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THE 
 
 FARMER'S OWN BOOK; . 
 
 A TREATISE ON THE I 
 
 Numerous Diseases of the Horse, 
 
 WITH AN 
 
 EXPLAi^TATION OF THEIR SYMPTOMS, 
 
 AKD THE 
 
 COURSE OF TREATMENT TO BE PURSUED ; 
 ALSO 'A TREATISE OX THE DISEASE^ 
 
 OP 
 
 HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 J. D. KOOGLE, 
 
 Jliddletown, Maryland. 
 ]858. 
 
Entered according to the Act of Congress iu the year 1857, 
 
 By J. D . KooGLE, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Maryland. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The object of this work is to give a thorough explanation of 
 the numerous diseases to which the horse is subject, and point 
 out in a clear and distinct manner the symptoms by which the 
 diseases may be known, so that the Farmer and others having 
 the care of horses may be enabled to detect any disease in its 
 first sf&ges, — thereby rendering it an easy case to cure ; also, 
 giving a regular course of medicine to be pursued in the treatment 
 of the different diseases, by which almost any one, with a little 
 study, can treat the most difficult cases. The great objection to 
 other works that have been issued is that they do not point out 
 the symptoms of the diseases in horses; and their treatment is 
 so badly arranged that it is very difficult for the Farmer and 
 persons generally to understand it. The advantages this work 
 possesses over others, is its plainness in pointing out the diffi- 
 culties attending the treatment of diseases in horses and the 
 manner in which they may be surmounted. And it is hoped 
 that those interested will give this book their "careful attention, 
 as the author is satisfied that it will save them a vast amount 
 of time and trouble in times of need. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
DISEASES OF horses: 
 
 The diseases of the horse are very numerous, 
 and many of them so complicated as to defy de- 
 tection/ except by those who are thoroughly ac- 
 quainted with the nature of the animal, and his 
 mode of living. This is the reason that horses 
 which have heen under the care of the farrier 
 are often returned to the owner in a worse con- 
 dition than when they received them. It is to 
 prevent this practice as much as possible that 
 has induced me to bring this work before the 
 public, in the hope of alleviating the condition 
 of that noble animal — ilie Horse. 
 
mmii>^ 
 
 T^ 
 
 THE POLL EYIL. 
 
 This disease may arise from accident, but is 
 commonly the result of blows or bruises care- 
 lessly inflicted by those having charge of the 
 horses. It is a tumor or swelling in the sinews, 
 found between the noil bone and the uppefmost 
 joint of the neck, immediately on the nap of 
 the neck. 
 
 Nearly all farriers tell you to sell your horse 
 for anything he will bring, or give him away j 
 but I would advise you to keep your horse and 
 cure him, which can be done quickly and surely 
 with the following remedies: 
 
P0LL EVIL. 
 
 Eemedy No. 1. 
 
 First wash the sore well with strong warm soap 
 suds, then droj) 8 or 10 drops of muriatic acid 
 in it twice a day, until it has the appearance of 
 a fresh wound, after which it should he washed 
 clean with soap suds from castile soap and then 
 left to heal, which it will quickly do if the acid 
 has heen used long enough in a proper manner; 
 but it it does not get well, wash as bef^e, and 
 apply the acid until a cure is effected. It is a 
 sure remedy, and will not fail if applied prop- 
 erly until the disease is burnt out or killed. 
 
 In case you should drop any of the acid on 
 the part that is not affected, apply a little oil, 
 which will neutralize the power of the acid and 
 prevent it from becoming sore. 
 
 Eemedy No. 2. 
 
 When the disease first makes its appearance, 
 take a quantity of asmart and put it to soak, 
 letting it remain all night. In the morning 
 take as much as you can hold in your hand and 
 apply it to the swollen part, holding it there 
 some 20 or 30 minutes, pressing on it as hard as 
 
POLL EVIL. .J 
 
 you conveniently can, which must be repeated 
 several times. Tliis remedy generally scatters 
 the disease, but if it should fail you will be 
 obliged to use applications of a more astringent 
 nature. 
 
 Remedy No. 3. 
 
 After the disease has fully shown itself, wash 
 as directed in Remedy No. 1; then take Arsenic 
 and apply it until the foul flesh has all disap- 
 peared, and let it heal. This is a certain reme- 
 dy, and has cured several cases within my own 
 knowledge. 
 
 . Remedy No. 4. 
 
 Take 1 quart of strong ley and boil it into a 
 salve, then apply a portion of the salve every 2 
 hours until the core comes out, and heal with 
 elder ointment. If this remedy does not effect 
 a cure on the first application, try it again, as 
 it is a certain cure. Should the ley after being 
 boiled down leave a hard substance,, it must be 
 worked into a salve. 
 
8 ' poll evil. 
 
 Kemedy No. 5. 
 
 First wash the ulcer well with warm soap 
 suds; then take air-slacked lime and put as 
 much into the sore as will lay on, which must 
 he repeated 2 or 3 times a day, and the affected 
 part cleaned and swahhed out as often. This, 
 though very simple, is an excellent remedy, 
 which I have never known to fail. 
 
 The foregoing remedies are very plain and 
 simple, and cannot fail if properly applied. In 
 washing the ulcers, use none other than castile 
 soap, which is far superior to any other for 
 cleansing and healing wounds and eruptions of 
 any kind, and can he had from any of the drug 
 stores at 25 cents per pound. It is also an ex- 
 cellent article for domestic purposes, such as 
 shaving, &c. and will he found cheaper than 
 any other fine or toilet soaps. 
 
FLATULENT OR WIND COLIC. 
 
 FLATULENT OE WIND COLIC. 
 
 This is an entirely different disease from the 
 Spasmodic Colic. It often originates with some- 
 thing that the horse has eaten and then drink- 
 ing large quantities of water, by which the food 
 becomes fermented and creates a gastric gas, 
 which enlarges to a greater or less extent, some- 
 times to twenty or thirty times the bulk of the 
 food. It generally takes place in the stomach, 
 but at times in the small or large intestines. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The horse suddenly slacks his pace, perhaps 
 lays or falls down as if he w^ere shot. In the 
 stable he paws the floor with his lore feet, lays 
 down and rolls, starts up instantly and throws 
 himself down again with greater violence, looks 
 wistfully at his flanks, and makes many fruit- 
 less efforts to void his urine. Here the symp- 
 toms are similar to other colics, but the true 
 character of the disease soon develops itself. — 
 
10 FLATULENT OR WIND COLIC. 
 
 It is in one of tlie large intestines, and the belly 
 swells all round, but mostly on the right flanks 
 and as the disease progresses the pain becomes 
 more intense, and the horse more violent. The 
 treatment is quite different from other colics. 
 
 Eemedy No. 1. 
 
 Take 1 ounce of the chlorate of lime and ^ 
 pint of- warm water, put it into a bottle and 
 shake well, so as to dissolve, then give it as a 
 drench which will devour the gas, and cause the 
 swelling to subside. If in fifteen minutes after 
 this has been given, the pain does not seem to 
 have been alleviated, take 4 ounces of spirits of 
 Pimento, and 1 ounce of Laudanum, mix it with 
 J pint of warm water and give it also as a 
 drench. If you have no pimento and it is not 
 convenient to get it, take 2J ounces of pepper- 
 mint, and 1 ounce of laudanum, and should you 
 not have laudanum, take a hirger quantity of 
 peppermint with ^ pint of warm water, and 
 give it as a drench. In this disease no time 
 should be lost, as it very often runs its course in 
 from 1 to 2 hours. If the first should not give 
 
FLATULENT OR 'WIND COLIC. 11 
 
 relief in 15 or 20 minutes, repeat it until it does. 
 Eubbing the belly with a smooth rail or pole 
 will greatly facilitate the action of the medicine. 
 Should you not have any of the above remedies 
 on hand or convenient, use from 1 to 2 ounces 
 of golden tincture as the case may require. 
 
 Remedy No. 2. 
 
 In the first place take 2 ounces of the essence 
 of peppermintj mixed with ^ pint of warm 
 water and give it to him as a drench, then take 
 a bat of common raw cotton and set fire to it, 
 holding it close to the nostrils of the horse, 
 so -that he can freely inhale the smoke aris- 
 ing therefrom; continue this until you see that 
 the horse is relieved. The quantjty of cotton 
 used is from 4 to 5 bats^ as the necessity of the 
 case may require. 
 
 This is a simple and safe remedy^ and num- 
 bers who have tried it say that they have never 
 known it to fail. I saw a horse that had suf- 
 fered from the colic for nearly three hours, being 
 puffed up almost to bursting, and in half an 
 hour after this operation had been performed on 
 him, he was completely cured. 
 
12 SPASMODIC COLIC. 
 
 SPASMODIC COLIC. 
 
 This is a disease to whicli horses generally are 
 suhject, and in consequence of improper treat- 
 inentj it often proves fatal. It is produced by 
 improper riding, feeding, watering, and may 
 arise from a want of proper action in the bowels, 
 which occasions constriction of the intestines 
 and a confinement of the air. 
 
 SYMPTOMS. 
 
 The horse begins to shift his position, looks 
 around at his flanks, paws violently, strikes his 
 belly with his feet, and crouches in a peculiar 
 manner, advancing his hind legs under him, he 
 then suddenly lies or rather falls down, and 
 balances himself on his back with his feet rest- 
 ing on his belly. The pain seems to have ceased 
 for a while, and he gets up and shakes himself ; 
 he begins to feed, but in a short time the pain 
 returns, and is more violent than before; he 
 heaves at the flanks, breaks out in a profused 
 
SPASMODIC COLIC. 13 
 
 perspiratioDj and throws himself more reck- 
 lessly. The pulse is little affected in the com- 
 mencement, but as the disease progresses, it 
 becomes fall. Legs and ears of a natural tem- 
 perature. The affection of the strength scarcely 
 perceivable. 
 
 Remedy. 
 
 Relief may be obtained from motion in this 
 disease. Take 
 
 1 ounce of turpentine, 
 
 1 ounce of laudanum, 
 
 I pint of gin or good whiskey, 
 
 J pint of warm water. 
 
 Mix and give it as a drench. Bleed^ and if not 
 relieved in half an hour, repeat the dose, rub- 
 bing the belly Avith a stout brush or a smooth 
 rail. If not relieved in 15 or 20 minutes, repeat 
 the dose and continue it until relief is obtained. 
 If the horse be walked about or trotted mod- 
 erately, it will relieve the spasms. A glyster 
 with warm soap suds should be injected, w4iich 
 may be done by burning the peth out of elder, 
 and filling a bladder with the suds, then tie the 
 
14 SPASMODIC COLIC. 
 
 bladder on the elder tiglit and force it into the 
 fundament, occasionally throwing the warm 
 suds in until it operates; if a reasonable portion 
 of it remains, it will do no harm if it does not 
 operate, but will help to relieve the spasms. 
 This should be done immediately, as in most 
 cases no time is to be lost. A glyster of tobacco 
 smoke may be thrown in as a last resort. Keep 
 the horse in a warm stable and give bran mash 
 and plenty of warm or thin gruel for two or 
 three days. 
 
 The turpentine, laudanum, gin and warm 
 water were never known to fail if given at the 
 proper time. Should you not have these medi- 
 cines at hand, give 2^ or 3 ounces of pepper- 
 mint every 15 or 20 minutes until the horse is 
 relieved; or if you have no peppermint, give 
 same quantity of golden tincture. 
 
 The gruel for feeding is made by putting diiy 
 quantity of bran into a bucket or tub, then pour 
 boiling water over it, so as to scald it thorough- 
 ly, and cover it with a cloth until it is cooi 
 enough for him to eat. 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE BL.U>DER, 15 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THJ] BLADDER 
 
 In this disease and inflammation of the kid- 
 neys, the symptoms are nearly similar; there- 
 fore, in order to ascertain whether the disease is 
 inflammation of the bladder or inflammation of 
 the kidneys, it is necessary to introduce the 
 hand into the rectum, where you will find the 
 bladder immediately under the hand, if it feels 
 hard and full, accompanied by more than natu- 
 ral heat and tenderness, it is a sure case of in- 
 flammation of the bladder, but if the bladder 
 is empty and no increased heat is apparent, then 
 it must be a case of inflammation of the kidneys. 
 
 In treating these two diseases — though the 
 symptoms are so much alike — be very careful to 
 observe that the course of treatment recom- 
 mended in each is entirely difterent, and should 
 you give the medicine prescribed for inflamma- 
 tion of the bladder for that of the kidneys, it 
 will greatly endanger the life of the horse. 
 
16 inflammation of the bladder. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The early symptoms in this disease are gen- 
 erally those of fever, but the seat of the disease 
 soon becomes apparent. The horse occasionally 
 looks round at Ifis flanks, stands with his hind 
 legs wide apart, is unwilling to lie down, strad- 
 dles as he walks, evinces great pain in turning 
 shrinks when his loins are pressed; the loins feel 
 hot, the urine is voided in small quantities, 
 which is often highly colored and sometimes 
 bloody; he tries to urinate very often and strains 
 painfully, but the discharge is nearly or quite 
 suppressed; the pulse is quick, hard and full at 
 first, but rapidly becomes small, indicating a dis- 
 ease of the' urinary organs, yet not distinguish- 
 ing inflammation of the bladder from inflamma- 
 tion of the kidneys. 
 
 Treatment — Kemedt. 
 
 When you feel satisfied that it is a case of 
 inflammation of the bladder, blister the loins 
 with the blister ointment and give 1 ounce of 
 turpentine with 1 ounce of laudanum. 
 
mFL ANIMATION OF THE KIDXEYS. 17 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. 
 
 The symptoms of this disease are similar to 
 those of inflammation of the bladder, but are 
 to be treated in quite a different manner. In- 
 flammation of the kidneys is brought on by 
 over-riding, heavy loads, improper feeding, and 
 sometimes by being poled on the haunches, or 
 across the kidneys and loins. *' 
 
 Treatment — Kemedy. 
 
 Place a mustard plaster made with vinegar 
 across thfi loins and bleed. After this give an 
 active purge, and when it begins to abate give 
 of white helebore from J to J of a drachm, and 
 IJ drachms of tartar emetic, with J a pint of 
 warm water, this should be repeated 2 or 3 
 times a day, according to the nature of the dis- 
 ease. For drink, give him warm water or gruel 
 as much as he will drink, and keep the back 
 and loins warm and comfortable. 
 
18 INFLAMMATION OP THE LUNGS. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 This disease is generally brought on by sud- 
 den cold, hard driving, high feeding, &c. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The first appearance of this disease is gener- 
 ally marked by fits of shivering, accompanied 
 with a coldness throughout the entire body, 
 which, however^ gradually wears off. and he 
 becomes warm, except the ears and feet; but it 
 sometimes commences slowly, with a hard, dry 
 cough, which appears to give the horse great 
 pain; he appears dull, and refuses to eat his 
 food; the pulse is obscure and oppressed— he 
 heaves at the flanks, the nostrils are extended, 
 the eye-lids and linings of the 'nose are in- 
 flamed with a disagreeable running at the nose, 
 experiences great difficulty in breathing, seems 
 very stiff, is unwilling to lie down or move, and 
 often stands until completely exhausted. 
 
inflammation of the lungs. 19 
 
 Tteatment — Eemedy. 
 
 Bleed -until the pulse becomes round and full, 
 and then the heart will be able to accomplish 
 its object; next hand rub the legs well, rap them 
 up with flannel bandages as high as the knees, 
 put a blanket on the horse to keep him warm, 
 but let the stable have a sufficient opening to 
 admit the fresh air, not so much as to make it 
 cold or chilly. In warm weather the horse can- 
 not have too much fresh air. The following 
 prescription will be found very beneficial: 
 
 1 drachm powdered fox-glove, 
 1| " tartar emetic, 
 
 3 '\ nitre, 
 
 4 ^^ tincture of aloes, 
 ^ pint of warm. water. 
 
 Mix well, give it as a drench and clyster with 
 soap and warm water; when the focus has become 
 softened a little, leave off using the tincture of 
 aloes, but continue to administer the remainins: 
 portion of the above prescription, and blister the 
 sides and brisket with the blister ointment 
 every 6 hours. If the ointment should act well 
 
20 DfFLAMlVIATION OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 on tlie first application^ there is no further need 
 for it, but should it not act proj)erly continue 
 the blistering until it does, or until the parts 
 become very sore, and in two or three days after 
 dress with lard. 
 
 In the latter stages of the disease it will be 
 found very difficult to get the blister to act prop- 
 erly on account of the exhaustion of the natu- 
 ral powers of the animal, but it must be con- 
 tinued, and the sinking energies aroused, or the 
 horse is lost. The blister is often prevented 
 from acting by the gig being up. 
 
 In this disease the treatment should be prompt 
 and decisive, as not a moment of time is to be 
 lost. The first object should be to subdue the 
 inflammation, and if the mouth continues hot, 
 the extremities cold, and the nose red, the horse 
 must be bled again and again in rapid succes- 
 sion_, the good that we can do must be done im- 
 mediately or not at all. 
 
 The first step to be taken in this disease is to 
 bleed profusely — let the lancet used be a large, 
 broad shouldered one, in order that the blood 
 may be extracted as quick as possible and the 
 disease destroyed without impairing the strength 
 
INFLMIMATION OF THE LUNGS. 21 
 
 of the animal. (If the blood be allowed to flow 
 slowly in a small stream, the strength of the 
 animal will be sapped^, while the disease remains 
 untouched.) Let the blood flow until the pulse 
 falters and the horse begins to tremble; no harm 
 will be done however if he should fall by bleed- 
 ing in this disease. As soon as possible after 
 the bleeding, give the medicine prescribed; then 
 hand rub and bandage, and cover with warm 
 blankets; feed him on bran mash and let him 
 run to grass for a month. 
 
22 INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 
 
 INFLAMMATIOK OF THE BOWELS. 
 
 This disease arises from various causes, and 
 is fr.equently brought on by long standing cos- 
 tivenesSj neglected gripes,, or hard riding, over 
 heating and immediately drinking of cold water. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 In many cases of this disease fits of shiver- 
 ing or restlessness are the first indications of its 
 •approach; the mouth becomes hot, the nose red, 
 the horse begins to evinc$ the most intense 
 pain by pawing, striking at his belly with his 
 feet, looking wildly at his flanks, groaning and 
 rolling. The pulse is quick but small, the ears 
 and feet cold, the belly tender to the touch and 
 sometimes hot, the breathing is quickened, tlie 
 bowels costive, and the horse rapidly becoming 
 fearfully weak. He paws and stamps as in the 
 colic^ but the pulse is much quicker than in that 
 (Jisease, and the pain becomes constant without 
 any intermissions, 'as occur in colic. 
 
inflammation of the bowels. 23 
 
 Treatment — Rejmedt. 
 
 Commence by "bleedifig profusely, taking at 
 least 7 or 8 quarts of blood, or as much as the 
 borse can bear, wliicb must be done immedi- 
 ately, or a fatal termination may be looked for. 
 If the borse does not seem to have been relieved 
 or the pulse become round and full, tb« bleed- 
 ing must be repeated as tbe only means of 
 subduing tbe inflammation, wbicb is tbe imme- 
 diate cause of tbe weakness. If tbe inflamma- 
 tion is subdued by tbe extraction of tbe blood tbe 
 weakness will soon disappear. After tbe bleed- 
 ing, make a strong decoction of aloes and opium 
 or laudanum, say 1 ounce of laudanum with tbe 
 same quantity of tbe tincture of aloes, and give 
 it to tbe borse; this must be quickly followed 
 by back-raking and an injection of soap and 
 warm water or thin gruel, in which epsom salts 
 or aloes may be dissolved in moderate quantities; 
 repeat this until the bowels are completely clean- 
 ed out. He should be given as much warm water 
 or thin gruel as he will drink, and half the quan- 
 tity of tincture of aloes and laudanum should 
 be administered every two or three hours until 
 the bowels are freely opened. Blister the sides 
 
24 INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 
 
 and belly with common blistering ointment and 
 bandage tbe legs up" to tlie knees with flannel, 
 cover bim with blankets as directed in inflamma- 
 tion of tbe lungs, and give bim a comfortable 
 stable, but not too bot, with plenty of fresb air. 
 !N'o corn or bay sbould be allowed in this dis- 
 ease — bran mash will answer very well for feed, 
 but green meat is preferable if it can be bad. 
 Turn bim out for two or tbree bours in tbe mid- 
 dle of tbe day *if not too cold; give tbe legs 
 good band-rubbing every day; continue to clys- 
 ter witb tbin gruel for two or tbree days. 
 
BOTS OR GRUBS. 25 
 
 BOTS OR GRUBS. 
 
 The Bots or Grubs are small worms of a red 
 or brownish color^ found in the stomach, and it 
 is considered almost impossible for them to do 
 any harm, but a horse that has the bots, grubs 
 or worms, loses flesh, becomes hide bound and 
 dull. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 In thia. disease a yellowish matter is often 
 found under the horse's tail; he has pain, stamps 
 and rolls, switches his tail between his legs, 
 turns up his upper lip, and frequently looks 
 round" to his flanks, and often tries to rub his 
 fundament against the wall, or any other place 
 that he can. 
 
 Treatment — ^Remedy No. 1. 
 
 First give an active purge, and if that is not 
 sufficient to expel them, take 2 drachms of tar- 
 tar emetic, with a small quantity of tin or pew- 
 
26 BOTS OR GRUBS. 
 
 ter filings, or a little ground glass, make into 
 balls or pills, and give one every morning for 
 two weeks; if it is necessary, the balls can be 
 made with a little tar, which will also improve 
 the condition of the horse. 
 
 Remedy No. 2. 
 
 Take 1 pint of common honey and give it as 
 a drench; in two hours after give an active 
 purge: — 1 pint of molasses added to 1 pint of 
 soft soap and a handful of salt will answer 
 very well. Repeat the dose if it does not oper- 
 ate in four or five hours. 
 
MEMBRANES OF THE NOSE. ^ 27 
 
 MEMBRANES. OF THE NOSE. 
 
 Showing the Symptoms that mark the Differ- 
 ' ENT Stages of the Disease. 
 
 1st. — The pale pink hue, when the horse is 
 in perfect health. 
 
 2d. — An increased tinge of red, and the grad- 
 ual uniform painting of the memhrane, indica- 
 ting some excitement of the general system. 
 
 3d. — The streaked appearance when inflam- 
 mation is threatening or commencing. 
 
 4th. — The intense florid red^ of inflammation 
 heing acute. 
 
 5th. — The starting of the vessels from their 
 gossamer coat, and their seeming to run hare 
 over fhe memhranes, when inflammation has 
 attained its highest point. 
 
 6th. — The pale ground, with patches of vivid 
 red, showing the half subdued hut still exist- 
 ing fever. 
 
28 MEMBRANES OF THE NOSE. 
 
 (Ttli. — The uniform color, but of a deeper red 
 than natural, indicating the return of a healthy 
 state of the circulation. 
 
 8th. — A paleness approaching to white, with 
 a slight radiation of crimson, showing t^at 
 there is still considei%ble irritability, and that 
 mischief may be in the wind. 
 
 9th. — The pale, livid color, warning you that 
 the disease is assuming a typhoid character. 
 
 10th. — The deep livid, announcing that the 
 typhus is establishing, and that the vital cur- 
 rent is stagnating. 
 
 11th. — The brown or dirty painting, inter- 
 mingling with and subduing the lividness, de- 
 noting that the game is up. 
 
 12th. — These appearances will be guides to 
 our opinions and treatment, which can never be 
 too highly appreciated. 
 
THE EYES. 29 
 
 THE EYES. 
 
 From the eye of tlie horse we form an idea of 
 his age. There is, at the hack of the eye a con- 
 siderable quantity of fatty substance, on which 
 it may revolve easily without friction. In aged 
 horses much of this disappears, the eye becomes 
 sunken, and the pit above it deepens; The eye 
 is a very important organ of the horse, and 
 should be large, clear, shining^ lively, dark col- 
 ored, round and full, so that you may look deep 
 into them; when moving but a small portion of 
 the white should show, and the purchaser who 
 notices this should pause ere he completes his 
 bargain for a horse that shows too much of the 
 whites of his eyes. 
 
30 THE EARS. 
 
 THE EABS. 
 
 Those who are acquainted with the nature of 
 the horse -psij much attention to the size and 
 motion of the ear. Ears rather small than large, 
 placed not too far apart, erect and quick in mo- 
 tion, indicate hoth breeding and spirit, If a 
 horse is frequently in the habit of carrying one 
 ear forward and the other backward, and especi- 
 ally when on a journey, he generally possesses 
 both spirit and continuance; and if attentive to 
 what is taking place about him, he cannot be 
 'much fatigued or likely soon to become so. 
 
THE STAGGERS. 81 
 
 STAGGEKS. 
 
 A numlDer of opinions have been adv^ced in 
 relation to the origin and seat of this disease. 
 Some think that it is confined entirely to the 
 head, while others say that the lungs are also 
 affected; that it originates in the stomach, from 
 which it is removed hy the action of the lympa- 
 tic vessels, and being thrown into the circula- 
 tion is diffused throughout the entire system^ 
 and carried by the arteries into the lungs, 
 through which all the blood in a horse's body 
 passes many times during an hour, where it un- 
 dergoes a change, thus depositing a portion of 
 the poisonous matter that had been received into 
 the stomach in. the lungs. It is common to 
 horses of all ages and conditions, and is a very 
 rare case where it does not prove fatal. 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The symptoms in this disease are feebleness, 
 drowsiness, loss of appetite, a constant hanging 
 
32 THE STAGGERS. 
 
 of tlie head, with inflamed eyes, nearly closed; 
 he kicks, rears and plunges, seemingly uncon- 
 scious of what he -is doing; it is dangerous for 
 any one to approach him in this state; the fears 
 and forehead hot, accompanied by a burning 
 fever. 
 
 Treatment — Kemedy. 
 
 The first step to be taken in this disease is to 
 relieve the overloaded organs of the brain, which 
 should be done by opening the neck or jugular 
 vein with a large lancet, that the blood may flow 
 freely. No definite quantity of blood need be 
 taken, but let it run until the horse begins to 
 falter and blow; or, perhaps, with niore assur- 
 ance of success, until he falls. Immediately 
 after inject freely with warm water, and give as 
 a drench ^ ounce of aloes^ ^ ounce of ginger^ 
 and I pint of warm water; feed on bran mash 
 and green meal. 
 
RABIES OR MADNESS. 33 
 
 RABIES or. MADNESS. 
 
 If a horso be bitten by a dog or horse tbat is 
 affectpd with rabies or madness^ the wound 
 should be well burned out with causl^c, (nitriate 
 of silver,) and on the third day after remove tbe 
 scab and repeat the operation. The caustic 
 should reach every part of the wound. 
 
 The following remedy has often been admin- 
 isteredj and found effectual in nine cases out ^of 
 every ten. Take 
 
 2 ounces of fresh leaves of tree-box, 
 
 2 " ' '' of rue, 
 
 i " sage, 
 * Chop these very fine and boil in a pint of water 
 down to half a pint; strain carefully, and press 
 out the liquor, put back the ingredients into a 
 pint of milk, and boil again to half a pint; 
 strain as before, mix both liquors, which forms 
 three doses for a human subject. Double, this 
 quantity for a horse or cow. Two-thirds of the 
 quantity is sufiicient for a large dog, half for a 
 .middling sized, and one-third for a small dog. 
 Three doses are sufficient each subsequent morn- 
 ing fasting, giving the quantity directed, being 
 that which forms these three doses. 
 
 3 
 
34 INJURY OF THE EYE. 
 
 INJURY OF THE EYE. 
 
 The eye itself of the horse is rarely injured 
 hy blows and bruises carelessly inflicted by pas- 
 sionate persons, but the substance that surrounds 
 it may be seriously wounded, and considerable 
 inflammation ensue — this may be abated by the 
 application of poultices, bleeding and physicing. 
 Sometimes the eye-lids become inflamed from 
 the same cause — fomentations of warm water 
 will be serviceable in this case. The horse occa- 
 sionally has a scaly eruption on the edges of the 
 eye-lids, attended with much itching, in the 
 efibrt to allay which the eye is often blemished 
 by being rubbed against some hard substance — 
 the nitriated ointment of quicksilver, mixed 
 with an equal quantity of lard may be slightly 
 rubbed on the edges of the lids, with good effect. 
 Warts are sometimes attached to the edges of 
 the lids, and are a source of great irritation — 
 they should be removed with a pair of sharp 
 sicssors^ and their roots . touched with lunar 
 caustic. In common inflammation of the eye, 
 free bleeding, cooling applications, physic and 
 mash diet will usually allay the evil; the tinc- 
 ture of opium is a good lotion. 
 
LAMPASS. 35 
 
 LAMPASS. 
 
 The lampass is a swelling of the gums on the 
 innerside of the upper jaw, to which young 
 horses are mostly subject, and sometimes suffer 
 considerably before it is discovered. 
 
 In some cases the swelling will subside with- 
 out further medical treatment than administer- 
 ing a few alteratives, and feeding on bran 
 mashes, but should this fail it will have to be 
 cured by cutting across the bars with a lancet or 
 pen-knife. If, however, it returns in three or 
 four months after this operation, which it some- 
 times d(5es, take a sharp, flat piece of iron, a 
 little crooked at one end, heat it and burn out 
 the disease a little below the level of the teeth, 
 being very careful not to let the iron rest or bear 
 against the teeth. After this operation give the 
 horse a little meal, mixed with a small quantity 
 of salt, and feed on mashes. 
 
36 PROCESS OF TEETHINO. 
 
 THE PROCESS OF TEETHING. 
 
 At IJ years of age tlie mark in the central 
 nippers will be much shorter and feinter; that 
 in the other pairs will have undergone an evi- 
 dent change, and all the nippers become flat. 
 
 At 2 3'ears this will be more manifest, and 
 about this period a fifth will appear. Now, 
 likewise, another process is commencing: the 
 first teeth are adapted to the size and wants of 
 the young animal, and are sufficiently large to 
 fill the colt's jaws. 
 
 At 3 years old the horse should have the cen- 
 tral permanent nippers growing, the other two 
 pairs wasting away; six grinders iii each jaw 
 above and below, the first and fifth level with 
 the others, and'the sixth protruding; the sharp 
 edge of the new incisors, which will be very evi- 
 dent when compared to the neighboring teeth. 
 
PROCO^SS OF TEETHIXa. 37 
 
 At 4 years tlie central nippers will be fully 
 developed, witli the edge somewhat worn off, 
 and the mark in them shorter, wider and feinte-^- 
 the next pair will have made their aj)pearance 
 with the mark deep^ and extending entirely 
 across them. The corner nippers will he larger 
 than the inside ones, yet smaller than they were 
 and flat, with the mark nearly effaced. The 
 sixth grinder will have become level with the 
 others, and the tushes beginning to make their 
 appearance. 
 
 At 5 years the horse's mouth is almost per- 
 fect. The corner nippers are quite up with the 
 long, deep mark, irregular on the inside, and 
 the other nippers bearing evident tokens of in- 
 creasing wearing. The tush is much grown, 
 the grooves have almost or quite disaj)peared, 
 and the outer surface is regularly convex: 
 
 At 6 years the mark on the central nippers is 
 worn out, though there is still a difference in 
 the color of the centre of the teeth. The ce- 
 ment filling the hole, made by the dipping in 
 of enamel, will present a browner hue than the 
 other part of the teeth. 
 
38' PROCESS OF TEETIHXG. 
 
 At Y years the mark in the manner which, we 
 have described it^ has worn out in the four cen- 
 tral nippers, and is fast disappearing in the 
 corner teeth; the tush also is beginning to alter 
 — it is rounding, at the point, the edges, and 
 without, and beginning to get round inside. 
 
 At 8 years old the tush is rounded in every 
 way, the mark has disappeared from all the bot- 
 tom nip23ers, and it may almost be said to be out 
 of the mouth. There is nothing remaining in 
 the bottom nippers afterward that can clearly 
 show the age of the horse. 
 
CHEST FOUNDER. 39 
 
 CHEST FOUNDER 
 
 I believe this disease to be nothing more than 
 the rheumatism, produced by suffering the horse 
 to remain too long tied u,p and exposed to the 
 coldj or riding him against a very bleak Avind. 
 
 . Symptoms. 
 
 The horse has considerable stiffness in mov- 
 ing, evidently not arising from the feet; there 
 is a tenderness about the muscles of the breast 
 and occasional swelling; it is sometimes accom- 
 panied with a considerable degree of fever. 
 
 Treatment — Kemedy. 
 
 Bleeding, physic, and a rowel in the chest, 
 warm stabling and warm clothing, with occa- 
 sional doses of antimonial powder, will soon 
 subdue the complaint. 
 
40 INFLAMMATION. 
 
 INFLAMMATION. 
 
 Inflammation consists of an increased flow of 
 the blood to and through the parts. The proper 
 mode of abating which is to lessen the quan- 
 tity of blood — if we take away the fuel; the fire 
 will go out — all other means are comparatively 
 unimportant contrasted with bleeding. Blood 
 is generally extracted from the jugular vein, so 
 that the general quantity may be lessened, but 
 if it can be taken from the neighborhood of the 
 diseased part, it will be productive of tenfold 
 benefit: one quart of blood extracted from the 
 foot in acute founder, will do more good than 
 five quarts taken from the general circulation; 
 an ounce of blood obtained by scarifying the 
 swollen vessels of the inflamed ey^, will give as 
 much relief to that organ as a copious bleeding 
 from the jugular. This is a principle in the 
 animars nature which should never be lost sight 
 of; hence the necessity for bleeding early and 
 largely in inflammation of the lungs, or of the 
 bowels, or of the brain, or of any important or- 
 gan. Many hordes are lost for want of, or in- 
 
INPLAMMATION. 41 
 
 sufficiency in Weeding, but we never knew of 
 one being materially injured by the most copi- 
 ous extraction of blood. 
 
 It is very difficult to decide when a cold or 
 hot apiDlication is to be used, and no general 
 rule can be laid down^ except that in cases of 
 inflammation in the early stages, cold will be 
 preferable, but when the inflammation is deeper 
 seated or fully established, warm fomentations 
 will be found most serviceable. Stimulating 
 applications are frequently used in local inflam- 
 mation. When the disease is deeply seated, a 
 stimulating application to the skin will cause 
 some irritation and inflammation there, and 
 lessen or remove the malady; hence the use 
 of rowels and blisters in inflammation of the 
 chest. If we excite it in one, ;tve shall abate it 
 in the other, — and also, by the discharge which 
 we establish from the one, we shall lessen the 
 determination of the other. Stimulating and 
 blistering applications should never be applied 
 to a part that is already inflamed. A fire 
 will not go out by heaping more fuel upon it; 
 hence the mischief which is often done by rub- 
 bing those abominable oils on a recent sprain, 
 
42 Inflammation. v 
 
 hot and tender. Many a horse has been ruined 
 by this absurd treatment, when the heat and 
 tenderness have disappeared by the use of cold 
 lotions or fomentations. When the leg or 
 sprained part remains enlarged long or matter 
 threatens to be deposited, it may be right to 
 excite inflammation of the skin by a blister, in 
 order to rouse the deeper seated absorbants to 
 action and enable them to take up this deposit; 
 but, except to hasten the natural process and 
 effects of inflammation, a blister or stimulating 
 application should never be applied to a part 
 already inflamed. 
 
 ^ 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX. 43 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LAKYNX. 
 
 He who is desirous of ascertaining whether 
 there is any disease in the larynx of a horse, 
 should apply his ear to the lower part of the 
 w^indpipe. If he finds that the air passes in and 
 out without interruption, there is no disease of 
 anj consequence, either in the w^indpipe or the 
 chest, for it would he immediately detected by 
 the loudness or the interruption of the murmur. 
 Then let him gradually proceed up the neck 
 with his ear still upon the windpipe; perhaps he 
 soon begins to recognize a little gurgling sound. 
 He can have no surer proof that there is the 
 seat of the disease. 
 
 Treatment — Remedy. 
 
 The treatment here is very plain: Blood must 
 be copiously extracted from the jugular vein, 
 which must be done quickly, letting it run until 
 
44 INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX. 
 
 the pulse begins to flutter, then administer the 
 fever medicine: 
 
 I draclim digitalis, 
 
 II " emetic tartar, 
 3 " nitre, 
 
 ^ ounce aloes, 
 Which must be repeated twice or thrice in the 
 day. Aloes may be safely given at this stage 
 of the disease, because the chest is not yet im- 
 plicated. To this must be added immediately 
 a blister, and a sharp one. 
 
 EPIDEMICS. 
 
 In epidemics all offensive matter should be 
 immediately and carefully cleared away, and 
 no small portion of the chloride of lime used in 
 washing the stables, troughs, &c., and particu- 
 larly his ulcers, &c. 
 
CHRONIC COUGH. 45 
 
 . * CHRONIC COUGH, 
 
 If a liarsli hollow coiigli is accompanied by a 
 staring coat; it proceeds from irritability of the 
 air -passages^ which will he discovered by the 
 horse coughing after drinking^ or when he first 
 goes out of the stable in the morning^ or by 
 occasionally snorting out thick mucus from the 
 nose, medicine may be given with advantage to 
 diminish the irritation; generally small doses 
 of digitalis, emetic tartar and nitre administered 
 at nio-ht. Take 
 
 Digitalis J drachm, 
 
 Emetic tartar 1 drachm, 
 
 Nitre 1 drachm. 
 This should be mixed into a ball with tar and 
 given every night regularly for a considerable 
 length of time. A blister extending from the 
 root of one ear to that of the other, taking in 
 the whole of the channel and reaching six or 
 eight inches down the windpipe has been tried 
 with good eifect. Feeding has much infltience 
 on this complaint: too much dry meat, and es- 
 pecially chaff increases it; carrots afford decided 
 Eelief. 
 
46 THICK OR BROKEN WIND. 
 
 THICK OR BROKEN WIND. 
 
 There is no remedy for the cure of this but 
 it may be improved. The horse should have 
 full proportions of solid food, but very little 
 hay, and no chaff; he should not be worked im- 
 mediately after a heavy meal; water should be 
 given in moderate quantities, but the horse 
 should not be suffered to drink as much as he 
 likes until the day's work is over; green meat 
 wdll always be serviceable, and carrots are par- 
 ticularly useful. 
 
PHYSICINQ. , 47 
 
 PHTSICINa. 
 
 % A horse sliould be carefully prepared for the 
 action of physic. Two or three bran mashes 
 given on that or the preceding day, which should 
 be continued until the dung becomes softened, 
 as a less quantity of physic will then suffice. 
 On the day which the physic is given, the horse 
 should have walking exercise, or may be gently 
 trotted for a quarter of an hour twice in the 
 day; but after the physic begins to work, he 
 should not be moved from his stall. A little 
 hay may be put in the rack, and as much mash 
 given as the horse will eat, and as much water 
 as he will drink with the coldness off. Aloes is 
 the best purgative, for there is no other that is at 
 once so sure and safe — the dose is from J to 1 
 ounce, if the horse is properly prepared. The 
 only other purgative on which dependence can be 
 •placed is the croton; the dose varies from 1 scru- 
 ple to J a drachm. Linseed oil is an uncertain 
 but safe purgative, in doses from a pint to a pint 
 and a half Epsorn salts are an inefficacious ^ 
 remedy except in the immense dose of a pound 
 and a half, and then they are not always safe. 
 
48 8PRAIX3 OF THE BACK SIXEWS. 
 
 SPEAINS OF THE BACK SINEWS, 
 
 Sliould there remain the slightest lameness 
 or enlargement^ the leg must be blistered; ai?^ 
 it would geldom be a bad practice to blister after 
 every case of severe sprain. The inflammation 
 may lay deep, and tlie part once sprained may 
 long remain v/eak^ and subject to renewed 
 injury, notfroQi unusual but ordinary exertion. 
 The horse should be afterwards turned out for 
 one or two months. 
 
 We must here again repeat* that a blister 
 should never be used wliiic anv heat remains. 
 
 ENLAEGEMENT OF THE HOCK. 
 
 A horse with an enlarged hock must always 
 be regarded with suspicion: in truth he is un- 
 sound. The animal may discharge his usual 
 work during a long period, without return of 
 lameness, but when all his energies are required, 
 the weakened part will fail. The treatment is 
 plain enough: fomentations, blistering, &:g. may 
 remedy the evil. 
 
IPR 
 
 SPRAIN OF THE COFFIN JOINT. 
 
 AIN OF THE COFFIN JOINT. 
 
 9Hf proof of tliis is when the lameness is 
 sudden, and tlie heat and tenderness are princi- 
 pally felt around the cornet. Bleeding at the 
 to^ physic^ fomentations and blisters are the 
 TilRal means adopted. This lameness is not 
 easfiy temoved even by a blister, and if removed 
 like sprains of the fetlock and of the back sin- 
 ews, it is apt to return again. Sprains of the 
 coffin joint sometimes become a very serious 
 affair; not being attended by any swelling, and 
 being detected only by heat around the coronet. 
 First reduce the heat by fomentations: say bathe 
 the foot with water as warm as the hand will 
 bear, fomentate with this for 15 or 20 minutes 
 — the long continuance of fomentations has been 
 found very efficacious in reducing inflammation; 
 lext apply a clay poultice made with vinegar^ 
 and when getting dry moisten by pouring vine- 
 gar on the foot and clay. After the heat has 
 left the parts, then blister. The horse should 
 not be used for a month or two. 
 4 
 
50 GREASE; 
 
 GKEASE. 
 
 Grease consists of swollen legs, al^W^li 
 swelled legs occur frequently, yet there is no 
 grease. Friction and bandaging will generally 
 remove this. Grease is a specific inflammation 
 of the skin of the heels, sometimes of the fore- 
 feet, hut oftener of the hinder ones. It is not 
 a contagious disease, as some have asserted 
 although when it once appears in a stahle.i1 
 frequently attacks almost every horse ill if?-^ 
 Bad stable management is the true cause^of it.' 
 The first appearance of grease is usually^a.dry 
 and scurfy state of the skin of the heel, witli 
 redness, heat and itching. The heel should br 
 well but gently washed with soap and wa^^r^ 
 and as much of the scurf detached as is easll; 
 removed. If the cracks are deep, with an ich^ 
 orous discharge and considerable lameness, iT^ 
 will be necessary to poultice. A poultice made 
 of carrots boiled soft and mashed will answer 
 the purpose. The efficacy of a carrot poultice 
 is seldom sufficiently appreciated in cases like 
 this. The poultice just referred to should be 
 
GREASE. 51 
 
 diligently applied at night, to insure success, 
 and when the heat and tenderness and stiffness 
 of motion have diminished, astringent lotions 
 should be applied. Either the alum lotion or a 
 strong decoction of oak bark — perhaps the alum 
 \ dissolved in whiskey will do better than water, 
 or the alum dissolved in a decoction of bark will 
 answer better than either. This disease requires 
 perseverance — the ^decoctions should be made 
 very strong. After washing several times should 
 tliOre be watery matter on the heels or leg^ wash 
 iCiS with water and soap. Moderate physic- 
 igj bran mashes, &c. will be found very bene- 
 cial. The above decoctions will never fail to 
 cure the scratches. 
 
52 ACUTE FOUNDER. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE FEET, ACUTE 
 FOUNDER. 
 
 This is a disease fhat was less understood than ^U 
 any other until very recently. It often arises »* ^ 
 by allowing a horse that is very much heated to 
 stand in the snow or cold water for any length 
 of time, or where he is apt to become chilled, 
 which produces a general stiffness thro uglj^uti 
 the entire system; bat it will soon be observed 
 that the seat of the disease is in the feet, by the^ 
 ^disinclination of the horse to remain upon thei 
 
 Symptoms. 
 
 The earliest symptoms of fever in the fee 
 restiveness, frequent shifting of the fore 
 but no pawing. The pulse is quickened, ^hd 
 flanks heaving, the nostrils red^ and his moa 
 ing indicating great pain. He looks about his 
 litter, as if preparing to lie down; he continiiH 
 to shift his weight from foot to foot; he is afrai^ 
 to draw his feet sufiiciently under him for the 
 purpose of lying down, but at length he drop 
 
 tie ^ A 
 
ACUTE FOUNDER. 53 
 
 His lying down will distinguish inflammation 
 of the feet from that of the lungs, in which the 
 horse obstinately persists in standing until he 
 drops. His quietness when down will distin- 
 guish it from colic or inflammation of the bowels. 
 He will point out the seat of the disease by 
 looking at the part; his muzzle will often rest 
 0^ the feet or affected foot. 
 
 Treatment — Kemedy No. 1. 
 
 The treatment in this disease resembles that 
 of other inflammations. Bleeding is indispensa- 
 ble and that to its fullest extent. Four quarts of 
 blood should be taken from the toe of the foot, 
 which may be put into warm water to quicken 
 the flow of blood. Poultices of linseed meal^ 
 made very soft, should cover the whole of the 
 foot and pastern, and be frequently renewed. 
 This will relieve its painful pressure on the 
 swelled and tender parts beneath. The shoe 
 should be removed, the sole pared as thin as pos- 
 sible, the crust and quarters well washed — all 
 this should be done gently. Sedatives and cool- 
 ing medicines should be diligently administered, 
 consisting of digitalis_, nitre and tartar emetic. 
 
54 ACUTE. FOUNDER. 
 
 1 drachm digitales, 2 draclims tartar emetic, 3 
 drachm saltpetre. If no amendment is appa- 
 rent after this, blood should again be extracted 
 on the following day. In extreme cases, a third 
 bleeding may be justifiable, and instead of the 
 poultice, cloths kept wet with water in which 
 nitre has been dissolved, in the proportion of 
 an ounce of nitre to a pint of water. The 
 cloths should be wrapped around the feet. 
 
 Treatment — Kemedy No. 2. 
 
 Take 1 quart sweet milk, 1 quart molasses, 
 J oz. pulverized saltpetre, mix and dissolve all 
 together, give in 2 drenches about 5 minutes 
 apart: this is highly recommended by those who 
 have tried it. 
 
RESTIVEXESSj OR TA:vnNG HORSES. 55 
 
 EESTIYENESS, OR TAMING HOKSES. 
 
 IVIr. Catlin lias publislied an account, the 
 veracity of which is unimpeached, of his travels 
 among the North American Indians. ^'He coils 
 his lasso on his arm and gallops fearlessly into 
 the herd of wild horses. He soon gets it over 
 the neck of one of the number, when he instantly 
 dismounts, leaving his own horse, letting the 
 lasso pass out gradually and carefully through 
 his hands until the horse falls for want of breath. 
 The Indian advances, keeping the lasso tight 
 upon his neck until he fastens a pair of hobbles 
 on the animals two fore feet^ — then passing a 
 noose round the under jaw by which he obtains 
 great power over the affrighted animal, that is 
 rearing and plunging when it gets breath. By 
 this means he gradually advances until he is 
 able to place his hand on the animal's nose and 
 over its eyes, and at length to breathe into its 
 nostrijs, when it soon becomes docile and con- 
 quered; so that he has little else to do than 
 remove the hobbles from its feet, and lead or 
 ride it to the camp." 
 
56 BESTIYEXESS, OR TAMING HORSES. 
 
 Mr. A. B. Moss happened to read this ac- 
 count, and he felt a natural desire to ascertain 
 how far this mode of horse training might be 
 employed among the American horses. He 
 soon had an opportunity of putting the veracity 
 of the story to the test. A man on a neighbor- 
 ing farm was attempting to break a very restive 
 colt, which had foiled him in every possible way. 
 After several attempts, he succeeded in breath- 
 ing into one of the horse's nostrils, and from 
 that moment all became easy. The horse was 
 completely subdued. He suffered himself to be 
 led quietly away with a loose halter, and was 
 perfectly at command. 
 
BROOD MARES. ST 
 
 BROOD MARES. 
 
 Great care and attention should be paid to 
 brood mares, particularly three or four weeks 
 before foaling. She should be worked up to the 
 day of foalingj being very careful not to over- 
 work or exert her too much; light and moder- 
 ate work is an advantage to the animal with 
 foal. She should be fed on a little flax seed 
 meal, or the whole seed if the meal cannot be 
 obtained, twice a week at least six or eight 
 weeks before foaling, and should never fail to 
 to turn out to grass of a night for several 
 weeks previous to foaling. Should be fed on 
 bran mash through the winter, and up to the 
 time of foaling, vrhich Y>'ill be found very ad- 
 vantageous to both mare and colt. There is 
 nothing so refreshing as a bran mash with a 
 little salt in it, adding a reasonable quantity of 
 corn and oats. If this course and caution is 
 taken jiou will not loose one mare out of a hun- 
 dred, and perhaps not one out of a thousand. 
 
58 WAKTS. 
 
 WARTS. 
 
 Warts are found on tlie eye-lids, the muzzel^ 
 the ears, the belly, the neck, the penis, and the 
 prepuce. There are some caustics available, but 
 frequently they must be removed by an opera- 
 tion. 
 
 If the root is a very small it may be snapped 
 asunder close to the skin with a pair of scissors, 
 and touched with lunar caustic. 
 
 If the pedicle or stem is somewhat larger, a 
 ligature of waxed silk should be passed firmly 
 round it and tightened every day. The source 
 of nutriment being thus removed the tumor will 
 in a short time die and drop off. 
 
 If the warts are large or in considerable clus- 
 ters, it will be necessary to cast the horse in 
 order to cut them off close to the skin. The 
 root should then be seared with a red hot ironJ 
 unless these precautions are used the warts will 
 speedily sprout out again. 
 
A COMPLETE LIST 
 
 OF 
 AND THEIR USES. 
 
► 
 
 60 CELEBRATED HOUSE POWDERS. 
 
 CELEBRATED HORSE POWDERS. 
 
 For THE CURE OF Yellow Water, Hide Bound, 
 Grub Worms, Bots, &c. 
 
 These powders will cleanse the blood and give 
 new life and vigor to the animal, its effects will 
 soon he made apparent. They are harmless and 
 can he fed with safety. Take 
 
 ^ pound gentian root. 
 
 1 '^ flour of brimstone, 
 
 1 ^^ fenugreek, 
 
 ^ " alum, 
 
 ^ ^/ gum assafoetida, 
 
 1 '^ rosin, 
 
 J ^' angelica root, 
 
 J " rhubarb, 
 
 J " columbo, 
 
 1 " copperas, 
 
 1 " cut and dried tobacco, 
 
 J " cream of tartar, 
 
 J " red tartar, 
 
 1 " epsom salts, 
 
 1 " juniper berries, 
 
 ^ " garden benedict, 
 
CELEBRATED HORSE POWDERS, ^ 61 
 
 J pound salts of nitre, 
 
 1 " spice berries, 
 « . 1 " antimony^ 
 
 1 " ginger, 
 Mix and pulverize well. The glass should be 
 ground through a fine mill two or three times. 
 If the benedict and spice berries cannot be ob- 
 tained it will do well without them. 
 
 r> 
 
 DIRECTIOXS FOR USE. 
 
 he dose is 1 table spoonful night and morn- 
 ing, with bran mash or bats, which can be in- 
 creased or diminished to suit the case. By 
 leaving out tobacco it will make an excellent 
 powder for cows, hogs, sheep, &c. 
 
 m TO CUKE GALDS ON HOESES. 
 
 Take dry white lead and sprinkle it on the 
 gald twice a day, which will dry it up and cure 
 it in a short time. 
 
. 62 ^RABIAN OIL FOR HORSES. 
 
 ARABIAN OIL FOR HORSES. 
 
 This oil is an excellent mixture for sprains, 
 swellings, galds, &c. either for a human subject 
 or a horse. Take 
 
 1 quart of linseed oil, 
 
 1 pint of turpentine, 
 
 4 ounces oil of origanum 
 
 6 " oil of spike, 
 
 6 '^ spirits of camphor, 
 
 1 " oil of sassafras. 
 Mix and shake well before using, and keep the 
 vessel that contains it well corked. The spirits 
 of camphor is made by taking 95 per cent, 
 alcohol, adding as much gum camphor as it 
 will dissolve. mK 
 
 • 
 
 FOR THE BOTS. ^ 
 
 Dissolve in a pint of milk warm water J- lb. 
 of alum and give it as a drench; in ten minu- 
 tes after give 1 pint of linseed oil. . . 
 
AN INFALLIBLE LOTION. 63 
 
 AN INFALLIBLE LOTION. 
 
 FOR BLOWS, BRUISES, SWELLINtlS, SPRAINS, &C. 
 
 This lotion is truly astonishing in its effects, 
 and cannot be surpassed for the purposes for 
 which it is intended. Dissolve 2 ounces of gum 
 camphor in 1 pint of ^o per cent, alcohol, and 
 when dissolved add 
 
 2 ounces oil of turpentine, 
 2 " spirits sal amoniac, 
 
 1 " , oil origanum, 
 
 2 tablespoonsful laudanum. 
 
 This lotion must be well rubbed in with the 
 hand for a full quarter of an hour every time it 
 is used, which should be four times a day. 
 
 ^ FOR THE BLACK TONGUE. 
 
 Tak^a handful of fine salt and rub well upon 
 the tongue of the horse that has this disease, 
 which will effect a cure in two applications. It 
 is an infallible^ simple and cheap remedy. 
 
64 LOTION FOR SCRATCHES OR GREASE. 
 
 LOTION FOR SCRATCHES OR GREASE. 
 
 Take white oak bark and make a strong de- 
 ■^oction of it by boiling; then dissolve a portion 
 of pulverized alum in the decoctionj say ^ pound 
 of alum to a quart of decoctionj and it is ready 
 for use. Before applying the lotion, wash the 
 parts with warm soap suds two or three times a 
 day. ' This lotion has never been known to fail 
 when properly applied. A lotion made of alum 
 and water is said to be good. ■'" 
 
 TO QUIET OR TAME HORSES. 
 
 Take of the oil of roses 4 drops, oil of cum- 
 min 4 drops, and a portion of the wart or horney 
 substance that forms on the leg, powder it fine; 
 then drop the oil in and mix it in your hand, 
 put some up the horse's nostrils, and g^ve him 
 some in his feed. This is said to be a certain 
 remedy for taming horses, so that you may han- 
 dle them as you please. 
 
TREATMENT OF FOUNDER. - 65 
 
 TREATMENT OF FOUNDER. 
 
 As soon as it is ascertained that the horse is 
 foundered, take from the neck vein from 1 to 2 
 gallons of blood; then give 1 ounce of pulverized 
 alum, mixed with damp oats; place the horse 
 in a dry stall, ground floor is best, wrap the legs 
 U]3 as high as the knees and hock joints, with 
 WQj(j(Jlen cloths, saturate them with cold v/ater 
 
 fe^ven or eight hours; give him no food for 
 ty-four hours, and then let it be a light 
 feed of oats and bran mash mixed. In two or 
 three days turn him ou1*for exercise. If the 
 ankles continue feverish, bathe them at night 
 with equal parts of vinegar, alcohol and sweet 
 oil. 
 
 FOP. URINE BOUND. 
 
 Take dandeline leaves, make a strong decoc- 
 tion andf drench freely. A decoction made of 
 water-melon seeds will answer the same pur- 
 pose. Whiskey will generally accom'plish the 
 object. 
 
66 . FOR THE DISTEMPER. 
 
 FOR THE DISTEMPER. 
 
 Give the horse indigo water to drink: feed on 
 bran mash mixed with a small quantity of sul- 
 phor or brimstone; or you may use some good 
 korse powders, adding thereto a little of the 
 brimstone. The easiest mode to tincture the 
 water with the indigo is to put it into a common 
 muslin bag; then dip the bag into the water, 
 letting it remain until the water becomes blrre- 
 ishj or until you think it contains a sufficient 
 quantity of the indigo. Give no other water to 
 drink. This is a safe remedy. 
 
 HOOF OINTMENT. 
 
 Take 1 pound of tar and 1 pound of tallow, 
 mix them with J pound of common turpentine 
 in a stone ware dish; stir them until they are 
 thoroughly mixed together. This is an excel- 
 lent dressing for sore hoofs, for horses and oxen. 
 
EMBROCATION FOR TUB THROAT. 6T 
 
 ELIBKOCATION FOE THE THROAT. 
 
 This embrocation may be used without taking 
 the hair off. Take 
 
 2 ounces spirits of hartshern, 
 2 " oil of turpentine, 
 2 ^^ spirits of camphor, 
 1 " laudanum. 
 
 Mix well and put into a bottle; keep it well 
 •fcorked. 
 
 TO MAKE ELDER OINTMENT. 
 
 • 
 
 Take the green leaves of elder, if they can be 
 had; if not, take of the inside bark any quantity 
 and lard in proportion to the elder, then fry to 
 a crisp, which will be found very efficacious in 
 healing sores, scalds, burns, i^prains, or any hu- 
 morous swelling. The elder alone fried in the 
 same manner and strained, makes a much better 
 ointment. This is worth making and keeping 
 •on hand, as its cost is a mere trifle. 
 
68 FOE BLOOD OR BOG SPAVIN". 
 
 FOR BLOOD OR BOG SPAVIN. 
 
 For curing tlie above disease dress with mer- 
 curial ointment two or three times, and then 
 with iodinepiritment. To make mercurial oint- 
 ment, take 1 ounce of quicksilver to 3 ounces of 
 lard, heat both together until thoroughly mixed. 
 Iodine ointment is made by mixing equal quan- 
 tities of iodine and mercurial ointment well to- 
 gether, # 
 
 A GOOD HOESE POWDER. « 
 
 The following prescription will make an ex- 
 cellent powder for ordinary purposes. Take 
 
 2 pounds sulphor of brimstone, 
 
 2 " cream of tartar, 
 
 1 " antimonia, 
 
 1 " saltpetre. 
 The dose of this mixture is 1 table spoonful 
 morning and evening. ' 
 
ON BLISTERING. 69 
 
 ON BLISTEKINa. 
 
 The Spanish fly in its action is intense, yet 
 superficial. It plentifully raises the cuticle, yet 
 rarely injures the true skin and therefore sel- 
 dom blemishes. The application of other acrid 
 substances is occasionally followed by deeply 
 seated ulceration; but a blister composed of the 
 Spanish fly alone, while it does its duty leaves, 
 after a few weeks have passed, scarcely a trace 
 behind. The art of blistering consists in cut- 
 ting or rather shaving the hair close, then rub- 
 bing on the ointment at least ten minutes. As 
 soon as the vesicles have risen, which will be in 
 something like 20 hours, you may relieve the 
 animal by the application of olive or neatsfoot 
 oil. In inflammation of the lungs, &c., it 
 should be made to act sooner. The principle of 
 the blister is, that no intense inflammation can 
 exist in the neighboring parts at the same time. 
 An infusion of 2 ounces of the flies in 1 pint of 
 oil of turpentine, for several days, is frequently 
 usedj and with good effect. This is a sure and 
 safe remedy. If in the winter blanket the horse 
 to keep him warm until he is over it; put a 
 blanket over the head also if very cold. 
 
 i 
 
70 TINCTURE OF ALOES AND MYRRH. 
 
 TINCTURE OF ALOES AND MYRRH. 
 
 This will answer well for dressing either fresh 
 or old wounds. Take 
 
 8 ounces of jDowdered aloes, 
 
 1 '^ " myrrh, 
 
 1 quart spirits of wine, 
 
 1 ounce water. 
 Put these into a bottle and shake every day for 
 two weeks, when it will be'ready for use. This 
 is an excellent pre2:)aration, and can be relied 
 on. Any person having horses should never be 
 without this tincture, the cost being but a mere 
 trifle, and will often and in every case save time, 
 trouble and expense, where there is use for it. 
 
 TINCTURE OF OPIUM. 
 
 To make the above take 2 ounces of powdered 
 opium and 2 pints spirits of wine, put into a 
 bottle and shake well every day for a week, 
 when it will be ready for use. 
 
COMMON BLISTERING OINTMENT. 11 
 
 COMMON BLISTERING OINTMENT. 
 
 To make tlie above ointment wliicli may be 
 used for blistering in inflammation of tbe lungs, 
 bowels^ (fee. Take 
 
 " 1| pounds of lardj 
 
 2 ounces venice turpentine, 
 
 2 " rosin, 
 
 2J Spanish flies, powdered, 
 Melt the rosin, turpentine and lard in any com- 
 mon vessel, and when tbe mixture begins to cool 
 put in the powdered flies; mix well by stirring. 
 Before applying the blister clip or shave the 
 hair off and grease, rub well for ten minutes. 
 After it has acted, grease with lard or oil. 
 
 FOR RING BONE OR SPAVIN. . 
 
 The following will be found very useful for 
 removing ring bone or spavin, or any other bony 
 substance. Take 
 
 8 ounces of Spanish flies, 
 
 1 pound of lard, 
 
 1 " rosin, 
 
 6 ounces of venice turpentine, 
 
72 RIXG BOXE OR SPAVIN. 
 
 Melt the lard, rosin and turpentine over a slow 
 fire, and when heginning to cool add the Spanish 
 flies. Apply three mornings in succession; and 
 in twelve hours after the last application dress 
 with lard; keep out of the water while hlis- 
 tering, which may he reduced with oil and used 
 for the purpose of irritating and removing in- 
 flammation, lameness,. &c. The horse should 
 not get wet while hlistering. 
 
 SPIEITS OF PIMENTO. 
 
 To make spirits of pimento take 
 
 I pound of ground allspice, 
 1 quart of alcohol. 
 1 " of water, 
 Put these into a hottle and shake well hefore 
 using. It is now ready for use though it is hot- 
 ter to let it stand several days. This is a good 
 lotion for the wind colic after the gas has heen 
 removed. 
 
TINCTURE OF IODINE. 73 
 
 TINCTURE OF IODINE. 
 
 To make this tincture take 1 ounce of iodine, 
 1 pint of spirits of wine, and mix well. It is 
 very good for enlarged glands of tlie neck, j.oihts 
 and muscles, and may be used twice a day with- 
 out taking the hair off. 
 
 LINIMENT FOR SPRAINS, SWELLINGS, 
 
 &c. 
 
 To make this liniment, which will never fail 
 in curing sprains, swellings, &c. &c. Take 
 
 2 ounces hartshorn, 
 
 2 " spirits camphor^ 
 
 1 ^^ oil of turpentine, 
 
 ^ " laudanum. 
 Mix well together and put into a bottle, being 
 careful to keep it well corked. 
 
V4 COOLINa LOTION FOK INFLAMMATION. 
 
 COOLINa LOTION FOR INFLAMMATION 
 
 This is an excellent lotion for wonnds of the 
 eyes, &c. to he used after hleeding freely. Take 
 2 drachms sugar of lead, 
 1 " 'svhite vitriol, 
 
 • 1 pint lime water. 
 Put them into a bottle and shake often, so as to 
 dissolve the ingredients. Apply it as a wash, 
 Lathing the parts affected two or three times a 
 day. 
 
 FOR THE SWEANEY. 
 
 This is a troublesome disease, and is very 
 common amongst horses. It can easily be de- 
 tected by examining the withers, which will be 
 slightly sunk, and the skin becomes very tight 
 to the muscles and flesh; and if suffered to run 
 on, the horse will get very lame and the skin 
 tight, and the withers much sunken. I have 
 seen horses frequently have it on the rump or 
 
SWEANEY. YS 
 
 near the liip bone; it would cause the horse to 
 become very lame. This disease should be 
 attacked when first discovered, and never suffer 
 it to run on until the horse becomes very lame 
 and the parts much sunken. 
 
 Remedy. 
 
 Take 1 pint strong vinegar, 
 " 1 gill spirits turpentine, 
 " 1 oz. pulverized saltpetre. 
 Put all into a bottle, shake, mix and dissolve 
 well, and it is fit for use. Rub the liniment on 
 the sunken parts with the hand as much as will 
 soak in twice a day, until it becomes sore, and 
 the skin gets loose; then apply once a day until 
 all is used. This liniment will never fail in 
 curing if applied properly, and is the only safe 
 and sure remedy for sweaney. I have never 
 known it to fail; you may grease with sweet 
 oil 1 day after using the last time. This lini- 
 ment will take off the hair, but it will do no 
 harm, as the hair will come out in a short time 
 as fine as ever, and will not leave the least 
 blemish. The liniment must act on the skin, 
 
"76 6A\^EANEy. 
 
 and if it docs not make sore or act on tlie skin, 
 add more spirits turpentine. If you have a 
 liorse that has the sweanej, do not put yourself 
 to the trouble of getting any person to cure it 
 for yoUj or purchase any quack medicine for it; 
 hut go to work and cure it yourself, which can 
 he done for 12| cents. The horse should not 
 be worked while using it. I have known it to 
 be cured whilst working the horse, but the ani- 
 mal should not be punished in that way. In 
 case the first dose does not entirely relieve, use 
 the second time: this you will have no need for 
 if you do not work the horse. 
 
HOW TO THROW OR MAKE A HORSE LAY DOWN. YT 
 
 HOW TO THEOW OK MAKE A HOUSE 
 LAY DOWN. 
 
 Whatever you may intend the horse to do, it 
 is always necessary to give him some idea what 
 you wish him to do, and repeat whatever it may 
 he until the horse is sure to rememher it. To 
 make a horse lay down^ hend the left fore leg 
 until the hoof is nearly bottom upwards; then 
 fasten a loop over his leg above the pastern 
 joint firmly, so that he cannot get the foot 
 .down: next fasten one end of another strap 
 around his right foot above his hoof; place the 
 strap through the left leg where it is bent; keep 
 the strap in your right hand; keep on the left 
 side of the horse; let the bridle have a strap to 
 it; bring this up over the opposite side of his 
 ^neck, grasp it with your left hand, drawing the 
 strap steady, so as to draw his head to the right; 
 pull steady with the right hand strap, bearing 
 against the shoulder to cause him to move; when 
 he does move, he will come on his knees; keep 
 the strap tight, so that he cannot straighten his 
 leg; keep him in this position, turning his head 
 
78 HOW TO THROW OR MAKE A HORSE LAYDOTm. 
 
 towards you; bear against his side slightly with 
 your shoulder with an equal pressure; in ten 
 minutes or so, he will be down. As soon as he 
 is down, he will be conquered, and you can 
 handle as you please; heep his head up, now you 
 may take off the straps, straighten out his legs, 
 rub him about the face, head and neck with your 
 hand the way the hair lays; handle all his legs 
 gently, and he will soon learn that you wont 
 do him any harm. After he has laid some 15 
 or 20 minutes, let him get up again. Kest him 
 a short time, and make him lay down again as 
 before: repeat the operation three or four times 
 which is sufficient for one lesson; give him 3 or 
 4 lessons, and he will lay down by taking hold 
 of one foot, and tapping him on the other leg 
 with a stick while you have hold of his foot — 
 finally he will lay down from the motion of the 
 stipk. Before you attempt to make a horse lay 
 down, place a thick bed of hay on the floor or 
 ground, so that he cannot hurt himself in the 
 least. If your horse is very scarry, fretful or 
 skittish after you have given him one or two 
 lessons, take something that will rattle or any 
 thing that is calculated to frighten him, rattle 
 
HOW TO THROW OR JIAKE A HORSE LAI DOWN. ^9 
 
 it 'and pass over his liead and about him; he may 
 "be much frightened at first, keep his head up, 
 and he cannot get up^ and by continuing with 
 this, he will soon get used to it and not mind it. 
 It will be the same with a kicking horse after 
 you pass over him with harness, chains, &c. he 
 will soon become accustomed to it, so that you 
 can hitch him up and work him with safety. — 
 In all cases where horses have been broke of bad 
 habits, you should be cautious not to show him 
 opportunities to learn his old tricks over. The 
 most gentle horse can be spoiled and brought 
 into bad habits; so you should be careful with 
 the one that has just been broke from his bad 
 habits. 
 
 The above is the only safe and sure course 
 which you can pursue with a horse with bad 
 habits. I would here again press upon you 
 when you have him on his knees, to commence 
 patting him under the belly — continue with 
 gentle strokes upon the belly. You will in a 
 few minutes bring him to his knees behind: 
 continue the process and he will lay down and 
 submit himself to your treatment. By pro- 
 ceeding gently you may handle his feet and 
 
so HOW TO THROW OR MAKE A HORSE LAY DOWN. 
 
 legs any way you choose. By practising this 
 process a few times, you will find him perfectly 
 gentle and submissive, and will generally follow 
 you, and is unwilling to leave you unless he be 
 very wild; the first treament will answer. — 
 Should you have a very wild horse, and cannot 
 manage him, take the button or horney sub- 
 stance which grows on the back part of the 
 horse's leg; dry this, pulverize it fine, drop a 
 few drops of oil of roses and a few drops oil 
 cummin; put some of this up his nostrils: this 
 is best done by putting it in a large quill and 
 blowing it up the nostril; feed him with a small 
 portion of it from off your hand, with a little 
 oats; also breathe your breath into his nostrils; 
 by doing this, he will permit you to handle his 
 feet, legs, &c. or permit you to get on his back, 
 or suffer you to handle as you please. By pur- 
 suing these courses, and. handling occasionally, 
 always letting hinj know what you want him 
 to do, you will be able to quiet and tame a horse 
 to become perfectly gentle. 
 
RULES FOR A HORSE THAT SHIES. 81 
 
 KULES FOE A HORSE THAT SHYES. 
 
 When you have a horse that shyes or scares 
 at a stump, log or any object that may come in 
 his way, never whip him for it, or attempt to 
 force him up to it or by it. But be easy with 
 him, try and get him up to the object by gentle 
 handling; patting and rubbing him on the neck, 
 shoulders, &c. Finally you will get him up to 
 the object, and he will smell or feel it with his 
 nose. If you pursue this course he will finally 
 forget and give up the habit of scaring. If you 
 wish to satisfy yourself about this course, take 
 a buifalo robe or a red blanket, place your horse 
 in a yard and hold up the robe, moving towards 
 him; he wMl soon throw up his head, snort and 
 run. Then throw the robe down in the centre 
 of the yard; if frightened he will not rest until 
 he has touched it with his nose; he will soon 
 begin to walk toward the robe and snort, getting 
 a little closer until he touches it with his nose, 
 he will see that it will do him no harm, and 
 finally he will pick it up with his teeth and care 
 nothing about it. This will show you at once 
 6 
 
82 RULES TOT. A HORSE THAT SHIES. 
 
 that if you can get him up to the object and let 
 him feel it with his nose, he v/ill care nothing 
 about itj and soon forget his scaring, &c. — 
 When you try the robe experiment step up to 
 one side and watch his motions, and he will 
 soon give you the principle upon which he acts. 
 The same course must be pursued in breaking 
 wild colts; go up to it cautiously and by degrees, 
 never rush up to it all at once; be cautious, 
 watch the colt, and if you see that he is fright- 
 ened at your approach stop a little, and when 
 he becomes quiet approach a little nearer, and so 
 on until he will suffer you to touch his face, then 
 rub him gently the way the hair lays; continue 
 doing this until he will permit you to feel him 
 pretty near all over; then place yo}ir halter on 
 him, gently rubbing and feeling him over the 
 face and head. When you have the halter on 
 lead him over the yard cautiously; do not 
 frighten him or whip him. Never whip unless 
 he i^ very stubborn and does not fear you, then 
 you should give him a few sharp cuts vvdth the 
 whip about his hind legs so as it will crack sharp 
 and cause him to fear you. After you have 
 him started feel his face, fore legs, &c. a good 
 
RULES FOR A HORSE THAT SHIES. 83 
 
 deal more than you have whipped him, then he 
 will soon become fond of you again. After you 
 have learned him to move off, you may put on 
 the bridle and learn him by gentling him as 
 you did with the halter; you may now put on 
 the saddle, but do it cautiously, feeling him by 
 degrees, then get yourself a block about eigh- 
 teen inches high, place this by his side and 
 when he gets used to this get up on the block, 
 then put your foot in the stirrup, putting a lit- 
 tle of your weight in it by degrees; as soon as 
 you find he will bear it you can get on the sad- 
 dle and make him move off, but do it all cau- 
 tiously so as not to frighten him. When you 
 have learned him all this you may next put on 
 the harness, carefully feeling him first, and give 
 him to understand what you want him to do; 
 as soon as he finds out you will not hurt him 
 he will suffer the harness to be put on; now you 
 may hitch him to a light log, and learn him to 
 pull this first; when he does this well use a 
 heavier one, and when he does this all well. you 
 can hitch him up in a wagon or sulky, but do 
 it all carefully, and do not frighten him or you 
 may make a bad job of it. The above principle 
 
84 RULES FOR A HORSE THAT SHIES. 
 
 should always be carried out in every thing yon 
 wish the horse to learn. You cannot expect a 
 man to do any piece of work for you unless he 
 understands it, or has learned the principle of 
 it, much less can you expect a horse to do some- 
 thing he knows nothing about. If you pursuo 
 this course you can soon get the horse to under- 
 stand what you want him to do, and he will 
 become very fond of you.* I will here state that 
 if you have a very stubborn colt or horse, you 
 may use the. oil of roses and oil of cummin 
 with the powdered button, which should be 
 blown into his nostrils. 
 
TO BREAK A KICKING HORSE. 85 
 
 HOW TO DEIYE OR BREAK A KICKINa 
 HORSE. 
 
 Or horses witli bad habits. First take up one 
 fore foot, bend his leg till his hoof is bottom up- 
 wardj then slip a loop over his knee above the 
 pastern joint to keep it tight. This should be 
 done with a leather strap, forming a loop around 
 the one, and so fixed as to buckle around the 
 other; be careful so as to fasten it so as it can- 
 not slip down or come loose, or you may pass a 
 loop over the leg, and with another strap tie 
 the loop close together, between the leg, so as 
 to prevent it from coming down. This will 
 leave the horse on three legs. You can* handle 
 now as you wish, as it is impossible for him to 
 kick whilst his leg is up. This will con- 
 quer the horse quicker than any other course 
 which you can pursue, and especially a kicker 
 or one that runs off when he has the chance so 
 to do. 
 
 The surest plan for a horse that will attempt 
 to run off as soon as you hitch him up, is to fas- 
 ten np his leg as directed above or learn him to 
 
86 TO BREAK A KICKING HORSE. 
 
 liop along on tliree legs awhile, whicli lie will 
 soon learn to do. Exercise him two or three 
 times, in this way fifteen or twenty minutes at 
 a time, or until conquered, allowing his leg to 
 be loosed. When you have learned him to walk 
 in this way, fasten up his leg and put the har- 
 ness on him and hitch up to sulky. Now you 
 may drive off and need not he fearful of the 
 horse kicking or doing any damage Vv^hile one 
 foot is up, nor can he kick or run fast enough to 
 do any harm. But you can now drive him as 
 you please. Should he want to run let him 
 have the lines and whip too, with perfect safety; 
 by doing this two or three times you will cure 
 him at once of running off. The horse will be 
 frightened at first, but he will soon see that you 
 do not want to hurt him and will not care any- 
 thing more about it. You can finally let down 
 the leg and drive off gently without any further 
 trouble. 
 
 I will here give you Pvnother plan to break or 
 prevent a horse from kicking whilst working 
 him. Loop a strap or rope around the horse's 
 hind leg, with one end and with the other end 
 fasten around the foreleg, allowing it just,long 
 
TO BREAK A KICKING HORSE. 8*7 
 
 enough for him to make a step, in order to keep 
 the strap from dragging on the ground or being 
 in his way while walking. Pass a strap around 
 his hack, letting it pass under his belly and 
 fasten it up in this way; this properly done will 
 soon conquer him, as it is impossible for him to 
 kick whilst the strap is to his legs. 
 
 I w411 still give you another plan to prevent 
 a horse from kicking. Loop a strap around the 
 hind leg; let it pass through between the fore 
 legs, thence through the ring of the bridle bit, 
 allowing the strap just long enough for him to 
 make the step, now fasten the strap. You can 
 now drive off with, safety, as it is utterly impos- 
 sible for him to kick or to do any harm. You 
 should pass a strap around, the horse's back and 
 fasten up the strap or rope to prevent it from 
 dragging on the ground. 
 
 Another still to prevent a horse from kicking 
 v/hen hitched up in shafts, if he will stand quiet 
 long enough to fasten in the shafts, v/hen you 
 have him hitched up, loop a strong strap around 
 the shaft on the one side, let it pass over the 
 hips and fasten it to the shaft on the opposite 
 side; next fasten the strap to the harness at the 
 
88 T.0 BREAK A EICIvIX(J HORSE. 
 
 top, SO as to prevent it from slipping down; 
 you can now drive off with safety, as far as tlie 
 kicking is concerned; for lie cannot kick to do 
 any harm if the strap stays firmly at its place, 
 and the vehicle heavy enough to prevent him 
 from raising it. 
 
FOR THE BLACKSilillTH. • 89 
 
 FOR THE BLACKSMITH. 
 
 If you have a horse which you cannot man- 
 age to shoe, take up his leg as directed in the 
 kicking horse, and handle him awhile, patting 
 and rubbing all his legs, &c.; when he becomes 
 quiet, let his leg down to rest; then take it up 
 again and rub his legs as before, and let him 
 know what you are about to do to him; then 
 let his leg down and commence to shoe. Should 
 he be very fretful yet, and will not suffer you 
 to put on the shoe, you will meet Avith success 
 by making him lay down and perform as directed 
 in making the horse lay down. 
 
90 CURE FOR BOTS. 
 
 CURE FOR BOTS. 
 
 Mix 1 pint honey with 1 quart sweet milk; 
 give as a drench; 1 hour after dissolve 1 oz. pul- 
 verized coppeas 1 pint of water^ use as a drench; 
 then give 1 quart linseed oil; this cure is said 
 to he effectual. The principle of giving the 
 horse the sweet drench is good; it will gener- 
 ally cause the hots to let loose and take a fill 
 of the sweet drench; then you should not fail 
 to give plenty of phvsic to carry them off. 
 
TO MAKE A HORSE FOLLOW YOU. 91 
 
 HOW TO MAKE A HOESE FOLLOW YOU. 
 
 Put your horse into a large stable or small 
 yard; commence to gentle liim a little^ take 
 hold of the halter or bridle^ turn him towards 
 you, touching him v/ith a long whip; at the 
 same time lead him the length of the stable or 
 yard, rubbing him on the neck, face and head; 
 say to him gently as you lead, come along boy_, 
 or better to use his name: whenever you turn, 
 touch him slightly with the whip, so as to make 
 him step up close to you; then gentle him again 
 with your hand as before; he will soon learn to 
 escape the whip and to be gentled with the hand; 
 he will soon learn to follow you around without 
 taking hold of the halter or bridle. Should he 
 stop or turn from you, give him a few cuts about 
 the hind legs; he will soon turn his head towards 
 you, when you must always gentle him with 
 your hand. A few lessons will make him follow 
 you or run after you if he sees the motion of the 
 whip; in a half hour he will follow you about 
 the stable or yard. After you have given him 
 3 or 4 lessons in this way, you can take into a 
 lot and from thence into the road, and he will 
 follow you any where and run after you. 
 
92 TO LEARN HIM TO STAND STILL. 
 
 HOW TO LEAKN HIM TO STAND STILL. 
 
 Commence to gentle liim with your liand about 
 the head, &c. Should he move give him a cut 
 witli the whip and put him back in the same 
 place if he stands; gentle him with the hand as 
 before, and continue in this until you can get 
 around him without making him move; continue 
 walking around him, increasing your walk, 
 touching him occasionally; enlarging your cir- 
 cle as you walk around, and if he should move, 
 give him a cut with the whip and put him again 
 in bis place; if he stands go up to him frequent- 
 ly and gentle him with' your hand;- then walk 
 around him again. Do not keep him in one 
 position too long at a time; permit him to come 
 to you and walk him around or about with you; 
 then stand him at another place, and continue 
 as before. Do not train him more than half an 
 hour at a time. You should never attempt to 
 train a horse to do more than one thing at a 
 time. Learn him the one which you have com- 
 menced on well first; then in no case should you 
 attempt to learn him another under a week or 
 so, always using caution no matter what you 
 wish him to do or learn. 
 
A LIST OF MEDICINES 
 
 BELONGING TO THE HORSE, 
 
 THEIR PROPERTIES AND USE. 
 
 ANTIMONY. 
 
 A compound of sulplior and antimony is a 
 good alterative. It is given with sulplior and 
 nitre in varying quantities. 
 
 SPASMODICS. 
 
 Of tliese opium stands first on our list, next 
 peppermint, tincture of pimento, turpentine, 
 camph.or, assafoetida, &c. 
 
 SPIRITS OF CAMPHOR. 
 
 The spirits of camphor is made by taking 95 
 per cent, alcohol, put in as nauch gum camphor 
 as it will dissolve. 
 
^4 , VINEGAR. 
 
 VINEGAR. 
 
 Vinegar is a very useful application for sprains 
 hruises, &c. Equal parts of boiling water and 
 cold vinegar will form a good fomentation; 
 extract of lead or bay salt may be added with 
 fcome advantage. 
 
 ALCOHOL— RECTIFIED SPIRITS. 
 
 This is used in making many tinctures and 
 other preparations; 3 or 4 ounces of which are 
 largely diluted with water, and given to a liorse 
 that has become fatigued while on a journey, 
 will cause him to rally and cheerfully pursue 
 his course to the pnd of the day's travel. 
 
 AQUA-FORTIS. 
 
 This is a valuable external application for 
 destroying fungus excrescences. A pledget of 
 tar should be dipped in the acid, then firmly 
 pressed on the cankerous surface. Every part 
 with which the acid comes in contact will be 
 deadened and slough off, when healthy granu- 
 lations spring up. 
 
ALOES. 
 
 95 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID. 
 
 Sulphuric acid is a good application for tlie 
 thrush and canker, and in fact the only thing 
 that can be relied on. It is occasionally used 
 with tar in the proportion of an ounce of acid 
 to 1 pound of tar. 
 
 ALOES. 
 
 The Barbadoes aloes is the best for the horse. 
 They are of a dark brown color; they are very 
 useful for physic^ and the dose is from J to 1 
 ounce, which should be given immediately in 
 cases where it is needed. They are also very 
 useful in the form of a tincture, to make which 
 8 ounces of powdered aloes and 1 ounce of pow- 
 dered myrrh, put into 2 quarts of alcohol dilu-^ 
 ted with an equal quantity of water. This mix- 
 ture should be well shaken once a day for a • 
 fortnight, and be suffered to stand, in order that 
 the undissolved portion may fal] to the bottom. 
 This constitutes an excellent application for 
 wounds, v/hether recent or of long standing and 
 indisposed to heal. It is not only a gentle stim- 
 ulant but it forms a thin coat over the wound, 
 and shields it from the action of the air. 
 
96 ALUM. 
 
 ALUM. 
 
 Is occasionally used internally in cases of su- 
 purgation, in the form of alum whey: — two 
 drachms of pulverized alum being put into a 
 pint of hot milk; yet there are much better as- 
 tringents. Its principal use is external. A 
 solution of 2 drachms to a pint of water makes 
 alonCj or with the addition of a small quantity 
 of white vitriol, a very useful wash for cracked 
 heels, grease and those forms of swelled legs, 
 attended with moisture through the skin. 
 
 MURIATIC ACID OR SPIRITS OF SALT. 
 
 This acid is very strong and should be bottled 
 and corked tight. As soon as it touches any 
 muscular or living part, a change of color is 
 perceived. It is good for corns, canker thrush, 
 and for every case where caustic is needed, this 
 acid is unrivalled. 
 
 MUSTARD. 
 
 This will be found useful in inflammation of 
 the chest or bowels. When using, it should be 
 well rubbed on. 
 
CANTH^RIDES. 9T 
 
 CANTHARIDES. 
 
 Are the "basis of the most approved and use- 
 ful blister. In blistering, the hair should be cut 
 or rather shaved off close, then rubbing in the 
 ointment well for at least 15 minutes, repeating 
 it every day until it does its work. After it has 
 acted you may relieve the torture of the animal 
 by the application of olive oil or lard. In deep 
 seated sprains or inflammations, the blister 
 should not be discontinued too hurriedly. An 
 infusion of 2 ounces of the flies in a pint of oil 
 of turpentine for several days is used as a liquid 
 blister, and when sufiiciently reduced with com- 
 mon oil, is called a sweating oil, and gradually 
 abates or removes old or deep inflammation or 
 cause of lameness. 
 
 CHAECOAL. 
 
 This is occasionally used with linseed meal, 
 for poulticing offensive ulcers and cracked heels; 
 it removes the unwholesome smell and purfies 
 the parts so that they heal easily. 
 1 
 
98 BALL OR PILLS. 
 
 BALL OR PILLS. 
 
 The usual and most convenient mode of ad- 
 ministering medicines, is in the form of halls 
 compounded with sweet oil. Balls should never 
 weigh more than li ounces, otherAvise they will 
 he so large as not to pass down the gullet. They 
 should not he more than one inch in diameter, 
 and three inches in length. The mode of de- 
 livering halls is not difficult to acquire. The 
 horse should he hacked in the stall, the tongue 
 dra^-n out gently with the left hand on the off 
 side of the mouth, not continuing to pull, hut 
 hy pressing the finger against the lower jaw. 
 The hall heing now taken hetween the tips of 
 the fingers of the right hand, is passed rapidly 
 up the mouth as near the j^talate as possihle, un- 
 til it reaches the root of the tongue. It is then 
 delivered with a slight jerk, the hand heing im- 
 mediately withdrawn. Its passage should he 
 watched down the left side of the throat; if it 
 does not pass down a slight tap under the jaw 
 or chin, will generally cause the horse to swallow 
 it, or a few gulps of water will convey in into 
 the stomach. Very few balls should be kept 
 made. 
 
CLYSTEKS. 99 
 
 CLYSTERS. 
 
 These are useful and too often neglected means 
 of hastening the bowels to their speedy action, 
 where diseases require it. The old ox bladder 
 filled and tied on the wooden or elder pipe, an- 
 swers every purpose for injecting the fluid into 
 the intestines. For a moderate clyster take 2 
 ounces of soft or yellow soap, mix with 1 gallon 
 of warm water; for a more active clyster take J 
 pound epsom salts, dissolve in the same quan- 
 tity of water. 
 
 LINSEED. 
 
 An infusion of linseed is often used instead 
 of water for the drink of a horse with a sore 
 throat, catarrh, disease of the urinary organs, 
 or of the bowels. Thin gruel is preferable, 
 being as soothing and more nutritious. Linseed 
 meal makes an excellent poultice for almost any 
 purpose. 
 
100 DIGrTALIS. 
 
 DIGITALIS. 
 
 This should be powdered, put into a black 
 bottle, corked tight, and kept in a dark place 
 It is one of the most valuable medicines in ver- 
 tinary practice, and on account of its action in 
 diminishing the pulse and general irritability 
 of the system, is very useful in inflammations,, 
 &c. It is usually given in combination with 
 emetic tartar and nitre. The average dose is 1 
 drachm of digitalis, 1^ drachms emetic tartar? 
 and 3 drachms of nitre, repeated twice or three 
 times a day. When the horse begins to amend 
 the dose must be diminished one-half, and in a 
 few days it may be omitted altogether^ but the 
 emetic'tartar and the nitre should be continued 
 during several days. 
 
 PITCH. 
 
 Is used in plasters. The best plaster for sand 
 crack consists of 1 pound of pitch and 1 ounce 
 of yellow beeswax melted together. 
 
MASHES. 101 
 
 MASHES. 
 
 Constitute a very important provender in sick- 
 ness or health. A mash given occasionally to 
 a horse that is fed on dry meat, prevents him 
 from hecoming dangerously costive. To the 
 over-worked and tired horse, nothing is so 
 refreshing as a warm mash, with his usual 
 allowance of corn in it. Mashes are used for 
 putting horses in good order for sale, giving him 
 a round and plump appearance. They are made 
 by pouring boiling water on bran, stirring it well 
 cover over with a cloth^ and let it remain until 
 cool enough for the horse to eat; if in the heat 
 of summer, a cold mash is preferable, — yet it 
 should be made with hot water, and remain 
 until it is cold. 
 
 GINGER. 
 
 Is as valuable as a cordial as the gentian is 
 as a tonic. These are both valuable in horse 
 powders. 
 
102 FOMENTATIONS. 
 
 FOMENTATIONS. 
 
 Are to open the pores of tlie skin and promote 
 perspiration in the part, so as to abate local 
 swellings, relieve pain and lessen inflammation. 
 The effect depends upon the warmth of the water 
 and not upon any herb that may have been 
 boiled in it; they are best applied by means of 
 flannel dipped in the hot>water, or on which the 
 water is poured, which should be as hot as the 
 hand will bear. The fomentation should be 
 continued for 15 or 20 minutes, but if kept on 
 with for half an hour will be better. The parts 
 fomentated should be wrapped or covered up 
 warm. Great good has sometimes resulted from 
 fomentations. 
 
 GENTIAN. 
 
 Stands at the head of vegetable tonics, an 
 infusion of which is one of the best applications 
 for putrid ulcers known. 
 
OPIUM. 103 
 
 OPIUM. 
 
 Is the most valuable drug on the list as an 
 anti-spasmoclic; it is also a sedative and astrin- 
 gent. As an anti-spasmodic it enters into the 
 colic drink; as a sedative it relaxes spasms of 
 the muscular system. Opium should, however, 
 be given with caution. In the early acute stage 
 of fever it will be a bad practice to give it even 
 in the smallest quantity. When the fever has 
 passed it may be given with great benefit. 
 
 POULTICES. 
 
 Few persons are aware of the value of these 
 simple applications in abating inflammation, 
 relieving pain, cleansing wounds, and disposing 
 them to heal. In all inflammations of the foot 
 they are very beneficial, by softening the horn 
 hardened by the heat of the inflamed foot. — 
 Linseed meal forms the best general poultice. 
 
104 DRINKS OR DRENCHES. 
 
 DRINKS OR DRENCHES. 
 
 A drink is not so porta"ble as a "ball; it is more 
 troublesome to administer, and a portion of it 
 is usually wasted. Medicines given as a drench 
 will act upon the horse much quicker than when 
 given in balls, but the great objection is in wast- 
 ing a portion. Too much of the drink should 
 not be forced into the horse's mouth at once, as 
 it will be found very difficult to make him swal- 
 low large quantities; small portions should be 
 given, which he should be made to swallow be- 
 fore any more is put into the mouth. 
 
 TAR. 
 
 Melted with an equal quantity of grease forms 
 the usual stopping of the farrier. It is warm 
 or slightly stimulant, and is therefore useful in 
 dressing bruised or wounded feet; it prevents 
 the penetration of dirt and water to the wounded 
 part; it is also useful in chronic coughs. 
 
LINIMENTS. 105 
 
 LINIMENTS. 
 
 Are designed to remove deep seated pain and 
 inflammation, by gently stimulating the skin. 
 The following is an excellent liniment for old 
 swellings, sprains^ or rheumatism: 2 ounces of 
 hartshorn, 2 ounces camphorated spirits, 1 ounce 
 oil of turpentine, and | ounce of laudanum, 
 mixed well together; or 1 ounce of camphor may 
 be dissolved in 4 ounces of sweet oil, to which 
 may be added 1 ounce of oil of turpentine. A 
 little powdered cantharides or tincture of can- 
 tharides or ground mustard, will render either 
 of these more powerful, or convert it into a 
 liquid blister. 
 
 SULPHUE. 
 
 Is the basis of the most effectual application 
 for mange. It is an excellent alterative, com- 
 bined usually with antimony and nitre, partic- 
 ularly for mange, surfeit, grease, hidebound or 
 want of condition,.and it is a useful ingredient in 
 the cough and fever ball. 
 
106 COMMON SALT. 
 
 COMMON SALT. 
 
 Is very useful in a clyster. A solution of it 
 lias been given as an aperient drink, sprinkled 
 over liay or in masli, it is very palatable to sick 
 horses; few things will so soon recall the appe- 
 tite as a drink composed of 6 or 8 ounces of 
 salt in solution. Horses in health, it promotes 
 the digestion of the food. There are few better 
 lotions for inflamed eyes than a solution of ^ 
 ounce of salt, in 4 pints of water. An ounce of 
 salt to 8 pints of water is a good embrocation 
 for sore shoulders and back. 
 
 TURPENTINE. 
 
 The common liquid turpentine has been des- 
 cribed as one of the best diuretics; for the re- 
 moval of cholic it stands unrivalled; with can- 
 tharides it is the basis of the. sweating blister 
 for old sprains and swellings; 
 
CHLORIDE OF LIMB. 107 
 
 CHLOEIDE OF LIME. 
 
 This is very good for removing tlie smell of 
 fistula^, withers^ poll evil and ill conditioned 
 wounds and ulcerations. Chloride diluted with 
 twenty times its quantity of water, and used as 
 a wash for the wounds, will remove any infec- 
 tion that may lurk ahout them. One pint of 
 the chloride, mixed with 3 gallons of water and 
 brushed over the walls, manger and rack of the 
 foulest stable, will completely remove all infec- 
 tions. 
 
 GINGER ROOT. 
 
 This is an excellent stimulant. It is useful 
 in loss of appetite and flatulent colic, while it 
 rouses the intestinal canal to its proper action. 
 The ginger and gentian powdered is also very 
 much used. Brown sugar is useful in the loss 
 of appetite. 
 
108 ZINC OR CALAMINB POWDER. 
 
 ZINC OR CALAMINE POWDER 
 
 This made into an ointment is valuable for 
 healing. Take five ounces of lard, one ounce 
 of rosin, melt them together and when these 
 begin to get cool, stir in 2 ounces of calamine, 
 finely powdered. If the wound is not healthy, 
 a small quantity of common turpentine may be 
 added. This salve justly deserves the name of 
 healing ointment. The calamine is sometimes 
 sprinkled with advantage on cracked heels. 
 
 THOMPSON'S NO. 6. 
 
 . This is a good carminative for relieving colic, 
 arresting mortification, and for sprains, rheu- 
 matism, pains, &c. As a general stimulant it 
 may be taken in teaspoonful doses in water and 
 repeated as the case demands. Take J gallon 
 of fourth proof brandy, ^ pound pulverized gum 
 myrrh and J ounce of African pepper, mix and 
 macerate for ten days, when it will be ready for 
 use. 
 
LIST OF 
 
 DOMESTIC MEDICINES 
 ' RECEIPTS, &c. 
 
CEMENT ?0 MEND CHINA AND CLASS. Ill 
 
 CEMENT TO MEND GLASS AND CHINA. 
 
 Take 2 iDounds good guD^hellac, 2 ounces 
 pulverized borax; put into an earthen crock, 
 filled half full of water; boil until all is dis- 
 solved, then take out a portion and roll into 
 sticks while hot, on a table or smooth board. 
 
 Directions for Use. 
 
 Heat the edges of the ware over a fire or hot 
 stove^ then heat the cement in the same manner; 
 put the cement on the edges of the ware regu- 
 larly, heat it again along the edges and place 
 together as quick as possible, holding them firm 
 until the cement cools, being careful to put the 
 pieces together as they came off, so as it will fit 
 nicely. If done properly it will hold so firm 
 that the ware will break some other place before 
 where it has been mended. 
 
 LUNAR CAUSTIC. 
 
 Is very useful in curing bites of rabkl dogs, 
 and for removing ulcerations of any kind. 
 
112 AMERICAN HELEBORE. 
 
 .AMERICAN HELEBORE. 
 
 MedicatVroperties and Use. 
 
 This has "been tried by many physicians and 
 has proved a valuable remedy in chronic rheu- 
 matism and gout. It is certainly a powerful 
 emetic when given in large doses, and the effect 
 continues a long time. In over doses it effects 
 the functions of the brain and nervous system_, 
 in a powerful manner producing giddiness, pros- 
 tration of strength, &c. It has arrested the 
 paroxysm of gout and given relief in some un- 
 yielding cases of chronic rheumatism. It re- 
 quires to be given with great caution and under 
 vigilant restrictions. The mode of administra- 
 tion is in the form of a tincture. A saturated 
 tincture is made in wine and 3 parts of this is 
 mixed with 1 of the wine of opium; of this 
 mixture from 15 to 20 drops. In some cases 
 however, 1 drachm of the mixture will be re- 
 quired to give relief, which quantity generally 
 vomits and always gives relief The proper 
 method of preparing this tincture is to macerate 
 8 ounces of the sliced root in 2J pints of span- 
 
AMERICAN HELEBORE. 113 
 
 ish. white wine, let it stand for 15 days and 
 filter. Before given, it must be mixed with one- 
 fonrth its quantity of the wine of opium; from 
 15 to 60 drops is a dose. In some cases less 
 than the nauseating point will cure the disease, 
 if not it must he carried to that point. 
 
 EMETIC FOK POISON. 
 
 * 
 
 If poison should he administered or swallowed 
 accidentally, take two tahlespoonsful of ground 
 mustard, mixed with warm water, which will 
 operate as an instantaneous emetic. 
 
 INDIAN TURNIP. 
 
 Medical Properties and use. 
 
 The Indian turnip, when partially dried and 
 
 grated and mixed with honey, is good for the 
 
 coughs of old persons, when there is no fever. 
 
 It also enters into many of the cough syrups. 
 
 8 
 
114 SENECA SNAEEROOT. 
 
 SENECA SNAKEROOT. 
 
 In chronic rheumatism it has been of great 
 service by its universal stimulant and diuretic 
 effects. If however an ounce of the root be boiled 
 in a pint of water to a strong tea^ and all be 
 taken at o»ce, a violent vomiting, purging and 
 diuresis occurs. The disease has been known 
 to yield to one dose, but this is a desperate one, 
 and shouldr^-hot be ventured upon by a person 
 much debilitated; take a wine glass full 3 times 
 until the water is evacuated in uterine com- 
 plaints, — especially in painful menstruation is 
 the seneca a good remedy. Begin one day be- 
 fore the return of the catatmenia and take it in 
 Buch portions as the stomach will bear, every 
 two hours until the flow commences. For this 
 put 1 ounce of the root in a pint of water, give 
 a small wine glass full every one, two or three 
 hours. 
 
CESIENT FOFw GRAFTING. 115 
 
 CEMENT FOR GRAFTING. 
 
 Take 1 pound of beeswax, 1 pound of rosin, 
 1 pound of tallow; put all into a pan and heat 
 until the ingredients are melted, after cooling it 
 will be ready for use. When using put a coat 
 of the cement over the grafted part, thick enough 
 to prevent the rain and air from penetrating. 
 
 GUAIACUM, AMMONIATED TINCTURE. 
 
 Take 4 ounces powdered gum guaiacum, IJ 
 pints spirits of ammonia, put them together and 
 let the mixture stand for fourteen days, when it 
 will be ready for use. Shake the bottle occa- 
 sionally. This is a celebrated remedy in the 
 treatment of chronic rheumatism. The dose is 
 from one to two teaspoonsful three times a day, 
 given in milk or some mucilaginous tea. The 
 stomach must be well cleaned before the tinc- 
 ture is used, and the diet light. 
 
116 COMPOUND TINCTURE OP GENTIAN. 
 
 COMPOUND TINCTURE OF GENTIAN. 
 
 Take of gentian root bruised 2 ounces, orange 
 peel do. 2 ounces, cardamom seed do. ^ ounce, 
 proof whiskey 1 quart; add tlie other ingre- 
 dients to the whiskey, and skake the bottle once 
 a day for fourteen days, when it will be ready 
 for use. This is much used in dyspepsia and 
 debilitated states of the digestive organs. The 
 stomach should be cleaned before it is given. 
 It is not admissable where there is fever. Dose 
 from one to two teaspoonsful in water, to be re- 
 peated before breakfast, dinner and supper. 
 
 OINTMENT FOR MILCH SCALD ON THE 
 FACES OF INFANTS. 
 
 Take 6 drachms of beefs marrow, 2 drachms 
 oil of sweet almonds, 1 drachm red peruvian 
 bark, powdered, mix and melt over a slow fire. 
 Apply every day, washing it off every morning 
 with mild soap. 
 
SIMPLE TIXCTURE OP RHUBARB. lit 
 
 SIMPLE TINCTURE OF RHUBARB. 
 
 Take o£ best Turkey rhubarb 3 ounces and 
 pulverize, good whiskey 1 quart, add the rhu- 
 barb to the whiskey and shake it every day for 
 a week, then let it stand ten days and filter 
 through pa^Der, or let it stand without filtering. 
 From a tea spoonful to a large table spoonful is 
 a dose according to the age of the person and 
 nature of the case. It is a good purgative in 
 costive habits. Take it at bed time in sweet- 
 ened water. 
 
 SIMPLE SYRUP OF RHUBARB. 
 
 Take of best Turkey rhubarb 2 ounces, water 
 1 pint, macerate the rhubarb in the water warm 
 for twenty-four hours; ''strain off, add 2 pounds 
 of refined white sugar and simmer until they 
 are well mixed, add 2 tablespoonsful of whiskey, 
 stop it tight in a bottle for use. This is a good 
 medicine for infants in teaspoonful doses. 
 
118 AMERICAN COLUaiBO. 
 
 AMERICAN COLUMBOr 
 
 Medical Projpertics and Use. 
 
 This is a mild tonic, calculated to meet the 
 indications alike with the other bitters of its 
 class. It is a very good and pleasant tonic in 
 indigestion and dyspepsia, improving the appe- 
 tite and digestion. It is given in infusion and 
 in substance — 1 ounce of the pulverized root in- 
 fused in a pint of boiling water. A small wine 
 glass full of the infusion may be taken once in 
 
 2 hours, or from thirty to sixty grains of the 
 pulverized substance, in sweetened water, from 
 
 3 to 5 times a day; but the most common way 
 of using the columbo is in combination with 
 other tonics,, such as gentian, orange peel, and 
 columbo, of each 1 ounce powdered, then add 
 to them 1 quart of whiskey, of which bitters a 
 table spoonful may be taken in water three 
 times a day, as a tonic in cases of debility. 
 
BLACK ALDER. 119 
 
 BLACK ALDEK. 
 
 The berries of this plant are sometimes used, 
 but the bark is the proper medicinal part of the 
 shrub. It is best adapted to the cure of flabby, 
 ill-conditioned ulcers and mortifications, in 
 which a strong decoction is freely used with 
 great benefit. It should be given internally 
 several times a day, as well as applied as a wash 
 and poultice to the parts. A saturated tincture, 
 both of the bark and berries is used internally. 
 
120 THE PRICKLE Y ASH. 
 
 THE PKICKLEY ASH. 
 
 Its Medical Properties and Use. 
 
 The prickley ash has a good reputation in the 
 United States as a remedy in chronic rheuma- 
 tism. In that disease its operation seems anal-- 
 agous to that of mazorion and guaiacum, which 
 it nearly resemhles in its sensible properties. 
 Many physicians place so much confidence in it 
 that it is generally kept by the ajDothecaries. 
 It is most frequently given in decoction — an 
 ounce being boiled in a quart of water and 
 taken in small quantities, frequently repeated. 
 Dr. George Hayward. of Boston, took it in his 
 own case of chronic rheumatism with evidently 
 good effect; he took a pint of the decoction a 
 day, diluted with water so as to weaken its pun- 
 gency. The powdered bark may be taken in 
 doses of from 10 to 20 grains, and frequently 
 repeated. Dr. Bigelow says it is also given with 
 good effect in cases of old indolent sores; it is 
 given internally and applied to the sore in the 
 form of a wash. Doctors Barton and Thatcher 
 both speak highly of this medicine. 
 
AI^IERICAN GENTRAURY. 121 
 
 AMERICAN GENTRAURY. 
 
 Its Medical Froperties and Use. 
 
 • Every part of this plant is a pure and very 
 strong bitter. It is used in form of tea or tinc- 
 ture and is good for ague and fever. It was 
 used in the yellow fever at Philadelphia with 
 good effect. It may be given even when the 
 fever is on^ in such quantities as the stomach 
 will bear. It is not apt to nauseate and is an 
 excellent tonic for the stomach , which improves 
 the appetite and promotes digestion. It is high- 
 ly recommended by Drs. Barton, Chapman and 
 Elliott, all of whom are physicians of high re- 
 spectability. 
 
 DANDELINE. 
 
 Has been much employed in Germany and 
 the United States^ and is certainly a valuable 
 
122 DANDELDfE. 
 
 remedy in clironic diseases of the liver and the 
 digestive organs generally. It is also a good 
 remedy in diseases of the spleen. It is benefi- 
 cial in consumption and as a general alterative 
 when combined with sarsaparilla, and invalu- 
 . able in scrofula. One ounce of the fresh root, 
 or i- ounce of the dried, and the same quantity of 
 sarsaparilla put into a pitcher and a pint of 
 boiling water poured on it at night, to be used 
 at pleasure next day, so that all is taken before 
 bed time, or as much more as the stomach will 
 bear. This repeated for a month, produces a 
 fine effect on the system, when the blood needs 
 purifying or in cases of chronic affections of 
 the liver. 
 
 BLOOD BOOT OR PERCOON ROOT. 
 
 Medical Properties and Use. 
 
 The blood root is an active emetic and cathar- 
 tic, which acts finely on the liver. It has been 
 given in pneumonia^ catarrh, whooping cough. 
 
BLOOD ROOT OR PERCOON ROOT. 123 
 
 croup, consumption, rheumatism, jaundice and 
 dropsy of the chest. For rheumatism, it may 
 be given in 2 or 3 grain pills, 3 or 4 times a 
 day. It is an effectual remedy for the yellow 
 water jn horses: 3 or 4 ounces of the fresh root 
 may he bruised and a pint of water added, the 
 juice of which should he squeezed out for a 
 drench; 1 or 2 doses will cure. It purges the 
 horse freely. The tincture is often used: 2 
 ounces of the root to a quart of spirits makes 
 the tincture^ | an ounce of which is a dose for 
 an adult. 
 
 BONESET OR THOROUGHWORT. 
 
 Medical Properties and Use. 
 
 Thoroughwort is tonic, diaphoretic, and in 
 large doses emetic and purgative. It is good in 
 intermittent fevers to break the chill, if given in 
 large doses in the form of warm tea as the chill 
 comes on; in less doses a little warm it will 
 sweat the patient freely; in large draughts taken 
 
124 BONESET OR THOROUGHWORT. 
 
 cold it acts as a tonic and prevents the return of 
 the chill. It is good in pleurisy as a sweat or 
 in heavy colds; it is also good when made into 
 a syrup for bad coughs, and in some forms of 
 consumption, where the patient is weak and the 
 skin hot and dry. It grows in almost every 
 part of the United States, hut mostly in the 
 Western and Southern divisions^ and should be 
 gathered in September. Every part of the j)lant 
 is medicinal, but the leaves and flowers are best. 
 It should always be given in the form of a tea. 
 
 BITTER ROOT OR SILKWEED. 
 
 m 
 
 Medical Frojoerties and Use. 
 
 The root is the part used in the form of bit- 
 ters in asthma and cartarrh, also coughs and 
 dyspepsia and in rheumatism. It may be taken 
 in the form of bitters in quantities sufficient to 
 purge gently and freely, or in powder in 20 
 grain doses, 3 times a day, or it may be given 
 in strong infusion, 1 ounce of the root to a pint 
 of water and drink in such doses as the stomach 
 will bear. 
 
PLEUEISY ROOT. 125 
 
 PLEURISY ROOT. 
 
 Medical Properties and Use. 
 
 It has long been employed by the regular med- 
 ical faculty as a valuable medicine in pleurisy, 
 catarrh, pneumonia, consumption and other dis- 
 eases of the breast, and is evidently useful in all 
 these cases. It is good in acute rheumatism and 
 dyspepsia. It may be. given in the form of a 
 strong tea, or in powder; if in powder from 20 
 to 60 grains may be given several times a day, 
 in sweetened water. 
 
 EXTEMPORE GASEOUS CHALYBEATE 
 WATER. 
 
 Take of pure sulphate of iron 2 drachms, 
 white sugar 3 drachms, pulverize, mix and di- 
 vide into 12 powders. Then take of super car- 
 bonate of soda 2 drachms, white sugar three 
 drachms, mix and divide into 12 powders. Mis 
 one of each of the powders separately in half 9 
 
126 GENTIAN, 
 
 tumblerful of water, pour together and drink 
 while effervescing. This is a pleasant drink and 
 a good tonic for a weak stomach. 
 
 GENTIAN. 
 
 Medical Properties and Use. 
 
 Gentian posesses in a high degree the tonic 
 properties which characterize the simple bitters. 
 It excites the appetite, invigorates the powers 
 of digestion. Ifc may be used in all cases of 
 disease depending wpon pure debility of the 
 digestive organs, or requiring a general tonic 
 impression; as dyspepsia, gout, difficult menstru- 
 ations, hysteria, scrofula^ intermittent fever_, 
 diarrhoea, and worms. It is given in the form 
 of infusion or tincture. The dose in infusion is 
 a wine glassful 3 or 4 times a day. Infuse h 
 ounce of the powdered root in a pint of water. 
 A tea spoonful of the tincture may be given as 
 often in a little water. 
 
RATTLEWEED ROOT. 12T 
 
 EATTLEWEED BOOT. 
 
 This unites with a tonic power the property 
 of stimulating the secretions, particularly those 
 of the slduj kidneys and muciis membrane of 
 the lungs. Its medical properties are found in 
 its salutary effects upon the nervous system, in 
 neuralgia of the heart, in sciatica, and in other 
 forms of rheumatism. It is equal if not supe- 
 rior to the colchicum in rheumatism, and far 
 superior to it in neuralgia of any description. 
 I have used it extensively in those cas-es, and 
 with the happiest effects. I cured myself of a 
 severe sciatica in twenty-four hours with it, but 
 the dose was too large, producing violent sick- 
 ness, great prostration, nausea, vomiting and 
 profuse perspiration. I took 3 or 4 drachms of 
 the saturated tincture at one dose; but it effects 
 the cure completely when properly prepared. 
 It acts upon the stomach and bowels powerfully, 
 and its full effects are not obtained until it 
 purges freely. The following is the best for- 
 mula for its preparation. 
 
 ^ pound powdered root, 
 1 pint alcohol. 
 
128 RATTLEWEED ROOT. 
 
 Mix and macerate for 20 days and filter. One 
 tea spoonful should be taken 3 times a day, in 
 sweetened water, which may be increased or 
 diminished so as to produce 3 or 4 operations on 
 the bowels in 24 hours. I have seen some per- 
 sons that it would not purge. It sometimes 
 produces vertigo before it begins to operate, but 
 these symptoms will all subside after the purg- 
 ing commences, yet it will cure if it does not 
 purge. Several cases of Vitus' Dance are re- 
 corded by Dr. Jesse Young, in which it per- 
 formed cures after other remedies had failed. — 
 It is usuaUy administered in decoction by those 
 living in the country. One ounce of the pow- 
 dered root is boiled in a pint of water for a few 
 minutes, and a small wine glassful given from 
 3 to 5 times a day according to its effects. 
 
 PIPSISSEWAY OR WINTER GREEIST. 
 
 This is an evergreen found in pine woods and 
 in light shady soils in all parts of the United 
 States, which^ blossoms in mid summer, f he 
 whole plant has rather a pungent and bit';er 
 taste. 
 
PIPSrSSEWAY OR WINTER GREEN. 129 
 
 Medical Properties and Use. 
 
 It is diuretic and tonic and is useful in all 
 eruptive forms of diseases, especially in scrofula 
 and cancer. A strong decoction may be made 
 of the leaves and twigs, and a gill taken 3 times 
 a day. Many cures of old ulcers, sore tliroats 
 and like affections have been ascribed to the use 
 of the pipsisseway. A decoction made of the 
 leaves and given in small portions is excellent 
 for colic in children. For grown persons it 
 sholild be put in good rye whiskey, which^ if 
 made strong will seldom fail to cure tlie severest 
 cases of colic and cramps. The pipsisseway put 
 into whiskey and distilled the same as Wickey's 
 cholera medicine is much better. Dose for an 
 adult is from 1 to 3 tahlespoonsful, for children 
 from 10 drops to a teaspoonfuL 
 
 TO THE CONSUMEK. 
 
 If you want to save money never buy your 
 castor oil by the bottle, but ])uy a pint of oil of 
 some honest druggist, and you vvill then be able 
 to perceive the difference. If put up in bottles 
 
130 TO THE CONSUMER. 
 
 it will cost you from 50 to 62J cents ; by the 
 pint it may cost you 31 cents per pint. This is 
 a great saving, as the article is always needed 
 in a family. Never buy any other medicine or 
 any thing that goes by measurement in small 
 quantities, and especially such articles as come 
 into every day use. Paying from 40 to 100 per 
 cent, more for domestic articles will amount to a 
 considerable sum in 5 or 10 years. Some per- 
 sons may say: "I am too poor and cannot spare 
 the money." That kind of argument will not 
 hold good. By saving 50 or 100 per cent, is 
 the means to make you able. Try the experi- 
 ment and you will soon be convinced; money is 
 worth but 6 per cent. 
 
 FOR PICKLma PEARS. 
 
 Take 1 pound of sugar to one quart of vine- 
 gar; 6 pounds of pears, peeled and quartered; J 
 ounce of cinnamon bark, broken in small pieces; 
 J ounce of cloves. Dissolve the sugar in the 
 vinegar, then put the pears, cinnamon and cloves 
 into a pot or crock, pour over the vinegar and 
 
FOR PICKLING PEARS. 131 
 
 boil all together until the pears become soft, and 
 you have a pickel far superior to any preserves. 
 This is worth giving a trial. Should the pears 
 be too sweefcj add a little vinegar at any time, 
 heating after the addition. 
 
 ON THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH, 
 
 As this work is designed for the benefit of 
 families as well as other purposes, it is hoped 
 that a chapter on the preservation of the health 
 of young girls will not be out of place. What 
 we design to say in this chapter, will be appli- 
 cable to the girl of ten years and upwards. It 
 is the duty of the mother or guardian so to di- 
 rect the conduct of the daughter that she may. 
 enjoy the blessings of life, and become a useful 
 member of society. But in order to lay the 
 foundation of future usefulness, the health, 
 should be well guarded in early life. Much of 
 course depends upon a good Constitution, and 
 
132 ON THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. 
 
 strict attention should be paid to its develop- 
 ment and preservation. The child at an early 
 age should be guarded against all that would 
 tend to weaken or derange this desirable attri- 
 bute of the human system. 
 
 Exposure is one of the principal sources of 
 injury to the constitution, and therefore the 
 clothing should always be adapted to the season 
 of the year, and the temperature of the air, 
 whether children are at home or abroad. Girls 
 are generally clothed sufficiently warm while at 
 home, but when they are going from home, they 
 change their warm apparel for thiner and cooler 
 garments. They are often allowed to expose 
 themselves to the chilling blasts of winter, with 
 their arms naked, their breasts and shoulders 
 exposed, and their feet clad with thin stock- 
 ings and shoes, in the place of those just laid 
 aside, which were warm and comfortable. — 
 This is a practice that cannot be too much 
 deprecated, being one of the great evils of dress 
 and fashion, upon whose altar thousands have 
 been sacrificed. How many do we find in these 
 days with enlarged tonsils and broken croaking 
 voices, the fruits of exposure and nothing else? 
 
ON TEE PRESERVATION OP HEALTH. 133 
 
 The practice of tiglit lacing is another fruit- 
 ful cause of destruction of health and hroken- 
 down constitutions. Young girls should not 
 lace at all — an easy smooth jacket to make the 
 dress fit smoothly is all they should wear. Are 
 we asked why lacing is injurious? We answer, 
 first, the rihs are soft and very elastic and the 
 cartilages that join them to the hreast bone are 
 softer than the ribs. If then a jacket or corset 
 be laced around the ribs or chest, so as to pre- 
 vent a free and full play of the ribs at every in- 
 spiration, in the same proportion is the cavity 
 of the chest diminished, and consequently the 
 lungs are deprived of a certain amount of at- 
 mosj)heric air, in proportion to the contraction 
 of the ribs, produced by the laced jacket or cor- 
 set. Thus the order of nature is deranged and 
 the system is deprived of that due proportion of 
 oxygen which is necessary to health, the vital- 
 ity of blood and the vigor and proper proportions 
 of the system. One of the consequences of tight 
 lacing therefore is^ that the lungs are prevented 
 from discharging a due portion of carbonic acid 
 gas from the blood, and receiving in lieu there- 
 for of due proportion of oxygen from the atmos- 
 
134 ON THE PRESERVATIOX OF HEALTH. 
 
 phere. Hence the person looks pale, the lips 
 assume a blue or purplish color, the breathing is 
 labored, the breast heaves and the circulation 
 is prevented from going on as freely as it should. 
 The small air vessels of the lungs are partially 
 obliterated, they become diseased in their action 
 and tubercles form in them or the lungs; these 
 remain to become in a few years the seeds of an 
 incurable consumption. 
 
 Again: The free action of the heat is pre- 
 vented by tight lacing and the consequence is it 
 labors like a dying man, but in vain — it cannot 
 get relieved from its fetters. The blood is pre- 
 vented from flowing with that freedom and ease 
 which are essential to the well being of the sys- 
 tem, and the violent exertion-s which the heart 
 must make in order to carry on the circulation, 
 become the cause of disease in that organ, which 
 perhaps can never be cured. Another evil of 
 lacing: The stomach is always included in the 
 deadly grasp of the corset. The lower floating 
 ribs are forced to take the place the stomach 
 should occupy in part; the skirts are compelled 
 to grow too narrow, the liver is also pressed too 
 closely and the stomach is bound as with a cord. 
 
ON THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. 135 
 
 The gastric juice is partly prevented from secret- 
 ing and that which is secreted is unhealthy, the 
 ducts of the liver and pancreatic gland are pre- 
 vented from performing their healthy functions 
 and consequently the food is not taken in due 
 quantity to nourish the system, and what is 
 taken is not properly digested, for the want of 
 a free and healthy action of the digestive func- 
 tions. Dyspepsia is the result, — a feehle and 
 finally a destroyed constitution. For all the 
 powers of nature must act freely and naturally, 
 or a sound constitution and good health can 
 never be enjoyed. 
 
 Nothing is so fascinating to an intellectual 
 young man as a well cultivated mind, a rosy 
 cheek, an intellectual eye, and a corresponding 
 expesssion of countenance; these you cannot 
 have if you suppress any of the healthy func- 
 tions of the system. Exercise is another essen- 
 tial item to promote the health of girls, and 
 this they should be allowed to take freely. At 
 an early age, let them run and play, jump the 
 rope, throw the hoop, leap and skip; for free 
 exercise gives freedom to the muscles and joints 
 and strengthens the nerves, all of which aro 
 
136 ON THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. 
 
 necessary for tlie building up of a good consti- 
 tution. Girls should be allowed to sleep one- 
 tbird of their time or eight hours in twenty-four, 
 and when younger — they should sleep more. 
 The young of all the animal creation requii:e 
 more sleep than those that are fully grown: 
 girls, therefore, should retire early that they 
 may obtain sleep enough; rise early and enjoy 
 the benefit of the morning air, which is bracing 
 to their systems. After children are ten years 
 old, they should not sleej) more than two in a 
 bed, and there should not be more than two beds 
 in a room_, unless the room be very large and 
 well ventilated. Girls should rise early and 
 air and set their rooms in order; they should 
 use free ablution of cold water over their breasts 
 and aims, especially as far as they are in the 
 habit of exposing them to the air, as this will 
 prevent their taking cold as easily as they other- 
 wise would. The diet of children should be 
 plain and simple, as their digestive powers are 
 not as strong as those of grown persons. The 
 quantity should always be piroportioned to the 
 age and strength of the child. Much mischief 
 is done by letting children eat too much. They 
 
ON XHE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. 137 
 
 sliould be allowed full time to eat and be taught 
 to cliew their victuals well. They should be 
 taught to eat any thing that is common, so that 
 they may appear easy at table at all tim*es, and 
 make their friends so likewise. Frequent bath- 
 ing is of great service to yoifth; it invigorates 
 the constitution and gives a fine complexion. 
 The bath may be changed according to the sea- 
 son; it may be cold, tepid or salt. When the 
 cold bath is used, either fresh or salt, the skin 
 should be well rubbed with a coarse towel, as 
 well before they go into the bath, as after they 
 come out. When children are healthy liquid 
 food is as a general rule, better for them than 
 solid food, because it supplies more blood, and 
 this is needed to form and build ujd the solids, 
 but they should be allowed some of both 
 
 Children should always take light, suppers 
 and light breakfasts. Their dinner should be of 
 more substantial food and taken freely. But 
 they should never be allowed to eat in haste, as 
 nothing aids the powers of digestion more than 
 the perfect mastication of food. 
 
138 nEALTH. 
 
 HEALTH. 
 
 Its Value Coxditioxs, Preservation and Ees- 
 *" toration. 
 
 Health consists in tlie vigorous and normal 
 or constitutional action of all the physical or- 
 gans and functions. Life consists in precisely 
 the same action: in proportion to the vigor of 
 this action is the amount of hoth health and life, 
 hut in proportion as the physical functions are 
 enfeebled or diseased, is health enfeebled and 
 life diminished. But in proportion as we im- 
 prove our health do we thereby increase life 
 itself. Viewed in any and every aspect, health 
 is life and life is health. By as much therefore 
 as life is valuable should health be preserved if 
 goo'd and restored if feeble. 
 
 Health is the great seasoner or relish of all 
 our blessings; nor is it possible to enjoy the lat- 
 ter except by means of the former: without 
 health what can wie be? What can we do? — 
 What can we enjoy? For other things being 
 equal, our capabilities of accomplishing and 
 
HEALTH. 139 
 
 enjoying are proportioned to our health and 
 diminished hj di&ease. If we possessed all the 
 wealth, and all the honors, and all the blessings 
 mortals can possess, we could enjoy them only 
 in proportion as we had health, and their value 
 would be diminished just in proportion to its 
 decline. Suppose we were sick and our appetite 
 thereby destroyed, the richest food and most 
 delicious fruits, instead of rendering us happy 
 would nauseate us. How different if we were 
 healthy. How a good appetite, the produce of 
 health, would enjoy them. Well might the 
 glutted alderman offer a ragged boy a guinea 
 for his appetite for breakfast. The rich invalid 
 is poor, but he who is healthy is rich, because 
 his fund of life and his capacities for enjoyment 
 are proportionally great. Keader, if brought 
 to the brink of the grave, your last hour come, 
 what would you give? What that you possessed 
 would you not give for another year of life and 
 its pleasures? Aster's thirty millions would be 
 cheap. To impair health in obtaining any 
 amount of earthly goods is a dear exchange, 
 since then to preserve or regain health is to pre- 
 serve,,prolong or regain life itself, and to impair 
 
140 HEALTH. 
 
 tlie former is to destroy tlie latter and its pleas- 
 ures,, as well as hasten death; and since the 
 value of life so infinitely surpasses that of all 
 other earthly hlessings, what consumate folly to 
 trifle with health on ' any account. Then ho.w 
 much more foolish and even wicked virtually to 
 throw it away for nothing, in our eager pursuit 
 of those trifling objects, wealth, honors, and the 
 like, which mainly engrosses mankind? What, 
 sacrifice life upon the altar of mammon? For 
 he it remembered, that no human being can im- 
 pair his health at any period of his life, with- 
 out proportionally shortening his days; without 
 being brought to a strict account at the close of 
 life, and be compelled to end it as much sooner 
 than he otherwise would, as he has injured his 
 health during his whole lifetime. Let me urge 
 upon you the infinite importance of preserving 
 your health. This efiectually done, millions of 
 money bestowed on each reader could not equally • 
 benefit you, because of the incomparable greater 
 value of health than money. Let your own ex- 
 perience testify. Which of yon has not, some 
 time or some how, induced debility or pain in 
 one portion of your system or another, which 
 
HEALTH. 141 
 
 will cripple you for life. A foolish ambition 
 breaks down the constitution of an incalculable 
 number of our youths, unwilling to be outdone 
 they will work at the top of their strength as 
 long as they can stand, perhaps over heat them- 
 selves, or in a single day or week bring on some 
 complaint which debilitates them for life, and 
 carries them to a premature grave. An ambi- 
 tious youth wishing to show his employers what 
 a great day's vrork he could do, shovelled till he 
 lamed his side, so that for fifteen years he has 
 been a partial invalid, cannot do any kind of 
 work, nor more than half the amount he form- 
 erly did, besides working in almost perpetual 
 pain. Nor is this the half; whatever enfeebles 
 the health enfeebles the mind by weakening and 
 disordering the brain. So perfectly are body 
 and brain inter related, that all the conditions 
 of either react upon each other; whatever aug- 
 ments the health, strengtheus the body and 
 thereby invigorates both the brain and the mind* 
 What is the true value of the mind? How much 
 could you afford to give for double the amount 
 you now possess? Neither money nor any fhing 
 else can measure its value. To improve our 
 
142 HEALTIL 
 
 -minds is the most efFoctual mode possible of 
 augmenting all the capabilities, all the pleas- 
 ^:h:e, all the virtue of this life, and ripening for 
 another, and hence should be the paramount 
 business of our whole lives. Health allows you 
 to be always on hand for business, from which 
 sickness takes you and compels you to entrust 
 its management to others, always disastrous, or 
 cuts off your wages if a laborer, creates large 
 doctors, nurses and a host of other incidental 
 bills, and occasions a great variety of pecuniary 
 losses. So measurably if any member of your 
 family is sick, especially a wife. How many, 
 reader, if they and their families had always 
 been well, would have been rich who are now 
 poor? Considered which ever way you will, to 
 preserve the health if it be good, and if poor 
 to regain and then preserve, should be the par- 
 amount business of life, should take precedence 
 over all others, and be our first great concern. 
 Come then readers one and all and let us make it 
 our.permaniBnt business to preserve and augment 
 our health; let us allow ourselves to do nothing 
 that shall impair it; let us make and take time 
 to do every thing in our power to invigorate it. 
 
HOW TO PROLONG LIFE. 143 
 
 HOW TO PKOLONG LIFE. ^ 
 
 The following should be carefully perused 
 esj^ecially by the young. Are there any among 
 you my young friends, who desire to preserve 
 your health and cheerfulness through life, and 
 at length arrive at a good old age? If so Ksten 
 to what I am about to tell you. 
 
 A considerable time ago I read in one of the 
 newspapers of the day, that a man had died near 
 London at the advanced age of 110 years, that 
 he had never been ill, and that he had main- 
 tained through life, a cheerful^ happy tempera- 
 ment. I wrote immediately to London to 
 know if in the man's treatment of himself there 
 had been any peculiarity which had rendered 
 his ' life lengthened and so happy, and the an- 
 swer I received was as follows: 
 
 "He was unusually kind and obliging to every 
 body; he quarreled with no one; he ate and 
 merely that he might not suffer from hunger or 
 thirst and never beyond what necessity required; 
 from his earliest youth he never allowed himself 
 to be unemployed; these were the only means 
 he used." 
 
144 HOW TO PROLONG LIFE. 
 
 . I took a note of this in a little Ijook where I 
 generally write all that I am anxious to remem- 
 ber, and very soon afterwards I observed in 
 another, paper that a woman had died near 
 Stockholm at 115 years of age; that she never 
 was ill, and was always of a contented disposi- 
 tion. I immediately wrote to Stockholm to 
 learn what means the old woman had used for 
 preserving her health, and now read the answer:- 
 
 ^'She always had a great love of cleanliness, 
 and in the daily habit of washing her face, 
 hands and feet in cold water, and as often as 
 opportunity offered she bathed in the same. — 
 She never ate or drank any delicacies or sweet- 
 meats, seldom coffee, seldom tea, and never wine." 
 
 Of these likewise I took a note in my little 
 book. Sometime after this I read that near St. 
 Petersburg, a man died who had enjoyed good 
 health until he was 120 years old. Again I 
 took my pen and wrote to St. Petersburg, and 
 liere is the answer: 
 
 ^'He was an early riser, and never slept be- 
 yond seven hours at a time; he nev.er was idle; 
 he employed himself chiefly in the open aii', and 
 particularly in his garden; whether he walked 
 
HOW TO PROLOXa LIFE. 145 
 
 or sat in liis cnair he never permitted himself 
 to sit awry or in a hent posture, but was always 
 perfectly straight. The luxurious and effemi- 
 nate habits of citizens he held in contempt." 
 
 After having read all this from my little book 
 I said to myself: ^^you will be a foolish man 
 indeed not to profit by the example and experi- 
 ence of these old people." I then wrote out all 
 that I had been able to discover about these 
 happy old people upon a card, which I suspended 
 over my writing desk, so that I might always 
 have it before my eyes to remind me what to do, 
 and from what I should refrain. Every morn- 
 ing and evening I read over the contents of my 
 card and obliged myself to conform to its rules. 
 
 And now my dear young readers, I can assure 
 you on the word of an honest man, that I am 
 much happier and in better health than I used 
 to be. Formerly I had the headache every day 
 a^d now I suffer scarcely once in three or four 
 months. Before I began these rules I hardly 
 dare to venture out in the rain or snow without 
 catching cold. In former times a walk of half 
 an hour's length fatigued and exhausted me,now 
 I walk miles without weariness. Imagine then 
 10 
 
146 HOW TO PROLONG LIFE. 
 
 the happiness I experience^ for there are few 
 feelings so cheering to the spirits as those of 
 constant good health and vigor. But^ alas! there 
 is something in which I cannot imitate these 
 happy .old people^ and that is I have not heen 
 accustomed to all this from my youth. Oh! that 
 I were young again that I might imitate them 
 in all things; that I niight be happy and long- 
 lived as they were. 
 
 Little children who read this, you are the 
 fortunate ones who are able to adopt in perfec- 
 tion this kind of life. What then prevents 
 your living henceforward as healthful and hap- 
 pyly as the old woman of Stockholm or as long 
 and useful as the old men of London and St. 
 Petersburg. 
 
LIQUrD OPODELDOC. 14T 
 
 LIQUID OPODELDOC. 
 
 Take ^ pint 95 per cent, alcoliol, 1 ounce 
 camplior, | pint turpentine; dissolve the cam- 
 phor in the alcohol; then add the turpentine. 
 For rheumatism, head ache, sore throat, old 
 strains, swellings, cramps, numhness, stiffness, 
 weakness, pains in the joints, corns, slight burns 
 frost bitten feet, &c. 
 
 Directions for Use. ^ 
 
 Kub it well on the part affected with your 
 hand or a piece of muslin, night and morning, 
 and if convenient, at noon. In obstinate cases 
 avoid as much as possible exposure to a damp 
 atmosphere, to the extremes of heat and cold, 
 keep the feet dry and comfortable, and be tem- 
 perate in eating and drinking. For corns, lay 
 a piece of flannel on them and moisten occasion- 
 ally with the opodeldoc, avoid tight shoes. 
 Travellers and families ought always to keep 
 a bottle by them; it only requires a trial to 
 prov^ its efficacy; keep the bottle closely stop- 
 ped. In some cases of rheumatism and other 
 affections, if a piece of flannel be worn over the 
 part, relief will be obtained sooner. 
 
148 DR. wickey's cholera medicine. 
 
 Dr. WICKEY'S CHOLERA MEDIOmE. 
 
 Take 2 ounces Formentilla, 
 " 2 ^' Devil Bit, 
 
 a 
 
 'y ■ 
 
 2 " Bimbornella, 
 
 " 2 '' Bistorcla, 
 
 '' 2 '' Angelica, 
 
 '' 2 "^ Gentiana, 
 
 '• 2 '' Zedarj, 
 
 " 2 " Valerian, 
 
 " 2 ^' Elecampane, 
 
 " 2 ^^ Calamos, 
 
 "2 '^ Eue or other bitter lierb. 
 Pulverize these as fine as possible, put them 
 into one gallon of French brandy of the best 
 quality, or best fourth-proof old rye whiskey; 
 brandy is best — put the whole into a bottle ov 
 jar — a bottle is best if one can be had large 
 enough at the top, which must be closed; then 
 place the bottle or jar in the sand, which should 
 be at least two inches deep at the bottom of the 
 kettle or crock; fill in sand to come above the 
 drugs when settled, and put under it a slow fire, 
 
DR. WICKEY's cholera MEDICINE. 149 
 
 80 as to keep it warm but not to boil. Let it di- 
 gest for fourteen clays and filter the whole of it 
 through fine flannel several times^ so as to sep- 
 arate the drugs well; then put in each gallon 
 2 ounces spirits of camphor and 2 ounces spirits 
 saffron, when it will be ready for use. 
 
 Directions for Use. 
 
 For preventing cholera: first take one table- 
 spoonful in the morning, fasting on cold water, 
 one at noon, and one at night. Second, for an 
 attack or symptoms take from 2 to 3 tablespoons- 
 ful every 5, 10 or 15 minutes, as the case may 
 require, until relieved, when the doses may be 
 lessened, or not so often. Let the patient go to 
 bed and keep warm and quiet as possible until 
 relieved. Third, for the third stage or relapse, 
 vomiting and pain in the stomach, take from 2 
 to 4 tablespoonsful every 5 or 10 minutes, as the 
 case may be, until relieved or thrown into a 
 sweat; cover up warm, and if cold apply plenty 
 of hot bricks or bottles with hot water in, to 
 the feet, hands, body, &c. mustard plaster on 
 the stomach, rubbing with the hand, some stim- 
 
150 DR. wicket's cholera medicine. 
 
 ulent, as not a moment's time sliould "be lost 
 when the cold chill comes on. Fourth' stage 
 or relapse, attended with cold sweats and rice 
 water discharges, take large doses every 3 or 5 
 minutes; continue until the patient becomes 
 warm and easier. No time should be lost at 
 this stage of the disease. Apply hot bricks, 
 bottleo, &c. as before directed; when relieved the 
 Jooes may be less and not so often — say from J 
 i.our to 6 hours; continue 3 or 4 days as the case 
 jQay require, and do not fail to keep the patient 
 •¥arm^ &c. 
 
 For bilious or cramp colic, cholera morbus, 
 j'ux, bilious fever, &c. administer doses as above. 
 7 jet the patient go to bed and keep as quiet 
 AS possible until relieved. In severe cases of 
 rholera morbus, a mustard plaster should be 
 placed over the stomach, which must be kept on 
 f\s long as it can be borne. Travellers and fami- 
 lies should not be without this medicine, as it 
 Lb considered by all who have used it to be the 
 -iafest and surest remedy for the above disease 
 ';ver introduced. Take a friend's advice and 
 lever be without this remedy, as it was never 
 mown to fail in curinoj what it is recommended 
 
DR. WICKEY'S cholera MEDICINE. 151 
 
 to do. Grive it a fair trial, and its efficacy will 
 soon be seen. By strictly obeying tlie direc- 
 tions it is perfectly safe and harmless; it is also 
 good in sick stomachs, &c. 
 
 This medicine, when persevered in according 
 to directions, will effectually cure cholera in all 
 its stages, and all that it is recommended to do, 
 which can be attested by certificates from many 
 l^ersons. By adding- the tincture of cayenne you 
 will find this medicine effectual in cramp colic; 
 add the tincture until as strong as it can be 
 taken. 
 
 To be more plain and simple, — in making of 
 the cholera medicine, if in the summer you can 
 set the bottle or jar in the sun, which should be 
 when the sun is very warm, letting it remain 
 some 3 or 4 weeks — the longer you distil,, the 
 better the medicine. If in the winter season, 
 you can place your crock on the top of the stove, 
 keeping the* fire regular, so as not to boil — if 
 you distil until reduced one-third, it will bo 
 much stronger and better. 
 
\ 
 
 152 CERTAIN REMEDY FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 CERTAIN REDrlEDY FpR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 Take, of sarsaparilla root, coltsfoot root, or 
 wild ginger root, sassafras root, dogwood root, 
 yellow poplar root, prickly ash root, spicewood 
 root, one handful' of each, Avhen dried, as much 
 as you can hold in one hand; cut the hark off of 
 the roots and pulverize as fine as you can, ex- 
 cept the sarsaparilla, which must he cut in very 
 small pieces; then put the whole in one gallon 
 of hest fourth-proof old rye whiskey, and let it 
 stand for 1 or 2 weeks; hut should you wish to 
 use immediately, set the vessel containing the 
 ingredients on the stove, and keep just warm for 
 2 or 3 daj^s, when it will he fit for use. 
 
 DiRECTIOXS FOR USE. 
 
 Take from I'to 3 tahlespoonsful 3 "times a day 
 one hour hefore meals. It may he taken 5 or 6 
 times a day provided it does not affect the nerves 
 too much. It is perfectly safe and has cured 
 more cases of rheumatism than any other remedy 
 introduced. 
 
CERTAIN REMEDY FOR RHEUMATISM. 153 
 
 I will cite one or two cases where it effected 
 complete cures: Mr. Josliua Deer, wlio had been 
 in a most helpless condition for a long time_, 
 and had tried many other remedies in vain, was 
 cured in five days after he commenced using it, 
 so as to be able to take a ride on horseback, 
 which can be certified by a number of persons 
 living in the neighborhood. Any one doubting 
 the above, can have it proven to their satisfac- 
 tion by addressing Ezra Deer, or Henry GrDss, 
 who was cured by it in less time. 
 
 Let it be understood that there never was 
 a preparation that would cure all cases: no, not 
 one-fourth, therefore I have given a number of 
 preparations, so that if one fail^ others may 
 prove efficacious, though the above remedy oc- 
 cupies the head of the list in our own estima- 
 tion. Never give up any one remedy until you 
 have given it a fair trial, ^'rle that holds out 
 faithfully shall be saved." 
 
 This medicine can be distilled the same as 
 the cholera medicine, bottled up and kept for 
 years. Mr. Joshua Deer, was cured with the 
 distilled. Henry Gross and others used it in 
 liquor. You must keep from labor and expo- 
 
154 CERTAIN REMEDY FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 sure, wliile using the above and be careful not 
 to eat any thing greasy, or that which will not 
 agree with you. 
 
 FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 Take 1 ounce of saltpetre, 1 quart of ale — if 
 ale cannot be had take whiskey or water — dis- 
 solve the saltpetre in the ale. 
 
 Directions for Use. 
 
 Take 1 wine glassful before breakfast, 1 be- 
 fore dinner, 1 before going to bed, and continue 
 until relieved. Should the second quart do no 
 good, stop taking it. You must keep from labor 
 and exposure while using the above. Mr. Dill 
 was cured by this remedy, who had suffered for 
 more than a year constantly. 
 
FOR RHEUMATISM. 155 
 
 FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 , Take 1 ounce of sulphur, IJ ounces of salt- 
 petre, I ounce of gum guscomb, 2 nutmegs, tlie 
 whole to be finely pulverized, to which add 12 
 ounces of molasses. 
 
 Directions for Use. 
 
 Take 1 tpa spoonful every night before going 
 to bed, but if it should act too free on the bow- 
 els, the quantity must be diminished. 
 
 LINIMENT FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 Take 1 ounce of spirits of camphor, 1 ounce 
 turpentine, 1 ounce sweet oil, 1 drachm oil of 
 juniper, 1 drachm carbonate of hartshorn, mix 
 these perfectly, and apply three times a day, 
 rubbing it in by the stove or fire with the palm 
 of the hand for 15 minutes. 
 
156 LINIMENT FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 LINIMENT FOR RHEUMATISM 
 
 Take 2 ounces of saltpetre, 2 ounces spirits of 
 hartshorn, 8 ounces of sweet oil. Pulverize the 
 saltpetre as fine as possible, and mix with the 
 spirits of hartshorn, letting it dissolve, then add 
 the sweet oil. Bathe and rub in with the palm 
 of the hand for 15 minutes, at the fire or stove, 
 wrap with flannel if possible. If not strong 
 enough you may add hartshorn, if too strong 
 add sweet oil. This is considered the best lini- 
 ment ever introduced for the purpose. Use 
 freely. 
 
 LINIMENT FOR RHEUMATISM OR NEU- 
 RALGIA. 
 
 Take 8 cayenne pepper pods, and 1 pint of 
 whiskey, boil over a fire until it is reduced to 
 one-half the quantity, when it will be ready for 
 use. Bathe the parts affected with the liniment 
 three times a day. This liniment has often 
 relieved where other remedies have failed. 
 
NERVE AXD BOXE LINIJIENT. 157 
 
 NEBYE AND BONE LINIMENT. 
 
 For Swellings^ BruiseSj Chapped Hands, Frosted 
 Feet, Elieumatism, Cuts, Burns, Mosquito 
 Bites, Stings, Pains in tlie Limbs, Back, Chest, 
 &c. Take 1 ounce spirits of hartshorn, 1 ounce 
 spirits camphor, 1 ounce saltpetre, 1 tea spoon- 
 ful sweet oil;, 2 tea spoonsful laudanum; put all 
 into a bottle^ shake and mix well and it is ready 
 fo^ use. Bathe in at a fire 3 table spoonsful 3 
 times a day, rubbing with the hand for 15 min- 
 utes. Put the liniment into a bottle, and keep 
 it corked tight. Never pour out more than one 
 table spoonful at a time^ being careful to keep 
 the bottle corked tight. This liniment is far 
 superior to any other in use, and you can 
 make as much for 10 cents as you generally buy 
 for 50 cents. Try the experiment and see for 
 yourself. 
 
 The spirits of camphor is made by mixing IJ 
 ounces of gum camphor with ^ pint of 95 per 
 cent, alcohol. Put into a bottle and let them 
 dissolve, shake occasionally, after which it will 
 be ready for use. 
 
158 NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT. 
 
 THe spirits of saltpetre is made by taking 2 
 ounces pulverized saltpetre put into a bottle, 
 then add 2 ounces spirits of hartshorn, and let 
 it remain half a day, shaking frequentl}^, then 
 add scant J pint 95 per cent, alcohol, shake and 
 let it dissolve, when it will be fit for use. For 
 rheumatism add more hartshorn, and bathe the 
 parts affected well. 
 
 r* 
 
 OINTMENT FOR GOUT AND BHEUMA- 
 TISM. 
 
 The chloride of gold made into an ointment 
 with lard is said to speedily relieve the pains of 
 the gout or rheumatism. It stains the skin 
 purple, which can be easily removed by washing 
 it with urine. 
 
FOR RHEUMATISM. 159 
 
 *r 
 
 FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 Take 2 balsam apples, put into ^ gallon of 
 good fourth proof wliiskej in a jug and let it 
 stand for a week or ten days, shaking occasion- 
 ally. Dose, one wine glassful three times a day. 
 Keep from exposure while' using and eat noth- 
 ing greasy or that disagrees with the stomach. 
 This has cured where other remedies have failed, 
 and should the first | gallon not entirely cure, 
 use the second immediately. 
 
 EFFECTUAL CURE FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 The following receipt, given by an English- 
 man to a respectable tradesman of Limerick^ 
 (Ireland,) who had for a considerable time la- 
 bored under the most violent rheumatic pains 
 in all his limbs and joints, having been used by 
 him as directed but 5 or 6 times, as he states, 
 eradicated the disease completely. Anxious that 
 so effectual a remedy should be made publicly 
 known we publish the recipe: 
 
 Take 1 ounce of sulphur, IJ ounces of salt- 
 
160 EFFECTUAL CURE FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 petre, 1^ ounces gum guscomb, 2 nutmegs; tlie 
 whole to be finely powdered in a mortar and 12 
 ounces of molasses. A tea spoonful to be taken 
 every niglit on going to bed; should it operate 
 too much on the bowels, a smaller quantity is to 
 be taken. 
 
 PLASTER FOR RHEUMATISM. 
 
 Or Pains in the Back, &c. It is said to be a 
 certain cure. Take 1 pound of rosin and melt 
 it over a slow fire, then add ^ pint of tar pour- 
 ing in slowly, stirring all the time; when it is 
 well mixed pour all into cold water, and work 
 it well with your hands. As soon as it is cool 
 and stiff enough, spread it on a linen rag and 
 apply it to the affected part. The plaster should 
 be a little larger .than the pain extends — if you 
 put the plaster on sheep skin it will be better. 
 This is sure to give relief. 
 
TO MAKE HONEY WITHOUT BEES. 161 
 
 TO MAKE HONEY WITHOUT BEES. 
 
 Take 8 pounds best brown sugar, IJ pounds 
 rendered lioney, 1 ounce cream of tartar, 4 
 drops essence of wintergreen, 2 drops essence of 
 peppermint, 2 ounces best molasses, 3 parts of 
 a pint pure cold water, dissolve the cream of 
 tartar, then put all in a tin or bell metal vessel, 
 let boil gently 6 or 8 minutes, stirring and mix- 
 ing occasionally; tlien beat up the white of 2 
 eggs into a foam, and stir them in, and when 
 nearly cool stir in 2 pounds more of bees honey; 
 skim off whatever may rise to the top. If you 
 want it nice and clean, strain it through a coarse 
 cloth as soon as you have the eggs stirred in.— 
 If you strain it put in the 2 lbs. of honey after 
 it is strained. This makes an excellent honey. 
 The addition of the eggs is simply to give it the 
 appearance of having combs in it, but ean be 
 left out if you wish. The same honey may be 
 used for the second making. 
 
162 JUDKI2TS OINTMENT. 
 
 irUDKIN'S OINTMENT. 
 
 Take 1 pound of red lead, J pound rosin, 1 
 pint linseed oil, 3 table spoonsful lamp black, 2 
 ounces British oil, J ounce sugar of lead finely 
 pulverized. Boil this over a slow fire one hour, 
 then add 1 pint more of linseed oil, and boil 
 another hour, when done add J pint of turpen- 
 tine while cooling off, stir and mix well, do not 
 put the turpentine in when first taken off the 
 fire. Let it cool 5 minutes^ then pour in the 
 turpentine slowly, stirring well. Should it 
 catch on fire while pouring in the turpentine, 
 put a lid or cover over the vessel immediately 
 to smother the fire. There is no danger in 
 making if careful, as it will be easily smothered. 
 Pour out into a new earthen -crock, let cool off, 
 and when cool put into a jar or tin box. There 
 is nothing better than this preparation for 
 wounds, fresh or old boils, and cannot be sur- 
 passed for scalds, burns, &c. 
 
judkin's ointment. • 163 
 
 Directions for Use. 
 
 Spread a thin coat of the ointment on a piece 
 of linen rag large enough to cover the scald or 
 burn, which should he renewed twice a day. — 
 Scrape the old ointment off, and the rag may 
 he used again with another coat of fresh oint- 
 ment. For boils cut a hole in the rag so as to 
 give it room to open and discharge its contents; 
 renew the ointment three times a day. This is 
 considered one of the best ointments of the age. 
 Give it a trial and its effects will soon be felt. 
 
 EEMEDY FOE THE BITE OF A SNAKE. 
 
 Take the spirits of camphor made of whiskey 
 and apply it to the bite, turning the bottle 
 which contains it over the bite and let it remain 
 on until all the poison is drawn out. The bot- 
 tle used should have a large mouth so that it- 
 may cover the wound entirely. Drink freely of 
 the whiskey until you begin to feel it? effects- 
 This done in time has never failed. 
 
164 FOE THE PILES. 
 
 FOR THE PILES. 
 
 Take tlie kernel of three peacli seeds, masli 
 them well, tlien add hog's lard or fresh butter, 
 not salted, enough to form a salve and rub this 
 between two butter plates until it becomes of a 
 bluish color, grease with it and take enough 
 rhubarb to keep the bowels open. 
 
 CERTAIN CURE FOR CANCER. 
 
 Take 1 pint of strong lev and boil down till 
 it forms a salve, then apply every 15 minutes 
 until seven plasters have been applied, and as 
 soon as it begins to bleed stop the applications, 
 then work the core out and grease with hog's 
 lard to kill it; heal with ointment or some good 
 salve. When the ley has been boiled down, 
 should the substance that remains become hard, 
 work it into a salve. This is also good for the 
 cure of fistula or poll evil in horses. 
 
FOR WHITE SWELLINGS. 165 
 
 FOR WHITE SWELLINGS. 
 
 Take 1 handful of mullin leaves and J pint 
 of old rye whiskey; hoil these together and 
 strain, then add 1 gill of turpentine and 2 gills 
 of spirits of camphor. Bathe well until all the 
 swelling and soreness has left, wrap with flan- 
 nel which should he dampened with the lotion; 
 this is a certain remedy. 
 
 TO KEEP CIDER SWEET. 
 
 Make the cider as late in the fall as possible 
 from solid apples, without using any water, put 
 away immediately from the press, and lay it in 
 some place where it may remain quiet, let the 
 place be as cool as possible. Fill the barrel up 
 full, take the bung out and leave it out for four 
 days, filling it up occasionally as it settles or 
 works out. Should the cider stop working un- 
 der 4 days, rack it off carefully from the dregs, 
 which should be done as soon as the cider stops 
 
166 TO KEEP CIDER SWEET. 
 
 working, then put your cider into a clean sweet 
 barrel — it should be a barrel that has had whis- 
 key or brandy in it — if not, rinse with water 
 until perfectly clean, then sweetened by putting 
 in a small quantity of whiskey. If this cannot 
 be done soak your barrels well so that they may 
 be sweet and clean. After having racked your 
 cider off from the dregs carefully, put in the 
 whites of 6 eggs, battered light, and a scant ^ 
 pint of mustard seed. Bung up and in 5 or 6 
 weeks rack it off again carefully from the dregs. 
 Cleanse the barrel well and put in the same 
 barrel — J gallon of old rye whiskey will add 
 considerably to its flavor. If your cider is very 
 sour, add from 3 to 5 lbs. white sugar; to insure 
 its preservation it should be strained through a 
 cloth from the press. By being carefal — cider 
 put up in this way will keep for 5 years. 
 
 FOK BOILED CIDER. 
 
 Make the cider late in the fall, using none 
 but sound apples, not even those with small 
 specks in, without any water. Take it right 
 
FOR BOILED CIDER. 167 
 
 from the press and put it in a copper kettle; boil 
 it one hour from the time it commences; skim 
 it off as the skum arises as clean as you can; 
 then pour into a clean, s^eet whiskey barrel, 
 put into a bag scant J pint of mustard seed; let 
 the bag down through the bung hole by a string, 
 making the string fast to the barrel so as it can 
 be drawn out again conveniently. It may be 
 flavored with ground cinnamon or cloves if you 
 fancy the taste. Cider put up in this way will 
 keep a long time and makes an excellent drink, 
 by adding | gallon of old rye whiskey it may 
 be kept a number of years. Cider, either from 
 the press or boiled, put into bottles or jugs, 
 corked up tight and sealed over with sealing- 
 wax; it can be kept many years, and makes a 
 delicious drink. 
 
 CHERRY BRANDT. 
 
 Press out the juice and add 1 gallon of water 
 to 12 gallons of the juice; then dissolve in the 
 juice 1 pound of white- sugar to the gallon; boil 
 slowly in a copper kettle, and skim off what 
 
168 CHERRY BRANDY. 
 
 rises to the top. Do not boil too long or it will 
 get thick; when the skiim stops rising freely 
 pour it into some vessel to cool. Do not allow 
 it to stand in the kettle to cool. When it has 
 become cool put into whatever vessel you wish 
 to keep it in_, and add as much old rye whiskey 
 as may suit your taste, say from 1 to 3 gallons. 
 The better the whiskey is the better your brandy 
 will be. Black heart cherries are the best if 
 they can be had. This makes a much better 
 drink than port wine. 
 
 BLACK OR DEWBERRY CORDIAL. 
 
 For diarhoea or summer complaint. This is 
 made by adding 1 pound of white sugar to 3 
 pounds of black or dewberries, allowing them 
 to stand for twelve hours, then pressing out the 
 juice and strain well, adding 1 third part good 
 french brandy and 1 tea spoonful of finely pul- 
 verized allspice in every part of the cordial,, 
 which is ready for use at once. This cordial 
 cannot be surpassed for children and weak 
 stomachs, &c. 
 
BLACK OR DE^-^ERRY WINE. 169 
 
 BLACK OR DEWBEREY WINE. 
 
 An excellent wine and a valuable medicine 
 for home use. To make a wine equal to jDort 
 wine, take ripe blackberrieSj or dewberries are 
 best; press out the juice, let it stand thirty-six 
 hours to ferment, skim off whatever rises to the 
 top, then to every gallon of the juice add one 
 quart of water and 3 pounds of white sugar. 
 Let this stand in open vessels for 24 hours, skim 
 and strain it, then barrel it up until March, 
 when it should be racked off carefully from the 
 dregs, and bottled up for use. 
 
 GAS BEER. 
 
 For 8 gallon vessel — take three pints of fresh 
 yeast, 3 pints of ISTew Orleans molasses, put in- 
 to your keg, then add 3 gallons of fresh water, 
 bung up, and shake to mix well. Then take a 
 tin bucket and put in one tea spoonful of ground 
 cinnamon, 1 of ground cloves, 3 table spoonsful 
 of ground allspice, 1 of ginger, 3 pints of mo- 
 lasses, then pour on it hot water and mix well; 
 
1*70 * GAS BEER. 
 
 let this stand some 10 or 15 minutes, then pour 
 it into the keg and fill up with fresh vrater,. 
 bung. up tight; put something over the bung to 
 keep it from working out — use a strong keg for 
 this purpose. This makes an excellent cooling 
 drink in summer. Lay your keg' in the sun 
 several hours or until it commences to work. — 
 In cold weather lay your keg close to the fire — 
 in fifteen or twenty hours it will be fit for use. 
 
 SILVER TOP DRINK. 
 
 Take 1 quart of water, 3 pounds of sugar, 1 
 tea spoonful of lemon oil, 1 table spoonful of 
 flour, with the white of 5 eggs well beat up, 
 mix the above well together, then divide the 
 syrup and add 4 ounces of carbonate acid in the 
 other, and bottle for use. Pour about a gill out 
 of one bottle into a tumbler and the same quan- 
 tity out of the other bottle into another glass, 
 add a little water if you choose, pour the two 
 together and drink while effervescing. 
 
BLACK INK. 171 
 
 BLACK INK. 
 
 Take 4 ounces of the extract of log woocl^ J 
 ounce of bycromate of pot ash, 1 pint boiling 
 water, stir well until all is dissolved — if the ink 
 is not black enough, add a little more of bycro- 
 mate of pot ash. This preparation will also 
 answer for coloring goods, &c. 
 
 BED INK. 
 
 Take of spirits of hartshorn 1 pint, pure car- 
 mine I drachm, put into a bottle and shake well 
 and it is fit for use. 
 
 INDELLIBLE INK. 
 
 Take of lunar caustic 100 grains, gum arable 
 100 grains, make both fine and pour water 
 enough over to dissolve it, put into a phial and 
 stop tightly. 
 
172 IXDELLIBLE INK. 
 
 To make the preparation to be used "before 
 writing on the linen, take 2 drachnis of salts of 
 tartar; 2 drachms gum arabic, dissolve these in 
 1 ounce of rain water. Before using the ink, 
 wet whatever article you wish to mark with this 
 last preparation and dry with a smooth iron, 
 then wash the gum out and you have the name 
 indellibly fixed. % 
 
 ANOTHEK BLACK INK. 
 
 Take 1 pound logwood, 1 gallon soft water, 
 boil it 1 hour and add 25 grains of by cremate 
 of pot ash, 12 grains of prusiate of pot ash, 
 stir a few minutes over the fire, take it ofij and 
 when settled strain it. 
 
 WASHING FLUID. 
 
 Take 1 gallon of soft soap, 4 ounces of sal 
 Boda, ^ gallon soft water, and ^ gill of spirits of 
 turpentine, place them all into a pot over a fire 
 and allow the mixture to boil a few minutes, it 
 
WAsnnvG FLUID. 173 
 
 is then ready for use and can be kept in an 
 earthen or stone vessel. In using this fluid the 
 clothes intended to be washed should be soaked 
 in water 10 or 12 hours^ say over night, and 
 then to a 10 or 12 gallon boiler or kettle full 
 of cloth eSj covered with water, add 1 pint of 
 fluidj boil briskly for fifteen minutes, and then 
 ring them out in fresh water. It will be found 
 that little or no rubbing will be necessary. — 
 This preparation will save a great deal of hard 
 rubbing and labor — it is truly worth trying. 
 
 TEANSPAKENT SOAP. 
 
 Take 3 pounds of best rosin soap, 1 quart of 
 best alcohol, 1 ounce of venice turpentine, 1 
 ounce of oil of sassafras, or you may use berg- 
 amount or the oil of lemon, or cinnamon, ei1:her 
 of which Vill answer. Cut the soap into thin 
 shavings, put into a pan the alcohol and soap, 
 melt over a slow fire so as just to keep from 
 boiling; when all is dissolved let it boil a min- 
 
174 TRANSPARENT SOAP. 
 
 ute or two, you must be careful not to let the 
 blaze of the fire get to it or it will catch on fire; 
 it is best to put it on a stove where there, will 
 be no clanger, keep stirring slowly until all is 
 melted, then add your Venice turpentine, stir- 
 ring and mixing for a minute or so, then, take 
 your pan ofi" the fire and put in your oil of sas- 
 safras immediately, or whatever oil you intend 
 using, the oil of sassafras is however the best. 
 This soap cannot be surpassed for shaving, 
 washing, and is excellent for sore or rough 
 hands. Try it and you will be surprised — the 
 rosin soap used must be clear. 
 
 PROF. BIDDLE'S CELEBRATED PREPA- 
 RATION FOR THE HAIR AND HEAD. 
 
 To make 1 quart, take nearly one half a pint 
 of cold pressed castor oil and fill it nearly full 
 of 95 per cent, alcohol, then add ^ ounce of 
 spirits of hartshorn, J ounce of tincture of can- 
 tharides, 40 drops oil of bergamot, which gives 
 it an elegant perfume — shake well and it is 
 ready for use. 
 
PREPARATION FOR THE HAIR AND HEAD. 175 
 
 Directions for Use. 
 
 Wash your head first witli Tviiiskey, tlien ap- 
 ply the hair oil freely, pour it on the head gen- 
 tly and ruh with the hand or stiff hrush. For 
 children only use the hair oil. To remove the 
 dandruff, comh the head well with a fine comb, 
 do this every time you use the preparation. This 
 oil , should be applied twice a week^ which will 
 loosen the dandruff so that it may be easily re- 
 moved. A great and valuable discovery for the 
 hair and head, two or three applications of which 
 will remove every particle of dandruff, purify 
 the skin and prevent the hair from coming out, 
 giving new life and vigor to every hair on the 
 head, and changing light or sandy hair to a 
 beautiful dark lustre; also curing dizzy or ner- 
 vous headache. Ko one should be without this 
 valuable preparation, especially those who are 
 subject to dandruff eruptions of the skin, falling 
 off of the hair, dizzy or nervous headache. If 
 it should make the head tender, only use half 
 the tinctdre of cantharides. The alcohol must 
 be strictly 95 p^r cent. — you can add hartshorn 
 if not strong enough, also bergamot for per- 
 
176 TO RESTORE THE HAIR IN BALDNESS. 
 
 fume to suit. It is good for tetter on the head. 
 Every ingredient can be had at almost any of 
 the drug stores. 
 
 TO KESTOBE THE HAIR IN BALDNESS. 
 
 Take of cold pressed castor oil 2 ounces, tinc- 
 ture of cantharides J ounce, acetic acid J ounce, 
 strong water of amonia IJ ounces, oil of nut- 
 megs 4 drachm, oil of lavender j drachm, put 
 this in a bottle, make into a lotion, when it will 
 be ready for use. 
 
 Directions for Use. 
 
 The head should be perfectly cleaned of all 
 dirt and dandruff, with castile soap and warm 
 water_, and the lotion applied freely and rubbed 
 in with a stiff hair brush once a day; in a week 
 or two its good effects will be manifested. This 
 is the best preparation for baldness yet intro- 
 duced — give it a fair trial and you will not be 
 disappointed. The drugs of this preparation 
 can be had at any of the drug stores. 
 
TOOTHACHE BALSAM. 177 
 
 TOOTHACHE BALSAM. 
 
 Take of creosote 1 draclim, oil of cloves 1 
 dracliTBj tincture of camphor 2 drachms, oil of 
 petroleum 2 drachms, mix them thoroughly and 
 cork tight for use. A few drops of this mix- 
 ture on cotton and applied to the nerve of the 
 tooth will relieve the pain. 
 
 TOOTH POWDEK. 
 
 Take of supercarhonate of soda 1 ounce, pul- 
 verized orris root | an ounce, cream of tartar J 
 ounce, oil of roses 10 drops, mix them properly. 
 This may be used with the finger, rag or soft 
 tooth brush. 
 
 a:n'otheii tooth powder. ^ 
 
 Carbonate of magnesia any quantity, per- 
 fumed with the oil of cinnamon or neroli. This 
 is the best tooth powder for children — the teeth 
 should always be cleaned after eating, if you 
 wish to keep the breath sweet. 
 12 
 
178 COLOGNE WATER. 
 
 COLOGNE WATER No. 1. 
 
 Take of oil of bergamot 1 ounce, oil of lav- 
 ender J ounce, oil of neroli 1 draclim, oil of 
 roses 15 drops, oil of cloves 30 drops, new milk 
 1 pint, pure alcohol 1 gallon, digest 1 day and 
 filter through close flannel several times. 
 
 COLOGNE WATER No. 2. 
 
 Take of oil of bergamot 1 ounce, oil of lemon 
 1 ounce, oil of lavender 3 ounces, tincture of 
 muck 1 drachm, pure alcohol 7 pints, rose water 
 1 pint, gum camphor 20 grains, mix and digest 
 1 day and filter — cork up tight for use. 
 
 COLOGNE WATER No. 3. 
 
 Take oil of roses 5 drops, oil of bergamot 1 
 ounce, oil of lemon 1 ounce, oil of lavender 2| 
 
TOOTHACHE POWDERS. 179 
 
 ounces, oil of rosemary J ounce, oil of cinnamon 
 10 drops, pure alcohol 7 pints, new milk 1 pint. 
 Let tlie mixture stand one day and filter. All 
 preparations of cologne should be kept closely 
 stopped, otherwise they will loose their fine 
 flavor. 
 
 TOOTHACHE DKOPS. 
 
 Take of 95 per cent, alcohol 1 pint, oil of 
 origanum 2 ounces, gum camphor 2 ounces, tar- 
 taric acid J ounce. Digest 1 day and mix well, 
 when it will he ready for use — cork up tight. — • 
 A few drops of this mixture on cotton applied 
 to the nerte, and the gums well ruhhed with it 
 will soon relieve the pain. This is harmless and 
 pleasant. If you cannot get any cotton to the 
 nerve, bathe the tooth and gums well with it. 
 
 FOR DYSPEPSIA 
 
 Take of 1 J pounds of white mustard seed from 
 1 tea spoonful to 1 table spoonful, between 
 meals — the whole seeds in cold water. 
 
180 TO PRESERVE BUTTER. 
 
 TO PRESERVE BUTTER No. 1. 
 
 Take saltpetre and loaf sugar of an equal 
 proportion and make a liquid. After packing 
 the butter in a jar or sweet keg, pour over 
 enough of the liquid to cover the butter an inch 
 or two. If you should wish to re-pack the but- 
 ter, pour off the liquid, which if sweet, may be 
 used again when you have done packing. 
 
 TO PRESERVE BUTTER No. 2. 
 
 Reduce separately to a fine powder, in a dry 
 mortar, 2 pounds of the best common salt, 1 
 pound of saltpetre and 1 pound of loaf sugar; 
 sift one of them over the other on a sheet of 
 paper, then mix them well together and they 
 are ready for use. 1 ounce of the preparation 
 is enough to a pound of butter, and if well 
 worked in will preserve it sweet for three years. 
 This is worth giving a trial. 
 
TO PICKEL CUCUMBERS. 181 
 
 TO PICKEL CUCUMBERS. 
 
 Let your cucumbers loe small, fresh gfitliered 
 and free from spots; then make a pickel of salt 
 and water, strong enough to bear up an egg; 
 boil the pickel in a copper kettle if convenient; 
 and skim it well; then pour it upon the cucum- 
 bers and tie them down for 24 hours, strain out 
 through a colander and dr j off well with a cloth. 
 
 Take the best wine or cider vinegar, cloves, 
 mace, nutmegs, pepper and race ginger, boil 
 them together and put the cucumbers in with a 
 little salt, as soon as they begin to turn their 
 color, put them into jars, crocks or tight bar- 
 rels; when cold tie on a bladder or leather. 
 This is excellent and worthy attention. 
 
 SOFT GINGEB BREAD. 
 
 Four cups of molasses^ 2 of butter, 2 of milk, 
 eight eggs, two tea spoonsful of pearlash, gin- 
 ger, and sufficient flour to make it stiff as pound 
 cake. 
 
182 TO PRESERVE PEACHES. 
 
 TO PKESERYE PEACHES. 
 
 Take ripe free stone peaches — pare, stone and 
 quarter them; to six pounds of the cut peaches 
 allow three pounds of the best brown sugar; 
 stew the sugar and peaches together, and set 
 them away in a covered vessel; next morning 
 put them into a preserving kettle and boil it 
 slowly about an hour and three quarters, skim- 
 ming it well. 
 
 TO PKESERYE PLUMBS, &c. 
 
 A pound of sugar to a pound of fruit; the 
 sugar should be melted over a fire, moderate 
 enough not to scorch it when melted. It should 
 be skimmed clean and the fruit dropped in to 
 eiq^mer until it is soft. Put them in jars and 
 cover carefully from the air. Glass is much 
 better than earthen for preserves — they are not 
 so apt to ferment. 
 
TO TAKE GREASE OUT OF CLOTH, &C. 183 
 
 SOAP TO TAKE GREASE OUT OF CLOTH, 
 
 SATINS, SILKS, &c. 
 
 Take 4 pounds of white Bar soap, IJ pints 95 
 per cent, alcohol, 1^ ounces of nitric acid, 2 do. 
 of saltpetre, 2 ounces soda, | ounce camphor; cut 
 the har soap into thin shavings, put all the 
 ahove ingredients in a crock, then boil over a 
 slow fire, with very little blaze; pulverize your 
 camj)hor as fine as possible and when all is 
 properly dissolved, which will take 1 hour or so 
 then take the pot off the fire and when cooled 
 add 1^ ounces spirits of amonia, pour in slowly 
 stirring all the time; should it catch on fire 
 smother it with a cover or by throwing a cloth 
 over the pot. Stir while boiling, and scett with 
 J ounce of oil of cinnamon. This will remove 
 grease spots from cloth, silks, &c., by taking a 
 tooth brush — dip into water aftd make a lather 
 with the soap^ rub the grease spot well with the 
 brush and lather, then wash it out twice in cold 
 water, rinsing and squeezing the soap out as 
 clean as possible — let it be clean water each 
 time. This will take grease, paint, tar, oil^ &c., 
 
184 SOAP FOR GREASE, TAR, PAIXT, &C. 
 
 out of any kind of goods wlien properly ap- 
 pliad. By pouring it in a flat pan you can cut 
 your soap into cakes of any size. 
 
 SOAP FOE GREASE, TAR, PAINT, &c. 
 
 Take 1 quart 95 per cent, alcohol, 2f pounds 
 best home made soap; cut the soap into thin 
 shavings, then put the soap and alcohol into -a 
 pan or vessel over a slow fire, and let all dissolve 
 hefore it boils; when dissolved boil a few min- 
 utes, then pour the soap into a pan, and when 
 cooled off cut into cakes. This prei^aration is 
 excellent for washing dirty clothes and will not 
 require near the labor that the common soap 
 does. For cloth, silks, &c., you may take less 
 soap. It may be used in the same manner di- 
 rected for the other soap. _ . 
 
 REMEDY FOR ITCH No. V. 
 
 • Take broad dock roots and lard sufficient to 
 form a mixture, boil it until it forms a salve. — 
 
REMEDIES FOR ITCH. 185 
 
 Bury tli6 salve in tlie ground for 24 hours, tlien 
 grease 2 or 3 times every evening before going 
 to hed, dry in by the stove and shift the clothes. 
 It never fails. Take sulphor of brimstone sev- 
 eral days before applying the salve. This plant 
 is hot the burdock nor the narrowdock, which it 
 resembles, except that the leaves of the broad 
 dock are broader and the stocks do not grow 
 near so high. 
 
 EEMEDY FOR ITCH No. 2. 
 
 Take 4 ounces of venice turpentine, 4 ounces 
 of red precipitate, I pound of unwashed butter. 
 The turpentine must be washed 9 times in fresh 
 spring water, then mix all the ingredients 
 thoroughly. Apply several times of an evening 
 before going to bed and dry in at the stove, af- 
 ter which put on clean clothes. Avoid getting 
 wet while using this salve. Take sulphor and 
 cream of tartar 2 or 3 days before applying. 
 
186 REMEDIES FOR ITCH. 
 
 KEMEDY FOE ITCH No. 3. 
 
 Take narrow dock and grate it^ then add 
 sweet milk or cream and fry them together and 
 grease with it 3 or 4 times every evening, dry- 
 ing in at the stove, then dress with clean 
 clothes. Take J tea spoonful of sulphor twice 
 a day several days before and after. This is a 
 certain cure. 
 
 PILLS BY DE. W. B. YOUNa. 
 
 Take calomel, jalap, aloes and rhuhaih, equal 
 portions, mix all together and add a little water 
 at a time, and mix until you cannot see the calo- 
 mel grains, roll in powderedlielchore or epicac. 
 Dose from 1 to 3 pills once a day in the even- 
 ing. Eoll the mixture out in rolls and cut up 
 to make the regular sizes. These are an excel- 
 lent domestic pill. 
 
FRENCH PATENT OIL VARNISH. 18T 
 
 FKENCH PATENT OIL VARjSISH. 
 
 For Boots, Shoes, Harness and Carriages: — 
 Take 1 gallon alcohol, IJ pounds gum shellac, 
 8 ounces of white turpentine, 4 ounces of rosin, 
 4 ounces of venice turpentine, 4 ounces oil of 
 lavender, 1 ounce lamp black to color with; put 
 the gum shellac and alcohol into a jug and 
 shake let it stand a day or two to dissolve, then 
 add the other ingredients and shake well until 
 all is dissolved, when it is ready for use. In 
 applying this polish use a sponge or brush, 
 lightly and briskly, and it will make a beauti- 
 ful polish. It will render leather water proof, 
 but if used regularly a small quantity of oil 
 should be 'applied occasionally. 
 
 COX'S HIVE SYRUP. 
 
 Take of bruised squills 10 drachms^ seneca 
 snake root 10 drachms; add the squills and 
 snake root to 1 pint of water that has been first 
 boiled, settled and poured off and simmer slowly 
 until you have but half a pint of water, then 
 strain it off and add clarified sugar 1 pound, 
 
188 cox's HIVE SYRUP. 
 
 ' and simmer until all are well mixed, then add 
 tartar emetic 22 grains, salts of tartar 22 grains, 
 stir and mix properly while the fluid is warm, 
 stop it uj) tight for use. This syrup is good in 
 coughs, croup or bad colds in children, in 10 or 
 15 drop doses — no family should do without it 
 one day. If you do not wish to be troubled 
 making it, buy some and always keep it in your 
 house. It is a sure and safe remedy for croup, 
 in which little larger doses should be adminis- 
 tered often until it vomits pretty freely — con- 
 tinue with the syrup until the tightness is bro- 
 ken, then use occasionally, not enough to vomit 
 so often. By keeping this remedy at hand you 
 may save some one of your family, and a large 
 amount of trouble and expense. In croup put 
 a mustard plaster on the breast and throat im- 
 mediately, as no time is to be lost. Mustard 
 plaster is made with ground mustard and wheat 
 flour equal parts; mix them together and wet 
 with warm vinegar, greasing the throat and 
 breast with turpentine or good liniment; put- 
 ting flannel around the neck is very good. — 
 Young parents should be on their guard when 
 not acqisiiinted with the disease. 
 
DOMESTIC COUGH SYRUP. 189 
 
 DOMESTIC COUan SYEUP. 
 
 Take of cumfrey root one ounce, elecampane 
 root 1 ounce, nettle root 1 ounce, hoarhound 
 leaves 1 ounce^ spikenard root J ounce, pulver- 
 ize all fine and boil them in a quart of water 
 down to a pint, strain the liquor off and when 
 settled pour off again; add to it 1 pint of strained 
 honey, and simmer down slowly to a pint and 
 a half; add to it scant ^ ounce juice of Indian 
 turnip; take a green turnip and beat and squeeze 
 the juice out, add to the syrup when milk warm; 
 if put in while hot it will loose its medical 
 properties. A table spoonful or less may be 
 taken from 4 to 6 times a day, in cases of bad 
 cough, it is healing and strengthening to the 
 lungs; it may be made with or without the In- 
 dian turnip juice. The Indian turnip is an ex- 
 cellent of itself. 
 
190 GREAT SALVE FOR WOUNDS, &C. 
 
 GREAT SAL YE FOR WOUNDS, &c. 
 
 Take 1 pound sheep tallow, 1 pound beeswax, 
 ^ pound rosin elder inside bark, 1 pound balm 
 of gillead leaves or flowers, put into a pan and 
 fry over a slow fire to a salve, spread thin on a 
 linen rag and apply 2 or 3 times a day. 
 
 SODA POWDERS. 
 
 To make tbese powders put 1 tea spoonful of 
 carbonate of soda into a glass nearly half full of 
 water, and J tea spoonful of tartaric acid in the 
 other, and add enough sugar and lemon syrup 
 or lemon juice to suit the taste; stir and dissolve 
 the powders and sugar, then pour one into the 
 other and drink while effervescing. This is a 
 very pleasant and cooling drink. 
 
PATENT BLACK JAPAN. 191 
 
 PATENT BLACK JAPAK. 
 
 For iron or wood carriages, &g. Take 1 gal- 
 lon of turpentine, 2^- pounds asplialtunij put 
 tliem into an iron pot over a charcoal fire and 
 let remain until dissolved, then strain it — if it 
 becomes too thick when cold add spirits of tur- 
 pentine. For wood or canvass add while hot, 
 to every gallon 1 pint of copal varnish and J 
 pint of linseed oil. This is a good and cheap 
 paint or varnish, used by a great many coach- 
 makers, blacksmiths, &c. 
 
 TO MAKE SOFT SOAP. 
 
 Take 10 pounds of common yellow or rosin 
 soap, such as is purchased here for'4 or 6 cents 
 per pound, 6 pounds sal-soda, 10 gallons soft 
 or rain water; cut the soap into small thin pieces 
 and put the whole over a fire, bring the water 
 nearly to a boiling point and allow it to remain 
 at that temperature until the soap is thoroughly 
 dissolved; it may then be taken ofi". If the soap 
 made with these ingredients is found to be too 
 strong add cold water until it becomes of the 
 proper consistency and strength. 
 
192 FURNITURE POLISH. 
 
 FUENITUKE POLISH. 
 
 Take J pound beeswax, separate into sliav- 
 ingSj put in a pan and add i gallon of spirits 
 of turpentine and 1 pint linseed oil; let it re- 
 main for 12 hours, then stir it well with a stick 
 into a liquid; while stirring add J pound shellac 
 varnish and 1 ounce alkinet root. Put this 
 mixture into a gallon jar and stand it before a 
 fire or in an oven for a week, just to keep it 
 warm, shaking it up 3 or 4 times a day, then 
 strain it through a hair seive or fine flannel. In 
 using pour a tea spoonful on a wad of baize or 
 flannel, and go lightly over the face or other 
 parts of the mahogany furniture, then apply a 
 similar dry wad briskly and in three minutes 
 it will produce a dark brilliant polish, unequal- 
 led and of great value. The shellac varnish is 
 made b}" taking ^ pound good gum shellac and 
 pouring alcohol enough over to dissolve it, say 
 as much as to cover the shellac. 
 
ESSENCE OF LEMON. 193 
 
 ESSENCE OF LEMON. 
 
 Take 1 pint alcohol, ^ ounce of oil of lemon, 
 color with tincture of tamarisk. To make these 
 essences for family use you should take 95 per 
 cent, alcohol and the quantity of oil named in 
 the reciept, which will save you three hundred 
 per cent, paying you for your labor. If you 
 wish to make a pint, get a glass bottle that will 
 hold a little more than a pint and put your al- 
 cohol and oil in, shake and mix them well, then 
 color to suit. 
 
 To make 1 ^gallon of the essences for sale, 
 take 1 gallon of common alcohol and 2 ounces 
 of the oil — color as in the others. 
 
 ESSENCE OF PEPPERMNT. 
 
 Take 1 pint alcohol, J ounce of oil of pep- 
 permint, and if you wish it colored add in small 
 quantities the tincture of tamarisk, stirring it, 
 until you have the color to suit your taste. This 
 is excellent for cramp colic in man or horse. 
 13 
 
194 EYE WATEH. 
 
 EYE WATER. 
 
 Take 40 grains sulpliate of zinc to ^ pint of 
 warm soft water, sTiake until well dissolved and 
 cork up tightly. In using pour out about 1 
 tea spoonful into a cup and bathe the eyes with 
 it. Never use by dipping your finger into the 
 bottle, but pour a small quantity out into a ves- 
 sel of some kind. This is the best eye water 
 yet introduced and will be certain to relieve the 
 inflamed eye. Try it and its efficacy will soon 
 be manifested. Always bathe the eye of an 
 evening, just before going to bed — if it is used 
 during the day you should keep out of the air. 
 If too strong add a little water. The cost of 
 this preparation is but 6J cents, and cannot be 
 surpassed. 
 
 ESSE^S^^E OF CINNAMON. 
 
 Take 1 pint of alcohol, ^ ounce of oil of cin- 
 namon, color with the tincture of red sanders, 
 and mix as above. This is excellent in diarrhoea, 
 summer complaints or looseness of the bowels. 
 
CERTAIN CURE FOR "FELON. IgS 
 
 CERTAIN CURE FOR FELOlSr. 
 
 We liave known instances of the ifiost intense 
 suffering, neither rest by day or sleep at niglit, 
 in which this process has effected cures. As soon 
 as it becomes apparent that a felon is making its 
 appearance, which is known by a constant sore-: 
 ness and i^ain proceeding from the bone^ take a 
 strong cord of any kind and wrap it about the 
 afflicted part, as tightly as can be borne; keep 
 it in this condition until the pain can be endured 
 no longer. Now loose the cords and soon as the 
 pain, caused by the cording subsides, tighten it 
 again. Continue this for several days or until^ 
 the felon is complete^ blackened and killed. — 
 We have known several persons who have been 
 afflicted with felons to try this remedy with 
 success — in fact we have never known it to fail. 
 The cording stops the circulation and then the 
 sore has nothing to feed upon, when it soon dies 
 of starvation. We have faith in this remed}^, 
 even after a felon has made considerable pro- 
 gress. If the felon has commenced at the bone 
 
196 CURE FOR BRONCHITIS. 
 
 tHe sooner you have it cut the better; there is no 
 application that will burst or open the skin that 
 is' next to the bone, it should be cut if the above 
 remedy fails. — Clipper. 
 
 CUEE FOB BKONCHITIS. 
 
 Croton oil it is said will entirely remove this 
 complaint. A minister of the gospel who had 
 been laid aside from his pastoral office by the 
 bronchitisj for three years, has entirely recovered 
 his voice by the application of croton' oil to the 
 surface of the throat, against the organ affected, 
 one drop daily rubbed over the surface produced 
 a singular but powerful eruption of the skin, 
 which as it progressed restored his voice to its 
 full tone and vigor. 
 
RECEIPT FOR HOGS. 19Y 
 
 RECEIPT FOR HOGS. 
 
 That have lost their appetite. Put urine in 
 the slop, or when you can conveniently, urinate 
 in the trough as you pass along. This is excel- 
 lent, hut a small quantity of ashes put in their 
 slop cannot he surpassed for restoring the appe- 
 tite, and also very good for the kidneys, worms, 
 &c. Give it a trial and he convinced of its effi- 
 cacy. 
 
 GREASE FOR CARRIAGES, &c. 
 
 Take 1 pound of heeswax. ^ pint of lamp 
 Hack, mix well while hot. and when cooling off, 
 add oil until it hecomes of a proper consistency. 
 In the winter season add more oil. This makes 
 a lasting grease, which cannot he surpassed for 
 carriages, &c. 
 
198 FOR PLAGUE BLISTER. 
 
 FOE PLAGUE BLISTER. 
 
 Take sassafras leaves and dip tliem in warm 
 water, then take castile soap and make a thick 
 lather, and apply with a soft hrush as far as the 
 sore or inflammation extends, then apply the 
 sassafras leaves, warm 3 or 4 thick, tie 'it up 
 loosely, renew every 8 hours. This cannot be 
 surpassed for inflammation of this nature. Give 
 it a trial and its efiects will soon be felt. Use 
 none but castile soap. 
 
 The following certiiicate attests the value of 
 this simple cure: — 
 
 MiDDLETOWN Frederick Co., Md. \ 
 June 5th, 1852./ 
 To all whom it may concern, greeting: — 
 
 I hereby certify, that some time in March, 184Y, my wife "was 
 afflicted with a pain and swelling in her arm, which proved ex- 
 tremely painful, and appeared to be contracting the arm, leav- 
 ing a red or purple streak as far as the swelling extended. As 
 some three or four of my children were then lying sick with scar- 
 let fever, also a negro girl, several physicians were sent for to 
 attend them, who were consulted in relation to my wife. Some 
 pronounced it the hysterics, others attempted to effect a cure, 
 but all in vain; at length it was pronounced a pest or plague 
 blister and very dangerous. The person who informed me what 
 it was, recommended me to Mr. J. D. Koogle for a cure. Mr. 
 Koogle came aad applied poultices, which in an hour or two 
 
FOR PLAGUE BLISTER. 199 
 
 after the first application relieved her so much as to enaJble her 
 to sleef J which she had not done for ten or twelve days. Pre- 
 vious to this the physicians recommended every thing that had 
 a tendency to induce sleep without avail. Nothing could ease 
 her pain so as to enable her to sleep. She continued the poul- 
 tices recommended by Mr. Koogle until finally relieved, though 
 they left the hand and part of the arm perfectly hollow — noth- 
 ing but skin, bone and sinew — yet the parts are now entirely 
 healed and as full as usual, without any other application. 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 JACOB T. C. MILLER. 
 
 EECEIPT FOR HUMORS OR BREAKma 
 OUT ON CHILDREN. 
 
 Take wheat flotir and put into a hot stove 
 roast it to a brown color, stir and mix it while 
 browning. In using sprinkle on the sore — it 
 scarcely ever fails to heal after all other reme- 
 dies have failed. ■ The sores should not be dried 
 up too suddenly, and particularly when it is a 
 general breaking out over the face, hands, &c. 
 
200 CURE FOR THE BITE OF A SNAKE. 
 
 CERTAIN CURE FOR BITE OF A SKAKE. 
 
 Drink as much whiskey as you can. It will 
 do no harm and is a certain cure — use it imme- 
 diately after the bite. 
 
 CURE FOR THE BITE OF A MAD DOG. 
 
 Take of elecampane root 1 J ounces, cut it fine 
 or pulverize if you can, then boil it in one pint 
 of new milk down to a quarter of a pint. Take 
 this in the morning fasting, and eat no food till 
 4 o'clock in the afternoon. It should be taken 
 every other morning — the tv/o last doses must 
 weigh 2 ounces each. This may be used several 
 . times a day. 
 
 CLAY POULTICE FOR MAN OR HORSE 
 
 Take of yellow clay any quantity, and add 
 vinegar enough to form a poultice, apply it cold. 
 To a sprained joint it gives very speedy relief, 
 often cures in one night. This cannot be sur- 
 passed for a fresh sprain on horses. 
 
DOMESTIC TONIC. 201 
 
 DOMESTIC TONIC. 
 
 Yellow poplar bark, dogwood bark, wild 
 cherry bark, 1 ounce of each; pulverize fine, and 
 add to them 1 quart of whiskey, shake the bot- 
 tle and let it stand one week. A table spoonful 
 in water three times a day is a dose in cases of 
 debility after fevers. 
 
 OINTMENT FOR SCROFULUS ULCERS. 
 
 Take of basilicon ointment 1 ounce, venico 
 turpentine ^ oz,. pulverized verdigris 2 drachms, 
 beef gall ^ ounce, mix them perfectly over a 
 slow fire. Dress the sores twice a day — do not 
 wet them but wipe them clean with a soft rag. 
 
 GREEN OINTMENT. 
 
 Take basilicon ointment J pound, finely pul- 
 vized verdigris -J ounce ; melt the basilicon 
 slowly and add the verdigris, stirring until it 
 is well mixed. This is a good dressing for old 
 sores and ring worms on the head or face. 
 
202 TINCTUEE OF PEACH KERNELS. 
 
 TINCUTRE OF PEACH KERNELS. 
 
 Take | pint of peach kernels, bruise the and 
 add one quart of whiskey. Take a table spoon- 
 ful three times a day. This often cures gravel 
 in the form of sand or fine gravel in the blad- 
 der. We have known the patient to pass off 
 gravel in large quantities while using this rem- 
 edy. 
 
 FOR TRANSPLANTma TREES. 
 
 That are flagging or drooping, or looking as 
 if they were going to say good bye. First re- 
 duce the top litter, or if needed a good deal, it 
 may be that there is more top to exhaust than 
 root to supply; then loosen the soil and water 
 if dry, and lastly mulch the ground as far as 
 the roots extend. This you may do by covering 
 it with three or four inches of straw. Litter 
 tan bark or something of that sort to keep the 
 roots cool and moist, so as to cause them into 
 
HOW TO KEEP APPLES. 203 
 
 new growth. Watering a transplanted tree 
 every day, letting the surface dry hard with the 
 sun and wind, is too much like basting a joint 
 of meat before the kitchen fire to be looked upon 
 as decent treatment, for any thing living when 
 you water do it after the sun sets. If you find 
 your fruit trees barren from too great running 
 to wood_, (about the first of June is the time) 
 clip or pinch off the ends of the side shoots, so 
 as to expend its substance in making buds in- 
 stead of wasting all the sap in over growth. 
 
 HOW TO KEEP APPLES, 
 
 Spread on the floor oats to thTOepth of about 
 two inches; the oats should be good and prop- 
 erly cured, and then place your apples side by 
 side on the oats until they are covered over with 
 them. Then cover your apples again, and con- 
 tinue laying a course of apples and oats until 
 you have finished your crop. If they are prop- 
 erly put up they will keep better in this way 
 than any other way. Farmer try it and con- 
 vince yourself. 
 
iOi 
 
 do:mestic yeast. 
 
 DOMESTIC YEAST. 
 
 Boil 1 pound of good flour, J pound of brown 
 sugar and a little salt with two gallons of water 
 for one hour. When milk warm bottle it and 
 cork close; it will be fit for use in 24 hours; 1 
 pound yeast will make 18 pounds of bread. 
 
 COMPOST TO PREVENT CROWS AND 
 INSECTS FROM TAKING CORN. 
 
 Take from 1 to 2 pounds sulphor brimstone 
 mixed with plaster and ashes, and a handful 
 scattered on to the corn as it peeps out of the 
 ground will be sufficient to protect an acre from 
 their ravages. Brimstone is a good manure on 
 all soil that does not abound in it. 
 
How TO DESTROY LICE OR VERMIN. 205 
 
 HOW TO DESTROY LICE OR VERMIN 
 
 ON CHICKENS. 
 
 t 
 Place among tlie sa,nd and dust that tlie hens 
 
 nnst themselves in J pound black sulphor and 
 also sprinkle some lime in and mix. This will 
 keep them off and give them a glossy appear- 
 ance. If infested with these insects dampen the 
 skin under the feathers with a little water, then 
 sprinkle a little black sulphor on the skin, and 
 in 12 hours they will all disappear. Also, pre- 
 vious to setting a hen, if the nest be slightly 
 sprinkled with the sulphor there, is no danger 
 of the hen becoming annoyed hj^^tmr. 
 
 WORTH KNOWING. 
 
 One ix>und of green coperas, costing 6 cents, 
 dissolved in 1 quart of water, and poured down 
 a privey, will effectually destroy tli€ foulest 
 smells; for water closets aboard ships and steam- 
 boats, or for rats, mice, &c., keep it dissolved 
 
206 WORTH Kxowixa. 
 
 near the place and in a few days it will all dis- 
 ajDpear. About hotels and other pnhlic places, 
 there is nothing so nice to cleanse places as sim- 
 ple green coperas dissolved under the hed in any 
 thing that will hold water, and thus render a 
 hospital and other places for the sick free from 
 unpleasant smells. For butchers* stalls, fish 
 markets, slaughter houses, sinks and wherever 
 there are offensive and putrid gasses, dissolve 
 coperas and sprinkle it about, and in a few days 
 the smell will pass away. -f 
 
 ^« 
 
 %' 
 
 P' 
 
INFORMATION HOW 
 TO TREAT DANGEROUS DISEASES. 
 
 There are several diseases which are very 
 dangerous and run their course in a very short 
 time, and prove fatal if they are not properly 
 treated or arrested hefore they become firmly 
 seated. I would here urge upon every owner ' 
 of horses, (and in fact every disease whicl^JJais 
 work treats on,) to pay strict ytoi^n to it. 
 In many diseases, what you call^^Hnm be done 
 at once or not at all — the old ssmng is 'a stitch 
 in time saves nine,' and there is a great deal 
 of truth in thi^, in many diseases, 
 
 I would here urge upon you the importance 
 of glystering in certain diseases. In the Wind 
 Colic and also in the Spasmodic Colic, as soon 
 as you ascertain what the disease is and not be- 
 fore. The truth of the matter is that no man 
 has any right to give any medicine until he is 
 certain what the disease is. Give the medicine 
 
208 APPENDIX. 
 
 and course of treatment prescribed in the disease 
 then quickly follow with injections. If you 
 have neglected to prepare yourself for glyster- 
 ing, back-rake with your hand — this is done by 
 greasing the hand and arm with lard or. oil and 
 introduce it as far as you can. The glystering 
 or back-raking never does any hg,rm but always 
 assists in relieving. Every owner of horses 
 should prepare himself w^ith several large beef 
 or hog bladders, a few elders with the pith 
 punched or burnt out, and by so doing you are 
 prepared at any time to give an injection. This 
 may be done by cutting a notch around the one 
 end olf ^i^jg^r, then fill your bladder with 
 soap sudsoW^noxt tie the bladder on the end 
 of the elder you have notched, firmly, and in- 
 troduce the elder into the fundament, and then 
 you can force the suds into the fundament easily 
 by pressing on the bladder. You should in all 
 cases where there is great danger of loosing your 
 horse, give injections and continue to repeat 
 them until they operate. There are many 
 cases in colics that the horse is bound or corked, 
 this can be perceived by the horse trying fre- 
 quently or straining to dung ; when this does 
 
APPEXDIX. 209 
 
 occur it is very dangerous and you must in these 
 cases give large doses of aloes and glyster free- 
 ly, repeating until you get it to operate. If 
 you fail to get an operation you will loose your 
 horse. Preparation for glystering: Take warm 
 water and make a suds with soap^ add thereto 
 ep^om salts, and in some cases you may add J 
 oz. aloes. Fish oil is a very good article of it- 
 self; from a pint to a quart for one injection. 
 I have known 1 pint of fish oil to he given as a 
 drencli in colic, and has relieved where all other 
 remedies have failed. 
 
 I will here state that there are more horses 
 killed by medicine improperly .^^n than ever 
 was cured. For this reason, the^|7eat majority 
 of owners of horses and in fact a great many 
 farriers who pretend to know, do not know 
 what the disease is, and next is a dose of medi- 
 cine and perhaps in less than half an hour the 
 horse drops down dead, and why, because in 
 many cases the medicine giv^en for the disease, 
 is the dose that poisons or killsjiim, from the 
 fact that he was mistaken in the disease, or 
 given medicine for one disease when it was 
 another. Therefore, I here again assert that 
 14 
 
210 APPEXDIX. 
 
 no man lias au}' right to give medicine until he 
 ffllj ascertains what the disease is. This he 
 can easily get at if he will pay some attention 
 to the symptoms which are so plainly descrihed 
 in this work. As soon as your horse commences 
 to complain, watch him closely and you will 
 find him to point out to you plainly what the 
 disease is, and you will find the horse to point 
 it out to a hair's hreadth as I have described it 
 to you. 
 
 Why is it that men will toil and labor hard 
 through the summer's heat, and expose them- 
 selves to the extreme cold in winter, and at the 
 end of the y^r perhaps, will lose more in horse 
 flesh than they have made. Millions of dollars 
 are lost yearly in horses and a great part of it 
 ibr the want of carefulness and paying some at- 
 tention to the diseases of the horse, which costs 
 no man any hard labor or exposure. Let me 
 urge upon you the importance of reading this 
 work over again and again, paying attention to 
 it as you peruse it over, and you will find it 
 gives you such information as each and every 
 person should have for his own interest. I will 
 here state that an ounce of preventative is a 
 
APPENDIX. 211 
 
 great deal better tlian a pound of cure. Many 
 diseases might be prevented by being cautious 
 in their treatment 'to horses and keeping them 
 in- a healthy condition. This shoukl be done 
 by using the celebrated horse powders on page 
 60 J twice a year^ fall and spring. Say you feed 
 from 1 to 1 J pounds to each horse, each time, 
 fall and spring. If you. adopt this once you 
 will never depart from it afterward, as you will 
 find it to be a preventative of diseases and will 
 find so much improvement in your stock tliat 
 you will not depart from it. Every man that 
 has a horse should habit himself to sprinkle a 
 little salt on the feed every time he feeds his 
 horse. The salt is nourishing and is just as 
 much needed in the horse's food every meal as 
 it is needed on the food that a man eats. 
 
 The Inflammation of the Lungs is another 
 dangerous disease. It is becoming to be a com- 
 mon disease among horses, and carries off its 
 thousands, simply because it is at first a sneak- 
 ing disease; the farmer and owner thinks very 
 little of it when it first makes its appearance, 
 and the truth is there are very few persons who 
 know anything about the disease, and if it is suf- 
 
f 
 
 212 ■ APPENDIX. 
 
 fered to run over the tliird day, you might as 
 well take the horse out where you want him to 
 die ; yet, with all its danger and certainty of 
 death if neglected, there is not a disease which 
 is plainer in its symptoms or is pointed out 
 plainer by the horse than in this disease. It is 
 impossible to be mistaken in this disease if you 
 but pay the least attention to it, and is easily 
 conquered if taken in time. In this disease the 
 foxglove, tartar emetic and nitre should be used 
 twice or thrice a day, as directed in Inflamma- 
 tion of the Lungs. 
 
 Bots is another wliicli is very dangerous when 
 tliey take hold. Feed the Celebrated Horse 
 Powders, as directed and use plenty of salt and 
 you will not have one case in a thousand of 
 Bots. 
 
 If you want the best Lotion in the world for 
 fresh or old wounds on horses, turn to page ^0, 
 there you will find it. Tincture of Aloes and 
 Myhr; if you want to cure the Ringbone or Spa- 
 vin, turn to page *7l, and you will find it; if 
 you want to cure the Blood or Bog Spavin, turn 
 to page 68; if you want a Lotion for to cure the 
 Scratches in a few days, turn to page C4; if you 
 
APPENDIX. 213 
 
 want a Lotion for Sprains, Bruises, Swellings, 
 &c., turn to page 63; if you want a certain 
 remedy for Sweaney, turn to page 74; if you 
 Vv^ant to see the List of Medicines used in the 
 diseases of horses, you will find them from pages 
 93 to 108^ giving their medical properties and 
 uses. 
 
 , I will here name a" few Domestic Medicines, 
 Keceipts, •&c., and would urge every .person and 
 family to make use of them and keep them on 
 hand, as they have proven to he very valuahle 
 and will do what they are recommended to do. 
 Dr. Wickey's Cholera Medicine cannot be sur- 
 passed for cholera, cholera morbus, diarrhoea, 
 summer complaint, looseness of the bowels, sick- 
 ness of the stomach, cramp colic, flux, &c. This 
 Medicine is easily prepared" and will keep for 
 many years if made out of good brandy. There 
 is not any Medicine now in use that will give 
 the same amount of satisfaction as this, and it 
 is perfectly safe and harmless, as it is purely 
 vegetable, see page 148. 
 
 Prof. Biddle's preparation for the hair and 
 head will positively cure the tetter or any itch- 
 ing or humor of the skin, will prevent the hair 
 
214 APPENDIX. 
 
 from fiilling off, and has restored more liair tlian 
 any other hair restorative ever introduced, see 
 page 11 4:. 
 
 If you want sweet cider the year round, turn 
 to page 165 and follow directions, and you will 
 have it; if you want honey without bees, turn 
 to page 161 and you can have it; if you have 
 the rheumatism and want to he cured, turn ta 
 pages 152, 153, 154 and 155; if you want a lin- 
 iment that cannot he surpassed and is easily 
 made, turn to page 157 and you will see how to 
 make it. You should add double the quantity 
 of laudanum and use the spirits of* saltpetre — 
 which is made by pouring alcohol over the salt- 
 petre, the same as the camphor. 
 
 If you want to read an interesting subject, 
 turn to page 131 and read the whole subject 
 and you will have it in truth; if you want the 
 best medicine in the world for colic, turn to 
 pages 128 and 129. I will here state that the 
 Pipsissiway is the best for colic, it has a whit- 
 ish stripe running through the centre of the 
 leaf. The Wintergreen has not this whitish 
 gtripe through the centre; both of them keep 
 green the year round. The Wintergreen is con- 
 
APPENDIX. • 215 
 
 sidered very excellent for colds and coughs, it 
 is used as a tea for couglis. If you want an eye 
 Avater that will relieve inflamed eyes, turn to 
 page 194; tliis is truly valuable and is a harm- 
 less application, yet easily made^ costing but 
 6|- cents. 
 
 I have here named some of the leading arti- 
 cles, which will prove to be very valuable to all 
 that have occasion to make use of them. Try 
 them and you will be convinced. 
 
 SCAELET FEYEK. 
 
 I will here give to the reader the symptoms 
 of Scarlet Fever. This disease has slain its 
 tliousands where the monster disease, Cholera 
 has slain its hundreds, and it becomes every 
 parent to feel it his duty to be careful when the 
 disease is in the neighborhood. It is evm^t 
 that the disease is contageous, in this fom^t 
 can be taken by inhaling the breath from one 
 that has it, and it is satisfactorily proven that 
 it can be carried in woollen goods from one fam- 
 ily to another. 
 
216 APPEisDix. 
 
 Symptoms — Tins disease commences witli cliil- 
 liness, dullness of the head and prostration of 
 strength, according to the violence of the attack. 
 There is sometimes nausea and vomiting, and 
 the surface soon becomes florid and hot. 
 
 The throat is generally inflamed and the 
 same appearance extends to the tongue, which 
 is sometimes of a very deep scarlet, tinged with 
 blue. If the symptoms are increased, it is called 
 Scarlet Fever in a malignant form, the symp- 
 toms are very violent and the patient becomes 
 pale and faint, the heart palpitates, the Fever 
 continues to rise higher and higher, there is 
 great danger. 
 
 The pulse now rises to one hundred and fif- 
 teen or twenty strokes in a minute. The pulse 
 and the eruption will give the form and charac- 
 ter of the disease. The eruption generally com- 
 mences with red patches, which spread and 
 unite till they cover the whole body. The 
 erufjition appears first on the face and neck, 
 then on the legs, and the redness is greatest 
 about the loins and bending of the joints, and 
 on the hands and ends of the fingers. There is 
 however not a perfect regularity in the erup- 
 
 * 
 
APPENDIX. 217 
 
 tion of Scarlet Fever, either in appearance or 
 duration. In ordinary cases the eruption re- 
 mains ou^ ahout four days, when the grain of 
 the skin begins to peel off and in a few days 
 more it disappears. As the disease progresses, 
 the tonsils becomes specked with ash colored 
 spots and Ulceration follows. In favorable 
 cases their slugs come off in eight or ten days. 
 If the Patient does not die b}^ the ninth day, 
 he will generally get well under proper man- 
 agement, though it may be three "weeks, in 
 some cases before he recovers. AYhen this dis- 
 ease terminates favorably, all the symptoms 
 generally yiekl, beginning about the fourth day 
 after the eruption appears. The patient is 
 more liable to relapse in this disease than any 
 other, and caution shoukl be used to prevent 
 a relapse. Parents would do w^ell to watch its 
 first appearance and keep their children from 
 its influence as much as possible ilsing prevent- 
 atives, such as keeping a tar plaster around the 
 neck, keeping gum camphor, a little asafoetida 
 
 and a small piece of garlic around the 
 
 this should be put into a small muslin bag and 
 hung around the neck. Let the children eat 
 
218 ' APPENDIX. 
 
 small pieces of garlic during tlie day. These 
 are considered preventatives by tlie Medical 
 Faculty. 
 
 Treatment — G-ive mild purgatives, such as 
 Oil, to keep the bowels open. Drink plentifully 
 of balm tea, if this cannot be had, use Sage, 
 Hysop, Saifron Blossom, or Dittany. This 
 will bring out the eruption and keep it out full. 
 If this can be accomplished, the danger will be 
 very much lessened. This fact should be kept 
 in view in all eruptive diseases. Keep a Tar 
 Plaster around the neck; add to the tar a small 
 portion of Spirits of Turpentine, keep this on 
 for some time, renewing, adding turpentine 
 enough to cause the skin to red. If the pa- 
 tient be not very careful when he gets out, he 
 will take cold, and the glands of the neck will 
 sv/ell and supperate and the ear will run, and 
 if great attention be not paid, deafness will 
 probably be the result. 
 
 They must be kept clean and Laudanum and 
 Sweet Oil put into them every day till they get 
 well. 
 
APPENDIX. 219 
 
 6 EEASONS FOR PLANTING an OECHARD. 
 
 First, would you leave an inheritance to your 
 children, plant an orchard. No other invest- 
 ment of money and labor will in the long run 
 pay so well. Second, would you make home 
 pleasant, the abode of the social virtues, plant 
 an orchard. Nothing better promotes among 
 neighbors a feeling of kindness and good will, 
 than a treat of good fruit often repeated. 
 
 Third, Would you remove from your child- 
 ren the strongest temptation to steal, plant an 
 orchard. If children cannot obtain fruit at 
 home, they are very apt to steal it, and when^ 
 they have learned to steal fruit, they are in a 
 fair way to steal horses, &c. 
 
 Fourth, AVould you cultivate a constant feel- 
 ing of thankfulness towards the Giver of all 
 good, plant an orchard. By having constantly 
 before you one of the greatest blessings given to 
 men, you must be hardened indeed if you are 
 not influenced by a spirit of humility and thank- 
 fulness. 
 
 Fifth, Would you have your children love 
 their home, respect their parents while living 
 and venerate their memory when dead, in all 
 their wanderings, look back upon the home of 
 
220 APPEXDIX. 
 
 Youtli as a sacred spot, as oasis in tlio great 
 wilderness of the world, then plant an orchard. 
 Sixth, In short, if 3^011 wish to avail yoniself 
 of the blessings of a bountiful Providence, which 
 are within your reach, you must plant an or- 
 chard. And when you do it, see that you plant 
 good fruit, don't plant Crab Apple Trees, nor 
 Wild Plums, nor Indian Peaches, the best are 
 the cheaj^est. Seriously, we have often wonder- 
 ed why our farmers did not devote more atten- 
 tion to the cultivation of fruit ; it certainly 
 would prove profitable and joleasant. An or- 
 chard of an acre or so of choice fruit, i)roperly 
 taken care of could not be the least profitable 
 portion of a farm. Upwards of a hundred 
 bushels of fruit can be gathered annually, and 
 without much trouble from merely a small gar- 
 den patch. One great point to commence with 
 is to procure good sorts, for it requires no more 
 labor to attend a tree that will bear apples 
 worth seventy-five cents and a dollar a bushel 
 than one producing those not worth more than 
 two shillings. Let our farmers think of these 
 things. But, the inquiry .is frequently made 
 how shall we manage our trees, to j)roduce fine 
 flavored fruit in a short time. 
 
APPENDIX. 221 
 
 Firstj select good, ricli soil, sucli as will pro- 
 duce 70 bush, indian corn per acre, if not such 
 it should be made such by manuring. You can- 
 not expect a tree to flourish and produce good 
 fruit when there is no strength or food to sup- 
 ply it with proper nourishment. It is too much 
 like building a house without a foundation, or 
 sitting down to dine at an empty dish, there 
 being nothing to support the growth of the tree, 
 no food to supply it -with proper nourishment^, 
 finally, it dies fo;: the want of nourishment, if 
 not, the fruit which it bears, if any, is small 
 and knotty, having scarcely any taste or flavor. 
 If you want nice, large, fine flavored fruit, pre- 
 pare your soil before planting your trees and 
 keep it prepared by manuring occasionally. It 
 is unreasonable to expect to raise fruit from a 
 tree when it is half or three quarters starved 
 out, all for the want of iiourishment. You may 
 here make inquiry how to prepare your soil. 
 This may be done by putting a heavy dressing 
 of manure on it,, then obtain sufficient depth of 
 soil, so as to enable the roots to extend them- 
 selves freely and hold moisture without dying 
 out in protracted drought. This may be done 
 with a common ploA^, letting it run 8 or 10 
 
222 APPENDIX. 
 
 inclies deep, then by means of a good subsoil plow, 
 running it in the same furrow, you will obtain 
 a depth of 15 or 18 inches. This process should 
 be continued until you have all plowed that 
 depth. When you have this accomplished, run 
 your harrow over several times leveling and 
 pulverizing it finely. When you have all this 
 completed your soil will be prepared for plant- 
 ing your trees. If you cannot possibly prepare 
 your soil in this way^ you should by all means 
 dig very large holes, say sfx or eight fefet in di- 
 ameter and a foot and a half deep, working the 
 manure through the soil as you dig it up. This 
 may seem to the farmer as requiring too much 
 labor, but will richly pay him for it in the 
 end. Plant your trees in this soil firmly, 
 leaving the soil a little lower about the body 
 of the tree, so as it may hold the water, if fill- 
 ed up about the level of the soil, the water 
 will run away from the roots and your, tree 
 may die for the want of moisture. Every 
 tree should have a stake driven in the ground 
 to fasten or stay the tree, so as to prevent the 
 storms from bending and switching it about. 
 If this is not done your trees will be injured, 
 
APPENDIX. * 223 
 
 and will not thrive. There are a great many 
 farmers complaining that they cannot raise any 
 fruit. Truly, how can they expect to raise fruit 
 when they will crowd their trees into small 
 holes, and the soil so hard that you can scarcely 
 drive a stake into it with a sledge, and ahove 
 all the land starved out, the grass and weeds 
 suffered to grow up at such a rate that you are 
 not ahle to see the body of the tree. Young 
 trees should he nursed and cultivated, keeping 
 the soil mellow hy repeated stiri-ing and pre- 
 venting the growth of any vegtahle for several 
 feet from the tree. A hoed crop is next best to 
 clear mellow ground. A sowed crop, grass or 
 weeds is ruinous to young trees. After you 
 have your tress well set', you should by all 
 means wash them down once or twice a year 
 with soap and water . Say about one quart of 
 soap to two quarts of water — wash from the 
 large branches to the bottom — this v/ill destroy 
 the insects that may be put into the body and 
 limbs of the tree. Many drooping trees have 
 been made healthy by using this wash. If you 
 wish to preserve your peach trees, it is neces- 
 sary for you to apply this to them twice a year, 
 also frequently pouring reasonably hot soap 
 
224 APPENDIX. 
 
 suds to the body and root of the tree; this will 
 kill and destroy the worm which so frequently 
 destroys your trees. The lie which is left at 
 the bottom of the kettle from boiling hot soap 
 is very good and should always be used to wash 
 your trees. If you wish to j^reserve your peach, 
 trees, you should by all means search the roots 
 and body of the tree, and where you find any 
 gum caused by the worm, remove it by means 
 of a knife, carefully cutting away where any 
 gum is found, and as far as there seems to be 
 a hollow under th^ bark, then v>^ash the Avhole 
 stem well, suffering it to run to the roots: It is 
 stated by a worthy gentleman, that by planting 
 tansey around the tree, the worm will not 
 trouble the lOots. This is simple enough and 
 worthy of a trial. It is hoped that these im- 
 portant truths will cause the Farmer and others 
 to put them in practice, and it most undoubted- 
 ly will be the means of raising improved fruit 
 and will be richly paid for all his labour. 
 
 HOW TO CATCH AN OWL. 
 
 Those who are troubled with owls, let them 
 set a steel trap on the top of a pole near the 
 hen roost^ and you will b)e certain to catch him. 
 
A SUPPLEMENT 
 
 FARMER'S OWN BOOK 
 
 A TREATISE OX THE 
 
 Diseases of Homed Cattle, 
 
 EXPLANATION OF THEIR SYMPTO]\IS, 
 
 COURSE OF TREATMENT TO BE PURSUED. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 J. D. KOOaLE, 
 
 Middletown, Maryland. 
 1858. 
 
PEEF A CE 
 
 The "beneficence of an all wise Providence in 
 organizing man, so as to secure him dominion 
 over animals of inferior physical construction, 
 impose on him obligations to exercise that emi- 
 nent advantage in a spirit of mercy and in mit- 
 igation of the pains and disorder of the brute 
 creation ! Impose upon him as a gentleman, 
 as am intelligent Farmer, or as a man of human- 
 ity; should deem it essential to make himself fa- 
 miliar with the nature and injuries of the suffer- 
 ing brute. To say nothing of the duty, which 
 common intelligence and humanity enjoins upon 
 every one to prepare himself with proper infor- 
 mation, remedies and common medicines, Avhich 
 wilt enable him to extend immediate relief to 
 the sj)eechless, suffering animals. No man 
 should hesitate, to provide himself with a book 
 which will teach him plainly in what way to 
 give belief to the poor speechless brute. 
 
HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 THE AGE. 
 
 The age of neat oattle is very difficult to get 
 atj until tliey reach the age of three years; af- 
 ter thiSj we get at the age by the horns. The 
 surface of the horn continues very smooth, un- 
 til the expiration of the second year of the ani- 
 mals life, when a wrinkle or circle of thicker 
 horn begins to he formed around the base. This 
 is truly completed in twelve months and an- 
 other ring then begins to appear,, so that if the 
 perfect rings or circles are counted, and two ad- 
 ded to them, the age of the beast is supposed 
 to be ascertained. These rings, however, are 
 not always clear and distinct, and it is very 
 easy to remove one or two of them with a rasp, 
 at least to the un practiced eye, when the ani- 
 mal begins to be remarkably old. In addition 
 to this, a Avell known fact should be stated: — 
 That if a heifer takes the bull at about two 
 years old, the first ring is formed a twelve 
 month before its usual time, and consequently 
 she would always appear to be reckoning by 
 her horns, a twelve month older than she really 
 
4 ]IuRNED CATTLE. 
 
 is. After all, the age as denoted by the Iiotd can 
 only be calculated in the Cow, These rings do 
 not begin to appear in the Ox or Bull until the 
 animal is five years old, and then they are fre- 
 quently too confused to be accurately counted. 
 
 When in health, a softness of the skin, and a 
 glossy appearance of the hair, not only indicates 
 present health, but a disposition to thrive; while 
 a hard dry skin clinging to the ribs, and a star- 
 ing in every direction, show that there is some- 
 thing wrong in the constitution, and that it will 
 be labor in vain to attempt to fatten suclf a 
 beast, for your own interest, you should put 
 your. beast in good condition, and keep it in con- 
 dition. 
 
 ON THE DISEASES OF HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 Inflammation: — Inflammation is the most fre- 
 quent diseased condition to which neat Cattle 
 are subject. External imflammation is known by 
 the part being swollen, tender and hotter, than 
 in its natural state; in garget or downfall of the 
 udder^ which is an imflammation of one or more 
 
iioaNed cattli:. 5 
 
 quarters of the bag; tlie affected parts are swol- 
 len, tender and hot. If this state of the hag is 
 neglected, matter or pus will he formed, and 
 make a troublesome job, this should not be ne- 
 glected or defered; if it is properly treated, the 
 swelling heat and tenderness will generally dis- 
 a]3pear. 
 
 INTERj^AL INFLAMMATION. 
 
 Internal Inflammation by other and often more 
 inctistinct symptons. We can here seldom ascer- 
 tain the heat or tenderness, or swelling of the 
 part, and can usually only judge of the com- 
 plaint, by the effects which it produces on the 
 system. Every internal inflammation soon affects 
 the whole system, accompanied with considera- 
 ble fever, and that fever and degree of it is easily 
 ascertained by the heat of the breath, and the 
 mouth, and the base of the horn, by the redness 
 of the eye, hardness of the pulse and the loss of 
 appetite. When Inflammation seizes any impor- 
 tant organ, as the brain, lungs, bowels, kidneys, 
 udder, &c., bleeding is to be immediately had re- 
 course to, after bleeding, a purging drink is to 
 
6 HonXED CATTLE. 
 
 be administered^ sometimes it is necessary to in- 
 sert a seton in the dew lap. For external im- 
 flammation from severe bruises, wounds and 
 other accidents, fomentations with warm or cold 
 water. Poultices made of Linseed Oil, when 
 they can be applied. 
 
 BLEEDING, ITS UTILITY. 
 
 Bleeding is a most useful and powerful reme- 
 dy, in the cure of Inflammatory Complaints, •It 
 lessens the quantity of blood in the vessels, and 
 diminishes nervous power. The following are the 
 chief diseases, in which bleeding is required. 
 
 In all kinds of fever, itching and humors of 
 the skin, enlarged glands, or kernels between 
 the jaws, bruises, strains, catarrh or colds, &c. 
 
 The jugular or neck vain, is that which is 
 mostly opened; in many inflammatory complaints 
 too much can hardly be taken, provided the bleed- 
 ing be stopped as soon as the patient appears 
 likely to faint or fall down. A strong healthy 
 Beast will bear the loss of iive six quarts of 
 blood without the least injury; large Cattle will 
 
liORXED CATTLE. 7 
 
 bear seven or eight quarts witli decided advan- 
 tas^e, 
 
 ox PHYSIC. 
 
 The chief purgative Medicines for neat Cattle 
 are Glauber Salts, Epsom Salts, Barbadoes aloes. 
 Linseed Oil and Sulphur. In some extreme 
 cases the Croton Nut, freshly prepared may be 
 used with decided advantage. Aloes are getting 
 into disuse, on account of it nauseating and exci- 
 ting the Animal; if it does not operate immedi- 
 ately, half an ounce of aloes may be added to the 
 salts with decided advantage. In particular 
 diseases where there is considerable fever, or the 
 attack of fever is apprehended^ there is no pur- 
 gative so beneficial as the Epsom Salts; in bad 
 cases twenty four ounces may be given at a dose, 
 and eight ounces of sulphur every six hours, 
 until the purgative effect is produced. Linseed 
 Oil is a good purgative, the dose is from a pint 
 to a pint and a half. Common Salt is a very 
 good purgative in mild cases, a pound dissolved 
 in warm water is a dose; it should not be given 
 when the animal labors with fever. 
 
HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 ON SETONING, 
 
 The utility of setoning is to create excitement 
 and unload the overloaded vessels in neighboring 
 inflamed parts. The mode of inserting a seton, 
 it is commonly made of horse hair platted to- 
 gether, cord or tape alone or leather, it should 
 be tolerable thick and ten or twelve inches in 
 length. Before inserting the seton it should 
 be dipped or saturated with Turpentine, tincture 
 of Cantharides, or Helebore. The seton now 
 prepared ; an assistant is to hold the animal, 
 while the seton needle with the cord affixed to 
 it is plunged into the upper edge of the brisket 
 or dew lap, and brought out again towards its 
 lower edge. The space between the two openings 
 should be from four to eight inches; the seton 
 is to be secured by fastening a small piece of 
 wood, or tying a large knot at either end of the 
 cord; matter will begin to run the second day, 
 and after that the cord should be drawn back- 
 wards and forwards two or three times a day, 
 in order to irritate the parts, by this means in- 
 crease the discharf>:e. Where a considerable ef- 
 
HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 feet is intended to be produced, tlie black bel- 
 ebore is the best, this will very quickly cause 
 considerable swelling, as well as a discbarge. 
 
 COLDS AND COUGHS. 
 
 Colds or Cougbs are frequently mucb neglect- 
 ed, and very mucb injures the animal, let tbis 
 bint suffice, as soon as you perceive tlie animal, 
 to bave tlie cougb, give a purging- drink. Take 
 epsom salts 1 lb., powdered caraway seeds J oz., 
 dissolve in a qua.rt of warm gruel. After that 
 use the cougb and fever drink until relieved 
 twice a day. 
 
 Cough and fever medicine. — Take emetic tar- 
 tar .1 oz., powdered digitalis J drachm, saltpetre 
 3 drachms, mix and give in a quart of gruel ; 
 bouse the beast fand keep it comortable, espe- 
 cially at night, do not expose to cold and wet 
 weather. 
 
 If the above should not give relief: Take 
 emetic tartar half drachm, nitre two drachms, 
 powdered gentian root one drachm, powdered 
 chamomile flowers one drachm and powder gin- 
 
TO HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 ger half clraclim. Pour upon them a pint of 
 boiling ale, and give the infusion, when nearly 
 cold ; give until relieved. Should not this en- 
 tirely relieve — take liquorice root 2 oz; bruise 
 and boil in a quart of water, until the fluid is 
 reduced to a pint, then add two drachms pow- 
 dered squills, honey 2 ounces; add to the above 
 and give as directed in the above. 
 
 TH] 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 Inflammation of the Lungs is caused by per- 
 spiration, sudden and great changes of the 
 weather, especially when accompained with wet 
 and damp air at night, and particularly when 
 driving a long journey. , • 
 
 Symptoms are dullness, shivering cough, 
 particularly soar, the ear, roots of the horns 
 and legs are generaly cold ; the breath and 
 mouth is hot, the mouth generally open, and 
 there is a ropy discharge from it; the beast will 
 often lie down and can scarcely be induced to 
 move, the flanks heave, the head is protruded, 
 showing great difficulty in breathing. 
 
HORNED CATTLE. 11 
 
 Eemedy: — Copious bleediDg is tlie first and 
 great important remedy ; "bleed until the beast 
 trembles, if you do not, you will loose your 
 beast ; next, place in your seton in the dewlap, 
 fire the sides and blister, then follow with the 
 Fever medicine. Emetic tartar 1 drachm, dig- 
 italis J drachm, nitre J drachms ; continue un- 
 til relieved twice a day. 
 
 DEEANGEMENT OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 When the milch Cow is attacked, there is a 
 diminution of the milk, and it has a ropy ap- 
 pearance and a saltish taste after being separa- 
 ted from the cream. The animal has a heavy 
 appearance; the eyes being dull, with a stiffened 
 staggering gait; the appetite is impaired, the 
 nostrils and skin is of a yellow color, the bowels 
 are generally costive, by pressing on the edge of 
 the short ribs on the right side, the animal will 
 shrink, indi<3ating pain and tenderness. Rem- 
 edy. — If any fever bleed, then follow with one 
 or two drachms of calomel, 1 scrujole of Opium, 
 2 drachms of ginger, give in gruel a few hours 
 
12 HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 afterwards. Give 12 ounces epsom salir and 
 half pint Linseed oil ; the calomel and opium 
 may be repeated twice a day^ and the purgative 
 also^ until the bowels are sufficiently operated 
 upon; the sides may also be blistered, and seton 
 may also be in-serted. If the animal should be 
 left weak, use the following tonic drink: — Gen- 
 tian root powder J oz., ginger 1 drachm, ejDsom 
 salts 2 oz., mix the whole with a jjint of warm 
 water gruel, and give it morning and night. 
 
 IMFLAMMATION OF THE BEAIN. 
 
 Causes: — It proceeds most commonly from re- 
 dundancy of blood, or overflowing of the blood, 
 by means of hastening the fattening too rapidly, 
 or by turning in a rich pasture. 
 
 Symptoms: — In the early period of it, the beast 
 is dull and stupid, he stands with his head pro- 
 truding, or pressed against something for support, 
 he refuses to eat, is unconscious of the surround- 
 ing objects, now and then suddenly drops as if 
 he were shot, he starts up all at once, is fearless 
 of any surrounding object, his. eyes will become 
 
HOKNED CATTLE. 13 
 
 red starting from their sockets, will stagger 
 aboutj falling and rising again and run against 
 everything in his way, he will stamp, tear up 
 the ground with its horns, run at every one 
 within its reach, bellowing until nature is quite 
 exhausted; trembling will then come over him, 
 he will grind his teeth and saliva will, pour from 
 his mouth, every limb will be convulsed and he 
 will presently fall and die. 
 
 Remedy: — The chief or only cure is bleeding, 
 let the blood flow rapidly unti^he falls from the 
 loss of blood. Setons should be placed on each 
 side of the poll, and blistered on the forehead, 
 then follow with heavy doses of physic, when 
 relieved feed cautiously for a few weeks. 
 
 STAGGERS or SWIMMING m THE HEAD. 
 
 Cause: — Starvation during the winter season, 
 and being admitted into too fertile a pasture in 
 the Spring, producing a redundancy of blood, 
 whicli gives rise to the disease. 
 
 Symptoms: — Are heaviness, dullness, disposi- 
 tion to sleep, resting his head upon any conve- 
 
14 IIuRNED CATTLE. 
 
 nient place, reals and. staggers wlien lie attempts 
 to walk. 
 
 If this disease is not checked by bleeding, or 
 purging, or proper management, it may termi- 
 nate in inflammation of the brain or fever. 
 
 Remedy: — This must be remedied by bleed- 
 ing, purging and giving the fever medicine — 
 after purging, give emetic tartar one drachm, 
 digitalis I drachm, nitre J drachms twice a day 
 until relieved, feed cautiously. 
 
 INFLAMMATION 
 OF TPIE BOWELS WITH COSTIVKNESS. 
 
 Inflammation of the bowels is by no means 
 an uncommon disease among neat cattle, very 
 often proves fatal. It is easily recognized by 
 the peculiar symptoms. 
 
 Cause: — This disease mostly arises from ex- 
 posure to cold, and especially when cattle go in- 
 to rivers or ponds, after being heated and fa- 
 tigued, chilling the blood. It is sometimes 
 produced by too much dry or stimulating food. 
 
 Sy^iPTOMs: — The animal is continually lying 
 
IIOilXED CATTLE. 15 
 
 pown, getting up again, strikes at his belly 
 with his hind feet. The bowels obstinately 
 constipated ; dungs in small quantities, hard, 
 covered with mucus at times, streaked with 
 blood — the urine is generally voided with diffi- 
 culty and heaving at the flanks, accompanied 
 with fever, becomes fearfully weak and staggers 
 as he walks, he leaves his company, hides him- 
 self under hedges, &c. Becomes deaf, he trem- 
 bles all over, his skin is hot, back and loins ten- 
 der, ears and horns hot, indicating the highest 
 degree of general fever. 
 
 . Eemedy: — The first thing to be done and that 
 which admits of no delay, is to bfeed profusely. 
 Next, purge freely; continue the purging medi- 
 cines until the bowels are freely opened, then les- 
 sen the doses so as to keep the bowels open. In 
 severe cases you must give injections until the 
 medicines operate freely. This is a very dan- 
 gerous disease and the course pursued must be 
 decisive, or the beast is lost ! The only hope 
 you have after bleeding, is in physicing; you 
 should by all means clyster largely and in great 
 quantities, the epsom salts and castor oil will 
 do no harm; thin gruel is very good! Let these 
 hints suffice. 
 
16 nORNED CATTLE. 
 
 DIARRHEA OR PURGINa. 
 
 Diarrhea or Purging: — In the first place in- 
 dicates some disordered state of the bowels, or 
 the presence of some oifending matter in them, 
 and he will endeavor to remedy this ; not by 
 attempting to arrest the discharge too speedily! 
 First, give a mikl physic, then follow with the 
 astringent. 
 
 Remedy: — Take a strong decoction, vvdiite oak 
 bark 3 ounces, laudanum IJ oz., golden tincture 
 1 oz. Give it in thin gruel until relieved. 
 
 Dysentery, Slimy ,Flux, or scouring rot is 
 treated the same wa/. The symptoms of this 
 are considerable tenderness on the spine a little 
 beyond the shoulders, the dewlap hangs down, 
 and has a flabby appearance ; the dung runs off 
 with a putrid and offensive smell, and as it falls 
 upon the ground, rises up in bubbles, the hair 
 appears pen feathered or starring; the eyes are 
 generally inflamed, with heaving of the flanks, 
 joainful twitching of the belly, severe straining, 
 griping, &c. This disease treated the same as 
 Diarrhea. 
 
HORXED CATTLE. IT 
 
 Red Water. — This disease consists of a dis- 
 charge of high colored urine, occasionally tinged 
 with a bloody appearance, it is an affection of 
 the kidneys; in some cases the discharge cha,nges 
 to a dark red, or blackish color. AVhen the 
 kidneys are effected, the beast evinces tenderness 
 on pressing the loins. 
 
 Remedy: — Take oil of juniper ^ oz., laudanum 
 1 oz., oil turpentine 1 oz., mix and give in a 
 pint linseed tea, once or twice a day until re- 
 lieved. The oil of juniper may be increased or 
 diminished as the case may require it. 
 
 GARGET, DOWNFALL IN THE UDDER, 
 OR INFLAMED BAG. 
 
 This is a disease of the utmost consequence to 
 the owners of Cattle; young Cows in higli con- 
 dition are most liable to it, especially at the time 
 of calving. This disease makes its appearance 
 in one or more quarters of the bag, which be- 
 comes swollen, hard, hotter than usual and pain- 
 ful when pressed. The milk is lessened and 
 mingled with blood, pus and corruption, at 
 
18 IIORXED CATTLE. 
 
 times tlie flow of milk is totally stopped and 
 sometimes tlie inflammation extends to the hip 
 joint, hock and foot lock. 
 
 Eemedy: — It \YilL he necessary as soon as the 
 do-wnfall is discovered^ and especially in an ag-. 
 gravated case, to hring the animal out of the 
 pasture and if deemed necessary, take from three 
 to five quarts of hlood according to the size or 
 strength, next give her a purging drink and 
 bathe the udder well with elder ointment, or use 
 mercurial garget ointment, which is made hy 
 taking soft Soap 1 Ih. Mercurial Ointment 2 
 ounces, camphor rubbed down with a little spir- 
 its of wine 1 ounce, rub them well together. 
 Should there be any fever, give a few doses of 
 fever medicine; this is a disease of great impor- 
 tance, as many Cows arc ruined or lost purely 
 from neglect: The ,milk must be taken from 
 the Cow perfectly clean, and this should be done 
 several times during the day; and the Cow must 
 be fed scantily and with no stimulating food, 
 
 The teats sometimes get very sore, this is easily 
 remedied by using the ointment for sore teats. 
 Take elder ointment 6 ounces. Bees wax 2 
 ounces, Sugar of lead 1 ounce, Alum 1 ounce in 
 
HORNED CATTLE. 19 
 
 fine powder, mix them well together, whilst 
 cooling bathe the teats freely. 
 
 TREATMENT OF THE COW, BEFORE 
 
 AND DURING CALYING. ^ 
 
 It is an old and true saying, and the truth of 
 it is nowhere more evident than in treatment of 
 the Milch Cow ; that the prevention of an evil 
 is hotter than the cure. The Cow should he 
 dried si-x or eight weeks before calving, for two 
 reasons : First, the strength and constitution 
 of the Cow reo^ulre a little respite. Second, the 
 mixture of the old milk and the new secretions, 
 that nature prepares for the expected calf Dur- 
 ing the early period of gestation, the animal 
 may and should be tolerably well fed, for she 
 has to provide milk for the Dairy, and nourish- 
 ment for the foetus. But when she is dried, 
 her food should be considerably diminished: — 
 She should not be too fat, or full of blood at the 
 time of calving, for that is the frequent cause of 
 dif^cult, labor^ garget fever and death. 
 
 There are few things in which the Farmer 
 
20 HORNED CATTI-E. 
 
 errs, more than in this: There is also an error 
 in starving her before she calves, hut, is much 
 more danger in bringing her into too high con- 
 dition. Some Cows are apt to slink their calves 
 before their time; this generally hajDpens about 
 the middle of their pregnancy. She becomes 
 feverish of her food, wandering in search of 
 something which she seems to be longing for. 
 She should be immediately removed from the 
 other cows, bled and physiced ; the best thing 
 to be done is to fatten her for the butcher^ for 
 she will be very certain to do the same again. 
 When the ninth month is nearly expired, she 
 should be looked after; if in high condition, she 
 should be physiced, and if necessary, bled, and 
 if she is about to calve, she should be separated 
 from the other cows, or brought into the cow- 
 house, and suffered to remain quiet, and undis- 
 turbed. But should she not be successful in 
 calving Vv^ithin a reasonable time, she should 
 have assistance. 
 
 Symptoms. — Are uneasiness, slight lifting of 
 the tail, lying down and getting up. The still 
 earlier symptoms are enlargement of the udder, 
 and redness of the space between the shape and 
 the udder. 
 
HOENED CATTLE. 21 
 
 TreaTxMent: — When tlie labor has actually 
 commenced^ the membranes will more and more 
 protrude until they break, and the fluid by which 
 the calf was surrounded will escape. If her pains 
 are strong, she should not be meddled with" for a 
 few hours. And if no portion of the Calf pre- 
 sents itself, the hand well greased should be in- 
 troduced, in order to ascertain the situation, and 
 position of the calf The natural position is witTi 
 the fore feet presenting, and the muzzel lying 
 upon the fore leg. If this is found to be the case 
 and it has advanced into the passage^, sometime 
 longer should be allowed to see what nature will 
 do. However, as soon as you perceive the throes 
 to begin to weaken, if no progress has been 
 made, manual assistance must be rendered. 
 
 Here there are two objects to be accomplished; 
 the saving of the lives of both the mother and 
 the young one; all should be done gently. 
 
 THE MODE OF ASSISTANCE. 
 The hand should be well greased, then intro- 
 
22 IIOnXED CATTLE. 
 
 duccd, find the fore-legs of the calf laid hold of 
 and drawn down^ drawing gently at the mo- 
 ment of the mother's throes. Care should be 
 taken that the head is accompanying them. The 
 hand will sometimes be sufficient for this pur- 
 pose. If the head cannot be moved by the hand, 
 a cord must be procured with a slip knot at the 
 end, which is to be moved carefully into the pas- 
 sage, and the mouth of the young animal being 
 opened, fastened round his lower jaw, the end 
 of this must be given to an assistant, who should 
 pull gently but firmly at the moment of the 
 throes, while the operator draws out the feet. 
 Should not this succeed, take two other cords 
 or rope, and fasten one around each leg — two 
 assistants should pull at the feet-and anotlier at 
 the head; while one ascertains the progress that 
 is made^too much force should not be used, as 
 the calf may yet be saved. Eemember the nat- 
 ural position of the calf, is the presenting of the 
 muzzel lying upon the fore-legs. The most 
 usual false position, is the presentation of the 
 head, while the feet of the calf are doubled down 
 under his belly. A cord must be passed as be- 
 fore, around the lower jaw, which is then to be 
 
HORNED CATTLE. 23 
 
 puslied back into tlie womb. The operator now 
 introduces his hand and feels the situation of 
 the feet, tlien fix a cord around each j)astern, or 
 about the knee, and bring them into the pas- 
 sage. The head is next to be brought forward 
 again by means of the cord; the cords being 
 now pulled steadily together, it will generally 
 be extracted. Should the calf be dead, and 
 much swollen, the head may then be opened by 
 means of a knife, so as to lessen the bulk. 
 When the feet presexit and the head is doubled 
 under the rim of the passage. The cords should 
 be placed round the feet, the hand passed into 
 the womb, and the cord looped round the lower 
 jaw. The calf pushed farther back into the 
 womb, the head brought into the passage and 
 the three ropes pulled together. The delivery 
 effected as quickly as may be without the exer- 
 tion of more force than is necessary. 
 
 The last false presentation is the breach — 
 the tail appearing at the mouth of the shape. 
 The hand is to be passed into the uterus, fasten 
 the cords around each hock. The calf is then 
 pushed as far back as possible into the womb, 
 and the hocks are after brought into the pas- 
 
24 IIOilNDD CATILl:.. 
 
 sage, the head placed in the proper position, 
 and the ropes changed if necessary, and all 
 three cords drawn gently, until the calf is ex- 
 tracted; considerable force is sometimes needed, 
 but should all be done gently, with an increase 
 of drawing, until the job is completed. By 
 studying these cases, the operator wdll be able 
 to accomplish his object. In all cases of false 
 presentations, although great force must some- 
 times be used. 
 
 The uterus, or calf bed is sometimes protrud- 
 ed and inverted. The case is not desperate. 
 The part must be cleansed from blood and dirt, 
 and supported by a sheet, then the operator be- 
 ginning at the very bottom of the womb, re- 
 turning gradually, and with great care, and 
 patience. The animal should be bled before 
 this is attempted, and the application of cold wa- 
 ter should be used for some time; this will con- 
 tract the womb, and render its return more easy. 
 A stick or couple should be passed through the 
 lips of the shape; in order to prevent its return, 
 and give the following medicines a feAv times : 
 Take laudanum 1 oz., sweet spirits of nitre 2 oz., 
 give in a pint of warm gruel. The protrusion 
 
UOIIXEI) CATTLE. '2o 
 
 or invertion of the gut, sliould be returned the 
 same as in the womb, and a few sticks placed 
 through the shape. 
 
 The Cow should in all. cases be suffered to 
 lick or clean the calf, as nature has designed it. 
 The cow and calf will be much happier if suffered 
 to remain together for several hours, having 
 free access to each other. The mother should 
 not be exposed to severe weather, immediately 
 after calving. Should have a few warm mashes. 
 
 THE MILK FEVEK. 
 
 This is a disease which is prevalent amongst 
 Cows in high condition. 
 
 Symptoms: — Staggering gait, br-eathing irreg- 
 ular, eves full and glassy, the animal reels, is 
 unconscious, the head turned on one side, the 
 feeling partially lost, the legs sometimes becomes 
 paralyzed. 
 
 Remedy: — Take epsom salts 12 ounces, fiour 
 sulphur 4 ounces, ginger \ oz. spirits of nitrous 
 ether 1 oz., dissolve in warm water — give one 
 half of this twice a day, until the bowels are 
 opened, continue until relieved. 
 
./ 
 
 26 HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE EYE. 
 
 Diseases of tlie^ eye are generally inflamma- 
 tions, and caused by a bruise or blow inflicted 
 carelessly. 
 
 Eemedt: — First batlie tlie eye well witli cold 
 water several times, say some ten or fifteen min- 
 utes at a time; Then use the following lotion. 
 Take 40 grains sulphate of zinc^ dissolve in J 
 pint soft warm water, and bathe the eyes until 
 completely relieved. 
 
 THE HOOYE or BLOWEN from PASTtJRE. 
 
 Causes: — The cause of Cattle becoming bloted, 
 is from being turned into the pasture in the 
 spring of the year, whilst the pasture is young 
 and full of sap^ the ox or cow eats greedily and 
 rapidly, so much so that the stomach is unable 
 to propel forward, the portions of food as it 
 is received, and becomes overloaded and clog- 
 ged, the food remaining in the stomach too long. 
 Then comes the great danger; what you can do 
 must be done at once, or not at all. The symp- 
 
liORNEl) CATILE. 27 
 
 toms are plain enougli, tlie beast swells to an 
 enormous extent, the breathing is very laborious, 
 and the beast is threatened with su£&Gation froai 
 the pressure of the stomach on the lungs. Thy 
 animal is lost unless relief is soon obtained. 
 
 Kemedy: — Belief is sometimes obtained from 
 motion and running the beast moderatel}''; some-- 
 times from placing tar, or a tar band into the 
 mouth; sometimes from taking salt and black 
 pepper and throwing it down the throat; somo 
 persons have run a lancet, or pocket knife, into 
 the animal, at the spot passing through the skin, 
 and^ the wall of the belly, so as to enter the 
 paunch; this should be done midway between 
 the last rib and the haunch bone. Another ex- 
 celent remedy is J oz. Cloride of Lime, put into 
 a pint or quart of warm water, and put into tho 
 stomach, these generally give immediate relief 
 There are other remedies, which generally give 
 relief; such as Lime water — also IJ ounces of 
 Hartshorn may be given, with 1^ pints of water, 
 or 1 ounce Sulphuric Ether in 1 pint of water. 
 The following is plain and simple, and gives re- 
 lief in a]most every case. This has been used 
 extensively, and always given satisfaction. 
 
^8 HOP. NED CATTLE. 
 
 Keceipt: — Take two tablespoonsful Eappee 
 Snuff, 1 gill Vinegar, 1 gill Sweet Milk. Mix 
 well and give as a-drencli. This lias Leen 
 thoroughly tried and relieved nineteen cases 
 out of twenty; it is simple and worthy of atten- 
 tion. No time should be lost in this disease ; 
 what you can do must be done at once, or not 
 at all. 
 
 Preventatives: — Every Farmer should adopt 
 the rule, to feed his cattle the following : 
 
 Every morning, take 1 ^Dint air slacked lime, 
 1 pint ground alum salt — mix well and feed 
 with offall. Every particle of the lime should 
 be slacked. Adopt this rule and you will have 
 little or no trouble with your cattle. Dose from 
 1 to 2 table-spoonsful every morningj in offall 
 before turning into pasture. Another prevent- 
 ative: — Take ashes, air slacked lime, and ground 
 alum salt, equal portions, and feed every morn- 
 ing, or if 3^ou have not the lime, the salt and 
 ashes will do well. , 
 
 CHOKING. 
 
 Cattle are extremely liable to become choked 
 on turnips, roots, apples, potatoes. 
 
nOENED OAlTLE. 29 
 
 Eemedy: — Give | pint of oil, wliich will lub- 
 ricate the passage, then run gag, or tube, or rod^ 
 with a knob at the end, down the throat ; this 
 should be done carefully, so as not to injure the 
 parts. Should you not give relief by this means, 
 find the position, or place where the apple, or 
 turnip has loilged. This may be done by pres- 
 sing carefully along down the throat ; place a 
 block on the one side of the object, then strike 
 a right smart blow with a mallet, or billet of 
 wood, sufficient to crush the' apple or object to 
 pieces, which will instantly blowen out, and the 
 animal relieved. 
 
 POISONS. 
 
 Little can be done in this, unless you have a 
 pump, so as to extract 'the poison from the 
 stomach, then follow with physics. 
 
 EMBROCATION FOR BITE OF VIPER. 
 
 Take hartshorn, spirits camphor, olive oil, 
 equal quantities — mix and rub the wound, and 
 neighboring parts well, morning and night. 
 
30 HORNED CATTLE. 
 
 One pint whiskey, 1 ounce hartshorn, 1 oz. 
 spirits camphor, J pint warm water should be 
 given to the animal. 
 
 WOUNDS. 
 
 The first thing is. to clean the wound from all 
 dirt and gravel. A good fomentation with 
 warm water will efiPect this. If the wound is 
 much lacerated, or punctured, we must bring 
 them neatly together. If any portions so torn 
 as to prevent its from doing this completely, 
 they should be removed with a knife, or sharp 
 scissors; then the edges brought together by 
 means of passing a needle and strong waxed 
 twine deeply through them, making two, three 
 or more stitches, half inch from each other. 
 Then apply the tincture of myrrh and aloes, and 
 bandage tolerably firm, not so much so as to 
 prevent the circulation. If there should bo 
 proud flesh, the wound must be cleansed with a 
 strong solution of blue vitriol, and then dressed 
 with the tincture. All wounds should be first 
 well cleansed, before applying anything on 
 them. 
 
HORNED CATTLE. 31 
 
 ANGLE BERKIES OR WARTS. 
 
 These are little warty tumors^ growing on va- 
 rious parts of the skin, and sometimes on the 
 teats. 
 
 Remedy: — The easiest and shortest way to re- 
 move them, is to tie a piece of waxed silk firmly 
 around the base of each, and to tighten them 
 every day; hy means of this, the tumor vrill drop 
 off, and will rarely grow again. To make it cer- 
 tain," the parts should he touched with a hot iron 
 or lunar caustic; the warts should he well scarred^ 
 and they w^ill never appear again. 
 
 THE FOUL IN THE FOOT. 
 
 The first thing is to examine the wound care- 
 fully, and see how far it extends under the hoof 
 or horn. The first step is to clean all the foul 
 or proiid flesh, hy means of a knife, then apply 
 lunar caustic, or muriatic acid, until the wound 
 becomes healthy and dry. In extreme cases 
 where there is swelling, apply a poultice night 
 and morning, then apply the caustic, and keep 
 
61 HOllXED CATTLT^. 
 
 dry and from all danger of getting dirt and 
 gravel in. When the wound begins to look 
 healthy, apply the tincture of Aloes and Myrrh, 
 until perfectly relieved, and give a gentle pur- 
 gative. 
 
 TO DRY A COW OF HER MILK. 
 
 The be«t time to dry cows is whilst feeding 
 dry feed. A good dose of physic and after it has 
 operated, foUow with an astringent drink, will 
 generally settle the business. Six drachms of 
 alum dissolved in 1 pint water, is a dose. The 
 cow should be milked clean when the astrin- 
 gent is given; feed on dry food for a few days. 
 Should the udder get very hard in a few days, 
 milk clean and give another astringent drink, 
 and the third may be given if necessary. 
 
 THE MANGE. 
 
 This is a troublesome disease among cattle, 
 at times the itching torments the beast wonder- 
 fully; causing the cow to fall off in her milk, 
 
HORNED CATTLE. -33 
 
 and generally gets thin in flesh, if suffered to 
 remain any length of time. The most effectual 
 application is an ointment, which, sulphur is 
 the principal ingredient. 
 
 Maxge Oixtmext: — Take flour of sulphur 1 
 lb., strong mercurial ointment 2 ounces, common 
 turpentine | pint,* lard H lb. Melt the turpen- 
 tine and Jard together well; stir in the sulphur 
 when it begins to cool — when cool, rub the 
 mercurial ointment on a marble slab, with the 
 other ingredients, mix these together. This 
 should be. well rubbed in with the hand daily, 
 wherever there is mange. If in the winter, the 
 animal should not be exposed to severe cold. 
 Give a few doses of physic, with sulphur added 
 to it. Warbles gad fly or ose fly, is quite an 
 annnoyance to the animal. The fly generally 
 alights on the back, deposits the eg^ under the 
 skin, causing a tumour to rise the size of an ha- 
 zel nut, some larger — it soon bursts, leaving a 
 hole on the top, for the grub or worm, whicli 
 noAv lives and feeds on the fatty matter. 
 
 Remedy: — Squeeze out the worm or grub, by 
 pressing firmly, if this cannot be accomplished^ 
 open it with a lancet or knife, and put in a few 
 
34 HORNED CATTI.E. 
 
 drops spirits turpentine, a few times wliicli will 
 destroy the grub. 
 
 BABIES OB HYDROPHOBIA. 
 
 This is a dreadful Disease, produced by the 
 bite of a rabid or mad dog. The symptoms o^ 
 its approach are dullness, loss of appetite, the 
 eyes protuding and red; is continually voiding 
 urine or dunging, saliva drivels from his mouth: 
 presently weakness of the loins, and staggering 
 appear; sometimes they linger six or seven days, 
 and die. There is no cure. 
 
 Remedy: — Destroy the animal as soon as pos- 
 sible. Care should be taken that the saliva is 
 not received on a wound; any wound which it 
 has fallen on, should be immediately well burn- 
 ed with lunar caustic. Should you see the rabid 
 dog bite your animal, and find the spot, imme- 
 diately burn the wound well with the lunar 
 caustic, their is a possibility of their escape. 
 The hair should be clipped of, and every scratch 
 carfully touched with the caustic. 
 
noEXED cArrLE. 35 
 
 FOR YOUNQ CALVES. 
 
 Should the mother's milk not he sufficient 
 to operate upon the howels, or not at all, give 1 
 or 2 ounces Epsom salts, according to the size: 
 dissolve in ^ pint gruel, add a little ginger, and 
 a few drops peppermint, or as you may give 
 Castor oil; if it should he an ohstinate case, give 
 an injection, or two of salts dissolved in water, 
 and a little castor oil, this will set all right. 
 
 COW POWDERS. 
 
 This is an excelent powder for general de- 
 rangements of the System. Such as falling off 
 of the milk, dullness, stupidness, stairing of 
 the hair, &c. 
 
 This powder is truly astonishing in its effects 
 on cattle, giving new life and vigor to the ani- 
 mal. No owner of cattle should do without 
 this powder^ and should adopt the rule to feed 
 all his cattle, some of the powder, once or twice 
 a year, and especially hefore commencing to 
 
36 HORXED CATTLE. 
 
 fatten them. This powder is equally as good 
 for Sheep. Take 
 
 ^ pound gentian root, 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 flour of brimsto 
 
 i 
 
 (C 
 
 fenugreek, 
 
 i 
 
 (C 
 
 rosin, 
 
 i 
 
 u 
 
 copperas, 
 
 i 
 
 u 
 
 cream of tartar, 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 epsom salts, 
 
 i 
 
 u 
 
 juniper berries. 
 
 h 
 
 (C 
 
 spice berries. 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 salts nitre. 
 
 i 
 
 cc 
 
 ginger, 
 
 i 
 
 cc 
 
 caraway seed,. 
 
 i 
 
 a 
 
 aniseed, 
 
 2 
 
 oz. 
 
 antimony. 
 
 2 
 
 oz. 
 
 columbo, 
 
 1 
 
 oz. 
 
 gum assafoetida. 
 
 2 
 
 oz. 
 
 alum, 
 
 Pulverize these articles fine and mix well, 
 and it is ready for use. Any of the above articles 
 can be had at any Drug Store. 
 
 DiRECTioxs FOR Use: — Dose for a full grown 
 animal, one table-spoonful once or twice a day, 
 as the case may require.. 
 
HORNED CATTLE, 37 
 
 This powder cannot be excelled, it is an excel- 
 lent medicine for all derangements of the sj^s- 
 tem, it is perfectly harmless, and should be fed 
 sometime in all chronic and lingering diseases? 
 or at least until entirely relieved, and the sj^s- 
 tem put in perfect health. No animal can thrive 
 unless in health. Therefore every farmer should 
 adopt the rule to feed all his stock, and espe- 
 cially those which he wishes to fatten with some 
 of these powders; by so doing you will save feed 
 and time. In fattening, feed on offal. 
 
 DiRECTroNs: — For a full grown sheep, dose, 1 
 tea-spoonfull once or twice a day, as the neces- 
 sity of the case may require. Feed on offal. 
 
 .i^ 
 
INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 DISEASES OF HORSES. 
 
 Bots or Grubs ". Page. 25 26 
 
 Brood Mares ;•••• 57 
 
 Chest Founder 39 
 
 Chronic Cough 45 
 
 Ears :. 30 
 
 Enlargement of the Hock 48 
 
 Epidemics 44 
 
 Eyes 29 
 
 Flatulent Colic 9 10 11 
 
 Founder Acute 52 53 54 
 
 Grease 50 51 
 
 Inflammation 40 41 42 
 
 . Bladder 15 16 
 
 Bowels » 22 23 24 
 
 Feet 52 53 54 
 
 Kidneys IT 
 
 Larnyx 43 44 
 
 Lungs ; 18 19 20 21 
 
 Injfiry of the Eyes 34 
 
 Lampass 35 
 
 Membranes of the Nose 27 28 
 
 Physicing * 47 
 
 Poll Evil 5 6 7 ^8 
 
 Process of Teething ". 36 37 38 
 
 Rabies or Madness 33 
 
 Restiveness or taming Horses 55 56 
 
 Spasmodic Colic 12 13 14 
 
 Sprain of Back Sinews 48 
 
 of Coffin Joint 49 
 
 Staggers ^ 31 32 
 
 Thick or Broken Wind i 46 
 
 Warts 58 
 
INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 EECEIPTS BELONGING TO THE HOKSE. 
 
 A Good Horse Powder 68 
 
 Arabian Oil for Horses 61 
 
 Blistering 69 
 
 Ointment Tl 
 
 Celebrated Horse Powders.-. 60 61 
 
 Cooling lotion for inflammation -. *74 
 
 Cure for Ring Bone "71 
 
 Blood or Bog Spavin 68 
 
 Black Tongue 63 
 
 Bots 62 90 
 
 Distemper 66 
 
 Galds on Horses 61 
 
 Sweaney 74 *?5 IS 
 
 Urine Bound ^ 65 
 
 Embrocation for the Throat 67 
 
 For the Blacksmith 89 
 
 Hoof Ointment 66 
 
 How to throw a Horse 11 IS Id 80 
 
 to break a kicking Horse 85 86 87 '83 
 
 to make a Horse follow you 91 
 
 to learn him to stand still 92 
 
 Infallible Lotion for Bruits, &c 63 
 
 Liniment for Sprains 73 
 
 Lotion for Scratches or Grease 64 
 
 Quiet or Tame Horses 64 
 
 Rules for a Horse that Shies 81 82 83 84 
 
 Spirits of Pimento 72 
 
 Tincture, Aloes and Myrrh 70 
 
 • Iodine 73 
 
 Opium ; 70 
 
 To make Elder Ointment .*. 67 
 
 Treatment of Founder... 65 
 
INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 Alcohol 94 
 
 Aloes 95 
 
 Alum , 96 
 
 Antimonj .^ 93 
 
 Acqua-Fortis tT. 94 
 
 Balls or Pills 98 
 
 Cantharides 97 
 
 Charcoal 9T 
 
 Chloride of Lime 107 
 
 Clysters , 99 
 
 Common Salt 106 
 
 Digitalis 100 
 
 Drinks and Drenches 104 
 
 Fomentations 102 
 
 Gentian 102 
 
 Ginger 101 
 
 . Root 107 
 
 Liniments 105 
 
 Linseed .% 99 
 
 Mashes 101 
 
 Muriatic Acid • 96 
 
 Mustard... 96 
 
 Opium 103 
 
 Pitch 100 
 
 Poultices 103 
 
 Spasmodics 93 
 
 Spirits of Camphor * 93 
 
 Sulphur .'. 105 
 
 Sulphuric Acid 95 
 
 Tar .^7. 104 
 
 Turpentine 106 
 
 Thompson's No. 6 '. 108 
 
 Vinegar 94 
 
 Zino ar Calamine Powder 108 
 
INDEX 
 
 TO 
 
 DOMESTIC MEDICINES. 
 
 American Helebore 112 
 
 Columbo 118 
 
 Gentuary 121 
 
 Black Alder 119 
 
 Blood or Percoon Root 122 
 
 Boneset or Thoroiaghwort 123 
 
 Bitter Root or Silkweed 124 
 
 Boiled Cider 166 
 
 Black Ink lU 112 
 
 Black or Dewberry Wine 169 
 
 Black or Dewberry Cordial' 168 
 
 Compost to prevent Crows from Corn 204 
 
 Clay Poultice for Man or Horse 200 
 
 Cure for bite of Mad Dog 200 
 
 for Bite of Snake 200 
 
 for Bronchitis 196 
 
 for Cancer 164 
 
 for Felon. 195 
 
 Cox's Hive Syrup 18T 
 
 Cologne Water 178 
 
 Cherry Brandy 167 
 
 Consumer 129 
 
 Compound Tincture of Gentian 116 
 
 Cement for Grafting 115 
 
 Cement to Mend Glass Ill 
 
 Dandelkie 121 
 
 Dr. Wickeys' Cholera Medicine 148 149 150 151 
 
 Domestic tonic 201 
 
 Domestic Yeast , 204 
 
 Dr. Young's Pills 186 
 
 Domestic Cough Syrup 189 
 
 Essence ef Cinnamon .'. 194 
 
11 DOMESTIC xMEDICIXES. 
 
 Eje Water 194 
 
 Essence of Peppermint : 193 
 
 Essence of Lemon 193 
 
 Extempore Gaseous Chalybeate Water 125 
 
 Emetic for Poison 113 
 
 French Patent Oil Varnish 187 
 
 Furniture Polish 192 
 
 Gas Beer 169 
 
 GrcAt Salve for Wounds, &c 190 
 
 Grease for Carriages, &c 197 
 
 Guaiacum, Amoniated Tincture 115 
 
 Gentian 126 
 
 Green Ointment 201 
 
 Health, Its Value &c 138 to 142 
 
 How to Prolong Life 143 to 146 
 
 How to Keep Apples 203 
 
 How to destroy Lice on Chickens 205 
 
 Indian Turnip 113 
 
 Indellible Ink 171 
 
 Judkins' Ointment 162 
 
 Keep Cider sweet 165 
 
 Liquid Opodeldoc 147 
 
 Lunar Caustic Ill 
 
 Make Honey without Bees,. 161 
 
 Make Soft Soap 191 
 
 Ointment for Scrofulus Ulcers 201 
 
 , Milch Scald 116 
 
 Piles , 164 
 
 Prof. Biddle's Celebrated Preparation 174 175 
 
 Preserve Butter 180 
 
 Pickel Cucumbers 181 
 
 Preserve Peaches 182 
 
 Preserve Plumbs 182 
 
 Pleurisy Root 125 
 
 Pickling Pears 130 
 
 Preservation of the Health 131 to 137 
 
 Patent Black Japan 191 
 
 Plague Blister 198 
 
 Remedies for Rheumatism 152 to 160 
 
 Receipt for Humoj;^ on Children 199 
 
 Receipt for Hogs 197 
 
DOMESTIC MEDICINES. Ill 
 
 Rattlewced Root 121 
 
 Remedy for Bite of a Snake 163 
 
 Red Ink Ill 
 
 Restore the Hair in Baldness 1*76 
 
 Remedy for Itch 185 186 
 
 Soap to Take Grease out of Cloth, &c 183 184 
 
 Soft Ginger Bread ; 181' 
 
 Silver Top Drink r. 170 
 
 Simple Syrup of Rhubarb IIT 
 
 Tincture of Rhubarb 117 
 
 Seneca Snake Root 114 
 
 Soda Powders 190 
 
 Transplantino; Trees , 200 
 
 Tincture of Peach Kernels 202 
 
 The Prickley Ash 120 
 
 Toothache Balsam 177 
 
 Drops , 179 
 
 Tooth Powder ,. 177 
 
 Transparent Soap 173 
 
 White Swellincr 165 
 
 Washintr Fluid , 172 
 
 Worth knowing ,...,, 205