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 ^e^// Gy..::^y^yi^z,j. 
 
 W, U. MILL & SUN 
 
 BOOKSH1.1.KBS. 
 rrtt CHARINOCltOSS Ko, 
 
TUFTS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
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 4 532 275 
 
 Webster Family Library of Vsterinary Medicine 
 Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at 
 Tufts University 
 200 Westboro Road 
 
Charts of the 
 Diseases of the Rorse 
 
a^ 
 
CHARTS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 DISEASES OF THE HORSE 
 
 With Explanatory Notes and Prescriptions 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES GRESSWELL, M.R.C.V.S., 
 
 Member of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 
 
 Consulting Veterinary Surgeon to the National Live Stock Association of America, 
 
 Late State Vetciinarian of Colorado, USA., 1S93-IS90, 
 
 Late Deputy-Examiner for the Diploma of The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons of Great Biitain, 
 
 Joint Author of "The Veterinary Pharmacopteia" and other treatises 
 
 REVISED BY 
 GEORGE GRES5WELL, M.A., L.R.C.P. and S.E., L.F.P.S.G. 
 
 Author of Works on ••Pathology and Therapeutics" 
 
 LONDON 
 EVERETT & CO., 42, Essex Street, Strand 
 
 1907 
 
^55 
 
Contents. 
 
 INTRODUCTIO N— 7 to 9 
 
 Chapter I. Explanation of Charts and Additional 
 Hints — 10 to 11 
 
 Chapter II. Diagnosis, or the Determination of 
 THE Seat and Nature of a 
 Disease — 12 to 14 
 
 Chapter III. Administration of Medicines to the 
 Horse — 15 to iG 
 
 Chapter IV. Nursing — 17 to 18 
 
 Chapter V. Surgical Operations — 19 to 21 
 ((!) Blistering and Firing 
 (i) Setoning 
 (i) Suturing Wounds 
 
 (d) The Opening of Abscesses 
 
 (e) Extraction of Tumours 
 {/) Bleeding 
 
 (g) Passing Urethral Catheters 
 
 {It) Trephining 
 
 (i) Tracheotomy 
 
 (y) Use of the Probang for Choking 
 
 (A) Unnerving 
 
 (/) Operation for Fistulous Withers and 
 
 Chapter VI. Use of Malleine for the Detection 
 OF Glanders, and Prevention of 
 Disease — 22 
 
 Chapter VII. Prescriptions, Drugs, Instruments, 
 and Appliances — 23 to 28 
 
 Plates or Charts 
 
 I. Diseases of Brain and Nervous System — 29 
 to 30 
 
 II. Diseases of the Eves — 31 to 32 
 
 III. Diseases of the Mouth — 33 to 34 
 
 IV. Diseases of the Skin — 35 to 36 
 
 V. Diseases of the Digestive Organs — 37 to 40 
 
 VI. Diseases of the Respiratory and Circulatory 
 Systems — 41 to 44 
 
 VII. Specific Infectious Diseases — 45 to 46 
 
 VIII. Diseases of the Urinary and Generative 
 Organs — 47 to 50 
 
 IX Disorders Due to Poisons and Parasites — 51 
 to 52 
 
 Poll-Evil 
 
 X. External Diseases — 53 to 58 
 Index — 59 to 62 
 
Preface, 
 
 The work which follows was written, as the title-page shews, by 
 the late Mr. Charles Gresswell, M.R.C.V.S., and it is now offered to 
 the public for the first time, at the request of the widow, residing 
 at Mill Valley, Marin Co., California, U.S.A., some little distance 
 from San Francisco, the scene of the recent disastrous earthquake. 
 The ciiief point aimed at by tlie author, \\ho wrote most of tiie book 
 at San Francisco, was to produce a practical guide to the treatment of 
 the ordinarily-met-with ailments of the horse. Unfortunately he died 
 at Denver before being able to find time, amid multifarious duties, to 
 carry the work to completion. However, what was requisite has been 
 done, and the work arranged for the Press. Although this posthumous 
 production has, owing to his untimely decease, not been subjected to 
 final revision by the author, whose labour of love it was, it is still w ith 
 pleasure that we are placing it completed before the public, and so 
 fulfilling his purpose. 
 
 George Gresswell. 
 Kelsey House, Louth, Lincolnshire, 
 October i8lh, 1906. 
 
Introduction* 
 
 Many elaborato tronlisos have been written 
 on the diseases of tlie horse, siiilaljie for 
 students of veterinary medicine and surgery, 
 and many otiier excellent works, with less 
 scientific pretensions, have been written for 
 the use of the owner of horses; but they all 
 lack, especially the latter, one important 
 feature — a ready and quick method of 
 diagnosis. 
 
 To the ordinary horseman, witliout any 
 special scientific training, the want of a 
 readv mctJKKl of determining a disease is a 
 great impediment. Wiien his animal is in 
 trouble, he wishes to do the best he can for 
 it at once; but he has no means, in any book 
 hitherto published, of finding readily what 
 he wants, unless he is expert enough to 
 recognise the disease respecting which he 
 wishes information. 
 
 The acute diseases of the horse are rapid in 
 their course. Immediate action is very often 
 imperative, and there is no time to hunt 
 through many pages of a book, in order to 
 discover what should be done. 
 
 The object of this work is to enable the 
 horseman to quickly ascertain the nature of 
 the disease his animal may be suffering from, 
 and to refer at once to the treatment required. 
 
 It is hoped, however, that its possession 
 will not lead anyone to attempt too much. 
 The natural recuperative vitality of all 
 animals as well as man, will, under fav(~>urable 
 conditions, restore the equiiibriimi which 
 slight disturbances remove, without the aid of 
 drugs. Simple remedies will cure a large 
 number of graver derangements. The very 
 serious cases require a high order of ability 
 for proper treatment. The requisite skill is 
 not possessed by ill-trained or semi-educated 
 pretenders to a knowledge of veterinary 
 science. Yet any capable owner or superin- 
 tendent of horses, mav, with this work, be 
 
 enabled to successfully manage all cases of 
 ordinary sickness on an emergency equally 
 as well as anyone save a scientifically 
 equipped pathologist. 
 
 A horse shows distinctly by signs and 
 symptoms where the trouble lies, and while 
 diseases run their course with exceptional 
 rapidity in this animal, still it responds 
 quickly to remedial action. Therefore, it 
 sliould be remembered that while energetic 
 measures are sometimes urgently necessarv, 
 full allowance must be made for the oppor- 
 tunity of action, if due time be given. In 
 stoppage of the bowels (a very frequent disease 
 of the horse), so long as pain is held in check 
 with anodyne medicine, and one good purga- 
 tive dose has safely been administered, 
 reliance should be placed on its successful 
 effect, and the cathartic never repeated in less 
 than twenty-four hours, as is so frequently 
 done by nervous attendants. No ordinary * 
 aperient will art in the horse in a case of 
 stoppage of the bowels in less than sixteen 
 to twenty hours, and many a valuable horse 
 has been lost from superpurgation, by repeat- 
 ing the laxative once, and sometimes even 
 twice, before the first dose has had time to 
 do its work, 
 
 A similar error is made in the re- 
 peated administration of medicines to act on 
 the kidneys. The ordinary quack seems to 
 have a habit of acting on these organs with 
 the most drastic drugs. 
 
 As a matter of fact, disease of the kidneys 
 
 is a comparatively rare malady in the horse, 
 
 and the retention of urine in cases of colic is 
 
 almost always the result of participation bv 
 
 the neck of the bladder, in the prevailing 
 
 cramp or spasm of the muscular coat of the 
 
 • Intravenous injection of sulphate of physostigraine 
 acts powerfully and with great celerity ; but such drugs 
 as this and such methods can only be safely used by the 
 highly-trained surgeon. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 bowels. As soon as llie latter is relieved, 
 the bladder is likewise eased, and the empiric 
 may believe his violent action on the kidneys 
 has caused the relief, whereas, in reality, the 
 temporary stoppage of the urine may have 
 had very little to do with the pain manifested. 
 
 While it is true that an occasional use of 
 mild diuretic medicine is beneficial for highly- 
 fed horses, especially during periods of 
 enforced idleness, yet it is a grave error — one 
 of the worst — to be always dosing an animal 
 witii prowerful drugs to act on the kidneys. 
 Saltpetre or nitre, though beneficial when well 
 used, has, in the hands of the incompetent, 
 ruined many horses. 
 
 A tablespoonful of No. 16 medicine, given 
 occasionally in the food, is all that is necessary 
 to help the kidneys to act well. 
 
 An important point to remember is to stick 
 to one line of treatment, and not become 
 unduly anxious, and change suddenly to any- 
 thing recommended by any friendly adviser. 
 Disease can often be successfully combated 
 by different methods, if they are duly carried 
 out, but rarely by a mixture. The methods 
 advocated are definite, have been well tried 
 during the last fifty years or more, and will, 
 with patience, secure desired results, if not 
 spoilt by the use of additional ill-advised 
 measures. The modes of treatment are 
 simple, and should not be superseded, except 
 after the best scientific advice. That they will 
 always be successful is, of course, obviously 
 impossible, as several diseases cannot be 
 cured by any human agency; for instance, 
 that peculiar form of acute intestinal inflam- 
 mation sometimes termed apoplectic, in which 
 a length of several feet of bowel is involved 
 within two or three hours after the first symp- 
 toms of sickness are apparent. In such cases 
 the animal usually dies in six to twelve hours. 
 Similarly, cases of ruptured stomach, 
 diaphragm, or intestine, and those of 
 twisted bowel, also starting with colicky 
 symptoms, result in death in eight to twenty- 
 
 four hours. Otiier fatal diseases miglit be 
 mentioned, which no surgery nor medicines 
 can relieve. In such cases the horse is 
 practically doomed from the start. The author 
 recommends that in case of death, a post- 
 mortem examination should be made by 
 a veterinarian. From no other source can 
 such valuable information be obtained for 
 future guidance, and it is always a satisfac- 
 tion to know if the right diagnosis has been 
 made. 
 
 Above all things, avoid secret remedies, 
 and those advertised as "certain cures." One's 
 aim should be to remove the cause or causes, 
 and assist the natural fimctions to restore the 
 equilibrium. For this reason, avoidance 
 has been made in the treatment columns 
 of the mention of numerous strong alkaloids, 
 and powerful anti-febrifuges. At times they 
 are very useful agents, but the danger of 
 damage from their reactionary effects is too 
 great for a general recommendation of their 
 employment by any but qualified men. 
 
 The charts do not cover all the variations 
 of disease, nor can they enable every reader 
 to become an expert and scientific veteri- 
 narian. Such a result can only be accom- 
 plished after a thorough ground-work in 
 the sciences of physics, biology, chemistry, 
 and pathology, combined with years of prac- 
 tical experience. Their purpose is, however, 
 to make the horseman superior in knowledge 
 of the ordinary diseases of the horse, to the 
 many empirics and Cjuacks, unfortunately pre- 
 tending to be able to cure the diseases of the 
 horse, and to make any intelligent horse- 
 owner, farmer or ranchman, independent of 
 the services of ignorant pretenders and 
 empirics. 
 
 While the work is meant more for the use 
 of men living at a long distance from scientific 
 assistance, and also for the many simple 
 cases for which it would not pay to send for 
 the qualified surgeon ; at the same time, the 
 author hopes it will prove of value to the 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 stuck-nt, and al.so, to some cxlcnl, sltvo as a 
 ready reference for tlie I)iisy practitioner, as it 
 is not onlv arran<^cd on scieiitillc principles, 
 but also includes, in the treatment columns, the 
 combined practical experience of the writer 
 forever tiiirt\' years in the United States and 
 England, and also that of liie writer's father, 
 the late Mr. Alderman Dan dresswell, 
 F.R.C.\\.S., for a period of thirty-five years 
 preceding, wiiose practice was one of the 
 most varied and extensive in I-'ngiantl. 
 
 This work is not intended to take the place 
 of other reference book-.s, but to be an 
 auxiliary; and strong recommendation is 
 
 herebv made <if the special Report on the 
 Diseases of tiie Horse, issued by the United 
 States Department of Agriculture as the most 
 useful antl practical treatise, hv which the 
 horse-owner can l)e guided in that country. 
 It is expected that the charts will enable the 
 horse-owner to use the book issued by the 
 Ciovernment to much greater advantage than 
 he could without such assistance. 
 
 CiiAKi.Ks GRKss\vni.r., xr.R.r.v.s. 
 
 222, Hayward Biiih}in_Q;s, San Francisco, 
 California, U.S.A., May, 1904. 
 
lo EXPLANATION OF CHARTS AND ADDITIONAL HINTS. 
 
 CHAPTER 1. 
 
 Explanation of Charts and Additional Hints* 
 
 ^yUE most common disenecs of tlic horse 
 ^1 have been divided into ten groups, 
 ^"^ nine of wliich have more or less 
 separate and distinguishing symp- 
 toms. 'J'iie tenth group is composed of those 
 external diseases, cjf which the symptoms are 
 for the most part evident on sight. In each 
 group the general causes, symptoms, and 
 treatment are given, followed in parallel 
 columns with the specified diseases of each 
 group with their special causes, symptoms 
 and treatment. 
 
 The general causes and symptoms of the 
 diseases of the horse are given in the first and 
 second columns respectively, and are so 
 arranged that the reader will, by a few 
 minutes' reference, be able lo determine the 
 group of diseases fr. mi which ihe animal i'^ 
 suffering. 
 
 In the third Cdlumn will be found the 
 general treatment for each group. In the 
 fourth column, the various special diseases 
 belonging to each group appear, and three 
 further parallel columns, viz., the fifth, sixth, 
 and seventh give the specific causes, symptoms 
 and treatment, of each of such special 
 diseases. 
 
 The svmptoms are concisely and plainly 
 stated, and as far as possible without using 
 technical terms. Since confusion may be 
 caused bv the repetition of such symptoms 
 as are common to most diseases, such 
 are consequently for the most part omitted. 
 The general treatment advised for each group 
 of diseases, will, in many cases, suflnce. 
 The determination of the special disease of the 
 group, with the specific treatment for such, 
 is intended to be auxiliarv lo the general 
 treatment. A\'hile better results will be 
 obtained if the special diagnosis be made and 
 the special treatment followed, in many of 
 the simpler cases it will n(jt be absolutely 
 essential that this exact determination should 
 be arrived at, providing the general treat- 
 ment be carried out. More precision will be 
 gained bv continued practical experience. 
 
 In the treatment columns, reference is mad(^ 
 to medicines which should be used, and for 
 the most part these are embodied in a series 
 of prescriptions, which are attached, but 
 
 on the charts are referred to by numbers 
 only. All these prescriptions are written in 
 plain English, and can be compounded by 
 the chemist, and the medicines recom- 
 mended can be obtained at any reputable 
 drug store. No reference is made to pro- 
 prietary or patent medicines, nt:r do any 
 of the prescriptit)ns refer to difficult (!r 
 secret methods of preparati'.m, nor to 
 private recipes, nor to drugs that are not in 
 general use. Indeed the prescriptions given 
 contain either the same or equally as gx^oel 
 properties as are contained in the best 
 patent or secret remedies now on the market. 
 Some few of the compounds are identical 
 w ith widelv advertised remedies, but are here- 
 in onlv recommended for such s]iecial use as 
 the\- are good for. 
 
 Tlie two other columns referring to the 
 causes of disease, both general and special, 
 will frequently aid in diagnosis, and in all 
 cases contain information serviceable as a 
 help towards a prevention of the disease in 
 future. 
 
 The prescriptions which are appended are, 
 as abo^e stated, mentioned by number in the 
 treatment columns. 
 
 In ordi'r to determine the disease a horse is 
 suflering from, Ihe reader will first look down 
 the column headed dcncral Symptoms, and 
 determine the group of diseases indicated. In 
 most simple cases, the General Treatment 
 will be all that is required to effect a cure, 
 especially in the groups devoted to abdominal 
 and chest diseases; antl in most cases the 
 General Treatment should be at once carried 
 out. By further reference, however, to the 
 Special Symptoms, the special disease of the 
 group can be readily determined, and when 
 this has been done, the Special Treatment 
 recommended should be added to, or sub- 
 stituted for, the General Treatment, as 
 appears in Ihe instructions. 
 
 Money and troulii(^ will be sa\'ed b^• heed- 
 ing the following suggestions and rules. 
 
 Shoulder lameness is comparativelv rare. 
 
 Half the cases of lameness in front are in 
 the feet, or adjoining structures, and more 
 than three-fourlhs of those behind are in the 
 hock. In all cases of lameness in front, have 
 
EXPLANATION OF CHARTS AND ADDITIONAL HINTS. ii 
 
 the sliucs taken olT, and tlie fcL-t carefully 
 examined tor pricks in .slioeing, corns, 
 l)riiises, and ollu-r injuries. 
 
 Don't allow the blacksmith to cut away the 
 horny bars of the foot, for they prevent con- 
 traction of that structure. 
 
 Don't believe anv man who claims lie has 
 a "certain cure" for s[)a\in, ringbone, roar- 
 ing, or broken-\\ind. 
 
 Don't exercise a horse with colic, n(jr lliink- 
 every horse with abdominal pain is sutleriuL; 
 from "stoppage in its water." 
 
 Don't allow your lujrses' mouths to be 
 burnt for "Lampas," nor their teelh constantly 
 filed. An occasional tiling of the molars of 
 old horses is advisable, and at times special 
 dentistry is required, but periodical filing of 
 
 the teelh of xoung ones may often do much 
 harm. 
 
 N'evcr allow nipdicine to be given through 
 the nostrils, nor anv form of abuse to a sick 
 horse. The excitement attendant upon 
 abuse will often do great harm and make the 
 ariimal worse. 
 
 Don't W()r]< a kinie horse, or one which has 
 an\- s\m|Dloms of ill-health; and always stop 
 working an animal il severe diarrlicva comes 
 on. 
 
 Remember the resisting power to disease 
 in a horse is extremely small, and while re- 
 action is rapid and easily induced with simple 
 remedies, collapse may be sudden and 
 extreme. Therefore, the important points to 
 observe are — rest and Cjuietude, with judicious 
 use of the safer drugs in place of those liable 
 to produce dangerous effects. 
 
12 
 
 DIAGNOSIS. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Diagnosis^ or the Determination of the Seat and 
 
 Nature of a Disease, 
 
 An altciatiun truin llic natural slructurc ur 
 function of any part of the body is a disorder 
 or disease, and is serious in proportion to the 
 extent of the departure from the normal 
 standard. The pt'nera! characteristics of 
 health in the condition of normal repose in 
 the horse may be stated and spoken of as 
 follows : — ■ 
 
 I. — Brightness of eyes and skin. 
 
 2. — Light pink colour of the mucous mem- 
 branes of the eyes, nose, lips and mouth. 
 
 3. — Respirations or breathing movements 
 should be repeated eight to ten times per 
 minute. 
 
 4 The pulse beats should be strong, and 
 
 regularly recur at the rate of 32 to 36 per 
 n-.inute. 
 
 5. — The temperature should be 100.5'' 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 6. — There should be no enlargement of 
 glands, or abnormal swellings of bone or 
 muscle, or other structures of the body. 
 
 7. — The appetite and desire for water should 
 be good, with perfect capability of mastica- 
 
 md urine should 
 
 tion and swallowing 
 
 8. — Discharge of f:eces 
 be free, and regular. 
 
 g. — No evidences of pain or lameness 
 should be apparent, and there should be 
 complete sensibility, and freedom from 
 unnatural excitement. 
 
 In looking, therefore, for the seat or cause 
 of disease, it must first be determined where 
 and how the animal shows any departure 
 from the above normal characteristics. 
 
 I. — The eye not only shows the evidence of 
 pain, but is also dull or unduly brilliant, in 
 correspondence with any alteration in the 
 character or temperature of the blood; and by 
 tne general expression it gives to the facial 
 appearance of the horse, it will, to an obser- 
 vant attendant, at once give notice of any- 
 thing wrcmg. The state of tin- juipil (if the 
 eye should be observed. A staring coat, lack- 
 ing in glossiness, is also a sign of impaired 
 condition. 
 
 2. -The mucous mcniijranes of the eyes, 
 nose and mouth may become highly coloured 
 (injected), in all inflammatory diseases. The 
 effusion of small portions of blood, making 
 discolored spots on any of these membranes 
 intlicates the presence of poisons, which may 
 l)e due t(j germs, animal or vegetable, or to 
 other sources. A pallid conclition of such 
 membranes points to lack of normal circu- 
 lation of blood, or congestion of that fluid in 
 other important centres of the body, or simply 
 to loss of blood by internal or external haemor- 
 rhage. In all serious diseases these mem- 
 branes lose their healthy pink colour. 
 
 ,^,. — The breathing of an animal is altered 
 by any interference with llie action of the 
 lungs, and this may be the result of disease 
 in anv portion of the chest-cavity or of 
 functional disturbances of tiie brain, t>r the 
 nerves which suppK' the limgs. This altered 
 breathing may be temporary and perhaps 
 intermittent, or persistent, in accordance with 
 the transiency of permanency, as the case may 
 be of the particidar existing derange- 
 ments. Thus, pain in any part of the body, 
 thrtnigh the nerve centres will cause a tem- 
 porary alteration in the breathing for only 
 such time as the pain lasts, whereas a struc- 
 tural change in the lung structures will cause 
 the breathing to be persistently and uniformly 
 altered, even when there is not pain. 
 Whether persistent or temporary, any altera- 
 tion in the breathing is an important factor 
 in the determinatitjn of all diseases of the 
 respiratory tract. 
 
 The cjualified terms applied to the symptoms 
 as mentioned in the chart in this connection 
 must be carefully observed. Any persistently 
 increased frequenev of breathing beyond 16 
 times per miruitc, shown in repose, is strong 
 evidence of disease. If the number should 
 increase to 32 or beyond that, and remain so 
 for anv length of time, serious disease must 
 be present, and great danger niay be antici- 
 pated if the respirations rise to 60. 
 
 4. — The condition and number of pulse 
 beats are in all animals most valuable 
 aids to diagnosis. It is always increased in 
 fre(]uenc\- in all important diseases, except in 
 some rare cases of brain or nerve pressure and 
 
DIAGNOSIS. 
 
 13 
 
 in total cuilap,sc, when death ib ininiiiieiit. A 
 \\ hole volume could be written on this branch 
 of diagnosis, but it will suffice here to sum- 
 marise as follows : — 
 
 The pulse is best felt in the lujrse at the 
 jaw where each submaxillary artery passes 
 from between the jaws around the lower 
 border of the jaw, beyond and up on the out- 
 side through the cheek muscles. It can be 
 grasped there, between the first and second or 
 second and third fingers, and the beat is 
 distinctly felt with a light pressure. If the 
 number remains persistently above 52 per 
 minute, serious illness may be inferred, and 
 there is considerable danger when 72 per 
 minute is readied. If the pulse reaches 100, 
 and remains at this height for some length of 
 time, recovery is doubtful, and in the case of 
 abdominal disease it is almost a sure sign of 
 death. Judging the quality of pulse which 
 shows the volume of blood passing through 
 the artery, and thereby inferring the condition 
 of the circulation, is an art which can only be 
 acf|uired by experience. In the treatment 
 of general diseases by an ordinary attendant, 
 such discriminator)' precision is not expected. 
 It will be sufficient for him to know that a 
 gradual and sustained greater fre(|uencv 
 means an intensity of disease, and that a de- 
 creasing volume, as felt by a lessened size of 
 the artery, shews a greater general debilitv. 
 In abdominal diseases the freciucncy of the 
 pulse, coupled with the degree of expansion 
 of the artery, unmistakably point to the pro- 
 gress of the malady, and will most clearly 
 indicate the chances of recovery or the reverse. 
 
 5- — Tbe normal temperature of the horse is 
 100.5 tieg. Fah., and all of the specific blood 
 diseases and most of the inflammatory 
 diseases cause very distinct and character- 
 istic elevations beyond the normal. In 
 slight fevers, the temperature will rise to as 
 high as uv, degrees, or 104 degrees, and this 
 in itself constitutes not much danger, unless 
 it remains persistent at that height for some 
 days. Upon the invasion of specific patho- 
 genic germs, there may be a gradual rise 
 each day, until a maximum of J05 degrees 
 may be arrived at without necessarily fatal 
 results, but if 107 degrees or even less should 
 be reached, congestive complications very fre- 
 quently occur, and it is very rarelv the case 
 that an animal will survive "a temperature of 
 loS di\grecs. During the acute stage of most 
 inflammatory attacks, a maximum of 105 
 degrees will be reached. While great impor- 
 tance must be attached to a high temperature, 
 
 the lact must not be lost sight of, that in the 
 horse, as in children, a very high elevation 
 sometimes occurs on the sudden access of 
 te\er, or by a check to the action of the skin, 
 or other excretory organs. However, this 
 high temperature very fre(|uently can be 
 reduced by ordinary remedies in a few hours, 
 with practically no danger to the animal. 
 Care, therefore, should be taken, in diagnos- 
 ing from such elevations, to make sure that 
 they are, or seem likely to be, fairl}' persis- 
 tent, and are associated with other character- 
 istic symptoms, indicative of »'rious disease, 
 before at once concluding that the high tem- 
 perature alone shews something very serious. 
 l'"or instance, a sustained temperature of 104 
 degrees, coupled with blood spots, or dis- 
 colorations of the mucous membranes of the 
 eyes, nose or mouth (any or all of them), 
 would be indicative of an advanced stage of 
 some pathological condition, and far more 
 serious than a temporary elevation to 106 
 degrees, soon after the first appearance of ill- 
 health. The latter might probably subside in a 
 tew hours with ordinary fever medicine, or in 
 many cases by natural reaction. In all cases 
 (jf great elevation, persistency is most to be 
 feared. The temperature should be taken in 
 the rectum, and a strong human clinical ther- 
 mometer is best for this purpose. 
 
 6. — The importance of abdominal swellings 
 in any part of the body depends upon the 
 p(jsition, and whether they are or are not ac- 
 companied with local heiit or pain. If they 
 arise suddenly, and are associated with a high 
 temperature, and local heat and pain, they 
 constitute evidence of innammatory action, 
 which may result in structural deposits, or 
 the formation of pus. 
 
 7. — Suspension of the natural ajjpetite of a 
 horse is invariably indicative of disease, and 
 this symptom should never be neglected. 
 
 8. — Any serious alteration in the character 
 of the excretions, or in the frequency with 
 which they are expelled, should be at once 
 noted, and the observance of such alterations 
 will lead to the determination of a disease, 
 belonging either to the digestive or the 
 urinar\' and generative groups. 
 
 9- — I'be various evidences of pain shown 
 by the horse are probably more characteristic, 
 and lead to a more definite determination of 
 disease, than any other svmptom. Certain 
 expressions of jiain in the horse are so char- 
 acteristic, that they may almost be taken as 
 proved indications; such as, that, in all pain 
 connected with the abdominal region, the 
 
H 
 
 DIAGNOSIS. 
 
 \\ursv will assuredly t;rl up and down frc- 
 (jucnth-, whcTC-as in jjain cunnc'ctcd with the 
 I'L'spiratorv tract it will rarely, if e\er, lie 
 down until the final stages. If the pain be 
 connected with brain disease, there will be ad- 
 ditional e\idence uf loss of sense accompanied 
 by extreme dilation or extreme contraction of 
 the pupil of the eye, unaffected by any change 
 in the amount of light, or only partially there- 
 by alTected. If the pain is in connection with 
 the spinal column, there will be inability to 
 rise, or at least a very uncertain gait, if the 
 animal still retain the power of rising. If 
 the pain be connected with the urinary or 
 generative organs, there will always be either 
 straining or some characteristic alteration of 
 the nature of the discharges. 
 
 It must not be forgotten that the previous 
 liisilory of the patient is very frecjuently a 
 great aid to diagnosis. Especially is this the 
 case when the animal is known to have been 
 recentlv in contact with some specific con- 
 tagious disease, or where disease is already 
 existing in the neighbourhood. Careful in- 
 quiry should always be instituted to find out 
 exactly the conditions to which the horse has 
 been recently exposed, and also as to th(; 
 amount and character of food, water, and 
 exercise. By coupling the history of the 
 animal with the information contained in the 
 c.ilumns of the chart, devoted to the causes of 
 disease, a very valuable corroboration can fre- 
 cjuently be made of the diagnosis. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES TO THE HORSE. 
 
 CHAPTEK III. 
 
 Administration of Medicines to the Horse, 
 
 It is important tliat all the drugs pre- 
 scribed be of good quality, and not inferior 
 to those used for mankind. 'Jhe struc- 
 ture and functions, of the horse are of a similar 
 character to those of man and the higher 
 animals, and the action of medicines is, in 
 many cases, likewise similar. The changes 
 also in the structure and functions which are 
 caused by disease are similar to those of man, 
 and verv much the same principles are in- 
 volved in their treatment. Therefore, it is 
 reprehensible to conclude that inferior, coarser 
 or more impure drugs, will l\o for a horse. 
 In fact, as the course of some diseases is more 
 rapid in the horse than in man, the highest 
 C|uality of drugs is necessary, in order to 
 ensure swift action. For example there is an 
 absolute necessity, in order to save life, of a 
 quick and certain action of the purgati\e drug 
 "aloes" in impaction of the bowels. This 
 disease rims its course to a fatal termination, 
 or to recoverv, as the case mav be, fre(|Ui-nil\- 
 in twenty-four hours, and, imless the first dose 
 of purgative medicine can be relied upon, a 
 cure is very uncertain. The same is true as to 
 the need of purity of digitalis, which max be 
 useful in pneumonia, broken wind, and heart 
 derangements. Many other instances could 
 be given of similar nature, and it would not be 
 necessary to draw such particular attention to 
 this point, were it not for the prevalent notion 
 among druggists that an inferior qualitv or 
 strength of a drug will do for a hors^e. 
 
 Too much importance cannot be given to 
 the care which it is necessarv to use in 
 giving medicine, not only to prevent choking, 
 or unnecessary excitation of the animal, 
 but also to ensure certaintv of action. 
 The horse is notably most sensitive to taste 
 and smell, and nauseous drugs are at times 
 very difficult to administer without crueltv, or 
 causing undue excitation. For this reason, 
 different methods exist. First and most im- 
 portant is the method of giving medicine in 
 the form of a ball or "bolus."' This should 
 never exceed one ounce in weight, nor three 
 inches in length, by three-qilarler inch in 
 diameter. It should be cylindrical in shape, 
 and soft in consistence — never hard and dry. 
 It should be wrapped in paper, either oiled, 
 or moistened immediatelv before being given. 
 
 ((ielalin capsules, which answer ihe pur- 
 pose admirably, can now be purchased.) 
 
 Balls are better given by hand, but for those 
 who, from want of practice, or other reason, 
 object to the manual mellu)d, a "balling gun," 
 as sold by the instrtmu-nt makers, ma}- be em- 
 ployed. If the ball is to be given manuallv, 
 the tongue must be grasped firmlv with 
 the left hand, and gently pulled forward, and 
 the ball placed with the tips of the first three 
 fingers of the right hand at the back of the 
 root of the tongue. As the hand is with- 
 drawn from the moiuh, the left hand releases 
 the tongue, which carries the ball backward 
 when being withdrawn into the mouth. Hold 
 the head in a natural position with mouth 
 closed, until the ball is seen on the outside of 
 the neck to pass ddwn the gullet. It is alwavs 
 advisable to dlTer a drink of water after 
 balling, in order to facilitate passage, and 
 prevent it being coughed up. 
 
 Occasionally if placed too far back, or if the 
 throat is S)re, it will be at once coughed up. 
 If so, do not attempt to force swallowing, but 
 allow it to come away without being broken 
 by the teeth or chewed, and see that it is 
 properly re-wrapped before repeating the 
 administration. If the balling gun be used, 
 the same method must be emploved, with the 
 exception that the gun is substi'tuied for the 
 fingers of the right hand. It is necessary 
 lo take care to leave the ball just at 
 the ba<'k of the root of the tongue, and no 
 further, and away from the molar teeth. 
 
 Many naus<»(His drugs and those requiring 
 a great volume of water in their s-ilution are 
 better given in the form of a ball, especiallv 
 aloes and its combinations. 
 
 In cases of bad sore throat, or swollen 
 glands of the throat, however, it will be found 
 useless to try this form of administration. 
 
 The second and perhaps more common 
 method of administering medicine is in liquid 
 form as a draught, or "drench," as it is 
 commonly called. In this method it is best to 
 use either a proper tin drenching bottle, or an 
 ordinary wide-mouthed glass one, such as a 
 soda-water bottle. The' horse's head must 
 be raised, either by the left hand held under 
 the lower jaw, or by a rope looped around the 
 
t6 
 
 ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES TO THE HORSE. 
 
 ii[)pcr jaw, aiul |)a.s.sc'cl uwv a bfam, or by llic 
 "twitch" on tlu; upper nuslril, tlie ])articiilar 
 method depencliiii,' iipt)n tlie ameiialjihly of 
 the animal. When tlie head is thus secured, 
 a trifle above the level, the medicine should be 
 poured slowly into the cheek of the left side, 
 so that it may run dow n the side of the molar 
 teeth into the mouth. Do not attempt to pass 
 the neck of tiie botlle into the moulh past tlu' 
 teeth, and if tiie least sign of choking should 
 arise, let the head down, C|uite regardless of 
 spilling the medicine. Oi>\iously it is better 
 to lose the medicine than choke the horse. If 
 {]\e animal does not swallow, gently rub or 
 strojce the neck or tickle the palate, i.e., the 
 roof of the mouth, or the inside of the 
 lips, with the fingers, whereupon the 
 mouth usually opens, and swallowing 
 occurs. If this fails, the tongue ma\- 
 be drawn forward and then released, or a 
 clean sponge may be dipped in cold water, 
 placed in the nostrils, and sfjueezed so that a 
 little water may trickle dow n. 'J'liis last method 
 invariably causes instant swallowing. All 
 other practices intended to evoke swallow- 
 ing are to be censured. On no account ever 
 give medicine by the nostrils. It is a most 
 cruel and dangerous practice, and causes man\- 
 deaths from traumatic inflammation of the 
 bronchial tubes and lungs, which mav 
 perhaps be put down to the original disease 
 by those who use this barbarous method. In 
 giving drenches do not dilute too much witli 
 water, as the risk of choking is therebv much 
 increased. Drenches should not, as a rule, ever 
 exceed one pint in c|uantitv, and rareh- is it 
 necessary for them to be over eight fluid 
 ounces. 
 
 A third and valuable method of giving 
 medicine, especially during convalescence 
 when the appetite is good, is in the form of 
 powders, mixed with the food or water. 
 Nearly all the neutral salts of sodium, potas- 
 sium, and iron, can be given this wav, 
 and some vegetable tonics, if some flavouring, 
 such as aniseed, be added to them. \\'hen 
 the animal will readily take medicine with its 
 food, this plan is far preferable to anv other. 
 
 A fourth, and sometimes ver\- valuable 
 
 method, is bv ii\i)oLlermic injection. This 
 means shoidd be only rart'lv res(jrted to, as 
 llie risk of abscess from a non-sterilized 
 syringe and the powerfid action of the drugs 
 used in this method, make it too dangerous for 
 any but properly qualified ]Dractitioners. 
 However, at times, tlie necessitv is great, 
 when ra])itlit\' of action is demanded, and the 
 risk must be taken. Alwavs see that the 
 syringe is perfectly cleaned before putting 
 away alter use, and, if n(;t made of glass, 
 immersed in boiling water or, if so, in solution 
 of perchloride of merciirv for a few minutes 
 before being used. 
 
 Injection of medicine into a vein or the 
 trachea can only be performed by experienced 
 veterinarians. 
 
 The greatest care, we repeat, should be 
 exercised in the giving of medicine. In the 
 case of disorders involving the brain and ner- 
 vous system, and in that of j'oung unbroken 
 animals, or those of a highly nervous tempera- 
 ment, it is very easy to destroy all the good 
 effects of the medicine by the mode of its 
 administration, or actuallv do more harm than 
 good. Patience and sympathy are always 
 needed, and a bad-tempered man should never 
 be allowed within tallying distance of a sick 
 horse. 
 
 Till' practice of suspending medicines 
 in oils of various kinds, for example 
 linseed oil, should be severely condemned. 
 The horse has a decided natural objection to 
 oil, and there is no necessity whatever for 
 mixing linseed, or other nauseous oils, with 
 drenches. If oil, as a laxative, is deemed 
 advisable, one or two moderate doses of castor 
 oil may be given for that express object of 
 opening the bowels. 
 
 A peculiar form of inflammation of the 
 mucous coat of the bowels often follows the 
 excessive use of linseed f)il in cases of 
 abdominal disease, and it is generallv objec- 
 tionable in any quantity for diseases of the 
 kmgs or bronchial tubes, and absolutely per- 
 nicious in low fevers, such as influenza, dis- 
 temper and lung fever. This oil should be 
 for the most part excluded from the category 
 of internal medicines. 
 
NURSING. 
 
 17 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Nursing, 
 
 Corn, barley, wlieat, beans, peas, and all 
 highly nitrogenous food should usually be 
 discontinued during any attack of sickness; 
 but when the appetite is very poor, and 
 remains so for several days, it is permissible 
 to tempt it back with small quantities of 
 almost any kind of food. A handful of fresh 
 malt now and again, oatmeal, linseed gruel, 
 freshly-cut grass, young carrots., or a few 
 heads of green corn will frecjuently start a 
 horse eating. 
 
 \\'hen there is total disinclination to drink, 
 a little salt, placed in the mouth, will often 
 have the desired result. 
 
 All work and exercise of every description 
 must be at once stopped during sickness, and 
 this is most important to be remembered on 
 the outbreak of epizootic influenza in a stable. 
 Many a horse dies from lung complications 
 following the continuance of work in the early 
 stages of influenza, and many abdominal 
 diseases are seriously aggravated by the com- 
 mon custom of exercising a horse in the early 
 stages of colic. Perfect quiet and freedom to 
 roll around on a good bed of straw or other 
 soft material should be secured as soon as 
 possible, after the first signs of abdominal 
 pain are observed. 
 
 The best rule to observe in the matter of 
 exercise during sickness, is to refrain from 
 all unnecessary movement when the tempera- 
 ture or pulse is higher than normal, and 
 whenever there are signs of pain of any 
 description. 
 
 During convalescence, exercise may be 
 gradually started, and should be increased 
 daily, before putting the animal to regular 
 work again. 
 
 On account of the extreme sensitiveness of 
 the abdominal organs of the horse, it is impor- 
 tant to remember that two or three days' rest 
 from work should always follow active 
 purgation. 
 
 If possible, a sick horse should be at once 
 removed to a roomy box-stall, with plenty of 
 light and fresh air, wherein the temperature 
 is kept at 60 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit, as 
 nearly as practicable. 
 
 The legs and ears shoukl be kept warm, 
 even though it be necessarv to rub them 
 
 wilh mustard and water, or with liniment 
 No. I. After hand-rubbing, the legs should 
 be bandaged with flannel bandages, and 
 the body also blanketed with rugs, if neces- 
 sar}'. The higher the temperature of the 
 animal, the m<jre necessary it is to keep the 
 skin in action by extra covering. 
 
 When fomentations or poultices are indi- 
 cated, it must be remembered that they are 
 solely used for the purpose of applying moist 
 heat, and therefore should never be allowed 
 to get cold. W^hen they are discontinued, 
 the parts fomented must be dried, and stimu- 
 lating liniment or alcohol applied. Do not 
 begin fomentation without an ample supp!}- of 
 hot water. 
 
 The main object of bandaging is to exclude 
 the air, and hence bandages should always be 
 accurately applied with consistent pressure, 
 but not enough to stop the circulation. Their 
 efficacy is wonderfully increased by applying 
 a layer of absorbent cotton to the skin before 
 adjusting the bandages. 
 
 The use of enemata (clysters) is frequently 
 of great value, and for this purpose the old- 
 fashioned, cumbersome and expensive pumps 
 are not necessary. A tin funnel, shaped like 
 an inverted cone, eight inches in diameter at 
 the top, tapering to one inch at the bottom, to 
 which is attached two feet of one inch pipe at 
 right angles, can be fashioned by any tin- 
 smith; and will serve the purposes required. 
 The end of the clyster-pipe should be 
 snioothed with a lead finish, so as not to 
 injure the rectum. 
 
 Enemata of warm water, or warm water and 
 soap, should be judiciously repeated, subse- 
 quently to the purgative, in cases of abdominal 
 obstruction; and as a substitute for purgative 
 medicine in other diseases when constipation 
 exists. From one to two gallons of water 
 may be allowed to enter, and, in order 
 to facilitate the process, it is better to place 
 the animal in such a position that the hind 
 quarters are on a higher level than the fore- 
 cjuarters. 
 
 When nutrient enemata of linseed and oat- 
 meal gruel are indicated, in cases of extrem.e 
 weakness, with inability to eat, or digest good 
 food, remember that only one to two quarts 
 can be retained at one time. 
 
i8 NURSING. 
 
 In some few cases of sickness, when artili- All points of friction must be well padded, 
 cial support is necessary to maintain a stand- j^^is section on nursing may be con- 
 ing posture, shngs are used. Ihese can be eluded by urging the extreme necessity 
 purchased from the instrument makers, but of securing quietude, cleanliness, fresh air, 
 can be carefully constructed vyith a frame- ^n equable temperature, and perfect sanita- 
 work of wood, built around the horse, the ^Iq^, together with extreme patience and 
 animal being supported by sheets of strong vvatchfulness on the part of the attendant, 
 canvas under the body, in front of the chest, 
 and behind the thighs, all nailed securely to 
 the wooden frame. 
 
SURGICAL OPERATIONS. 
 
 19 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Surgical Operations, 
 
 (a) Blistering and Firing. 
 
 Both these operations are used for the pur- 
 pose of creating counter irritation of the skin, 
 in order to relieve inflammation of internal 
 structures, and are specially used for diseases 
 of the bones and joints of the legs. The best 
 effects are produced only after ordinary reme- 
 dies have first been used to reduce as far as 
 possible local inflammation, and in no case 
 should either be used if any external heat of 
 skin exists. 
 
 Blisters should never be repeated until the 
 scale of the old blister has come away, and 
 the new hair begun to appear. For twelve 
 hours after blistering, the horse should be 
 secured, so that it cannot bite or scratch the 
 affected part, and the skin, after blistering, 
 should be occasionally dressed with vaseline 
 or some other emollient dressing. Do not 
 blister a heated or inflamed skin. It is as well 
 to give a mild purgative two days before 
 using any blister, except when one is used for 
 an abscess, or to reduce inflammation of any 
 important internal organ, such as in laryn- 
 gitis or pneumonia. 
 
 "Firing" is the act of burning the skin with 
 a heated iron, and special instruments are sold 
 for the purpose. The operation should never 
 be performed except by a veterinarian, 
 under chloroform, and with the greatest 
 care. No operation on the horse is more 
 liable to abuse than that of firing. However, 
 in strictly scientific hands, it is one of the 
 most beneficial for cases of refractory splints, 
 spavins, side-bones, sprained tendons, and 
 curbs. The operation should not be contem- 
 plated, unless the owner is prepared to give 
 at least two or three months' rest to the 
 animal, and at least three weeks' preparation 
 should first be given to the leg to be operated 
 upon. These precautions are absolutely 
 necessary to obtain good results. 
 
 keeps open the artificial wound. It is done 
 to produce intense C(ninter-irritati<)n, when 
 blisters would be ineffectual and firing is im- 
 practicable, as in obstinate cases of hip-joint 
 disease. It should only be performed by a 
 veterinarian. 
 
 (c) Suturing Wounds. 
 
 Surgical needles and antiseptic silk and 
 catgut or silver wire are used for this purpose. 
 For ordinary purposes the "interrupted 
 suture" should be performed, that is to say, 
 each stitch should be tied separately. Before 
 suturing, the wound must be carefully 
 cleansed with antiseptic sjlution and dried, 
 and all destroyed tissue cut away. 
 Be careful to keep out of the wound any dirt, 
 or oil, or liniment of any description, and 
 see that the needle actually penetrates the 
 whole of the skin before drawing through the 
 thread. After the suturing is complete, dust 
 the surface with a mixture of dry boric acid 
 and aristol. Secure the animal until union 
 has taken place, so that there will be the least 
 possible stretching of the sutures. 
 
 (d) Ttie Opening of Abscesses. 
 
 Be careful to see that distinct fluctuation 
 proves the existence of pus before opening, 
 and when the operation is decided upon, open 
 freely so as to obtain a clear channel. Cut in 
 the general direction as from head to tail, 
 avoiding all transverse incisions. If the 
 abscess is in a dangerous locality, one un- 
 familiar with the anatomical position of large 
 arteries and veins should never operate. 
 After opening freely, irrigate once or twice a 
 day with a solution of Peroxide of Hydrogen, 
 or other antiseptic soltition. 
 
 (b) Setoning. 
 
 The operation of setoning is the passage of 
 a piece of tape, four to six inches long, under 
 the skin. It is allowed to remain there 
 for some days or weeks. Constant dressing 
 
 (e) Extraction of Tumours. 
 
 All tumours require thorough dissection 
 from out of the surrotmding structures, and, 
 if these are in a dangerous position, the 
 operation should only be performed by a 
 
20 
 
 SURGICAL OPERATIONS. 
 
 scientific veterinary surgeon. After extrac- 
 tion, thorough cleanliness with antiseptic 
 solution is necessary. 
 
 (f) Bleeding. 
 
 Except in an emergency, bleeding should be 
 left to the qualified veterinary surgeon. At 
 times, however, it is necessary for the atten- 
 dant to act, and the following rules should be 
 observed. Direct an assistant to hold the head 
 slightly turned to the right. Place a fairly 
 tight loop of rope around the neck towards the 
 chest. The operator, standing on the right 
 side will ojjserve the jugular vein standing out 
 prominently on the neck by the side of, 
 and a little above, the windpipe. Make 
 an incision into the jugular vein about half- 
 way between the jaw and the rope, with the 
 ordinary bleeding lancet, held firmly between 
 the thumb and first finger. Take care not to 
 puncture the further side of the vein. If the 
 vein be properly punctured, blood will flow 
 rapidly in a stream half an inch wide. Collect 
 the blood in a pint measure, and take away 
 from three to six pints, the amount depending 
 on the size and condition of the animal, and 
 the disease it is suffering from. As a rule a 
 i,ooolb. animal in good condition will stand 
 a loss of four pints; but sufiicient should bo 
 taken away to cause the pulse to become rapid 
 in number, and less in volume. As soon as 
 these effects are perceptible, loose the rope 
 around the neck, and take up the two edges 
 of punctured skin by passing a pin through 
 both of them held tightly together between the 
 fingers. Secure the pin in place by wrapping 
 around it a few strands of soft string, or hair 
 from the animal's tail. After the lapse of 
 about forty-eight hours the pin may be 
 removed. Bleeding may be necessary in 
 some cases of congestion or inflammation of 
 the brain, cerebral apoplexy, and occasionally 
 in acute "founder." 
 
 (g) Passing Urethral Catheters. 
 
 In the male the penis is first drawn and 
 grasped firmly in the left hand, and the 
 catheter, which is a long flexible tube, 
 specially made for the purpose, is passed with 
 the right hand. As it reaches the angle near 
 the rectum, an assistant should be ready to 
 turn the point towards the bladder by gentle 
 pressure just below the anus. When the 
 
 instrument has reached the bladder, the stilet 
 inside the catheter can be withdrawn, so that 
 the urine will flow freely. In the female the 
 orifice is on the lower floor of the vagina, a 
 few inches inside, and the operation is much 
 easier than in the male, consisting of a direct 
 passage of the catheter into the bladder. 
 
 (h) Trephining. 
 
 This operation consists in boring a circular 
 hole through the bones of the face into one or 
 other of the nasal cavities, in the case of 
 obstinate nasal gleet, and is performed with 
 the special trephine for the purpose. Before 
 operating, a crucial incision is made into the 
 skin over the prominent nasal swelling char- 
 acteristic of the disease. The trephine is then 
 placed into actual contact with the bone, and, 
 bv a series of circular movements of the hand 
 backwards and forwards, a circular piece of 
 bone is sawn out. The discharge of offen- 
 sive pus at once follows the opening into the 
 cavity. Constant irrigation, according to the 
 instructions on the chart, must be practised 
 until healing takes place. 
 
 (i) Tracheotomy. 
 
 This operation is the opening of the wind- 
 pipe to admit of respiration when the larynx 
 is occluded. In severe cases of laryngitis, 
 sometimes in distemper, and occasionally in 
 other diseases this operation is necessary, 
 and sometimes urgently reciuired. About 
 one-third way down the neck, make a two- 
 inch long incision in the skin and through 
 the flesh, at the lowest portion of the neck, at 
 the middle point, that is, one-half way round 
 it; and cut, until the wind-pipe is exposed, 
 from above downward. Then cut direct into 
 the pipe with the knife blade, in a line parallel 
 to the long axis of the body, through 
 one ring. The breathing will at once take 
 place through the opening, which must be 
 kept patent by the insertion of a regular 
 tracheotomy tube. 
 
 When the disease making the operation 
 recjuisite subsides, the tube can be removed, 
 and healing will at once take place, if the 
 wound be kept clean with antiseptic dressings. 
 
 For Roarers a silver tube with lumen 
 capable of being more or less occluded can 
 be used; but for this purpose a circular 
 opening into the trachea has to be made by 
 an expert. 
 
SURGICAL OPERATIONS. 
 
 21 
 
 (j) Use of the Probang in Choking. 
 
 The animal's head must be stretched for- 
 ward in a straight line from the body, and the 
 operator stand squarely and firmly in front 
 Carefully pass the proJDang, well oiled, over 
 the root of the tongue, until the throat is 
 reached, and, as soon as the first natural 
 attempt is made to swallow, push on with 
 slight pressure do\v,n the neck until the ob- 
 struction is encountered, then use steady and 
 gentle but firm pressure without any jerking, 
 until the obstructing material is passed into 
 the stomach. Withdraw steadily and care- 
 fully. 
 
 Failing a regular probang, in an emer- 
 gency, a flexible buggy whip, or a piece of 
 stout hose-pipe may be found useful sub- 
 stitutes. 
 
 (i) Operation for Fistulous Withers 
 and PoH=EvH. 
 
 This operation is frequently serious, and 
 requires great skill, but when the pus is 
 superficial, and deep-seated structures have 
 
 not been involved, a cure can be effected by a 
 free opening of the abscess, making the cut 
 parallel with the long axis of the body, and 
 using afterwards repeated irrigations with a 
 lo per cent, solution of peroxide of hydrogen, 
 or other antiseptic solution. 
 
 (Ij Unnerving.* 
 
 This operation can only be performed by 
 one thoroughly expert in the knowledge of 
 the anatomy of the leg. It consists of the 
 exposure and excision of a piece of the meta- 
 carpal nerve of the leg, in order to destroy 
 sensation in the foot, affected with chronic 
 navicular disease, or incurable ringbone. As 
 the operation does not cure the disease, and 
 frequently causes degeneration of the other 
 healthv structures, it is of doubtful value, 
 and can only be advised for the sake of 
 lessening the suffering of a lame horse. 
 
 • Novoeain may be used for producing kcal anaesthesia 
 in unnerving and minor operations generally. It is said 
 to be non-irritant, six times le^s toxic than cocain, and 
 on!y one-third as toxic as other substitutes It is the 
 hydrochloride of para-amip'^-benzoly-di-eihyl-amino-ethanol. 
 
22 USE OF MALLEINE, AND PREVENTION OF DISEASE. 
 
 CHAPTER YI. 
 
 Use of Malleine for the Detection of Glanders^ 
 and Prevention of Disease. 
 
 (a) Use of Malleine. 
 
 Malleine contains the components of the bacilli of Glanders. 
 
 In case of any doubt in the diagnosis of 
 glanders, a hypodermic injection of two cubic 
 centimeters of malleine will determine the 
 question. The temperature of the horse must 
 be taken morning, noon and night, of the 
 day previous to the injection. The Malleine 
 (which in the United States of America can 
 be obtained from the Bureau of Animal 
 Industry at Washington, D.C.), is injected 
 into the neck with a hypodermic syringe. 
 Twelve hours after the injection the tempera- 
 ture must be taken every four hours for 
 twenty hours. If there is a rise of 1.8 
 degrees Fah. above the average of the day 
 preceding the injection of malleine, the horse 
 is suffering from glanders. If there is no 
 rise, or only a slight one, it may be taken for 
 granted that glanders is not present. 
 
 {b) Prevention of Disease. 
 
 The columns of the chart devoted to 
 "Causes of Disease" are intended to imply the 
 necessity of the adoption of the corresponding 
 sanitary measures required for the prevention 
 of the respective diseases. It may be asserted 
 that 75 per cent, of the ills of the horse are due 
 to errors in regard to diet, work, stable- 
 management, and general hygienic arrange- 
 ments. 
 
 Many excellent treatises have been written on 
 the sanitation and stable-management of 
 horses, and it is not the province of this work 
 to say more in this connection than that the 
 consumption of food should be gauged by the 
 amount of physical work required of the 
 animal; that in all cases it should be as clean 
 and free from mould, dirt, sand, or other 
 impurity as possible, and should be given at 
 regular intervals; that drinking water should 
 not be contaminated with drainage, or 
 deleterious matter of any kind, nor given 
 immediately after exhausting work, par- 
 ticularly during exposure to cold winds; 
 that the stable should be dry, light, 
 well-ventilated, thoroughly drained, and 
 kept at as even a temperature as it is 
 possible to secure. The first signs of 
 sickness, especially during the presence of 
 epizootics, should be at once attended to, and 
 
 work stopped on the first symptoms of loss of 
 appetite, elevation of temperature, or general 
 unthriftiness. During the spring and fall 
 months, the regular administration of 
 Powder No. 16 once a day in food three 
 times a week, will prevent many diseases of 
 the excretory organs; and it may be regu- 
 larly given at any time of the year, during 
 the prevalence of any epizootic. The powder 
 will either prevent or considerably lessen the 
 severity of an attack of influenza, pink-eye, 
 or distemper, and it is an excellent Condi- 
 tion Powder. After a period of rest, or after 
 a serious change in climate, a horse should be 
 graduallv accustomed to the maximum 
 amount of work required, and it is a good 
 plan to commence any great change of diet, 
 or general condition, with one dose of purga- 
 tive medicine, followed by Powder No. 16, 
 once a day. Medicine No. 22, once or twice 
 a day, will prevent or cjuickly arrest the 
 common acclimatisation fever so frequent 
 after a great change of climate. Disinfec- 
 tion of stables should in all cases be periodi- 
 cally made, and daily during the prevalence of 
 infectious disease. The simplest and most 
 effectual disinfectant is chlorinated lime in 
 solution (one pound of lime to two gallons of 
 water). Freely sprinkle with a garden water- 
 ing-can over the floor, and in the drainage 
 gutter of the stable. A five per cent, solution 
 of chloride of zinc is more expensive, but has 
 the advantage of being inodorous. The 
 various preparations of Solution of Tar are 
 also useful. Fumigation with burning pine- 
 tar or sulphur or creolin vapour, is advisable 
 in the case of the existence of any contagious 
 disease. After an outbreak of glanders or 
 anthrax, it is necessar}" to remove and burn 
 all wood-work, which is likely to have been 
 in contact with the diseased animal or its 
 disciiarges. 
 
 In an actual outbreak of anthrax, where 
 deaths have occurred, those animals which 
 have been subjected to the contagion may be 
 successfully vaccinated with anthrax vaccine, 
 as a preventive; but considerable caution 
 should be exercised in its use for fear of intro- 
 ducing the disease, where it did not pre- 
 viously exist, and it should only be done 
 under the best expert advice given after a 
 thorough investigation. 
 
PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUGS, INSTRUMENTS, APPLIANCES. 
 
 23 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Prescriptions^ Drugs^ Instruments^ and Appliances. 
 
 We now proceed to give successively : — 
 
 A, — Prescriptions. 
 
 B. — List of Prescriptions advised to be 
 kept made up in cases where a first-class 
 drug-store is not conveniently situated close 
 at hand, for instance, on stock-farms far 
 distant from a town. 
 
 C. — List of Drugs likewise needful in such 
 a case, i.e., where a good chemist's services 
 are not obtainable at a time of emergency. 
 In each of these lists the quantities mentioned 
 are suitable for a stud of fifty horses, and can 
 of course be increased or lessened in amount 
 according to the special needs of each par- 
 ticular farm. 
 
 D. — List of Surgical Instrimients and Ap- 
 pliances needful for simple cases where 
 operative procedure is required. 
 
 Useful as an absorbent application for 
 swellings of all kinds. Saturate outer sur- 
 face of affected parts, apply a layer of cotton- 
 wool, and over this a tight' bandage. If any 
 blistering action should occur, discontinue 
 for a time, and apply vaseline. 
 
 No. 5. — Anodyne Liniment. 
 
 R. — Camphor i oz. 
 
 Chloroform ^ oz. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether J oz. 
 
 Tincture of Opium J oz. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite J oz. 
 
 Strong Sol. of Ammonia... J oz. 
 
 Glycerine, sufficient to make 4 oz. 
 
 A very strong application for the relief of 
 local pain. Apply without bandage, unless 
 intense action is desired. 
 
 A. — Prescriptions. 
 
 No. I. — Camphor Liniment. 
 
 R. — Camphor i oz. 
 
 Strong Sol. of Ammonia ... J oz. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make one pint. 
 
 No. 2. — Strong Camphor Liniment. 
 
 R. — Camphor i oz. 
 
 Strong Sol. of Ammonia ... i oz. 
 Alcohol, sufficient to make one pint. 
 
 No. 3. — ]\hite Embrocation. 
 
 R. — Thoroughly shake 8 oz. Turpentine with 
 4 well-beaten Eggs. Add gradually, shak- 
 ing during the process, 4 oz. Acetic Acid, 
 and 4 oz. of Solution of Acetate of Lead 
 (Goulard's extract of Lead), and 2 quarts 
 of Water. 
 
 L^seful for swellings, bruises, and inflam- 
 matory deposits of all kinds. Applv with- 
 out bandage, unless a mild blistering action 
 is required, in which case a bandage may be 
 used. 
 
 No. 4. — Iodine Liniment. 
 
 R. — Tincture of Iodine 3 oz. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium i oz. 
 
 Glycerine 2 oz. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make one pint. 
 
 No. 6. — .1 Cooling Lead Lotion. 
 
 R. — Sol. of Acetate of Lead. 
 
 (Goulard's Extract)... 2 oz. 
 
 Tincture of Arnica i oz. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite i oz. 
 
 Glycerine 3 oz. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make one pint. 
 
 A lotion for the relief of local inflamma- 
 tion. Apply with cold wet bandage kept 
 saturated with the lotion. 
 
 No. 7. — Blistering Ointment. 
 
 R. — Powdered Cantharides ... 4 drams. 
 
 Oil of Turpentine i dram. 
 
 Oil of Origanum i dram. 
 
 Lard 4 oz. 
 
 Do not repeat this application until scale 
 has come off skin. Dress after application 
 with vaseline, or ointment No. 10. 
 
 No. 8. — Strong Blistering Ointment. 
 
 R. — Powdered Cantharides... 4 drams. 
 
 Biniodide of Mercury ... 4 drams. 
 
 Glycerine 4 drams. 
 
 Lard 4 oz. 
 
 Same after-trealmont as with No. 7. 
 
24 PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUGS, INSTRUMENTS, APPLIANCES. 
 
 No. 9. — Mercurial Blistering Ointment. 
 
 R. — Biniodide of Mercury ... 4 drams. 
 
 Olive Oil 4 drains. 
 
 Lard 3J oz. 
 
 Same after-treatment as with No. 7. 
 
 No. 10. — Antiseptic Ointment. 
 
 R. — Powdered Boric Acid... 4 drams. 
 
 Creolin i^ drams. 
 
 Lanoline i oz. 
 
 Benzoated Lard 3 oz. 
 
 Useful for open sores of every description. 
 
 No. II. — Hoof Ointyncnt. 
 
 R. — Pine Tar 2 parts. 
 
 Castor Oil i part. 
 
 Lard 3 parts. 
 
 Heat together until well mixed. Apply to 
 hoofs every night, and before exposure to 
 cold wet conditions of work. 
 
 No. 12. — Astringent Ointment. 
 
 R. — Acetate of Lead Powdered 4 drams. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc 2 drams. 
 
 Creosote Pure i dram. 
 
 Lanoline i oz. 
 
 Benzoated Lard 3 oz. 
 
 Useful for chronic sores, cracked heels, 
 "grease" or "scratches," "eczema," and 
 "ulcers." 
 
 No. 13. — Antiseptic Solution. 
 
 R. — Carbolic Acid Pure 1 oz. 
 
 Glycerine Pure 2 oz. 
 
 Mix and add water sufficient to make one 
 pint. For external use. 
 
 A'o. 14. — Antiseptic Solution. 
 
 R. — Boric Acid i oz. 
 
 Glycerine 2 oz. 
 
 Boiling Water i pint. 
 
 For external and internal use. 
 
 No. 15. — Antiseptic Solution. 
 
 POISON. 
 
 R. — Bichloride of Mercury .... 8 grains. 
 Alcohol sufficient to dissolve. 
 Water 2 pints. 
 
 Or I Antiseptic Tablet (as supplied by 
 chemists for sut'h purpose), dissolved in two 
 pints of water. 
 
 Useful as a Dressing for wounds of all 
 kinds. 
 
 No. 16. — Alkaline Poivder. 
 R. — Powdered Nitrate of Potassium i part. 
 Powdered Bicarbonate of 
 
 Potassium i part. 
 
 Powdered Bicarbonate of Sodium 2 parts. 
 Powdered Hyposulphite of 
 
 Sodium 2 parts. 
 
 Powdered Gentian Root i part. 
 
 Powdered Aniseed i part. 
 
 Dose Tablespoonful in food. 
 
 Useful as a general condition powder, and 
 diuretic. 
 
 No. 17. — Tonic Powders. 
 R. — Powdered Sulphate of Iron. 2 parts. 
 Powdered Sulphate of Copper i part. 
 
 Powdered Gentian Root 6 parts. 
 
 Powdered Aniseed 4 parts. 
 
 Dose Tablespoonful in food. 
 
 No. 18. — Iodine Poivders. 
 
 R. — Powdered Iodide of Potassium i part. 
 Powdered Bicarbonate of 
 
 Potassium 2 parts. 
 
 Powdered Gentian Root 3 parts. 
 
 Powdered Aniseed 3 parts. 
 
 Dose Tablespoonful in food. 
 
 No. 19. — Tetanus Powders. 
 
 R. — Powdered Bromide of 
 
 Potassium i oz. 
 
 Powdered Dry Tobacco 4 oz. 
 
 Dose Tablespoonful in gruel. 
 
 In the hands of the skilled Veterinarian 
 tlie Antitetanus Serum is the most successful 
 treatment; but the above powder is useful in 
 some cases. 
 
 No. 20. — Iodide of Iron Powders. 
 
 R. — Powdered Sulphate of Iron., i part. 
 
 Powdered Iodide of Potassium. 2 parts. 
 
 Powdered Gentian Root 3 parts. 
 
 Powdered Aniseed 3 parts. 
 
 Dose Tablespoonful in food. 
 
 No. 21. — Inflammatory Medicine. 
 
 R. — Bicarbonate of Potassium... i oz. 
 
 Salicylate of Sodium 4 drams. 
 
 Tinct. of Colchicum 4 drams. 
 
 Tinct. of Aconite 10 drops. 
 
 Spirit of Chloroform i oz. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 8 fl. oz. 
 
 Dose. — 4 fl. oz. with an equal Cjuantity of 
 water. (Tw'o doses.) 
 
PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUGS, INSTRUMENTS, APPLIANCES. 
 
 25 
 
 No. 22 Tonic Fever Medicine. 
 
 R. — Nitrate of Potassium i oz. 
 
 Ciilorate of Potassium J oz. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether 4 oz. 
 
 Tinct. of Aconite 20 drops. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Gentian .... i oz. 
 Water sufficient to make ... i pint. 
 
 Dose. — One-fourth part, or four ounces. 
 Four Doses. 
 
 No. 23. — Purgative Medicine. 
 
 R. — Aloin 2 drams. 
 
 Ginger 2 drams. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 5 drops. 
 
 Make into a ball with soft-soap or molasses. 
 One Dose. 
 
 No. 24. — Purgative Medicine. 
 
 R. — Barbadoes Aloes 5 drams. 
 
 Ginger i dram. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 5 drops. 
 
 Make into a ball with soft .soap. 
 One Dose. 
 
 No. 25. — Purgative Medicine. 
 
 R. — Boil until dis.solved, either of the above 
 XXIII. or XXIV. in one pint of water, 
 with i oz. Bicarbonate of Sodium, and give 
 as a drench, if necessary. (One dose.) 
 
 No. 26. — Anodyne Laxative Medicine. 
 
 R. — Castor Oil i pint. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether i oz. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether i oz. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 10 drops. 
 
 Dose. — for Foal, 2 oz.; for Yearling, 
 4 oz. to 8 oz. ; for Full Aged Horse, 10 oz. 
 to 18 oz. 
 
 No. 27. — Purgative Medicine. 
 
 R. — Calomel 2 drams. 
 
 Aloin 2 drams. 
 
 Powdered Opium 2 drams. 
 
 Common Flour 10 drams. 
 
 Make into a paste with water, and divide 
 into four balls. 
 
 Dose. — One every four hours, and only 
 four doses to be given. 
 
 No. 28. — Anodyne Medicine. 
 
 {General Colic Medicine.) 
 
 Useful in the first stages of all abdominal 
 diseases, associated with pain, and als(j as a 
 general stimulant. Keep in cool place, and 
 away from open light or fire. 
 
 R. — Sulphuric Ether 4 oz. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether 4 oz. 
 
 Tincture of Opium 2 oz. 
 
 Spirit of Chloroform 2 oz. 
 
 Tinct, Aconite 15 drops. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 15 drops. 
 
 Oil of Cloves 15 drops. 
 
 Syrup sufficient to make.... i pint. 
 
 Dose, 4 oz., to be repeated frequently, 
 according to pain. (Four doses will suffice.) 
 
 No. 29. — Anodyne Fever Medicine. 
 (Keep away from light or fire.) 
 R. — Bicarbonate of Potassium.. 8 drams. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium 2 drams. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 2 oz. 
 
 Water 6 oz. 
 
 Dose, 4 oz. (Give two doses.) 
 
 No. 30. — Diarrha'a Medicine. 
 
 Shake well before using. 
 
 R. — Carbonate of Bismuth 2 oz. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Sodium ... 2 oz. 
 
 Prepared Chalk 2 oz. 
 
 Powdered Catechu i oz. 
 
 Powdered Ginger i oz. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether ... 2 oz. 
 
 Tinct. of Opium 2 oz. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint J dram. 
 
 Oil of Aniseed J dram. 
 
 Water sufficient to make... 2 pints. 
 
 Dose. — For Foals, i tablespoonful ; for 
 Yearlings, i oz. ; for Full Aged Horse, 2 
 to 4 ozs. 
 
 To be given every one, two, or three hours, 
 according to severity of attack, until active 
 purging ceases. 
 
 No. 31. — Tonic Medicine. 
 
 R.— Diluted Nitro-Hydro- 
 
 chloric Acid i oz. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Gentian i oz. 
 
 Tinct. of Nux Vomica ... 4 drams. 
 
 Spirit of Chloroform 2 oz. 
 
 Simple Syrup, sufficient to 
 
 make S oz. 
 
 Dose. — Two ozs. in a half-pint of cold 
 water, and only four doses to be given. 
 
 D 
 
26 PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUGS, INSTRUMENTS, APPLIANCES. 
 
 No. 32. — Tonic Medicine. 
 
 R. — Powdered Ginger i oz. 
 
 Powdered Gentian i oz. 
 
 Powdered Nux Vomica ... 2 drams. 
 Aromatic Spirit of 
 
 Ammonia 2 oz. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Etiier ... 2 oz. 
 
 Oil of Cloves 20 drops. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make., i pint. 
 
 Dose, 4 ozs. (I'^our doses suffice.) 
 
 No. ^^. — Fever Medicine. 
 
 R. — Salicylate of Sodium i oz. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium ... J oz. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium, i oz. 
 
 Tinct. of Digitalis 2 oz. 
 
 Tinct. of Aconite 20 drops. 
 
 Spirit of Chloroform 2 oz. 
 
 \Vater sufficient to make., i pint. 
 
 Dose, 4 ozs. (Four drjses suffice.) 
 
 No. 34. — Stimulant Medicine. 
 
 R. — .Aromatic Spirit of 
 
 Ammonia 2 oz. 
 
 Concentrated Solution of 
 
 Acetate of Ammonia.. 2 oz. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether ... 2 oz. 
 
 Water sufficient to make., i pint. 
 
 Dose, 4 ozs. (Four doses suffice.) 
 
 No. 35. — Electuary. 
 
 For Cough, Sore Throat, Laryngitis, Dis- 
 temper, when there is difficulty in swallow- 
 ing, or when it is dangerous to give medicine 
 any other way. 
 
 R. — Powdered Anis-eed 3 oz. 
 
 Powdered Nitrate of 
 
 Potassium 2 oz. 
 
 Powdered Chlorate of 
 
 Potassium i oz. 
 
 Powdered Camphor i oz. 
 
 Powdered Opium 2 drams. 
 
 Powdered Ipecacuanha ... 2 drams. 
 
 Extract of Belladonna ... 1 dram. 
 
 Powdered Digitalis i dram. 
 
 Oil of Creosote, Pure ... 30 drops. 
 
 Molasses of Syrup sufficient to make into 
 a paste. 
 
 Insert one tablespoonful at back of tongue, 
 three or four times a day. 
 
 No. 36. — Inhaling Mi.\t2irc. 
 
 R. — Carbolic Acid, Pure 2 oz. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 2 oz. 
 
 Chloroform 2 oz. 
 
 Comp. Tincture of Benzoin i oz. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus i oz. 
 
 To one tablespoonful of this mixture add 
 boiling water, and hold under animal's 
 nostrils, so that it can breathe the vaporized 
 ingredients. Repeat every half-hour or hour 
 according to symptoms, so long as breathing 
 is bad. 
 
 No. 37. — External Dressing for Canker. 
 
 R. — Powdered Sulphate of 
 
 Zinc 2 oz. 
 
 Powdered Sulphate of 
 
 Copper I oz. 
 
 Nitric Acid 4 drams. 
 
 Pine Tar i lb. 
 
 Mix the acids and tar carefully together, 
 add gradually the sulphates of copper and 
 zinc. (Vse a capacious vessel while com- 
 pounding.) 
 
 No. 38. — Special Antiseptic Ointment. 
 
 For obstinate sores, ulcers, saddlegalls, etc. 
 
 R. — Boric Acid 4 parts. 
 
 Aristol 2 parts. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus i part. 
 
 Castor Oil 2 parts. 
 
 White \A^ax 2 parts. 
 
 Melt the Castor Oil and Wax together. 
 Then stir in the Eucalyptus. Mix the Boric 
 Acid with the Aristol. Add sufficient of the 
 latter to make a firm paste, mixing well. 
 
 No. 39. — Paste for Reduction of 
 Inflammation. 
 
 R.— Fuller's Earth i lb. 
 
 Boric Acid i oz. 
 
 Glycerine, sufficient to make a soft paste. 
 
 Useful in the reduction of all local inflam- 
 mations. 
 
 Apply half-inch thick over affected part; 
 over the paste place cotton wool one inch 
 thick, and secure with tight bandage. Renew 
 once every 24 hours. 
 
 Unless otherwise indicated, the doses, as 
 given in the above prescriptions, are calcula- 
 ted for a full-aged horse weighing 1,000 lbs., 
 and should be reduced or increased in amount 
 according to age, size, and condition, in each 
 other case. 
 
PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUGS, INSTRUMENTS, APPLIANCES. 27 
 
 B. — List of medicines and drugs and other 
 requisites advisable to be ivept on hand for 
 a stud of 50 horses: — 
 
 P.p. No. III. — White Embrocation 2 quarts. 
 
 ,, No. IV^ — Iodine Liniment ... 2 pints. 
 
 ,, No. V. — Anodyne Liniment., i pint. 
 
 ,, No. VI. — Blistering Ointment 4 oz. 
 
 ,, No. VII.— Strong Bg. ,, 4 oz. 
 
 ,, No. IX. — Mercurial Blister ... 4 oz. 
 
 ,, No. X. — Antiseptic Ointment 8 oz. 
 
 ,, No. XI. — Hoof Ointment ... 7 lbs. 
 
 ,, No. XVI.— Alkaline Powders 7 lbs. 
 
 ,, No. XVII. — Tonic Powders.. 2 lbs. 
 
 ,, No. XXI. — Inflammation 
 
 ;\ledicine 1 quart. 
 
 ,, No. XXIf. — Tonic Fever 
 
 .Medicine 2 quarts. 
 
 ,, No. XXIIL— Purgative 
 
 Medicine 6 doses. 
 
 ,, No.XXIW — Purgative 
 
 ]\Iedicine 6 doses. 
 
 ,, No. XXVI. — Laxative 
 
 Medicine 2 pints. 
 
 ,, No. XX\T I.— Purgative 
 
 Medicine 16 doses. 
 
 ,, No. XXVIIL-^Anodyne 
 
 Medicine i gallon. 
 
 ,, No. XXX Diarrhoea 
 
 Medicine J gallon. 
 
 ,, No. XXXI. — Tonic Medicine i quart. 
 
 ,, No. XXXII. — Tonic ,, i quart. 
 
 ,, No. XXXIII. — Lexer ,, 1 c|uart. 
 
 ,, No. XXXV. — Electuary 2 lbs. 
 
 ,, No. XXXVIII.— Antiseptic 
 
 Ointment i lb. 
 
 ,, No. XXXIX. — Paste 2 lbs. 
 
 when required f(jr making up the remaining 
 prescriptions. 
 
 Camphor in glass stoppered 
 
 bottle or jar 2 lbs. 
 
 Strong Solution of Ammonia 1 lb. 
 
 Alcohol 4 pints, 
 
 Goulard's Extract of Lead ... 2 pints. 
 
 Tincture of Arnica r pint. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite i pint. 
 
 Glycerine 8 lbs. 
 
 Acetate of Lead (powdered)., i lb. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc h lb. 
 
 Pure Creosote 2 oz. 
 
 Lanoline 4 oz. 
 
 Benzoated Lard 2 lbs. 
 
 Carbolic Acid (pure) i lb. 
 
 Boric Acid i lb. 
 
 Bichloride of Mercury 1 oz. 
 
 Antiseptic Tablets 2 bottles. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium i lb. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Potassium 4 lbs. 
 
 Bromide of Potassium i lb. 
 
 Gentian Root (powdered) .... 2 lbs. 
 
 Aniseed (powdered) 2 lbs. 
 
 Sulphate of Iron (Powdered)., i lb. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 2 lbs. 
 
 Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia.. 1 pint. 
 Concentrated Sol. of Acetate of 
 
 Ammonium i pint. 
 
 Spirit of Nitrous Ether i pint. 
 
 Chloroform i pint. 
 
 Oil of Eucalyptus 1 pint. 
 
 N(jvocain, the best local 
 
 .\n;esthetic 4 "z. 
 
 While travelling with horses, the following .V pair of scales with apothecary's weights 
 
 prescriptions, hereinbefcjre gi\-en, will be to one pound, 
 found most useful to have in stock. Nos. i, 
 
 3, 13, 16, 21, 22, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35 and Three graduated glass measures: i oz., 
 
 39, and during short journeys those can be 4 oz., i pint, 
 cut down to Nos. i, 16, 22, 26, 28, t,j,, 35 
 
 and 39. One pe.stle and mortar of 
 ■ at the top. 
 
 8 inch diameter 
 
 In addition to the above prescriptions, the One porcelain square for mixini 
 
 following drugs should Idc kept readv to use, least one spatula. 
 
 and at 
 
■28 PRESCRIPTIONS, DRUGS, INSTRUMENTS, APPLIANCES. 
 List of Surgical Instruments and Appliances, 
 
 Necessary for Ordinary and Simple Operations, 
 
 I Doz. Assorted Surgical Needles. 
 3 Packets Assorted Surgical Silk Thread. 
 I Bottle of Catgut Ligatures. 
 I Reel Medium-sized Silver Thread. 
 I lb. Absorbent Cotton. 
 
 3 Rolls Surgical Linen Handage, 4 inches 
 wide, and 4 ft. long. 
 
 I Drawing Knife. 
 
 3 Ordinary Dissecting Knives. 
 
 I Abscess Knife. 
 
 I Dissecting Forceps. 
 
 6 Artery Forceps. 
 
 I Pair Surgical Scissors, curved and blunt- 
 pointed. 
 
 Shackles for Casting, and Chloroform Caps 
 for giving Chloroform or A. C. E. Mixture; 
 but these are only to be used by the 
 veterinarian. 
 
 2 Lancets, full size. 
 I Bleeding Lancet. 
 
 I Setoning Needle, and tape. 
 I Trephine, f-inch diameter. 
 I Plated Tracheotomy Tube. 
 I Male Catheter. 
 I Female Catheter. 
 
 1 Choking Probang. 
 
 3 Firing Irons. 
 
 2 Puncture Firing Irons. 
 
 1 Tooth Rasp. 
 
 2 Hypodermic Syringes. 
 
 2 Clinical Thermometers. 
 
 Bandages, Rolls of Lint and Cotton-wool, 
 both plain and antiseptic. 
 
CHARTS. 
 
29 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 DISEASES OF BRAIN 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 BAD SANITATION. 
 
 BADLY REGULATED FOOD 
 AND WORK. 
 
 EXPOSURE TO EXTREMES 
 OF HEAT AND COLD. 
 
 TUMORS OR ABSCESSES IN 
 BRAIN. 
 
 EXCITABLE MOVEMENTS, 
 WITH LOSS OF SENSE, OR 
 POWER OF PERFECT 
 LOCOMOTION. THE NOR- 
 MAL CONDITION OF THE 
 PUPILS IS SOMETIMES 
 ALTERED; AS ALSO IS 
 THEIR REACTION TO 
 LIGHT. 
 
 IN EARLY STAGES, FREE 
 AND COPIOUS BLEEDING 
 FRO.M THE JUGULAR 
 VEIN IN ALL ACUTE 
 CASES OF BRAIN DIS- 
 EASE, FOLLOWED BY 
 HOT FOMENTATION TO 
 HEAD, AND FOUR DOSES 
 OF PURGATIVE MEDI- 
 CINE XXVII. IN SECOND 
 STAGES ICE OR COLD 
 WATER APPLICATIONS TO 
 HEAD AND TONIC STIMU- 
 LANT MEDICINE XXXII. 
 THREE TIMES A DAY. IN 
 SPINAL DISEASE DO NOT 
 BLEED. APPLY COLD 
 APPLICATIONS TO SPINE, 
 FOLLOWED BY BLISTER 
 VII. TO LOIN AND POLL, 
 AND MEDICINE XXXII. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF BRAIN 
 (MAD STAGGERS). 
 
 CONGESTION OF BRAIN 
 (MEGRIMS: SUNSTROKE). 
 
 1 
 
 INJURIES. 
 
 J 
 
 CEREBRAL APOPLEXY. 
 
 ANIMAL, A'EGETABLE, AND 
 MINERAL POISONS. 
 
 CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE 
 
 CHOREA (THE ONLY MANI- 
 FESTATION OF THIS 
 DISEASE WE NEED 
 SPEAK OF HERE IS 
 STRINGHALT). 
 
 HEART OR BLOOD 
 VESSELS. 
 
 A SEQUEL OF OTHER 
 DISEASES. 
 
 INFLA.M.MATION OF SPINAL 
 CORD. 
 
 ATMOSPHERIC 
 
 CONDITIONS 
 
 HEREDITY. 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL 
 
 MENINGITIS. 
 
 
 
 
 
30 
 
 AND NERVOUS SYSTEM, 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Direct injury to brain. Alteration 
 in quality of blood supph- to brain 
 from overfeeding or presence of 
 poisonous elements. 
 
 Violent movements. Convulsions and 
 delirium. Pupils in early stages con- 
 tracted, later dilated. Loss of sense. 
 No response to restraint. Constipation. 
 High temperature. Rapid pulse. 
 
 Bleed from jugular vein until the pulse shows 
 marked softening. Give four doses of 
 Medicine XXVIl., one every four hours. 
 Apply hot cloths to head frequently. Give 
 four drams bromide of potash in water 
 three times a day. Also twenty drops of tinc- 
 ture of belladonna, and five drops of tincture 
 of aconite every three hours. If acute 
 symptoms abate, u.se Medicine XVIII. In con- 
 valescence Medicine XXXII. 
 
 Mechanical interference with normal 
 blood supply to the brain. Tumors. 
 Disease of blood vessels. Extreme 
 heat. 
 
 Attacks of vertigo, staggering and falling, 
 Convulsive movement of limbs. Eye 
 staring. Cold skin and extremities. 
 Either rapid recovery or coma and death. 
 Pulse slow. Temperature normal in 
 megrims, but rises as a rule to a great 
 height in sunstroke. 
 
 Remove any mechanical obstructions causing 
 congestion. Apply cold water on head. If horse 
 be not quickly relieved, bleed from jugular 
 vein, and give tincture of aconite, 10 drop 
 doses, every hour until consciousness returns. 
 When congestion is the result of heat or sun 
 stroke, do not bleed, but use Medicine XXXIV. 
 Apply friction and mustard in water to limbs 
 to restore circulation. In convalescence use 
 Ton. XVIII. 
 
 Degeneration of blood vessels of 
 brain, and excessive blood supply. 
 Excitement and exposure to 
 extremes of heat or cold. 
 
 Sudden loss of sensation and motion. 
 Coma and stertorous breathing. Tem- 
 perature and pulse normal. Symptoms 
 of congestion persistently exaggerated. 
 
 Keep animal quiet. In these cases do not bleed. 
 Give two drams of bromide of potassium dis- 
 solved in one pint of water every two hours. 
 Blister the poll with Ointment No. VIII. If 
 acute symptoms should abate, give two drams 
 I'f iodide of potash in water daily. In con- 
 valescence give Medicine No. XXXI. 
 
 Direct pressure on nerve or imperfect 
 blood supply to nerve, or to motor 
 centre. 
 
 Insufficient control of muscles of hind leg. 
 Characteristic jerking of limb towards 
 the body on movement. 
 
 Treatment has been found of little good. In 
 early stage one dram of iodide of iron and one 
 half a dram of powdered nux vomica in food 
 once a day may be beneficial. 
 
 Exhaustion, exposure, injury, and 
 blood poisoning. 
 
 Rise in temperature followed by convulsive 
 movements of limbs, and tot- 1 or partial 
 paralysis. High temperature and 
 normal cpiality of urine distinguish this 
 di.sease from azoturia. 
 
 Ice applications to spine. One dram fluid-extract 
 of l)elladonna every few hours until pupil of 
 eye is dilated. Then give two drams each of 
 bromide and iodide of potash every four 
 hours. In great pain give as required four 
 doses of Anodyne Medicine XXVIII. In con- 
 valescence give Tonic iledicino XX. 
 
 Badly ventilated stables. Tubercu- 
 losis, influenza, or other disease. 
 Vegetable poisons in food. 
 
 Partial or total inability to swallow, 
 coupled with staggering gait. High 
 fever. Partial paralysis, ending fre- 
 quently in coma, delirium, and death. 
 
 Treatment is hopeless when there is total 
 inalnlity to swallow. In mild cases give four 
 doses of Medicine XXVII. Follow with one 
 dram of tincture of belladonna, alternated 
 every three hours with ten drops tincture of 
 aconite for twenty-four hours. Apply Blister 
 VII. to throat and spine. Change position of 
 patient twice a day. Use the catheter, if 
 necessary. When acute symptoms abate, give 
 Tonic Stimulant XXXII. Support with slings, 
 if necessary. During convalescence, give 
 Tonic XX. ' 
 
31 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 DISEASES OF 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 INJURIES. 
 
 BAD SANITATION. 
 
 SWAMPY PASTURES. 
 
 INNUTRITIOUS FOOD. 
 
 HEREDITY. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 IMPERFECT SIGHT, EVI- 
 DENCED BY SHYING. 
 ALTERATION OF THE 
 STRUCTURE OF THE EYE, 
 BETTER SEEN WITH THE 
 AID OF ARTICIFIAL 
 LIGHT IN DARK STABLE. 
 
 General Treatment. Specified Diseases 
 
 LOCAL FOMENTATION WITH 
 HOT INFUSION OF POPPY 
 HEADS IN ACUTE STAGES, 
 FOLLOWED BY COLD 
 APPLICATIONS IN 
 CHRONIC STAGES. IN- 
 TERNALLY GIVE POW- 
 DER XVI. TWICE A DAY. 
 EXCLUDE LIGHT AS FAR 
 AS POSSIBLE. 
 
 CON.IUNCTIVITIS (INFLAM- 
 MATION OF CONJUNC- 
 TIVA). 
 
 OPHTHALMIA (INFLAMMA- 
 TION OF INTERNAL EYE). 
 
 OPACITY OF CORNEA. 
 
 CATARACTS. 
 
 FILARIA OCULI (WORM IN 
 EYE). 
 
 AMAUROSIS (GL.\SS EYE) 
 
3^ 
 
 THE EVE. 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Blows or other injuries. Dust or 
 other irritants. Exposure, or as 
 result of influenza. 
 
 Intense redness of lining membrane, with 
 weeping, swollen lids, general whiteness 
 of the external coat of the eye. Vision 
 painful, but not destroyed. 
 
 Bathe eyes frequently with warm infusion of 
 poppy-heads, and apply with camel hair 
 brush, or clean feather, three times a day, 
 a few drops of solution of adrenalin chloride, 
 one part to one thousand of water. Give 
 daily in food, two drams nitrate of potash. 
 
 Swampy malarial land. Insanitary 
 stables. Severe injuries. Heredity. 
 
 Whole structure of eye attacked. Extreme 
 sensitiveness to light. Complete opacity, 
 with red streaks across the eye. Attacks 
 recurrent, each leaving more opacity. 
 
 Give daily in food two ounces phosphate of soda 
 and 10 grains calomel, with -30 grains bicar- 
 bonate of soda. Bathe eyes frequently with 
 hot water, or infusion of poppy-heads, and 
 apply freely at intervals a lotion of sulphate 
 of zinc 5 grains, acetate of lead 5 grains, to 
 each ounce of water. Apply with a camel hair 
 brush three times a day to the eye itself a 
 solution of sulphate of atropine (i grains to 
 each ounce of water). 
 
 After effects of conjunctivitis or 
 of low fevers or injuries. 
 
 Partial or complete cloudiness of outer 
 coat of eye. Vision incomplete. 
 
 Apply carefully with camel hair brush once daily 
 to the cloudiness on the eye a solution of 
 nitrate of silver 2 grains, in distilled water 
 one ounce. 
 
 Ophthalmia. 
 
 General cloudiness or a single speck in the 
 lens of eye. Vision imperfect or blind- 
 ness total, depending upon the extent of 
 the disease. 
 
 Only relieved by removal of lens, which leaves 
 imperfect vision, and therefore the operation 
 is valueless in the horse. Sometimes the 
 growth of cataracts can be checked by alter- 
 nate daily doses of calomel 30 grains, and 
 iodide of potash 60 grains. 
 
 Presence of the Parasite, Filaria- 
 Papillosa, in the eye. 
 
 A floating thread seen in the water of the 
 anterior chamber of the eye. Imperfect 
 vision, with final obscurity. 
 
 Only relieved by removal through an incision 
 at the upper end of the cornea of the eye. 
 
 Injury to optic nerve, tumor in 
 brain, excessive weakness from any 
 cause. 
 
 Glassy appearance of eyes. No apparent 
 cliange of structures. Pupils dilated, 
 and do not contract on exposure to 
 light. Total blindness. 
 
 When due to complete paralysis of the optic nerve, 
 no treatemnt is of avail. If only partial 
 or temporary paralysis exists, advise complete 
 rest and half a dram of powdered nux vomica 
 and two ounces of powdered i)hosphate of 
 soda once daily. 
 
33 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 DISEASES OF 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 IMPROPER 
 FEEDING. 
 
 FOOD AND 
 
 H.\RD WATER. 
 
 POISONS. 
 
 INJURIES. 
 
 INCREASE OF SALIVA, 
 MORE OR LESS DIFFI- 
 CULTY IN MASTICATION 
 A N D SWALLOWING. 
 
 GENERAL UNTHRIFTI- 
 NESS. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 WASH MOUTH FREQUENTLY 
 WITH SOLUTION MADE 
 BY DISSOLVING loz. ALUM 
 AND loz. BORIC ACID IN 
 ONE PINT OF BOILING 
 W.A.TER. GIVE 1 OUNCE 
 POWDER No. XVI. ONCE 
 OR TWICE DAILY IN 
 FOOD. IF THERE BE 
 MUCH FEVER, GIVE ONE 
 DOSE OF MEDICINE No. 
 XXVI., FOLLOWED BY 
 TWO DOSES OF No. XXL, 
 AT INTERVALS. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 DISORDERS OF THE TEETH. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF MOUTH, 
 GUMS, TONGUE. 
 
 PHARYNGITIS. INFLAMMA- 
 TION OF THROAT. 
 
 PARALYSIS OF THROAT. 
 
 CHOKING. 
 
34 
 
 MOUTH AND THROAT, 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Deformity. Impurities in food. 
 Sequel of Debilitating Disease. 
 
 Pain on pressure to outside of moutli along 
 the course of the molar teeth. Quidding 
 of food. Lacerated mouth or tongue. 
 Sharp edges of molar teeth. Uneven 
 projection of teeth. Foul breath. 
 
 File down the sharp edge of outer side of upper 
 and inner edge of lower molars. Cut off and 
 file down any portions of pi'ojecting teeth which 
 interfere with perfect apposition. Extract 
 decayed teeth. Wash mouth with Lotion 
 No. "XIV. 
 
 Mouldy food. Foxtail grass. Irregu- 
 larity in feeding. Teething. 
 
 Redness of lining membrane and heat of 
 mouth. More or less general soreness. 
 Unnatural tiow of saliva. 
 
 No burning or cutting for so-called "Lampas" 
 i.s necessary. Wash out mouth two or three 
 times a day with solution of one ounce boric 
 acid and one ounce of alum to one quart of 
 water, and give daily in drinking water two 
 drams of chlorate of potash. Linseed and 
 bran with other food. 
 
 Injuries. Damp. Foul stable. Im- 
 perfect ventilation. Exposure to 
 cold and wet. Catarrhal affections. 
 
 Ditiiculty and disinclination to swallow. 
 Pain on pressure outside throat, with 
 some swelling. Stiffness of muscles 
 around throat. Cough. 
 
 Rub outside of throat with liniment No. 2. Fec<l 
 on soft diet. Give twice daily in food four 
 drams of hyposulphite of soda and Tonic 
 Medicine XXII. 
 
 Various. 
 
 Total inability to swallow. No pain or 
 swelling. Gradual emaciation. 
 
 Blister throat with Oint. No. VII. Use Medi- 
 cine No. XXXV. three times a day. Wasli 
 mouth frequently with solution of boras. 
 Thin linseed and oatmeal gruel should always 
 be supplied. 
 
 Improper feeding. Bolting of the 
 food. 
 
 Great distress. Frequent cough. E.xces- 
 sive flow of saliva. Flatulence. Visible 
 evidence of the obstruction sometimes 
 exists in the neck. Frequent arching 
 of the neck, and attempt to vomit, with 
 occasional shrieking. Ejection of water, 
 or water and food, through nostrils 
 after attempt to swallow. 
 
 First attempt removal of obstruction lay liand 
 and by rubbing neck with oil. If this fails, 
 pass the probang into the stomach. After 
 relief, feed on loose diet for a few days, and 
 give one pint of olive oil. 
 
35 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 DISEASES OF 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 INDIGESTION. 
 
 DISEASE OF OTHER 
 
 ORGANS. 
 
 SrEClFIC BLOOD POISON. 
 
 PARASITES. 
 
 MlNERAi. POISONS. 
 
 IMPURE WATER. 
 
 LOCAL BLISTERING OR 
 SCALDING. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 LOCAL SWELLING, ERUP- 
 TION OF SPOTS. SORES, 
 WITH MORE OR LESS 
 IRRITATION. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 APPLICATION OF LOTION 
 No. VI., OR OINTMENTS 
 Nos. X. AND XII., WITH 
 POWDER No. XVI. ONCE 
 A DAY IN FOOD. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 NETTLE RASH (URTICARIA). 
 
 MUD FEVER (ERYTHEMA). 
 
 WARTS. 
 
 ECZEMA. 
 
 PSORIASIS. 
 
 SCABIES, ITCH OR MANGE. 
 
36 
 
 THE SKIN. 
 
 Special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Acidity of Blood. Indigestion. 
 
 Sudden local swellings in spots in any 
 part of the body, especially the head, 
 neck, or thighs, sometimes causing very 
 extensive and serious swelling of head. 
 Intense itching. 
 
 If swelling be very extensive, bleed freely from 
 jugular vein. Give four doses of Medicine 
 No. XXVII., and Medicine No. XXI. every 
 two hours for sis doses, followed by Powders 
 No. XVI. twice a day. 
 
 Effect of irritating mud during expo- 
 sure to wet weather. 
 
 Severe inflammation of skin of legs, and 
 under surface of body, producing 
 extreme sensitiveness and heat, followed 
 by scaling of outer skin and loss of 
 hair. 
 
 Bathe affected parts five minutes with hot water, 
 five minutes with cold water, and five minutes 
 with tepid water. Dry thoroughly with soft 
 cloth, and apply Lotion No. VI. When dry, 
 apply Oint. X., and bandage legs. Repeat 
 dressing once, or if very bad, twice a day. 
 Give Powders No. XVI. twice a day. 
 
 Probably due to some alteration of 
 the blood. 
 
 Round fibrous tumors of varying size 
 immediately under or in the skin, 
 appearing in any part of the body, 
 usually detached from the underlying 
 structures. 
 
 Can usually be removed with thumb and finger, 
 but occasionally require tlie knife. After 
 removal dress with solution No. XIII. If very 
 minute in size, dress twice daily with a 
 mixture of acetic acid one part, water three 
 parts. Internally, a dose of sulphate of 
 magnesium may be given in the drinking 
 water daily. 
 
 Injudicious feeding. May be due to 
 a parasitic growth. 
 
 Small vesicles or blebs, which afterwards 
 form scabs, most commonly on the neck, 
 shoulders, sides, and insides of thighs. 
 
 Commence witli a dose of -3 or 4 drams of aloes, 
 feed for three days on bran mashes and warm 
 water, resting during the time. Locally the 
 Compound Ointment of Petroleum may be 
 applied. Give Prescription No. XVI. once 
 daily. 
 
 Over-feeding. Heredity. 
 
 Scaly condition of skin behind knees 
 (Mallenders) and of skin on hocks (Sal- 
 lenders). 
 
 Laxative and restricted diet. Moderate cathartic 
 dose. Remove scales with warm water or 
 poultice, and then apply ointment composed 
 of half-dram chrysophanic acid to each ounce 
 benzoated lard. Give internally 2 drams of 
 Fowler's Solution, with 6 drachms of bicar- 
 Ijonate of potassium, twice daily in the drink- 
 ing water for a fortnight or three weeks. 
 
 Presence in skin of the mange insect, 
 viz., the Dermatodectes equi, the 
 Sarcoptes equi, or the Symbiotes 
 equi. 
 
 Constant rubbing and scratching. Loss of 
 hair. Skin inflamed and sore in 
 affected parts. Presence of parasite. 
 
 A thorough application to all affected parts of 
 compound sulphur oint., or sulphur oint. 
 eight parts, and creoline one part, daily. Wash 
 skin every three days with carbolic acid soap. 
 
37 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 IRREGULAR OR 
 
 EXCESSIVE FEEDING. 
 
 I N I) I G E S T I B L E R 
 
 UXSUITABLE FOOD. 
 
 FOOD MIXED WITH DIRT, 
 MOULD, OR POISON. 
 
 OVERLOADING STOMACH 
 WHEN EXHAUSTED. 
 
 OVERWORKING SOON 
 
 AFTER EATING. 
 
 CHILL DURING DIGESTION. 
 
 CHILL AFTER OVERWORK. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 ABDOMINAL PAIN OF MORE 
 OR LESS SEVERITY, EVI- 
 DENCED BY LYING DOWN 
 AND QUICKLY GETTING 
 UP AGAIN, REPEATED 
 FREQUENTLY, ROLLING 
 OVER, KICKING AT THE 
 BODY, LOOKING AT 
 F L A N K S, SOMETIMES 
 WITH SHORT PERIODS OF 
 EASE. 
 
 PULSE RAPID DURING 
 PAROXYSMS. TEMPERA- 
 TURE GENERALLY NOR- 
 MAL. 
 
 General Treatment. Specified Diseases. 
 
 IN ALL CASES OF ABDO- 
 MINAL PAIN GIVE AT 
 ONCE, IN ONE HALF-PINT 
 OF COLD WATER, FOUR 
 OUNCES OF ANODYNE 
 MEDICINE XXVIII., AND 
 REPEAT EVERY ONE- 
 HALF OR WHOLE HOUR, 
 ACCORDING TO SEVERITY 
 OF SYMPTOMS, UNTIL 
 PAIN CEASES. 
 
 APPLY TO BODY OR THROW 
 OVER THE BODY, WHEN 
 DOWN, BLANKETS 
 STEEPED IN NEARLY 
 BOILING WATER AND 
 WELL WRUNG OUT. 
 
 FAILING HOT WATER, 
 APPLY ONE POUND OF 
 MUSTARD TO BODY IN 
 FORM OF PASTE, OR 
 APPLY FREELY LINIMENT 
 No. 1. HAND-RUB LEGS 
 AND EARS. 
 
 GIVE ONE DOSE OF PURGA- 
 TIVE MEDICINE No. XXVI. 
 AND FREQUENT 
 
 ENE.MATA OF WARM 
 WATER. 
 
 IF FLATULENCE IS PRE- 
 SENT, GIVE ALSO ONE 
 OUNCE OF BICAliBONATE 
 OF SODA IN WARM WATER 
 EVERY HOUR. 
 
 TAKE AWAY ALL FOOD 
 DURING THE ATTACK. 
 
 ALLOW FREE ACCESS TO 
 WATER. GIVE LOOSE 
 DIET DURING RECOVERY. 
 
 IMPACTION OF STOMACH 
 AND FLATULENCE. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF 
 
 STOMACH: GASTRITIS. 
 
 SPASMODIC COLIC. 
 
 FLATULENT COLIC. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF BOWELS 
 ( E N T 1-: R I T I S ) A N D 
 ENTERIC APOPLEXY. 
 
 IMPACTION OF 
 INTESTINE. 
 
 LARGE 
 
 MECHANICAL STOPPAGE IN 
 BOWELS. 
 
38 
 
 DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Acute indigostion, over-feeding, or 
 injudicious feeding. 
 
 Very acute pain. Body much distended. 
 No intervals of ease. Highly distressed 
 countenance. Attemjits to vomit. Pulse 
 continuously rapid, small, and weak. 
 Temp, normal. 
 
 To general treatment add Purgative Medicine 
 No. XXVII., one dose every two hours for four 
 doses. Also give two drams of sulpho-carbolate 
 of soda in four ounces of water every hour 
 for four hours. 
 
 Irritant poisons. Cold or exposure. 
 Over-feeding with wheat or barley. 
 
 Very acute pain with no distention. No 
 intervals of ease. Constant pawing of 
 fore legs. Injected eyes. Cold sweats. 
 Pulse rapid, wiry and di.stinct at first, 
 but failing gradually. Temp, slightly 
 raised. 
 
 If due to arsenical poisoning, see treatment for 
 same. If from other causes, give»one ounce 
 sub-nitrate of bismuth with Anodyne Medicine 
 No. XXVIII., and follow general treatment. 
 Diet should consist of oatmeal gruel. 
 
 Large quantity of cold water when 
 exhausted. Indigestible food. 
 Overwork. Irregular work. 
 
 Very acute pain with no distention. Inter- 
 vals of complete ease. No injection of 
 eyes. Pulse rapid, but strong and full 
 during pain. Normal during intervals 
 of ease. Temp, normal. 
 
 In ver)- severe cases add one ounce of sulphuric 
 ether and one-half dram chloroform to each 
 do.se of anodyne medicine, or inject hypoder- 
 mically two grains hydrochloride of morphine 
 and repeat if necessary in one hour. 
 
 Indigestion. Overwork during 
 digestion. Bad food. 
 
 Acute pain with distention. Intervals of 
 partial ease. Temp, normal. 
 
 Add two drams sulpho-carbolate of soda to each 
 dose of anodyne medicine, and, if case is very 
 severe, use hypodermic injection of morphine, 
 as above. 
 
 Stoppage, injuries, poisons. Sudden 
 chill in plethoric animals. 
 
 Very acute pain with active and increasing 
 intensity. Highly injected eyes. Cold 
 extremities. Pulse rapid, and full at 
 start, gradually becoming thready and 
 indistinct. Temp, slightly raised. 
 
 Inject hypodermically one grain of hydro- 
 chloride of morphine once every hour until 
 severity of pain subsides, if general treatment 
 fails. During convalescence give two ounces 
 daily of phosphate of soda in food. 
 
 Over-feeding. Bad hay. Lack of 
 water. Chronic inaction of the 
 liver. 
 
 Moderate pain, with intervals of ease, 
 slowly increasing in intensity. Pulse 
 at first slow, gradually rising. Temp, 
 very slightly raised. Body tense, but 
 not flatulent in early stages. 
 
 Repeated enemata of warm water. If no relief 
 is obtained in twelve hours with general treat- 
 ment, give four doses of Medicine No. XXVII., 
 and suljstitute Anodyne Medicine No. XXIX. 
 
 Twisted bowels due to colic. Calculus 
 in intestine. Hernia and intus- 
 susception of bowel. 
 
 Moderate pain at first, increasing regu- 
 larly every hour. No intervals of ease. 
 Sitting on haunches, and assuming other 
 peculiar attitudes. Cold sweats and 
 tremors. Pulse uniformly increasing 
 every hour until very rapid and indis- 
 tinct. Temp, rising slowly. 
 
 No treatment will be of any use except surgical 
 operation, which is impracticable in the horse. 
 Hypodermic injection of morphine may relieve 
 pain, and in cases of less gravity cathartics, 
 coupled with enemata, may sometimes succeed. 
 
39 
 
 PLATE v.— continued. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE 
 
 General Causes 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 I R R E G U L A It OR 
 
 EXCESSIVE FEEDING. 
 
 INDIGESTIBLE OR 
 
 UNSUITABLE FOOD. 
 
 FOOD MIXED WITH DIRT, 
 MOULD, OR POISON. 
 
 OVERLOADING STOMACH 
 WHEN EXHAUSTED. 
 
 OVERWORKING SOON 
 
 AFTER EATING. 
 
 CHILL DURING DIGESTION. 
 
 CHILL AFTER OVERWORK. 
 
 ABDOMINAL PAIN OF MORE 
 OR LESS SEVERITY, EVI- 
 DENCED BY LYING DOWN 
 AND QUICKLY GETTING 
 UP AGAIN, REPEATED 
 FREQUENTLY, ROLLING 
 OVER, KICKING AT THE 
 BODY, LOOKING AT 
 FLANKS, SOMETIMES 
 WITH SHORT PERIODS OF 
 EASE. 
 
 PULSE RAPID DURING 
 PAROXYSMS. TEMPERA- 
 TURE GENERALLY NOR- 
 MAL. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 IN ALL CASES OF ABDO- 
 MINAL PAIN GIVE AT 
 ONCE, IN ONE HALF-PINT 
 OF COLD WATER, FOUR 
 OUNCES OF ANODYNE 
 MEDICINE XXVIII., AND 
 REPEAT EVERY ONE- 
 HALF OR WHOLE HOUR, 
 ACCORDING TO SEVERITY 
 OF SYMPTOMS, UNTIL 
 PAIN CEASES. 
 
 APPLY TO BODY OR THROW 
 OVER THE BODY, WHEN 
 DOWN, BLANKETS 
 STEEPED IN NEARLY 
 BOILING WATER AND 
 WELL WRUNG OUT. 
 
 FAILING HOT WATER, 
 APPLY ONE POUND OF 
 MUSTARD TO BODY IN 
 FORM OF PASTE, OR 
 APPLY FREELY LINIMENT 
 No. 1. HAND-RUB LEGS 
 AND EARS. 
 
 GIVE ONE DOSE OF PURGA- 
 TIVE MEDICINE No. XXVI. 
 AND FREQUENT 
 
 ENEMATA OF WARM 
 WATER. 
 
 IF FL.\.TULENCE IS PRE- 
 SENT, GIVE ALSO ONE 
 OUNCE OF BICARBONATE 
 OF SODA IN WARM WATER 
 EVERY HOUR. 
 
 TAKE AWAY ALL FOOD 
 DURING THE ATTACK. 
 
 ALLOW FREE ACCESS TO 
 WATER. GIVE LOOSE 
 DIET DURING RECOVERY. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 PERITONITIS. 
 
 DIARRHCEA AND 
 
 DYSENTERY. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF LIVER. 
 
 CONGESTION OF LIVER 
 (JAUNDICE), THOUGH 
 JAUNDICE MAY BE ASSO- 
 CIATED WITH OTHER 
 CONDITIONS ALSO. 
 
40 
 
 DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 
 
 Special Causes. 
 
 special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Injuries. Rupture of stomach, intes- 
 tines, diaphragm, or liver. Expo- 
 sure to cold and wet. 
 
 Very acute pain. No intervals of ease. 
 Highly injected eyes. Very cold ex- 
 tremities. When due to rupture, pallid 
 mouth and cold sweats. Pulse hard and 
 wiry at first, rapidly becoming feeble 
 and indistinct. Temi^. sometimes sub- 
 normal. 
 
 Give four doses of Medicine No. XXVIL, and 
 hypodermic injection of morphine twice, 
 followed by four ounces of Anodyne Medicine 
 No. XXIX. every four hours, until the urgent 
 symptoms are relieved. 
 
 Cold or catarrh of lining membrane 
 of intestinal tract. Poison. Bad 
 food. 
 
 Superpurgation, followed by mucous and 
 bloody discharges. Moderate pain at 
 intervals. Cold legs and ears. Pulse 
 hard, small, and slightly increased. 
 Temp, normal. 
 
 At first give one dose of Medicine No. XXVI., 
 followed with Medicine No. XXX., according 
 to directions in prescription. Ipecacuanha is 
 very useful in some forms of dysentery. 
 
 Over-feeding. Irrea:ular exercise. 
 Chills. 
 
 Sliglit pain. Lameness of riglit shoulder. 
 Orange and red injection of eyes. Pain 
 on pressure to right side. Pulse full, 
 hard, strong, and rapid. Temp, raised. 
 Loss of appetite. 
 
 Blister right side with Ointment No. VII. Give 
 two drams of calomel and two drams of aloin, 
 and 20 drops of oil of peppermint, made into 
 a ball. Follow with four ounces of phosphate 
 of soda in one pint of hot water, twice daily 
 for three days. Afterwards give Tonic 
 Medicine No. XXXI. twice a day for two days. 
 
 Biliary calculi. Catarrh of bile 
 ducts. Over-feeding. 
 
 No pain. Dull listless appearance. Ex- 
 treme yellowness of eyes and mouth. 
 Pulse full, .soft, and slightly raised. 
 Temp, normal. 
 
 Four ounces of phosphate of soda in one pint of 
 hot water, twice a day until natural colour 
 is restored. Afterwards the Tonic Medicine 
 No. XXXI. twice daily for two days. Apply 
 mustard to riglit side. 
 
41 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 CHECK TO ACTION OF THE 
 SKIN OR KIDNEYS. 
 
 OVER-HEATED, OVER- 
 CROWDED, BADLY-VENTI- 
 LATED, DAMP, STABLES. 
 
 TOO SUDDEN COOLING 
 AFTER SEVERE WORK, 
 ESPECIALLY IN THE 
 SPRING AND FALL 
 MONTHS. 
 
 SPECIFIC GERMS. 
 
 PERSISTENTLY INCREASED 
 FREQUENCY AND 
 ALTERED CHARACTER OF 
 BREATHING. INCREASED 
 PULSE. HIGH TEMPERA- 
 TURE. INJECTED MEM- 
 BRANES OF EYES AND 
 NOSTRILS. PERSISTENT 
 STANDING POSTURE. 
 
 General 1 reaiment. 
 
 HAND-EUB LEGS and EARS, 
 AND WHEN WARM APPLY 
 DRY FLANNEL BANDAGES 
 TO LEGS. 
 
 IF NECESSARY TO PRO- 
 DUCE WARMTH, APPLY 
 LINIMENT No. I. TO LEGS 
 OR EARS. APPLY TO 
 THROAT OR CHEST, AS 
 THE CASE MAY BE, MUS- 
 TARD MADE INTO THICK 
 PASTE WITH VINEGAR. 
 PLACE PATIENT IN WELL 
 VENTILATED DRY BOX- 
 STALL AT A TEMPERA- 
 TURE OF Go DEG. FAH- 
 RENHEIT, OR AS NEAR 
 AS PRACTICABLE. 
 
 ALLOW LIBERAL SUPPLY 
 OF DRINKING AVATER. 
 
 REGULATE BOWELS WITH 
 LAXATIVE DIET, AND IP 
 N E C E S S A R 1 WITH 
 ENEMATA. 
 
 IN FIRST STxVGES UNTIL 
 T E :\I P E R A T U R E AND 
 B R E A T H I N G ARE 
 
 LOWERED, GIVE FEVER 
 MEDICINE No. XXXIII. 
 EVERY FOUR HOURS. 
 
 WHEN IMPROVEMENT 
 OCCURS. SUBSTITUTE 
 FEVER MEDICINE No. 
 XXII. DURING CONVA- 
 LESCENCE GIVE TONIC 
 MEDICINE No. XXXII. 
 ONCE DAILY. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 NASAL GLEET OR CHRONIC 
 CATARRH. 
 
 LARYNGITIS. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. 
 
 CONGESTION OF LUNGS. 
 
 PNEUMONIA. 
 
 PLEURISY. 
 
42 
 
 AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS, 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Neglected cold. Exposure. Injury 
 to face or to molar teeth. 
 
 Long continued offensive discharge from 
 one nostril. Swelling on one side of face 
 under orbit. Dulness on percussion of 
 affected side of face. General unthrifty 
 appearance. Glands under the jaw 
 swollen and slightly painful. No ulcera- 
 tion of nostrils, as occurs in glanders. 
 
 The operation of Trephining is sometimes neces- 
 sary. Afterwards irrigate nostrils freely with 
 a 10 per cent, solution of peroxide of hydro- 
 gen. Give Tonic Powder No. XVII. once 
 daily in food. 
 
 Catarrh, influenza, distemper. Am- 
 moniacal effluvia from over-heated 
 and unclean stables. 
 
 Harsh, difficult breathing. Pronounced 
 rattling sound heard on placing ear to 
 throat, becoming a loud roaring noise in 
 later stages. Glands of throat some- 
 times swollen. Muscles of throat tense. 
 In last stages breathing is intensely 
 difficult, and unless relieved ends in 
 suffocation. Painful throat, cough. 
 High temp, and pulse. 
 
 Apply to throat Blister No. VIII. Hold under 
 the nose for five minutes every hour, boiling 
 water poured on Inhaling Mixture No. 
 XXXVI. Apply on tongue three times a day, 
 Mixture No. XXXV. When breathing permits, 
 give Medicine No. XXXIII. twice a day. In 
 convalescence Tonic No. XX. As a last 
 resource, if necessary, perform operation of 
 tracheotomy. 
 
 Damp, badly-ventilated stables. In- 
 fluenza, and other fevers. 
 
 Accelerated breathing. Loose rattling in 
 wind-pipe, more perceptible in chest. 
 Deep sore cough, becoming loose as 
 disease advances. No pain on pressure 
 to sides. Temp, and pulse higher than 
 normal; but may subside in chronic 
 bronchitis. 
 
 Apply \\h. mustard paste to front of chest. Give 
 medicine as in general treatment, with addi- 
 tion of one dram of ipecacuanha with each 
 dose in first stage only. 
 
 Over-exertion when not in condition. 
 Excessive feeding. 
 
 Greatly increased breathing, with no noise 
 in throat or chest. Short, hard, painful 
 cough at intervals. High temperature 
 and pulse. On placing ear to sides the 
 ordinary breathing murmur is not well 
 heard over affected lung, but largely 
 increased over the healthy part. 
 
 Apply mustard paste to sides of chest. Medicine 
 as in general treatment. 
 
 Exposure in bad weather after over- 
 exertion. Work during attacks of 
 fever. Infection. 
 
 All symptoms of congestion exaggerated. 
 Temp, and pulse higher. Difficulty of 
 breathing great. Intense injection of 
 eyes and nostrils, gradually changing 
 from red to purple gray colour. Short, 
 hard, dry cough. Distressed coun- 
 tenance. Cold legs. 
 
 Apply to one side of chest Blister No. VII. and 
 mustard to other side. Restore circulation in 
 legs and ears by rubbing and warmth. To 
 general medicine in first stages add one-half 
 dram powdered digitalis and half-grain of 
 strychnine to each of first four doses. If 
 symptoms are very severe, give also 5 minims 
 nitro-glycerine every two hours for four doses. 
 In some plethoric horses at an early stage 
 moderate bleeding may be useful. 
 
 Injuries to chest. Overwork. Rheu- 
 matism. Exposure after clipping. 
 
 Short, painful breathing. Pain on pres- 
 sure to sides, with characteristic grunt- 
 ing on sudden movement. Dry, rasping 
 friction sound heard on placing ear to 
 sides. An appearance of general stiff- 
 ness due to sharp pain during breathing. 
 Quick pulse. High temp. 
 
 Apply Liniment No. 2 to the sound or bast 
 affected side, and mustard to the worse side, 
 and use general treatment, viz., in tlie acuta 
 stages febrifuges, whilst in the later stages 
 paracentesis thoracis may bo necessary. 
 
43 
 
 PLATE VI.— continued. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 CHECK TO ACTIOiSI OF THE 
 SKIN OR KIDNEYS. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 V E R-H E A T E D, OVER- 
 CROWDED, BADLY-VENTI- 
 LATED, DAMP, STABLES. 
 
 TOO SUDDEN COOLING 
 AFTER SEVERE WORK, 
 ESPECIALLY IN THE 
 SPRING AND FALL 
 MONTHS. 
 
 PERSISTENTLY INCREASED 
 FREQUENCY AND 
 ALTERED CHARACTER OF 
 BREATHING. INCREASED 
 PULSE. HIGH TEMPERA- 
 TURE. INJECTED MEM- 
 BRANES OF EYES AND 
 NOSTRILS. PERSISTENT 
 STANDING POSTURE. 
 
 SPECIFIC GERMS. 
 
 General 1 reaiment. 
 
 HAND-EUB LEGS and EARS, 
 AND WHEN WARM APPLY 
 DRY FLANNEL BANDAGES 
 TO LEGS. 
 
 IF NECESSARY TO PRO- 
 DUCE WARMTH, APPLY 
 LINIMENT No. I. TO LEGS 
 OR EARS. APPLY TO 
 THROAT OR CHEST, AS 
 THE CASE MAY BE, MUS- 
 TARD MADE INTO THICK 
 PASTE WITH VINEGAR. 
 PLACE PATIENT IN WELL 
 VENTILATED DRY BOX- 
 STALL AT A TEMPERA- 
 TURE OF G5 DEG. FAH- 
 RENHEIT, OR AS NEAR 
 AS PRACTICABLE. 
 
 ALLOW LIBERAL SUPPLY 
 OF DRINKING WATER. 
 
 REGULATE BOWELS WITH 
 LAXATIVE DIET, AND IF 
 NECESSARY WITH 
 ENEMATA. 
 
 IN FIRST STAGES UNTIL 
 TEMPERATURE AND 
 B 1! E A T H I N G ARE 
 
 LOWERED, GIVE FEVER 
 MEDICINE No. XXXIII. 
 EVERY FOUR HOURS. 
 
 WHEN IMPROVEMENT 
 OCCURS, SUBSTITUTE 
 FEVER MEDICINE No. 
 XXII. DURING CONVA- 
 LESCENCE GIVE TONIC 
 MEDICINE No. XXXII. 
 ONCE DAILY. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF HEART 
 (ENDOCARDITIS). 
 
 DISTEMPER OR 
 
 STRANGLES. 
 
 INFLUENZA (PINK-EYE, 
 BILIOUS FEVER). 
 
 LUNG FEVER. 
 
 CHRONIC COUGH. 
 
 ROARING. 
 
 ASTHMA 
 WIND. 
 
 AND BROKEN 
 
44 
 
 AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS, 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Constant and repeated over-exertion. 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 Infection. 
 
 Infection. 
 
 Infection 
 conditions 
 
 aggravated by insanitar}' 
 
 Result of previous disease of organs 
 of respiration. Over-heated stables. 
 
 Due to pressure on nerve supplying 
 muscles of throat. Heredity. 
 
 Chronic indigestion. Musty hay. 
 Bad grain. Heredity. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Similar to mild case of pleurisy, with 
 absence of grunt and rasping sound in 
 chest. On listening to the heart a tur- 
 bulent riotous action is heard. Pulse 
 full and rapid. Anxious countenance. 
 
 High temperature. Hard painful swellings 
 under jaws and sometimes in other 
 glands of the body. Breathing more or 
 less obstructed by abscess formation. 
 Swellings gradually get softer and more 
 painful to the touch, until pus breaks 
 out, or is withdrawn by lancing or 
 aspiration. 
 
 Persistent high temperature. Congestion 
 of any part or whole of respiratory tract, 
 and of biliary ducts. Discharge from 
 eyes, nostrils, or throat. Loose, persis- 
 tent cough. Cold extremities. Swelling 
 of throat, eyelids, or legs. Leaden 
 colour of eyes or nostrils, and occasion- 
 ally yellow. 
 
 combination of sub-acute symptoms of 
 pleurisy and pneumonia, with rapid, 
 but small and weak, pulse. Temp, 
 always high. Rapid short breathing. 
 Leaden or orange colour of eyes or nose. 
 Symptoms gradually and slowly appear 
 after previous high temperature. 
 
 Persistent, hard, dry cough, with a 
 general unthriftiness. Ab.sence of any 
 acute disease, but often following disease 
 of lung, throat, or stomach. 
 
 A noisy difficulty of breathing on severe 
 exertion, varying from the characteristic 
 whistle to a roaring or grunting noise. 
 A slowly progressive disease due to 
 paralysis of the muscles of one side of 
 the larynx, in animal otherwise healthy. 
 
 Peculiar rales on listening to sides. 
 Short wheezy cough. Laboured breath- 
 ing on exertion. Symptoms much 
 aggravated by full stomach or indiges- 
 tion. Intervals of great improvement. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Use Blister No. VII. over region of heart. For 
 medicines use those for the primary disease 
 (vide rheumatism). 
 
 Add one ounce of chlorate of potash to each two 
 gallons of drinking water. Give twice daily 
 in food one ounce of hyposulphite of soda. 
 Apply to swollen glands Blister No. VII. 
 Lance abscesses when ripe, and cleanse 
 thoroughly with Antiseptic No. X. Give 
 Medicine No. XXII. twice daily, or Medicine 
 No. XXXV. if swallowing is difficult. 
 
 Apply Liniment No. II. to throat. Give Medi- 
 cine No. XXXII. three times first day. There- 
 after give Medicine No. XXII. two or three 
 times a day. Fumigate stables with burning 
 pine tar. If membranes are yellow, give two 
 ounces phosphate of soda once daily in food. 
 Regulate bowels with one or two doses of 
 Medicine No. XXVII. 
 
 Treat same as pneumonia, with addition of one 
 dram of quinine once a day. In convalescence 
 give Tonic No. XX. twice a day. 
 
 Tablospoonful of Mixture No. XXXV. every 
 evening, and two ounces of Tonic No. XXXI. 
 every morning. Apply liniment No. I. to 
 throat. 
 
 No cure. Symptoms may be relieved by opera- 
 tion of tracheotomy. In early stages disease 
 may be retarded by Tonic No. XX. and 
 Mixture No. XXXV. once daily. 
 
 Relief may be obtained by daily doses of one- 
 half dram digitalis and one dram sulphate 
 of copper in food, and by feeding with small 
 quantities of concentrated food at frequent 
 intervals. Reduce quantity of hay and water. 
 
45 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 SPECIFIC 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 CONTAGION BY INOCULA- 
 TION OR EXPOSURE TO 
 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 BLOOD POISONING BY 
 FAILURE TO ELIMINATE 
 DISEASED SECRETIONS 
 OR EXCRETIONS. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 CONTINUED HIGH TEM- 
 PERATURE. INCREASED 
 PULSE. CHANGES IN CON- 
 STITUENTS OF BLOOD, 
 RESULTING IN SWEL- 
 LINGS, ULCERATIONS. 
 BLOOD SPOTS IN VARIOUS 
 PARTS OF THE BODY, 
 AND EFFUSIONS OF 
 BLOOD IN IMPORTANT 
 ORGANS, CAUSING SPECI- 
 FIC SYMPTOMS. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 IN GLANDERS, FARCY, 
 ANTHRAX, AND RABIES, 
 NO TREATMENT IS PER- 
 MISSIBLE; BUT THE 
 RULES FOR THESE ARE 
 AS FOLLOW: — 
 
 WHILE UNDER SUSPICION 
 STRICT ISOLATION; AND 
 EARLY DESTRUCTION 
 WHEN DISEASE IS 
 
 DETERMINED. 
 
 THOROUGH DISINFECTION 
 OF THE CARCASES. 
 
 IN OTHER BLOOD DISEASES 
 GIVE FIRST FEVER MEDI- 
 CINE No. XXI. THREE 
 TIMES A DAY, AND AS 
 SOON AS DISEASE IS 
 DEFINED, USE SPECIAL 
 TREATMENT. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 GLANDERS AND FARCY. 
 
 ANTHRAX. 
 (WOOLSORTERS' DISEASE.) 
 
 PURPURA AND SCARLET 
 FEVER. 
 
 INFLAMMATORY (EDEMA 
 (WEED OR LMYPHANGITIS). 
 
 RHEUMATISM (ARTICULAR 
 AND MUSCULAR). WHEN 
 THERE ARE MARKED 
 FEBRILE SYMPTOMS, IT 
 IS CALLED RHEUMATIC 
 FEVER. 
 
 TETANUS OR LOCK-JAW. 
 
 RABIES. 
 
46 
 
 INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Contagion only from other affected 
 animal. 
 
 Contagion only from infected soil, or 
 water, or food, or other animal 
 infected with the disease. 
 
 Resulting blood poison from influenza 
 or distemper, or mal-hygiene. 
 
 Over - feeding. Insufficient 
 
 irregular work. 
 
 Impairment of digestive functions. 
 Exposure. Heredity. Though not 
 proved to be a specific fever, rheu- 
 matism may nevertheless frequently 
 be of this nature. 
 
 Infection of wound with the tetanus 
 germs. Occurs as a result of 
 injury or general infection. 
 
 Contagion only by inoculation of 
 rabific poison, as a result of bite 
 or other direct method of infection. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Hard swelling of gland under jaw, which 
 does not break and is more or less 
 adherent to side of jaw. Specific Chancre 
 or ulcer on lining membrane of nostril. 
 Glutinous discharge from nose which has 
 no odour. Unthrifty condition. Ulcera- 
 tion of glands of leg and body in farcy. 
 
 Sudden death after few hours of sickness. 
 Effusion of blood in various parts of 
 body. Enlargement of spleen. High 
 temperature during and before sickness, 
 with symptoms of general inflammation. 
 Presence in the blood of the anthrax 
 bacilli. 
 
 Extensive swelling of head, and hind legs, 
 with persistent high temperature and 
 weak pulse. Blood spots inside nostrils 
 with sanguineous discharge. 
 
 Extensive swelling of one hind leg with no 
 blood spots in nostrils. Severe pain and 
 lameness. Strong rapid pulse. High 
 temperature in early stages only. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 If there be any doubt, test the animal with 
 "malleine." When disease is determined, at 
 once destroy the animal, and thoroughly dis- 
 infect stable, taking out and burning all wood- 
 work which has been in contact with any of 
 the discharges. Iodine is said to be useful; 
 but treatment is not allowable. 
 
 Burn all carcases affected with this disease. As 
 a preventive, vaccinate others, which may be 
 exposed to same conditions, with anthrax vac- 
 cine. Remove all stock from infected locality, 
 and then dress pastures well with lime when 
 practicable to do so. 
 
 In first stages, and until swelling subsides, give 
 four times a day Medicine No. XXII. After- 
 wards give Tonic Powders No. XVII. twice a 
 day. Remove to well-ventilated box-stall, and 
 tempt appetite with any kind of food. 
 
 Severe pain and swelling of affected parts. 
 High temperature. Rapid pulse. Swell- 
 ing suddenly shifts from one joint or 
 limb to another. No blood effusion. 
 
 Stifiness and spasms all over the body. 
 Pain increased on excitement, and occurs 
 in paroxysms. White of eye protrudes 
 over eye-ball on elevation of head. In 
 later stages inability to open mouth. 
 Temperature only slightly raised. Pulse 
 rapid on excitement. 
 
 Symptoms of acute inflammation of 
 brain, coupled with apparently sensible 
 attempts to use natural methods of attack 
 on any living object. Profuse saliva- 
 tion. Great difficulty in swallowing. 
 
 Give first one dose of Medicine No. XXIV. or No. 
 XXV., followed by Fever Medicine No. XXI. 
 every four hours. Constantly apply hot 
 fomentations, and Liniment No. III. to swel- 
 ling afterwards. When acute stage is over, 
 give Powders No. XVIII. twice a day. Loose 
 diet. No grain food. 
 
 Medicine No. XXI. every four hours in first 
 stage. Medicine No. XVIII. in second stage, 
 twice a day. Use Liniment No. III. to swel- 
 lings. Soft diet in first stage. 
 
 Strictest quiet. Dark bos-stall. Feed on oatmeal 
 or bean meal gruel exclusively, in which mis 
 one of Powders No. XIX., every four hours. 
 Poidtice seat of injury with linseed containing 
 one-half ounce of carbolic acid. 
 
 No treatment is feasible, as immediate destruc- 
 tion, on determination of the disease, is 
 advocated. 
 
47 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE URINARY 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 DISORDERED LIVE K, 
 HEART. BRAIN, OR NER- 
 VOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 COLD, INJURIES. 
 
 IRREGULARITY OF FOOD 
 OR WORK. 
 
 BAD FOOD. 
 
 IMPURE WATER. 
 
 POISONS. 
 
 MALFORMATION. 
 
 General Symptoms. General Treatment. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 PAIN AS IN DISEASES OF 
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, BUT 
 WITH ALTERATION IN 
 CHARACTER OF THE 
 NATURAL EXCRETIONS 
 OF THE URINARY OR 
 GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
 PAIN USUALLY ASSO- 
 CIATED WITH STRAIN- 
 ING. PULSE USUALLY 
 QUICK. 
 
 HOT WATER FOMENTA- 
 TIONS TO LOINS. IN 
 EARLY STAGES TWO OR 
 THREE DOSES OF MEDI- 
 CINE No. XXVIII., FOL- 
 LOWED BY SPECIAL 
 TREATMENT, AS SOON AS 
 THE SPECIAL DISEASE IS 
 DETERMINED. 
 
 I N F L A M M A T I N OF 
 BLADDER (CYSTITIS). 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF 
 KIDNEYS (NEPHRITIS). 
 
 STONE IN BLADDER. 
 
 AZOTURIA. 
 
 DIABETES (MELLITUS). 
 
48 
 
 AND GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Sudden exposure to cold or wet. 
 Drugs, e.g., turpentine, can- 
 tharides, &c., which act on kid- 
 neys. Stone in bladder. Retention 
 of urine. 
 
 Repeated efforts to urinate, resulting in 
 discharge of small quantities of urine, 
 altered in colour and always with signs 
 of pain persisting after the discharge, 
 evidenced by straining or groaning. 
 Urine contains excessive mucus, some- 
 times blood or pus cells. 
 
 Removal of cause. Irrigate bladder with one 
 dram of borax, in one quart of warm water, 
 twice daily. If pain is severe, add one ounce 
 of aqueous extract of opium. Fomentation to 
 loins and application of mustard. Give one 
 ounce of bicarbonate of sodium three times 
 daily. Linseed, bran, and green food. Give, 
 when the horse is convalescent. Powder No. 
 XVIII. twice daily; or, if no irritability be 
 left, No. XVII. for a few days. 
 
 Fungous hay or oats. Excessive use 
 of drugs. Acrid poisons. Disease 
 of liver. Exposure. Over-work. 
 Check to action of skin. 
 
 Stiffness and arching of back. Straddling 
 gait. Groaning on lying down. Colicky 
 pains. Urine has high colour, and may 
 be bloody. Presence of albumen in urine 
 and microscopical casts of linings of 
 tubes of kidney. Swelling of legs, and 
 under the chest and body. 
 
 One pint castor oil, followed by three ounces 
 sulphate of soda once daily. One dram ipecac, 
 half-dram digitalis, and one dram bromide of 
 potash, three times daily. Hot fomentation 
 and mustard to loins. Linseed and bran food. 
 Perfect rest. In convalescence Tonic No. XVII. 
 twice daily, or Powder No. XVIII. for a few 
 days if there is still irritability. 
 
 Excess of insoluble constituents in 
 urine, piirtly owing to imperfect 
 action of kidneys. Mucus, pus, or 
 blood secreted by kidney or 
 bladder. 
 
 Sudden attacks of pain, quickly subsiding. 
 Intermittent passing of urine with 
 incontenence, and frequent dribbling. 
 Bad unthrifty condition. Stone can 
 often be felt by passing hand into the 
 rectum. 
 
 Removal by surgical operation. In very early 
 stages continued doses of twenty grains of 
 urotropine, twice daily, will often cause 
 natural solution, and passage of stone. It is 
 best given in ball form, or in the drinking 
 water, for several weeks. 
 
 Presence in blood of excess of nitro- 
 genous elements, due to high 
 feeding and spells of total idleness 
 in stable. 
 
 Sudden apparent paralysis of hind- 
 quarters on working after one or two 
 days in stable. Inability to rise. Pro- 
 fuse sweats. Great pain. Delirium in 
 paroxysms. Highly injected eyes. Rapid 
 pulse. Dark brown and sometimes black 
 urine. 
 
 Sometimes fatal in twelve to thirty-six hours. 
 Two drams iodide and two drams bromide of 
 potash every two hours for first twenty-four 
 hours. Hot wet blankets to body; mustard to 
 loins. Follow with two drams nitrate of 
 potash and one dram salicylate of soila every 
 four hours for two days. Unlimited drinking 
 water. In convalescence Tonic No. XVII. 
 
 Disorder of liver or brain. Poisons. 
 
 Profuse excretion of urine with ardent 
 thirst. No pain. Rapid loss of flesh 
 and condition. Costive bowels. Pre- 
 sence in urine of sugar. Urine is pale 
 in colour, and has high sp. gr. In 
 advanced stage dropsy of limbs and 
 body. 
 
 If possible turn out in green pasture. Or if 
 practicable put on an exclusive milk diet for 
 a time, with two ounces of phosphate of soda 
 once daily. As improvement occurs, give 
 Powder No. XX. twice daily, in food. 
 
49 
 
 PLATE VIII.— continued. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE URINARY 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 DISORDERED LIVER, 
 HEART, BRAIN, OR NER- 
 VOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 COLD, INJURIES. 
 
 IRREGULARITY OF FOOD 
 OR WORK. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 BAD FOOD. 
 
 IMPURE WATER. 
 
 POISONS. 
 
 MALFORMATION. 
 
 PAIN AS IN DISEASES OF 
 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, BUT 
 W^ITH ALTERATION IN 
 CHARACiER OF THE 
 NATURAL EXCRETIONS 
 OF THE URINARY OR 
 GENERATIVE ORGANS. 
 PAIN USUALLY ASSO- 
 CIATED WITH STRAIN- 
 ING. PULSE USUALLY 
 QUICK. 
 
 Genera/ Treatment. 
 
 HOT WATER FOMENTA- 
 TIONS TO LOINS. IN 
 EARLY STAGES TWO OR 
 THREE DOSES OF MEDI- 
 CINE No. XXVIII., FOL- 
 LOWED BY SPECIAL 
 TREATMENT, AS SOON AS 
 THE SPECIAL DISEASE IS 
 DETERMINED. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 DIABETES (INSIPIDUS). 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF 
 TESTICLES (ORCHITIS). 
 
 DIFFICULT PARTURITION. 
 
 INFLAMMATION 
 WOMB (METRITIS). 
 
 OF 
 
 INFLAMMATION 
 UDDER. 
 
 OF 
 
50 
 
 AND GENERATIVE ORGANS, 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Any agent which stimulates the 
 kidneys. Some drugs, new oats, 
 badly cured, mouldy, or unduly 
 heated hay, impure water. 
 
 Profuse flow of urine of low density, con- 
 taining neither sugar nor albumen. 
 Great thirst. Loss of strength. 
 
 Undue excitation, hot weather. 
 Stimulating food. Injuries, in- 
 flammation of adjacent organs. 
 Stimulating drugs. 
 
 Swelling, heat, and extreme tenderness 
 locally. Stiffness or straddling gait. 
 Continued pain. Increased pulse and 
 breathing. 
 
 Malformation of foetus or organs of 
 dam. Injuries and premature 
 labour. 
 
 Inability to deliver offspring. Upon 
 examination the foetus will be found to 
 be in one of various unnatural positions, 
 or there will be some malformation, e.ff., 
 of foetus, womb, or vagina. 
 
 Injuries during parturition. Expo- 
 sure to cold or wet. Irritative 
 effects of decomposition of dis- 
 charges. 
 
 Shivering fit. Small rapid pulse. High 
 temperature. Increased breathing. Stiff- 
 ness. Uneasy movements of hind limbs. 
 Discharge of liquid, red or yellow in 
 colour, especially after difficult par- 
 turition. 
 
 Engorgement before parturition, 
 especially in hot weather. Injury. 
 Septic poi.soning during prevalence 
 of epizootics. 
 
 Tense, hard, hot swelling of the gland. 
 Pain on pressure. High temperature 
 and increased pulse and breathing. 
 Straddling gait. Frequent swelling of 
 hind leg. 
 
 Good sound food. Boiled flaxseed in water. One 
 dram iodide of iron and half-ounce gentian 
 root, twice daily. If case is obstinate, add 10 
 drops of pure creosote, dissolved in one ounce 
 of glycerine and six ounces of water once 
 daily. 
 
 Perfect rest. Suspensory bandage. Local appli- 
 cation of acetate of lead two ounces, fluid 
 extract of belladonna one ounce, tincture of 
 opium two ounces, glycerine three ounces, 
 water two quarts. Keep in contact with 
 absorbent cotton. Give internally two drams 
 bromide of potash twice daily, and two 
 ounces of phosphate of soda once daily. 
 
 Delivery must be effected after restoring the 
 natural position of foetus, if it be possible. 
 Irrigate womb with a solution of one antiseptic 
 tablet to two (juarts of water. Internally occa- 
 sional doses of Medicine No. XXVIII. while 
 pain exists. 
 
 Irrigate freely with warm water, made anti- 
 septic as above. Continue until water comes 
 away clear. Remove by hand any decomposing 
 membranes. Hot fomentation to body. Two 
 ounces Medicine No. XXVIII. every four hour.s 
 with one dram salicylate of sodium during 
 acute stage. 
 
 Eight ounces of sulphate of sodium, half-ounce 
 tincture of opium, one ounce of nitre in one 
 pint of water; follow with one dram bromide 
 and one dram of iodide of potassium and one 
 dram of salicylate of sodium, three times daily 
 as long as acute symptoms last. In second 
 stage give Powder No. XVI. twice daily. 
 Constantly foment, and rub with camphorated 
 oil. 
 
51 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 POISONS AND 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 IMPURITIES 
 WATER. 
 
 IN FOOD OR 
 
 UNDRAINED 
 PASTURE. 
 
 OR MARSHY 
 
 IGNORANT USE OF POI- 
 SONOUS DRUGS. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 THE GENERAL SYMPTOMS 
 OF ACUTE MINERAL POI- 
 SONING ARE EXTREME 
 AND PERSISTENT PAIN, 
 WITH PURGING; HIGHLY 
 INJECTED MEMBRANES, 
 AND COLLAPSE. THOSE 
 OF VEGETABLE POISON- 
 ING ARE PAIN WITH 
 FLATULENCE AND BRAIN 
 SYMPTOMS, ASSOCIATED, 
 IN STRYCHNINE POISON- 
 ING, WITH VIOLENT CON- 
 TRACTIONS OF THE 
 MUSCLES OF THE BODY, 
 SIMULATING TETANUS. 
 THE GENERAL SYMPTOMS 
 OF PARASITIC INFECTION 
 ARE UNTHRIFTINESS, 
 LOSS OF HAIR, IRRITA- 
 TION OF SKIN, AND 
 EMACIATION, UNACCOM- 
 PANIED BY ORGANIC 
 DISEASE. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 SPECIAL TREATMENT MUST 
 BE FOLLOWED; BUT IN 
 CONVALESCENCE USE 
 TONIC POWDERS No. 
 XVII. 
 
 ARSENIC AND OTHER IRRI- 
 TANT POISONS. 
 
 POISONOUS HERBS AND 
 PLANTS. 
 
 LARGE ROUND AND SMALL 
 THREADWORMS. 
 
 TAPEWORMS. 
 
 BOTS. 
 
 SCABIES, ITCH OR MANGE. 
 
 RINGWORM. 
 
 LICE. 
 
52 
 
 PARASITES. 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Accidental, injudicious, or malicious 
 administration. 
 
 Intense continuous abdominal pain, with 
 thirst. Rapid, thready pulse. Cold 
 sweats. Excessive purging. Vivid red 
 eyelids and nostrils. But very little 
 relief after medicine. In non-fatal 
 doses, emaciation and loss of hair. 
 
 Repeated doses of one ounce hydrated peroxide 
 of iron every two hours. Four ounces of 
 Anodyne -Medicine No. XXVIII. every two 
 hours during acute stage. Hot fomentations 
 to body. Supply linseed gruel freely. During 
 convalescence Tonic Powders XVII. 
 
 Pasturing iu early spring, when 
 iiealthy food grasses are backward. 
 
 Intense pain. Cold sweats, with bloating, 
 and rapidly fatal result, if relief is not 
 quickly obtained. Distinguished from 
 mineral poisoning by flatulence and 
 dilated pupil of eye. 
 
 Repeated doses of two ounces bicarbonate of 
 soda and four drams of aromatic spirit of 
 ammonia in one pint of water every half hour. 
 When acute symptoms abate, give one pint of 
 castor oil. In convalescence Tonic Powders 
 No. XVII. 
 
 Large round worm, four to twelve 
 inches long, in the small intestines. 
 Small round worm in large intes- 
 tines and in rectum. 
 
 Poor condition. Rubbing of tail or mane. 
 Hidebound. Depraved appetite. Licking 
 walls. Itching rectum, and presence of 
 dry white or yellow substance around the 
 anus. Presence of eggs of parasite in 
 manure and also of parasite itself, or 
 portions of it. 
 
 Tliirty grains of santonine once each morning 
 before feeding for three mornings. On third 
 morning give one dose of Medicine No. XXIII. 
 or No. XXV. Loose diet for three days there- 
 after. 
 
 1 
 
 Three species of tape worm found in 
 intestines, occasionally 20 to 30 
 feet long. 
 
 Some abdominal pain or rather irritation 
 may be manifested, and the mature seg- 
 ments are passed now and again in the 
 f feces. 
 
 One dram each of fluid extract of malefern and 
 areca nut, and 20 grains of santonine once a 
 day for three days. On third day also add one 
 pint castor oil. 
 
 The larvae of the gadfly found 
 attached to walls of stomach. 
 
 Presence in excreta of the mature para- 
 .sites, which always come away from off 
 the stomach wall when fully grown, and 
 lay eggs on the skin of the lower part 
 of the neck, .shoulders, and inner parts 
 of the forelegs, especially round the 
 knees, parts easily licked by the horse, 
 which thus swallows the eggs. Unthrifty 
 condition. 
 
 Occasional doses of Medicine No. XXVI. in the 
 early spring months will aid evacuation. Place 
 a piece of rock salt in the manger. 
 
 Presence in skin of the mange insect, 
 viz., the Dermatodectes equi, the 
 Sarcoptes equi, or the Symbiotes 
 equi. 
 
 Constant rubbing and scratching. Loss of 
 hair. Skin inflamed and sore in 
 affected parts. Presence of parasite. 
 
 A thorough application to all affected parts of 
 compound sulphur oint., or sulphur oint. 
 eight parts, and creoline one part, daily. Wash 
 skin every three days with carbolic acid soap. 
 
 Vegetable parasite of two kinds on 
 the skin. 
 
 Circular patches of .skin denuded of hair, 
 with formation of circular scabs. Pre- 
 .sence of parasite. Intense irritation. 
 
 Wash thoroughly with tar soap. Dry and paint 
 the affected spots with tincture of iodine, 
 one part ; glycerine, two parts. On alternate 
 days substitute a saturated solution of sul- 
 phate of copper. 
 
 Parasites on skin. 
 
 Presence on the .skin of the pediculi. 
 
 Application of tobacco water, followed by 
 thorough cleansing of skin with tar soap. 
 
53 
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 EXTERNAL 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 FAULTY STABLE MANAGE- 
 MENT. 
 
 OVERWORK. 
 
 INJURIES. 
 
 SPRAIN. 
 
 HEREDITY. 
 
 General Symptoms. General Treatment. 
 
 LxOIENESS, 
 SWELLING- 
 OF THEM- 
 PAKT. 
 
 PAIN, OR 
 
 -ANY OR ALL 
 IN AFFECTED 
 
 LOCAL HEAT 
 MATIOX. 
 
 AND INFLAM- 
 
 BAD NATURAL CONFORMA- 
 TION. 
 
 NEGLECT OF TREATMENT 
 IN EARLY STAGE. 
 
 REST. REMOVAL FROM 
 CROWDED STABLE TO 
 BOX-STALL OR PADDOCK. 
 RESTRICTION TO LAXA- 
 TIVE DIET, MILD PURGA- 
 TIVE IN FIRST STAGE. 
 
 APPLICATION OF LINIMENT 
 No. III. 
 
 HOT OR COLD 
 FOMENTATION. 
 
 WATER 
 
 WOUNDS : 
 GENERAL TREATMENT. 
 
 Wounds Leal either by direct union 
 of the torn structures, or by the 
 solution or sloughing of destroyed 
 tissue, and the formation of new 
 matter, all depending on the severity 
 of the laceration, or the admission 
 into the wound of pus or detrimental 
 germs from the outside. Therefore 
 in all cases first di terniine extent of 
 injury, and if supeiiicial, or clean 
 cut, cleanse with cold spring water, 
 dress with a solution of bichloride of 
 mercury of the strength of one 
 antiseptic tablet to one quart of 
 water ; or with a 5 per cent, solu- 
 tion of pure carbolic acid. Dry 
 thoroughly, and then bandage with 
 compress of absorbent cotton, pre- 
 viously covered with boric acid. 
 Repeat dressing once a day with 
 pressure, \vhere bandage can be 
 applied. If wound contains much 
 lacerated tissue, or is deep seated, 
 then first bathe well with hot water. 
 Make wound antiseptic with either of 
 the above-mentioned dressings. Re- 
 move all loose destroyed tissue, and 
 apply cotton wool, well soaked in 
 Antiseptic Solution No. XIII., secured 
 in place as well as possible. Repeat 
 baihing in amount proportioned to 
 external swelling. When pus forms, 
 irrigate frequently with a solution of 
 peroxide of hj-drogen of strength 
 from 5 to 10 per cent., according to 
 the amount of pus. If the swelling 
 is hard and painful around the wound, 
 apply Liniment No. III. In wounds 
 of tendons or joints exclude air as 
 quickly as possible, by means of 
 absorbent cotton, soaked in Sol, No. 
 XV., and secured by tight bandage, 
 having previously covered wound 
 with a mixture of equal parts of 
 boiic acid and aristol. Remove 
 dressing if pain, or fever, or swelling 
 makes removal necessary. 
 
 In gan-shot wounds probe to extract 
 bullet or other foreign mat!er. 
 Irrigate freely with a 5 per cent, 
 solution of peroxide of hydrogen, 
 and if possible make a surgical 
 drain for discharges with the 
 knife. 
 
 In all wounds give loose diet, and 
 when there is elevation of tempera- 
 ture (traumatic fever) give Medicine 
 No. XXI. every four hours as long as 
 the fever continues. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 SHOULDER JOINT LAME- 
 NESS. 
 
 SWEENY (ATROPHY) OF 
 SHOULDER MUSCLES. 
 
 SPRAIN OF TENDONS OR 
 LIGAMENTS OF LEG. 
 
 SPLINT. 
 
 RINGBONE. 
 
 SIDEBOXE. 
 
 WIXDGALLS. 
 
 NAVICULAR DISEASE. 
 
 LAMINITIS OR FOUNDER. 
 
 CONTRACTED FEET. 
 
DISEASES. 
 
 54 
 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Concussion. Strain. Overwork. 
 
 1 Bruise. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Inability to extend affected limb equally 
 with other one. Stubbing the toe. 
 Swelling at point of shoulder. Pain 
 shown on forcible outward and forward 
 extension of limb. 
 
 Hot fomentation and application of liniment 
 No. III. to point of shoulder. Complete rest. 
 If the horse be not better in a few days, apply 
 to point of shoulder Blister No. VII. Repeat 
 in three weeks, if necessary. 
 
 1 
 
 Paralysi.s of nerve supplying muscles 
 of shoulder. Tight collar. Over- 
 pulling when the horse is not in 
 condition. 
 
 An evident shrinking of the muscles over- 
 lying the blade bone of affected shoulder, 
 causing distinct depression. Occasional 
 lameness. Stumbling. 
 
 Complete rest. Daily hand-rubbing for seven 
 days with liniment No. I. Afterwards apply 
 Blister No. VII. Repeat in three weeks. If 
 not well after two blisters, put seton in shoulder 
 over the depression, and turn out to pasture 
 for three months. 
 
 Imperfect conformation of limb. 
 Over-e.\ertion. Carrying too heavy 
 a weight. Sprain. 
 
 Decided swelling of tendons or ligaments 
 at back of leg. Pain on pressure. Severe 
 lameness in acute stages, gradually de- 
 creasing as inflammation subsides. 
 Swelling remains after work. 
 
 Apply hot, wet bandages with Liniment No. 
 VI., followed in twenty-four hours with Paste 
 No. 39 for two days. On the fourth day apply 
 Iodine Liniment No. IV., with constant ban- 
 daging. If swelling remains after two weeks' 
 treatment, blister with Ointment No. VIII. 
 
 Heredity. InsuiSciency of lime salts 
 in food. Overwork when young. 
 
 A plain distinct bony swelling on the 
 inside or outside of the leg, between the 
 knee or the hock, and the fetlock. 
 Lameness in first stages. 
 
 First apply Liniment No. VI., with hot, wet 
 bandages for thirty - six hours. Then use 
 Iodine Liniment No. IV. In chronic stage, if 
 lameness exists, blister with Ointment No. IX., 
 and repeat in three weeks if necessary. 
 
 Heredity. Overwork when young. 
 Concussion. 
 
 A round bony enlargement on the coronet, 
 encircling the limb in fore or hind leg. 
 Persistent lameness. 
 
 In early stages frequent applications of Lini- 
 ment No. V. In chronic stage repeated blister 
 with Ointment No. VIII. 
 
 Heavy work on hard pavement. 
 High caulks on shoes. Heredity. 
 
 Bony enlargement on inside or outside or 
 on both sides of the structures just 
 above the hoof. The disease is an 
 ossification of the normally flexible 
 cartilage, springing from the hoof. 
 
 Repeated blisters with Ointment No. VIII. 
 Application of Liniment No. V., and shoeing 
 with wedged heel shoe, drawn back as far as 
 possible, will keep animal .serviceable. 
 
 Overwork. Improper attention after 
 work. 
 
 Soft elastic swelling on the inside and 
 outside of the fetlock joint of any limb. 
 
 Rest. Tight bandaging over-night with cotton 
 wool soaked in Iodine Liniment No. IV., 
 secured by linen bandage. 
 
 Heredity. Contracted heels. Excess 
 of nitrogenous food. 
 
 Obscure lameness in one or both feet, 
 with no external signs of disease. Inter- 
 mittent lameness, which disappears on 
 "warming up." Returns after short 
 rest. "Pointing" of feet in stable. 
 Uneven temperature of feet, i.e., one 
 foot being warmer than the other. 
 
 Treatment ineffectual. Relief in early stages 
 can be obtained by expansion of hoofs by 
 special shoe to expand the heels, and applica- 
 tion of cold wet pads to sole. Unnerving will 
 cause lameness to disappear, but operation is 
 of doubtful value, and in some cases may be 
 deleterious. 
 
 Overfeeding. Irregular or improper 
 feeding, or watering. 
 
 Excessive lameness. Animal difficult to 
 move in acute attack. Great disturbance 
 of pulse and breathing, with great 
 pain on movement. Pain and lameness 
 much less in later or chronic stage. Sole 
 of foot descends and causes flat and 
 sometimes convex surface. 
 
 Fever Medicine No. XX. every four hours during 
 acute stage. Apply Liniment No. II. to 
 coronets, and hot linseed poultices to feet in 
 acute stage. Application of bar shoes. Regu- 
 late bowels with loose diet and Medicine No. 
 XXVIII. In chronic cases blister the coronets 
 with Ointment No. VII., and turn out to 
 pasture. 
 
 Heredity. Improper shoeing and 
 bad attention to feet. 
 
 1 \ 
 
 Abnormal contraction of hoofs at heels. 
 Small frog, with frequent offensive 
 discharge. 
 
 Shoe with heel expansion shoe. Pack the feet 
 with linseed, and use Hoof Ointment No. XI. 
 
 twice a day. 
 
55 
 
 PLATE X.— continued. 
 
 EXTERNAL 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 FAULTY STABLE MANAGE- 
 MENT. 
 
 OVERWORK. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 I 
 
 INJURIES. 
 
 SPRAIN. 
 
 HEREDITY. 
 
 BAD NATURAL CONFORMA- 
 TION. 
 
 LAMENESS, PAIN, OR 
 SWELLING— ANY OR ALL 
 OF THEM— IN AFFECTED 
 PART. 
 
 LOCAL HEAT AND INFLAM- 
 MATION. 
 
 NEGLECT OF TREATMENT 
 IN EARLY STAGE. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 REST. REMOVAL FROM 
 CROWDED STABLE TO 
 BOX-STALL OR PADDOCK. 
 RESTRICTION TO LAXA- 
 TIVE DIET, MILD PURGA- 
 TIVE IN FIRST STAGE. 
 
 APPLICATION OF LINIMENT 
 No. III. 
 
 HOT OR COLD 
 FOMENTATION. 
 
 WATER 
 
 WOUNDS : 
 GENERAL TREATMENT. 
 
 Wounds Ileal either by direct union 
 of the torn structures, or by the 
 solution or sloughing of destroyed 
 tissue, and the formation of new- 
 matter, all depending on the severity 
 of the laceration, or the admission 
 into the wound of pus or detriment.al 
 germs from the outside. Therefore 
 in all cases first ditermine extent of 
 injury, and if superficial, or clean 
 cut, cleanse with cold spring watei', 
 dress with a solutioQ of bichloride of 
 mercury of the strength of one 
 antiseptic tablet to one quart of 
 water ; or with a 5 per cent, solu- 
 tion of pure carbolic acid. Dry 
 thoroughly, and then bandage with 
 compress of absorbent cotton, pre- 
 viously covered with boric acid. 
 Repeat dressing once a day with 
 pressure, where bandage can be 
 applied. If wound contains much 
 lacerated tissue, or is deep seated, 
 then first b.ithe well wilh hot water. 
 Make wound antiseptic wilh either of 
 the aljove-raentioned dressings. Re- 
 move all loose destroyed tissue, and 
 apply cotton wool, well soaked in 
 Antiseptic Solution No. XIII., secured 
 in place as well as possible. Repeat 
 bathing in amount proportioned to 
 external swelling. Wh:n pus forms, 
 irrigate frequently with a solution of 
 peroxide of hydrogen of strength 
 from 5 to 10 per cent., according to 
 the amount ot pus. If the swelling 
 is hard and painful around the wound, 
 apply Liniment No. III. In wounds 
 of tendons or joints exclude air as 
 quickly as possible, by means of 
 absoibent cotton, soaked in Sol. No. 
 XV., and secured by tight band.ige, 
 having previously covered wound 
 with a mixture of equal parts of 
 boiic acid and aristol. Remove 
 dressing if pain, or fever, or swelling 
 makes removal necessary. 
 
 In gun-shot wounds probe to extract 
 bullet or other foreign matter. 
 Irrigate freely with a 5 per cent, 
 solution of peroxide of hydrogen, 
 and if possible make a surgical 
 drain for discharges with the 
 knife. 
 
 In all wounds give loose diet, and 
 when there is elevation of tempera- 
 ture (traumatic fever) give Medicine 
 No. XXI. every four hours as long .is 
 the fever continues. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 SANDCRACK OR QUARTER 
 CRACK. 
 
 CORNS. 
 
 QUITTOR. 
 
 HIP-JOINT LAMENESS. 
 
 STIFLE JOINT LAMENESS. 
 
 CAPPED HOCK AND ELBOW 
 TUMOUR. 
 
 THOROUGH - PIN. 
 
 BOG-SPAVIN. 
 BLOOD - SPAVIN. 
 
 CURB. 
 
 BONE - SPAVIN. 
 
56 
 
 DISEASES. 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Brittleness of lioof. Bad stable 
 management. Faulty shoeing. 
 
 Fissure in horn of foot of varying extent 
 and depth. 
 
 If not deep, remove with knife and rasp. If 
 deep, a V-shaped piece of horn embracing the 
 crack must be removed, and the horn kept in 
 close contact by strap or buckle around the 
 hoof. Allow complete rest until new horn is 
 grown. Apply Hoof Ointment No. XI. 
 
 Inelasticity of horn, due to climate 
 or neglect. Injury to sole by 
 undue pressure of shoe. 
 
 More or less lameness, with heat, in foot. 
 Discoloured horn of sole in the angle 
 formed by the bar and wall of hoof, 
 evident on paring the surface of sole. 
 In chronic cases the outer horn over the 
 corn is hard and dry; but in acute cases 
 soft, and if pus has formed, it may be 
 moist. 
 
 Pare oft diseased portion. Give free vent to pus 
 and in.sert a plug of oakum, saturated with 
 alcoholic solution of bichloride of mercury, 
 one part of latter to eight of alcohol, and 
 poultice one or two days. Afterwards shoe 
 with a three-quarter shoe, or place a plate of 
 leather between the shoe and the sole, so as to 
 relieve pressure on aSected part. 
 
 Pus formation with local gangrene 
 of coronet. Result of injury or 
 pricked foot in shoeing. Local 
 irritation in cold muddy weather. 
 
 Intense local heat and pain on pressure to 
 coronet, followed by an open sore, from 
 which pus exudes, and extends down- 
 wards into the structure of the foot. 
 
 Examine sole of foot, and evacuate pus. Poultice 
 coronet with linseed, after first inserting into 
 abscesses a plug of cotton wool saturated with 
 a .5 per cent, solution of bichloride of mercury 
 in alcohol. After twenty-four hours dross with 
 20 per cent, solution of peroxide of hydrogen 
 only. 
 
 Concussion, especially during severe 
 mu.scular action. Injury. Rheuma- 
 tism. 
 
 Distinct swelling of aSected limb in joint. 
 Pain on manipulation of limb outwards. 
 Extension of limb limited. Catching of 
 toe on ground in the trot. 
 
 Rest. Hot fomentations in early stage, with 
 application of Liniment No. II. Afterwards 
 bli.ster over joint with Ointment No. VIII. 
 Repeat in three weeks, if necessary. 
 
 Strain or injur}-, generally due to 
 slipping. Rheumatism. 
 
 Swelling, heat and pain in joint. Diffi- 
 culty in extending the limb. 
 
 Rest. Use Liniment No. I. in early stage. 
 Blister once in three weeks with Ointment 
 No. VII. as long as necessary. 
 
 Bruised structure under cap of hock 
 or elbow, caused by rubbing hock 
 in stable, night kicking, or by shoe 
 of fore foot injuring elljow when 
 lying down. 
 
 Unsightly enlargement of hock or elbow, 
 with more or less inflammation and ulti- 
 mate chronic thickening of structures 
 involved. 
 
 Hand-rub with Liniment No. III. in early stage. 
 Then apply Liniment No. IV. three or four 
 times a day. If chronic swelling remains, 
 apply Blister No. IX. In elbow tumours only, 
 if fluid is perceptible after first treatment, 
 lance and evacuate contents, and dress with 
 Ointment No. X. 
 
 Excess of synovia in the sacs of hock 
 joint or in tendon capsule, the 
 result of rupture or strain of sac, 
 by over-exertion or accident. 
 
 Soft fluctuating swelling of hock joint. 
 If round in front and inside, called 
 "bog spavin." When in the hollows of 
 joint, and by pressure made more 
 prominent on either side, it is called 
 "thorough pin." 
 
 In first stage alternate application of hot and 
 cold water bandages. Use Liniment No. IV. 
 In second stage repeat blisters every three 
 weeks with Ointment No. VIII. If still 
 obdurate, careful application of firing iron by 
 competent surgeon. 
 
 Sprain of back tendons or ligament 
 of hock joint, result of over-exer- 
 tion, slipping or jumping. Here- 
 dity. 
 
 Swelling of back of hock joint, hard in 
 character. Lameness perceptible after 
 severe exertion. "Frequent dropping" 
 of hind limb in action. 
 
 Repeated application of Anodyne Liniment No. 
 V. In second stage Blister No. VIII. every 
 three weeks. Afterwards, if necessary, the 
 operation of firing. 
 
 Extra growth of bone in front and on 
 side of hock of varying extent; the 
 product of inflammation due to 
 over-exertion or accident in animal 
 predisposed by heredity. High 
 calkins in cart horses. 
 
 Hard bony swelling on inside and front of 
 hock joint. Lameness is more pro- 
 nounced after short rest, but will, in early 
 stages, disappear when the horse is 
 "warmed up." Wearing of the toe. 
 Lameness increased if limb is held up 
 in a flexed position for a short time. 
 
 Reiieated blistering every three weeks with 
 I51istcr No. VIII. Puncture firing in second 
 stage. If firing and blistering give no relief, 
 no cure is possible. Partial relief from lame- 
 ness may be obtained by use of Liniment No. 
 V. before work. 
 
PLATE X.— continued. 
 
 57 
 
 EXTERNAL 
 
 General Causes. 
 
 FAULTY STABLE MANAGE- 
 MENT. 
 
 OVERWORK. 
 
 General Symptoms. 
 
 INJURIES. 
 
 SPRAIN. 
 
 HEREDITY. 
 
 BAD NATURAL CONFORMA- 
 TION. 
 
 NEGLECT OF TREATMENT 
 IN EARLY STAGE. 
 
 LAMENESS, PAIN, OR 
 SWELLING— ANY OR ALL 
 OF THEM— IN AFFECTED 
 PART. 
 
 LOCAL HEAT AND INFLAM- 
 MATION. 
 
 General Treatment. 
 
 REST. REMOVAL FROM 
 CROWDED STABLE TO 
 BOX-STALL OR PADDOCK. 
 RESTRICTION TO LAXA- 
 TIVE DIET, MILD PURGA- 
 TIVE IN FIRST STAGE. 
 
 APPLICATION OF LINIMENT 
 No. III. 
 
 HOT OR COLD WATER 
 FOMENTATION. 
 
 WOUNDS : 
 GENERAL TREATMENT. 
 
 Wminds lieal either by direct union 
 of the torn structures, or by the 
 solution or sloughing of destroyed 
 tissue, and the formation of new 
 matter, all depending on the severity 
 of the laceration, or the adujission 
 into the wound of pus or detrimental 
 germs from the outside. Therefore 
 in all cases first determine extent of 
 injury, and if supeificial, or clean 
 cut, cleanse with cold spring water, 
 dress with a si'lution of bichloride of 
 mercury of the strength of one 
 antiseptic tablet to one quart of 
 water ; or with a 5 per cent, solu- 
 tion of pure carbolic acid. Dry 
 thoroughly, and then bandage with 
 compress of absorbent cotton, pre- 
 viously covered with boric acid. 
 Repeat dressing once a day with 
 pressure, where bandage can be 
 applied. It wound contains much 
 lacerated tissue, or is deep seated, 
 then first bathe well with hot water. 
 Make wound antiseptic with either of 
 the above-mentioned dressings. Re- 
 move all loose destroyed tissue, and 
 apply cotton wool, well soaked in 
 Antiseptic Solution No. XIII., secured 
 in place as well as possible. Repeat 
 bathing in amount proportioned to 
 external swelling. When pus forms, 
 irrigate frequently with a solution of 
 peroxide of hydrogen of strength 
 from 5 to 10 per cent., according to 
 the amount of pus. If the swelling 
 is hard and painful around the wound, 
 apply Liniment No. III. In wounds 
 of tendons or joints exclude air as 
 quickly as possible, by means of 
 absorbent cotton, soaked in Sol. No. 
 XV., and secured by tight bandage, 
 having previously covered wound 
 with a mixture of equal parts of 
 boiic acid and aristol. Remove 
 dressing if pain, or fever, or swelling 
 makes removal necessary. 
 
 In gun-shot wounds probe to extract 
 bullet or other foreign matter. 
 Irrigate freely with a 5 per cent, 
 solution of peroxide of hydrogen, 
 and if possible make a surgical 
 drain for discharges with the 
 knife. 
 
 In all wounds give loose diet, and 
 when there is elevation of tempera- 
 ture (traumatic fever) give Medicine 
 No. XXI. every four hours as long as 
 the fever continues. 
 
 Specified Diseases. 
 
 CANKER. 
 
 POLL-EVIL AND FISTULA 
 OF WITHERS. 
 
 THRUSH. 
 
 GREASE AND SCRATCHES. 
 
 SEEDY TOE. 
 
 SORE SHOULDERS, SADDLE 
 GALLS, AND KIDNEY 
 SORES. 
 
 BRUISES. 
 
 TUMOURS AND ABSCESSES. 
 
DISEASES. 
 
 58 
 
 special Causes. 
 
 Presence of vegetable parasite causing 
 fungous secretion of imperfect horn 
 in sole of foot. 
 
 Bruise of the ligumentous and some- 
 times bony structures underlying 
 the poll or withers, resulting from 
 injury, such as catching the neck 
 on beam, or blow, or pressure of 
 harness. 
 
 Dirty, wet, or over-heated stable. 
 Contracted heels. Bruised frog. 
 Navicular disease. 
 
 Simple or malignant inflammation of 
 skin in pan of heel. Exposure to 
 cold and wet. Standing in liquid 
 manure. Gross feeding. Eczema. 
 General neglect. 
 
 Presence of a horn parasite, between 
 outer and inner layer of horn of 
 foot. 
 
 Imperfectly fitting collar or saddle. 
 Naturally bad conformation of 
 animal. Uncleanliness and neglect. 
 Bad riding. 
 
 Injury. 
 
 Local inflammation of structures 
 immediately under the skin, or of 
 glands, resulting from injury or 
 blood poison. 
 
 Special Symptoms. 
 
 Rapid destruction of horn of whole of solt, 
 leaving ragged edges. Excessive growth 
 of new soft fungous horn, which does not 
 cohere. Characteristic foetid discharge. 
 Lameness. 
 
 Painful fluctuating swelling on the poll or 
 withers, with constant discharge of pus 
 when the skin is broken, and pressure is 
 applied to the sides of the tumor. 
 
 Foetid discharge from the cleft of frog, 
 with more or less destruction of horn of 
 frog only. 
 
 Red inflamed patches in the heel, with dis- 
 charge more or less ofiensive. Skin 
 sometimes ulcerated, and at other times 
 covered with "proud flesh" or fissures. 
 Lameness. 
 
 Slight lameness and existence of cavity 
 between the two layers of horn of walls 
 of hoof, extending from sole to coronet. 
 Cavity often contains .soft or powdered 
 horn. 
 
 In first stages a circumscribed puffy 
 swelling of skin, soon followed by loss of 
 hair, and the appearance of an open 
 sore. 
 
 A soft fluctuating swelling under skin, 
 which may contain blood, serum, or pus, 
 if occurring on the soft parts of the 
 body; but swelling is hard and tense if 
 tlie brui.se is on the bone or ligamentous 
 structures. 
 
 Hard defined swelling in any part of the 
 body distinct from the natural .struc- 
 tures, becoming soft only when pus 
 forms. 
 
 Special Treatment. 
 
 Total removal of diseased horn. Apply to sole of 
 foot Ointments No. XXXVII. and X. on alter- 
 nate days, applying as much mechanical 
 pressure to sole as possible with cotton 
 wool pads. 
 
 EflScient incisions aimed to obtain a free discharge 
 of pus. Thorough irrigation with a 5 per 
 cent, solution of carbolic acid or a 20 per cent, 
 solution of peroxide of hydrogen or a one per 
 cent, solution of bichloride of mercury. These 
 solutions to be used in turn. 
 
 Cleanse thoroughly with solution of perehloride 
 of mercury, one part to fifty of alcohol. Pare 
 out diseased frog, and dress daily with 
 calomel inserted in cleft of frog on piece of 
 cotton-wool. 
 
 In simple cases apply Ointment No. X. with 
 dry bandage. In severe cases bathe heels 
 alternately with hot and cold water, dry 
 thoroughly, and apply Ointment No. XII. 
 alternated with Ointment No. XXXVIII., and 
 bandage at night. Give tablespoonful of 
 Powder No. XVI. once daily in food. 
 
 Cut away sufficient horn to allow of the insertion 
 of a mixture of equal parts of glycerine and 
 carbolic acid, so as to reach all affected horn. 
 
 Cleanse thoroughly with antiseptic solution No. 
 XV., and apply Liniment No. III. three times 
 a day. After forty-eight hours substitute No. 
 X. Ointment. In the event of sloughing of 
 any diseased skin, use Ointment No. 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 If swelling is great, bathe with hot water, dry 
 thoroughly, and use Liniment No. III. If 
 swelling is slight, apply cold water application 
 and Lotion No. VI. If fluid or pus forms, 
 lance when ripe. Evacuate contents, and 
 irrigate with a 10 per cent, solution of 
 peroxide of hydrogen. 
 
 If hard, use first Liniment No. I., and if persis- 
 tent, blister with No. VIII. When swelling 
 fluctuates, lance freely, and evacuate contents 
 and irrigate with a 10 per cent. sol. of 
 peroxide of hydrogen. If induration remain, 
 the tumour must be dissected out by com- 
 petent surgeon. 
 
Index, 
 
 Abdominal Diseases ... 
 
 Form of Influenza 
 Abscesses 
 
 Abscesses, Opening of 
 Abscesses in Strangles 
 Acarus Scabiei ... 
 Actinomycosis 
 Actual Cautery 
 
 Actual Cautery, Use of the 
 
 Administration of Medicines 
 
 Alimentary System, Diseases of the 
 Aloes, must be of good quality 
 Amaurosis (Glass Eye) 
 Animal Parasites 
 Anthra.x ... 
 
 Antiseptic Treatment of Wounds 
 Apoplectic Enteritis ... 
 Apoplexy, Cerebral 
 
 Apoplexy, Intestinal 
 
 Apoplexy, Pulmonary 
 
 Apoplexy, Splenic, or Anthrax 
 
 Appliances 
 
 Arsenic and Other Irritant Poisons 
 
 Asthma and Broken Wind ... 
 
 Atrophy of Shoulder Muscles 
 
 Azoturia 
 
 Atropine for Ophthalmia 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 37 — 40 Cerebral Apoplexy 
 
 ... 4:; Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis ... 
 
 ... 57 Charbon or Anthrax 
 
 19 Chest, Diseases of the 
 
 44 Chloroform 
 
 51 Choking, Use of the Probang for 
 
 Chorea ... 
 
 ... 28 Chronic Bronchitis ... 
 
 iQ Circulatory System, Diseases of the Respi 
 
 15—16 arid, Plate VI 
 
 33, 37 to 40 Clysters 
 
 15 Cold 
 
 31 Colic 
 
 . . 5' Congestion of Brain... 
 
 ... 45 Congestion of Kidneys 
 
 ... 53 Congestion of Liver 
 
 8 Congestion of Lungs 
 
 2Q— 30 Conjunctivitis ... 
 
 8 Constipation ... 
 
 41 Contagious Diseases ... 
 
 ... 45 Contracted Feet 
 
 ... 28 Cord, Inflammation of the Spinal 
 
 ..- 5' Cornea, Opacity of the 
 
 ... 43 Corns 
 
 53 Coryza, or Discharge from Eyes ... 
 
 47 Cough ... 
 
 ... 32 Cracked Heels 
 
 Curb 
 
 Cystitis ... 
 
 41- 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 ... 29 
 
 ... 29 
 
 ... 45 
 
 -44 
 
 19 
 
 34 
 
 29 
 
 42 
 
 ratory 
 
 41—44 
 
 ... 17 
 
 41, 43 
 
 ... 37 
 
 ... 29 
 
 ... 47 
 
 ••■ 39 
 
 ... 41 
 
 ... 31 
 
 ... 15 
 
 ... 45 
 
 ... 53 
 
 ... 29 
 
 ... 31 
 
 ... 55 
 
 ... 44 
 
 •■• 43 
 
 ... 55 
 
 ... 55 
 
 ... 47 
 
 Balls, the Method of Giving Medicine by ... 16 
 
 Bilious Fever and Bilious Influenza ... ... 43 
 
 Bladder, Inflammation of the ... ... ... 47 
 
 Bladder, Stone in the ... ... ... ... 47 
 
 Bleeding, General Account of ... ... ... 20 
 
 Bleeding, Inflammation of the Brain ... ... 29 
 
 Bleeding, Inflammation of the Lungs ... ... 42 
 
 Blistering ... ... ... ... ... ... iq 
 
 Blood in the Urine... ... ... 48 
 
 Blood Spavin ... 55 
 
 Bloody Flux or Dysentery ... ... ... ... 39 
 
 Bog Spavin 55 
 
 Bone Spavin ... ... ... ... ... ... 55 
 
 Bots 51 
 
 Bowels, Stoppage of the 37 
 
 Brain, Diseases of the, and of the Nervous 
 
 System, Plate I. ... ... ... 29 — 30 
 
 Broken Knees, Treatment of, given under 
 
 Wounds ... ... ... ... ... 53 
 
 Broken Wind ... ... ... ... ... ... 43 
 
 Bronchitis ... ... ... ... ... ... 41 
 
 Bruises ... 57 
 
 Calkins, High ... 
 
 Canker 
 
 Cantharides, as a Cause of Cystitis 
 
 Capped Hock 
 
 Cardiac Diseases 
 
 Cataracts 
 
 Catarrh, or Nasal Gleet 
 
 Catheter, Passing the Urethral 
 
 Cautery, Actual, Use of the 
 
 41- 
 
 56 
 57 
 48 
 55 
 -43 
 31 
 41 
 20 
 
 19 
 
 Diabetes, Insipidus 
 
 Diabetes, Mellitus 
 
 Diagnosis 
 
 Diarrhoea 
 
 Diet 
 
 ... 49 
 ... 47 
 12 — 14 
 ■ •■ 39 
 17 
 
 Digestive Organs, Diseases of the, Plate V. 37 — 40 
 Digitalis, as a Remedy for Pneumonia, Heart 
 
 Disease, Broken Wind ... ... ... 15 
 
 Diseases of the Alimentary Canal 33 and 37 to 40 
 
 Bladder ' 47 
 
 Bowels ... 37 — 40 
 
 Brain ... ... ... ... ... ... 29 
 
 Bronchi ... ... ... ... ... ... 41 
 
 — — • Digestive Organs 33 and 37 to 40 
 
 Eye 3' 
 
 Heart ... 43 
 
 Kidneys ... ... ... ... ... 47 
 
 Larynx 41. 43 
 
 Liver ... 39 
 
 Mouth ... 33 
 
 Nervous System 29 
 
 Respiratory System ... ... ... ... 4' 
 
 Spinal Cord ... ... ... ■.• ... 29 
 
 Skin 35 
 
 Skin, due to Animal Parasites 51 
 
 Skin, due to Vegetable Parasites 5' 
 
 Tongue ... ... ... ... ... •.- 33 
 
 Disinfection ... ... ... ... ... .■ 22 
 
 Distemper or Strangles 43 
 
 Drenches, Th'_ Mode of Giving Medicine bv ... is 
 
 Drugs 27 
 
 Dysentery 39 
 
 Dyspepsia ... ... ... ■■ •■ .• 37 
 
6o 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Eczema ... 
 Elbow, Capped 
 
 Elbow Tumour 
 
 Endocarditis ... 
 Encmata 
 
 Enteric Apoplexy ... 
 
 Enteritis... 
 
 Entozoa, or Internal Animal Parasites 
 
 Erythema 
 
 Explanation of Charts 
 
 External Diseases, Plate X. 
 Extraction of Tumours 
 Eye, Diseases of the, Plate II. ... 
 Eye, Glass (Amaurosis) 
 
 Farcy 
 
 Favus, a Kind of Ringworm 
 
 Feeding 
 
 Feet, Contraction of the 
 
 Filaria Oculi ... 
 
 Firing 
 
 Firing, Prick 
 
 Fistula of Withers 
 
 Flat Worms 
 
 Flatulence 
 
 Flatulent Colic 
 
 Fleam, or Bleeding Lancet 
 
 Fomentations 
 
 Food ... 
 
 Feet, Contraction of the 
 
 Inflammation of the ... 
 
 • Injuries of the ... 
 
 Pricks of the ... 
 
 Shoeing of the 
 
 Fever, Rheumatic 
 
 Scarlet ... 
 
 Splenic (Anthrax) 
 
 Foimder 
 
 Friction Sounds are heard in Pleurisy 
 Frog, Diseases of the (Thrush) 
 
 P.AGE. 
 
 ••• 35 
 
 ... 55 
 
 ... 55 
 
 ■■■ 43 
 
 ... 17 
 
 ... 37 
 
 • ■■ 37 
 
 ... 51 
 
 ■■■ 35 
 
 53—58 
 ... ig 
 31—32 
 
 45 
 5' 
 17 
 53 
 31 
 19 
 28 
 57 
 51 
 37 
 37 
 20 
 17 
 17 
 53 
 53 
 55 
 1 1 
 
 19, 
 
 45 
 45 
 45 
 53 
 4^ 
 57 
 
 I 
 
 Impaction of Large Intestines 
 
 Impaction of Stomach 
 
 Incised Wounds 
 
 Indigestion 
 
 Infections, Specific, Diseases, Plate VII. 
 
 Inflammation of Bladder 
 
 of Bowels 
 
 Brain (Mad Staggers) 
 
 Bronchi ... 
 
 Conjunctiva 
 
 Feet 
 
 Heart 
 
 Internal Eye ... 
 
 Intestines 
 
 Kidneys ... 
 
 Larynx ... 
 
 Liver 
 
 Lungs 
 
 Mouth, Gums, &c. 
 
 Pleura 
 
 Spinal Cord 
 
 Stomach (Gastritis) 
 
 Throat 
 
 Testicles 
 
 Tongue ... 
 
 Udder 
 
 Womb 
 
 Inflammatory (Edema 
 
 Influenza 
 
 Injuries to the Feet ... 
 
 Instruments 
 
 Intestinal Diseases 
 
 Obstruction 
 
 Rupture ... 
 
 Twists ... 
 
 Intussusception... 
 
 Iodine in Cases of Glanders 
 
 Ipecacuanha in Cases of Dvsenter 
 
 Itch 
 
 Irregularities of the Heart 
 
 Instruments 
 
 Introduction 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 37 
 37 
 53 
 37 
 45 
 47 
 37 
 29 
 
 41 
 31 
 
 53 
 43 
 31 
 37 
 47 
 41 
 39 
 41 
 33 
 41 
 29 
 
 37 
 33 
 49 
 33 
 49 
 49 
 45 
 43 
 55 
 28 
 37 
 37 
 38, 40 
 38 
 38 
 46 
 40 
 51 
 
 '; 44 
 
 27 
 
 7—9 
 
 Gad-Fly ... ... ... ... ... ... 52 
 
 Gall-Bladder is implicated in Liver Diseases... 3g 
 Gastritis ... ... ... ... ... ... 37 
 
 Generative Organs, Diseases of the Urinarv and, 
 
 Plate VIII ■ 
 
 Glanders 
 
 Glossitis (Inflammation of the Tongue) ... 
 
 Gorged Stomach (Impaction) 
 
 Grease ... 
 
 Gresswell, the late Mr. D. 
 
 Grunting 
 
 ■Gullet Inflammation of (Pharyngitis) 
 Gunshot Wounds 
 
 H 
 
 Hsematuria (Blood in the Urine) 
 
 Hemorrhage ... 
 
 Heart, Diseases of the 
 
 Herbs, Poisonous 
 
 Heredity as a Cause of Broken Wind 
 
 Nervous Diseases 
 
 Roaring... 
 
 Splints, Spavins, Curbs, &c. 
 
 Hints ... 
 
 Hip-Joint Lameness ... 
 
 Hock, Capped ... 
 
 Hydrophobia, or Rabies 
 Hypodermic Injection 
 
 Jaundice ... 
 
 Joint, Open (See Under Wounds) 
 
 K 
 
 39 
 53 
 
 47—50 
 
 
 
 
 •• 45 
 
 Kidney Sores ... 
 
 
 • 57 
 
 •■ 33 
 
 Kidneys, Inflammation of the 
 
 
 • ■ 47 
 
 ■ ■ 37 
 
 Should not be violently 
 
 acted upon by 
 
 ■■ 57 
 .. 9 
 
 •■ 44 
 ■■• 33 
 
 drugs ... 
 
 
 7, 48 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 ... 53 
 
 Lacerated Wounds 
 
 
 •• 53 
 
 
 Lameness from Spavin 
 
 
 ■ • 55 
 
 
 • Splint 
 
 
 •■ 53 
 
 
 Sprung Hock 
 
 
 •• 53 
 
 ... 48 
 
 Lameness in Founder or Laminitis 
 
 •■ 53 
 
 12 
 
 Navicular Disease 
 
 
 •• 53 
 
 •■■ 43 
 
 Laminitis 
 
 
 ■■ 53 
 
 ... 51 
 
 Lampas ... 
 
 
 II 
 
 ... 44 
 
 Laryngitis and QJdematous Lary 
 
 ngitis 
 
 • • 41 
 
 ... 2Q 
 
 Lice 
 
 
 .. 51 
 
 ... 44 
 
 Liver, Congestion of the 
 
 
 • • 39 
 
 54—56 
 
 Inflammation of the ... 
 
 
 • • 39 
 
 10 — 1 1 
 
 Lock-Jaw 
 
 
 ■ ■ 45 
 
 ... 55 
 
 Lung Fever 
 
 
 ■ • 43 
 
 ... 55 
 
 Lungs, Congestion of the 
 
 
 .. 41 
 
 ... 45 
 
 Inflammation of the, or Pneumonia 
 
 .. 41 
 
 ... 16 
 
 Lymphangitis, or Weed 
 
 
 .- 45 
 
INDEX. 
 
 6i 
 
 M 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Mad Staggers... 
 
 Malleine, Use of, for the Detection of Glanders 
 
 Mallenders 
 
 Mange ... 
 
 Megrims 
 
 Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal ... 
 
 Method of Bleeding 
 
 Blistering 
 
 Firing 
 
 Giving an Enema 
 Unnerving 
 Diseases of the, Plate III. 
 
 Mouth, 
 
 inrtammation of the 
 
 Mud Fever (Erythema) 
 Muscular Rheumatism 
 
 33- 
 
 2g Poll-Evil 
 
 22 Poll-P:vil, Operations for Fistulous 
 
 36 and ... 
 
 51 Probang, Use of the, in Choking 
 
 2g Prescriptions, Drugs, &c. 
 
 29 Prevention of Anthrax 
 
 20 Disease 
 
 iQ Pricks in Shoeing 
 
 iQ Probang, Passing the 
 
 17 Pulmonarv Inflammation, or Pneumonia ... 
 
 21 Pulse 
 
 -34 Purgative Drug "Aloes" must be of 
 
 33 quality... 
 
 35 Purpura Haemorrhagiea 
 
 45 Pus 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 57 
 
 Withers 
 
 ... 21 
 
 21 
 
 ... 23 — 28 
 
 46, 22 
 
 ... 22 
 
 II 
 
 2r 
 
 4> 
 12 
 
 good 
 
 15 
 45 
 
 Navicular Disease 
 Nematode Worms 
 
 N 
 
 (Round) 
 
 Q 
 
 Nephritis or Inflammation of the Kidneys 
 
 Nervous Svstem, Diseases of the Brain, and, 
 
 Plate I 
 
 Nettie-Rash, or Urticaria ... 
 
 Neurotomy, or Unnerving 
 
 Nostrils, inhalation by the 
 
 Novocain, Useful for Minor Operations 
 
 Nursing ... ... ... .. ... ■■. i/- 
 
 Obstruclion, Intestinal 
 
 ffidema, Inflammatory 
 
 CEdematous Laryngitis 
 
 Qistrus Equi or CJad-fly 
 
 Opacity of Cornea 
 
 Open joint (See under Wounds) ... 
 
 Operations ... ... ... ig- 
 
 • ■ Bleeding 
 
 Blistering 
 
 For Sand-crack 
 
 Firing 
 
 Neurotomy 
 
 Tracheotomy 
 
 Trephining 
 
 Ophthalmia 
 
 Orchitis 
 
 Pain held in Check ... 
 Pain in Enteritis 
 Palpitation of the Heart 
 Paracentesis Thoracis 
 Paralysis or Cerebral Apoplexy 
 
 of Throat 
 
 Parasites, Animal 
 
 Vegetable 
 
 in Skin, Diseases due to 
 
 Parturition, Difficult ... 
 Peritonitis 
 
 Pharyngitis 
 
 Phenol or Carbolic Acid as an Antiseptic 
 
 Pulse 
 
 Pink Eye 
 
 Physostigmine, Intravenous Injection of Sul- 
 phate of 
 
 Plethoric Horses, Bleeding of 
 
 Pleurisy 
 Pneumonia 
 
 Pointing in Navicular Disease 
 
 Poisons and Parasites, Diseases due to, Plate IX. 
 
 53 
 51 
 47 
 
 29 
 
 35 
 21 
 26 
 21 
 -iS 
 
 37 
 45 
 4^ 
 52 
 31 
 53 
 -21 
 20 
 IQ 
 56 
 19 
 
 21 
 20 
 20 
 31 
 
 49 
 
 7 
 38 
 44 
 42 
 29 
 
 33 
 51 
 51 
 51 
 49 
 39 
 33 
 24 
 13 
 43 
 
 7 
 42 
 41 
 41 
 54 
 51 
 
 Quarter Crack 
 Quittor ... 
 
 5S 
 55 
 
 Rabies 
 
 Respirations 
 
 Respiratory S\-stem, Diseases of the Circulatory 
 
 and, Plate VI 41- 
 
 Repair of Wounds 
 
 Rest 17, 
 
 Retention of Urine 
 Rheumatism ... 
 Ringbone 
 Ringworm 
 Roarers ... 
 Roaring ... 
 Round Worms ... 
 
 s 
 
 Saddle Galls 
 
 Salic>late of Sodium for Rheumatism 
 
 Sandcrack 
 
 Sallenders 
 
 Scabies 
 
 Scarlet Fever ... 
 
 Scratches 
 
 Seated Shoes ... 
 
 Seat of Corns ... 
 
 Seedy Toe 
 
 Setoning ... 
 
 Shoulder-Blade Lameness 
 
 Sidebones 
 
 Shoeing ... 
 
 Skin, Diseases of the, Plate IV. 
 
 Slings 
 
 Sore Shoulders 
 
 Spasms of Tetanus 
 Spasmodic Colic 
 Spavin, Blood ... 
 
 Bog 
 
 Bone 
 
 Specific Infectious Diseases, Plate VII. 
 
 .Spinal Cord, Inflammation of the ... 
 
 Splint 
 
 Staggers, Mad 
 
 Stomach ... 
 
 Stomach, Inflammation of ... 
 Stomatitis (Inflammation of Mouth) 
 Stifle Joint Lameness 
 
 .Stoppage in the Bowels 
 Strangles 
 
 45 
 12 
 
 44 
 53 
 
 22 
 
 4S 
 45 
 53 
 51 
 20 
 
 43 
 51 
 
 57 
 2+ 
 55 
 
 3& 
 51 
 45 
 57 
 56 
 56 
 57 
 19 
 53 
 53 
 1 1 
 
 35 
 iS 
 
 57 
 46 
 37 
 
 55 
 55 
 55 
 45 
 29 
 53 
 
 29 
 
 37 
 37 
 33 
 55 
 37 
 43 
 
62 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 S 
 
 Stringhalt 
 
 Sulphurous Acid Gas as a Disinfectant 
 
 Sunstroke 
 
 Surgical Operations 
 Sutures ... 
 Suturing Wounds 
 Sweeny ... 
 
 PAGE. 
 ... 29 
 
 22 
 
 ... 20 
 IQ— 21 
 
 ... ig 
 ... 19 
 ... 53 
 
 Unnerving 
 
 Urethral Catheter, Passing the 
 
 Urination, Profuse in Diabetes 
 
 D. Insipidus ... 
 Urticaria (Nettle Rash) 
 Use of the Probang for Choking 
 
 Mellitus 
 
 P.\GE. 
 
 ... 21 
 
 ... 20 
 
 and 
 
 48, 50 
 
 •■• 35 
 
 ... 21 
 
 Tapeworms 
 
 Teeth, Disorders of the 
 
 Temperature 
 
 Tendons, Sprained 
 
 Tetanus, or Lock-jaw 
 
 Thermometer 
 
 Thorough-Pin ... 
 
 Three-quarter Shoe for Corns 
 
 Thread Worms 
 
 Throat, Diseases of the 
 
 Thrush ... 
 
 Tongue, Inflammation of the 
 
 Tracheotomy 
 
 Traumatic tever 
 
 Tetanus 
 
 Trephining 
 
 Tumours 
 
 T^x-npanitis, or Distention 
 
 51 
 33 
 13 
 53 
 45 
 28 
 55 
 56 
 51 
 33 
 57 
 33 
 20 
 
 55 
 46 
 20 
 57 
 38 
 
 Vegetable Parasites 
 Ventilation 
 Vertigo ... 
 
 w 
 
 Warts 
 
 Wasted Shoulders 
 
 Weed, or Lymphangitis 
 
 Whistling 
 
 Wind-Galls ... 
 
 Withers, Operation for Fistulous, and Poll-E\ 
 
 Woolsorters' Disease, or Anthrax 
 
 Worms ... 
 
 Wounds ... 
 
 Yellows, The, or Jaundice 
 
 .. 51 
 18, 22 
 .. 30 
 
 35 
 53 
 
 45 
 44 
 53 
 
 45 
 51 
 53 
 
 39 
 
 Printed by tlie Yorkshire Printiug Company, Limited, Hull Koad, York. 
 
V\/e'QSter Famiiy Librai'y ot Veterinary ¥,8dicine 
 Cumminos Schoni of Veterinary iVledicine at 
 Tufts University 
 200 Westboro Road 
 North Grafton, iVIA 01 536 
 

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