fox- 
 Cub or Squirrel. The dam of Fox was called Bay 
 Peg, got by Leedes's Arabian ; grandam, young 
 Bald Peg, by the same Arabian, (sire of Leedes,) 
 out of Spanker's dam. 
 
 At York, in 1719, Fox won the ladies' plate for 
 five year olds, 8st. four mile, beating Lord Lons- 
 dale's Bay Jack, Duke of Ancaster's Blacklegs, and 
 nine others. He was then sold to the Duke of 
 Rutland, in whose possession he beat the Duke of 
 Wharton's Stripling, at Newmarket, for a consi- 
 derable sum. He won two King's plates at New- 
 market ; the King's Plate at Lewes ; and received 
 250 gs. from the Duke of Wharton's Swallows. 
 Fox then became the property of Mr. Cotton of 
 
BRITISH TURF. 423 
 
 Sussex, in whose hands he won the 300 gs. stakes 
 at Quainton Meadow ; he afterwards beat Lord 
 Hilsborough's Witty, gelding, for 2000 gs. from 
 whom he also received a forfeit of 100 gs. ; he like- 
 wise beat Lord Drogheda's Snip, three matches for 
 considerable sums ; and Mr. Frampton's Miss 
 Worksop, for 200 gs. 
 
 Fox was a stallion in Lord Portmore's stud, 
 and died in his Lordship's possession, in the spring 
 of 1738, aged 23. He was sire of Captain Ap- 
 pleyard's Cuddy and Conqueror ; of the Duke of 
 Bolton's Gohah and Merry Andrew ; of Lord 
 Portmore's Victorious and Slipby ; of Mr. Witty's 
 Mehora, (dam of the famous Tarter, sire of King 
 Herod ;) of the dam of the Duke of Cumberland's 
 Crab, Sir William Middleton's Childerkin, Mr. 
 Shafto's Snap, Northumberland, Swiss, Legacy, 
 &c. &c. 
 
 Spanker w^as bred by Charles Pelham, Esq., of 
 Brocklesby, Lincolnshire. He was got by the 
 d'Arcy, Yellow Turk ; his dam was called the 
 Old Morocco mare, by Lord Fairfax's Morocco 
 barb ; his grandam, called Old Bald Peg, bred by 
 the said Lord Fairfax, and got by an Arabian, out 
 of a barb mare. Spanker was sire of Mr. Leedes' 
 Old Careless ; Mr. Curwen's Young Spanker, 
 &c. He got the dam of old Leedes ; the grandam 
 of Mr. Dyer's Dimple; the grandam of Basto; 
 the grandam of Spanking Roger ; the great gran- 
 
424 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 dam of Flying Childers ; the great grandam of 
 the Bolton Fearnought ; and several others. 
 
 CniLnERS, also called Flying Childers. A 
 chesnut horse with part white on his nose, and four 
 white legs, foaled in 1715. Bred by Leonard Chil- 
 ders, Esq., of Carr-House near Doncaster, and was 
 purchased when young by the Duke of Devon- 
 shire. 
 
 Childers was got by the Darley Arabian ; his 
 dam called Betty Leedes, by Old Careless ; his 
 grandam (own sister to Leedes) by Leedes's Ara- 
 bian ; his great grandam by Spanker, out of the 
 Old Morocco mare, that was the dam of Spanker. 
 
 Childers started several times at Newmarket, 
 against the best horses of his time, and was never 
 beat. In April 1721, he beat the Duke of Bol- 
 ton's Speedwell, 8st. 71b. ; each, four miles, 500 gs. 
 and in October following, he received of Speedwell 
 500 gs. forfeit. In October 1722, Childers beat 
 the Earl of Drogheda's Chaunter, lOst. each, six 
 miles for a 1000 gs. In April 1723, he received of 
 the Duke of Bridgewater's Lonsdale mare, and 
 Lord Milsintowne's Stripling, 50 gs. forfeit, each, 
 and in November following, he received 100 gs. 
 from Lord Godolphin's Bobsey. 
 
 About the year 1 72 1 , Childers ran a trial against 
 Almanzor and the Duke of Rutland's Brown 
 Betty, carrying 9st. 21b. over the Round Course^ 
 
 * The Round Course is 3 miles 4 furlongs, and 93 yards in 
 length. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 425 
 
 at Newmarket in six minutes, and 40 seconds ; 
 and it was thought that he moved 82 feet and 
 a half in one second of time, which is nearly at 
 the rate of one mile in a minute, a degree of 
 velocity, which no horse has been known to 
 exceed. He likewise ran over the Beacon Course* 
 in seven minutes, and 30 seconds ; and it was 
 supposed that he covered at every bound, a 
 space of 25 feet. He also leaped ten yards on 
 level ground with his rider. He was allowed by 
 sportsmen to be the fleetest horse that ever ran at 
 Newmarket, or, as generally believed, that was ever 
 bred in the world. He was not only eminent as 
 a racer, but allowed by breeders to be a very 
 valuable stallion, though he covered only a few 
 mares, except the Duke of Devonshire's. He died 
 in his Grace's stud in the year 1741, aged 26 ; and 
 the last of his get that was trained, was Velters 
 Cromwall, Esq's., Nestgul, foaled in the year 1740. 
 ]n the plate, page 102, we have given a portrait of 
 this celebrated race horse. 
 
 Bartlett's Childers, bred by Leonard Childers, 
 Esq., and sold by Mr. Bartlett of Nuttle Court, 
 near Masham, Yorkshire. 
 
 He was own brother to Flying Childers ; and 
 was first distinguished by the name of Bleeding 
 Childers, (on account of his bleeding frequently at 
 the nose,) and afterwards as young Childers ; but 
 
 * The Beacon Course 4 miles 1 furlong, and 138 yards in length. 
 
426 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 the Childers multiplying, he took the name of Bart- 
 lett's Childers. 
 
 There was formerly an opinion, that Betty 
 Leedes never produced any other than Flying 
 Childers, except one that was choaked when very 
 young, by eating chaif or hulls at Mr. Childers's 
 barn door ; but Mr. Cheney observes that he has 
 heard the contrary from so many gentlemen of 
 wealth and honour, that he cannot but be of opi- 
 nion, that the Bartlett's Childers was own brother 
 to him. Be that as it may, he got so many good 
 horses, that he is justly ranked with the first rate 
 stallions. He was never trained for racing, but 
 kept as a stallion in Yorkshire, and was sire of Mr. 
 Smales's Childers, of Lord Portmore's CEdipus, 
 Grey Childers, and Squirt, (sire of Marsk and 
 Syphon) ; Mr. Selby's Coughing Polly, and of Mr. 
 Hartley's little mare, the dam of James, Blank, 
 Old England, Trimmer, Shakspeare, Slouch, Miss 
 Meredith, &c. He also got the dam of Sir Mar- 
 maduke Wyvill's, Volunteer ; the dam of Sir 
 William Middleton's Squirrel, Midge, Thwackem, 
 Camilla, and Miss Belse ; the dam of Belford, 
 Panglos, Boreas, and Eloisa ; and the grandam of 
 Tribble, Snapdragon, Curiosity, Angelica, Che- 
 quino, Fair Rosamond, and Cypher, (Tride's dam); 
 besides a great many others, as will appear in the 
 following pedigrees. 
 
 Squirrel. A bay, horse, foaled in 1719, bred 
 
BRITISH TURF. 427 
 
 by Mr. Smith near Middleliara, Yorkshire, and sold 
 to Richard Williams, Esq., of Cheshire. 
 
 Squirrel was got by Mr. Lister's Snake ; his dam 
 by the Ancaster Turk, (sire of Chaunter, and the 
 dam of Roxana,) grandam by a son of the Pul- 
 leine Arabian, out of a daughter of Brimmer. 
 
 In 1724, Squirrel won a match of 300 gs. against 
 Mr. Creswell's Tatney at Bridgeworth ; and won 
 the £40 plate at Chesterfield. In 1725, he won 
 the King's Plates at York, Lincoln, and at New- 
 market in October ; at the latter place he also won 
 the King's Plate, in April following. He was soon 
 afterwards sold for 500 gs. to Ambrose Cowly, Esq., 
 at whose demise he became again the property of 
 Mr. Williams, in whose possession he died. 
 
 It appeared that Squirrel was considerably su- 
 perior, especially at high weights, to any horse 
 of his age in the kingdom. He was sire of Lord 
 Gower's Fair Helen, =^ &c. and own brother to the 
 sire of the grandam of Eclipse, Proserpine, -and 
 Garrick. 
 
 Miss Neesham. a bay mare, foaled in 1720, 
 bred by Mr. Thompson, of Neesham, Cumberland ; 
 and sold to John Brewster Darley, Esq., of Aldby 
 Park, Yorkshire. 
 
 * Fair Helen won the Wallasey stakes of 600 gs. for five year olds, 
 9st. at Newmarket, in April 1734, beating the Duke of Devonshire's 
 Blacklegs, the Duke of Somerset's Quibble, and Lord Lonsdale's 
 Ugly. 
 
428 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Miss Neesliam was got by Captain Hartley's 
 Blind Horse (son of the Holderness Turk ;) her 
 dam (Mr. Jackson's Favourite's dam) by Mr. 
 Crofts's Commoner, son of Place's White Turk. 
 
 In 1726, Miss Neesham, (then called Cripple,) 
 started for the King's Plate at York, and though 
 second to Sir Michael Newton's Bald Jack, owing 
 to her being lame, Mr. Stephen Jefferson, who 
 rode her, liked her performance so well, that Mr. 
 Darley, at his particular request, purchased her 
 of Mr. Thompson. She was then called Miss 
 Neesham, and, in that and the following year, 
 won several platestand prizes. In 1728, she won 
 the annual plate at Kipling Coates, beating six 
 others ; 40 gs. at Preston, lOst., beating Lord Moly- 
 neux's Paria, Sir Richard Grosvenor's White-foot, 
 Lord Tankerville's Swallow, and Lord Derby's 
 Belinda; 40 gs. at Leicester, beating four others; 
 and 40 gs. at Litchfield, beating Mr. Fleetwood's 
 Fair-Play, and Lord Halifax's Sampson. In 1729, 
 she won the annual plate at Kipling Coates, beat- 
 ing Mr. Wharton's Smiling Tom, Mr. Bacchus's 
 England, Mr. Groeme's Stradler, Mr. Boyes's 
 Dimple, &c.; and 40 gs., 12st., at Leicester, beating 
 Lord Essex's Smiling Ball. In 1730, she again won 
 the annual plate at Kipling Coates, beating Mr. 
 Wharton's Smiling Tom ; £30 at Nottingham ; £20 
 at Bakewell, Derbyshire; and 40 gs., 12 st., at 
 Leicester, beating Mr. Bertie's Ladythigh. In 
 
BRITISH TURF. 429 
 
 1731, she won the annual plate at Kipling Coates, 
 a fourth time, beating Mr. Taylor's Polly Peachem ; 
 also £30 at York, (the first year the races were run 
 for at Knaresmire,) beating Mr. Bathurst's Merry 
 Quaker, and Sir M. Wyvill's Scarborough colt ; and 
 50 gs. at Barnard Castle, beating Mr. Bright's 
 Emma, Mr. Barten's Favourite, Mr. Hodgson's 
 Fairplay, Mr. Smith's Snake, &c. ; all of which races 
 she won in excellent style. 
 
 Miss Neesham was covered in the year 1731, 
 by Mr. Barley's Skipjack, and in the following 
 spring she produced a filly, which was afterwards 
 well known by the name of Miss Patty. ^ 
 
 In 1733 she was called Mother Neesham, and 
 was again trained for York, where she won the 
 £30 plate, weight, list, beating easy Mr. Denton's 
 Modest Molly. In 1734, she won the annual 
 plate at Kiphng Coates, beating Captain Apple- 
 yard's Quiet Cuddy, and three others ; also the £30 
 plate, weight, list, at York, beating, at three heats, 
 Lord Weymouth's Whittington, and distanced two 
 
 * Miss Patty was grandam of Captain Hebden's celebrated Mac- 
 heath, whose performances in the summer of 1778 are not equalled in 
 the annals of the turf, for he swept that year, all the four years old 
 plates in the countries of Lancashire and Cheshire ; he travelled and 
 raced upwards of 500 miles in the space of seven weeks, in which 
 time he won six plates of £50 each, at the following places ; viz : 
 Manchester, Preston, Lancaster, Nantwich, Liverpool and Knutsford. 
 He was got by Mr. Warren's Camillus, out of a daughter of Regulus, 
 which mare was out of Miss Patty. Macheath's dam, was also the dam 
 of Mr. Wentworth's Fearnought. 
 
430 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 others. She was afterwards a brood mare in Mr. 
 Darley's stud. 
 
 Mother Neesham was a mare of great endurance, 
 and out of the uncommon number of horses 
 rode by Mr. Stephen Jefferson, was his greatest 
 favourite, for she out-rivalled his favourite Aleppo. 
 
 Old Cartouch . The property of Sir William Mor- 
 gan, of Tredegar. She was bred by — Elstob, Esq. 
 of Yorkshire, and got by the Bald Galloway, who 
 was bred by Captain Rider of Northamptonshire, 
 out of a Whynot royal mare, and the St. Victor 
 barb. Cartouch's dam was bred in the Royal stud 
 at Hampton Court, and got by the Cripple barb ; 
 his grandam was sister to Brown Farewell (which 
 mare was presented by Mr. Crofts to Queen 
 Anne,) by Makeless, son to the Oglethorpe 
 Arabian ; his great grandam was got by Place's 
 White Turk, his great great grandam by Dods- 
 w^orth ; his great great great grandam was a Lay ton 
 barb mare. 
 
 Though this excellent horse did not exceed 14 
 hands, it has been asserted by many gentlemen, that 
 there was no horse in the kingdom able to ran with 
 him, at any weight, from 8st. to I2st. He never run 
 but one match, which was against Jonquil at New- 
 market, and he won easily. He was sent into Wales 
 as a stallion, was afterwards in possession of Dr. 
 Chambers, of Rippon in Yorkshire, and was sire of 
 young Cartouch, Hag, King Pippin, &c. and of the 
 
BRITISH TURF. 431 
 
 grandam of Trentham and Bourdeaux, Floribel, 
 &c. &c. 
 
 In July 1820, a Mr. Barnard Calvert, of Ando- 
 ver, started on horseback to decide a wager, at three 
 o'clock in the morning, from St. George's Church 
 South wark, and rode to Dover ; then crossed the 
 channel to Calais, returned to Dover ; and thence 
 back to St. George's Church, where he arrived 
 about 8 o'clock the same evening, not being the 
 least fatigued with his journey. 
 
 Bald Charlotte, or Lady Legs. The property 
 of the Earl of Portmore. 
 
 Bald Charlotte was thought to be the best mare 
 in the kingdom in her time ; she was bred by Cap- 
 tain Appleyard of Yorkshire, in 1721, and got by 
 Old Royal, son of Blunderbuss, royal mare, and 
 the Holderness Turk ; Blunderbuss was got by 
 Bustler, son of the Helmsley Turk. Charlotte's 
 dam was daughter to the Bethell Castaway ; her 
 grandam was a grey mare of Captain Appleyard's 
 father, got by Brimmer. Castaway was got by 
 Old Merlin, and Bustler got Merlin. Brimmer was 
 bred by the Darcy family, out of a royal mare ; 
 her sire was the Yellow Turk that got Spanker. 
 
 Bald Charlotte, when 5 years old, 1726, beat 
 twenty three mares for the King's 100 gs. at Black 
 Hambleton. The same year, she won the October 
 stakes at Newmarket, beating seven horses ; and in 
 April 1727, at the same place, she won the King's 
 
432 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 100 gs. for 5 yrs. old mares, carrying lOst. one 
 heat ; the 18th. April, carrying 18st. she beat Mr. 
 Ashby Swinger's horse, I7st. 4 miles 200 gs ; the 
 same year, she won the King's 100 gs. for 6 yrs. 
 old at Winchester, weight 12st. ; April 20, 1729, 
 carrying 9st., shebeat Sir Robert Fagg's Fanny, 8st. 
 71b., 4 miles, 300 gs. When 20 yrs. old, 1741, she 
 was a brood mare in the Duke pf Somerset's 
 stud. 
 
 Crab. The property of the Earl of Portmore. 
 Crab was got by the Alcock Arabian, and bred 
 by Mr. Cotton in J 722 ; his dam was got by 
 Basto, who was bred by Sir W. Ramsden, out of a 
 daughter of the sire of Leeds, and the Byerley Turk. 
 Crab's grandam was full sister to Mixberry, both 
 being got by the Curwen long barb, out of a 
 daughter of Spot, son to the Selaby Turk ; his 
 great grandam was got by the chestnut white- 
 legged Louther barb, out of the Vintner mare. 
 
 On April 1st. 1728, Crab received 150 gs., being 
 half forfeit, from Lord Milsingtowne's Heaver, 8st. 
 71b. ; 4 miles. October 23rd following, he beat 
 the Duke of Bolton's Cleopatra, 500 gs. 8st. 71b. 
 4 miles. April 4th, 1729 he received 100 gs. 
 half forfeit of the Duke of Bolton's chesnut colt, 
 8st. 4 miles ; — 10th. of same month he won the 
 King's 100 gs. for 6 yrs. old, beating the Duke of 
 Hamilton's Victorious, and Mr. Wilhams's Spot ; — 
 the 25th. he received 50 gs. forfeit of Lord Halifax's 
 
BRITISH TURF. 433 
 
 Favourite, of a match, for 200 gs. 8st. 51b., 4 
 miles. In the May following, running for 80 gs. 
 at Stamford he fell lame. Yet though a cripple, he 
 was in the highest esteem as a stallion, and sire of 
 several horses. He died on Christmas day, 1750, 
 aged 28. 
 
 Hobgoblin. A brown horse, foaled in 1724. Bred 
 by the Rev. Mr. S. Goodall, and sold to Mr. 
 Coke of Norfolk. 
 
 Hobgoblin was got by Aleppo;* his dam by 
 Careless,! (sire of the dam of Childers), grandam 
 by old Smithson,! out of a daughter of Argyle's 
 Wanton WiUv. 
 
 At Newmarket, in April, 1729, Hobgoblin won 
 a match against a grey colt of Lord Halifax's, 9st. 
 each, four miles, 160 gs. ; and in the same month 
 he beat Lord Halifax's Conqueror, 9st. each, four 
 miles, 100 gs. On the 25th of October, at 8st. 
 lib., he beat Mr. Vane's Miss Pert,|| 8st. 101b., 
 
 * Aleppo, a bay horse, foaled in 1711, was bred by Darley, of Aid- 
 by Park, near York, and got by his Arabian (sire of Childers, &c.) 
 At York, in 1716, Aleppo won the ladies' plate for five year olds, lOst., 
 four miles, beating Lord Chesterfield's King Fisher, (stakes, 13 gs.) 
 Lord Lonsdale's Brisk, Mr. Curwen's Ladylegs, and six others ; he 
 also won several other plates and prizes. He was then a stalhon, the 
 property of Mr. Bantry, and was sire of Mr. Hasseld's Scrutineer, 
 etc. but covered very few well-bred mares. 
 
 t Careless was got by Spanker, out of a barb mare (see page 13). 
 
 X Old Smithson was got by Coles' barb. He ran seven or eight 
 times, and was never beat. 
 
 II Miss Pert, a bay mare, foaled in 1723, was bred by Mr. Hudson, 
 and sold to Mr. Newstead ; got by the Thoulouse bay barb. In 1728, 
 
 VOL. I. F F 
 
434 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 four miles, 300 gs. ; and on the following day he 
 won the 180 gs. stakes, for five yrs. olds, 8st. 51b. 
 each, four miles ; beating Lord Halifax's Miss 
 Halifax, the Duke of Bolton's Foxhunter, the Duke 
 of Rutland's Skyrocket, the Duke of Hamilton's 
 Salisbury Steeple, the Duke of Somerset's Well- 
 beck, and Lord W. Manners's Jenny. In 1730 
 and 1731, Hobgoblin covered in Lord Godolphin's 
 stud, at Hogmagog, in which years the Godolphin 
 Arabian was teazer for him. He was again 
 trained, and at Newmarket, in April, 1732, at 
 9st. 71b., he beat Mr. Fleetwood's Eaton, 8st. 31b., 
 four miles, 500 gs. ; and in October following, at 
 9st., he beat the Duke of Somerset's Greylegs, 8st. 
 41b., four miles, 300 gs. 
 
 Hobgoblin became again a stallion at Hogma- 
 gog, and w^as sire of Shakspeare, Trimmer, Phan- 
 tom, and many others. 
 
 Bay Childers. A bay horse, foaled in 1726, 
 bred by, and the property of, Mr. Smales, Yorkshire. 
 
 she won the King's plate at Hambleton, beating Captain Appleyard*s 
 ches. raare, by Darley's Arabian, Mr. Vane's ches. mare, by Hack- 
 wood, Mr. Cradock's M}Ta, and ten others. She was then sold to 
 the Hon. Mr. Vane ; and at Newmarket, in April, 1729, won the 
 King's plate for mares, beating the Duke of Bolton's Cleopatra, the 
 Duke of Somerset's Miss Belgrade, Mr. Cradock's Myra, Mr. Sin- 
 claire's Modesty, Sir Robert Fagg's Polly, Colonel Meyser's Miss 
 Dimple, Mr. Setheron's Stay-till-I-come, and Captain Appleyard's 
 ches. mare, by Darley's Arabian, who came in first, but her rider 
 being charged with crossing Miss Pert, was deemed last. At New- 
 market, in April, 1730, Miss Pert, 8st. 5lb., beat the Duke of Bol- 
 ton's Cleopatra, 8st. 2lb., four miles, 200 gs. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 435 
 
 Bay Childers was got by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 dam by the Byerley Turk, out of a daughter of Mr. 
 Wilkinson's Whynot. 
 
 At York, in 1732, Bay Childers won £40, for 
 six year olds, lOst., beating Mr. Greenwood's 
 Marplot, and Mr. Routh's Chloe ; Bay Childers 
 was rode by Robert Parkinson, Marplot by James 
 Maskhill, and Chloe by Thomas Jackson. He 
 also won the £90 plate at Lincoln. 
 
 Fearnought. The property of his Grace the Duke 
 of Bolton. This excellent horse was got by Bay Bol- 
 ton, and bred by Wm. Ramsden, 1725. Bay Bolton 
 was bred by Sir Matthew Pearson, out of a daughter 
 of Makeless, son of Hautboy, son of the Darcy 
 White Turk ; his grandam was got by Trimmer, 
 son of the Darcy Yellow Turk. Fearnought's dam 
 was got by the Lexington Arabian, his grandam 
 by the Curwen Spot, his great grandam by 
 Spanker, his great great grandam was dam of 
 Grey Ramsden, got by the Byerley Turk, his great 
 great great grandam by the TafFolet barb, her dam 
 by the Place White Turk, out of a barb mare. 
 
 March 31st, 1732, he beat Mr. Cook's Hobgob- 
 lin, 8st. 101b., four miles, 500 gs. h. ft. April 
 2 1st, carrying 9st., he beat Mr. Panton's Mouse, 
 carrying 7s t. 51b., four miles, 500 gs. November 
 11th, he also beat Mouse, at the same weight, 
 500 gs., one mile, play or pay. February 23rd, 
 carrying 9st., he again beat Mouse, carrying 8st., 
 300 gs. April 9th, 1733, he received 150 gs., 
 
 F F 2 
 
43G HISTORY CF THE 
 
 beins: half forfeit of Lord Portmore's Grev Chil- 
 ders on a match, 8st. each, four miles. October 
 5th, weight 9st, he beat ^Ir. Panton's Smart, 7st., 
 four miles, 500 gs. 
 
 Starling. The property of his Grace the Duke of 
 Bolton. He was bred by the Duke of Bolton, in 
 1727, and got by that excellent stallion, Bay 
 Bolton, who was bred by Sir ^latthew Pearson, 
 out of a daaditer of Makeless and Grev Hautboy, 
 son of Old Hautboy, who was out of a royal mare, 
 and the White Darcy Turk. Stai'nn2:'s dam was 
 j^ot by a son of the Brownlow Turk, who irot the 
 Rutland Grey Grantham : his 2:randam was dau2:h- 
 ter of the Pulleine Arabian, his 2:reat 2:randam 
 was got by Rookwood, son of the Lonsdale Tre- 
 £:onwell mare, his 2:reat 2:reat 2:randam was 2:ot by 
 the Helmsley Turk. 
 
 1731, he won the purse of guineas for four yrs. 
 olds, at Black Hambleton. April, 1732, he won 
 the great stakes, 700 gs., for four yrs. old, at New- 
 market. April, 1733, he beat !Mr. Panton's 
 blouse a four miles' match, 300 gs. at Newmarket. 
 He won the Kin2:'s 100 2:s. at Lewes and IJncoln, 
 and in October at Newmarket, and April, 1734 
 at the same place. He then became the property 
 of — Leeds, Esq., and was in yery high es- 
 teem as a stallion. He was sire of the Ancaster 
 Starling, Skim, Torrismond, Griswood's Teazer, 
 !Moro, Jason, the grandam of Soldier, etc. 
 
 Young Cartouch. The property of the Right Hon. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 437 
 
 the Earl of Portmore. He was got by Old Cartouch, 
 son of the Bald Galloway, got by the St. Victor's 
 barb ; the dam of Old Cartouch was got by the 
 Hampton Court Cripple barb, his grandam by Make- 
 less, his great grandam by Place's White Turk. The 
 dam of Young Cartouch was bred by his Grace the 
 Duke of Somerset ; she was full sister to Red 
 Rose, being both out of the same mare, and got by 
 the Hampton Court chesnut Arabian. 
 
 This horse, though a galloway, won several 
 prizes against sized horses. 1736, he won a £20 
 plate at Hounslow, weight lOst. ; £30 plate at 
 Reading, weight lOst.; 1737, £15 Galloway plate 
 at Sahsbury ; £20 Galloway plate at Winchester ; 
 
 1738, £20 Galloway plate at Guildford; £40 at 
 Winchester, weight list.; £15 Galloway purse at 
 Huntingdon ; 50 gs. purse at Lewes, weight lOst. ; 
 
 1739, £20 give and take stakes at Monmouth ; £20 
 galloway prize at Hereford ; after which, he served 
 as a stallion in his Lordship's stud. 
 
 Partner. A grey horse, foaled in 1731, bred by 
 Lord Portmore, and sold to Mr. Grisewood. 
 
 Partner was got by Mr. Croft's Partner ; his 
 dam by Hutton's Grey Barb, grandam (Bay Wil- 
 kinson's dam) by Whynot, great grandam by 
 Wilkinson's Turk, out of a mare of Mr. Wilkin- 
 son's, called Old Woodcock, by the Darcy Wood- 
 cock. 
 
 In 1730, Partner won the 20 gs. stake at Win- 
 
438 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Chester, beating Mr. Bradley's Chance ; also 30 gs. 
 Salisbury, 50 gs. at Lewes, beating Lord Gower's 
 Blueskin and two others, and 60 gs. at Canter- 
 bury, beating Mr. Hatcher's Plain-dealer, Mr. 
 Crosier's Fox, Mr. Hony wood's Greylegs, &c. 
 He w^as sold to Mr. Grisewood ; and in 1737, Part- 
 ner won 30 gs. at Epsom, beating Mr. Thomp- 
 son's Grasshopper, Mr. Dodd's Merry Tom, and 
 Mr. Cole's Foxhunter ; £40 at Uppingham, beat- 
 ing Lord Gower's Csesar, Mr. Fleetwood's White- 
 foot, and Mr. Tuting's Rosinante ; and 20 gs. at 
 Broomsgrove, 12st., beating Mr. Cole's Foxhunter, 
 and Mr. Weybourn's Bumper. In 1738, he won 
 30 gs. at Epsom, beating Mr. Craven's Cupid, 
 Mr. Pitt's Little Csesar, and Mr. Bradley's Camil- 
 lus ; 25 gs. at Salisbury, beating Lord Wey- 
 mouth's Mouse, Mr. Figg's Bath Lady, &c. ; £40 
 at Uppingham; and received a £10 premium at 
 Chipping Norton. Li 1739, he won 50 gs. at 
 Ludlow, beating Lord Portmore's Young Cartouch, 
 and Mr. Barlow's Persella. In 1740, he won 30 
 gs. at Epsom, beating Mr. Cornwall's Spotted 
 Lady, and four others ; £50 at Norwich, beating 
 Mr. Turner's Spot ; and £30 at Farringdon, beat- 
 ing the Duke of Beaufort's Careless. In 1741, he 
 won £50 at Epsom, and £50 at Norwich, beating 
 Mr. Bingham's Blacklegs and two others. In 
 1742, he won £50 at Epsom, beating Mr. Bing- 
 ham's Merry Cupid, Mr. Fugger's Squirt, and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 439 
 
 five others ; he also won the first heat from Lord 
 Portmore's Tom Tinker, and Mr. Bingham's Merry 
 Cupid, at Winchester, hut fell lame when running 
 for the second, and was obliged to be drawn. In 
 1743, he won £50 at Epsom, beating Lord Port- 
 more's Crab, Mr. Parson's Bristol mare, and Sir M. 
 Wyvill's Sportsman ; £50 at Salisbury, beating 
 Lord W. Manners' Black Jack, and the Duke of 
 Beaufort's Madcap ; £50 at Winchester, beating 
 Mr. Wood's Long Meg, and Mr. Parson's Bristol 
 mare ; £50 at Reading ; and £50 at Stockbridge. 
 In 1744, he won £50 at Canterbury; and £50 at 
 Windsor, beating Mr. Dent's Blacklegs, and four 
 others. 
 
 Partner was in high form, and would, undoubt- 
 edly, have won several other prizes, if he had not 
 unfortunately fallen lame at the early time of his 
 racing, and which frequently happened to him 
 when running. He became a stallion, and was 
 sire of the dam of the famous Grimcrack, Trinket, 
 Slipslop, &c. 
 
 Little Partner. A bay mare, foaled in 1731, 
 bred by, and the property of, the Hon. Mr. Vane. 
 
 Little Partner was got by Mr. Croft's Partner, 
 her dam (Mr. Evelyn Chadrick's Redrose's dam) 
 by Old Greyhound ; grandam (Changeling and 
 Match'em's grandam) by Makeless ; great gran- 
 dam by Brimmer ; who was by the Yellow Turk, 
 out of Mr. Layton's Violet barb mare. 
 
440 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 At Newmarket, in April, 1736, Little Partner 
 beat Lord W. Manners' Crab, 8st. 21b., four 
 miles, 150 gs. This was one of the finest races 
 that was known to be run at Newmarket. She 
 also won the King's plate at Hambleton, beating 
 Mr. Bartlett's Country-wench, Captain Hartley's 
 Clina, Mr. Lodge's Miss Layton, and three others. 
 At Newmarket, in April, 1737, she won the King's 
 plate for mares, beating Mr. Bartlett's Country- 
 wench, the Duke of Bridgewater's Bradamante, 
 the Duke of Ancaster's Look-at-me-lads, and four 
 others. 
 
 Miss Layton, commonly called Mr. Lodge's 
 Roan Mare. A roan mare, foaled in 1731, bred 
 by, and the property of, Mr. Lodge, of Richmond, 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 Miss Layton was got by Mr. Crofts' Partner ; 
 her dam by Mr. Dale's horse ; grandam by Why- 
 not ; great grandam by Mr. Wilkinson's bay Ara- 
 bian, out of a natural barb mare. 
 
 In 1736, Miss Layton won the 25 gs. plate, for 
 five yrs. olds, 9st. 71b., at Sunderland, beating 
 Mr. Ibbetson's Delia, Mr. Lister's Jack-a-Latin, 
 &c. In 1737, she won the 40 gs. plate, lOst., four 
 mile heats, at Newcastle, beating Mr. Horsley's 
 Sloven, and Mr. Richardson's Red Robin; and 
 the 50 gs. plate, for six yrs. olds, lOst. four mile 
 heats, at Durham, beating, at three heats, Mr. 
 Shafto's Miss Denton, and Mr. Routh's Whitefoot. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 441 
 
 Miss Lay ton was the dam of Mr. Shuttleworth's 
 Miss Wilkinson, Mr. Martindale's Brutus, Sappho, 
 and Adolphus. 
 
 Lath. The property of his Grace the Duke of De- 
 vonshire. He was a particularly fine horse, and 
 thought by many to be the best horse that had ap- 
 peared at Newmarket for several years,Childers only 
 excepted. He was bred by the Earl of Godolphin, 
 in 1732, and got by his Lordship's Arabian ; his 
 dam was Roxana, bred by Sir William Strickland, 
 out of sister to Chaunter, the son of the Ancaster 
 Turk, and the Bald Galloway, which last was 
 bred by Captain Ryder, of Northamptonshire, out 
 of Whynot, royal mare, and the St. Victor barb. 
 
 April 23rd, 1737, he won the great stakes of 
 1000 gs. for 4 yr. olds, at Newmarket. 26th Oc- 
 tober, being then 5 yrs. old, he beat, 8st. 41b., the 
 Hon. Mr. Vane's Little Partner, 6 yrs. old, 8st. 
 71b., four miles, 200 gs. October, 1738, he beat, 
 8st. 121b., the Earl of Portmore's Squirt, 8st. 21b., 
 four miles, 200 gs. ; and he won 50 gs. at Marlbo- 
 rough. Soon afterwards he was sold to his Grace 
 the Duke of Devonshire, and sent to his Grace's stud 
 for a stallion. He was sire of his Grace's Hector, 
 Miss Redcap, Duchess, &c. 
 
 Spanking Roger. The property of Sir Ed- 
 mund Bacon, Bart., of Norfolk. He was a 
 horse of high blood, size and beauty, got by 
 Childers, and bred by the Earl of Essex, in 1732, 
 who disposed of him, when 3 yrs. old, to Sir Ed- 
 
442 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 mund Bacon. His dam was got by the Duke of 
 Eutland's Cyprus Arabian ; his grandam was 
 daughter to the old bay Arabian, called Spanker, 
 the property of — Pelham, Esq., of Lincoln- 
 shire. 
 
 1737, he won £20 at Epsom. 1738, he won £30 
 at Norwich, £40 plate at Stamford, 40 gs. at Ches- 
 terfield, £40 at York, the ladies £90 at Lincoln. 
 April, 1739, being then the property of Mr. Grise- 
 wood, he won the King's 100 gs. at Newmarket ; 
 after which, he was disposed of to Lord Wey- 
 mouth, in whose possession, in the same year, he 
 won £50 at Wells, 30 gs. at Denbigh, 50 gs. at 
 Bridgenorth, and £40 at Winchester, when he 
 was again disposed of. In 1741, he died in run- 
 ning a trial. 
 
 Second. The property of — Neales, Esq., of War- 
 wickshire. Second was of size, beauty, and fashion, 
 and judged to be the best in his time ; he had in 
 him a tincture of as high blood as any horse in 
 the kingdom. He was bred by his Grace the 
 Duke of Devonshire, in 1732, and got by Childers, 
 whose sire was the Darley Arabian, whose dam was 
 a daughter of Careless, son of Spanker, got by the 
 Darcy Yellow Turk, whose grandam was got by the 
 Leedes' Arabian, sire of Leedes. Second's dam was 
 full sister to Soreheels, both got by Basto, and 
 bred by Sir Wilham Ramsden, Bart., out of a 
 daughter of the sire of Leedes and the Byerley Turk; 
 his grandam was full sister to the Misbury gallo- 
 
BRITISH TUHF. 443 
 
 way, both got by the Curwen bay barb out of a 
 daughter of Spot, son of the Selaby Turk ; his 
 great grandam was got by the Chesnut White- 
 legged Lowther barb, out of the Vintner mare. 
 
 April, 1737, Second, beat Lord Lonsdale's Sul- 
 tan, a match, 200 gs. each, weight 8st. 51b. 
 June following, he won the King's 100 gs. at Ips- 
 wich. April, 1738, he won the Wallasey stake of 
 600 gs. at Newmarket ; the same month, he beat 
 Mr. Grisewood's Partner, 50 gs., and won the 
 King's 100 gs. in October following. He was 
 afterwards kept for a stallion, and was sire of 
 many fine horses. 
 
 Volunteer. The property of Sir Marmaduke 
 Wyvill, Bart. Volunteer was bred by Sir Marma- 
 duke Wyvill, in 1735, and got by Young Belgrade, 
 son of a Turkish horse taken from the Bashaw 
 by General Mercie, at the siege of Belgrade and 
 sent to the Prince of Craon, who presented him 
 to the Duke of Loraine, whose minister, Baron 
 Chagne, at London, sold him and certified as 
 aforesaid. Young Belgrade's dam was daughter 
 to the Scarborough mare. Volunteer's dam was 
 got by the Bartlett Childers ; his grandam was 
 daughter to the Devonshire chesnut Arabian ; 
 his great grandam was got by the Curwen bay 
 barb, and was full sister to the Duke of Somerset's 
 Westbury. 
 
 April 22nd, 1742, he won the King's 100 gs. 
 for six yrs. olds at Newmarket ; May 19th, he won 
 
444 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 £50 at Epsom; June 10th, £50 at Guilford; July 
 10th, £50 at Nottingham. He was sent to Ireland, 
 where he won several plates ; he then became the 
 property of Sir Edward O'Brien, Bart., in w^hose 
 possession he was accidentally killed. 
 
 1738. — At the races of Maldon, in Essex, three 
 horses (and only three) started for a ten pound 
 plate, and were all distanced the first heat, accord- 
 ing to the common rules in horse-racing, without 
 any quibble or equivocation. The first ran on 
 the inside of the post, the second wanted weight, 
 and the tliird fell, and broke a fore leg. 
 
 ToRiSMOND. Got by the Bolton Starling, and 
 bred by lAlr. Crofts in 1739 ; his dam by Old Part- 
 ner, his grandam by Makeless, which mare was the 
 grandam of Mr. Vane's Little Partner ; his great 
 grandam by Brimmer, his great great grandam 
 by Place's \Yhite Turk, his great great great 
 grandam by Dods worth, out of a Lay ton barb 
 mare. 
 
 1743, when 4 yrs. old, he won £50 at Morpeth, 
 after which he was sold to Mr. Mortindale. 1744, 
 he won £50 at Epsom, £50 at Huntingdon, £50 
 at ^Yarwick. 1745, he won 100 gs. at Newmar- 
 ket, for horses rising 6 yrs. old ; £50, at Oxford, 
 £50 at Lincoln. 1746, £50 at Winchester, £50 at 
 Leicester ; after which he was purchased for a 
 stallion in the north. 
 
 Moorcock. The property of the Earl of Port- 
 more. Moorcock w^as bred by — Hutton, Esq., 
 
BRITISH TURF. 445 
 
 in 1740, and got by Blacklegs, who was bred by 
 the former Mr. Hutton, out of a daughter of 
 Coneyskins, and got by a barb, son of the Leicester 
 Turk. Moorcock's dam was out of a daughter 
 of the Byerley Turk, and got by Hutton's grey 
 barb, his grandam by a son of the Hemsley Turk, 
 his grandam by Blunderbuss, out of a daughter of 
 Place's White Turk. 
 
 August 10th 1744, he won the £50 prize for 4 
 yrs. olds at York, carrying 9st.; June 18, 1745, £50 
 at Grantham, carrying lOst.; July 4th £50 at Not- 
 tingham ; 23rd £50 at Huntingdon ; Aug. 20, £50 
 at Oxford; September 2nd, £50 at Windsor; on the 
 20th, 50 gs. at Odsey's ; May 10, 1746, £50 at 
 Epsom; on the 21st of Aug., he won the ladies' 
 purse of 80 gs. at Oxford ; Sep. 4, the ladies' purse 
 of 90 gs. at Lincoln ; Oct. 4, he won a match of 
 300 gs. at Newmarket, carrying 9st. 31b. 4 miles ; 
 September 30, 1748, the town plate at Salisbury, 
 and July 19, £50 at Wells. 
 
 Babram. a bay horse, foaled in 1740 ; bred by 
 the Earl of Godolphin, and sold to Mr. Benjamin 
 Rogers of Mickleham, near Epsom, Surrey. 
 
 Babram was got by Lord Godolphin's Arabian ; 
 his dam was Captain Hartley's large mare, by his 
 blind stallion, out of Mr. Avington's Flying Whig. 
 
 In 1746, Babram won £50 at Reading; in 1747, 
 (in the midst of his covering season,) he won £50 
 at Guildford, and in the same year he won £50 at 
 Windsor. In 1748 he won the ladies £80 at Ox- 
 
446 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ford ; in 1749, lie won £50 at Lambourn, and £50 
 at Burford ; notwithstanding he covered 53 mares 
 the same season. 
 
 Babram was a horse of fine form and goodness, 
 and during the time of his running he beat the 
 famous horses, Wafer, Bustard, Old England, 
 Sutton, Little Drover, &c. &c. 
 
 Babram covered at Mr. Rogers at 5 gs. and a 
 crown, and afterwards in Mr.Leedes's stud at North- 
 Milforth, Yorkshire, at 10 gs. and a crown. He was 
 sire of several eminent running horses, and brood 
 mares, as will be found in the following pedigrees. 
 
 Brabram died at North-Milforth in the year 
 1760, aged 20 years. 
 
 Little Driver. The property of Mr. Josiah 
 Marshal. This excellent horse was allowed to be 
 the strongest and best of his size that ever was 
 bred in this kingdom. He was got by Mr. Bea- 
 ver's Driver, son of Old Snake, out of Thwaites' 
 dun mare ; she was got by the Yorkshire An caster 
 Turk, which was sire of Old Chaunter and several 
 others. Little Driver's dam was bred by his 
 Grace the Duke of Devonshire, and got by Chil- 
 ders out of a famous mare, called Cabbage A — e, 
 daughter of Grantham. 
 
 In 1748, when five years old, he won £50 at Ips- 
 wich, and £50 at Leicester. 1749, £50 at Ascot 
 Heath, £50 at Aylesbury, and the Town Plate at 
 Newmarket. 1 750, £50 at Guilford, £50 at Read- 
 ing, £50 at Stockbridge, £50 at Burford, £50 at 
 
BRITISH TURF. 44/ 
 
 Chipping Norton, £50 at Ne^^Txiarket, weight for 
 height, and the Town Plate, weight 12st., at New- 
 market. 1751, £50 at Epsom, £50 at Winchester ; 
 he received 20 gs. at Guilford for his not starting, 
 and the premium at Ascot Heath, there being no 
 horse entered against him ; he also won £50 at 
 Hounslow, and £50 at Reading. 1752, when nine 
 years old, he received forfeit of Mr. Grevill's Swift- 
 sure at Newmarket, and won £50 at Epsom, £50 at 
 Winchester, £50 at Blandford, £50 at Ascot Heath, 
 and £50 at Burford. 1753, he received forfeit of 
 Mr. Panton's Slipby, and won £50 at Epsom, £50 
 at Lichfield, and £50 at Warwick. 1754, he won 
 £50 at Rumford, £50 at Reading, £50 at Maiden- 
 head, and £50 at Maldon. 1755, when twelve 
 years old, he won £50 at Guilford, £50 at Hull, 
 £50 at Durham, and £50 at Maidenhead. 
 
 Silver Leg. The property of Nathaniel Curzon, 
 Esq. This excellent horse was bred by the Earl 
 of Portmore, in 1743, at Weyb ridge in Surrey, and 
 was got by Young Cartouch, son of Old Cartouch, 
 who was got by the Bald Galloway, whose dam 
 was got by the Cripple barb, his grandam by 
 Makeless ; she was out of the dam of Trumpet, 
 who was out of a Darley Yellow mare, got by 
 Place's White Turk that got Commoner, the Ran- 
 ter gelding, and many others. Silver Leg's dam 
 was got by Old Cartouch, his grandam by Darley's 
 Arabian, sire of Childers, his great grandam was 
 the dam of Bay Bolton, Lamprie, etc. 
 
448 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 In 1748, June 1st, when five years old, he won 
 £50 at Guilford. 1749, May 5th, £50 at Epsom, 
 and £50 at Winchester. 1750, May 16th, £50 at 
 Epsom; May 17th, £50 at Epsom ; August 16th, 
 £50 at Derby ; August 18th, £50 at Chesterfield ; 
 28th, £50 at Lichfield ; October 23rd, a match 
 of 100 gs., the last two miles of the Beacon 
 Course at Newmarket, beating Lord March's horse, 
 Chance, carrying lOst. 41b., Silver Leg, 9st. 111b, 
 1752. July 4th, he won £50 at Ipswich ; Septem- 
 ber 2nd, he started alone at Burford ; October 
 2nd, he won £50 at Newmarket. 
 
 Othello, or Black and All Black. The pro- 
 perty of Sir Ralph Gore, Bart. He was a horse of 
 size, fashion, and beauty ; and his performances de- 
 note him to have been the best horse of his time. He 
 was bred by Wilham Crofts, Esq. in 1743, and got 
 by Crab out of Miss Slamerkin, got by True Blue, 
 her dam by Lord Oxford's dun Arabian out of a 
 mare of the Duke of Newcastle's, bought of Lord 
 Darcy, of Sedbury, which mare was in high 
 esteem. 
 
 In 1748, Othello won 50 gs. prize for five years 
 old at Lewes, and £50 at Stockbridge. 1749, the 
 King's 100 gs. for six year olds at SaUsbury, Can- 
 terbury, Lewes, and Newmarket. April, 1750, 
 at the Curragh of Kildare in Ireland, he won the 
 100 gs. given by the Society of Sportsmen, and 
 50 gs. at the Great Heath, near Maryborough, and 
 the King's 100 gs. in September, 1751. Septem- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 449 
 
 "ber 5th. he won a match of 1000 gs. at theCurragh 
 of Kildare, beating the Earl of March's Bajazet ; 
 he afterwards became the property of Mr. Fryer. 
 In 1752, he won the Sportsmen's subscription purse 
 of 50 gs., and the King's 100 gs. at the Curragh, 
 beating the Earl of Antrim's famous horse, Gus- 
 tavus, and Mr. Keating's gelding, Trimmer. 
 
 Sampson. The property of Mr. Robinson. This 
 excellent horse was bred by — . Preston, Esq., in 
 1745, and trained by Mr. Robinson, of Malton, 
 in Yorkshire, and was esteemed by most gentle- 
 men sportsmen to be superior in strength to any 
 horse that has appeared in his high form. He was 
 got by Blaze ; his dam by Hip, son of the bay 
 barb ; his grandam by Spark, son of Honeycomb ; 
 his great grandam by Snake, son of the Stradling 
 Turk. 
 
 In 1750, when five years old, he won a £50 
 prize at Malton, £60 at Hambleton, and 100 gs. 
 at Litchfield. 1752, he won a prize at Newmarket 
 of £100, list. The same year, he won the follow- 
 ing King's plates : — Winchester, Salisbury, Can- 
 terbury, Lewes, and Newmarket. He was after- 
 wards in high esteem as a stallion, and was sire 
 of Engineer, Bay Malton, &c. 
 
 1745. — ^We are informed bv the Count de BufFon, 
 on the authority of a letter from the Earl of Mor- 
 ton, that Mr. Cooper Thornhill, in the April of 
 this year, rode three times between Stilton and 
 
 VOL. I. G G 
 
450 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 London, distance 213 miles, in llh. 33m. 52sec. 
 Mr. Thornhill used eight different horses in the 
 first heat, six in the second, and in the third he 
 made use of the same horses which had already 
 served him, riding only seven of the fourteen. 
 
 h. m. sec. 
 
 From Stilton to London (71 miles) .3 52 59 
 From London to Stilton . . . 3 50 57 
 From Stilton to London . . . 3 49 56 
 
 The match was made for a considerable sum of 
 money. He was allowed as many horses as he 
 pleased, and fifteen hours to perform the task in. 
 " 1 question," adds Bufibn, *' whether any race at 
 the Olympic games ever equalled the rapidity of 
 Mr. Thornhill's performance." 
 
 Match'em. a bay horse, foaled in 1748, bred 
 by John Holme, Esq., of Carlisle, and sold to Wil- 
 liam Fenwick, Esq., of By well, Northumber- 
 land. Match'em, own brother to Changeling, was 
 got by Cade ; his dam by Partner ; grandam (Mr. 
 Vane's Little Partner's grandam) by Makeless ; 
 great grandam by Brimmer ; great great grandam 
 (Trumpet's dam, and great grandam of Carton ch) 
 by Mr. Place's White Turk, a daughter of Dods- 
 worth, out of Mr. Layton's Violet barb mare. 
 
 In 1753, Match'em won the subscription purse 
 of £160. 55. for five years olds, lOst., four miles, 
 at York ; beating Mr. Shafto's Barforth Billy, by 
 
BRITISH TURF. 451 
 
 Forrester, and Mr. Watson's Bold, by Cade ; two 
 to one on Match'em, who was rode by Christo- 
 pher Jackson, Barforth's Billy by Thomas Jack- 
 son, and Bold by John Singleton, He also won 
 £50 for five years olds at Norfolk, beating Mr. 
 Shafto's Blameless, by Forrester. In 1754, 
 Match'em received a £20 premium, and won the 
 ladies' plate of 126 gs. for five years olds, 9st., and 
 six years olds, lOst., four mile heats at York. He 
 also won the ladies' plate £80 at Lincoln, and 
 walked over for £50 at Norfolk. At Newmarket, 
 in April, 1755, Match'em won the £50 B. C, 
 beating Mr. Bowles's Trajan and twp others. He 
 won this race exceedingly easy ; but it was said 
 that Trajan ran faster than Match'em up the Choak 
 Jade, but could not maintain the pace. They ran 
 the heat in seven minutes and twenty seconds, 
 carrying 8st. 71b. each ; the odds were five and 
 six to four on Match'em, and large sums were lost 
 on the contest. The friends of Trajan were not 
 satisfied that Match'em was the best horse, from 
 the very indifferent condition of Trajan, who was 
 only taken from grass the December before, 
 had had but one sweat during the whole winter, 
 and when he came to Newmarket, was injudiciously 
 hurried with the strongest exercise to prepare him 
 for running. 
 
 After this, Mr. Fen wick offered to run Match'em 
 against any horse in England for the whip, which 
 
 G G 2 
 
452 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 was accepted by Mr. Bowles to run Trajan against 
 him, at Newmarket following Spring Meeting. In 
 August, Match'em received a £20 premium, no 
 horse entering against him at York. 
 
 At Newmarket, in April, 1756, Match'em and 
 Trajan met, according to agreement, at lOst. each, 
 for 200 gs. each, and the whip, B. C, when 
 Match'em proved the winning horse. The odds 
 at starting, two to one on Match'em ; over the 
 flat, five to one on Trajan ; but at the turn of 
 the lands, a hundred to one on Match'em, who 
 then made running ; it was observed that Mr. 
 John Singleton, who rode him, judged perfectly 
 right in keeping behind, and fretting the fiery 
 Trajan till he had got him out ; and although 
 Trajan had the lead upon the flat, to maintain it, 
 he was obliged to be whipped. 
 
 In the Second Spring Meeting, Match'em 
 started for the Jockey Club Plate, and was beat 
 by Spectator and Brilliant ; Match'em being only 
 three times third ; Sweepstakes, Whistlejacket, 
 and Crab also started. (For a particular account, 
 see the performances of Mr. Burdon's Duchess.) 
 The odds at starting for the first heat, (which was 
 run in seven minutes, fifty-two seconds and a half) 
 were two to one against Match'em, three to one 
 against Whistlejacket, and four to one against 
 BriUiant. The odds for the second heat, which 
 was run in seven minutes and forty seconds, two 
 
BRITISH TURF. 453 
 
 and three to one against Brilliant, four to one 
 against Spectator, and Match'em scarcely named. 
 The odds for the third heat, which was run in 
 eight minutes and five seconds, were two to one 
 on Spectator, and six to one against Whistlejacket, 
 who made good ranning for the last heat. After 
 which, Match'em won 60 gs. at Newcastle, beating 
 easy Mr. Swinburn's Drawcansir, and Mr. Parker's 
 Full-Moon. 
 
 At Newmarket Second Spring Meeting, 1758, 
 Match'em started again for the Jockey Club Plate, ^ 
 and was second to Mr. Greville's Mirza; Sir 
 James Lowther's Jason, third ; Mr. Panton's Fea- 
 ther, fourth ; and Mr. Vernon's Forrester, fifth. 
 At starting, even money against Feather, six to 
 four against Jason, six to one against Mirza, and 
 ten to one against Match'em. Though Mirza 
 gained advantage at starting, which he kept above 
 three miles, yet Match'em ran an excellent honest 
 horse, and was beat with great difficulty ; and, as 
 large sums were depending between Match'em, 
 Jason, and Feather, it was observed, " that the 
 friends of poor old Match'em not only combed 
 the golden fleece, but dressed the feathers very 
 handsomely." 
 
 In September following, Match'em won £50, 
 
 • 
 
 * On account of the disputes respecting the posting of the horses, 
 etc., for the Jockey Club Plate, in the preceding year, it was agreed 
 by the noblemen and gentlemen of the said Club, that the horses that 
 ran for the same, in future, should only run one heat. 
 
454 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 weight 9st., at Scarborough, beating easy Mr. 
 JolUff's Foxhunter, and Mr. Harvey's Sweetlips. 
 At starting, ten to one, and after the heat, twenty 
 to one on Match'em. The above were the only 
 times of his running. 
 
 Match'em then became the leading stallion in 
 the North of England, where he covered with un- 
 common success, till death put a period to his 
 existence, which happened in the thirty-third 
 year of his age, at Bywell, in Northumberland, on 
 Wednesday, the 21st of February, 1781. A few 
 days previous to his death, he covered a mare, 
 which proved in foal. 
 
 Match'em first covered at 5 gs. ; in 1765, he 
 was advanced to 10 gs. ; in 1770, to 20 gs. ; in 
 1775, he was stinted to twenty-five mares, with 
 those of his owner, at 50 gs. each, exclusive of the 
 groom's fee. It has been said, and there can be 
 little or no doubt of the truth, that Mr. Fenwick 
 cleared by Match'em, as a stallion, upwards of 
 £17,000, which was about £16,000 more than Mr. 
 Martindale, of St. James's Street, London, gained 
 by the celebrated Regulus. 
 
 The first of Match'em's get that started, was 
 the Duke of Northumberland's Caesario, that won 
 the Jockey Club Plate for four years olds, at New- 
 market, on the 15th of May, 1764. Mr. Tuting's 
 Turf ran in the year, and won a match of 140 gs., 
 and a £50 plate. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 455 
 
 The produce by Match'em, won as follows, 
 viz. : — 
 
 In 1764 
 
 2 Winners won 
 
 1765 
 
 3 
 
 
 1766 
 
 6 
 
 
 1767 
 
 8 
 
 
 1768 
 
 3 
 
 
 1769 
 
 8 
 
 
 1770 
 
 15 
 
 
 1771 
 
 20 
 
 
 1772 
 
 30 
 
 
 1773 
 
 40 
 
 
 1774 
 
 30 
 
 
 1775 
 
 26 
 
 
 1776 
 
 35 
 
 
 1777 
 
 29 
 
 
 1778 
 
 19 
 
 
 1779 
 
 15 
 
 
 1780 
 
 22 
 
 
 1781 
 
 18 
 
 
 1782 
 
 14 
 
 
 1783 
 
 5 
 
 
 1784 
 
 3 
 
 
 1785 
 
 2 
 
 
 1786 
 
 1 
 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 302 
 
 
 
 2,650 
 
 5 
 
 2,113 
 
 10 
 
 1,979 
 
 
 
 680 
 
 
 
 3,025 
 
 
 
 7,267 
 
 10 
 
 9,185 
 
 
 
 25,;i6 
 
 10 
 
 16,397 
 
 10 
 
 20,200 
 
 
 
 16,907 
 
 10 
 
 11,207 
 
 10 
 
 8,992 
 
 15 
 
 6,903 
 
 10 
 
 3,463 
 
 15 
 
 62,81 
 
 5 
 
 4,807 
 
 10 
 
 2,901 
 
 
 
 1,060 
 
 
 
 360 
 
 
 
 194 
 
 4 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 In 23 yrs. 354 Winners won 151,097 4 
 
 Besides the above sums, there were several cups 
 and subscriptions won by the get of Match'em ; but 
 the value and amount cannot now be ascertained. 
 
 The Partner mare (dam of Match'em and 
 ChangeUng) was also the dam of Mr. Holme's 
 Young Starhng, and of the Duke of Northumber- 
 land's chesnut filly, Primrose, by Mr. Wilson's 
 Arabian. The said Partner mare was own sister 
 
456 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 to the dam of Mr. Croft's Toy, Madam (Twig's 
 dam), Drowsy, Young Cade, Mr. Martindale's 
 Torismond, the Duke of Ancaster's Villager, 
 grandam of Alcides, Annium, Herald, Miss Bar- 
 forth, Thistle by Syphon, etc., and great grandam 
 of Privateer and Fitzherod. She was also own 
 sister to the dam of Lord Godolphin's Mulatto, 
 Mr. Dutton's Rat, Lord Gower's Sweepstakes, 
 and Clio. She was likewise own sister to the dam 
 of Lord Godolphin's Dormouse, Mr. Meredith's 
 Mercury, Merryman, and Bolton, Mr. Swinburn's 
 Cadarmus , and grandam of Mr. Latham's Snap, 
 &c. The four Partner mares were all bred by Mr. 
 Crofts, of Barforth. The dam of Toy, &c., was 
 foaled in 1730 ; the dam of Mulatto, &c., in 1731; 
 the dam of Dormouse, &c , in 1732 , and the dam 
 of Match'em, &c., 1733. 
 
 Brilliant. A dun horse, foaled in 1750, bred 
 by the Earl of Portmore, and sold to William 
 Crofts, Esq., of West Harding, Norfolk. 
 
 Brilliant was got by Mr. Panton's Crab ; his 
 dam (own sister to Lord Godolphin's BufFerat) by 
 Lord Godolphin's Arabian, out of Mr. Coke's Sil- 
 verlocks. 
 
 In 1754, Brilliant won the King's plate for four 
 years olds, 9st., two miles and a quarter heats, at 
 Ipswich, beating Lord Godolphin's dun gelding by 
 Buffcoat, Mr. Keek's Ruby, and the Duke of 
 Ancaster's Lizard ; also £50 for four years olds, 
 8st. 71b, at Huntingdon, beating Lord March's 
 
BRITISH TURF. 457 
 
 Smart, who was drawn after the first heat. At 
 Newmarket, in October, he won £50 for four 
 years olds, 8st. 71b., four miles, B. C, beating 
 Mr. Panton's Pytho, Lord Portmore's Stately, 
 Sir John Moore's South, the Duke of Cumber- 
 land's Shock, and three others. At Newmarket, 
 in April, 1755, he won £50 for horses, etc., rising 
 five years old, 8st. 71b., R. C, beating Mr. Fen- 
 wick's Syphon, the Duke of Cumberland's Marsk, 
 Mr. Keek's Ruby, and four others. In July, he 
 won the King's plate for fiye years olds, 9st., three 
 mile heats, at Burford, (being the first at that 
 place) beating Mr. Martindale's Adolphus, and 
 Mr. Dutton's Boreas. At Newmarket, in Octo- 
 ber, he won £50 for five years olds, 9st., four 
 mile heats, beating easy Mr. Swinburn's Regulus, 
 and Sir Charles Sedley's Sylph. And at New- 
 market, in April, 1756, he won the 100 gs. and 
 upwards, for horses rising six years old, lOst., 
 four mile heats, distancing Mr. Panton's Pytho. 
 
 Brilliant was a stallion at Epsom, Surrey, in 
 1758-60, at 3 gs. and 5^. ; in 1761, in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Richmond, Yorkshire, at 5 gs. and 
 55. ; in 1762-63, at Epsom, at 3 gs. and 5^. ; in 
 1764, at West Haiiing, Norfolk, at 5 gs. and 
 5s.; in 1766-67, at 3 gs. and 5s; and in 
 1768-72, at 10 gs. and 5s. 
 
 Brilliant was sire of Mr. Crofts' mouse-coloured 
 filly, that ran three heats against Antinous for the 
 King's plate, at Ipswich, in 1762, beating five 
 
458 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 others ; after which, she won £50 for four years 
 olds, at SwafFham, beating at three heats, Lord 
 Portmore's Sylph, by Babram, and Sir James 
 Lowther's Phceby by Dormouse. He was also sire 
 of the following, viz. : 
 
 Lord Baltimore's Anthony, Mr. Everett's Ante- 
 lope, Sir Charles Bunbury's Belario and Catarina, 
 Mr. Shafto's Ariel and Caliban, Mr. Conolly's (of 
 Ireland) Richmond, Lord Bolingbroke's Lais and 
 Dorilas, Lord Clermont's Brilliant, Mr. Went- 
 worth's Spangle, Mr. Ogilvy's Bijou, Lord Os- 
 sory's Fish, Sir R. Phillips's Macaroni, Duke of 
 Cumberland's Orthodox, Mr. Strode's Gudgeon, 
 Mr. Carlisle's Don Dun, Mr. Mai's Juniper, Mr. 
 Burlton's Darius, Mr. Dymock's Sparkler, Mr, 
 Adams's Dunny, and several others. 
 
 He likewise got the dam of Sir Charles Bam- 
 lide's Custard, Mr. Douglas' Crookshanks, &c., 
 and the grandam of Mr. Hutchinson's Weasel, Mr. 
 Garforth's Eliza, &c. 
 
 Forrester. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1750, 
 bred by Richard Williams, of Penbedower, near 
 Holywell, Flintshire. Forrester was got by Mr. 
 Crofts' Forrester, his dam by the Duke of Bolton's 
 Looby, out of Margery, the dam of Cricket. 
 
 In April, 1755, Forester beat Mr. Slaughter's 
 grey filly, by Sloe, dam by Wynn's Little Ball, 9st. 
 each, over the Wallasey Course, for 200 gs. ; and 
 in the same month he won £50 for horses rising 
 five years old, 9st., four mile heats, at Chester, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 459 
 
 beating Mr. Egerton's Attilus, by Regulus, and 
 Mr. Farrington's Harmless. In 1756, he won £50 
 for six years olds lOst., and aged lOsl. 101b., four 
 mile heats, at Chester, beating Sir Richard Gros- 
 venor's Trajan, aged, and distanced Mr. White's 
 Trial, six years ; walked over for the King's plate 
 at Nottingham ; won the King's plate at York, 
 beating Mr. Hutton's Stately, Mr. Hunt's Poor 
 Farmer, and Mr. Swinburn's Drawcansir : at 
 starting, two to one on Forrester. He also won 
 the King's plate at Lincoln, and walked over for 
 the King's plate at Newmarket, in October. At 
 Newmarket, in April, 1757, he won the King's 
 plate, beating at three heats, the same, Adolphus. 
 The first heat, which was won by Adolphus, 
 was run in 8 minutes and 34 seconds , the second 
 heat, in 8 minutes and 34| seconds ; and the third 
 heat, in 8 minutes and 524 seconds. Forrester 
 was sold on the day before running to Mr. Vernon 
 of Newmarket. In April, 1759, Forrester, 8st. 
 101b., received 40 gs. from Mr. Blake's Pompey, 
 8st. 71b., B. C. 
 
 Forrester was rode by Mr. Jenison Shafto, in the 
 time match, at Newmarket, June 27th, 1759. 
 
460 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 1750 to 1754. Marsk (sire of Eclipse)— Snap — Syphon — Cruel match 
 between Crop and Mr. Harrison's roan-horse — The Earl of 
 March's celebrated chaise match at Newmarket — Careless — Dainty 
 Davy — Lottery — Spider — Match between Skew Ball and Miss 
 Sportly on the Curragh of Kildare. — Extraordinary performance of 
 Mr. Spelding's mare on the Curragh. — Sir Charles Turner's match 
 against time. — 300 miles in 64 hours, and 20 minutes, by Mr. 
 Croker's mare. 
 
 Marsk. Sire of Eclipse, a brown horse, foaled 
 in 1750, bred by John Hutton, Esq., of Marsh, 
 near Richmond, Yorkshire ; who disposed of him 
 to his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Marsk was got by Squirt, out of the Ruby 
 mare ; she was from a daughter of Bay Bolton 
 and Mr. Hutton's Blacklegs, grandam by Fox- 
 Club ; great grandam by Coneyskins ; great 
 great grandam, by Mr. Hutton's grey barb, 
 a daughter of Mr. Hutton's royal colt , a daughter 
 of the Byerley Turk, from a Bustler mare. 
 
 " In the year 1750, his Royal Highness the 
 Duke of Cumberland gave me — John Hutton — a 
 chestnut Arabian in exchange for a brown colt, got 
 
BRITISH TURF. 4GI 
 
 by Squirt, bred from the Ruby mare, and which 
 his Royal Highness afterwards called Marsk. 
 
 ** My Blacklegs was got by the Mulco Bay Turk ; 
 his dam by Coney skins, his grandam was the Old 
 Club-foot mare, got by Mr. Welkes's Huntboy.*' 
 
 " The above are true copies from Mr. Hutton's 
 stud book. 
 
 Marsh, Oct. 1801. 
 
 E. Geldart.'' 
 
 At Newmarket in April, 1754, Marsk received 
 40 gs. forfeit from Mr. Cornwall's grey colt, by his 
 Arabian ; on the 8th of May, he won the jockey 
 club plate of 100 gs. and upwards, for four years 
 olds, 8st. one heat over the round course, beating 
 Mr. Panton's Pythos, Mr. Crofts's BriUiant, Lord 
 Gower's Ginger, and Mr. Vernon's Bear ; and in 
 October following, Marsk at 9st. beat Lord Tren- 
 tham's Ginger, by Shock, 8st. 91b. ; B. C. 300 gs. 
 
 Marsk only started three times besides the above, 
 viz : — In April, 1755, when he was beat by Bril- 
 liant and Syphon; in April, and May 1756, when 
 he was beat in two matches by Snap ; and in Oc- 
 tober following, he paid forfeit to Spectator. 
 
 Marsk was a private staUion till the death of his 
 Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, which 
 happened in the year 1765. He was sold at his 
 Royal Highness's sale at Mr. Tattersall's to a far- 
 mer, for a trifling sum, being considered a very in- 
 different stallion ; and in 1766, he covered country 
 mares in Dorsetshire, at half a guinea. He was 
 
462 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 afterwards purchased by Mr. Wildman for 20 gs. ; 
 the seller being highly pleased that he had quitted, 
 as he thought, a bad bargain. 
 
 In 1707, he covered at Bistern near Ringwood, 
 Hants, at 3 gs. and 5s, In 1769, at Gibbons' 
 Grove, near Leatherhead, Surrey, at 5. gs. and 55. 
 and in 1770 at 10 gs. and 5s ; after which he was 
 advanced to 30 gs. and 5^. 
 
 Marsk soon became, by the unparalleled perform- 
 ances of the famed Eclipse, the first stallion in 
 the kingdom ; and was in consequence thereof 
 purchased by the Earl of Abingdon for 1000 gs. 
 and sent to his Lordship's stud at Rycot, in Ox- 
 fordshire, where he covered, previous to his death, 
 which happened in July 1779, at 100 gs. and one 
 guinea the groom. 
 
 The first of Marsk's get that started was his 
 Eoyal Highness's chesnut filly, (out of Lord Pom- 
 fret's Saracen's dam) that beat Lord Bolingbroke's 
 bay filly, by Lord Gower's stallion, (out of Ma- 
 rotte's dam) 8st. 71b. each, over the Duke's course, 
 for 300 gs. at Newmarket, in April 1765. 
 
 Marsk was sire of many excellent racers and 
 stallions, which are given in the following list, 
 with the year in which each was foaled : 
 
 Owners. 
 
 1762. Marsk, Mr Fettyplace. 
 
 1764. Eclipse, Mr. Wildman. 
 Grand Diavolo, Mr. Shafto. 
 Woodcock, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 1765. Grig, Lord Bolingbroke. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 463 
 
 1766. iEnigma, 
 Carina, ', 
 Doraitian, 
 Proserpine, 
 Sertorius, 
 Stripling, 
 Transit, 
 1770. Bell's dam, 
 Coalheaver, 
 Desdemona, 
 Eagle's dam. 
 Lioness, 
 Mignone, 
 Temperance, 
 Topgallant, 
 1771- Adelaide, 
 Folly, 
 
 Hephestion, 
 Honest Kitt, 
 Jack of Hilton, 
 Juno, 
 Leviathan, 
 Magnolia, 
 Masquerade, 
 Matron's dam. 
 Narcissus, 
 Pontifex, 
 Pretender, 
 
 Revenge, 
 
 Salopian, 
 
 Shark, 
 
 Signora Bacelli, 
 
 Sphynx, 
 
 Vizard, 
 
 Young Marsk, 
 1772. Caesar, 
 
 Clay HaU Marsk, 
 
 Garrick, 
 
 Owners . 
 
 Mr. Pigott. 
 Duke of Grafton. 
 Mr. March. 
 Duke of Ancaster. 
 Duke of Grafton. 
 Lord Bohngbroke. 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 Mr. Douglas. 
 Sir E. Bunbury. 
 Lord Milsintoune. 
 Mr. Wyndham. 
 Mr. Blake. 
 Sir F. Evelyn. 
 Mr. Wildman. 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 Mr WaUer. 
 Mr. King. 
 D uke of Ancaster. 
 Mr. Pigott. 
 Mr. H. Vernon. 
 Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 Lord Clermont. 
 Lord Egremont. 
 Mr. Codrington. 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 Mr. Vernon. 
 Mr. Pigott. 
 
 Mr. Pigott. 
 
 Mr. H. Vernon. 
 
 Lord Ossory. 
 
 Duke of Bolton. 
 
 Mr. Hutton. 
 
 Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Mr. Dawson. 
 
 Lord Abingdon, 
 
464 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 
 Owners. 
 
 1772. Looby, 
 
 Mr. Wildman. 
 
 Pontac, 
 
 Sir L, Dundas. 
 
 Zara, 
 
 Mr. H. Vernon. 
 
 1773. Eloisa, 
 
 Sir S. Stuart. 
 
 Teucer's dam. 
 
 Duke of Bedford. 
 
 1774. Calphurnia, 
 
 Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Ceres, 
 
 Mr. Gascoyne. 
 
 Pompey, 
 
 Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Punch's dam. 
 
 Mr. Dutton. 
 
 1775. Cardinal York, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 Inamorato, 
 
 Mr. Dymock. 
 
 Lexicon, 
 
 Lord Craven. 
 
 Paul Jones, 
 
 Mr. Dymock. 
 
 Pisistratur, 
 
 Mr. Bertie. 
 
 Rodney, 
 
 Mr. Meadows. 
 
 TuUiola, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 1776. America, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 Coq du Village, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 Fierifacias, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 Flying Gib, 
 
 Mr. Bertie. 
 
 Grasshopper, 
 
 Mr. Dutton. 
 
 Je ne sais quoi. 
 
 Mr. Ways. 
 
 1777. Congressa, afterwards Sane. 
 
 - 
 
 ta Maria, 
 
 Lord Craven. 
 
 Jocunda, 
 
 Mr. Bertie. 
 
 John-a-Nokes, 
 
 Mr. Bertie. 
 
 Miss Duncomb, 
 
 Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 Pubhcola, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 1778. Rowena, 
 
 Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Shag, 
 
 Mr. Bertie. 
 
 Stiletto, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 1779. Haphazard, 
 
 Mr. Bertie, 
 
 Tick-tack, 
 
 Lord Abingdon. 
 
 1780. Gass's dam. 
 
 Mr. Churchill, (supposed to be 
 
 
 the last get). 
 
 There were several others of Marsk's get, but 
 
BRITISH TURF. 465 
 
 which were not distinguished by any particular 
 name. 
 
 The produce by Marsk, won as follows ; 
 
 1765 
 
 1 Winner won 
 
 1766 
 
 1 
 
 »> 
 
 1767 
 
 1 
 
 »> 
 
 1768 
 
 2 Winners won 
 
 1769 
 
 3 
 
 j» 
 
 1770 
 
 6 
 
 >» 
 
 1771 
 
 2 
 
 >» 
 
 1772 
 
 1 Winner won 
 
 1773 
 
 3 Winners won 
 
 1774 
 
 16 
 
 » 
 
 1775 
 
 24 
 
 » 
 
 1776 
 
 23 
 
 >» 
 
 1777 
 
 15 
 
 »» 
 
 1778 
 
 7 
 
 » 
 
 1779 
 
 14 
 
 it 
 
 1780 
 
 12 
 
 >» 
 
 1781 
 
 8 
 
 *y 
 
 1782 
 
 5 
 
 »» 
 
 17S3 
 
 4 
 
 »* 
 
 1784 
 
 3 
 
 t> 
 
 1785 
 
 2 
 
 »* 
 
 1786 
 
 1 W 
 
 inner won 
 
 £. 
 
 s, 
 
 315 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 260 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 945 
 
 1 
 
 4,512 
 
 10 
 
 310 
 
 
 
 995 
 
 
 
 312 
 
 10 
 
 5,507 
 
 15 
 
 18,500 
 
 15 
 
 19,235 
 
 13 
 
 6,201 
 
 3 
 
 2,754 
 
 5 
 
 4,637 
 
 4 
 
 2,727 
 
 10 
 
 1,856 
 
 
 
 707 
 
 5 
 
 252 
 
 10 
 
 512 
 
 10 
 
 268 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 71,205 
 
 10 
 
 In 22yrs.l54 
 
 Besides the above stated sums 
 
 In 1769, at Salisbury, the City Silver Bowl was won by Mr. Wild- 
 man's Eclipse. 
 1773, at Epsom, the Cup, by Lord S. Hamilton's Stripling. 
 
 1775, at Newmarket, thirteen hogsheads of claret, by Shark. 
 
 1776, at Newmarket, fifteen hogsheads of claret, by Pontac ; 
 „ at Ipswich, the Gold Cup, by Hephestion. 
 
 1778, at Newmarket, the WTiip, by Shark. 
 
 VOL. 1. H H 
 
466 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Exclusive of the above, it is probable there 
 may have been several other winners of Marsk's 
 get, but they are unknown. 
 
 ON THE DEATH OF OLD MARSK, 
 
 WHICH HAPPENED IN JULY, 1779, IN HIS 29TH YEAR. 
 
 Ye sportsmen, for a while refrain your mirth ; 
 Old Marsk is dead ! consigned to peaceful earth ; 
 The king of horses now, alas ! is gone. 
 Sire of Eclipse, who ne'er was beat by one. 
 Yet tho' your cheeks you may bedew, 'tis vain. 
 Since Marsk must cease to trip it o'er the plain. 
 His brilliant feats the noblemen record. 
 For high in favour was he with each lord. 
 His well-descended blood the sportsmen trace. 
 And sound his fame in each contested race. 
 The stock of Marsk we circumspectly view. 
 Announce that they were runners swift and true. 
 Say, shall I mention Shark and Masquerade, 
 Whose great pre-eminence was oft displayed ? 
 Or shall Hephestion crown my humble lays ? 
 Or shall I tell of Sphynx, or Pontac's praise ? 
 Salopian and Pretender, shall I name ? 
 Or speak of Honest Kitt and Transit's fame ? 
 Shall brave Leviathan adorn my theme ? 
 For he was justly held in high esteem. 
 Revenge and Caesar, both occur to mind. 
 And Flying Jib went briskly as the wind; 
 There's Jack of Hilton, too, and John-a-Nokes, 
 Have often pleas'd, but seldom grieved the folks. 
 Let me not pass Young Marsk in silence o'er, 
 Tho' once he started, only, and no more ; 
 Misfortune check'd him in his swift career. 
 Or from competitors he'd nought to fear. 
 Fain would I now attempt the whole detail. 
 But well I know my numbers soon would fail ; 
 With Temp'rance, therefore, I shall pass the rest. 
 And briefly say that Stripling stood the test. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 467 
 
 Here, should my muse presume to moralise, 
 What scope for deep reflection would arise ! 
 Might she not say that life is but a race. 
 And that 'tis finished in a little space ? 
 Thousands, no doubt, will one day wish to lie. 
 As safe as Marsk beneath an angry sky. 
 
 Snap. A brown horse, foaled in 1750, bred by 
 Cuthbert Ruth, Esq., and sold to Jenison Shafto, 
 Esq. Snap was got by Snip, his dam (sister to 
 Mr. Panton's Slipby) by Lord Portmore's Fox, 
 out of the Duke of Bolton's Gipsey. 
 
 Snap raced in the Earl of Sandwich's name. 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 1756, Snap 
 beat the Duke of Cumberland's Marsk, lOst. each, 
 B. C, 1000 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, 
 he beat Marsk a second time, at the same weight, 
 B. C, 1000 gs. The odds at starting were ten 
 to one on Snap, and over the flat, thirty to one, 
 Marsk being all abroad, and was beat by half a 
 distance, at the Ditch-half-mile. Snap also won 
 the Free plate of £100 for six years olds, lOst., 
 and 'aged, lOst. 71b., four mile heats, at York, 
 beating Mr. Eastby's Farmer, aged, and Mr. 
 Robinson's Music, six years old, who was second 
 and drawn. At starting, six and seven to four 
 on Snap ; after the heat, twenty to one. He also 
 received 50 gs. not to start for the Free Plate of 
 £100, at Stockton. At Newmarket, in April, 1757, 
 Snap beat Lord Gower's Sweepstakes, 9st. each, 
 B. C., 1000 gs. The above were the only times 
 of his running. 
 
 H h2 
 
468 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Snap was a very fine horse, of a beautiful shape, 
 justness of proportion, great power of sinew, 
 which was strong, firm, and vigorous, and was 
 allowed to be as good a runner, if not better, than 
 any horse of his time. 
 
 Immediately after running his last race, he was 
 sent to succeed his sire at Kenton, in Northum- 
 berland, but was afterwards removed to West 
 Wratting, the seat of Mr. Shafto, where he died 
 in the year 1777. The following paragraph was 
 published at his death : — 
 
 '^In the beginning of July, died, at his seat, 
 at West Wratting, Cambridgeshire, aged twenty- 
 seven years, Cuthbert Snap, Esq., who has left 
 a numerous progeny, which have shone with 
 lustre in their generations. He had many favourite 
 sons, the most distinguished of which, is Gold- 
 finder, who most inherits his father's blood. His 
 eldest son. Omnium, was unfortunate in his youth, 
 by getting lame, otherwise he would have been 
 his father's darling ; nevertheless, he has not dis- 
 graced his great progenitor, and has improved 
 the family estate. Mr. Snap had many favourite 
 daughters ; among whom, Angelica married early 
 to Tartar Herod, Esq. ; by whom she had Charles 
 Evergreen, Esq., a gentleman of great merit, now 
 residing at Leverington, near Wisbeach ; also 
 Snapdragon, who produced the hero that won the 
 5,500 gs. at Newmarket Second Spring Meeting, 
 1777. There was also another daughter, who 
 
BRITISH TURF. 469 
 
 was mother of the famous Pantaloon. The mo- 
 ther of Shark was Hkewise of this family, as was 
 the mother of the celebrated Alfred. He has left 
 many valuable legacies to his different relations ; 
 but the bulk of his fortune, amounting to upwards 
 of £30,000, he generously distributed in his life- 
 time to his patrons, the Shafto family. His seat, 
 at West Wratting, he has bequeathed to his fa- 
 vourite daughter, Angelica (Assassin's dam), for 
 life, where she is now resident." 
 
 In 1758, Snap covered at Kenton; in 1759, 
 at Mr. Robert Wilkinson's, the Oak-tree, in Leem- 
 ing Lane, Yorkshire ; in 1760 and 1761, at Smea- 
 ton, near Northallerton ; in 1762-65, at Mr. Sell's, 
 at Thurlow, nine miles from Newmarket ; in 1776, 
 at Babram, near Newmarket ; after which, he was 
 removed to West Wratting. He covered at 10 gs. 
 a mare, and 5s. the groom. 
 
 Snap was sire of a great many excellent racers, 
 stallions, and brood mares, as will appear in the 
 various pedigrees. 
 
 The produce by Snap, won as follows, viz : — 
 
 
 
 
 
 £. 
 
 s 
 
 In 1763 
 
 7 Winners 
 
 won 
 
 2,438 
 
 10 
 
 1764 
 
 11 
 
 »> 
 
 
 5,350 
 
 
 
 1765 
 
 14 
 
 » 
 
 
 6,050 
 
 
 
 1766 
 
 6 
 
 if 
 
 
 1,843 
 
 5 
 
 1767 
 
 13 
 
 9* 
 
 
 5,432 
 
 15 
 
 1768 
 
 21 
 
 » 
 
 
 8,127 
 
 5 
 
 1769 
 
 19 Winners 
 
 won 
 
 10,403 
 
 5 
 
470 
 
 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 £. 
 
 s^ 
 
 1770 
 
 22 
 
 Winners won. 
 
 7,525 
 
 5 
 
 1771 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 8,813 
 
 10 
 
 1772 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 6,517 
 
 11 
 
 1773 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 5,771 
 
 15 
 
 1774 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 7,103 
 
 10 
 
 1775 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 4,578 
 
 10 
 
 1776 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 4,522 
 
 10 
 
 1777 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 3,069 
 
 15 
 
 1778 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 835 
 
 
 
 1779 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 3,635 
 
 15 
 
 1780 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 102 
 
 10 
 
 1781 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 155 
 
 
 
 1782 no 
 
 winners 
 
 
 
 
 
 1783 
 
 2 
 
 
 >f 
 
 
 257 
 
 10 
 
 1786 
 
 1 
 
 Winner won 
 
 99 
 
 15 
 
 In 21 yrs. 261 Winners won 92,537 16 
 
 Syphon. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1750, bred 
 by the Duke of Bolton, and sold to WiUiam Fen- 
 wick, Esq., of By well, Northumberland. Syphon 
 was got by Squirt, (sire of Marsk,) his dam by 
 Patriot, grandam by Mr. Panton's Crab, out of 
 an own sister to the Duke of Bolton's Sloven. 
 
 In 1754, Syphon won the great subscription of 
 £160. 5s, for four years olds, 9st. at York, beating 
 at three two mile heats, Mr. Shafto's Snip, Mr. Els- 
 leg's Wittington, Mr. Ann's Diana, Lord Rocking- 
 ham's Negro, Mr. Read's Grandison, and Mr. Dun- 
 comb's Lisander; also £50 for four years olds, 9st. at 
 Morpeth, beating Mr. Wilson's Flora, Mr. Carter's 
 Chance, and distanced Mr. Bullock's Spot. At New- 
 market in April 1755, Syphon started for £50, and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 4?! 
 
 was second to Brilliant, beating Marsk and five 
 others. He only started once after, but broke 
 down in running. Syphon first covered at Gid- 
 dens, between Canterbury and Dover, at one 
 guinea and 25. In 1765, he covered at Ellerton 
 near Catterick, Yorkshire, at 3 gs. and 2s. 6d. 
 and in 1771, he was advanced to 5 gs. and 5s. 
 The first winner of his get was Mr. Shafto's Daisy, 
 that won the £50 for three years olds, at New- 
 market, in October 1770, beating Lord Boling- 
 broke 's Gracchus, and nine others. He was also 
 sire of Mr. Bower's Anna Maria, Sir John Moore's 
 Tipsy, Mr. Pratt's Tosspot, Lord Stanley's Pros- 
 pero, Sir Charles Bunbury's Margaretta, Mr. Shaf- 
 to's Tandem, Lord Grosvenor's Sweet-William, 
 Mr. Smith's Auction, Lord Grosvenor's Sweet- 
 briar, Mr. Bethel's Mackerel, Lord Abingdon's 
 Tycho, Mr. Parker's Thistle, (that won the Queen's 
 guineas at Chelmsford in 1775), Mr. Ayrton's 
 Lucy, (that won the Port stakes at Pickering, in 
 1779), Mr. Foley's Enterprise and Pastor, Mr. 
 Hutchinson's Hermit, and several others. 
 
 Syphon was sire of the dam of Miss Blanchard, 
 Cowslip, Young Highflyer, Maid of all work, &c., 
 of the dam of Mr. Stapleton's Tommy, Sir Tho- 
 mas Gascoigne's Violet, (dam of Symmetry, Slap- 
 bang, Lennox, &c. ;) of the dam of Mr. Cradock's 
 Pencil, Guide, Tiptoe, &c. of Mr. Pratt's Meretrix, 
 Privateer, &c. 
 
 It has been generally supposed that Syphon 
 
472 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 would have got as many good horses as any stallion 
 of his time, if he had only served proper mares, 
 when he first began to cover in 1757 ; for it ap- 
 pears that until he came to Ellerton, there had not 
 been any mares of note sent to him. Daisy's 
 dam, (a Cadermus mare out of Childerkin) was put 
 to Syphon in 1766 ; Sweet-William's dam, (a sister 
 to Twig) in 1767; and Sweetbriar's dam (a 
 Shakspeare mare, out of Miss Meredith) in 1768. 
 Therefore, as Daisy in October 1770, was the first 
 winner ; Mr. Bower's Anna-Maria, (which won 
 £50 for four years olds at York, in 1771,) the 
 second ; and as Sweet-William did not start until 
 the 11th of May 1774, and Sweetbriar not till the 
 Newmarket first October Meeting, 1773, Syphon 
 might then be justly considered to be too far ad- 
 vanced in years to get many racers of note. Tan- 
 dem was got in 1772, and Mr. Hutchinson's Her- 
 mit not till 1775 ; Syphon being then in his 25th. 
 year. 
 
 Patriot, sire of the dam of Syphon, was a 
 brown horse, foaled in 1729, and bred by the Duke 
 of Bolton. He was got by Bay Bolton ; his dam 
 by Jigg, sire of Partner, out of Old Lady, 
 the grandam of his Grace's Starling. At New- 
 market, in October 1734, Patriot beat the Duke 
 of Devonshire's chesnut horse, by Childers, out of 
 Old Ebony, 8st. 71b. each; four miles for 300 gs. 
 
 1750. — On the 1st. of September of this year, 
 the following absurd and cruel race took place at 
 
BRITISH TURF. 473 
 
 Epsom, between Mr. Girdwood's horse Crop, and 
 a roan horse of Mr. Harris's. Crop was to go 
 100 miles before the roan went 80; the match 
 being for 100 gs. Much betting was made on the 
 result. The horses started about half past six in the 
 morning. Crop ran ten times round the course, 
 making 20 miles in about an hour, and w^as already 
 almost beat in going round the eleventh time. 
 The other horse was also so knocked up, as not to 
 be able to make even a trot, so that they walked 
 the course with their riders on their backs, people 
 going before them with sieves of oats, to entice 
 them on, which had a most ridiculous effect. By 
 the time the roan horse had gone 80 miles. Crop 
 had gone 94, so that he lost the race by six miles. 
 Crop was sold immediately after the race for 5 gs. 
 to a Mr. Skinner, it not being thought that he 
 would live. He, however, lived to win for that 
 gentleman upwards of £500 in various matches ; 
 and died about eight years after the above men- 
 tioned event. 
 
 1750. — On the 29th. of August, of this year, 
 was decided the remarkable chaise match, made 
 by the Earl of March, (afterwards Duke of Queens- 
 bury) and the Earl of Eglintoun, with Count Theo- 
 bald Taafe, and Andrew^ Sprowle, Esq., for 1000 gs. 
 
 The conditions of this wager were, to get a car- 
 riage with four running wheels, and a person in or 
 upon it, drawn by four horses, nineteen miles in 
 one hour. Their Lordships were to give two 
 
474 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 months' notice, what week it should be done in, 
 and had the liberty of choosing any day in that 
 week. 
 
 The match was performed on Newmarket heath, 
 in 53 minutes and 27 seconds, as appeared by 
 three stop watches the umpires held, which did not 
 vary one second. 
 
 The machine, with a postillion of Lord March's 
 fixed thereon, weighed about 24 stone. The 
 horses, three of which had won plates, were all 
 trained for racing ; the two leaders, including 
 rider, saddles and harness, carried about 8st. each, 
 and the wheel horses, about 7st. each. 
 
 Tawney (formerly Mr. Greville's) the near 
 leader, was rode by W. Everatt, Mr. Panton's 
 groom, who had the conducting the rate to go at. 
 The ofF-leader, Roderick Random, (bought from 
 Mr. Hamford for this occasion,) the near wheeler 
 Chance, (formerly the Duke of Hamilton's) and 
 the ofF-wheeler, Little Dan, (Mr. Thompson's of 
 Beverley, Yorkshire,) were rode by three boys, who 
 had bolsters to preserve their shoulders. A groom 
 dressed in crimson velvet rode before to clear the 
 way ; the postillion, (a boy) was dressed in a white 
 satin jacket, black velvet cap, and red silk stock- 
 ings ; and Mr. Everett, and the three boys, that 
 rode the horses, were in blue satin waiscoats, 
 buckskin breeches, with white silk stockings, and 
 black velvet caps. 
 
 The traces of the machine, by an ingenuous con- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 475 
 
 trivance, were made to run into bones with 
 springs, in order that, incase any of the horses hung 
 back, to prevent the traces from getting under their 
 legs ; and a rope went from the further end of the 
 carriage to the pole, and was brought back from 
 under it, to keep the pole steady. By the side of 
 the wheel, there were tin cases with oil dropping 
 on the axle-tree, to prevent its taking fire. The 
 postiUion placed thereon was only to fulfil the 
 conditions. 
 
 It started about seven in the morning, near the 
 six mile house, and ran between the warren and 
 rubbing houses, came through at the ditch, called 
 the running gap, then turned to the right, and 
 went three times round a corded piece of ground, 
 of four miles, and then back to the place it started 
 
476 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 from. The horses ran away the first four miles 
 with their riders and carriage, doing them in nine 
 minutes ; the odds were then two to one. A vast 
 crowd of spectators assembled to witness this cele- 
 brated match, and large sums depended on it. Mr. 
 George Tanting, and a groom of Lord March's, 
 were the only persons permitted to ride with it, 
 and thev were to assist in case of accident. 
 
 Careless. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1751, bred 
 by John Borlace Warren, Esq., of Stapleford, Not- 
 tinghamshire. Careless was got by Regulus, out of 
 Silvertail, the dam of Shortsman, Fearnought, &c. 
 
 In 1751, Careless won £50, for four years olds, 
 9st., at Derby, beating at three heats, Mr. Eger- 
 ton's Rocket, by Regulus, Mr. Curzon's Worm- 
 wood, and two others ; also 50 gs., for four years 
 olds, 9st., at Litchfield, beating Mr. Parker's 
 Chance, Mr. Barry's Bonny-lass, and Mr. Smith's 
 Star. At Newmarket, in October, he won the 
 80 gs., for four years olds, 8st. 71b., four miles of 
 B. C, beating Mr. Swinburn's Judgment, and 
 Sir John Moore's Glutton. At Newmarket, in 
 April, 1756, he won £50, for horses, &c., rising 
 five years old, 8st. 71b., one heat over the R. C, 
 beating the Duke of Ancaster's Myrtle, Mr. Mere- 
 dith's Eastby Miller, Lord Chedworth's Bauble, 
 and Mr. Blake's Fanny ; he walked over for the 
 King's plate at Burford ; won £50, for five years 
 olds, lOst., two mile heats, at Nottingham, beating 
 Mr. Larkins' Eastby Miller, and Mr. WilHams' Rib; 
 
BRITISH TURF. 477 
 
 walked over for £50, for five years olds, at Hun- 
 tingdon ; also for the King's plate, at Litchfield. 
 In 1757, Careless won the King's plate, at Guild- 
 ford, beating Mr. Rogers' Newcastle Jack, who 
 was drawn after the first heat ; the King's plate, 
 at Winchester, beating Mr. Swymmer's Monock, 
 who also ran but one heat ; w^alked over for the 
 King's plate, at Salisbury, and Canterbury ; won 
 the King's plate, at Lewes, beating at one heat 
 Mr. Rogers' Newcastle Jack ; walked over for 
 the King's plate at Lincoln, and won the King's 
 plate, at Newmarket, in October, beating the 
 Duke of Kingston's Prince T. Quassaw. They 
 ran the first heat in 8 minutes and 45 seconds, 
 and the second heat in 8 minutes and 40 seconds. 
 He also walked over for the King's plate, at New- 
 market, in April, 1758, which was the tenth of 
 his winning, and the only ones he ever started for. 
 He won £50 weight for age, at Nottingham, beat- 
 ing easy. Sir Richard Grosvenor's Stately, aged, 
 allowing her 81b. He was beat (for the first time,) 
 at three heats, by Atlas, at Huntingdon ; but ten 
 days after he won the £100 plate, lOst. 71b., each 
 at York, beating the Duke of Kingston's Prince 
 T. Quassaw, who was drawn after the first heat ; 
 at starting seven and eight to one, on Careless. 
 In 1759, he walked over for £50, at Stamford, and 
 won though lame, the great subscription of £234 
 105.,forsix years olds, 8st. 71b., and aged, 9st., 
 four miles at York, beating Mr. Fenwick's Ma- 
 
478 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tilda, by Cade, 6 years old, and Lord Rocking- 
 ham's Scrub, aged ; at starting four and five to 
 one on Careless ; the heat was run in 8 minutes and 
 8 seconds, and won by a length. In ] 760, he 
 won the great subscription of £255, weight 9st., 
 four miles at York, beating the Duke of Devon- 
 shire's Atlas, on whom the odds were five to one. 
 Careless only started once after, when he was beat 
 bv Scrub and Maria, at York, in 1761 : he also 
 was beat by Atlas, at Newmarket, in April, 1759, 
 which, with the above, were his only engagements. 
 Careless was afterwards a stallion, in the Duke 
 of Kingston's stud, at Holme Pierrepoint, Not- 
 tinghamshire, where he served mares at 10 gs., 
 and 05. He was sire of the Duke of Kingston's 
 Christopass, Catch'em, Cossack, Crony, Chrysis, 
 Antonio, &c. ; of Sir Charles Sedley's Regulator 
 and Rattletrap ; of Mr. Bailey's Lydia, Mr. Pat- 
 terson's Silvertail, Mr. Vernon's Petit-Gris, Lord 
 Abingdon's Impostor, Mr. Powell's Prodigal, Mr. 
 Wentworth's Mousetrap, Mr. H. Vernon's Va- 
 ranes, Mr. Douglas's Alderman, and several others. 
 He also got the dam of Lord Abingdon's Magna 
 Charta, Lord Melsintoune's Catalpha, Sir John 
 Lade's Plutus, Mr. Lade's Plutitia, Mr. Douglas' 
 Spider, Competitor and Grantham, Mr. Gas- 
 coigne's Ceres, &c. ; and the grand am s of Mr. 
 Preston's Silverlocks, Mr. Clifton's Geranium 
 Lord Darlington's Ruby, Mr. Bullock's Alarm, 
 Lord Barrymore's Musquito, &c. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 479 
 
 Crispin. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1751, bred 
 by the Duke of Ancaster, and sold to Mr. Adams. 
 Crispin was got by the Duke of Ancaster 's Starling, 
 his dam by Whitefoot, grandam by Mr. Alcock's 
 Arabian, (sire of Crab), great grandam by Mr. 
 Pelham's bay barb, out of a natural barb mare. 
 Crispin was own brother to his grace's Slave, 
 (afterwards Mr. Boothby's Grantham), and his 
 dam was also the dam of Mr. Panton's Cocker, 
 &c. 
 
 At Newmarket, in October, 1755, Crispin re- 
 ceived a forfeit from Lord Northumberland's grey 
 filly, by Starling, dam by Cade. He was sold to 
 Mr. Adams ; and in the same month he won £50, 
 at Chipping-Norton, beating at three heats Mr. 
 Hitchman's Young Marksman, and Lord Port- 
 more's Gay. In 1756, he won £50, at Wisbeach, 
 beating at three heats, Mr. Leeson's Young Squirt, 
 Mr. Cross's (late Mr. Hunt's) Fox, Mr. Boyce's 
 Young Driver, and Mr. Pelton's Freeholder ; also 
 £50 at Rumford, beating at three heats, Mr. Cham- 
 berlane's Ruby, Lord Craven's Anthony, and Mr. 
 Scott's Ajax, (late Terrible). In 1757, Crispin, 
 (8st. 14oz.), won £50, give and take, at Epsom, 
 beating at four heats, Mr. Wentworth's Little Da- 
 vid, aged, 8st. 71b., Mr. Storey's Cleveland Betty, 
 five years old, 6st. 121b. 4oz., Sir Richard Gros- 
 venor's Camilla, aged, 8st. 51b. 4oz., and four 
 others ; £50 give and take, at Knutsford, beating 
 at four heats, Mr. Smith's Aaron, Mr. Eastby's 
 
480 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Farmer, and Mr. Edward's Flora ; also £50 for 
 six years olds, 8st. 71b., and aged, 9st., beating at 
 three three mile heats, Mr. Swymmer's Tantivy, 
 Mr. Stamford's Crab, Mr. Lincoln's Emma, Sir 
 H. Pettus's Pickpocket, and the Duke of Cum- 
 berland's Ranger. In 1758, Crispin (9st.) won 
 £50, give and take, at Hull, beating Mr. Hudson's 
 Blacklegs, 8st., Mr. Stanhope's Shorthose, 7st. 
 101b. 8oz., &c. ; also £50 give and take, at Knuts- 
 ford, beating Mr. Maltas's Slug, and Mr. Lever's 
 Neptune. At Newmarket, in April 1759, Crispin 
 8st. 101b., beat Mr. Robinson's black gelding, 
 carrying a feather, B. C. 100 gs., and received a 
 forfeit from the same gelding. He also won £50, 
 give and take, at Ascot Heath, beating Sir James 
 Lowther's Whitelegs, and £50 give and take, at 
 Knutsford, beating at three heats, Mr. Barry's 
 Kitty Fisher, Mr. Button's Creeping Kate, Mr. 
 Egerton's Pig, and Mr. Clifton's Hermit, who won 
 the first heat, but was distanced in running for 
 the second along with Mr. Swinburn's Judgment 
 and two others. In 1760, he beat Mr. Hud- 
 son's Bald Stag, at two four mile heats for 200 gs. 
 at Barnet. 
 
 Dainty Davy. A bay horse, foaled in 1752, the 
 property of the Duke of Cleveland. Dainty Davy 
 was got by Traveller, out of the noted mare called 
 Slighted-by-all. 
 
 In 1756, Dainty Davy walked over for the Maiden 
 plate of £50, for four years olds, at Alnwick ; and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 481 
 
 won £50, four years olds, 9st., three mile 
 heats at Stockton, beating at three heats. Sir Wil- 
 liam Pennyman's Cleveland, Mr. Robinson's Ma- 
 riner, and Mr. Kaye's Sportsman ; at starting two 
 to one on Mariner, after the first heat the same, 
 but after the second heat three to one on Dainty 
 Davy ; the first heat Dainty Davy and Mariner 
 waited on each other, which gave Cleveland an 
 opportunity of winning the heat easy ; for the se- 
 cond and third heats. Dainty Davy went off at a 
 score, and won them both, probably easy, by which 
 the friends of Mariner were deeply taken in. 
 
 In 1757, Dainty Davy won £50, give and take 
 at Newcastle, carrying 8st. 31b. 12oz., beating at 
 three heats, Mr. Shafto's Ripon, aged, 9st. lib, 
 12oz., Mr. Harrison's Merry-Brown-Thing, five 
 years old 8st. 21b., Mr. Charlton's Creeping Kate, 
 aged, 8st. lO^lb., and Mr. Hunter's Smiling Molly, 
 five years old, 8st. 21b. The first heat was won 
 by Ripon from Smiling Molly ; Dainty Davy and 
 Ripon distanced the other three the last heat. 
 He won £50, for five years olds, 9st., three mile 
 heats at Durham, beating Mr. Smith's Careless 
 by Traveller, Mr. Dealty's Cream of Tartar, and 
 Mr. Smith's Royal, by Tartar; the £100 plate, 
 for five years olds, 8st. 71b., at Stockton, beating 
 Mr. Holme's Wildair, by Old Starling ; and re- 
 ceived a premium not to start for the £50 give 
 and take there. On the 24th September, Dainty 
 Davy, 8st. 101b., beat Mr. Shafto's Ripon, six 
 
 VOL. I, II 
 
482 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 years old, 9st., four miles for 500 gs., at Stockton. 
 This was one of the hollowest matches ever run, 
 for had Dainty Davy continued his own rate, he 
 would have beat Ripon half a mile. So various were 
 the opinions of the sportsmen on this race, that 
 ^ve to four were betted on both horses ; but when 
 they had run about a mile, the odds were ten to 
 one against Ripon. In October, he w^on £50, 
 for five years olds, 9st., three mile heats at Mor- 
 peth, beating Mr. Mann's Britons-strike-home, 
 by Tartar, and Mr. Dacre's Princess Zama. 
 
 In 1758, Dainty Davy won £50 give and take, 
 at Newcastle, beating Mr. Henderson's Dainty 
 Dolly, who was second and drawn ; he also at the 
 same meeting won the £80 plate, for six years 
 olds, 8st. 121b., and aged 9st. 81b., four mile heats, 
 beating Mr. Swinburn's Judgment, and Mr. 
 Holme's Wildair, six years old, and walked over 
 for £50, give and take, at Durham. 
 
 In 1759, Dainty Davy, 9st. lib. 12 oz., won £50 
 give and take, at Newcastle, beating Mr. Swin- 
 burn's Sprightly, ^ve years old, 7st. 121b. 8oz., 
 and Mr. Fenwick's Pigeon, five years, 8st. 21b. 
 lOoz. ; he also won the £70 plate there for six 
 years olds, 8st. 121b., and aged 9st. 61b., four mile 
 heats, beating Mr. Swinburn's Cadermus, six 
 years old, and Mr. Smith's Views of Pleasure, who 
 was distanced the second heat ; he walked over for 
 £50, give and take at York, won the Gold cup, 
 value £70, for aged horses, 9st., all under 8st. 71b., 
 
BRITISH TURF. 483 
 
 four miles, being the first, at Richmond, beating 
 Mr. Wentworth's Charmer, six years old, Mr. 
 Buston's Brisk, five years old, Mr. Turner's Bru- 
 tus, aged. Lord Byron's Osmar, aged, Mr. Weigh- 
 ill's Young Sedbury, and Mr. Fenwick's Matilda, 
 six years old. At starting Hve to four against 
 Dainty Davy, four to one against Brutus, and 
 seven to one against Charmer. Dainty Davy was 
 rode by Thomas Jackson, Charmer by Charles 
 Dawson, and Brisk by Joseph Rose. He also at 
 the same meeting, won the £50, give and take, 
 beating M/. Osbaldeston's Miss Patty, five years 
 old, the Countess of Northumberland's Irene, six 
 years old, and Mr. Hutton's Juggler, four years 
 old ; at starting four and five to one on Dainty 
 Davy. 
 
 In 1760, Dainty Davy won £50, give and take 
 at Newcastle, beating Mr. Turner's Serpent* 
 who was second and drawn ; he also won the 
 £60 plate there for six years olds, 8st. 1 21b., 
 and aged, 9st. 61b., four mile heats, beating Mr. 
 Swinburn's Nabob, aged, and Mr. Turner's Bru- 
 tus, aged ; and £50 give and take, at York, carry- 
 ing 9st. 61b. 2oz., beating Lord Rockingham's 
 Scrub, aged, 9st. 7lb. 14oz. ; at starting six and 
 seven to four on Dainty Davy. He also won the 
 Gold cup value £70, for aged, 9st., all under 8st. 
 71b., four miles at Richmond, beating Mr. Hutton's 
 Silvio, six years old, and Mr. Brandling's Encore, 
 six years old, two to one on Dainty Davy. 
 
 I I 2 
 
484 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 In 1761, Dainty Davy walked over for £50 give 
 and take, at York, and won the Gold cup, value 
 £80 for aged, 9st., four miles, at Richmond, beating 
 Mr. Mutton's Silvio, aged ; at starting five and 
 six to one on Dainty Davy. 
 
 In 1762, Dainty Davy won £50, give and take, 
 at Hull, beating Mr. Swinburn's Sprightly and 
 Mr. JollifF's Newland ; received a £5 premium not 
 to start at Scarborough ; he won the Gold cup, 
 value £80, for five years olds 8st. 7lb., and aged, 
 9st., four miles at Richmond, beating Mr. Hut- 
 ton's Silvio, aged, Mr. Dalton's Syren, six years 
 old, Mr. Aislabie's Pompey, five years old, and 
 Mr. Warren's Fearnought, aged ; at starting seven 
 to four on the field, and six to four on Silvio against 
 Dainty Davy ; in running gold to silver, Silvio 
 against Dainty Davy, and even betting in the field. 
 Silvio's jockey, (Charles Dawson) lost his stirrups 
 in running, occasioned by rubbing against a man 
 on horseback ; in the first half mile. Fearnought 
 was thrown down by a man riding against him ; 
 and in the second mile, Pompey met with the 
 same misfortune. Dainty Davy won by about a 
 length and a half. 
 
 In 1763, Dainty Davy received a £5 premium 
 not to start at Hull, and won the Gold cup, value 
 £80, for five years olds, 7st. 1 lib., six years olds, 
 8st. 71b., and aged, 9st., four miles, at Richmond, 
 beating Mr. Mutton's Silvio, aged, Mr. Carr's 
 Negro, five years old, Mr. Stanhope's Blackeyes, 
 five years old, and Sir William Penny man's bay 
 
BRITISH TURF. 485 
 
 mare, by Young Cade, five years old ; at starting, 
 five to four on Dainty Davy. This was the only 
 time of his starting that year, and the last of his 
 running. The different prizes won by Dainty 
 Davy, amounted to the sum of £2,920. Dainty 
 Davy was only beat three times, viz. — in 1756, 
 the first time of his starting, by Mr. Shafto's 
 Tiger, at four heats, at Newcastle; in 1758, by 
 the Duke of Kingston's Miner, &c., at Newmar- 
 ket, in April; and in 1761, by Mr. Mutton's 
 Silvio, at Newcastle. 
 
 Dainty Davy was a stallion, at Raby Castle, 
 in the county of Durham, where he first served 
 mares at 5 gs. and 5s., and afterwards at 10 gs. 
 He was sire of Mr. Brown's Hambletonian, Mr. 
 Yeates's David, Lord Ferrer's Active, Lord Cler- 
 mont's Hercules, Lord Grosvenor's Gilkicker, Mr. 
 Best's Mary Davy, Sir Harry Harper's Pilot, Mr. 
 Duncombe's Pineapple, Mr. Wentworth's Prince 
 William, Mr. Pratt's Privateer, &c. He also got 
 the dam of the Duke of Norfolk's Cumberland 
 and Temperance, the dam of Mr. Baird's Louisa, 
 and the grandam of Mr. Bullock's Toby. 
 
 Lottery. A bay mare, foaled in 1752, bred by 
 the Duke of Ancaster, and sold to Sir Edward 
 O'Brien, Bart., of Ireland. Lottery was got by 
 Blank out of Look-at-me-lads ; she was the first 
 of Blank's get that ever started. 
 
 At Newmarket, in April, 1757, Lottery was 
 second to Lord Godolphin's Weasle for the 
 
486' HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1200 gs., beating six others. At York, in August, 
 she vv^on a sweepstakes of 500 gs., for five years 
 olds, 9st., four miles, beating Mr. Fen wick's Os- 
 mar, Mr. Shafto's Tiger, Mr. Hutton's Bustler, 
 Mr. Curzon's Hyperion, the Duke of Cumberland's 
 Blacklegs, Lord Northumberland's Phaeton, and 
 Mr. Leedes' Whitefoot ; at starting, seven to four 
 and two to one, against Lottery, four to one against 
 Osmar, and the same against Tiger, At Newmar- 
 ket, in April, 1758, she won the King's plate, 
 beating Lord Rockingham's chesnut mare, by Re- 
 gulus ; the Duke of Bridgewater's Miss Lester, by 
 Regulus ; and Mr. Martindale's Miss Layton, by 
 Regulus. They ran the round course in eight 
 minutes and twelve seconds. Lotterv was then 
 sold to Sir Edward O'Brien, who raced her in Ire- 
 land. In September, 1758, Lottery started for 
 the King's plate of 100 gs. for mares, at the Cur- 
 ragh, against Mr. Dogherty's Munster-lass, and 
 Mr. O 'Neil's Rednose. Lottery won the first heat 
 from Rednose ; Munster-lass, the second from Lot- 
 tery ; the third was deemed a dead one between 
 Lottery and Munster-lass, owing to a dispute 
 between the jockies. Lottery was then drawn, 
 and Rednose won the fourth heat, and Munster- 
 lass the fifth. The plate w^as for some time held 
 in dispute, but afterwards given to Mr. Dogherty. 
 In October, Lottery walked over for £50 at Rath- 
 keal. In September, 1759, she won the King's 
 plate for mares, lOst., four mile heats, at the Cur- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 48? 
 
 ragh of Kildare, beating Mr. Knox's Juliet, by 
 Spinner, Mr. Blashford's Nagtail, and Mr. O'Neil's 
 Silverheels. In September, 1760, she won the 
 King's plate for mares, lOst., four mile heats, at 
 the Curragh, beating, at three heats, Mr. For- 
 tesque's Bajazetta, by Bajazet, Mr. Dogherty's 
 Munster-lass, by Hip, &c. ; and in October, at the 
 same place, she won the Freemason's plate of 
 100 gs., four mile heats, beating Mr. Dogherty's 
 Munster-lass, and Mr. Fortesque's Bajazetta. In 
 1761, she won the King's plate for mares, lOst., 
 four mile heats, at the Curragh, beating Mr. For- 
 tesque's Lady Caroline, by Coalition, Colonel 
 Archdale's Mother Jones, and distanced two others. 
 At the same meeting, "she won £50, weight, 8st. 
 lOlb., four mile heats, beating Mr. Mylon's Blos- 
 som, by Young Regulus, Lord Belvedere's 
 Duchess, by Bajazet, and distanced two others ; 
 also £50 at Athlone, beating Mr. Fitzgerald's 
 Jenny Jessamy, and distanced three others. In 
 April, 1762, she won the Jockey Club plate of 
 50 gs., 9st., four mile heats, at the Curragh, beat- 
 ing Mr. ConoUy's Snarley, by Trifle, and distanced 
 Sir Ralph Gore's Spot. In July, she started for 
 the 60 gs. plate at Kilkenny, and won the first 
 heat from Mr. Lambert's Freechaser, and Mr. 
 Bagnell's Babram, but fell lame in running for the 
 second heat, and was obliged to be drawn. In 
 September, she won the King's plate of 100 gs. 
 for mares, lOst., four mile heats, at the Curragh, 
 
488 HISTORY or THE 
 
 beating Colonel Archdale's Mother Jones, Mr. 
 Donnelan's Modesty, Mr. Knox's Diana, &c. In 
 September, 1763, Lottery won the King's plate of 
 100 gs. for mares, lOst., four mile heats, at the 
 Curragh, beating Mr. O'Neil's Lady Catherine — 
 late Mr. Pearson's Flashing Molly — who won the 
 first heat ; but Lottery winning the second, oc- 
 casioned Lady Catherine to be drawn without 
 starting for the third. In April, 1764, she won 
 the annual plate of 30 gs. for mares and geldings, 
 ]Ost. four miles, at the Curragh, beating Mr. Rum- 
 ney's Roger. In May, she started for £50, at 
 Eniiis, county of Clare, against Mr. Hewson's 
 Ranger, when she met with an accident in run- 
 ning and was obliged to be put out of training. 
 
 Lottery only started tvvice besides the above, 
 viz : at the Curragh, in April, 1759, when she was 
 beat at three heats, by Mr. French's Nabob, by 
 Bustard, for a 50 gs. plate ; and at Ennis, in Oc- 
 tober, 1763, by Mr. Lambert's Freemason, by Old 
 England, for a £50 plate. The latter she lost, owing 
 to her falling lame when running for the first heat. 
 
 Lottery became a brood mare in Sir Edward 
 O'Brien's stud. 
 
 Spider. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1752, bred 
 by the Earl of Portmore, and sold to the Duke of 
 Cumberland. Spider was got by Young Cartouch 
 out of Miss Langley. 
 
 At Newmarket, in May, 1756, Spider won the 
 Jockey Club plate of 100 gs. and upwards, for 
 
BRITISH TURF. 489 
 
 four years olds, 8st., R. C, beating the Duke of 
 Ancaster's Villager, by Cade, Lord Oxford's Lu- 
 cifer, by Tartar, and some others ; the great 
 sweepstakes for four years olds, 8st. 71b., four 
 miles, at Huntingdon, beating the Duke of Ancas- 
 ter's Villager, Mr. Curzon's Young Jason, Sir John 
 Moore's Hazard, Mr. Dutton's Nisus, &c. Spider 
 was beat for the King's plate, at Ipswich, by 
 Mr. Meredith's Whittington, owing to his running 
 restive ; but afterwards won £50, for four years 
 olds, 8st. 71b., two mile heats, at Swaffham, beat- 
 ing the same Whittington, &c. In 1757, he won 
 the King's plate for five years olds, 9st., three mile 
 heats, at Burford, beating the Duke of Kingston's 
 Miner, Sir John Moore's Hazard, and Mr. Shirlev's 
 Honesty; £50, for five years olds, 9st., at Hun- 
 tingdon, beating Mr. Meredith's Whittington ;. a 
 sweepstakes for five years olds 8st. 41b., six years 
 olds, 9st. 41b., and aged, lOst., four miles, at Bed- 
 ford, beating Lord Gower's Spectator, aged, and 
 Mr. Vernon's Myrtle, six years old ; the King's 
 plate for five years olds, lOst., two mile heats, 
 at Litchfield, beating Mr. Swinburn's Hambleton, 
 by Snip, Mr. Grisewood's Dumplin, and distanced 
 three others. Also £50 for four years olds, 8st. 
 71b., and five years olds, 9st. 91b., two mile heats, 
 Swaffham, beating the Duke of Cumberland's 
 Beauty, four years old, Mr. Boothby's Partridge, 
 five years old, &c. Spider was sold to the Duke 
 of Cumberland, and at Newmarket, in October, 
 
490 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1758, he received 500 gs. from Lord Rockingham's 
 Weasel. At Newmarket, in April, 1760, he beat 
 the Duke of Kingston's Miner, 9st. each, B. C, 
 500 gs. In 1761, Spider, then Lord Portmore's, 
 won £50, give and take, at Bedford, beating at 
 three heats, Mr. Matthews' Trinissimi, by Car- 
 touch, Mr. Bigland's Sourface, by the Cullen 
 Arabian, Mr. Quick's Esop, by Cade,|and two 
 others. 
 
 1752. March 30th, Mr. Arthur Morrin's bay 
 gelding, Skewball, got by the Godolphin barb, 
 with a weight of 8st. 71b., beat Sir Ralph Gore's 
 grey mare. Miss Sportly, got by Victorious, with 
 a weight of 9st., for 300 gs., four miles, over the 
 Curragh of Kildare, which is celebrated for the 
 elasticity and firmness of its turf, being also the 
 Newmarket of Ireland. Skewball is said to have 
 run the four miles in 7 minutes and 51 seconds. 
 
 1752. April 4th, a little mare, supposed to have 
 been well bred, although her pedigree has not been 
 preserved, belonging to a Mr. Spedding, ran twenty 
 times round the five mile course, at the Curragh, 
 in 124 hours, for 100 gs., h. ft. The time allowed 
 to do it in was 13 hours. 
 
 The next morning, for a wager of 100 gs., she 
 ran the same ground over again to a minute. She 
 was ridden both days by a boy of Lord Antrim's. 
 Mr. Spedding is said to have purchased this mare 
 at the rate of 2d. per lb. weight. 
 
 1752. Sir Charles Turner's leaping match with 
 
BRITISH TURF. 491 
 
 the Earl of March, for 1000 gs., came off towards 
 the end of this year, on Fell, near Richmond, 
 Yorkshire. The conditions of the match were 
 that Sir C. Turner should ride ten miles, within 
 three quarters of an hour, in which he was to take 
 forty leaps, each leap to be one yard, one quarter, 
 and seven inches high. Sir Charles performed it 
 on a galloway, with great ease, in thirty-six 
 minutes. The Earl and Countess of Northumber- 
 land, with many other persons of rank and dis- 
 tinction, are said to have been present on this 
 occasion. 
 
 April 1754, a brown mare, only 13 hands 3 
 inches high, the property of Mr. Daniel Croker, 
 was backed to do 300 miles on Newmarket Heath, 
 in seven tv- two successive hours, which she com- 
 pleted in 64 hours, and 20 minutes. The match 
 was for 100 gs. P. P. 
 
 The mare was rode by one boy, all the way, 
 weight, 4st. lib., exclusively of saddle and bridle. 
 She w^ent backwards and forwards, from the six 
 mile house to the ending post of the B.C. 
 
 It was performed as follows : 
 
 Monday, April 22nd, twenty- four miles, and baited ; twenty- 
 four, and baited ; forty- eight, without baiting. . . . 9(> 
 
 Tuesday, twenty-four miles, and baited ; twenty-four, and 
 baited ; twenty-four, and baited : thirty-six, without bait- 
 ing. lOS 
 
 Wednesday, twenty-four miles, and baited; twenty-four, and 
 
 baited ; and forty-eight, without baiting 96 
 
 Total 300 
 
492 HISTORY OF THK 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 1754 to 1764. — Squirrel — Engineer— Miss Pond's match at New- 
 market, 1000 miles, in 1000 successive hours — King Herod — Mr. 
 Jenison Shafto's match at Newmarket, 50 miles in two hours — 
 Gimcrack — Bay Malton — Mr. John Woodcock's extraordinary per- 
 formance at Newmarket, 100 miles a day, (on any one horse each 
 day,) for 29 successive days, for 2000 gs. 
 
 Squirrel. A bay horse, foaled iQl754, bred 
 by William Cornforth, Esq., of Barforth, Yorkshire, 
 and sold to Jenison Shafto, Esq. Squirrel was 
 got by Traveller, out of Dairymaid. 
 
 At Newmarket, in October 1758, Squirrel won 
 a sweepstakes of 1400 gs. for four years olds 
 colts, 8st. 71b. and fillies, 8st. 41b. B. C, beating 
 Lord Northumberland's Primrose, Mr. Panton's 
 Posthumous, &c. ; and at the same meeting he won 
 a subscription of 120 gs., for four years olds, 8st. 
 71b. B. C, beating Mr. Curron's Kiddleston, by 
 AVhite-nose, the Duke of Ancaster's Handby, by 
 Shepherd's Crab, Lord Gower's Shock, by Shock, 
 Lord Chedworth's Bosphorus, Basset's Dormouse, 
 Lord Northumberland's Perseus, and J^ord Port- 
 more's Rake. At Newmarket in May 1759, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 493 
 
 Squirrel, 8st. 71b., beat Mr. Panton's Mystery, 
 six years olds, 9st. B. C. 300 gs. At Hambleton, 
 in August following, he received forfeit from a 
 horse of Mr. Turner's of the same age, to whom 
 he was to have allowed a stone. He also in Octo- 
 ber, beat the Duke of Cumberland's Spider, aged 
 8st. 71b. each, R. M., 200 gs. At Newmarket in 
 April 1760, Squirrel 9st. 71b. beat the Duke of 
 Cumberland's Dapper, 8st. 71b. B, C. 500 gs. ; 
 and in July, he won the Ladies' plate of £90 for six 
 years olds 8st. 101b. ; and aged 9st. 71b. ; four 
 mile heats, at Huntingdon, beating Mr. George's 
 Juniper, aged, and Mr. Panton's Posthumous, 
 six years old, who was second and drawn. At 
 Newmarket in March 1761, he beat easy Sir 
 James Lowther's Jason, 8st. 71b. each B. C. 
 1000 gs.; he also, in the Second Spring Meeting, 
 stood matched against Sir James Lowther's Ba- 
 bram, at the same weight and course, and for the 
 same sum, but was lamed in the fet-lock joint, be- 
 fore the time of starting, which rendered him in- 
 capable of racing any more. The first time of 
 Squirrel's starting was at Huntingdon, where he 
 was second to Mr. Swinburn's Belford, which 
 was the only time of his being beat, except when 
 he was second to Silvio, at York in 1759; he 
 never paid a forfeit but that to Babram. 
 
 Squirrel then became a favourite stallion, and 
 was the sire of a great many good racers at New- 
 market. He was also sire of an uncommon num- 
 
494 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ber of valuable brood mares, the two most cele- 
 brated of which will appear in the following 
 
 pages. 
 
 The produce of Squirrel won as follows : — 
 
 £ s. 
 
 735 
 
 2,189 15 
 3,166 
 
 5,257 15 
 6,535 5 
 8,640 
 
 3,876 10 
 5,552 
 5,999 5 
 
 4,380 16 
 
 3,949 17 
 
 454 10 
 
 50 
 
 210 
 
 In 1769 
 
 2 Winners won 
 
 1770 
 
 7 
 
 «> 
 
 1771 
 
 17 
 
 >» 
 
 1772 
 
 13 
 
 >> 
 
 1773 
 
 21 
 
 »* 
 
 177^ 
 
 20 
 
 M 
 
 1775 
 
 16 
 
 »> 
 
 1776 
 
 17 
 
 »> 
 
 1777 
 
 21 
 
 »9 
 
 1778 
 
 28 
 
 »> 
 
 1779 
 
 15 
 
 ** 
 
 1780 
 
 4 
 
 »* 
 
 1781 
 
 1 
 
 »* 
 
 1782 
 
 1 
 
 »* 
 
 In 14 yrs. 183 winners won, £56,036 13 
 
 Engineer. A brown horse, foaled in 1755, bred 
 by, and the property of, William Fenton, Esq., of 
 Glass House near Leeds. Engineer was got by 
 Sampson, out of Miner's dam. 
 
 In 1760 Engineer won the maiden plate of £50 
 for ^Ye years olds, 9st. three mile heats at Malton, 
 beating at three heats, Mr. Wentworth's Maid, 
 Mr. Wetty's Skiddy, by Changeling, Mr. Foster's 
 Whisk by Sampson, and Mr. Brandling's Nothing, 
 by Whitenose ; Engineer was rode by William 
 Waugh. He also won the subscription purse of £255 
 for five years olds, 9st. four miles at York, beating 
 
BRITISH TURF. 495 
 
 Mr. Dixon's Panglos, Mr. Naylor's Sally, Mr. War- 
 ren's Fearnought and Sir Richard Grosvenor's Ra- 
 phael ; at starting five to four against Panglos, the 
 same against SaUy,five to one against Engineer, and 
 six to one against Fearnought ; Engineer was rode 
 by W. Waugh. At Newmarket, in March 1761 , he 
 won £50 and upwards, for ^ve years olds, 9st. B. C. 
 beating Mr. Stamford's Chicken by Whittington, 
 and Mr. Duggin's Starling by Whitenose. At 
 Newmarket in October, he won a sweepstakes of 
 £500 each ; h. ft. 8st. 71b. ; B. C. beating Lord 
 Grosvenor's Panglos ; the Duke of Cumberland's 
 Dapper paid forfeit ; Engineer was rode by John 
 Singleton. He also in the same meeting won the 
 King's Plate, beating at three heats Mr. Shafto's 
 Apollo, who got the first heat. At York, in 
 August 1762, Engineer started for the subscription 
 purse for six years olds, and aged horses, where he 
 was beat (for the first time) by Mr. Wentworth's 
 Skipjack, but beat in the same race Mr. Lister's Se- 
 cond, and Mr. Turner's Bachelor; five to one on En- 
 gineer, and seven to one against Skipjack, who was 
 rode by Leonard Jenison, and Engineer by John 
 Lazenby, who was ordered to go away with him, 
 which he did in such a manner, that he tired in the 
 last distance, and gave Skipjack an opportunity of 
 winning, though with difficulty. At York, in 
 1763, he won the subscription purse of £350 for 
 six years olds 8st 71b., and aged 9st. four miles, 
 beating Mr. Shafto's Crimp, 6 years old, Mr. 
 
496 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Hutton's Silvio, aged, Mr. Chaplin's Dizzy, six 
 years old, Mr. Wentworth's Patriot, six years old, 
 Mr. Stanhope's Freeholder, six years old, Mr. 
 Bethell's Babram, aged, the Duke of Cleveland's 
 Miss Lincoln, six years old, Mr. Cunningham's 
 Figure, six years old, Mr. Turner's Bachelor, aged, 
 and Lord Northumberland's Perseus, aged ; two to 
 one against Crimp, four to one against Engineer, 
 and five to one against Silvio. Engineer was rode 
 by John Lazenby ; Crimp by Peter Jackson, and 
 Silvio by Charles Dawson. In 1765, Engineer 
 won £50 weight for age and qualifications, at Scar- 
 borough ; beating at four heats, Mr. Stanhope's 
 Freehold by Regulus, aged, Mr. Hall's Nimrod by 
 Tartar, aged, Mr. Pearson's Smallhopes by Spank- 
 ing Roger, five years old, and Mr. Stapleton's Carl- 
 ton by Regulus, six years old. Freeholder won the 
 first heat from Smallhopes' Nimrod, the second from 
 Smallhopes, Engineer the third from Carlton, and 
 the fourth from Freeholder. He was then put out 
 of training. 
 
 Engineer was only beat five times, viz : — by 
 Skipjack, as stated above ; at Newmarket, in April 
 1763 for the Jockey Club plate, by Mr. Greviile's 
 Dorimond, and Sir John Moore's Well-done bv 
 South, beating Lord Bolingbroke's Horatius, the 
 Duke of Kingston's Trapling, Lord Portmore's 
 Bosphorus, and Mr. Warren's Fearnought; at York, 
 in August 1764, by Beaufremont and Yorkshire 
 Jenny, beating Dorimond, and the Duke's Dumplin; 
 
BRITISH TURF. 497 
 
 (in this race, the Judge could not determine 
 whether Engineer or Elephant was third ;) at New- 
 market, in May 1765, for the Jockey Club plate by 
 Narcissus and Flyfax ; and at York in August fol- 
 lowing, by Antinous, Le Sang, and Tar, beating 
 Rouser and Beaufremont. 
 
 Engineer was a stallion for several years at Mr. 
 Ayrton's farm nearMalton, and afterwards in Lord 
 Rockingham's stud. He was sire of Lord Gros- 
 venor's Mambrino, Mr. Wentworth's Black Tom, 
 Pericus, Royal Oak, and Fearnought, Sir J. L. 
 Kaye's Fireworker, Mr. Ayrton's Archimedes and 
 Spartacus, Mr. Hebden's Perseus, Mr. Robinson's 
 Mars, Mr. Earl's Fortune, Mr. Gee's Chastity, Lord 
 Craven's Mechanic, and several others. He got 
 the dam of Mr. Ayrton's Elfrida, Columbus, Co- 
 lumba, Norah, Patrick, Blemish, Kathleen, Ostrich, 
 Grenadier, &c. Columba was the dam of Mr. 
 Hutchinson's William, Mr. Robinson's Palm- 
 flower, Mark and Blacklegs ; also of Mr. Richard- 
 son's Boxer, Lilly of the Valley, Goliah, &c., and 
 Palm-flower was the dam of Sir H. T. Vane's 
 Cockfighter, and Mr. Richardson's Abraham New- 
 land. He got the dam of Sir John Lister Kaye's 
 Frenzy, Reaper, Zodiac, Gleaner, &c. Frenzy was 
 the dam of Phenomenon, Astonishment, Sir J. L. 
 Kaye's Lucy, and several others. He got the dam 
 of Mr. Vever's Young Moorcock, &c. ; he also 
 got the grandam of Sir F. Standish's Spread Eagle, 
 Didelot, Split Pigeon, Eagle, &c. 
 
 VOL. I. K K 
 
598 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Engineer died the latter end of the year 1782, 
 aged 27. 
 
 In April and May 1758, at Newmarket, Miss 
 Pond, daughter of Mr. Pond, the compiler and 
 pubhsher of the Racing Calendar, bearing his 
 name, rode on horseback 1000 miles in 1000 suc- 
 cessive hours, for a wager of 200 gs. Many have 
 said that this feat was performed on one horse ; and 
 that in a few weeks afterw^ards Mr. Pond rode the 
 same horse 1 000 miles in two thirds of the time ; 
 but we are not inclined to place much reliance on 
 these authorities, 
 
 King Herod. A bay horse foaled in 1758, bred 
 by his Royal Highness WiUiam, Duke of Cumber- 
 land, and sold to Sir John Moore, Bart. King 
 Herod was got by Tartar, out of Cypron. 
 
 At Newmarket, in October 1763, King Herod 
 beat the Duke of Ancaster's Roman by Blank, 8st. 
 71b. B. C. 500 gs. at Newmarket. In April 1764, 
 he won a sweepstakes of 300 gs. each, h. ft. (9 sub- 
 scribers,) 10 St. B. C. beating Sir John Moore's, 
 (afterwards Mr. Wildman's) Tartar by Tartar, out 
 of Miss Meredith ; at starting, two to one on King 
 Herod. At Ascot Heath in June, King Herod, 
 8st. 131b. beat Lord Rockingham's Tom Tinker by 
 Sampson 8st. 71b. four miles 1000 gs.; four to one 
 on King Herod. At Newmarket in October, King 
 Herod, 8st. lUb. Beat the Duke of Grafton's 
 Antinous, 8st. 81b. B. C. 500 gs. ; six to four on 
 Antinous. At Newmarket in May 1765, King 
 
BRITISH TURF. 599 
 
 Herod 9st. beat the Duke of Grafton's Antinous 8st. 
 51b.; B. C. 1000 gs. seven to five on Antinous. In 
 October, at 9st. he was beat by Sir James Low- 
 ther's Ascham, six years old, 8st. B. C. 1000 gs. 
 three to one on King Herod. At the decease 
 of his Royal Highness, King Herod was purchased 
 by Sir John Moore, and in April 1766 at 9st. he 
 was beat by Lord Bolingbroke's Turf, five years 
 old, 8st. 81b.; B. C. 1000 gs. ; at starting, seven 
 to four on King Herod. At York, in August, he 
 started for the subscription purse against Bay Mal- 
 ton. Jerkin Royal, George Fly fax, and Beaufre- 
 mont ; but a blood vessel burst in King Herod's 
 head when running the last mile, which caused 
 him to be taken dangerously ill, and prevented 
 his coming in a better place than last. At New- 
 market, in April 1767, King Herod ran second to 
 Bay Malton, beating Turf and Ascham ; and in 
 May at 5st. 71b. he beat Mr. Shafto's Ascham 6st., 
 B. C. 1000 gs. ; six to four on Ascham. The above 
 were the only times of King Herod's running. 
 
 King Herod was a remarkably fine horse, with 
 uncommon power, and allowed to be one of the 
 best bred horses this kingdom ever produced, and 
 as a stallion, inferior to none, being sire of a 
 larger number of racers, stallions and brood 
 mares, than any other horse, either before or since 
 his time. 
 
 The produce by King Herod won as follows, 
 viz : — 
 
 K K 2 
 
500 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 
 
 
 £. s- 
 
 In 1771 
 
 1 
 
 winner won 
 
 525 8 
 
 1772 
 
 4 
 
 winners won 
 
 3,890 10 
 
 1773 
 
 17 
 
 » 
 
 6,680 10 
 
 1774 
 
 23 
 
 j> 
 
 10,206 6 
 
 1775 
 
 17 
 
 >» 
 
 7,744 
 
 1776 
 
 19 
 
 , 
 
 9,172 6 
 
 1777 
 
 35 
 
 « 
 
 15,773 14 
 
 1778 
 
 45 
 
 »* 
 
 23,046 5 
 
 1779 
 
 50 
 
 > 
 
 21, 396 2 
 
 1780 
 
 55 
 
 >* 
 
 20,008 15 
 
 1781 
 
 53 
 
 »> 
 
 21,087 10 
 
 1782 
 
 50 
 
 
 18,605 18 
 
 1783 
 
 47 
 
 $» 
 
 15,629 1 
 
 1784 
 
 34 
 
 » 
 
 15,998 2 
 
 1785 
 
 27 
 
 9* 
 
 9,224 5 
 
 1786 
 
 11 
 
 i» 
 
 1,777 5 
 
 1787 
 
 6 
 
 » 
 
 514 
 
 1788 
 
 1 
 
 »» 
 
 105 
 
 1789 
 
 2 
 
 » 
 
 121 
 
 In 19 years. 497, 
 
 £201,505 9 
 
 Besides the above sums : — 
 
 In 1774 at Newmarket, six hogsheads of claret by Telemachus. 
 
 1778 at Newmarket, 14 hogsheads of claret by Bordeaux, and 2 by 
 Laburnum, the second horse. 
 
 1779 at Newmarket, 6 hogsheads of claret by Sting. 
 
 1780 at Newmarket, 9 hogsheads of Claret by Buccaneer. 
 
 1781 at Ne^vmarket, the Clermont Cup by Wood-pecker. 
 
 1782 at Newmarket, the whip by Anvil. 
 
 1784 at Newmarket, 5 hogsheads of claret by Gonzales, and 2 by 
 
 Balance the second horse. 
 1786 at Salisbury, the city Silver bowl by Challenger. 
 
 The following, besides a great many others, were 
 got by King Herod, viz : — 
 
 Adamant. Fortitude. Postmaster. 
 
 Adrastus. Frigate. Posthumous. 
 

 BRITISH TURF. 
 
 
 Aladin. 
 
 Glancer. 
 
 Prince. 
 
 Alamahataraaha 
 
 Gnatcatcher. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand 
 
 Alexis. 
 
 Golden Dun. 
 
 Prince Herod. 
 
 Antagonist. 
 
 Greylegs. 
 
 Prospects. 
 
 Antipas. 
 
 Guido. 
 
 Punch. 
 
 Anvil. 
 
 Guilford. 
 
 Quicksand, 
 
 Argos. 
 
 Hammer. 
 
 Ranger. 
 
 Ascot, 
 
 Herodotus 
 
 Rammer. 
 
 Ashton. 
 
 Heron. 
 
 Rantipole. 
 
 Athenais. 
 
 Highflyer. 
 
 Rebel. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 Hudibras 
 
 RoseUa. 
 
 Bosto, 
 
 Ilmio. 
 
 Rosemary. 
 
 Bordeaux. 
 
 Justice. 
 
 Robe. 
 
 Boxer. 
 
 King William. 
 
 Signor. 
 
 Budget. 
 
 Langham. 
 
 Slender. 
 
 Brimstone. 
 
 Latona. 
 
 Snake. 
 
 Buccaneer. 
 
 Laburnum, 
 
 Spectre. 
 
 Calash. 
 
 Uncham. 
 
 Spider. 
 
 Cashkeeper. 
 
 Maid of the Oaks. 
 
 Sting. 
 
 Cecilia. 
 
 Maria. 
 
 Suffolk. 
 
 Chalkstone. 
 
 Minion. 
 
 Telemachus. 
 
 Challenger. 
 
 Mistly, 
 
 Thonville, 
 
 Chequino. 
 
 Mark. 
 
 Torrent, 
 
 Claudon. 
 
 Mortonia. 
 
 Trinidado. 
 
 Dancer. 
 
 Orange. 
 
 Trotter. 
 
 Drone. 
 
 Peggy. 
 
 True-blue. 
 
 Epaminondas. 
 
 Perdita, 
 
 Tuberose. 
 
 Epsom. 
 
 Peru. 
 
 Vengeance. 
 
 Evergreen. 
 
 Phenomenon. 
 
 Weasel. 
 
 Faith Lord Grosvenor's Philodor. 
 
 Wickham. 
 
 Flash. 
 
 Plunder. 
 
 Whipcord. 
 
 Florizel. 
 
 Pomona. 
 
 Woodpecker. 
 
 501 
 
 King Herod also got the dams of the following, 
 
 VIZ. : 
 
 Acasa. 
 
 Garland. 
 
 Sandhopper, 
 
 Adonis, 
 
 Garswood. 
 
 Scota 
 
 Amator. 
 
 Gohanna. 
 
 Sergeant. 
 
 Aimwell. 
 
 Grey Trentham. 
 
 Shipton. 
 
502 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 
 Ambush. 
 
 Grey Pantaloon. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Aston. 
 
 Gustavus. 
 
 Sir Edward. 
 
 Augusta. 
 
 Halbert. 
 
 Smoker. 
 
 Benningborough, 
 
 Hardwick. 
 
 Sober Robin. 
 
 Calomel, 
 
 Imperator. 
 
 Spear. 
 
 Caustic. 
 
 Jemima. 
 
 Storace. 
 
 Chaunter. 
 
 Jonah. 
 
 Symmetry, Mr. 
 
 Cinnabar. 
 
 Kareunhappuck. 
 
 Dodsworths. 
 
 Confederate. 
 
 Knowsley. 
 
 Ticket. 
 
 Contessina. 
 
 Miseltoe. 
 
 Tickle Toby. 
 
 Coriander. 
 
 Old Gold. 
 
 Waxy. 
 
 Dandelion. 
 
 Overton. 
 
 "Whiskey. 
 
 .Deceit. 
 
 Paragon. 
 
 Worthy. 
 
 Dolphin. 
 
 Precipitate 
 
 Yellow Mare. 
 
 Dungannon. 
 
 Recovery. 
 
 Young Tuberose 
 
 Fox. 
 
 Rosemond. 
 
 Zachariah, &c. 
 
 King Herod was a stallion, at Neather Hall, 
 near Bury, Suffolk, and in 1768 he covered at 
 10 gs. and 55., but in 1774 he was advanced to 
 25 gs. and lOs., at which price he continued till 
 his death, which happened on the 12th of May, 
 1780, in the 22nd year of his age. 
 
 Jane 27, 1759, Jenison Shafto, Esq., performed 
 a match against time on Newmarket heath ; the 
 conditions of which were, he was to ride fifty miles, 
 — having as many horses as he pleased — in two suc- 
 cessive hours. This he accomplished in Ih. 49m. 
 17sec., with ten horses, viz : — 
 
 1. Merry Bachelor, by Tartar. 
 
 2. Wildair, by Cade.damby Steady. 
 
 3. Juggler, by Rib, dam, sister to Regulus. 
 
 4. Forrester, by Croft's Forrester, dam by Lusby. 
 
 5. Rover, by Bolton's brother. 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 3 
 
 4 
 
BRITISH TURF. 503 
 
 6. Jack O'Newbury, by Babraham, dam by Lord Halifax's 
 
 Justice. . . . . . . ' . 4 
 
 7. Adolphus, by Regulus, out of Miss Layton, Lodge's roan 
 
 mare. . . .... 3 
 
 8. Jessamy, by Hutton's Spot, out of Bay Brocklesby, . 3 
 
 9. Prince T. Quassaw, by Snip out of Dairy Maid. . . 3 
 Merry Bachelor, Second time. . . , .3 
 Wildair, « . . . . .3 
 Juggler, „ . . . . .3 
 Rover, „ .... 3 
 
 10. Hambleton, by Swiss. . . , . ,3 
 
 Adolphus, second time. . . . . . 3^ 
 
 Total. 50^ 
 
 GiMCRACK. A grey horse bred by Gideon Elliott, 
 Esq., of Murrell Green, Hampshire, in 1760, sold to 
 Mr. Green, and was afterwards the various pro- 
 perty of Mr. Wildman, Lord Bolingbroke, Count 
 Lauraguais, Sir G. Bunbury and Lord Grosvenor. 
 Gimcrack was got by Cripple, his dam by Mr. 
 Grisewood's Partner, grandam, (bred by Mr. 
 Crofts) , by Partner, great grandam by the stallion 
 Bloody Buttocks, out of a daughter of Old Grey- 
 hound, out of Brokesby Betty. 
 
 At Epsom, May 31, 1764, Gimcrack won £50, 
 for four years olds, 8st. 71b., beating Mr. Everett's 
 Antelope, Mr. Aldridge's Britannicus, and dis- 
 tancing three others ; at starting, Britannicus the 
 favourite. At Guildford, June i5th, he won £50, 
 weight for age, four mile heats, beating Mr. Blake's 
 Hazard by Oronooko, five years old, Mr. Tate's 
 Punch, by Snap, six years old, and Mr. Hawes' 
 Lass of the Mill, four years old. At Winchester, 
 
504 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 July 12, he won £50, for four years old, 8st. 71b., 
 beating Lord Castlehaven's Sappho, who was 
 drawn after the first heat. At Bedford, August 7, 
 he won £50, give and take, beating Mr. Vernon's 
 Rose, by South, four years old ; Rose won the first 
 heat and Gimcrack the second, after which Rose 
 was drawn. At Barnet, August 14, he won £50, 
 give and take, carrying 6st. 71b. 4oz., beating Mr. 
 Stoke's Lily, by Dormouse, six years old, 8st. 
 121b., and Mr. Castle's Ladies Pad, aged 8st. 81b. 
 4oz., Sir C. Eversfeld's Matilda, five years old, 8st. 
 51b. 14oz. and Mr. Carter's Young Driver, six 
 years old, 9st. 4oz. At Reading, August 28, he 
 won £50, for four years old colts, 8st. 71b., and 
 fillies 8st. 41b., beating Mr. Hawes' Ladythigh, by 
 Merlin, Lord Castlehaven's Sappho and Lord Port- 
 more's Brown Surrey ; and at Burford, September 
 5, he won £50 for four years olds, 8st. 111b. beat- 
 ing Sir. J. Dashwood's Merlitina, by Merlin, &c., 
 which was the seventh time of his winning, and 
 only times of his starting that year. Gimcrack was 
 now sold to Mr. Wildman, and at Newmarket First 
 Spring Meeting 1765, he won £50 for horses rising, 
 five years old, 8st. 71b., R. C, beating Mr. Ver- 
 non's Prophet, Sir J. Lowther's Treasurer, and 
 Sir John Moore's South West. 
 
 Gimcrack was then sold to Lord Bolingbroke, and 
 in the same meeting at 8st., he received 250 gs. 
 forfeit from the Duke of Cumberland's Selim, 7st, 
 21b., B. C. In the Second Spring Meeting, Gim- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 505 
 
 crack 7st. 41b., beat Mr. Panton's Rocket, aged 
 8st. 71b., B. C, 1000 gs. ; at starting six to four 
 on Rocket. At Newmarket, in July, he beat Sir 
 J. Lowther's Ascham, six years old, 7st. 101b. 
 each B. C. 1000 gs.; at starting five to four on 
 Gim crack. At Newmarket, he w^as beat (for the 
 first time), by Bay Malton, allowing him 71b. In 
 the Second October Meeting Gimcrack, 8st., beat 
 the Duke of Cumberland's Drone, four years old, 
 6st., 71b., B. C., 500 gs.; at starting three to one 
 on Gimcrack. 
 
 He was sold to Count Lauraguais, and in 1766 
 Gimcrack ran a match in France of twenty two 
 miles and a half, within the hour, for a very con- 
 siderable sum ; after which he was brought into 
 England. At Newmarket, in April 1767, Gim- 
 crack was second to the Duke of Kingston's Ty- 
 rant, for £50, beating Commodore, Bean, Virago, 
 Flyfax, Fop, South East, Bounce, and Cripple. 
 At Wisbeach, June 5, he won £50, give and take, 
 carrying 9st. lib. 12oz., beating at three heats, 
 Mr. Wensley's Cub, six years old, 9st., lib. 12oz., 
 and Mr. Blank's Trifle. At Ascot Heath, June 25, 
 he won £50, give and take, beating at three heats, 
 Mr. Croscer's Scrip, aged, Lord Orford's Mile, 
 five years old, and two others. At Marlborough, 
 July 1, he won £50, for aged horses, 8st. 71b., 
 beating Mr. Bell's Sehm, by Bajazet, and Mr. 
 Quick's General ; six to four on Gimcrack. At 
 Wells, July 30, he won £50, give and take, beat- 
 ing Mr. Beckford's Damon, and distanced two 
 
506 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Others. At Epsom, May 13, 1768, he won £50, 
 give and take, beating Mr. Merrot's Sloven, aged, 
 Mr. Quick's Droll, six years old, and Mr. Strode's 
 Ladythigh. At Ascot Heath, June 7, he won £50, 
 for six years olds, beating Mr. Meadley's Nabob, 
 six years old, and Mr. Larkins' Sloven, six years 
 old ; at starting five to four on Nabob. At Salis- 
 bury, June 30, he won the City Silver bowl, with 
 30 gs. added, lOst., beating Mr. Bevis's Selim, by 
 Bajazet, aged, Mr. Strode's Leopardess, aged, and 
 Mr. Adam's Gift, aged. 
 
 Gimcrack was next sold to Sir Charles Bunbury, 
 and at Odsey, November 1 , he won £50, for five 
 years olds, 8st., six years olds, 8st. 101b., and aged 
 9st. 41b., beating at three heats, Mr. EUis's Spot, 
 aged, Mr. Merrot's Juliet, five years old, Lord Farn- 
 ham's Amazon, five years old, Mr. Strode's Lady- 
 thigh, five years old, Mr. M'Anella's Barleycorn, 
 five years old, &c. At Newmarket, March 13, 1769, 
 Gimcrack, 9st., won a sweepstakes of 50 gs. each, 
 D. C, beating Mr. Vernon's Hermione, five years 
 old, 7st. 91b., and Lord Farnham's Amazon, five 
 years old, 7st. 61b. March 27, he won £50, for 
 six years olds, 8st. 71b., and aged, 9st., R. C, 
 beating Lord Grosvenor's Cardinal Puff, aged. 
 Lord Rockingham's Bay Malton, aged, Mr. Shaf- 
 to's Hemp, six years old, Mr. Pratt's Phoenix, six 
 years old, the Duke of Grafton's Bashful, six 
 years old. Lord Farnham's Admiral, aged, Mr. 
 Blake's Presto, five years old, Mr. Vernon's Chal- 
 font, five years old, and Mr. Cross's Toper, aged. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 507 
 
 After this, Gimcrack was sold to Lord Gros- 
 venor for 1200 gs., and it was said that a pre- 
 mium of 500 gs. was immediately offered for him. 
 March 29th, Gimcrack, 9st., beat Mr. Vernon's 
 Baber, four years old, 7st. 41b., B. C., 300 gs. ; 
 April 17th, Gimcrack, 9st., beat Lord Rocking- 
 ham's Jack-0 !, 4 years old, 7st., B. C., 300 gs.; 
 seven to four, on Gimcrack, At Newmarket, 
 in April, 1770, he beat Lord Rockingham's Pil- 
 grim, lOst. each, B. C., for 200 gs. and the whip ; 
 at starting, five to two on Gimcrack. At New- 
 market, in April, 1771, he won £50, for six years 
 olds, 8st. 71b., and aged, 9st., R. C., beating Sir 
 C. Bunbury's Bellario, aged, Lord March's Sports- 
 man, five years old. Lord Bolingbroke's Chalfont, 
 aged, Lord Oxford's Hemp, aged, Mr. Went- 
 worth's Myrmidon, six years old. Lord Farnham's 
 Guardian, six years old, Mr. Cox's Tetotum, six 
 years old, and Lord Rockingham's Tantrum, 
 aged ; at starting, two to one against Bellario, and 
 six and seven to one against Gimcrack. This was 
 the last time of his running. 
 
 Gimcrack was beaten ten times, viz : at New- 
 market, in 1765, by Bay Malton ; at Newmarket, 
 in 1767, by Tyrant ; at Wantage, same year, by 
 Mr. Brenton's Otterley, &c. ; and at Odsey, by 
 Tortoise, beating Favorite, Coriolanus, &c. ; at 
 York, in 1768, by Pilgrim, Chatsworth, Tortoise, 
 and Beaufremont ; and at Newmarket, in October 
 following, by Guardian and Icarius ; at Newmar- 
 
508 HISTORY OK THE 
 
 kct, in April, 1769, by Cosmo; at York, in Au- 
 gust, by Chatsworth and Tortoise, beating Mor- 
 wick Ball, Bay Malton, and Allfours ; at New- 
 market, in May, 1770, by Bellario, Nabob, Bashful, 
 and Snipe ; also at Newmarket, in October follow- 
 ing, by Bellario and Petruchio, beating Chalfont, 
 Fabius, and Pactolus. 
 
 Gimcrack measured about 14 hands J of an 
 inch. He was a stallion at Oxcroft Farm, near 
 Newmarket, in 1772, at 25 gs. and 5^. ; in 1773, 
 he was stinted to thirty mares, at 30 gs. each, 
 and 55. ; in 1775-76, at 30 gs. and 5s. ; in 1777, 
 at 25 gs. and 5^. ; in 1778, at 20 gs. and 5s. ; and 
 in 1779, at 10 gs. and 7s. 6d. He was sire of 
 Lord Grosvenor's Little Jim, Grey Robin, Scram- 
 ble, and Jemima ; of Sir C. Bunbury's Knick- 
 knack and Comedy; of Lord E. Bentinck's Vestris; 
 of Mr. Peerse's Phaeton, Sir. H. Harper's Maiden, 
 Sir J. Lade's Medley, Sir H. Featherstone's Sur- 
 prise, &c. He served but few mares. / 
 
 Bay Malton. A bay horse, foaled in 1760, 
 bred by Mrs. Ayrton, of Malton, and sold to the 
 Marquis of Rockingham. Bay Malton was got 
 by Sampson, his dam, own sister to Leonida, 
 Cade,=^ out of the Lass of the Mill. Bay Mai- 
 
 * The Cade mare, dam of Bay Malton, was lent by Mr. Fenton to 
 his daughter, Mrs. Ayrton, at the wedding dinner, for one year; when 
 she was at the same time requested by Mr. Preston, who was one of 
 the company at dinner, to send the mare to his horse, Sampson, the 
 produce of which was Bay Malton, her first foal, and who was the 
 only horse of note that could race, except Treasurer, although she 
 
BRITISH TURF. 509 
 
 ton was own brother to Mr. Fenton's, (afterwards 
 Mr. Vernon's) Treasurer. 
 
 At Ma] ton, in May, 1764, Bay Malton, in Mr. 
 Fenton's name, won a sw^eepstakes of 160 gs., for 
 four years olds, 8st. 71b., three miles, beating Mr. 
 Thompson's grey colt, Snap, by Snap, who threw 
 his rider. He w^as sold to Lord Rockingham, and 
 at Newmarket, in April, 1765, he won a sweep- 
 stakes of 500 gs. each, 8st. 71b., B. C, beating 
 Mr. Shafto's dies, colt, by Shepherd's Crab, and 
 the Duke of Cumberland's Selim ; at starting, 
 five to four on Bay Malton. He also received a 
 forfeit from the Duke of Cumberland's Admiral. 
 At Newmarket, in October, Bay Malton, 7st., 
 beat, very easy. Lord Bolingbroke's Gimcrack, 
 7st. 71b., B. C, 500 gs. At starting, four to five 
 on Gimcrack, who was thought at that time to be 
 the best racer at Newmarket, and it was said that 
 Lord Rockingham won 9000 gs. on the event of 
 the race. He also received a forfeit from the 
 Dake of Cumberland's Gift. At Newmarket, in 
 April, 1766, he beat Mr. Vernon's Otho, 8st. 71b., 
 B. C, 1000 gs. ; at starting, eleven to ten on 
 Bay Malton ; over the flat, three to one on Otho ; 
 notwithstanding, Bay Malton won easy. 
 
 At York, in August, he won the subscription 
 
 bred several others to Sampson, Shakspeare, Engineer, &c. Bay 
 Malton's dam was also the grandam of Sir J. L. Kaye's Princess 
 by Match'em, and grandam of his Engineer mare, that bred Frenzy 
 by Eclipse, the dam of Phenomenon, Astonishment, &c. 
 
510 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 purse of £281, for six years olds, 8st. 71b., and 
 aged, four miles, beating Mr. Vernon's Jerkin, 
 six years old ; Mr. Coulson's Royal George, six 
 years old, Mr. Shafto's Flyfax, six years old, Mr. 
 Stapleton's Beaufremont, aged, and Sir John 
 Moore's King Herod, aged ; at starting, seven to 
 four, and two to one, against Bay Malton, seven 
 to two against Jerkin, three to one against Royal 
 George, the same against King Herod, and ten 
 to one against Beaufremont and Flyfax ; an ex- 
 ceeding fine heat, and most severely contested by 
 the first three for the whole four miles, and won 
 by about a length. Bay Malton ran the four miles 
 in 7 minutes and 43 1 seconds, which was 7^^ 
 seconds less time than ever the course was run 
 before. "^ Bay Malton was rode by John Singleton, 
 
 * At the York August Meeting, 1766, the North country gentle- 
 men beat those of the South, which showed the superiority of the 
 breed of horses of the north. There was excellent sport each day, 
 fine weather, and a numerous and brilliant appearance of nobility and 
 gentry, viz : — H.R.H. the Duke of York, the Marquis and Mar- 
 chioness of Rockingham, the Earls of Albemarle, Carlisle, Courte- 
 ney, Elgin, Fitzwilliam, Fingal, and Countesses Hereford, March, 
 Mexborough, Ossory and Scarborough, Lords Viscount Bolingbroke 
 and Downe, Lord Farnham, Baron Perrot, Hon. L S. Barry, Hon. 
 A. Barry, Hon. Miss Bowery, Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Dawney, Hon. Mr. 
 Egerton, Hon. Mr. and Lady Bridget Lane, Hon. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Langdale, Hon. Messrs. and Miss Robinsons, Hon. Mr. Vane, Sir 
 George and Lady Armytage, Sir William and Lady Anderson, Sir 
 Griffith and Lady Boynton, Sir Charles Bunbury, Lady C. Bellasyse, 
 Lady Binglej'', Lady Buncombe, Sir Lawrence and Lady Dundas, 
 Mr. T and Lady C. Dundas, Sir John Eden, Sir Thomas Gascoigne, 
 Sir Billingham Graham, Lord Archibald and Lady Hamilton, Sir 
 
BRITISH TURK. 511 
 
 Jerkin by John Watson, and Royal George by 
 John Kirton. 
 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, in April, 
 1767, Bay Malton won a sweepstakes of 500 gs. 
 each, 8st. 71b. each, B. C, beating Sir John 
 Moore's King Herod, Lord Bolingbroke's Turf, 
 and Mr. Shafto's Ascham , at starting, six to 
 four against Turf, seven to four against Bay 
 Malton, four to one against Ascham, and five to 
 one against King Herod. Very large sums were 
 depending, and Lord Rockingham posted them, 
 and won 500 gs. to 20. This race brought to- 
 gether a greater number of noblemen, gentlemen, 
 
 Robert Hildyard, Sir John Lister Kaye, Sir Henry Lawson, Sir John 
 Lindsey, Sir Francis MoUineux, Sir Wilham and Lady Milner, Sir 
 George Montgomery Metham, Sir Frank Standish, Sir Edward and 
 Lady Swinburn, Lady Stanhope, Lady Steward, Lady Ehzabeth Stew- 
 ard, Lady Ann Saltmarsh, Sir Walter Vavasour, Sir Rowland and 
 Lady Winn, Sir W. W. Wynn, Sir John \\Tiitford, Sir Cecil and Lady 
 Wray, Lady dowager Wray, Lady Webb, General and Lady Honey- 
 wood, General Lascelles, General Standford, Colonel St. John, Colo- 
 nel Beckwith, Major Mordaunt, Major Conway, Messrs. Ayrton, 
 Barlow, Bertie, Cholmley, Constable, Cornforth, Craddock, Crofts, 
 Crowle, Buncombe, Dixon, Dodsworth, Earl, Errington, Fane, Far- 
 rar, Fenton, Fenwick, Hanger, Hartley, Harvey, Hassell, Hebden, 
 Hussey, Hutton, Lascelles, Leedes, Mariott, Maynard, Metcalf, Mey- 
 nell, Milbanke, Ottey, Pratt, Panton, Parker, Pelham, Pennyman 
 Pigott, Presston, RadclifF, Ramsden, Riddell, Scroope, J. Shafto, 
 Sotheron, Stapleton, Swinburn, Temple, L. Thompson, R. Thompson, 
 Thourton, C. Turner, Vernon, P. Wentworth, Wastel, Weddel, Wed- 
 derburn, Willoughby, Wrightson, &c. There were 569 subscribers 
 to the assembly rooms, which was the largest number either before or 
 since that time. This brilliant list of rank and fashion shows how 
 racing flourished at this period. 
 
512 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 sportsmen, and more people of all ranks, from 
 every part of the kingdom, than were ever seen 
 before at Newmarket ; and those from Yorkshire 
 backed Bay Malton freely, and won thousands.^ 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting 1768, Bay 
 Malton beat easv Lord Grosvenor's Cardinal Puff, 
 lOst. each, B. C, 200 gs. each, and the whip; 
 at starting, five to one on Bay Malton. In the 
 Second Spring Meeting, he won the Jockey Club 
 plate of 100 gs. and upwards, 9st., B. C, beating 
 Sir James Lowther's Ascham, who made the play 
 over the flat, and as far as the Duke's stand, and 
 was, till then, thought the winning horse, but Bay 
 Malton took the lead, and won by a length and a 
 half. It was the opinion of some that Bay Mal- 
 ton won easily, and of others, with difficulty ; 
 but it is to be observed that Ascham was much 
 whipped, and Bay Malton scarcely threatened. 
 At starting, five to one on Bay Malton. At New- 
 market First Spring Meeting, 1769, Bay Malton 
 was beat for a £50 plate by Gimcrack and Car- 
 dinal PufF, but beat, in the same race. Hemp, 
 Phoenix, Bashful, Admiral Presto, Chalfont, and 
 Toper. This was the last time of his running, ex- 
 cept at York, in August following, when he was 
 
 * The Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 1767, was a golden har- 
 vest for the Yorkshire gentlemen, as the following horses proved suc- 
 cessful, viz : Lord Rockingham's Pilgrim, Steady, Godolphin, Hun- 
 ter colt, against Otho, Mr. Pratt's A-la-Grecque, Mr. Wentworth's 
 Chatsworth, Mr. Shafto's, late Mr. Pratt's, Petruchio, and Mr. Ver- 
 non's, late Mr. Fenwick's, Dux. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 513 
 
 beat by Chatsworth, Tortoise, Gimcrack, and 
 Morwick Ball. These were the only times of his 
 proving unsuccessful. 
 
 Bay Malton was ridden for all the above engage- 
 ments by Mr. John Singleton, except at Malton, 
 and the match against Gimcrack, at Newmarket, 
 in October, 1765. 
 
 Bay Malton was a private stallion in Lord 
 Rockingham's stud, and was sire of Mr. Preston's 
 Flaunter, &c. He died at Wentworth, in the 
 year 1786, aged twenty-six. 
 
 In 1761, a match was made between Jenison 
 Shafto and HugoMeynell, Esqs., for 2000 gs., Mr. 
 Shafto to find a person to ride 100 miles a-day, 
 on any one horse each day, for twenty-nine suc- 
 cessive days, to have any number of horses not 
 exceeding twenty-nine. The person chosen by 
 Mr. Shafto was Mr. John Woodcock, who started 
 on Newmarket Heath, May 4th, 1761, at one 
 o'clock in the morning, and finished his arduous 
 task on the 1st of June, about six in the even- 
 ing, having used fourteen horses only, viz : — 
 
 Mr. Shafto's b. h. once. Lord Montford's b. h. twice. 
 
 Lord Chedworth's ch. m. thrice. Mr. Surrecolt's ch. h. once. 
 
 Capt. Winyard's ch. h. twice. Mr. Shafto's roan h. twice. 
 
 Mr. Thistlewaite's gr. h. thrice. Mr. Calcroft's ch. h. once. 
 
 Mr. Wildman's bl. m. thrice. Mr. Rudd's ch. m. once. 
 
 Mr. Woodcock's b. ra thrice. Mr. Welch's b. h. thrice. 
 
 Mr. Scott's b. m. twice. Mr. Major's b. m. thrice. 
 
 Mr. Major's mare did not begin one day till ten 
 o'clock, Mr. Woodcock having failed to bring in 
 
 VOL. I. L L 
 
514 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 a horse called Quidnunc, after it had done sixty- 
 miles by nine o'clock, and then tired ; so that 
 he rode one hundred and sixty miles that day, 
 finishing at about eleven o'clock at night, which 
 was the latest hour during the whole performance. 
 This undertaking must have been much more diffi- 
 cult for the rider than for the horses. The course 
 was from Hare park to the ditch, making three 
 miles ; thence he went a three mile course round 
 the flat, on that side the ditch next Newmarket. 
 Posts and lamps were put up, as Mr. Woodcock 
 chose to start very early in the mornings, to avoid 
 the heat of the day. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 515 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 The celebrated race-horse, Echpse. 
 
 Eclipse was a chesnut horse, foaled during the 
 great echpse that happened in the year 1764, 
 from which he took his name. He was bred by 
 H.R.H. William, Duke of Cumberland, and pur- 
 chased after His Royal Highness 's decease, by Mr. 
 William Wildman,^ who afterwards sold liim to 
 Dennis O 'Kelly, Esq. Eclipse was got by Marske 
 out of Spiletta. 
 
 At Epsom, May 3rd, 1769, Eclipse (the first 
 time of his starting) won £50, for horses that 
 never won £30, matches excepted ; five years old, 
 8st., and six years old, 9st. 31b., four mile heats ; 
 beating Mr. Fortesque's Gower, by Sweepstakes, 
 
 * Mr. Wildman was a salesman at Smithfield, and kept for many- 
 years a good stud of race-horses at Mickleham, near Epsom, where 
 he also took in horses to train. Having received a hint of the supe- 
 riority of this horse, he attended the sale ; but before his arrival, the 
 colt had been knocked down at seventy guineas. On looking at his 
 watch, and perceiving that the appointed hour of sale had not yet ar- 
 rived by a few minutes, according to the terms of the advertisement, 
 he persisted that the sale was not lawful, and that the lots knocked 
 dovm. should be resold, which was done accordingly, and Eclipse was 
 purchased by him for seventy-five guineas. 
 
 L L 2 
 
516 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 five years old ; Mr. Castle's Cade, by Young 
 Cade, six years old ; Mr. Jenning's Trial, by 
 Blank, five years old; and Mr. Quick's Plume, 
 by Feather, five years old. At starting, four to 
 one on Eclipse ; and what is remarkable, though 
 the horses were all together at the three mile post, 
 in the second heat, Eclipse there, from the flourish 
 of the whip, made running, and though he was 
 pulled for the whole of the last mile with all the 
 strength that his rider, John Oakley, was master 
 of, he distanced all the four. Mr. O 'Kelly sported 
 much money on this race. Some time previous 
 he had taken the odds to a very large amount, and 
 on the day of running he bet even money, and 
 five and six to four, that he posted all the horses, 
 and when called on to declare, he said, ** Eclipse 
 first, and the rest in no place." 
 
 At Ascot Heath, May 29th, Eclipse won £50 
 of five years olds, 9st. 31b., two mile heats, beat- 
 ing Mr. Fettyplace's Creme de Barbade, by Snap ; 
 eight to one on Eclipse. At Winchester, June 
 13th, he won the King's plate for six years 
 olds, 12st., though only five years old, beating 
 Mr. Turner's Slouch, by Blank, who had won, 
 the same year, the King's plate at Guilford ; 
 the Duke of Grafton's Chigger, by Slouch ; Mr. 
 Gott's Juba, by Regulus ; and distanced, the first 
 heat, Mr. O 'Kelly's Caliban, by Brilliant ; and 
 Mr. Bailey's Clanville. Five to four against 
 Eclipse, two and three to one against Caliban, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 517 
 
 and five to one against Slouch ; after the heat, 
 ten to one on EcHpse. On the 15th, same place, 
 he walked over for £50, weight for age. At 
 SaUsbury, June 28th, he walked over for the 
 King's plate, for six years olds, 12st. And 
 on the next day, he won the City silver bowl, 
 with 30 gs. added, free for any horse, lOst., 
 beating Mr. Fettyplace's Sulphur, aged ; and Mr. 
 Taylor's Forrester, six years old, who were dis- 
 tanced the first heat ; ten to one on Eclipse. At 
 Canterbury, July 25th, he walked over for the 
 King's plate for six years olds, 12st. At Lewes, 
 July 27th, he won the King's plate for six years 
 olds, 12st., beating Mr. Strode's Kingston, by 
 Sampson, who won the £50, the day following ; 
 ten to one on Eclipse. At Litchfield, Septem- 
 ber 19th, he won the King's plate for five years 
 olds, 8st. 71b., three mile heats, beating Mr. 
 Freeth's Tardy, by Matchless ; twenty to one on 
 Eclipse. 
 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, Tuesday, 
 April 17th, 1770, Eclipse beat Mr. Wentworth's 
 Bucephalus, by Regulus, same age, 8st. 71b. each, 
 B. C. Mr. Wildman staked 600 gs. to 400 gs. ; 
 six to four on Eclipse. On Thursday, April 19th, 
 Eclipse, then Mr. O'Kelly's, won the King's plate, 
 12st., heats, R. C, beating Mr. Strode's Pen- 
 sioner, by Matchless, who was third and distanced ; 
 Mr. Fenwick's, late Mr. Bland's, Diana was se- 
 cond, and the Duke of Grafton's Chigger fourth, 
 
518 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and drawn. At starting, ten to one on Eclipse ; 
 after the heat, large sums were bet, at six and 
 seven to four, that he distanced Pensioner, w^hich 
 he did with great ease. At Guilford, June 5th, 
 he walked over for the King's plate, 12st. And 
 at the same meeting, August 23rd, he won the 
 subscription purse of £319 lOs. (Mr. O 'Kelly- 
 paid 50 gs. entrance), for six years olds, 8st. 71b., 
 and aged, 9st., four miles, beating Mr. Went- 
 worth's Tortoise, aged, and Sir C. Bunbury's 
 Bellario, aged. At starting, twenty to one on 
 Eclipse, and in running, a hundred to one he w^on. 
 Eclipse took the lead at starting, and when he 
 had run two miles, was above a distance before 
 his antagonists, and won with uncommon ease ; 
 seven to four on Tortoise, against Bellario. At 
 Lincoln, September 3rd, he walked over for the 
 King's plate, 12st. At Newmarket, October 3rd, 
 he won the 150 gs. and upwards, paying 100 gs. 
 entrance, for six years olds, 8st. 101b., and aged, 
 9st. 21b., B. C, beating Sir C. Bunbury's Corsica, 
 by Swdss, five years old ; seventy to one on Eclipse; 
 and on the next day, he walked over the round 
 course for the King's plate, I2st. He was then 
 put out of training. 
 
 Eclipse w^on eleven King's plates, the weights for 
 ten of which were 12st. each, which was one more 
 than was ever won by any other horse in England. 
 Previous to his running for the King's plate at 
 Winchester, in 1769, Mr. O'Kelly gave Mr. Wild- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 519 
 
 man 650 gs. for a half share of him ; and after- 
 wards bought the other half for 1,100 gs., and even 
 at that price, he certainly was the cheapest horse 
 ever purchased. 
 
 Eclipse was never beat, and was allowed by 
 all ranks of sportsmen to be the fleetest horse that 
 ever ran in England, since the time of Childers. 
 
 Eclipse covered at Clay Hill, near Epsom, 
 Surrey, in 1771, at 50 gs. and one guinea the 
 groom ; in 1772-74, at 25 gs. and IO5. 6d. ; after- 
 wards, by subscription, forty mares, besides those 
 of his owner, at 30 gs. and one guinea ; in 1779, 
 not by subscription, at 30 gs. and one guinea ; in 
 1781-84, he was stinted to fifty mares, besides 
 those of his owner, at 20 gs. and one guinea ; in 
 1785-86, forty mares, besides those of his owner, 
 at 30 gs. and one guinea ; in 1 787-88, twenty-five 
 mares, besides those of his owner, at 30 gs. and 
 one guinea. After which. Eclipse was advertised 
 to cover at the same price, at Cannons, Middlesex, 
 to which he was removed from Epsom in his car- 
 riage. The machine had four wheels, was drawn 
 by two horses, and the groom was an inside pas- 
 senger."^ 
 
 Mr. O 'Kelly affirmed, that he gained by Eclipse 
 £25,000 and upwards. This was more money than 
 we ever remember to have fallen to the share of any 
 
 * We believe this to be the first instance in which a van, drawn by 
 horses, (now so generally in use) was employed in conveying a race- 
 horse. 
 
520 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 one other horse whatever. Mr. Fenwick cleared 
 by Match'em, as a staUion, upwards of £17,000, 
 and Mr. Martindale, of St. James's St., London, 
 by Regains, only £1000. 
 
 Eclipse died at Cannons, Middlesex, on Satur- 
 day, the 28th of February, 1789, aged twenty-five 
 years. 
 
 This famous horse was short in the forehand, 
 and high in the hips, which gave a kind of elas- 
 ticity to his strokes. His heart weighed, when 
 taken out, 141b., to which extraordinary circum- 
 stance, he was supposed to owe his great natural 
 courage. At his interment, ale and cake were 
 given, as at that of the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 Such is said to have been the bad temper of 
 Eclipse, that at one time it was thought impos- 
 sible to bring him to the post except as a gelding. 
 On this account, he was placed in the hands of 
 a rough-rider, in the neighbourhood of Epsom, 
 who, being likewise a notorious poacher, worked 
 him almost off his legs ; riding him about the 
 country on business during the day, and frequently 
 keeping him out all night on poaching excursions. 
 This treatment, although it quieted him enough to 
 enable him to race, still never entirely subdued his 
 indomitable spirit ; and, accordingly, Fitzpatrick 
 and Oakley, who rode him in almost all his races, 
 never attempted to hold him, contenting them- 
 selves with sitting quiet upon the saddle. 
 
 In a painting of Eclipse, with his jockey, Jack 
 
BRITISH TURF. 521 
 
 Oakley, going over the Beacon Course, at New- 
 market, by Sartorious the elder, in the collection 
 of Henry Biggs, Esq., of Stockton House, Wilts, 
 and in which, this horse appears to be going his 
 best pace with '* his head very low," his jockey 
 is sitting quite still in the saddle. 
 
 EPITAPH ON ECLIPSE. 
 
 Praise to departed worth ! illustrious steed. 
 
 Not the fam'd Phernicus of Pindar's ode 
 O'er thee. Eclipse, possess'd transcendant speed, 
 
 When by a keen Newmarket jockey rode. 
 
 Tho' from the hoof of Pegasus arose. 
 
 Inspiring Hippocrene, a fount divine ; 
 A richer stream superior merit shows. 
 
 Thy matchless foot produced O'Kelly wine. 
 
 True o'er the tomb in which this fav'rite lies. 
 No vaunting boast appears of lineage good ; 
 
 Yet the turf register's bright page defies 
 The race of Herod to show better blood. 
 
 Spiletta, dam of Eclipse, was a bay mare, foaled 
 in 1749, and bred by Sir Robert Eden, Bart. She 
 was got by Regulus out of Mother Western. 
 Spiletta, when in training, was the property of 
 H.R.H.. William Duke of Cumberland, but started 
 only once ; w^hich was at Newmarket, in April, 
 1754, for a £50 plate, for horses, etc., rising 
 five years old, 8st. 71b. each, the round course, 
 and was beat by Sir Charles Sedley's Royal, by 
 Regulus ; the Marquis of Harrington's Tantivy, 
 by Sedbury ; and Mr. Curson's Jason, by Stand- 
 ard. She was afterwards a brood mare in His 
 
522 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Royal Highnesses stud, and was also the dam of 
 the following : — 
 
 Foaled in 
 
 His Royal Highness's bay filly, Ariadne, by Crab . . 1759 
 
 Duke of Ancaster's bay filly, Proserpine, Bellerophon, Mon- 
 tesquieu, Hebe, Cselia, Luna, and Falcon's dam, by Marske 1766 
 
 Lord Abingdon's ches. colt, Hyperion, afterwards Garrick,by 
 
 Marske ... . . . 1772 
 
 Duke of Ancaster's cbes. filly, Briseis, by Chrysolite . 1774 
 
 Spiletta died in the year 1776, aged twenty- 
 seven. 
 
 The produce by Eclipse won as follows, viz : — 
 
 
 
 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 In 1774 
 
 1 WinneV won 
 
 210 
 
 
 
 1775 
 
 9 Winners 
 
 won 
 
 3,269 
 
 5 
 
 1776 
 
 15 
 
 » 
 
 
 6,418 
 
 15 
 
 1777 
 
 17 
 
 t> 
 
 
 8,986 
 
 
 
 1778 
 
 23 
 
 »> 
 
 
 9,410 
 
 10 
 
 1779 
 
 29 
 
 » 
 
 
 7,726 
 
 5 
 
 1780 
 
 28 
 
 f> 
 
 
 10,637 
 
 
 
 1781 
 
 26 
 
 » 
 
 
 11,539 
 
 10 
 
 1782 
 
 31 
 
 >* 
 
 
 12,893 
 
 15 
 
 1783 
 
 29 
 
 »> 
 
 
 13,914 
 
 5 
 
 1784 
 
 16 
 
 » 
 
 
 13,280 
 
 8 
 
 1785 
 
 21 
 
 *» 
 
 
 8,961 
 
 5 
 
 1786 
 
 18 
 
 i* 
 
 
 14,604 
 
 10 
 
 1787 
 
 19 
 
 f> 
 
 
 15,288 
 
 5 
 
 1788 
 
 15 
 
 » 
 
 
 9,218 
 
 17 
 
 1789 
 
 14 
 
 j> 
 
 
 4,417 
 
 5 
 
 1790 
 
 13 
 
 y* 
 
 
 4,022 
 
 5 
 
 1791 
 
 10 
 
 »* 
 
 
 1,744 
 
 10 
 
 1792 
 
 5 
 
 » 
 
 
 656 
 
 10 
 
 1793 
 
 1 Winner won 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 1794 
 
 2 Winners 
 
 won 
 
 431 
 
 
 
 1795 
 
 1 Wini 
 
 ner won 
 
 112 
 
 12 
 
 1796 
 
 1 
 
 » 
 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 In 23 yrs. 344 Winners won 158,047 12 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 523 
 
 Besides the above sums : — 
 
 In 1779, at Newmarket, the Clermont cup and subscription, also the 
 October cup, by Lord Grosvenor's Pot-80's. 
 
 1779, at Salisbury, the City silver bowl, by Sir H. Featherstone's 
 Empress. 
 
 1780, at Newmarket, the Clermont cup and subscription, the Jockey 
 Club plate, and the whip, by Lord Grosvenor's Pot-80's. 
 
 1781, at Newmarket, the Jockey Club plate, and the whip, by Lord 
 Grosvenor's Pot-80's. 
 
 1781, at Epsom, Mr. O'Kelly's Young Eclipse received a forfeit. 
 
 1782, at Newmarket, the Clermont cup, and Jockey Club plate, 
 by Lord Grosvenor's Pot-80's. 
 
 1783, at Ne^vmarket, the whip, by Pot-80's. 
 
 1785, at Oxford, a sweepstakes, by Mr. O'Kelly's General. 
 
 1786, at Newmarket, the whip, by Mr. O'Kelly's Dungannon. 
 
 1788, at Newmarket, the Jockey Club plate, by Mr. O'Kelly's 
 Gunpowder. 
 
 1789, at Newmarket, the Jockey Club plate, by Lord Grosvenor's 
 Meteor. 
 
 There might be more winners of Eclipse's get 
 than the above, but thev are unknown. 
 
 The following, besides many others, were got by 
 Eclipse, viz : — 
 
 Achilles, Duke of Bolton. 
 Actress, Mr. Whitfield. 
 Adjutant, Mr. O' Kelly. 
 Adonis, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Alexander, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Alphonso, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Anna, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Anna Leffey, Duke of Rutland. 
 Annette, Mr. Vernon. 
 Antiochus, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Augusta, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Aurelius, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Bank, Mr. Davds. 
 
 Basilius, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Bobadil, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Bobtail, Lord Egremont. 
 Bonnyface, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Boringdon, Mr. Parker. 
 Boudrow, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Brush, Mr. Croke. 
 Butterfly, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Canto Baboo, the Prince of Wales. 
 Carlton, Mr. Stapleton. 
 Charles, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Charlemont, Mr. Croke. 
 Charlotte, Mr. Pigott. 
 
524 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Chaunter, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Cherry, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Chesfield, Mr. Pulteney. 
 Clarionet, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Columbine, Mr. Williams. 
 
 Comet, the Prince of Wales. 
 
 Competitor, Lord G. H. Caven- 
 dish. 
 
 Corkscrew, Mr. Naper. 
 
 Cornwall, Lord Boringdon. 
 
 Crassus, Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Devi Sing, the Prince of Wales. 
 
 Dian, Lord G. H. Cavendish. 
 
 Dido, Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Dion, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Don Quixote, Mr. Taylor. 
 
 Dorcas, Mr. Dutton. 
 
 Dungannon, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Drummer, afterwards called War- 
 wick, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Duphcity, Mr. Pigott. 
 
 Eagle, Sir John Shelley. 
 
 Elegant, Mr. Hatton. 
 
 Ehza, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Empress, Sir H. Featherstone. 
 
 Entichus, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Erasmus, Mr. Naper. 
 
 Everlasting, Sir John Shelley. 
 
 Fair Barbara, Mr. Stapleton 
 
 Farmer, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Firetail, Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Flamer, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Frenzy, Sir. J. L. Kaye. 
 
 General, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Giant, Duke of Bolton. 
 
 Glow-worm, Mr. Brand. 
 
 Golden Rose, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Grapeshot, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Greybeard, Duke of Bolton. 
 
 Great Surrey, Mr. Ladbroke. 
 Grimalkin, Lord Abingdon. 
 Gunpowder, Mr O'Kelly. 
 Hackwood, Duke of Bolton. 
 Harmonia, Mr. Moody. 
 Hautboy, Mr. O'KeUy. 
 Henley, Mr. Parker. 
 Hermit, Mr. Wentworth. 
 Hiccup, Mr. Walker. 
 Hidalgo, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Hope, Mr. Gregson. 
 Horatia, Duke of Bolton. 
 Horizon, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Javelin, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Jesse, Mr. Burlton. 
 Imprudence, Lord Clermont. 
 Jockey, Mr. Burlton. 
 Joe Andrews, first called Dennis- 
 O !, Mr. G. Serle. 
 
 Isabella, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Jupiter, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 King Fergus, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 King Hermon, the Prince of 
 Wales. 
 
 King Hiram, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 King Melesus, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Ladythigh, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 La^'inia, Sir John Shelley. 
 
 Laura, Mr. Garforth. 
 
 Light Infantry, M. O'Kelly. 
 
 Lightning, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
 Little Henry, Duke of Cumber- 
 land. 
 
 Lily of the Valley, Mr. O'KeUy. 
 
 Luna, Mr. Parker. 
 
 Madcap, Duke of Bolton. 
 
 Margaret, Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 Maria, the Prince of Wales. 
 
 Mercury, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 525 
 
 Meteor, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Mirmillo, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Miss Hervey, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Mountebank, Mi. Button. 
 Mouse, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Nina, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Obscurity, Lord Milford. 
 Paris, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Pegasus, the Prince of Wales. 
 Planet, Lord Ossory. 
 Pluto, the Duke of Cumberland. 
 Plutus, Sir John Lade. 
 Polydore, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Poor Soldier, Mr. Wentworth. 
 Postillion, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Pot-8o's, Lord Abingdon. 
 Princess, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 PufFendorfF, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Queen Mab, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Ready Rhino, Lord Abingdon. 
 Recruit, Mr. Parker. 
 Regatta, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Romp, Mr. Carteret. 
 Ruth, Duke of Cumberland. 
 Saltram, Mr Parker. 
 Satellite, Sir F. Poole. 
 Saturn, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Sergeant, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Serpent, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Skylight, Sir C. Bunbury. 
 Soldier, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Spark, Mr. Wentworth. 
 Spartacus, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Speranza, Duke of Grafton. 
 Sphinx, Duke of Grafton. 
 Spinner, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Spitfire, Mr. Walker. 
 Spot, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Squeak, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Stripling, Mr. Turner. 
 Sussex, Sir F. Poole. 
 Sweetheart, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Tempest, Mr. Bailey. 
 Theresa, Mr. Bullock. 
 Thunderbolt, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Ticklepitcher, Mr. O'KeUy. 
 Tiffany, Lord Melsintowne. 
 Titinia, Mr. Hucks. 
 Trimbush, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Troy, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Twihght, Mr. Parker. 
 Venus, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Vertumnus, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Vistula, Mr. O'KeUy. 
 Violet, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Volunteer, alias Cornet, Mr. 
 
 O'KeUy. 
 Whim, Mr. Carter. 
 Whizgig, Lord Surrey. 
 Yarico, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Young EcUpse, Mr. O'KeUy. 
 Zantippi, Mr. Naper. 
 Zara, Lord Grosvenor. 
 ZUia, Lord Derby. 
 Zodiac, Sir. J. L. Kayes. 
 Zoroaster, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Eclipse also got the dams of the following, be- 
 sides several others, viz : — 
 
 Abigail, Lord Darlington. 
 Adeline, Mr. Herick. 
 
 Anthony, Sir W. Aston. 
 Archduke, Sir F. Standish. 
 
526 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Archer, Mr. Broadhurst. 
 
 Ariadne, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Astonishment, Sir J. L. Kayes. 
 
 Attainment, Mr. Lockley. 
 
 Bab, Lord Derby. 
 
 The Babe, Mr. R. Hamilton. 
 
 Barneby, Mr. Wentworth. 
 
 Behna, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Biddy Tipkin, Mr. Elton. 
 
 Bobtail, (by Precipitate), Lord 
 Egremont. 
 
 Boldface, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Braganza, Mr. Fox. 
 
 Brontes, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Brown Charlotte, Mr. Herrick. 
 
 Cabin Boy, Mr. J. P. Smith. 
 
 Camel, Mr. Hale. 
 
 Carrots, Mr. Hale. 
 
 Chanticleer, Lord Egremont. 
 
 Cinnamon, Lord Clermont. 
 
 Clown, Mr. Vernon. 
 
 Coeur de Lion, Mr. Turner. 
 
 Commodore, Mr. Sitwell. 
 
 Crazy, Lord Egremont. 
 
 Don Carlos, Duke of Cumber- 
 land. 
 
 Doxy, Lord Clermont. 
 
 Eliza, Mr. Wentworth. 
 
 Eliza, Mr. J. Hutchinson. 
 
 Ehza, Mr. C. Wilson. 
 
 Embryo, Duke of Bolton. 
 
 Ephemera, afterwards Rushlight 
 Lord Egremont. 
 
 Expectation, Mr. Cookson. 
 
 Fire, the Prince of Wales. 
 
 First Fruits, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Flambeau, Duke of Grafton, 
 
 Fogram, Duke of Grafton. 
 George, Mr. Cassan. 
 
 Geraniam, Mr. Clifton. 
 Goldfinch, Mr. Panton. 
 Goose, Duke of Bedford. 
 Grape, Mr. Barton. 
 Guilford, Mr. Durand. 
 Haphazard, (by Sir Peter), Lord 
 
 Darlington. 
 Haphazard, (by Delphina),Mr.G. 
 
 Baker. 
 Hawk, Mr. Ladbroke. 
 Hawker, Mr. Philips. 
 Heroine, Lord Clermont. 
 Hickery, Lord Fitzwilliam. 
 Hospitality, Mr. Lockley. 
 Hutton, Mr. Craythorn. 
 Jack's ahve, Mr. G. Baker. 
 Icarus, Mr. Hale. 
 Ida, Lord Egremont. 
 Jenny Bull, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Jenny Spinner, Mr. J. Lord. 
 Joan, Mr. Douglas. 
 John Bull, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Junius, Mr. Kirwan. 
 Juno, Mr. Broadhurst. 
 King David, Mr. EHot. 
 Lambinus, Duke of Bedford. 
 Lazarus, Mr. Ladebroke. 
 Leapfrog, Mr. Leeson. 
 Leviathan, Duke of Bedford. 
 Little Flyer, Lord Barrymore. 
 Little John, Sir F. Standish. 
 Little Luna, Mr. Montolieu. 
 Little Pickle, Mr. Broadhurst. 
 Logie o' Buchan, Lord Strath- 
 
 more's. 
 Logie the Laird, afterwards Lithe, 
 
 Lord Strathmore. 
 Lothario, the Prince of Wales. 
 Lucy, Mr. J. L. Kayes. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 
 
 527 
 
 Luna, Duke of Queensbury. 
 Magpie, Mr. Ladebroke. 
 Mary Ann, Mr. R. Hamilton. 
 Master Bagot, Mr. R. Hamilton. 
 Mediocrity, Hon. G. Villiers. 
 Miss Hamilton, Mr. Artley. 
 Mis Zelia Teazle, Mr. W. N. W. 
 
 Hewett. 
 Mr. Teazle, Sir F. Standish. 
 Mother Blackcap, H.R.H. the 
 
 Prince. 
 Northampton, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Oberon, Mr. J. Hutchinson. 
 Oddity, Sir J. L. Kayes. 
 Pecker, Duke of Queensbury. 
 Peggy Bull, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Phenomenon, Sir J. L. Kayes. 
 Ponto, Lord Clermont. 
 Pyrsemon, H.R.H. the Duke of 
 
 York. 
 Queen Charlotte, Mr. Lockley 
 Raby, Lord Darlington. 
 Rag, Lord Egremont. 
 Ratoon, Mr. Hammond. 
 Ringleader, Mr. Montoheu. 
 Rioter, Lord Clermont. 
 Ruby, Mr. Hale. 
 St. George, Lord Darlington. 
 Scotilla, Lord Stamford. 
 
 Shuter, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Silverlocks, Mr. Preston. 
 
 Skyscraper, Duke of Bedford. 
 
 Sloven, Mr. Dolphin. 
 
 Smart, Mr. Douglas. 
 
 Spider, the Prince of Wales. 
 
 Stamford, Sir F. Standish. 
 
 Statira, Lord Winchelsea. 
 
 Strathspey, Mr. R. Fletcher. 
 
 Striphng, Sir H. Williams. 
 
 Trag, by Trentham, Lord Egre- 
 mont, 
 
 Tartar, Lord A. Hamilton. 
 
 Tidy, Lord Grosvenor, afterwards 
 Mr. Smith of Ireland. 
 
 Tom Tit, Mr. Broadhurst. 
 
 Topgallant, Duke of Bedford. 
 
 Trueman, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Tulip, Mr. Hale. 
 
 Vandall, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Venom, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Vision, Mr. Ehot. 
 
 Volante, Mr. Montolieu. 
 
 Wan'ior, Lord Fitzwilliam. 
 
 Weasel, Mr. J. Hutchinson. 
 
 Wilkes, Mr. Whaley. 
 
 Xenia, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Zenobia, Lord Derby. 
 
 The following is M. de St. Bel's^ account of the 
 death and autopsy of Eclipse : — 
 
 '' In the morning of the 25th of February, 1789, 
 Eclipse was seized with a violent cholic. The 
 remedies acknowledged as most proper in that 
 
 * An Essay on the Proportions of Eclipse, by M. Charles Vial de 
 St. Bel, Professor to the Veterinary College of London, pubhshed by 
 Martin and Bain, Fleet Street, 1795. 
 
528 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 case were administered, but without effect. He 
 expired on the 27th, at seven o'clock in the even- 
 ing, in the twenty-sixth year of his age. 
 
 *' The opening of the abdomen, or lower belly, 
 presented immediately an overflowing of san- 
 guinous serum ; all the intestines were in a state 
 of extreme inflammation, and even covered with 
 gangrenous spots. The mesentery and the epi- 
 ploon, were in the same condition. The glands 
 appeared much swelled, and the blood-vessels 
 were fllled with a black, thick blood, apparently 
 without any serum. The stomach was entirely 
 empty ; its inner membrane little inflamed ; the 
 spleen was much obstructed, as was also the liver, 
 one lobe of which w^as partly in a state of putre- 
 faction. The dissection of the reins, or kidneys, 
 more particularly discovered the cause of the dis- 
 ease ; the pelvis was filled with purulent matter, 
 and the membranes completely destroyed by the 
 effect of suppuration. The bladder did not con- 
 tain a drop of urine, but only a certain quantity 
 of pus, conveyed by the ureters ; its villous coat 
 was corroded by the matter. 
 
 *' From the above circumstances, I infer, that the 
 veins performed their functions in a very imperfect 
 manner, and that the animal died in consequence 
 of the affections of these viscera, and of a violent 
 inflammation of the bowels. The viscera of the 
 chest partook, in a slight degree, of this inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 529 
 
 ''It is worthy of notice, that the heart weighed 
 fourteen pounds. The skull was not opened, as 
 it was my intention to preserve entire the skeleton 
 of so famous a horse." 
 
 Although, as we have before stated, it is impos- 
 sible to fix a correct and unalterable standard by 
 which the form and proportions of the race-horse 
 can be defined, nevertheless, the ingenious calcu- 
 lations of M. de St. Bel on those of Eclipse, are 
 well deserving a place in this work, and we have, 
 accordingly given them in our appendix, illustrated 
 by two wood-cuts. 
 
 We will conclude this chapter with the most ac- 
 curate pedigree of Eclipse we have been able to put 
 together. 
 
 VOL. I. MM 
 
530 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 ta 
 
 1 
 
 Vi 
 
 9 
 o 
 
 t— < 
 
 O 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 •ajlsjBj^ 
 
 •Bjjands 
 
 •asdipa 
 
BRITISH TURF. 531 
 
 CHAPTER Xm. 
 
 Pedigrees and performances of the most celebrated race-horses, &c., 
 continued from 1764, to the period of the estabHshment of the 
 Great St. Leger Stakes at Doncaster, in 1777 — Goldfinder — Cicero 
 — Forester — Paymaster — Solon — Trentham — Mark Anthony — 
 Mambrino — Sweet- William — Firetail — Johnny — Pumpkin — Sweet- 
 briar — Shark — Young Marske — Dorimont — Pot-8o's — Highflyer — 
 Hollandoise, the first winner of the St. Leger. 
 
 Goldfinder. — A bay horse, foaled in 1 764, 
 bred by John St. Leger Douglas, Esq., of Spring 
 Fields, Essex, and sold to Jenison Shafto, Esq. 
 Goldfinder was the most celebrated horse of his day. 
 He was got by Snap ; his dam by Blank ; grandam. 
 Lord Bolingbroke's Nettle's dam, by Regulus ; 
 great grandam by Lord Lonsdale's bay Arabian, 
 out of the Duke of Bolton's Bonny Lass, the dam 
 of Merry Andrew, &c. 
 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, April 5th, 
 1768, Goldfinder won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. 
 each, h. ft,, B. C. In the Second Spring Meeting, 
 April 29th, he won the Ascot stakes of 25 gs. 
 each, B. C. In the First October Meeting, Mon- 
 day, he won a subscription of 200 gs. each, h. ft., 
 eight subscribers, 8st. 101b. each, B. C. Tuesday, 
 Goldfinder, 8st. 71b., received forfeit from Sir John 
 
 M M 2 
 
532 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 J 
 
 Moore's bay filly, own sister to South-east, 8st. 
 21b., B. C, 300 gs., h. ft. In the Second Octo- 
 ber Meeting, Thursday, he won the Contribution 
 stakes of 5 gs. each, twenty subscribers, B. C. In 
 the First Spring Meeting, March 31st, 1769, he 
 won the 150 gs. for horses, &c., rising five years 
 old, J3. C. In the First October Meeting, Tues- 
 day, he won a subscription of 200 gs. each, p. p., 
 and the cup, ten subscribers. On the Satur- 
 day, he won a subscription of 50 gs. each, p. p., 
 six subscribers, B. C. In the Second October 
 Meeting, Tuesday, he receiv^ed 450 gs. compromise 
 from Mr. P. Blake's Leader, by Fearnought, 9st. 
 each, B. C, 500 gs., p. p. On the Wednesday, 
 he walked over for the 150 gs. for five years olds, 
 8st. lOlb., B. C. On the Friday, he walked 
 over for the Contribution stakes of 5 gs. each, 
 twenty subscribers, for all ages, B. C. In the 
 Second Spring Meetmg, 1770, Goldfinder walked 
 over for a subscription of 25 gs. each, eiglit sub- 
 scribers, for all ages, B. C. On the Tuesday in 
 the First October Meeting, he walked over for the 
 cup, for all ages, B. C. On the following day, 
 he broke down in his exercise ; otherwise it was 
 intended to start him for the King's plate, against 
 Eclipse. 
 
 Goldfinder was a horse of great speed and power, 
 and was never beat, or ever paid a forfeit. He 
 was sold at Mr. Shafto's sale at Newmarket, on 
 Saturday, October 5th, 1771, to Sir Charles Sed- 
 
BRITISH TURK. 
 
 53:^ 
 
 lev, for 1,330 irs. : and covered at Nuttall Temi^le, 
 near Nottingham, in 1772-73, twenty mares, be- 
 sides those of his owner, at 20 2:s. and 5s ; in 
 1774-75, thirty mares, with the owner's, at 20 
 gs. and 10.s\ 6d. ; in 1776-77, forty mares, at 
 25 gs. and 10^\ 6d ; in 1778, fifty mares, with 
 those of the owner, at 20 gs. and U\s\ (jd. After 
 the death of Sir Charles Sedlev, he was sold for 
 375 gs. ; and in 1779-81, covered at Coxe's Farm, 
 nearMitcham, Snrrey, at 10 gs. and 5s. ; in 1782- 
 84, at the same place, at 5 gs. and 5.^. 
 
 Goldtiiidor died in 1789, aged twenty-tive years. 
 
 The followins:, besides manv others, were i::ot bv 
 Gold tinder, viz : 
 
 Alfred, Mr. Dymock. 
 Bauquo, Mr. Radclitle. 
 Bootcatcher, Mr. Carow. 
 Brunette, Mr. Sidebottoiu. 
 Catch, Mr. Douglas. 
 Country girl. Lord CJ. H. Caven- 
 
 dish. 
 Cupid, Mr. Bethell. 
 Doctor, Mr. Wyndham. 
 Eghani, Sir F. Evelyn. 
 Fleacatcher, Sir C. Sedley. 
 Glazier, Mr. Aolinne. 
 Cioldtinder, Duke of Hainillon. 
 Harlequin. Mr. Wheatley. 
 Hazard, Mr. Basset. 
 Hymen, Mr. Vernon. 
 Jack Ketch, Sir C. Sedley. 
 Jugurtha, Mr. Hatton. 
 Knight Errant, Sir J. Lade. 
 Lady Betty, Capt. Bowdon. 
 
 Larkcatcher, Mr. Webb. 
 Lottery, Mr. Weller. 
 Lenscatcher, Mr. C. Pigott. 
 Manilla, Mr. Goodricke. 
 Medley, Sir John Lade. 
 Molecatcher, SirC. Sedley. 
 Nimble, out of Imogen, Lord 
 
 Grosvenor. 
 Para, Mr. Walker. 
 Pizarro, Mr. Smaltman. 
 Preference, Mr. Naper. 
 Protector. Duke of Bolton. 
 Royal, Mr. Swinton. 
 Secret, Mr Smallmann. 
 Serina, Mr. Radclitle. 
 Sir Charles, Mr. Mavnard. 
 Sleiptner, Lord Craven. 
 Stirt'Dick, Mr Hutchinson. 
 Stormer, Duke of Grafton. 
 Tuwnev. Mr. Douglas. 
 
534 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Thiefcatcher, Sir C. Sedley. Valerius, Mr. H. Vernon. 
 
 Tiney, Sir H. Harpur. Uppingham, Lord Sondes. 
 
 Toper, Mr. Stacie. Whirligig, Sir H. Harpur, 
 Toothdrawer, Sir C. Sedley. 
 
 Of these, Mr. Goodricke's Manilla bred Dexter, 
 Miss Judy, Prior, Cardinal, and Lignum vitee's dam, 
 Co-heiress, Hyperion's dam. Ambidexter, Hornet, 
 Hydaspes, Tigress, Nettle, Abbess, and Flycatcher. 
 
 Fleacatcher was the dam of Sir C. Bunbury's 
 Overseer, afterwards Master of Arts, and Wran- 
 gler ; also of Sir H. Featherstonhaugh's Fanlight. 
 
 Cicero. — A chesnut horse, foaled in 1765, the 
 property of Mr. Salt, sold to Mr. Bishop, after- 
 wards to Mr. Walker, &c. Cicero was got by 
 Little Driver out of Sappho. 
 
 At Oxford, in July, 1769, Cicero won the Maid- 
 en plate of £50, three two mile heats. At Wis- 
 beach. May 30th, 1730, Cicero won £50, heats, 
 three times round the course ; at starting, five to 
 four on Cicero. At Stamford, June 13th, he won 
 £50, heats, twice round the course. At Notting- 
 ham, August 5th, he won £50, three four mile heats. 
 At Aylesbury, September 4th, he won £50, four 
 mile heats. At Ascot Heath, in June, 1771, he 
 won £50, three four mile heats, beating Lord 
 March's Rosetta, and a large field. At Lewes, in 
 July, he won £50, four mile heats. Cicero was 
 then sold to Mr. Bishopp ; and at Epsom, May 
 28th, 1772, he won the cup, value £50, four miles. 
 At Ascot Heath, June 26th, he won £50 for aged 
 
BRITISH TURF. 535 
 
 horses, four mile heats. At Marlborough, July 
 28th, he won £50, four mile heats. At Heading, 
 August 5th, he won £50 give and take, four mile 
 heats. After the race he was purchased by Mr. 
 Walker, and at Newmarket Second October 
 Meeting, Cicero beat Lord Clermont's Merry Tra- 
 veller, five years old, B. C, 100 gs. ; at start- 
 ing, five and six to one on Cicero ; considerable 
 bets were laid that he beat his antagonist a dis- 
 tance, but he won by a few yards only, at the 
 ending post. At Newmarket Second Spring Meet- 
 ing, 1773, he received 125 gs. compromise from 
 Mr. Wentworth's Mark, B. C, 500 gs., h. ft. 
 He was sold to Mr. Strode ; at Bridgnorth, in 
 June, he won £50, four mile heats ; and on the 
 next day, he won £50, give and take, four mile 
 heats. At Newmarket Second Spring Meeting, 
 1774, he received 250 gs. compromise, from Mr. 
 Walker's Piccadilly, B. C, 300 gs., p. p. Cicero 
 was then sold to Mr. C. Pigott ; and at Peter- 
 borough, July 20th, he won £50, at four four mile 
 heats. At Shrewsbury, August 23rd, Cicero won 
 £.50, four mile heats, beating Mr. Nerop's Intre- 
 pid ; at starting, the betting was even; but not 
 satisfied with the result, the backers of Intrepid 
 challenged to run Cicero four miles, at the same 
 weights they had carried for the plate, which was 
 accepted by Mr. Pigott, and won by Cicero. 
 On the next day, he won £50, four mile heats. 
 At Ludlow, September 6th, he won £50, four mile 
 
536 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 heats. Cicero was not beat that year. At Strat- 
 ford-upon-Avon, August 2nd, 1775, Cicero won 
 £50, four mile heats. At Litchfield, August 30th, 
 he won £50, for horses, etc., rode by gentlemen, 
 13st., four miles, rode by Mr. Walker. At 
 Warwick, September 7th, he won £50, four mile 
 heats. He started once more, and was then put 
 out of training. 
 
 Cicero won twenty £50 prizes, and 575 gs. in 
 matches and forfeits. He was sire of Mr. West- 
 wood's Zenophon, Mr. Sanders' Ne plus Ultra, 
 Lord C. Somerset's Louisa, Mr. Homfray's Young 
 Cicero, &c. 
 
 In 1781, Cicero was teazer to Shark, at Alwal- 
 ton Lodge, near Stilton, Huntingdonshire ; and 
 afterwards a stallion at Mr. John Edwards', at the 
 Lickey, near Broomsgrove, Worcestershire, at 5 gs. 
 and 55. 
 
 Forester. — A bay horse, foaled in 1765, bred 
 by Philip Egerton, Esq., and sold to the Hon. 
 John Smith Barry, of Belmont, near Northwich, 
 Cheshire. Forester was got by Dionysius, out of 
 Rural Lass. 
 
 At Beverley, in May, 1769, Forester started for 
 the sweepstakes of 20 gs. each, fourteen sub- 
 scribers, three miles, when he came in first ; but 
 his rider not bringing ia his weight, the stakes 
 were given to Mr. Ellerker's Lorenzo, by Samp- 
 son, who was second. At Manchester, in Septem- 
 ber, he won £50, three two mile heats. At 
 
BRITISH TURF. 537 
 
 Carlisle, in May, 1770, Forester won £50, three 
 mile heats ; and on the next day, he won £50, 
 beating Mr. Hutton's Foxhunter, and a large field, 
 three four mile heats. At Richmond, in Septem- 
 ber, he won £50, four mile heats, beating Mr. 
 Hutton's Lofty by Regulus ; at starting, five and 
 six to four on Forester ; two excellent heats, each 
 being won by only half a neck. At Carlisle, in 
 November, he won the King's plate, four mile 
 heats. At Chester, in May, 1771, he won the 
 Gold cup, value £50, four mile heats ; and in the 
 same meeting he won £50, four mile heats. At 
 Newcastle, June 26th, 1772, he won the subscrip- 
 tion purse of 60 gs., four mile heats. At Edin- 
 burgh, July 20th, he won the King's plate, four 
 mile heats ; on the 23rd, same place, he won the 
 Subscription purse of 100 gs., for all ages, four 
 miles ; and on the next day, he w^on the 60 gs. 
 plate, four mile heats, beating Philippo, Young 
 Mirza, Royal Forester, Leith,&c.; Mr. Nisbett'sFox- 
 hunter also started, but in running for the first heat 
 he dropped down, and died immediately. Forester 
 was ridden for the three plates by John Tesseyman, 
 and Philippo, twice, by Leonard Jewison. At 
 Newcastle, in June, 1773, Forester walked over for 
 the Subscription purse of 60 gs. At Doncaster, in 
 September, he won the Gold cup, four miles. At 
 Malton, in October, he won £50, three four mile 
 heats : two to one on Forester. At Lancaster 
 in July 1774, he won £50, four mile heats; at 
 
538 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 starting five to four on Forester ; after the heat, 
 seven to one he won. At York, in August 
 1775, he won £50 four mile heats ; at starting, two 
 to one on Forester ; after the heat six to four he 
 won. Forester was ridden by John Mangle, Eu- 
 ryalus by John Tesseyman, and Consul by Charles 
 Dawson. At Chester, May 6, 1776, he won the 
 annual City plate at three four mile heats, six to 
 four against Forester. At Manchester, May 31 , he 
 won £50, three four mile heats. At Boroughbride 
 in September, he won £50, four mile heats ; at 
 starting, six to four on Forester ; after the heat five 
 to four he won. And at Manchester in May 1777, 
 he won £50 four four mile heats ; at starting, five 
 to one against Forester ; Forester the third from 
 Dumplin, and fourth from Fortune. Forester 
 started once more that year, and was beat by Mr. 
 Ellis's Diana, &c. at Chesterfield ; and twice in 
 1778, when he was beat by Mr. Tembs's Furze- 
 cutter, &c. at Bridgeworth ; and by Mr. Swinfen's 
 Royal, &c., at Nottingham. 
 
 Forester won twenty times, viz : two King's 
 Plates ; the cups at Doncaster and Chester ; a sub- 
 scription Purse of 100 gs. and three of 60 gs. each ; 
 eleven £50 plates, and the annual City plate at 
 Chester. He was afterwards a stallion in the 
 Hon. T. L. Barry's stud, at 5 gs. 55. — He served 
 very few well bred mares. 
 
 Paymaster — first called Jesmond. A bay horse 
 
BRITISH TURF. 539 
 
 foaled in 1766, bred by Jenison Shafto Esq., sold 
 to Lord Viscount Bolingbroke. 
 
 Paymaster was got by Blank, out of Snapdragon ; 
 he was her first produce. 
 
 At Newmarket first Spring meeting, 1770, Jes- 
 mond won a sweepstakes of 500 gs. each, h. ft. 
 
 B. C. He was then sold to Lord Bolingbroke, who 
 named him Paymaster. In the second Spring 
 Meeting, he won the Jockey Club plate, R. C. 
 beating Lord March's Belindo, and a large field. 
 At Newmarket, May 23, Paymaster beat Lord 
 Clermont's Brilhant, 8st. 300 gs. five to one 
 on Paymaster. In the first October meeting, he 
 received 100 gs. compromise from Lord Farnham's 
 Bucephalus, 500 gs. h. ft. In the second October 
 meeting, he was beat (for the first time) by Lord 
 Rockingham's Solon ; after which he was sold to 
 Robert Pigott, Esq. 
 
 At Newmarket first Spring Meeting, 1771, 
 Paymaster won £50 R. C. In the second Spring 
 Meeting, Paymaster beat Mr. Wentworth's Chaun- 
 ter by Whistlejacket, B. C. 200 gs. He was then 
 sold to Mr. Strode ; and in the Houghton Meet- 
 ing, he beat Mr. Burlton's Tamerlane, B. C. 
 100 gs. At Newmarket second Spring Meeting, 
 1772, Paymaster beat Mr. Walker's Florinda, R. 
 
 C. 100 gs. ; and in the same meeting, he beat 
 Lord Clermont's Sufi'olk, R. C. 50 gs. At Guil- 
 ford, June 6th, Paymaster was beat for the King's 
 plate by Mr. Gulston's Endymion. At Winches- 
 
540 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 ter, July 14th. he won the King's plate, 12st. at 
 three heats. At Canterbury, July 29th, he won 
 the King's plate 12st. beating Mr. Wildman's 
 Frolic. At Lewes, August 15th. he won the King's 
 plate 12st. at three heats. At Lincoln, August 
 15th, he won the King's plate, 12st; and at the 
 same place he walked over for the £50 plate. At 
 Newmarket first October meeting, 1773, Paymaster 
 beat Mr. Foley's Fortune, four years old, 8st. each, 
 B. C. 500 gs. ; and in the same meeting, he won a 
 sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, h. ft. B. C. In the 
 second October meeting Paymaster won a Sweep- 
 stakes of 100 gs. each, (three subscribers) B. C. 
 At Newmarket, Saturday after the second Spring 
 Meeting, 1774, Paymaster beat Lord Grosvenor's 
 Mambrino, 9st. B. C. 500 gs. ; at starting, two to 
 one on Mambrino. On the Monday following, he 
 beat Lord Clermont's Pulp^, 5 years old, B. C, 
 100 gs. ; and in the First October Meeting, Pay- 
 master beat Mr. Keith Stewart's Bramble by 
 King Herod, B. C. 300 gs. — This was the last 
 time of his running. 
 
 Paymaster then became a stallion. In 1778, he 
 covered at Bishop Burton, near Beverly, Yorkshire, 
 at 10 gs. and \0s. 6d,; and in 1780, 1781, 1782, 
 and 1783, at Mr. Raithby's Farm, Delrow, near 
 Oldinham, Herts, at 5 gs. and 5^.; afterwards at 
 Field House, near Darlington, where he died in 
 1791, aged 25. 
 
 Paymaster was sire of the following winners. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 541 
 
 viz : — Mr. Carteret's Capability ; Lord Ossory's 
 Alaric ; Mr. Addison's Contractor; Mr. Wetherell's 
 Young Paymaster, (afterwards Ravensworth,) 
 Bellona. Mars, Beamish, &c. ; Mr. Whiting's St. 
 Valory ; Lord A. Hamilton's Paragon ; Mr. Talbott's 
 Corinthian ; Mr. Cauty's Paymaster ; Mr. Clifton's 
 Labourer ; Mr. Hudson's Serpent ; Mr. Coocksen's 
 Sail, William's and Brunette. 
 
 Paymaster got the dams of Mr. WJ.arton's Skel- 
 ton. Sir Rowland Winn's Conjurer, Lord Dar- 
 lington's Doncaster, Mr. Broadhurst's Mendoza, 
 Mr. Hamond's Gil Bias, Mr. Bowes's Sadler, Mr. 
 Hemings' Sir Sidney, Pugilist, &c. 
 
 Solon. — A brown-bay horse, foaled in 1766, 
 bred by and the property of the Marquis of Rock- 
 ingham. Solon was got by Sampson out of 
 Emma. 
 
 At Newmarket, First October Meeting, 1770, 
 Solon won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, h. ft 
 called the 1,400 gs. (8 subscribers.) In the Second 
 October Meeting, Solon beat Lord Bolingbroke's 
 Paymaster, B. C. 500 gs. ; at starting, three to 
 one on Paymaster. In the Second Spring Meet- 
 ing, 1771, Solon beat Lord Farnham's Charon, 
 B. C. 1000 gs. ; at starting, three to one on Solon. 
 In the First Spring Meeting, 1772, he won a sweep- 
 stakes of 200 gs. h. ft. B. C. In the First October 
 Meeting, he received forfeit from Lord Clermont's 
 Fanny, B. C, 500 gs., h. ft. In the First Spring 
 Meeting, 1 773, Solon beat Lord Abingdon's Transit, 
 
542 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 B. C. 500 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, Solon 
 beat Mark Anthony across the flat, 200 gs. ; and 
 on the Saturday, he beat Mr. Foley's Trentham, 
 
 B. C. 300 gs. At Newmarket, May 6th, 1776, 
 Solon beat Mr. Conolly's Bacchus, B. C. 1000 gs. 
 
 Solon never raced but at Newmarket, and was 
 allowed to be the best horse Lord Rockingham 
 ever had, Bay Malton excepted. When he beat 
 Paymaster, Lord Rockingham is said to have 
 won 4000 gs. on the race ; and Mr. Vernon (a first 
 rate judge at that time,) is said to have allowed 
 him to be the completest horse, with the greatest 
 power, that ever appeared at Newmarket. Solon, 
 after beating Bacchus, was Lord Rockingham's 
 Charger for several years, and afterwards became 
 a stallion at Wentworth, Yorkshire, where he died 
 about the year 1793. 
 
 He served very few well bred mares. 
 
 Trentham. A bay horse, foaled in 1766, bred 
 bv Sir John Moore, Bart., and sold at his sale to 
 Charles Ogilvy, Esq. Trentham was got by Lord 
 Gower's Sweepstakes out of Miss South ; he was 
 her first produce. 
 
 At Swaflfham, 1769, Trentham won £50. At 
 Newmarket First Spring Meeting, he started un- 
 successfully for the £50 ; but in the same meeting 
 he beat Petit Maitre, R. M., 100 gs. At New- 
 market First Spring Meeting, 1770, Trentham beat 
 the Duke of Kingston's b. c, by Old England, D. 
 
 C, 200 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, he 
 
BRITISH TURF. 543 
 
 beat Mr. Shafto's filly, by Snap, R. M., 100 gs. 
 At Burford, July 23, he won a sweepstakes of 
 25 gs. each, 33 subscribers, four miles. At New- 
 market First October Meeting, Trentham beat 
 Metaphysician, B. C. 500 gs. In the Second Oc- 
 tober Meeting, in a Sweepstakes of 300 gs. each, 
 h. ft., B. C, Trentham received 140 gs. each, com- 
 promise from Lord Ossory's Fish, 7st. 3lb., and 
 Mr. P. Blake's Stripling ; and in the same meeting 
 he won £50, and upwards. At Newmarket First 
 Spring Meeting, 1771, Trentham beat Lord 
 March's Rosetta, by Squirrel, R. M., 300 gs. In 
 the Second Spring Meeting, he beat Lord Craven's 
 Petit Maitre, ditch-in, 500 gs. At Burford, in July, 
 he beat Lord Abingdon's Transit, four miles 
 500 gs. He was then sold to Messrs. Foley and 
 Fox. At Newmarket Craven Meetins:, 1772, 
 Trentham beat Lord Clermont's Rosetta, by Squir- 
 rel, ditch in, 300 gs. In the First Spring Meeting, 
 he beat Mr. C. Blake's Don Joseph, B. C, 1000 
 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, he won the 
 Jockey Club plate, B. C. ; and at 8st. 4lb., he 
 received forfeit from Lord Rockingham's Solon, 
 8st. 71b., B.C. 1000 gs., h. ft. At Burford, in 
 July, he won a sweepstakes of 10 gs. each, sixteen 
 subscribers, four miles ; he also received a forfeit 
 from Lord Abingdon's Transit. At Newmarket, 
 First October Meeting, Trentham won a sweep- 
 stakes of 200 gs. each, h. ft., and 8st. 91b.; he also 
 received a compromise from Mr. C. Blake's Fire- 
 
544 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 tail, three years old, 8st. R. M., 100 gs., h. ft. In 
 the Houghton Meeting, Trentham beat Lord 
 March's Piccadilly, B. C, 1000 gs. At Nev/- 
 market Craven Meeting, 1773, Trentham stood 
 matched with Pyrrhus against Mr. Ogilvy's Pincher, 
 8st. 71b. each ; they were both to beat Pincher, 
 over the beacon course for 1000 gs. They came 
 in as follow, viz : 1. Trentham, six years old, rode 
 by South. 2. Pyrrhus, five years old, rode by J. 
 Prince. 3. Pincher, aged, rode by Anthony 
 Wheatly ; at starting five to two that Pincher was 
 last. In the First Spring Meeting, Trentham re- 
 ceived 108 gs., compromise from Lord Boling- 
 broke's Marianne, B. C, 500 gs. h. ft. After being 
 beat by Regulator, Pantaloon, Carabineer, &c., at 
 York, in August, he was sold to Sir C. Sedley, Bart. 
 AtNewmarket Second Spring Meeting, 1774, Trent- 
 ham received forfeit from Mr. H. Vernon's Minis- 
 ter, B. C, 300 gs., h. ft. At York, in August, he 
 won the subscription of £298 \6s. 8d. four miles. 
 At Newmarket Houghton Meeting, Trentham beat 
 Lord Clermont's Priestess, B. C. 200 gs. At New- 
 market Second Spring Meeting, 1775, Trentham 
 started for the Jockey Club plate, and ran a dead 
 heat with Lord Grosvenor's Mambrino ; also at 
 the same meeting, Saturday, he beat Lord Abing- 
 don's Transit, B. C, 200 gs. At Lincoln, in Sep- 
 tember, he won the £100 plate, four mile heats. 
 At Newmarket Second Spring meeting, 1776, 
 Trentham won the 140 gs., and upwards, B. C, and 
 
BRITISH TURF. 545 
 
 on the next day, he won the Jockey Club plate ; he 
 was sold to Mr. Codrington. Trentham was beat 
 fourteen times, for which, see the performances of 
 Faggergill, Pincher, Marc Antony, Merry Traveller, 
 Solon, Conductor, Regulator, Transit, Mambrino, 
 Juniper, Black Tom, Pumpkin, and Johnny. He 
 paid only one forfeit, which was for the Cup and 
 100 gs. each, won by Juniper, in the Newmarket 
 First October Meeting, 1771. He won £8,450 
 and upwards, besides two Jockey Club plates, and 
 was not inferior to any horse of his time. Tren- 
 tham was a stallion in Lord Egremont's stud, at 
 Petworth, Sussex. 
 
 Marc Anthony. Bred by the Duke of Ancaster, 
 sold to Christopher Blake, Esq., and afterwards to 
 the Earl of Clermont, Marc Anthony was got by 
 Spectator out of Rachel, by Blank. 
 
 At Newmarket Second October Meeting, 1770, 
 Marc Anthony beat Lord Clermont's Bucephalus, 
 Rowley's mile, 300 gs. ; at Newmarket First 
 Spring Meeting, 1771, Marc Anthony beat Se- 
 raphina, B. C. 300 gs., and on Friday, Laura, B. 
 C, 300 gs. ; on Monday, in the Second Spring 
 Meeting, Marc Anthony beat Fish, B. C, 300 gs., 
 and on Friday, Gnawpost, D. C, 300 gs. ; on 
 Tuesday, in the Second October Meeting, Marc 
 Anthony beat Miss Osmer, B. C, 500 gs., on 
 Thursday, he won the Beecham well cup, value 
 120 gs., and on Saturday, received forfeit from 
 Brilliant, Rowley's mile, 1000 gs., p. p. ; in the 
 
 VOL. I. N N 
 
546 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Houghton Meeting, Marc Anthony received forfeit 
 from Conductor, B. C, 1000 gs., h. ft. At New- 
 market First Spring Meeting, 1772, Marc Anthony 
 received 240 gs., compromise from Charon, B. C, 
 500 gs., h. ft. He received forfeit from the Duke 
 of Cumberland's Pompey, B. C, 500 gs., h. ft. 
 On Monday, in the Second Spring Meeting, 
 Marc Anthony received forfeit from the Duke 
 of Cumberland's Faggergill, B. C, 500 gs., h. 
 ft., and on Saturday, he was beat for the first 
 time, by Pyrrhus to whom he allowed 51b. over 
 B. C. At Newmarket, First Spring Meeting, 
 1773, Marc Anthony, won £50, R. C. ; Trentham 
 also started and was second. Marc Anthony w^as 
 sold to Lord Clermont, and at Newmarket, May 
 17. he beat Firetail, ditch in, 500 gs. At New- 
 market First Spring Meeting, 1774, Marc An- 
 thony beat Solon, B. C, 300 gs., and Chalkstone, 
 B. C, 300 gs. In the First October Meeting, he 
 beat Mahomet, by Snap, B. C, 300 gs. ; these 
 w^ere his only engagements that year. At New- 
 market First Spring Meeting, 1775, Marc An- 
 thony received forfeit from Solon, B. C, 300 gs., 
 h. ft. ; and on Saturday, beat Ancaster, ditch in, 
 100 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, he re- 
 ceived forfeit from St. George, across the flat, 
 300 gs., h. ft. On Monday, in the First October 
 Meeting, he was beat by Mambrino, over B. C. ; 
 on Tuesday, Marc Anthony beat Enterprise, D. C, 
 200 gs., and Pumpkin, B. C, 300 gs. ; in the Se- 
 cond October Meeting he won the 140 gs. sweep- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 547 
 
 stakes, B. C. At Newmarket Second Spring 
 Meeting, 1776, Marc Anthony won a sweepstakes of 
 300 gs. each, h. ft. ; and at Newmarket, Septem- 
 ber 19th, Marc Anthony beat Counsellor B. C, 
 100 gs. In the First October Meeting, he started 
 for the 140 gs., B. C, when he was beat by Planet. 
 This was the last time of his running. 
 
 Marc Anthony started twenty-eight times, out of 
 which he won twenty ; the sums he won in sweep- 
 stakes, matches, plates, and forfeits, amounted to 
 8,547 gs. lO^., and the sums he lost in stakes, 
 matches, and forfeits were 2,925 gs. Total of his 
 winning 5,622 gs. lOs. He broke down when six 
 years old, and never ran but at Newmarket. Marc 
 Anthony was beat twice by Mambrino, once each 
 by Pyrrhus, Gertrude, Conductor, Solon, Ranger, 
 Planet, &c. At Burford, he paid 25 gs. forfeit in 
 a stakes won by Pantaloon ; at Newmarket, 50 gs. 
 compromise to Consul twice ; 250 gs. to Mambrino 
 and 150 gs. to Fairstar, in the First Spring Meet- 
 ing, 1777, being then intended for a stallion. Marc 
 Anthony was a staUion at Pakenham, near Bury, 
 Suffolk, in 1778 and 1779, at 10 gs. and IO5. ; at 
 Leeming Lane, near Bedale, Yorkshire in 1780, 
 at 10 gs. and 56*.; at Chippenham, near Newmarket 
 in 1781 and 1782, at lOgs.and lO^-.; in 1783, &c., 
 at 5 gs. and lOs. 6d. ; in 1787, 1788, &c., at 3 gs. 
 and 55. ; he served very few mares besides Lord 
 Clermont's. 
 
 Marc Anthony was sire of Lord Clermont's Rut- 
 
 N N 2 
 
548 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 land, Gary, Fury, Kitten, Mark-ho, George, Aim- 
 well, Lady Harriet, Bag-ho, Soho, &c. ; of Sir 
 Walter Vavasour's Marc Anthony, Mr. Fox's 
 Brutus, Mr. Parker's Hebe, Mr. Hull's Furioso, 
 Mr. Burrell's Wasp, Mr. Bowler's Gurate, Mr. 
 Benton's Triumvate, &c. ; he also got the dam of 
 Paynator, Ghippenham, Miss Fury, &c. The dam 
 of Marc Anthony was Rachel, a bay mare foaled 
 in 1763, and bred by the Duke of Ancaster ; she 
 was got by Blank, her dam, (bred by Mr. Scroop, 
 of Danby, Yorkshire, foaled in 1751, and sold to 
 Mr. Panton) by Regulus ; her grandam (bred by 
 Gaptain Hartley, and was the dam of Danby Gade, 
 South, and Matchless) by Soreheels out of the 
 dam of Gaptain Hartley's blind stallion. Rachel 
 never raced, but was put to Spectator when only 
 three years old, and produced Marc Anthony her 
 first foal ; she was also the dam of the celebrated 
 horse Highflyer. Rachel died in the spring of 
 the year 1781, aged 18. Lord Egremont's bay 
 filly, Highflyer's only sister, at Nottingham, in 
 1783, after running about 200 yards, fell and dis- 
 located her hip, and died in about two hours. 
 
 Mambrino. a grey horse, foaled in 1768, bred 
 by John Atkinson, Esq. of Scholes, near Leeds, 
 Yorkshire, and sold after his decease, to Lord 
 Grosvenor. Mambrino was got by Engineer, out 
 of the Gade mare, the dam of Dulcinea, &c. 
 
 At Newmarket, Second Spring Meeting, (Mon- 
 day,) 1773, Mambrino beat Gronie, ditch in, 200 gs. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 549 
 
 On Wednesday, he won the 140 gs., and on Sa- 
 turday, he won a subscription of 25 gs. each, (six 
 subscribers, B. C.) In the Second October Meet- 
 ing, Mambrino won a sweepstakes of 500 gs. each, 
 h. ft. B. C, and on Friday, he won a subscription 
 of 10 gs. each, D. C. In the Houghton Meeting, 
 Mambrino won a sweepstakes of 500 gs. each, h. 
 ft. B, C. 
 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting 1774, 
 Mambrino was beat, for the first time, with great 
 difficulty, by Pyrrhus, six years old, 8st. each, B. 
 C. 200 gs. He started only once, besides the above, 
 that year, when he was beat over B. C. by Pay- 
 master aged, to whom he allowed 71b. 
 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting 1775, Mam- 
 brino won the King's plate. In the Second Spring 
 Meeting he won the Jockey Club plate, B. C, 
 beating Trentham. Mambrino and Trentham ran 
 a dead heat, but they started again, when that 
 heat was won by the former, by about half a length. 
 In the first October Meeting, Mambrino won a 
 sweepstakes of 300 gs. 
 
 At Newmarket, First Spring Meeting 1776, 
 Mambrino received forfeit from Narcissus, B. C. 
 500 gs. h. ft., and in the Second Spring Meeting, 
 from Marc Anthony B. C. 500 gs. h. ft. In the 
 Second October Meeting, Mambrino w^on a sub- 
 scription of 10 gs. each, D. C. ; and in the Hough- 
 ton Meeting, he won the 50 gs. plate. At New- 
 market, First October Meeting, 1777, Mambrino 
 stood matched against Shark, for the Whip and 
 
550 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 200 gs. each, lOst. B. C. Lord Grosvenor paid 100 
 gs. compromise, and kept the whip. In the Spring 
 of that year, he was advertised for a stalUon at 
 Oxcroft Farm, near Balsham, Cambridgeshire ; 
 the same place as Sweetbriar, Gimcrack, Sweet- 
 William &c., to cover thirty mares, besides those 
 of his owner, at 10 gs. and \0s. 6d. 
 
 Mambrino was again trained for the Newmarket 
 Craven Stakes, in March 1779, but broke down 
 in running, and was obliged to be again put out of 
 training. He was that year a stallion at the same 
 place, until 1781, when he covered at 5 gs. and 
 ]0s. 6d, In 1784, he covered at 15 gs. and iOs. 6d 
 in 1787 and 1788 at 10 gs. and lO^. 6d. 
 
 Mambrino was beat only four times, viz : once 
 each by Pyrrhus, Paymaster, Pampkin, and 
 Woodpecker. He paid the following forfeits, viz : 
 50 gs. to Florizel ; 500 gs. to Pumpkin ; 250 gs. 
 in a stakes to Pulpe and Firetail ; and 100 gs. to 
 Shark. 
 
 Mambrino was sire of Lord Grosvenor's Carlo, 
 Khan, Grantham, Marcella, Rosaline, Amadis, Eg- 
 bert, Tratarantangtang, Grey Gawkey, &c. He was 
 also sire of his R. H. the Prince of Wales's Cham- 
 bose, of Mr. Bullock's Messenger, Mr. Hale's 
 Camel, Lord Derby's Nutmeg, Mr. Vernon's Eve, 
 Mr. Crowder's Dimple, Lord Donegal's Primrose, 
 Lord Belfast's Forrester, and Sir John Lade's Guil- 
 ford and Fordham. 
 
 Mambrino was likewise sire of a great many ex- 
 cellent hunters, and strong useful road horses. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 551 
 
 and it has been said, that from his blood the breed 
 of horses for the coach was brought nearly to its 
 present state of perfection. 
 
 Sweet- Willi AM. A bay horse, foaled in 1768, 
 bred by William Comforth, Esq., of Barforth, near 
 Richmond, Yorkshire, sold to Lord Viscount Bo- 
 lingbroke and afterwards to Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 At Newmarket, Second Spring Meeting, 1772, 
 Sweet- William won a sweepstakes of 100 gs. B. C. 
 Sweet- William was sold to Lord Grosvenor, and at 
 Burford, July 20th, he won a sweepstakes of 25 gs. 
 each, 42 subscribers. At Shrewsbury, Septem- 
 ber 8th. he won a sweepstakes of 25 gs. each, 
 eight subscribers. 
 
 At Newmarket, Second Spring Meeting, 1773, 
 Sweet- William beat Ancaster, 8st. 31b. B. C. 500 
 gs., two to one on Sweet- William. In the First 
 October Meeting, he won a subscription of 20 gs. 
 each. In the Second October Meeting, he re- 
 ceived forfeit from Chalkstone, B.C. 200 gs. h. 
 ft. And on Friday he beat Priestless, B. C. 300 
 gs. In the Houghton Meeting, Sweet- William beat 
 Paoh, B. C. 200 gs. At Newmarket Craven Meet- 
 ing 1774, Sweet-William won the Craven Stakes, 
 25 subs. In the Second Spring Meeting, he 
 walked over for the 140 gs. B. C. In the Second 
 October Meeting, he walked over for the 140 
 gs. B. C. 
 
 At Newmarket, First Spring Meeting 1775, 
 Sweet-William beat Transit, B. C. for the whip. 
 
552 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 and 200 gs. each. In the Second Spring Meeting, 
 he received forfeit from Alexis, D. C, 300 gs. h. ft. 
 In the Houghton Meeting, he received from Post- 
 master, B. C. 500 gs. h. ft. At Newmarket Cra- 
 ven Meeting, 1776, Sweet-WilHam won a sweep- 
 stakes of 300 gs. each, h. ft. B. C. In the First 
 Spring Meeting, Sweet-WilHam beat Critic, B. C, 
 Lord Grosvenor staked 600 gs. to 400 gs. In the 
 Second Spring Meeting, he received forfeit from 
 Masquerade, R. M. 500 gs. h. ft. In the First 
 October Meeting, Lord Grosvenor named Sweet- 
 WiUiam for the cup, but no other being mentioned, 
 the same remained with his Lordship. 
 
 He started twice after, and was then put out of 
 training. Sweet-WiUiam is said to have won in 
 stakes, matches, and received in forfeits, the sum 
 of 7,235 gs.; he lost in stakes 300 gs. and was beat 
 only four times, by Maria, Florizel, Dorimant and 
 Leviathan ; he paid 50 gs. in a stake walked over 
 by Jemmy, 50 gs. compromise to Angar, and 100 
 gs. forfeit, being named for the Clermont cup, 
 walked over by Dorimant. Total of his winning, 
 6,705 gs. ; the whip and October cup. 
 
 He was a stallion at Oxcroft farm, near Balsham 
 Cambridgeshire, in 1778, 1779, and 1780, at 10 gs. 
 and 55 ; in 1781, at 5 gs. and 10^. 6d ; in 1782 and 
 1783 at 15 gs ; in 1784, 1785 and 1786, at 10 gs. 
 and IO5 6d ; he afterwards covered a season at 
 Mr. Clark's, the New Inn, Leeming Lane, York- 
 shire, at 5 gs, and IO5. 6d, 
 
BRITISH TUR['\ 553 
 
 FiRETAiL. A bay horse, foaled in 1769, bred 
 by the Earl of Oxford, sold to Christopher Blake, 
 Esq., and afterwards to the Hon. Edward Foley. 
 Firetail was got by Squirrel out of Jett. 
 
 At Newmarket Craven Meeting, 1772, Firetail 
 beat Woodbine, 300 gs. In the First Spring 
 Meeting, he received forfeit from Flippanta, R. M. 
 500 gs. h. ft. In the First October Meeting, Fire- 
 tail received forfeit from Milliner, ditch in, 500 gs. 
 h. ft. ; and on Tuesday he won £50. At New- 
 market Craven Meeting, 1773, Firetail won the 
 Craven stakes from the ditch to the turn of the 
 lands. In the First Spring Meeting, he won a 
 Post sweepstakes of 1,250 gs. On Wednesday, he 
 beat Pumpkin, 8st. each, R. M. 500 gs. This 
 race is said to have been run in one minute, four se- 
 conds and a half; and on Saturday, he won the For- 
 tescue stakes of 30 gs. each. In the Second Spring 
 Meeting, he received 60 gs. compromise from 
 Priestless, B. C. 500 gs. 
 
 Firetail was then sold to Mr. Folev ; and at 
 Burford, July 22nd. he won sweepstakes of 200 
 gs. each. At New^market Second Spring Meeting 
 1774, Firetail w^alked over B. C. for a sweepstakes 
 of 300 gs. each, h. ft. On Saturday after the 
 meeting, Firetail received forfeit from Sweetbriar, 
 B. C. 300 gs. h. ft. In the First October Meeting, 
 Firetail won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, h. ft. 
 B, C. In the Second October Meeting, Firetail 
 and Pulpe received forfeit from Mambrmo, B. C. 
 
554 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 500 gs. h. ft. Lord Clermont dividing the forfeit. 
 And on Saturday, Firetail beat Johnny B. C. 300 
 gs. ; two to one on Johnny. 
 
 Jett, dam of Firetail, was a black mare, foaled 
 in 1 757, and bred by Lord Orford. She was got 
 by Othello, alias Black-and-all- black; her dam, 
 Lucifer and Matron's dam, by Mr. Bartlett's Chil- 
 ders ; grandam, out of a daughter of Mr. Curwen's 
 bay barb. 
 
 Johnny. A bay horse, foaled in 1769, bred by 
 William Cornforth, Esq., of Barforth, Yorkshire, 
 and sold to the Earl of Clermont. Johnny was 
 got by Match'em ; his dam by Babram ; grandam 
 by Partner ; great grandam by Bloody Buttocks, 
 a daughter of Old Greyhound, out of Brocklesby 
 Betty. 
 
 At Newmarket, Second October Meeting, 1773, 
 Johnny beat Don Carlos, B. C, 200 gs. On Fri- 
 day he w^on a subscription of 5 gs. each. In the 
 Houghton Meeting, Johnny beat David, B. C, 
 200 gs. At Newmarket First October Meeting, 
 1775, he received 80 gs. compromise from Hiber- 
 nian, across the flat, 200 gs., h. ft. In November, 
 Johnny beat Wafer, from the ditch to the turn of 
 the lands, 100 gs. At Newmarket First Spring 
 Meeting, 1775, Johnny, 7st. 111b., beat Mr. 
 Foley's Firetail, 8st. 71b., B. C, 1000 gs. ; six 
 to four on Johnny. On Friday, Johnny, in a 
 sweepstakes of 100 gs., h. ft., ditch in, received 
 forfeit from Twirligig, 50 gs. In the Second 
 
BRITISIITURF. 555 
 
 Spring Meeting, Johnny won a sweepstakes of 
 200 gs. each, the last three miles, B. C, beating 
 Pumpkin. On the same day he received 20 gs. 
 compromise from Minion, 200 gs., h. ft. On 
 Tuesday, he beat Salopian, R. M., 200 gs. On 
 Thursday, he received 60 gs. compromise from 
 Archimedes, B, C, 100 gs. p. p., and on Satur- 
 day, Johnny beat Mareschal, B. C, 200 gs. He 
 also, on the same day, received 40 gs. compromise 
 from Papist, 200 gs., h. ft. At Newmarket, Sep- 
 tember 25th, he started for a match of 1000 gs. 
 against Shark, B. C, but fell in running, when 
 coming up the ditch hill. In the First October 
 Meeting, Johnny, in a sweepstakes of 300 gs, h. ft. 
 received forfeit from the Duke of Ancaster's Ja- 
 cinth and Mr. Greville's Postmaster ; Lord Gros- 
 venor's Sweet- William, aged, was allowed to with- 
 draw ; and on Friday, Johnny beat Margaretta 
 across the flat, 300 gs. In the Second October 
 Meeting, he beat Pontifex across the flat, 200 gs. 
 On the same day, he won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. 
 each, R. M. And on Saturday, he received forfeit 
 from Shark, 8st. 71b., R. M., 300 gs. p. p. At 
 Newmarket, October 30th, Johnny beat Bagdad, 
 R. M., 200 gs.; and on Saturday he was matched 
 to run Rowley's mile, in 1 minute and 35 seconds, 
 for 200 gs., p. p. ; Lord Clermont paid 50 gs. 
 compromise. The above were his only engage- 
 ments that year ; therefore, out of seventeen, he 
 w^on nine times, and received six forfeits and com- 
 
55G HISTORY OF THE 
 
 promises ; was once beat, when he fell in running; 
 against Shark, and paid one compromise against 
 time. At Newmarket First Spring Meeting. 1776, 
 Johnny beat Cincinnatiis, B. C, 500 gs. In the 
 Second Spring Meeting, he received 230 gs. com- 
 promise from Hudibras, 600 gs., h. ft. At New- 
 market, Johnny beat Black Tom, B. C. ; Lord 
 Clermont staked 500 gs., to 400 gs. On Satur- 
 day, Johnny received 20 gs. compromise from 
 GHmpse, B. C, 200 gs., h. ft. In the First Oc- 
 tober Meeting, Johnny won a sweepstakes of 300 
 gs. each, B, C; and in the Second October Meet- 
 ing, Johnny beat Sarpedon by Snap, 200 gs. He 
 was beat only once that year, which was by Sweet- 
 William, in the Craven Meeting, and paid forfeit 
 to Shark in the First October Meeting. 
 
 Johnny never raced but at Newmarket. He 
 died early in the spring of the year 1777. 
 
 Johnny is said to have won in stakes the 
 sum of 3,025 gs. ; in matches, 3,750 gs. ; and re- 
 ceiv^ed in forfeit and compromises 750 gs. ; total, 
 7,525 gs. 
 
 He was beat only five times, viz : in the First 
 October Meeting, 1773, the first time of his run- 
 ning, by Don Carlos, Firetail, &c. for the 100 gs. 
 plate, B. C. ; in the Second October Meeting, 
 1774, by Firetail, B. C, 300 gs. ; in the Houghton 
 Meeting, same year, by Enterprise, B. C, 100 gs. ; 
 October 25th, 1775, by Shark, B. C, 1000 gs., 
 Johnny fell ; and in the Craven Meeting, 1776, by 
 
BRITISH TURF. 55/ 
 
 Sweet- William, in a sweepstakes of 300 gs. each, 
 B. C. He lost 1,700 gs., and paid in forfeits and 
 compromises, 900 gs. ; total, 2,600 gs. The total 
 of Johnny's winnings, 4,925 gs. 
 
 Pumpkin. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1769, 
 bred by John Pratt, Esq., and sold to the Hon. 
 Mr. Foley. Pumpkin was own brother to Conun- 
 drum, Ranthos, Riddle, Miss Tims, Maiden, Ras- 
 selas, and Purity by Match'em, out of Mr. Pratt's 
 famous Old Squirt mare. 
 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 1772, 
 Pumpkin beat Mr. Ogilvy's Denmark, ditch in, 
 500 gs. This was said to be one of the finest 
 races ever run, being won by only half a neck. 
 Denmark was the favourite at starting, at very 
 high odds, and continued so in running till they 
 came to the last half distance. He also received 
 forfeit from Fogram, R. M., 200 gs., p. p. In the 
 Second Spring Meeting, Pumpkin beat Lady Ab- 
 bess, R. M. 200 gs. In the First October Meet- 
 ing, he beat Papillon, ditch in, 100 gs. In the 
 Houghton Meeting, he beat Firetail, 8st. each, 
 ditch in, 1000 gs. At Newmarket, November 7th, 
 he beat Conductor, ditch in, 500 gs. At New- 
 market First Spring Meeting, 1773, Pumpkin won 
 a sweepstakes of 100 gs. and a hogshead of claret 
 each, B. C. In the Second Spring Meeting, he 
 beat Ainderby, B. C, 200 gs. At Burford, in July, 
 he won a sweepstakes of 25 gs. each, thirty-three 
 subscribers, four miles. In the first October 
 
5 58 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Meeting, he won the cup and 200 gs. each, B. C. 
 In the Houghton Meeting, Pumpkin received 
 200 gs. compromise from Lord Clermont, who 
 had the choice of six colts, sealed up, ditch in, 
 500 gs., h. ft. At Newmarket First Spring Meet- 
 ing, 1774, Pumpkin beat Evergreen, 8st. 71b. each, 
 B. C, 300 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, he 
 received 275 gs. He also,, at 8st., received forfeit 
 from Mambrino, B. C, 1000 gs. h. ft. In the 
 First October Meeting, he beat Chalkstone, B. C, 
 500 gs. At Newmarket, First Spring Meeting, 
 Monday, 1775, Pumpkin beat Takmahaka, B. C. 
 500 gs. On Saturday, in the same meeting, he 
 beat Harapha, B. C, 200 gs.; and on the same 
 day he beat Braganza, B. C, 100 gs. At New- 
 market, First October Meeting, 1776, Pumpkin 
 won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, B. C, beating 
 Mambrino and Trentham. And on Saturday, he 
 received 50 gs. compromise from Amethyst, 200 
 gs., h. ft. 
 
 Pumpkin started twenty-four times, out of 
 which he won sixteen. The sums he won and 
 received amounted to 9,1 50 gs., and he lost 3,060 
 gs. Total of his winnings, 6,090 gs., besides nine 
 hogsheads of claret, and the Newmarket October 
 cup, value 100 gs. and upwards. He was beat 
 once by each of the following horses, &c., viz : by 
 Firetail, Augur, Rarity, Mareschal, Priestess, 
 Johnny, Maiden, and Fireaway. 
 
 Pumpkin was a stallion at Rushbrook, near 
 
BRITISH TURF. 559 
 
 Bury, SufFolk, in 1777-78, at 10 gs. and 5s.; in 
 1779-80, at 5 gs. and 55. ; in 1789, at the Green 
 Farm, three miles from Stoney Stratford, Bucks, 
 at 5 gs. and 5^. ; and in 1792, at Highflyer Hall, 
 near Ely, Cambridgeshire, at 2 gs. and 25. 6d. 
 
 SwEETBRiAR. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1769, 
 bred by Mr. Thomas Meredith, and sold to Lord 
 Grosvenor. Sweetbriar was got by Syphon, his 
 dam by Shakspeare out of Miss Meredith, the dam 
 of Wildman's Tartar, etc. 
 
 At Newmarket First October Meeting, 1773, 
 Sweetbriar won a sweepstakes of 50 gs. each, h. 
 ft., B. C. |In the Second October Meeting, he 
 beat Chalkstone, B. C. ; Lord Grosvenor staked 
 1000 gs. to 500 gs. ; three to one on Sweetbriar. 
 In the Houghton Meeting, at 8st. 61b., he beat 
 Porsenna, B. C. ; Lord Grosvenor staked 650 gs. 
 to 400 gs. At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 
 1774, Sweetbriar, in a sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, 
 h. ft., B. C., received forfeit from Prudence and 
 Damper. And on Saturday, beat Chalkstone, 
 B. C, 1000 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, 
 he beat Mr. Foley's Firetail, 8st. each, B. C, 1000 
 gs. ; three to one on Sweetbriar. On Wednesday, 
 in the First October Meeting, he won the 140 gs. 
 B. C, beating Lamplighter ; and on Friday, he 
 won a subscription of 20 gs. each. At Newmarket 
 First October Meeting, 1775, Sweetbriar walked 
 over for the cup, and 200 gs. each, for horses, &c., 
 B. C, which was his last engagement, and the only 
 one that year 
 
560 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Sweetbriar was never beat, and paid only three 
 forfeits, viz : 50 gs. in a stakes, won by Paymas- 
 ter ; 150 gs. to Firetail, to whom he was to have 
 allowed 8lb. ; and 150 gs. in a stakes won by 
 Pulpe, beating Firetail. 
 
 Sweetbriar was a stallion in Lord Grosvenor's 
 stud, at Oxcroft Farm, near Balsham, Cambridge- 
 shire, in 1777, at 25 gs. and 5^. ; 1778-79, at 30 
 gs. and \0s. 6d. ; in 1780, he was a private stal- 
 lion ; in 1781, at 25 gs. and JOs. 6d. ; in 1782, at 
 10 gs. and 10^. 6d. ; in 1783-86, at 15 gs. and 
 10^. 6d. He was sold by auction at Tattersal's, 
 in March, 1790, for 20 gs. In 1794, he covered 
 at Mr. Bott's farm, at Totteridge, near Barnet, 
 Herts, at 5 gs. and 5s. He served but few mares 
 besides Lord Grosvenor's. 
 
 Sweetbriar was sii'e of the following winners, 
 viz : 
 
 Assassin, Lord Egremont. 
 Bramble, Mr. Panton. 
 Briar, Mr. Douglas. 
 Chaperon, Lord Stowell 
 Chocolate, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Czar, Mr. Douglas-. 
 Le Boo, Duke of Devonshire. 
 Lively, Mr. Golding. 
 Premier, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Racer, Lord Grosvenor 
 RoUa, Sir F. Standish. 
 Rose, Lord Derby. 
 Dancer, Duke of Grafton. 
 Dancer, Lord Grosvenor 
 Diadem, Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Duster, Duke of Grafton. 
 Exciseman, Mr. O'Kelly. 
 Gayman, Mr. Wyndham. 
 Hare, Mr. Gurdler. 
 Hocks, Mr. Cookson. 
 Lawnsleeves, Mr. Davis. 
 Savage, Mr. Bullock. 
 Shift, Mr. Douglas. 
 Smock, Mr. Davis. 
 Sunflower, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Sweetmarjoram, Sir C. Bunbury. 
 Sweet Reseda, Mr. Bott. 
 Swe^t Robin, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Thorn, Mr. Panton. 
 Violet, Mr. Sulsh. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 561 
 
 Shark. A brown horse, foaled in 1771, bred 
 by, and the property of, Charles Pigott, Esq. 
 Shark was got by Marsk ; his dam by Snap ; 
 grandam, (Warwickshire Wag's dam,) by Marlbo- 
 rough, out of a natural barb mare. Shark was his 
 dam's first produce. 
 
 At Newmarket First October Meeting, 1774, 
 Shark beat Postmaster, ditch in, 500 gs. On 
 Monday, in the Second October Meeting, he re- 
 ceived forfeit from Prior, ditch in, 200 gs., h. ft. ; 
 and on Tuesday, he beat Jacinth, ditch in, 300 gs. 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 1775, Shark 
 won a sweepstakes of 201) gs. each, h. ft., ten 
 subscribers, ditch in. On Monday, in the Second 
 Spring Meeting, he received forfeit from Lady 
 Squander, ditch in, 300 gs., h, ft. On Tuesday, 
 he walked over B. C. for the Clermont cup, value 
 120 gs., and 100 gs. On Friday, he walked over 
 B. C. for a subscription of 25 gs. each, thirteen 
 subscribers ; and on Monday, after the meeting, 
 he beat Cincinnatus across the flat, 500 gs. At 
 Newmarket, September 25th, he beat Johnny, 
 B. C, 1000 gs. ; Johnny fell in coming up the 
 ditch hill. At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 
 1776, Shark beat Postmaster, 8st. each, R. M., 
 1000 gs. In the Second Spring Meeting, he won 
 a sweepstakes of 1000 gs. each, B. C, and beat 
 Rake across the flat, 1000 gs. After the meeting 
 he beat Leviathan, B. C, 500 gs. In the July 
 Meeting he received forfeit from Critic, B. C. 
 
 VOL. 1. 
 
562 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 1000 gs., h. ft. On Monday, in the First October 
 Meeting, he received forfeit from Johnny, 500 gs., 
 h. ft. On Friday, he beat Fireaway, R. M., 300 
 gs. In the Second October Meeting, he walked 
 over B. C. for the 140 gs. At Newmarket First 
 Spring Meeting, Shark received forfeit from Le- 
 viathan, B. C, 500 gs. On Saturday, at 8st. 71b., 
 he beat, again, Leviathan, 8st. B. C, 1000 gs. In 
 the July Meeting, Shark beat Hephestion, ditch in, 
 500 gs. ; and won the subscription plate of 92 gs., 
 ditch in. In the First October Meeting, he re- 
 ceived 100 gs. compromise from Mambrino, B. C, 
 for the whip and 200 gs. each ; Lord Grosvenor 
 kept the whip. At Newmarket First Spring 
 Meeting, 1778, Shark beat Nutcracker, R. M., 
 200 gs., and in the Spring Meeting, he won the 
 whip and 200 gs. each, B. C, beating Dorimant. 
 
 Shark had thirty-six engagements ; he started 
 twenty-nine times, out of which he won nineteen ; 
 he received six forfeits, and paid four forfeits and a 
 compromise. He won, besides the Clermont cup 
 value 120 gs., eleven hogsheads of Claret and the 
 whip, the sum of 16,057 gs., in plates, sweepstakes, 
 and forfeits ; which was more money than any 
 other horse ever won. He lost and paid 3,990 gs. 
 Total of winning, including the value of the Cler- 
 mont cup, 12,187 gs. 
 
 Shark was a stalUon in 1779 at Chesterton Hall, 
 near Sutton, Huntingdonshire, at 25 gs. and \0s. 
 6d. ; in 1780 at Alwalton Lodge, near Stilton, at 
 20 gs. and IO5. 6d. ; in 1781 at the same place, 
 
BRITISH TURF. 563 
 
 at 10 gs. and lOs. 6d. ; in 1782 at Mr. Blake's, 
 at Beddington, near Croydon, Surrey, at lOgs. and 
 lOs. 6d. ; in 1783 at the same place at 15 gs. and 
 105. 6d. ; in 1784 at 10 gs. and lOs. 6d. ; in 1785 
 at Mr. Glenton's, Boroughb ridge, Yorkshire, at 
 10 gs. and lOs. 6d., and afterwards at 5 gs. and 
 5^. This celebrated horse was about sixteen hands 
 high. 
 
 Young Marsk. A brown horse, foaled in 1771, 
 bred by Edw^ard Cross, Esq., sold to the Duke of 
 Grafton and afterwards to James Hutton, Esq., of 
 Aldburgh, near Bedale, Yorkshire. Young Marsk 
 was got by Marsk out of Juniper's dam, by Blank. 
 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 1775, 
 Young Marsk won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, 
 h. ft. Young Marsk dislocated one of his fetlock 
 joints, when they had a quarter of a mile to run, 
 which he won in that condition. This was the 
 only time of his public racing. 
 
 A few days before running, 750 gs. was refused 
 for him, and after he was lamed, it was said that 
 800 gs., was offered for him to go into Ireland for 
 a stallion, but was not accepted. He was after- 
 wards sold to Mr. Hutton, w^ho named him Young 
 Marsk, and he became a stalUon at Mr. Barugh's, 
 York Gate, Leeming Lane, near Boroughbridge, 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 In 1 782 he covered at 10 gs. and 10^. 6d. ; in 
 1783 at 5 gs. and 5s. He afterwards covered at 
 Aldburgh, near Bedale, Yorkshire, at 5 gs. and 5s, ; 
 
 o o 2 
 
564 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 in 1789 at 21 gs. ; in 1790, 1791, 1792, and 
 1793 at 10 gs. and IO5. 6d. ; in 1794 at 21 gs. ; 
 in 1795 and 1796 at 10 gs. and \0s. 6d. ; in 1797 
 &c., twelve mares besides those of his owner at 
 21 gs. He, as well as his sire, got several very 
 speedy horses. 
 
 Young Marsk died at Aldburgh, near Bedale 
 Masham, and Ripon, Yorkshire, when the pro- 
 perty of Mr. Hutton, on the 28th of October, 
 1800, aged twenty-nine. 
 
 DoRiMANT. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1772, bred 
 by, and the property of, the Earl of Ossory. Dori- 
 mant was got by Otho, his dam by Babram, out 
 of the Duke of Somerset's Chiddy. 
 
 At Newmarket July Meeting, 1775, Dorimant 
 won a sweepstakes of 100 gs. each, h. ft. In the 
 First October Meeting, he won a sweepstakes of 
 100 gs. each, h. ft., ditch in. At Newmarket 
 First Spring Meeting, 1776, Dorimant won a 
 sweepstakes of 100 gs. each p. p., 52 subscribers, 
 B. C, eighteen horses started. On Thursday, he 
 walked over for a sweepstakes of 25 gs. each, ten 
 subscribers of their own breed ; and on Saturday 
 he won the Fortescue stakes of 30 gs. each, twelve 
 subscribers, ditch in. On Mondav in the Second 
 Spring Meeting he beat Critic, B. C, 500 gs. On 
 Wednesday he received 120 gs. compromise from 
 Beelzebub, by Le Sang, B. C, 300 gs., h. ft. ; and 
 on the same day he walked over for the Clermont 
 cup value 120 gs. and 100 gs. each. On Tuesday 
 
BRITISH TURF. 565 
 
 in the July Meeting he won the Grosvenor stakes 
 of 25 gs. each, twenty-two suhscribers, B. C. On 
 Wednesday, he won the 89 gs. plate, ditch in, 
 beating Shark and others ; five to four on Shark, 
 three to one against Dorimant. On Monday, in 
 the First October Meeting, he won the renewed 
 1,400 gs., a subscription of 200 gs. each h. ft., 
 eight subscribers, B. C. ; and on Friday he won a 
 subscription of 20 gs. each, thirteen subscribers, 
 R. C. At Newmarket Craven Meeting, 1777, 
 Dorimant won a sweepstakes of 300 gs. each, h. ft., 
 B. C. In the First Spring Meeting he w^as named 
 for the 140 gs., won by Garrick, but received 90 
 gs. to withdraw. In the July Meeting, he won a 
 subscription of 25 gs. each, six subscribers. At 
 York August Meeting, he won the subscription 
 purse of £368 10^. At Newmarket First October 
 Meeting, he walked over for the cup, B. C. On 
 Wednesday in the Second October Meeting, he 
 won the 140 gs. B. C., beating Shark and four 
 others ; and on Thursday he won a subscription of 
 10 gs. each, eighteen subscribers, D. C. At New- 
 market Second Spring Meeting, 1778, Dorimant 
 won a subscription of 25 gs. each, B. C. At Ox- 
 ford, July 21, he won the cup value 100 gs. and 
 240 gs. in specie, four miles beating Pot-8o's and 
 a large field. At Newmarket Second Spring 
 Meeting, 1779, Dorimant won the Jockey Club 
 plate, B. C. On Saturday in the same meeting, 
 he was beat by Highflyer, beating Dictator ; Shark 
 
566 HISTORY CF THE 
 
 paid. This -^as the last time but one of his running-. 
 He served Zephyr that year (who produced Dryad 
 in 1780) after which he was again put into training, 
 Dorimant was beat eight times, viz : in the 
 Second Spring Meeting, 1776, by King Pepin for 
 a Subscription of 25 gs. each B. C. ; in the Second 
 Spring ^Meeting, 1777, by Masquerade for Lord 
 Craven's plate across the flat ; by Pilot and Maiden 
 (given his year,) for the subscription purse at York; 
 in the Second Spring Meeting, 1778, by Shark, 
 for the whip ; in the First October Meeting, by 
 Pastorella and Comet for the 140 gs., B. C. ; in 
 the Second October fleeting, by Dictator and 
 Pot-8o's, for the 140 gs., B. C. ; in the Second 
 Spring Meeting, 1779, by Highflyer, in a stakes 
 of 200 gs. each, B. C, beating Dictator; in the 
 Second Spring ^Meeting, 1780, by Pot-8o's and 
 King Fergus, for the 140 gs., B. C. He paid one 
 forfeit of 100 gs. in a stakes won by Woodpecker, 
 in the First Spring fleeting, 1780. 
 
 Dorimant won and received in stakes, matches, 
 &c., the sum of 12,0.50 gs., besides the Clermont 
 cup value 120 gs., the October cup value 125 gs., 
 the Jockey Club plate at Newmarket, and the 
 cup at Oxford value 100 gs. He lost and paid 
 the sum of 325 gs. Total, including the value of 
 the cups, 12,070 gs., exclusive of the Jockey Club 
 plate, which was 117 gs. short of the total sum won 
 by Shark. 
 
 Dorimant w^as a stallion at Ampthill Park, Bed- 
 
BRITISH TURF. 567 
 
 fordsliire, the same place as Otho and Coxcomb ; 
 in 1781-82, &c., at 5 gs. and lOs. 6d. ; in 1786 
 forty mares at 7 gs. and lOs. 6d. and afterwards 
 at 5 gs. and lOs. 6d, 
 
 PoT-8o's. A chesnut horse, foaled in 1773, 
 bred by the Earl of Abingdon, and sold to Lord 
 Grosvenor. Pot-8o's was got by Eclipse, out of 
 Sportmistress. 
 
 At Newmarket, First Spring Meeting, 1776, 
 Pot-8o's w^on a sweepstakes of 100 gs. each. 
 At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 1777, Pot- 
 8o's ran second to Yellow Jack, for the Claret 
 stakes ; and in the same year, was beat by Grey 
 Robin, Cannibal and Country Squire. At New- 
 market, First Spring Meeting, 1778, Pot-8o's 
 w^on a subscription of 100 gs. each, eight sub- 
 scribers, R. C. beating Grey Robin, and Titan; 
 eleven to five on Pot-8o's.* In the Second Spring 
 Meeting he won the 140 gs. B. C. At Ipswich, he 
 walked over for a subscription of 25 gs. each. At 
 SwafFham, he w^on £50. At Newmarket second Oc- 
 tober Meeting, he won a subscription of 5 gs. each, 
 13 subs. B. C. beating Laburnum, &c. At New- 
 market First Spring Meeting, 1779, Pot-8o's won 
 
 * A few days pre\'ious to the above race. Lord Abingdon had inti- 
 mated an intention to sell some of his horses, and during the time of 
 running. Lord Grosvenor came up to Lord Abingdon on the course, 
 and asked the price of Pot-8o's. His Lordship set him at 1500 gs. 
 and said the purchaser should have the chance of the race. Lord 
 Grosvenor immediately struck the bargain, and in a few minutes 
 after, Pot-8o's won the stakes 
 
568 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 £50, D. C, and in the Second Spring Meeting, he 
 walked over B. C for the Clermont cup. On 
 Wednesday he won the 140 gs. B. C. On Satur- 
 day he won a subscription of 25 gs. each, B. C. 
 In the First October Meeting he walked over B. 
 C. for the cup for four years olds and upwards. 
 In the Second October Meeting, he won a sweep- 
 stakes of 300 gs. each, 100 gs. ft. B. C, and the 
 140 gs. B. C. At Newmarket Second Spring 
 Meeting, 1780, Pot-8o's, Laburnum and Magog, 
 in a sweepstakes of 200gs. each, B. C, Laburnum 
 walked over, and divided the stakes with Pot-8o's. 
 On Tuesday he walked over B. C. for the Cler- 
 mont cup. On Wednesday, he won the 140 gs. 
 On Thursday, he won the Jockey Club purse, B. C. 
 In the First October Meeting he walked over B. C. 
 for the cup. In the Second October Meeting he won 
 a sweepstakes 200 gs. each, h. ft. B. C, and walk- 
 ed over B. C, for the 140 gs., besides winning a 
 subscription of 1 gs. each, 1 5 subscribers, D. C. At 
 Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 1781, Pot-8o's 
 won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, h. ft. seven 
 subscribers, B. C, ; in the Second Spring Meeting, 
 he walked over B. C. for the Jockey Club purse ; 
 and won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. each, h. ft. four 
 subscribers. The same meeting Lord Grosvenor 
 challenged for the whip, and named Pot-8o's. 
 But the challenge not being accepted, the whip 
 was dehvered to his Lordship. In the First Oc- 
 tober Meeting, he received 230 gs. compromise 
 from Dictator, B. C, 500 gs. h. ft. and was named 
 
BRITISH TURF. 569 
 
 for the 140 gs. B. C. against Hollandoise,^^ &c., and 
 received 85 gs. to withdraw. At Newmarket 
 Craven Meeting, 1782, Pot-8o's won the Craven 
 stakes, beating Hollandoise ; six to four against Pot- 
 8o's, six to one against Hollandoise. In the First 
 Spring Meeting he won £50, beating Laburnum, 
 &c. And in the Second Spring Meeting walked 
 over B. C, for the Clermont cup, and again 
 for the 140 gs. ; he also won the Jockey Club 
 purse, a subscription of 25 gs. each, B. C. 
 At Newmarket Second Spring Meeting, 1783, Pot- 
 8o's beat Nottingham, B. C. for the whip and 
 200 gs. 
 
 Pot-8o's was a stallion at Oxcroft farm near Bal- 
 sham, Cambridgeshire, (the same place as Sweet- 
 briar, Mambrino, Sweet-William, Justice and Pro- 
 tector.) In 1784, he covered at 5 gs. and \0s. 6d. 
 In 1783-1788, at 10 gs. and 10^. 6d. In 1789, 
 &c., twenty mares besides those of his owner, at 
 21 gs. In 1796, ten mares besides those of his 
 owner, at the same price, and afterwards at the 
 Upper Hare Park, near Newmarket, ten mares 
 besides those of his owner, at 10 gs. and \0s. 6d. 
 He served very few mares besides Lord Grosve- 
 nor's. 
 
 Pot-8o's died in Mr. Golding's stud, the Upper 
 Hare Park, early in November, 1800, aged 27. 
 
 The following winners were got by this cele- 
 brated horse : — 
 
 * The first winner of the St. Leger, in 1778. 
 
570 
 
 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Alderman, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Asparagus, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Aurora, Mr. Galway. 
 Bugbear, Duke of Grafton. 
 Canterbury, Lord Grovenor. 
 Capsicom, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Cayenne, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Champion, Mr. Wilson. 
 Chegwell, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Coaxer, Mr. Golding. 
 Coheiress, Mr. Goodrick. 
 Confidence, Mr. Goodison. 
 Corriander, Mr. Dawson. 
 Crazy Jane, Mr. Concannous. 
 Cynthius, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Dr. O'Liffly, Sir W. W. Wynne. 
 Doricles, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Doubtful, Lord Sonde. 
 Druid, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Duchess of Limbs, Sir F Pooles. 
 Edwin, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Emma, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Enchanter, Lord Sackville. 
 Faunus, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Flea, Lord Grosvenor, 
 Galloper, Mr. Wyndham. 
 Golden Dab, Sir T. Mostyn, 
 Golden Rod, Duke of Bedford 
 Gumcistus, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Grey, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Humming Bird, Gen. Grosvenor. 
 Jack, Mr. Abbey. 
 Kidney, Lord Derby. 
 Lady, Mr. Panton. 
 Lambourn, Mr. Harris's. 
 Lampedo, Mr. Golding. 
 Lilliput Lord Grosvenor. 
 
 Missletoe, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Miss George, his R. H. the Duke 
 
 of York. 
 Mrs. Clark, Mr. Haworth. 
 MoUy Maybush, Mr. E. Dilly. 
 Nightshade, Lord Egremont. 
 Old Port, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Ohver, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Outcast, Mr. Blagrove. 
 Parsnip, Mr Clifton. 
 Parasol, Duke of Grafton. 
 Parsley, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Polyanthus, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Radish, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Roland, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Roxalama, H. R, H. the Duke of 
 
 York. 
 Schedoni, Mr. Heathcote. 
 Scrub, Mr. Cookson 
 Smack, Sir C. Bunbury. 
 SnufF-Box, Mr. Grisewood. 
 Stag Hunter, Mr. Nottage, 
 Telescope, Mr. Goodrick. 
 Thereabouts, Mr. H. Sitwell. 
 Tiney, H. R. H. the P. of Wales. 
 Trifle, Lord Donegall. 
 Trip- it. Lord Grosvenor. 
 Triptolemus, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Turnip, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Turnip-top, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Tyrant, Duke of Grafton. 
 Vesper, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Vixen, Mr. Golding. 
 Warwick, Lord Grosvenor. 
 Waxey, Sir F. Poole. 
 Whim, Lord Grosvenor, 
 Worthy, Sir F. Poole. 
 
 Which won as follows : — 
 

 
 BRITISH TURF. 
 
 £. 
 
 9. 
 
 In 1788 
 
 4 Winners won 
 
 1,817 
 
 
 
 1789 
 
 7 
 
 
 2,790 
 
 15 
 
 1790 
 
 10 
 
 
 5,053 
 
 
 
 1791 
 
 6 
 
 
 1,450 
 
 
 
 1792 
 
 10 
 
 
 5,657 
 
 
 
 1793 
 
 16 
 
 
 11,248 
 
 10 
 
 1794 
 
 19 
 
 
 8,351 
 
 15 
 
 1795 
 
 15 
 
 
 3,427 
 
 10 
 
 1796 
 
 15 
 
 
 3,864 
 
 1 
 
 1797 
 
 10 
 
 
 1,907 
 
 5 
 
 1798 
 
 9 
 
 
 1,427 
 
 
 
 1799 
 
 7 
 
 
 1,727 
 
 10 
 
 1800 
 
 8 
 
 
 4,507 
 
 
 
 1801 
 
 9 
 
 
 1,452 
 
 5 
 
 1802 
 
 6 
 
 
 1,778 
 
 
 
 1803 
 
 8 
 
 
 1,127 
 
 15 
 
 1804 
 
 5 
 
 
 2,009 
 
 5 
 
 1805 
 
 4 
 
 
 950 
 
 11 
 
 1806 
 
 2 
 
 
 1,016 
 
 5 
 
 1807 
 
 1 Winner won 
 
 199 
 
 10 
 
 1808 
 
 1 
 
 »* 
 
 210 
 
 
 
 571 
 
 In 21 yrs. 172 Winners won 61,971 17 
 
 Sportsmistress, dam to Pot-So's, a chesnut 
 mare, foaled in 1765, was bred by Lord Craven, 
 and sold to the Earl of Abingdon. She was got 
 by Sportsman out of Goldenlocks. Goldenlocks 
 was a chesnut mare, foaled in 1758, and bred by 
 Lord Craven. She was got by Oronooko ; her 
 dam by Crab ; grandam by Partner, out of Mr. 
 Waite's dun mare, by the Ancaster Turk. 
 
 Sportsman was got by Cade, out of Silvertail. 
 
 Highflyer. — A bay horse, foaled in 1774, bred 
 by Sir Charles Bunbury, Bart., and sold to Lord 
 
572 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 Viscount Bolingbroke, and afterwards to Mr. 
 Richard Tattersall. Highflyer was got by King 
 Herod out of Rachael, (the darn of Marc Anthony) 
 by Blank ; her dam by Regulus ; grandam by Sore- 
 heels (which mare was the dam of Matchless, &c.,) 
 out of Sir Ralph Milbank's black mare, the dam 
 of Hartley's blind horse. 
 
 At Newmarket Second October Meeting, High- 
 flyer won a sweepstakes of 100 gs., ditch in ; four 
 to one against Highflyer, who was much out of 
 condition. At Newmarket Second Spring Meet- 
 ing, 1778, Highflyer won a sweepstakes of 100 gs. 
 twenty-six subscribers.^ B. C. ; six to four on 
 Highflyer. In the July Meeting, he won the 
 Grosvenor stakes of 25 gs. each, twenty-four sub- 
 scribers, B. C. ; four to one on Highflyer. In the 
 First October Meeting, he w^on the 1400 gs., 
 B. C, nine to one on Highflyer ; besides the 
 weights and scales of 100 gs. In the Second Oc- 
 tober Meeting he received forfeit in a Post stakes 
 of200gs. each, h. ft., five subscribers, B. C. In 
 the Houghton Meeting he beat Dictator, B. C, 
 500 gs. ; two to one on Highflyer. At Newmarket 
 First Spring Meeting, 1779, Highflyer won a 
 sweepstakes of 300 gs., B. C. In the Second 
 Spring Meeting he won a sweepstakes of 200 gs. 
 each, B. C, beating Dorimant, aged, &c. ; four to 
 one on Highflyer. He was then sold to Mr. Tat- 
 tersall, and at Nottingham he walked over for a 
 
BRITISH TURF. 573 
 
 subscription of 10 gs. each, twenty-one subscribers, 
 with 70 gs. added. In the York August Meeting, 
 he walked over for the subscription purse of 
 £295, "^ four miles ; and the next day he won the 
 subscription purse of £295 ; twenty to one on 
 Highflyer. At Litchfield he won the King's purse 
 of 100 gs., three mile heats ; ten to one on High- 
 flyer, who was lame and much out of condition ; 
 notwithstanding which he won easy. 
 
 This was the last time of his running, and the 
 above were his only engagements ; therefore, he 
 was never beat, nor ever paid a forfeit, though the 
 contrary has been asserted. He was undoubtedly 
 the best horse of his time in England. The sums 
 he won and received amounted to upwards of 
 £9,336, although he never started after five years 
 old. 
 
 Highflyer then became a stallion at Ely, after- 
 wards called Highflyer Hall, Cambridgshire, where 
 he covered mares in 1780-87, at 15 gs. and one 
 guinea ; in 1789-90, at 25 gs. and one guinea ; in 
 1790-91, at 30 gs. and one guinea; in 1792, at 
 50 gs. and one guinea; and in 1793, at 30 gs. and 
 one guinea. He was a very valuable stallion, and 
 sire of an uncommon number of capital racers, stal- 
 lions, and brood mares, several of whose pedigrees, 
 
 * Mr. Tattersall being a non-subscriber, paid 50 gs. entrance for 
 Highflyer on Wednesday, and the same sum for his entrance on 
 Thursday, which entrance money was added to the three subscription 
 purses. 
 
574 HISTORY OF THE 
 
 performances, and produce, will be given in the 
 course of the next volume. He was also a most 
 certain foal getter, and got many more colts than 
 filUes. 
 
 The produce of Highflyer won as follows, viz : — 
 
 
 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 In 1783 
 
 1 Winner won 
 
 157 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 1784 
 
 9 Winners won 
 
 2,702 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 1785 
 
 22 
 
 
 9,768 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1786 
 
 31 
 
 
 13,673 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1787 
 
 31 
 
 
 13,360 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 1788 
 
 42 
 
 
 11,704 
 
 
 
 
 
 1789 
 
 41 
 
 
 16,197 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 1790 
 
 41 
 
 
 17,685 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 1791 
 
 40 
 
 
 17,814 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1792 
 
 39 
 
 
 12,092 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1793 
 
 35 
 
 ft 
 
 12,834 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 1794 
 
 27 
 
 
 9,002 
 
 
 
 
 
 1795 
 
 30 
 
 »» 
 
 6,807 
 
 
 
 
 
 1796 
 
 31 
 
 
 13,442 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 1797 
 
 24 
 
 
 4,116 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 1793 
 
 12 
 
 y* 
 
 5,801 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1799 
 
 7 
 
 >* 
 
 1,501 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 1800 
 
 5 
 
 >» 
 
 1,588 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 1801 
 
 2 
 
 >» 
 
 357. 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 In 19yrs. 470 Winners won 170,407 8 
 
 A gentleman of the turf, though he had no pro- 
 duce from Highflyer, wrote the following lines to 
 his memory. 
 
 Here lies the third* of the equestrian race. 
 That ne'er was conquered on the Olympic plain ; 
 Herod, his sire, who but to few gave place, 
 Rachel, his dam, his blood without a stain. 
 
 * Childers, Eclipse. 
 
BRITISH TURF. 5'J5 
 
 By his prolific deeds was built a court,* 
 Near where famed Ely's lofty turrets rise. 
 To this famed sultan would all ranksf resort. 
 To stir him up to am'rous enterprise. 
 
 To these three patriarchs]: the turf shall owe 
 The long existence of superior breed. 
 That blood in endless progeny shall flow. 
 To give the Uon's strength, and roebuck speed. 
 
 Mr. Tattersall built an elegant mansion, near 
 Ely, out of the fortune he acquired by this famous 
 horse, and called it '' Highflyer Hall," after him. 
 
 HoLLANDoisE. A grcy mare, foaled in 1775, 
 bred by Thomas Stapleton, Esq., of Charleton, 
 near Snaith, Yorkshire, and was the joint property 
 of Mr. Stapleton and Sir Thomas Gascoigne, Bart. 
 Hollandoise was got by Match'em ; her dam, 
 Virago. 
 
 At Doncaster, September 22nd, 1778, Hollan- 
 doise won the St. Leger stakes of 25 gs. each, 
 sixteen subscribers, two miles, beating Sir J. L. 
 Kaye's br. colt, by Wildair out of Ovid's dam, 
 Mr. Goodrick's Trinculo, Mr. Earle's Mariner, 
 Mr. Vever's Young Morwick, and three others ; 
 six to four against the Wildair colt, five to two 
 against Hollandoise, three to one against Trinculo, 
 and four to one against Young Morwick ; won 
 easy. She was rode by George Herring. In 1779, 
 she did not start. At Newmarket First Spring 
 
 * An elegant ■silla, with beautiful premises, near Ely. 
 t Brood mares, from the Dairymaid, &c., to the Duchess, Princess, 
 and Queen. 
 X Childers, Eclipse, and Highflyer. 
 
576 HISTORY OF THE BRITISH TURF. 
 
 Meeting, 1780, Hollandoise beat Sting, B. C, 
 500 gs. This was the only time of her running 
 that year. At Newmarket First Spring Meeting, 
 1781, Hollandoise walked over the course for the 
 King's purse for mares, lOst. After being beat 
 by Dictator, in the Second Spring Meeting, she 
 was sold to Lord Clermont ; and at SwafFham she 
 won a sweepstakes of 10 gs. each, five subscribers, 
 four miles. On the next day she beat Mr. Hull's 
 Epsom for £50, but a dispute arising whether 
 Hollandoise carried her proper weight, the purse 
 was divided between the two. At Newmarket, in 
 the First October Meeting, she won the 140 gs., 
 B. C. Lord Grosvenor received 85 gs. to with- 
 draw Pot-8o's. On Thursday she won the 70 gs. 
 purse, B. C. At Newmarket First Spring Meet- 
 ing, 1782, HoUandaise won the King's purse, 12st. 
 each, R, C. In the Second Spring Meeting, she 
 won £50, D. C. ; and in the same meeting, she 
 received 85 gs. compromise from Fearnought, 
 B. C, 200 gs., h. ft. She died soon after. 
 
 Hollandoise was beat six times, viz : three 
 times by Pot-8o's, once by Dictator, once by 
 Buccaneer, and once by Woodpecker. She paid 
 a forfeit to Pot-8o's, and one to Fortitude. 
 
 END OF VOL. I. 
 
 Schulze and Co. Printers, 13, Poland Street. 
 
Webster Family Library of Veterinary Medicine 
 Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at 
 Tutts University 
 
 I J.I p>