\ I f\ i ; H . f * f Ml B^> "-""''?" »»—»»—«»■— ■» ■mn in nil —■—'■——■" " nmmimuj -■-■■■ UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL IHIl II 10003058511 OLD ROUGH AND READY SERIES. 1. OLD ROUGH AND READY. YOUNG FOLKS' LIFE OF GEN. ZACHARY TAYLOR. 2. OLD HICKORY. YOUNG FOLKS" LIFE OF GEN. ANDREW JACKSON. 3. THE MILL BOY OF THE SLASHES. YOUNG FOLKS' LIFE OF HENRY CLAY. 4. THE GREAT EXPOUNDER. YOUNG FOLKS' LIFE OF DANIEL WEBSTER. 5. THE SWAMP FOX. YOUNG FOLKS' LIFE OF GEN. FRANCIS MARION. 6. THE LITTLE CORPORAL. YOUNG FOLKS' LIFE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. LEE AND SHEPARD, Publishers, BOSTON. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill http://www.archive.org/details/oldhickoryyoungfOOfros Portrait of Jackson. OLD ROUGH AND READY SERIES LD HICKOR\ 7 YOUNG FOLKS 1 LIFE GEN. ANDREW JACKSON SEVENTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES By JOHN FROST ILLUSTRATED BOSTON LEE AND SHEPARD PUBLISHERS NEW YORK CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM 1887 Copyright, 1SS7, By LEE AND SHEPARD. All rights reserved. Old Rough and Ready Series. PREFACE. N the 8th day of June, less than one month ago— died, in the fullness of his years and honours, the great citizen and soldier, Andrew Jackson It will be for the men of another age to pass a calm and enduring judgment upon the influence of his remarkable career upon the character and destinies of the nation. But as a military commander of the most splendid abilities; as a statesman who has occupied the highest place in the gift of the people, with a courage and strength of intellect which have made his name familiar through the world ; as a brave, patriotic and high- souled American ; he is even now contemplated by the men of every opinion and party. C 3 ) IV PREFACE. He lived a hero, and died a Christian. He is gone from a world where he was recognised as among the greatest of men, to an immortal com- panionship with the greatest and purest of all the ages. We have, in this little volume, sketched his his- tory with carefulness and candour, and present the record to our young countrymen, to be placed with that of the life of our Washington, among the models to be imitated by all who would attain a similar elevation in the world. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Birth and Parentage of Jackson — Death of his Father— An exemplary Mother — Jackson is sent to School . . . .„ .. . .Page 9 CHAPTER II. Life during the Revolutionary War — Invasion of South Carolina by the British — Attack on the Waxhaw Settlement — Jackson enters the Amer- ican Army — His first Field — His quickness of conception — A desperate Affair — A Stratagem of the Enemy — Capture of Jackson — Attempted in- dignity — Resistance of Jackson — He is wounded — Hobkirk Hill — Anec- dote 13 CHAPTER III. Close of the Revolutionary War — Death of Jackson's Erother and Mother- Severe Illness — Jackson enters upon the enjoyment of his Patrimony — Squanders it — Sudden resolution — Jackson studies Law — Is admitted to Practice — Receives the appointment of Solicitor 22 CHAPTER IV. Jackson emigrates to Tennessee— Anecdotes of his Life while practising as a Lawyer — A hazardous Adventure — Timely warning .. 25 CHAPTER V. Jackson locates himself permanently at Nashville — Expeditions against the Indians — "Sharp Knife" — Jackson makes the acquaintance of Mrs. Ro- bards — His Marriage ^. 1 1 (5) VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. Jackson applies himself to his Profession — Trouble with the "Bullies" — H« is elected a Representative in Congress — Resigns — Is appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Tennessee — -Anecdote — He resigns the Judgeship — Retirement 35 CHAPTER VII. A Duel — Jackson enters into the Mercantile business — Dishonesty of aia Partner — Noble conduct of Jackson 3tf CHAPTER VIII. Adventure with an Indian Agent 42 CHAPTER DL War of 1812 — Jackson is placed in command of twenty-five hundred men— » Marches to Natchez — Is ordered by the Secretary of War to dismiss his men — Refuses — Returns to Tennessee 45 CHAPTER X. The Indian Campaign — Massacre at Fort Mimms— Jackson again takes the Field — Battle of Tallushatchee— An Indian protege 52 CHAPTER XI. Battle of Talladega 60 CHAPTER XII. Privations of the Army — Anecdote — Mutiny of the Troops — Firmness of Jackson 64 CHAPTER XIII. Battle of Emuckfaw —Of Enotoc^opco — Cowardice of Stump and Perkins 77 CONTENTS. VII CHAPTER XIV. Battle of Tohopeka — Kindness of Jackson . ...«,... 81 CHAPTER XV Continuation of the Indian Campaign — Jackson's Address to the Army- Submission of the Indians — Disbanding of the Troops 88 CHAPTER XVI. Southern Campaign against the British — Jackson is appointed a Major-Gen- eral of the United States — Duplicity of the Spanish Governor of Pensacola —Defeat of the British at Fort Bowyer — Jackson captures Pensacoia — Approach of a large hostile Force . 95 CHAPTER XVII. Jackson at New Orleans — Discouraging circumstances 100 CHAPTER XVIII. Battle of the 23d of December „ 103 CHAPTER XDL Further operations — Fortification of the City — Supposed disaffection— Skh mish of the 1st of January .„ 119 CHAPTER XX. Eighth of January, 1815 — A Deserter — The British advance to the attack — Terrible slaughter — Fall of Packenham — Defeat of the British — Re- w ud of Treachery 130 CHAPTER XXI. New Orleans after the Battle — Jackson is fined one thousand dollars. .. 141 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXII. Jackson returns to Tennessee — Difficulties with the Seminoles — Jackson en ters Florida — Captures St. Mark's — Execution of Arbuthnot and Ambriste? — Destruction of Suwaney and Mickasuky — Jackson takes possession of Pensacola — End of the Seminole Campaign 145 CHAPTER XXIII Jackson after the Seminole War 154 CHAPTER XXIV. Acquisition of the Floridas — Jackson appointed Governor — Enters upon tha duties of his office — His resignation — He is elected a Senator of the United States 157 CHAPTER XXV. Tackson is nominated for the Presidency — Receives a majority of the populai vote, but is defeated in the House of Representatives — Jackson's second nomination — He is triumphantly elected in 1828 — Re-elected in 1832— Retires from public life 16J> CHAPTER XXVI. TLd last hours of Jackson — His Death - _....... 168 CHAPTER XXVII. Funeral Honours — Character of Jackson — His personal appearance. . ., 171 LIFE ANDREW JACKSON. CHAPTER I. HIS BIRTH AND PARENTAGE. NDREW JACKSON was born on the 15th of March, 1767, in the state of South Carolina. This distinguished hero can trace no line of splendid ancestry. He may, however, boast of having sprung from a race distinguished for honesty, wj courage, and generous hospitality, v His father (Andrew) was the youngest son of a Scotch family, whose ancestors had at some remote period emigrated to the north of Ireland. To escape the troubles brought upon that country by the English government, Andrew Jackson, with his wife and two sons, Hugh and Robert, emigrated to Charleston, Scuth Carolina, in 17G5. Having 10 LIFE O F purchased a tract of land in what was then called the " Waxhaw settlement," (about forty-five miles above Camden, and near the boundary line of North Carolina,) he left Charleston shortly after, and set- tled here with his family. In two years after his arrival at the Waxhaw settlement, Andrew Jackson, the subject of our biography, was born. Thus do we see that to no long line of titled ancestors, to no extensive connection with the wealthy and influen- tial, is General Jackson indebted for the high place he occupies in the confidence and affections of his countrymen, and the rank he is destined to hold among the good and the great of mankind. The progress of General Jackson, from the " plough to the presidency," is an instructive and encouraging lesson to the youth of his country. Shortly after the birth of Jackson, his father died, leaving himself and his two brothers under the sole protection and guardianship of their mother. And well did this remarkable woman deserve and execute the duties of her station. It has been said, that many great men have been indebted for their success to the early principles and lessons inculcated by a wise mother. The life of General Jackson is an additional proof of the correctness of this remark ; for the many acts of female heroism, and devotion ANDREW JACKSON. 11 both to her family and her adopted country, prove that the mother of our hero was a woman of no common mind. She appears to have been an exem- plary woman, and to have executed the arduous duties which had devolved on her with great faith- fulness and with much success. To the lessons she inculcated on the youthful minds of her sons was, no doubt, owing, in a great measure, that fixed op- position to British tyranny and oppression which afterward so much distinguished them. Often would she spend the winter's evenings in recount- ing to them the sufferings of their grandfather at the siege of Carrickfergus, and the oppressions exercised by the nobility of Ireland over the labour ing poor ; impressing it upon them, as a first duty, to expend their lives, if it should become necessary, in defending and supporting the natural rights of man. Inheriting but a small patrimony from their father, it was impossible that all the sons could receive an expensive education. The two eldest were, there- fore, only taught the rudiments of their mother tongue, at a common country school. But Andrew, being intended by his mother for the ministry, was sent to a flourishing academy at the Waxhaw meeting-house, superintended by Mr. Humphries 12 LIFE OP Here he was placed on the study of the dead Ian guages, and continued until the revolutionary war, extending its ravages into that section of South Carolina where he then was, rendered it necessary Jiat every one should betake himself to the Ameri- can standard, seek protection with the enemy, oi (lee his country. ANDREW JACKSON. 13 CHAPTER II. LIFE DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. N 1775, when the revolutionary war broke out, Andrew Jackson was but eight years old. Although it was some years afterwards when its bloody foot- steps approached his rosidencc, he heard of its battles and its horrors from afar, and may be said to have grown up amidst war's alarms. All around him the men were train- ins themselves for battle, and from his mother and teacher he received constant lessons of patriotic devotion. It was not long, however, before Jackson had an opportunity of being an eye-witness to the butcher- ies of a savage war. South Carolina was invaded by the British in 1779, and in the early part of 1780 the war was pushed with renewed vigour, and reached the hitherto peaceful settlement of tha Waxhaws. 14 L I F E OF On the 29th May, 1780, a division of the Ameri- can army, under Colonel Buford, was attacked in the Waxhaw settlement by Colonel Tarleton, and suffered a total defeat. One hundred and fifteen of the Americans were killed, and one hundred and fifty desperately wounded. Some of the men had received no less than thirteen wounds. The Wax- haw meeting-house was converted into a hospital ; and here had the young Jackson an opportunity of witnessing the horrors of war. The mangled bodies of his countrymen, presented a sad confirmation of those impressions made upon his youthful mind by the tales of English cruelty which he had so often heard from his mother and kindred. Shortly after this, Mrs. Jackson, with her two sons, Robert and Andrew (she had already lost her eldest, Hugh, who perished in the battle of Stono), retired before the invading army into North Caro- lina. Here she remained but a short time, and, re- turning to the Waxhaws, her two sons entered the ranks of the American army, and were present at the battle of Hanging Rock, on the 6th of iVugust, 1780, in which their corps particularly distinguished itself. This was General Jackson's first field, and he was little over thirteen years old on the day of the battle. ANDREW JACKSON. 15 In the month of September following, Mrs. Jack eon and her sons, with most of the Waxhaw set- tlers, were again compelled to retire before the Bri- tish army into North Carolina. They returned, however, in February, 1781, as soon as they heard that Lord Cornwallis had crossed the Yadkin. The war had now assumed a degree of savage ferocity. Private revenge, on both sides, found ready means of gratification in this system of partisan warfare. The laws were not enforced, and there were no courts to protect innocence or punish crime, — men hunted each other like beasts of prey, and the sava- ges were outdone in cruelty. In such a school was our hero tutored. Boys, big enough to carry mus- kets, incurred the dangers of men. Robert and Andrew Jackson had their guns and their horses, and were almost always in company with some armed party of their kindred and neighbours. Men could not sleep unguarded in their own houses, with- out danger of being surprised and murdered. It was upon such an occasion, that Andrew Jack- son gave the first illustration of that quickness of conception, and readiness of action, which after wards placed him in the highest rank of military chieftains. A patriot captain, named Lands, de- sired to spend a night with his family. The two 16 LIFE O F Jacksons and six others constituted his guard ; the} were in all nine men and seven muskets. Having no expectations of an attack, they all, with the ex- ception of a British deserter, who was one of the party, went to sleep. Lands' house was in the cen- tre of an enclosed yard, and had two doors, facing east and west. In front of the east door stood a forked apple-tree. In the south-west corner of the yard were a corn-crib and stable, under one roof, ranging east and west. On the south was a wood, and through this wood passed the road which led to the house. A party of the Tories had become apprised of Lands' return, and had determined to surprise and kill mm. Approaching through the wood, and tying their horses behind the stable, they divided into two par- ties, one going round the east end of the stable, in- tending to enter the east door of the house, while the other went round the west end, making for the west door. At this moment, the soldier, who was awake, hearing some noise in the direction of the stable, went out to see what was the matter, and perceived the party, which was entering the yard at the east end of the building. Running back in ter- ror, he seized Andrew Jackson, who was nearest ills i IP Jackson's Pkesenck of Mind. ANDREW JACKSON. 17 the door, by the hair, exclaiming, " the Tories are upon us !" Our young hero ran out, and putting nis gun through the fork of the apple-tree, hailed the approaching band. Having repeated his hail and received no answer, and perceiving that the party still rapidly advanced, and were now only a few rods distant, he fired. A volley was returned, which killed the soldier, who, having aroused the inmates of the house, had followed young Jackson, and was standing near him. The other band of Tories had now emerged from the west end of the stable, and mistaking the discharge of the advance party, then nearly on a line between them and the apple-tree, for the fire of a sallying party from the house, commenced a sharp fire upon their own friends. Thus both parties were brought to a stand. Young Andrew, after discharging his gun, returned into the house ; and with two others com- menced a fire from the west door, where both of his companions were shot down, one of them with a mortal wound. The Tories still kept up the fire upon each other, as well as upon the house, until startled by the sound of a cavalry bugle in the distance, — they be- took themselves to their horses, and fled. The charge was sounded by a Major Isbel, of the ncigh- B 18 LI FE OF bourhood, who had not a man with him, but, hear- ing the firing, and knowing that Lands was attacked, gave the blast upon his trumpet to alarm the assail- ants. General Jackson was then only fourteen years old ; but who does not recognise in the boy of 1781 the general of 1814? By his fire from the apple- tree he brought the enemy to a stand, and saved his little party from capture and massacre; by rushing down upon the enemy on the night of December 1814, he saved an army from capture, and a city from plunder. It was not long after the above occurrence tha about forty of the Waxhaw settlers, among whom were young Jackson, had rendezvoused at the meet- ing-house. After their return from North Carolina, the British commander had despatched Major Coffin, with a corps of light dragoons, to the settlement. When the enemy approached the place of rendez- vous, they kept a band of Tories, dressed in the common garb of the country, in front, so that the patriots who had been in expectation of a friendly company, under Captain Nisbett, were completely deceived, and fell an easy prey to this stratagem. Eleven of them were taken prisoners, tho rest with difficulty ftad, scattering, and betaking themselves ANDREW JACKSON. 19 to the woods for concealment. Of those who thus escaped, though closely pursued, were Andrew Jack- son and his brother, who, entering a secret bend in a creek that was close at hand, obtained a moment- ary respite from danger, and avoided, for the night, the pursuit of the enemy. The next day, however, having gone to a neighbouring house for the pur- pose of procuring something to eat, they were broken in upon, and made prisoners, by Coffin's dra- goons and a party of Tories who accompanied them. The young men, with a view to security, had placed their horses in the wood, on the margin of a small creek, and posted on the road which led by the house a sentinel, that they might have in- formation of any approach, and in time to be able to elude it. But the Tories, who were well ac- quainted with the country and the passes through the forest, had unfortunately passed the creek at the very point where the horses and baggage of oui young soldiers w r ere deposited, and taken possession of them. Having done this, they approached cau- tiously the house, and were almost at the door be- fore they were discovered. To escape was impos- sible, and both were made prisoners. Being placed under guard, Andrew was ordered, in a very impe- rious tone, by a British officer, to clean his boots ; 20 L I F E O F which had become muddied in crossing the creerf. This order he positively and peremptorily refused to obey ; alleging that he looked for such treatment as a prisoner of war had a right to expect. In- censed at his refusal, the officer aimed a blow at his head with a drawn sword, which would very proba- bly have terminated his existence had he not parried its effects by throwing up his left hand, on which he received a severe wound, the mark of which he bore until his death. His brother, at the same time, for a similar offence, received a deep cut on the head, which subsequently occasioned his death. They were both now taken to jail, where, separated and confined, they were treated with marked sever- ity, until a few days after the battle before Camden, when, in consequence of a partial exchange, effected by the intercessions and exertions of their mother, and Captain Walker of the militia, they were both released from confinement. An anecdote. may here be related, illustrative of young Jackson's energy of character. During his confinement at Camden, General Greene made his unsuccessful attack on the British forces stationed there under Lord Ravvdon. Camden is situated on a hill. Greene had encamped on Hobkirk's Hill, about a mile distant, and in full view of the redoubt in which the prisoners were confined. ANDREW JACKSON. 21 By the signs and sounds around him, on the 24th of April, young Jackson became satisfied that the British intended to surprise the American army, which, under no apprehension of an attack, rested in perfect security. Jackson felt convinced that this would be attempted on the morning of the 25th, and he was most anxious to witness the conflict. This, however, was forbidden by the intervention of a thick plank fence, that ran around the redoubt, and completely shut out the view of the surrounding country. The board fence was thoroughly ex amined, but not a hole or crevice was to be found through which his eager eye could obtain a view of Greene's encampment. As a last resource, he set to work with an old razor-blade, which had been furnished the prisoners to eat their rations with, and working during most of the night, he continued to dig one of the knots out of the pine planks, with which the fence was constructed, and through this he obtained a full view of Greene's encampment. During the next day, however, he was doomed to witness the defeat of the American army, with the reflection that his imprisonment was not only to be protracted, but to be shared with new victims to British cruelty. 22 LIFE OF CHAPTER III. CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR. STUDY OF LAW HORTLY after their release, Andrew Jackson lost his only brother, who died from the effects of the wound received at the hands of the brutal officer, as related in the preceding chapter. To add to his afflictions, his mother, worn down by grief, and her incessant exertions to provide clothing and other comforts for the suffering prisoners who had been taken from her neighbourhood, expired in a few weeks after her son, near the lines of the enemy, in the vicinity of Charleston. He — the last and only surviving child, confined to a bed of sickness, occasioned by the sufferings he had been compelled to undergo while a prisoner, and by getting wet on his return from captivity — was thus left in the wide world without a human being with whom he could claim near rela- tionship. The small-pox, about the same time, hav ANDREW JACKSON. 23 ing made its appearance upon him, had well-nigh terminated his sorrows and his existence. Recovering, however, from his complicated afflic- tions, he entered upon the enjoyment of his estate, which, though small, would have been sufficient to have given him a liberal education. Circumstances, however, led to his expending this patrimonial pro- perty with too profuse a hand. During the occupa- tion of Charleston by the British, a number of the polished inhabitants of that city had retired to the Waxhaw settlement, and there remained. With some of these young men Jackson had contracted habits of intimacy, and at the evacuation of Charles- ton he accompanied them in their return to the city Not wishing to be behind his companions in expen- diture, his small property soon melted away, and he w r as left with only a fine mare, which he had carried along with him from the Waxhaw settlement. She too was at length staked against a sum of money in a game of " rattle and snap." Jackson won the game, and, taking a sudden resolution, he put the money in his pocket, paid his bill, and bidding adieu 10 his friends, he started for the Waxhaws. Here, having collected the little remains of his property, he took leave of the friends of his youth, and start- ing for Salisbury, N. C, he placed himself in the 24 LIFE OF office of Spruce M'Cay, Esq., then an eminent eoun« sellor there, with the view of preparing himself for the practice of law. This was in the winter of 1784. Thus did young Jackson, with an effort of his inborn energy, cut short his career of dissipation — and his reformation was thorough and enduring. He afterwards continued his studies under Colonel Stokes, also an eminent lawyer, and in a little more than two years received a license to practise law. As an evidence of the estimation in which he was at that time held by the influential men of North Carolina, he soon after received from the governor the appointment of Solicitor for the western district of that state — embracing the present state of Ten- nessee. NDREW JACKSON. 25 CHAPTER IV. GENERAL JACKSON'S EMIGRATION TO TENNESSEE. — ANECDOTES OF HIS LIFE WHILE PRACTISING AS A LAWYER. N the year 1788, accompanied by Judge M'Nairy, General Jackson, then twenty- one years old, crossed the mountains, for the purpose of discharging the du- ties imposed upon him by his recent appoint- ment, and seeking employment in his profes- sion. He took up his residence for some time at Jonesborough, then the principal seat of Justice in the Western District. In the year 1789, he visited the settlements on the Cumberland River. On account of the frequent and terrible forays made by the Choctaw and Cherokee Indians from the South, most of the settlers at this time were living in stations, and but few separate cabins were to be found ; and it was some time before these were scattered over the country. During this time, Jackson made frequent professional visits from 26 LIFE OP Jonesborough to the settlements on the Cumberland, a distance of two hundred miles; the hardships and perils of which journeys, it is difficult for the modern traveller, in steamboats and stages, to conceive.— Often, with his loaded rifle on his shoulder, his pis- tols, blanket and provisions strapped to his saddle, the young lawyer might be met on the dangerous route alone. Having to sleep out under the open sky, to ford deep and swollen streams, and not un- frequently to pass whole days without eating, while fat turkeys, and pheasants, and deer were on every side, which he dared not kill, lest the report of his rifle might alarm the lurking savage. Many anec- dotes and incidents occurring to our hero at this time, are strongly illustrative of the life of these early Western pioneers. On one occasion, with three companions, he was on his way from Jonesborough to the settlements on the Cumberland. When arriving, just before dark, on the east side of the Emory, where it issues from the mountains, they saw the fires of a large party of hostile Indians on the opposite bank. The party, by that instinct which discovers who among them is the master mind, immediately put them- selves under the guidance of Jackson. He at once led them backwards into the mountains, keep- ANDREW JACKSON. 27 ing up the stream, for the purpose of fording it at some distance above, taking care, however, to leave no traces by which the Indians might follow them. They kept up the stream during the whole night, guided by the noise of its current, and in the morn- ing attempted to ford it, but found that it was too much swollen to be waded, and too rapid to be swum. Still fearing pursuit, they kept on until two o'clock, when they came to a place where the stream presented a smooth surface, with a cataract below, and another fall above. Still anxious to get the river between them and their late trail, they set about forming a raft. This being constructed from rude logs, bound together by hickory withes, and having made two oars, as well as a rudder, they commenced the passage across. It was cold March weather, and therefore of the utmost importance to keep their blankets and saddles, as well as their rifles and powder, from getting wet. It was con- cluded, therefore, that Jackson, with one other of the party, should first carry over all the moveables, and, returning, they could swim the horses after the raft. As soon as the raft had been pushed out from the shore, a strong under-current commenced fore- ing it toward the falls below. Jackson, regardless of the admonitions of his companions on the shore, 28 L I F E O F continued for some time to struggle with his oars against the current, but perceiving that his exertions would be in vain, he at last endeavoured to bring the raft back to the bank from which he had started. With all his strength he was unable to bring it to land — the suck of the cataract had already seized it. A moment more, and the raft, with its passen- gers, would have been dashed to pieces, — when Jackson, wrenching one of his oars from its fasten- ings, sprung to the stern, and bracing himself there, held it out to his companions on the shore, who, for- tunately being within reach, seized hold of it and brought the raft to land. Reproached by his com- panions for not heeding them when they had first warned him, Jackson coolly replied, " a miss is as good as a mile — ye see how I can graze danger — come on, and I will save you yet." Re-equipping themselves, the party resumed their march up the stream ; and having spent another night in the woods, supperless, they found a ford next morning — and next day reached a log cabin on their road, about forty miles from the Indian encampment. On another occasion, he reached the rendezvous of a party at Bean's Station, with which he was to cross the wilderness, the evening after they had left. With the intention of overtaking them, he took a ANDREW JACKSON. 29 guide with him, who was well acquainted with In- dian traces, and travelled all night. Just before day he came to the place where his friends had en- camped the night previous, and from the traces the guide discovered that a party of Indians had gone in pursuit of them. Following on, they came so near the Indians that the guide refused to go any further. Jackson was determined to save his friends or perish ; and dividing his provisions with the guide, he suffered him to return, while he kept on after the Indians. At length the traces of the Indians turned to the right from the route which the travellers had taken. Jackson, rightly conclud- ing that they had made a circuit, to head the party and attack them in the night, hastened his speed, and overtook his friends just before dark. Having just forded a deep and frozen stream, they were drying their clothes and warming themselves by the fires which they had kindled. Taking advice from Jackson, they resumed their journey, and continued it during the whole night and the next day. It had now commenced to snow, and the sky portended a severe storm. Arriving:; at the locj cabins of some hunters, they requested shelter and protection dur- ing the night. They were, contrary to their ex- pectations, rudely refused. Jackson, wearied with 30 LIFE OF the journey, and having been two nights -without sleep, wrapped himself in his blanket, and lay down by the trunk of a large tree, where he slept sound- ly ; and when awaking in the morning, he found himself covered with six inches of snow. The party resumed their march, and reached their des- tination in safety ; but they afterwards learned that the hunters, who had refused them shelter, had been every one butchered by the Indians who had pur- Bued them. ANDREW JACKSON. 31 CHAPTER V. IACKSOX LOCATES HIMSELF PERMANENTLY AT NASHVILLE.— HIS MARRIAGE. FTER making several professional visits, back and forth, from Jonesbo rough to the settlement on the Cum berland, Jackson, wisely judging that ille offered tempting inducements to a young lawyer, concluded to make a permanent y§ location in that place. v It had not been Jackson's intention certainly to make Tennessee the place of his future residence j his visit was merely experimental, and his stay re- mained to be determined by the advantages that might be disclosed : but finding, soon after his ar- rival, that a considerable opening was offered for the success of a young attorney, he determined to remain. To one of refined feelings, the prospect before him was ccrtainlv not of an encouramn" 1 cast. A-S in all newiy-settied countries must be the case, 32 LIFE OF society was loosely formed, and united by but few of those ties which have a tendency to enforce the performance of moral duty, and the right execution of justice. The young men of the place, adventu- rers from different sections of tne country, had be- come indebted to the merchants; there was but one lawyer in the country, and they had so contrived as to retain him in their business ; the consequence was, that the merchants were entirely deprived of the means of enforcing against the delinquents the execution of their contracts. In this state of things, Jackson made his appearance at Nashville, and, while the creditor class looked to it with great satis- faction, the debtors were sorely displeased. Appli- cations were immediately made to him for his pro- fessional services, and on the morning after his arrival he issued seventy writs. To those prodigal gentlemen it was an alarming circumstance ; their former security was impaired ; but that it might not wholly depart, they determined to force him, in some way or other, to leave the country ; and to effect this, broils and quarrels with him were to be resorted to. This, however, was soon abandoned; satisfied, by the first controversy in which they had involved Iiim, tnat his decision and firmness were such as to The Escape. ANDREW JACKSON. 33 leave no hope of effecting anything through this channel. Frequent expeditions were undertaken from Nash- ville about this time, against the Indians, in most of which Jackson took part. These continued until 1794, when a large party, among whom was our hero, attacked and destroyed the Indian town of Nickajack, near the Tennessee river. In these affairs, General Jackson, by his courage and gallantry, had so distinguished himself, as to have obtained the sobriquet of " Sharp Knife" from his tawny foemen. He had also gained the confi- dence of the hardy hunters whom he accompanied. When Jackson first located himself in the town of Nashville, hotels and boarding-houses were to- tally unknown ; the stranger or traveller finding himself welcome at the firesides of the hospitable settlers, who, in their turn, were glad of the addi- tional protection thus afforded them from the attacks of the savage Indian. Jackson and his friend, the late Judge Overton, became boarders in the family of Mrs. Donelson, a widow lady, who had emigrated from Virginia, first to Kentucky, afterwards to Nashville. Mrs. Ro- bards, her daughter, who afterwards became the wife of General Jackson, was then living in the fa« c 34 L I F E O F iuiiy with her mother. On account of some X treatment which she had received at the hands of her husband, Mrs. Robards had followed her mother to Tennessee. A reconciliation had taken place between Robards and his wife, but had been shortly after followed by a fresh outbreak ; and hearing that Robards threatened to carry her back to Ken- tucky, Mrs. Robards, with the advice of her friends, determined to decend the river as far as Natchez, in company with Colonel Stark, who was then pre- paring for the voyage. Stark being an elderly man, and apprehensive of danger, invited Jackson to ac- company him. Jackson accepted the invitation* and after seeing the little party safely to their jour- ney's end, returned to Nashville. In the meantime, Robards applied for and obtained a divorce ; upon hearing which, Jackson returned to Natchez, and having paid his addresses to the lady in question, was accepted. In the fall of 1791 they were married, and returned to Nashville, amid the joyous congratulations of her relatives, and a largo circle of mutual friends. ANDREW JACKSON. 35 CHAPTER VI. IA.CKSON BECOMES A SENATOR IS THE U. S. CONGRESS. KB SIGNS. IS APPOINTED JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT FTER his marriage, Jackson applied himself assiduously to his profes- sion. But the war which he had warred against the debtors, on his ruling in Nashville, had created many- bitter enemies, who now sought every means to disgrace and annoy him. Personal quarrels were sought with him, and " bullies," a species of characters who were at this time found in great numbers in the Western settlements, wern employed to attack him. While he was attending a court in Sumner Court) one of these, instigated no doubt by some enemy o\ Jackson, approached him in the street, and rudeU assaulted him. Jackson pushed the man off' to a dis tance, and laying hold of a slab, thrust him in the oreast so forcibly that the bully was brought to the 36 LIFE OF ground. Recovering, however, he again prepare! "or fight. The crowd here interfered to prevent further conflict, but at the entreaty of Jackson again stood aside. Poising his slab, with a firm step and a steady eye, Jackson advanced upon his anta- gonist, who, at his approach, dropped his weapon, jumped the fence and took to the woods. The re- sult of a few encounters such as this, freed him ever after from all such annoyances. In 1795, the people of Tennessee took measures for forming a state government, with a view to ad- mission into the Union. Jackson, without offering himself as a candidate, w r as elected as one of the members of the Convention. In June, 1796, Tennessee became by an act of Congress, one of the United States, and on the same footing with the others. It was only entitled to one representative in Congress, and General Jackson was elected as that representative without having been a candidate. He took his seat in the House of Representatives on the 5th day of December, 1796. Having served one session as a representa- tive, he was elected to the Senate of the United States, and took his seat in November, 1797. Un- ambitious, however, of political distinction, he re- signed in one year after his election, and returned to his home at Nashville. ANDREW JACKSON. 37 Soon after, the Legislature of Tennessee conferred upon him the appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court. His first court was held at Jonesborough. An incident occurred during the sitting of this court, which is illustrative, both of the rudeness of the times, and of the firmness of Jackson. A man named Russel Bean had been indicted for cutting off the ears of his infant child in a drunken frolic. Bean was in the court yard ; but, from his well-known ferocity of character, and from his threats to shoot any one who would dare to take him, the sheriff had made the return to the court, that " Russel Bean will not be taken." " He must be taken," said the judge, "and if necessary you can summon the posse comitatus." The mortified sheriff retired, and waiting till the court adjourned for dinner, summoned the judges themselves as part of the posse. Conceiving that this w r as a ruse on the part of the sheriff to avoid a dangerous piece of service, Judge Jackson replied, " Yes sir, I will attend you, and see that you do your duty." — Learning that Bean was armed, Jackson requested a loaded pistol, which was instantly put into his hand. He then said to the sheriff, "Advance, and arrest him — I wi.l protect you from harm !" Bean, armed with a dirk and a brace of pistols, assumed an attitude of defiance; but when the judge drew 38 LI FE OF near he began to retreat. " Stop, and submit to the law !" cried the judge. The culprit stopped, threw down his pistols, and replied, " I will surrender tu you, sir, but to no one else;" and so saying he quietly permitted himself to be taken prisoner. This con- duct of Judge Jackson had a wholesome effect on the turbulent spirits of the country. In 1804, Judge Jackson sent in his resignation to the Legislature, which was accepted by that body, in July, about six years after his appointment. Unambitious of those distinctions and honours, which young men are usually proud to possess, and finding too that his circumstances and condition in life were not such as to permit his time and atten- tion to be devoted to public matters, he determined to yield them into other hands, and to devote him- self to agricultural pursuits; and accordingly settled himself on an excellent farm, ten miles from Nash- ville, on the Cumberland river; where, for several years, he enjoyed all the comforts of domestic and social intercourse. Abstracted from the busy scenes of public life, pleased with retirement, surrounded by friends whom he loved, and who entertained for him the highest veneration and respect, and blessed with an amiable and affectionate wife, nothing seemed wanting to the completion of that happiness which he so iiuxiously desired vvhib in office Jackson as Judge, ANDREW JACKSON. 39 CHAPTER VII FROM HIS RESIGNATION AS JUDGE TILL 18 12. REVIOUS to the resignation of Jack- son as Judge, he had been elected Major-General of the Tennessee mi- litia ; which office, as it did not much interfere with his domestic pursuits, he still continued to hold. During his residence upon his farm, one of his favourite employments was in the raising of fine cattle: and though not an enthu- siastic sportsman, he brought out his favourite horses upon the race-courses of the day. An unfortunate quarrel, about a bet upon one of these match-races, occurred between him and a Mr. Charles Dickinson, which resulted in a duel. In the duel Dickinson, who had borne the character of a crack-shot and duellist, was killed. There are few, however, except the immediate friends of Dickinson, who attach any blame to Jackson, — as, under the 40 L I F E O P provocation which he had received from the former and considering the state of society as it existed in Tennessee at this time, it would have been im- possible for him to avoid the encounter. It is said that Dickinson, previous to the duel, had been making bets that he would, kill him, and boasting how often he had hit the general chalked out upon a tree. He did in fact hit General Jackson in the duel, but fortunately the ball, lodging in his breast, did not penetrate. Two of his ribs were shattered near the breast-bone. Jackson had gone upon the ground with the full conviction that his life was eagerly sought, and with the expectation of losing it; but his was a bosom that never knew fear. Shortly after this, General Jackson entered into partnership with a merchant in Nashville — though he took no active part in the business himself. After a time, however, he began to suspect that the busi- ness was not going on right, and upon demanding a full investigation, he found that his partner, in whom he had placed the utmost confidence, had already involved him for many thousand dollars of debts. He closed the business, sold the fine planta- tion upon which he lived, and paying off his debts with the proceeds of the sale, he retired into a log cabin, to begin the world anew. From the humble ANDREW JACKSON. 41 dwelling, into which he had moved, he could see the fine house and plantation so lately his own — ad- monishing him of the danger of connection with others in business, and of the contracting of debts. It was not long, however, before he became com- fortable in the world.' 42 LIFE OF CHAPTER VIII. I ADVENTURE WITH THE INDIAN ACENT. N the year 1811, Jackson had occasion to travel to Natchez on business. The road from Nashville to the former place passed through the Choctaw and Chick- asaw nations, and there was an Indian agent for the Choctaws stationed upon it. On ar- riving at this station, General Jackson found some seven or eight families detained here, as well as two members of the Mississippi Legisla- tive Council, by the agent, upon the plea that they had no passports. They were remaining there until their passports could reach them, one of their num- ber having gone back for the purpose of procuring them. Some of the persons thus prevented from executing their journey, were purchasing corn from the agent to feed their cattle, at a very high price, and had been employed by him to split r&ils at a very low price. ANDREW JACKSON, 43 When Jackson understood these things, lie be- came very angry, and reproached the two members for submitting to such treatment at the hands of the mercenary agent. The agent hearing this, inquired in an impertinent manner if he had a pass. " Yes, sir," said Jackson ; ? ' I always carry my passport with me when I travel : I am a free American citizen, and that is a passport all over the world." "We shall see," said the agent. "Very well, we shall see," was the reply of Jackson ; and calling upon the wagoners to gear up their wagons, and shoot any one down who should attempt to obstruct them, he led the whole party away. On his return, however, he understood that the agent had collected about one hundred and fifty men, white and Indian, to stop him, unless he* pro- cured a passport. He would not, though advised by his friends, procure one, believing as he said, that no American citizen should submit to the insult of carrying a pass to enable him to travel through his own country. He double armed himself, however, prepared for any emergency; and, on nearing the station of the agent, he put axes and other arms into the hands of a number of blacks, whom he was carrying from Natchez to the upper country, telling them how and when to use them. As had been re- 44 LIFE OF ported, the agent had collected a goodly number of men to stop him. Jackson approached, and upon the agent's asking him whether he meant to stop and show his passport, Jackson replied, "That de- pends on circumstances ; I am told that you mean to stop me by force ; whoever attempts such a thing will not have long to live !" His determined manner had such an effect, that the agent was glad to let him pass on quietly. The Indians, whose chiefs were acquainted with Jackson, " Sharp Knife," now approached and shook hands with him ; and those bold sons of the forest were so much struck with his courage, that if he had only commanded it, they would have turned round and scalped the agent in his stead. He afterwards reported the conduct of the agent to government, and he was dismissed from nis agency. ANDREW JACKSON. 45 CHAPTER IX WAR OP 1812. EXPEDITION TO NATCHEZ. IE now come to that period in the life of General Jackson, when his great military talents, that had yj^^f-^ hitherto remained unemployed, and in fact unknown, were to be called into action. The government of the United States, after patiently submitting to many insults and injuries from Great Britain, declared war against that country in the month of June, 1812. Jackson at this time, happy on his farm, and re- tired, as he apparently thought, for ever, from all public affairs — though only forty-five years of age — was again roused by the insults offered to his country, by the wrongs inflicted upon her citizens, and by the recollection, no doubt, of the death of his mother, of the deith of his brother Robert, of 46 L I F E O F the cause of those deaths ; and, if he could have forgotten the horrid account of the injuries inflicted upon the country of his father and his mother, there was that scar on his hand, inflicted by a British offi- cer, who had aimed a blow at his life because he had refused to clean the dirt off his boots ; there was that scar to keep his virtuous resentment alive, even if he could have forgotten the wrongs of Ire- land, and the ruin or extermination of every rela- tion in the world. In answer to a spirited address from him, 2500 volunteers flocked to his standard — prepared to fol- low wheresoever he might see fit to lead them. He received orders to place himself at their head, and to descend the Mississippi, for the defence of the lower country, which was then supposed to be in danger. Accordingly, on the 10th of December, 1812, those troops rendezvoused at Nashville, pre- pared to advance to the place of their destination ; and although the weather was then excessively se- vere, and the ground covered with snow, no troops could have displayed greater firmness. Having procured supplies, and made the neces- sary arrangements for an active campaign, they proceeded, the 7th of January, 1813, on their jour- ney; and descending the Ohio and Mississippi ANDREW JACKSON. 47 through cold and ice, arrived and halted at Natchez. Here Jackson had been instructed to remain until he should receive further orders. Hav- ing chosen a healthful site for the encampment of his troops, he devoted his time, with the utmost indus- try, to training and preparing them for active ser- vice. The clouds of war, however, in that quarter, having blown over, an order was received from the secretary of war, dated 5th of January, 1813, di- recting him, on the receipt thereof, to dismiss those under his command from service, and to take mea- sures for delivering over every article of public pro- perty in his possession to Brigadier-general Wilkin- son. When this order reached his camp, there were one hundred and fifty on the sick report, fifty- six of whom were unable to raise their heads, and almost the whole of them destitute of the means of defraying the expenses of their return. The con- sequence of a strict compliance with the secretary's order inevitably would have been, that many of the sick must have perished ; while most of the others, from their destitute condition, would, of necessity, have been compelled to enlist in the regular army, under General Wilkinson. Jackson was, as a matter of course, very much astonished at the reception of such an order, tho 48 L I F E O F ■consequence of obeying which, he clearly saw, would be the death of many of the brave young men whom he had brought with him from Tennes- see, and to whom he had given his promise, before they had left their homes, that he would be to them as a father and the guardian of their welfare. He saw, moreover, that ihe design of the order had been a concerted thing, between the secretary of war, Armstrong, and General Wilkinson, com- mandant of the United States regular army in the south-western department — who by this means ex- pected to recruit largely from among these young men, who, now, unable to return home, would be obliged to enter the ranks of the regular army. Moreover, General Wilkinson was jealous of Jack- son, whose authority as major-general was equal to his own, if not greater, and their commands w r ere likely to interfere with each other. Under these circumstances, Jackson determined to disobey the orders of the secretary. Having made known his resolution to the field- officers of his division, it met, apparently, their ap- probation ; but, after retiring from his presence, they assembled late at night, in secret caucus, and proceeded to recommend to him an abandonmen* of his purpose, and an immediate discharge of his ANDREW JACKSON. 49 troops. Great as was the astonishment which this measure excited in the General, it produced a still higher sentiment of indignation. In reply, he urged the duplicity of their conduct, and reminded them, that although to those who possessed funds and health such a course could produce no inconve- nience, yet to the unfortunate soldier, who was alike destitute of both, no measure could be more calami- tous. He concluded by telling them that his reso- lution, not having been hastily concluded on, nor founded on light considerations, was unalterably fixed ; and that immediate preparations must be made for carrying into execution the determination he had formed. During these negotiations, the officers of General Wilkinson had arrived in the camp, with the inten- tion of recruiting from the volunteer army. As soon as Jackson became apprised of this, he gave orders, that any officer found recruiting from among his troops, that were already in the service of the United States, should be arrested and confined. The quarter-master had been ordered to provide the means for transporting the sick and baggage, and pretended to be making these necessary arrange- ments. To keep up the appearance of doing so, and the better to deceive, he had ordered a number p 50 L I F E O P of wagons into the camp. The next morning, how ever, when everything was about to be packed up, acting doubtless by orders from Wilkinson, and in- tending to produce embarrassment, the quarter- master entered the encampment, and discharged the whole. He was grossly mistaken in the man he had to deal with, and had now played his tricks too far to be able to accomplish the object which he had, no doubt, been instructed to effect. Disregarding their dismissal, so evidently designed to prevent his marching back his men, General Jackson seized upon these wagons, yet within his lines, and com- pelled them to proceed to the transportation of his sick. It deserves to be recollected that this quarter master, so soon as he received directions for fur- nishing transportation, had despatched an express to General Wilkinson ; and there can be but little doubt, that the course of duplicity he afterwards pursued was a concerted plan, between him and that general, to defeat the design of Jackson, compel him to abandon the course he had adopted, and in this way draw to the regular army many of the soldiers, who, from necessity, would be driven to enlist. In this attempt they were fortunately disappointed. Adhering to his original purpose, he successfully resisted every stratagem of Wilkinson and marched ANDREW JACKSON. t» 1 the whole of his division to the section of country whence they had been drawn, and dismissed them from service, as he had been instructed. The conduct of General Jackson in this affair, wrong as it at first appeared, was in the end ap- proved by the government. Every man, whose heart is the seat of justice, will applaud him for stubbornly resisting these crafty suggestions of envy ; and it should be told here, that Armstrong, who gave the order for this act of oppression, was disgraced and degraded, not many months after- ward, for his scandalous neglect to prepare for the defence of the city of Washington, where he was residing; and that Wilkinson, who was appointed to put the order into execution, and to supplant Jackson, was sufficiently disgraced, in less than two years from that day, on the confines of Canada. 5? LIFE OP CHAPTER X. THE INDIAN CAMPAIGN HE repose of General Jackson and his volunteers, was not of long dura- tion. After his return from Natchez, the Indian nations scattered over the country, now called Alabama and Mississippi, had begun to harass the frontier settlements ; and instigated by the celebrated chief, Tecum- seh, as well as secretly encouraged by the British government, threatened a general rising ana massacre of the whites on their borders. The Creeks, residing in Alabama, near the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, were the most hostile of all these tribes. There was a large number of these Indians, par- ticularly the old men, who advocated peace and alliance with the United States government; but these were, in the end, obliged to give up, many of them losing their lives in a kind of civil war which ANDREW JACKSON. * 53 ensued. Through a system of false prophets whicn Tecumseh had succeeded in establishing, these de- luded savages were taught to believe that the time had come when the white race were to be extermi- nated. Fort Mimms, situated in the Tensaw settlement m the Mississippi territory, was the first point des- tined to satiate their cruelty and vengeance. It contained, at that time, about one hundred and fifty men, under the command of Major Beasley, besides a, considerable number of women and children, who had betaken themselves to it for security. Having collected a supply of ammunition from the Spaniards at Pensacola, and assembled their warriors to the number of six or seven hundred, the war party, commanded by Weatherford, a distinguished chief of the nation, on the 30th of August, 1813, com- menced their assault on the fort ; and having suc- ceeded in carrying it, put to death nearly three hun- dred persons, including women and children, with the most savage barbarity. The slaughter was in- discriminate ; mercy was extended to none ; and the tomahawk, at the same stroke, often cleft the mother and the child. But seventeen of the whole number in the fort escaped to bring intelligence of Ihe dreadful catastrophe. This monstrous and ua 54 L I F E O F provoked outrage no sooner reached Tennessee than the whole state was thrown into a ferment, and nothing was thought or spoken of but retaliatory vengeance. It is unnecessary to detail the proceedings of General Jackson after the receipt of this disastrous news. By the order of his government, he imme- diately called out the militia and volunteers to the number of 2500, and on the 10th of October reached Huntsville, on his line of march towards the Creek country. At the same time, an equal force under General Cocke had been ordered from East Ten- nessee; while another w r as despatched from Georgia under Major Floyd, to enter the Indian country on the east; and a regiment of United States' soldiers, with the volunteers of Mississippi under General Claiborne*, were to attack the hostile nations on the west. In consequence of the failure of army contractors to supply piovisions, without which it was utterly impossible to proceed, General Jackson was detained for nearly a month in the neighbourhood of the Tennessee river, without being able to penetrate the hostile territory, and strike a decisive blow. Gen- eral Cocke, who was under a promise to furnish provisions, as well as under orders to unite with ANDREW JACKSON. 55 Jackson, kept aloof from motives of jealousy JacKson had established his head quarters on the Coosa, at a place called "Ten Islands," where he erected a fort and depot, to be called "Fort Strother." Learning now that a considerable body of the enemy had posted themselves at Tallushatchee, on the south side of the Coosa, about thirteen miles distant, General Coffee was detached with nine hundred men (the mounted troops having been pre- viously organized into a brigade, and placed under his command) to attack and disperse them. With this force he was enabled, through the direction of an Indian pilot, to ford the Coosa at the Fish-dams, about four miles above the islands; and having en- camped beyond it, very early the next morning pro- ceeded to the execution of his order. Having ar- rived within a mile and a half, he formed his detach- ment into two divisions, and directed them to march so as to encircle the town, by uniting their fronts beyond it. The enemy, hearing of his approach, began to prepare for action, which was announced by the beating of drums, mingled with their savage yells and war-whoops. An hour after sunrise, the action was commenced by Captain Hammond's and Lieutenant Patterson's companies of spies, who nad gone within the circle of alignement for the purpose 56 LI F E O F of drawing the Indians from their buildings. No sooner had these companies exhibited their front in view of the town, and given a few scattering shot, than the enemy formed, and made a violent charge. Being compelled to give way, the advance-guard were pursued until they reached the main body of the army, which immediately opened a general fire, and charged in their turn. The Indians retreated, firing, until they got around and in their buildings, where an obstinate conflict ensued, and where those who maintained their ground, persisted in fighting as long as they could stand or sit, without mani- festing fear or soliciting quarter. Their loss was a hundred and eighty-six killed ; among whom were, unfortunately, and through accident, a few women and children. Eighty-four women and children were taken prisoners, towards whom the utmost humanity was shown. Of the Americans, five were killed, and forty-one wounded. Two were killed with arrows, which on this occasion formed a prin- cipal part of the arms of the Indians; each one having a bow and quiver, which he used after the first fire of his gun, until an opportunity occurred for reloading. Having buried his dead, and provided for his wounded, General Coffee, late in the evening of the ANDREW JACKSON. 57 same day united with the main army, bringing' with him about forty prisoners ; of the residue, a part were too badly wounded to be removed, and were, therefore, left with a sufficient number to take cart, of them. Those whom he brought in, received every comfort and assistance their situation de- manded, and for safety were immediately sent into the settlements. From the manner in which the enemy fought, the killing and wounding others than their warriors could not be avoided. On their retreat to their village, after the commencement of the battle, they resorted to their block-houses and strong loo; dwell- ings, whence they kept up resistance, and for a long time protracted the fight. Thus mingled with their women and children it was impossible to prevent numbers of the latter from falling a sacrifice, ana many were injured, though every precaution was taken to prevent it. In fact, many of the women united with their warriors, and contended in the battle with a fearless and heroic bravery worthy of the Helvetian matrons. A pleasing incident in the life of Genera] Jackson, is recorded in connection with the destruction of Tullushatchee. Among the slain was found an Indian woman with an infant, a boy, unhurt, sucking 58 LIFE OP her lifeless breast. The little orphan was carried to camp along with other prisoners, and General Jack- son tried to hire some of the captive Indian women to take care of him. They obstinately refused, say- ing: "All his people dead — kill him too." There was a little sugar still left in the camp, and with this the babe was nourished, until he could be sent to a nurse at Huntsville, which was afterwards done. Upon General Jackson's return home, he took the babe with him, and with the cordial aid of Mrs. Jackson, raised him as tenderly as if he had been his own son. He named the boy Lincoyer, and gave him an education equal to that of the white boys of the most respectable families. Lincoyer grew up a strong and handsome young man, yet his tastes were always Indian. He delighted in rambling away, into the forest, and ornamenting himself with gay and brilliant feathers, and when the chiefs of the Creek nation would visit the Hermitage, (the residence of General Jackson,) which they often did after the war, he never saw them depart without sighing to return to the wild forest land of his nativity. At length Genera] Jackson carried him to Nash- ville and desired him to select a trade. He waa best pleased with the saddlers' business, to which he ANDREW JACKSON. 59 wns bound an apprentice. He continued to work for some time at Iris trade, paying regular visits to the Hermitage on Saturdays, and returning to his duty on Monday morning. His health, however, bejran to decline, and General Jackson took him home to his own house, where he was most tenderly waited on, both by himself and Mrs. Jackson, but in vain. He sank rapidly into a consumption, which ended his short career ere he had reached the age of manhood. He was mourned by the General and Mrs. Jackson as though they had lost a favourite son, and was ever after spoken of by them with parental affection. 60 life or CHAPTER XI. BATTLE OF TALLADEGA. S yet no certain intelligence was ro ceived of any collection of the enemy. The army was busily engaged in for- tifying and strengthening the site fixed on for a depot, to which the name of Fort Strother had been given. Late, however, on the evening of the 7th November, a runner arrived from Talladega, a fort of the friendly Indians, distant about thirty miles below, with in- formation that the enemy had that morning en camped before it in great numbers, and would cer- tainly destroy it unless immediate assistance could be afforded. Jackson, confiding in the statement, determined to lose no time in extending the relief which was solicited. Accordingly he issued marching orders, and crossed the Coosa river, at midnight on the 7th of November, with his whole disposable force, con- ANDREW JACKSON. 61 sisting of 1200 infantry and 800 cavalry. Next evening his army lay within six miles of Talladega. Next morning he marched against the enemy, who were encamped at the distance of a quarter of a mile from the fort which they were besieging. About eight o'clock, A. M., the advance having arrived within eighty yards of the enemy, who were concealed in a thick shrubbery that covered the margin of a small rivulet, received a heavy fire, which they instantly returned with much spirit. Falling in with the enemy, agreeably to their in- structions, they retired towards the centre, but not before they had dislodged them from their position. The Indians, now screaming and yelling hideously, rushed forward in the direction of General Roberts brigade, a few companies of which, alarmed by their numbers and yells, gave way at the first fire. Jack- son, to fill the chasm which was thus created, di- rected the regiment commanded by Colonel Bradley to be moved up, which, from some unaccountable cause, had failed to advance in a line with the others, and now occupied a position in rear of the centre: Bradley, however, to whom this order was given by one of the staff, omitted to execute it in time, alleging he was determined to remain on the eminence which he then possessed until he should 62 LIFE OF be approached and attacked by the enemy. Owing to this failure in the volunteer regiment, it became necessary to dismount the reserve, which, with great firmness, met the approach of the enemy, who were rapidly moving in this direction. The retreating militia, somewhat, mortified at seeing their places so promptly supplied, rallied, and, recovering their for- mer position in the line, aided in checking the ad- vance of the savages. The action now became general along the line, and in fifteen minutes the Indians were seen flying in every direction. On the left they were met and repulsed by the mounted riflemen ; but on the right, owing to the halt of Bradley's regiment, which was intended to occupy the extreme right, and to the circumstance of Colonel Allcorn, who commanded one of the wings of the cavalry, having taken too large a circuit, a consid- erable space was left between the infantry and the cavalry, through which numbers escaped. The fight was maintained with great spirit and effect on both sides, as well before as after the retreat com- menced ; nor did the pursuit and slaughter terminate until the mountains were reached, at the distance of three miles. In this battle, the force of the enemy was one thousand and eighty, of whom two hundred and ANDREW JACKSON. 63 ninety-uine were left dead on the ground ; and it is believed that many were killed in the flight, who were not found when the estimate was made. Prob- ably few escaped unhurt. Their loss on this occa- sion, as stated since by themselves, was not less than six hundred: that of the Americans was fifteen killed and eighty wounded, several of whom after- ward died. Jackson, after collecting his dead and wounded, advanced his army beyond the fort, and encamped for the night. The Indians who had been for several days shut up by the besiegers, thus fortunately liberated from the most dreadful appre- hensions and severest privations, having for some time been entirely without water, received the army with all the demonstrations of gratitude that savages could give. Their manifestations of joy for their deliverance presented an interesting and affecting spectacle. Their fears had been already greatly excited, for it was the very day when they were to have been assaulted, and when every soul within the fort must have perished. 64 LIFE OF CHAPTER XII. FAMINE AND DESERTION OF HIS ARMY.- -ANECDOTE OF THE ACORNS. N account of the want of provisions, Jackson was unable to follow up the successful blow struck at Talladega, and was compelled to retreat, to Fort Strother. But on his arrival here, he found that through the stupid mismanagement, and |te perhaps jealousy of General Cocke, no supplies had arrived even here, and the soldiers now began to show signs of discontent. A few dozen biscuits, which remained on his re- turn, were given to hungry applicants, without beinj* tasted by himself or family, who were probably not less hungry than those who were thus relieved. A scanty supply of indifferent beef, taken from the enemy or purchased of the Cherokees, was now the only support afforded. Thus left destitute, Jackson, with the u most cheerfulness of temper, repaired to Jackson and the Acorns. ANDREW JACKSON. 65 ihe bullock-pen, and of the offal there thrown away, provided for himself and staff what he was pleased to call, and seemed really to think, a very comfort- able repast. Tripes, however, hastily provided in a camp, without bread or seasoning, Can only be pala- table to an appetite very highly whetted; yet this con- stituted for several days the only diet at head-quar- ters, during which time the General seemed entirely satisfied with his fare. Neither this nor the liberal donations by which he disfurnished himself to relieve the suffering soldier, deserves to be ascribed to osten tation or design : the one flowed from benevolence, the other from necessity, and a desire to place be- fore his men an example of patience and suffering which he felt might be necessary, and hoped might be serviceable. Of these two imputations no human being, invested with rank and power, was ever more deservedly free. Charity in himvwas a warm and active propensity of the heart, urging him, by an in- stantaneous impulse, to relieve the wants of the distressed, without regarding, or even thinking of, the consequences. Many of those to whom it was extended had no conception of the source that sup- plied them, and believed the comforts they received were, indeed, drawn from stores piovided for the oospital department. E C6 L I F E O F On this campaign, a soldier one morning, with a wo-begone countenance, approached the General, stating that he was nearly starved, that he had nothing to eat, and could not imagine what he should do. He was the more encouraged to com- plain, from perceiving that the General, who had seated himself at the root of a tree, waiting the coming up of the rear of the army, was busily engaged in eating something. The poor fellow was impressed with the belief, from what he sa-w, that want only attached to the soldiers; and that the officers, particularly the General, were liberally and well supplied. He accordingly approached him with great confidence of being relieved ; Jackson told him that it had always been a rule with him never to turn away a hungry man when it was in his power to relieve him. " I will most cheerfully," said he, " divide with you what I have ;" and putting his hand to his pocket, drew forth a few acorns, from which he had been feasting, adding, it was the bcsl and only fare he had. The soldier seemed much surprised, and forthwith circulated among his com rades that their General was actually subsisting upon acorns, and that they ought hence no more to complain. From this circumstance was derived the story heretofore published to the world, that Jackson, ANDREW JACKSON. 61 about the period of his greatest suffering, and with a view to inspirit them, had invited his officers to dine with him, and presented for their repast water and a tray of acorns. Notwithstanding the firmness and patriotism of their genera], the army, consisting entirely of volun- teers and militia, now unable for want of provisions to penetrate the hostile territory, became anxious to return to their homes, and from a misunderstanding with regard to the term of service for which they had been enlisted, they believed that the time had expired. This was not so ; and Jackson, deeply anxious to finish successfully the campaign, resolved to prevent such a disgraceful abandonment. Several times did the troops mutiny, and as often were they brought back to their duty by the talents and bravery of their general. One of these scenes may be presented as a specimen of the iron firmness of our hero. He had promised his army that unless supplies arrived on a certain day, he would grant their re- quest to return. The supplies did not arrive until they had commenced their march homeward, when they were met by one hundred and fifty beeves. This, of course, relieved Jackson from his promise, but so great was the aversion of his men to return 68 L I F E O F *,o the camp, that they preferred breaking their word of honour. One company was already moving off in a direction towards home. They had proceeded some distance before information of their departure was had by Jackson. Irritated at their conduct, in attempting to violate the promise they had given, and knowing that the success of future operations depended on the result, the General pursued, until he came near a part of his staff and a few soldiers, who, with General Coffee, had halted about a quarter of a mile ahead. He ordered them to form imme- diately across the road, and to fire on the mutineers if they attempted to proceed. Snatching up their arms, these faithful adherents presented a front which threw the deserters into affright, and caused them to retreat precipitately to the main body. Here it was hoped the matter would end, and that no further opposition would be made to returning. This expectation was not realized; a mutinous temper began presently to display itself throughout the whole brigade. Jackson, having left his aid-de- camp, Major Reid, engaged in making up some despatches, had gone out alone among his troops, who were at some distance; on his arrival he found a much more extensive mutiny than that which had just been quelled. Almost the whole brigade had ANDREW JACKSON. 69 put itself into an attitude for moving forcibly off. A crisis had arrived ; and, feeling its importance, he determined to take no middle ground, but to triumph or perish. He was still without the use of his Left arm, but, seizing a musket, and resting it on the neck of his horse, he threw himself in front of the column, and threatened to shoot the first man who should attempt to advance. In this situation he was found by Major Reid and General Coffee; who, fearing, from the length of his absence, that some disturbance had arisen, hastened where he was, and placing themselves by his side, awaited the result in anxious expectation. For many minutes the column preserved a sullen, yet hesitating attitude, fearing to proceed in their purpose, and disliking to abandon it. In the mean time, those who remained faithful to their duty, amounting to about two companies, were collected and formed at a short distance in ad- vance of the troops and in rear of the General, with positive directions to imitate his example in firing if they attempted to proceed. At length, finding n > one bold enough to advance, and overtaken bv those fears which in the hour of peril always beset persona engaged in what they know to be a bad cause, they abandoned their purpose, and turning quietly round, agreed to return to their posts. 70 L I F E O F Notwithstanding these efforts on the part of the General to detain them, the mutiny was not quelled., and they all looked forward to the 10th of December as the day on which they would be discharged. It will be recollected, that upon this day, twelve months ago, they had been enlisted to proceed to New Orleans, and as they had entered for a service of twelve months, they expected to be discharged at the end of that time, although they had not actually seen twelve months' service, having been discharged after their return from New Orleans. The volun- teers, through several of their officers, were pressing on the consideration of the General the expiration of their service, and claiming to be discharged on the 10th of the month. From the colonel who commanded the second regiment he received a letter, dated the 4th of December, 1813, in which was attempted to be detailed their whole ground of com- plaint. He began by stating, that painful as it was he nevertheless felt himself bound to disclose an im- portant and unpleasant truth: that, on the 10th, the service would be deprived of the regiment he com- manded. He seemed to deplore, with great sensi- bility, the scene that would be exhibited on that day, should opposition be made to their departure ; and still more sensibly, the consequences that would ANDREW JACKSON. 71 result from a disorderly abandonment of the camp He stated they had all considered themselves finally discharged on the 20th of April, 1813, and never knew to the contrary until they saw his order of the 24th of September, 1813, requiring them to ren- dezvous at Fayetteville on the 4th of October, 1813 ; for the first time, they then learned that they owed further services, their discharge to the contrary notwithstanding. "Thus situated, there was con- siderable opposition to the order ; on which the officers generally, as I am advised, and I know myself in particular, gave it as an unequivocal opinion that their term of service would terminate on the 10th of December, 1813. " They therefore look to their general, who haa their confidence, for an honourable discharge on that day ; and that, in every respect, he will see that justice be done them. They regret that their par- ticular situations and circumstances require them to leave their general at a time when their services are important to the common cause. It would be de- sirable," he continued, " that those men who have served with honour should be honourably discharged, and that they should return to their families and friends without even the semblance of disgrace, with their general they leave it to place them in thai 72 L I F E OF situation. They have received him as an affectionate father, while they have honoured, revered, and obeyed him ; but, having devoted a considerable portion of their time to the service of their country, by which their domestic concerns are greatly de ranged, they wish to return, and attend to their own a flairs." To this letter General Jackson returned a reply, which for firmness of resolution, and patriotic devo- tion to the cause of his country, and to the cause of right, never was surpassed by the address of a great commander to a blind and mutinous army. He declared his determination to prevent their return at the hazard of his own life, and called upon God to witness that the scenes of blood which might be exhibited upon that day should not be laid to his charge. His address concludes with the following remarkable words: " I cannot, must not, believe that the ' Volunteers of Tennessee,' a name ever dear to fame, will dis- grace themselves, and a country which they have honoured, by abandoning her standard, as mutineers and deserters; but should I be disappointed and compelled to resign this pleasing hope, one thing I will not resign — m,y duty. Mutiny and sedition, as long as I possess the power of quelling I hem, shall ANDREW JACKSON. 73 be put down ; and even when left destitute of this, 1 will still be found, in the last extremity, endeavouring to discharge the duty which I owe to my country and myself." To the platoon officers, who addressed him on the same subject, he replied with nearly the same spirited feeling ; but discontent was too deeply fastened, and by designing men had been too artfully fomented, to be removed by anything like argument or entreaty. At length, on the evening of the 9th of December, 1813, General Hall hastened to the tent of Jackson, with information that his whole brigade was in a state of mutiny, and making prepa- rations to move forcibly off. This was a measure which every consideration of policy, duty and honour required Jackson to oppose ; and to this purpose he instantly applied all the means he possessed. He immediately issued the following general order : — " The commanding general being informed that an actual mutiny exists in his camp, all officers and soldiers are commanded to put it down. The officers and soldiers of the first brigade will, without delay, parade on the west side of the fort, and await further orders." The artillery company, with two small field-pieces, being posted in the front and rear, and the militia, under the command of Colonel 74: LIFE OF Wynne, on the eminences, in advance, were ordered to prevent any forcible departure of the volunteers. The General rode along the line, which had been previously formed agreeably to his orders, and addressed them, by companies, in a strain of impas- sioned eloquence. He feelingly expatiated on their former good conduct, and the esteem and applause it had secured them ; and pointed to the disgrace which they must heap upon themselves, their fam- ilies, and country, by persisting, even if they could succeed, in their present mutiny. He told them, however, they should not succeed, but by passing over his body ; that even in opposing their mulinous spirit, he should perish honourably — by perishing at his post, and in the discharge of his duty. "Rein- forcements," he continued, " are preparing to hasten to my assistance j it cannot be long before they will arrive. I am, too, in daily expectation of receiving information whether you may be discharged or not — until then, you must not and shall not retire. J have done with entreaty, — it has been used long enough. I will attempt it no more. You must now determine whether you will go or peaceably remain ; if you still persist in your determination to move forcibly off, the point between us shall soon be de- cided." At first they hesitated: he demanded an ANDREW JACKSON. 75 explicit and positive answer. They still hesitated, and he commanded the artillerists to prepare the match ; he himself remaining in front of the volun- teers, and within the line of fire, which he intended soon to order. Alarmed at his apparent determina- tion, and dreading the consequences involved in such a contest, " Let us return," was presently lisped along the line, and soon after determined upon, The officers now came forward and pledged themselves for their men, who either nodded assent or openly expressed a willingness to retire to their quarters and remain without further tumult, until information were had, or the expected aid should arrive. Thus passed away a moment of the greatest peril, and pregnant with important consequences. This matchless and ever memorable scene, the reader will observe, took place on the 10th of December, 1813 ; the volunteers having formed their first rendezvous, as he will recollect, on the 10th of December, 1812. One year had certainly expired; but there had not been a year's service; for they had not been in service from the 1st of May to the 10th of October, 1813; so that there remained five months of the year's service to come. The General was right in his construction of the bargain ; but, besides this, to have forsaken the campaign in sut ll 76 L I F E O F a manner would have been ruinous in the extreme. The savage enemy, not yet subdued, but exasperated to the last degree, would have assailed the frontier settlements and deluged them in blood. Notwithstanding all General Jackson's firmness, however, the want of supplies and the actual need of his army, compelled him reluctantly to allow them to return home, remaining, himself, with about 100 faithful soldiers, in the garrison of Fort Strotheii there to await new reinforcements. ANDRE W J A C K S O N / I CHAPTER XIII. BATTLES OF EMUCKFAW AND ENOTOCHOPCO. BOUT the middle of January, 800 new recruits reached Jackson's camp at Fort Strother. With these it would have been madness to have penetrated the Creek country, but as Jackson rightly conjectured that Major Floyd (who, ^ it will be recollected, by the plan of the cam- ' paign, had entered the Indian country from Georgia,) might be closely pressed by the enemy, now that he had failed to co-operate with the Ten- nessee army, he determined to make with his 800 men a diversion in his favour. Hearing, from authentic sources, that a large force of the " red-sticks," or hostile Indians, were collected on the Emuckfaw Creek, in a bend of the Tallapoosa River, he thither directed his march, and on the evening of the 21st of January he encamped 78 LIFE OF within a short distance of the enemy. A friendly Indian spy, who had reconnoitred the enemy's camp, brought in word that the Indians were removing their women and children ; a sure sign that they meditated an attack. It fell out as he had antici- pated. Early in the morning of the 22d, before day, a brisk firing was heard upon the right, and immedi- ately the engagement became general. The enemy were repulsed with the loss of many of their best warrriors ; but the evident strength which they had exhibited, and the fact that they were still continuing to receive fresh reinforcements, determined General Jackson to march back to Fort Strother. He had now accomplished his object, which was to create a diversion in favour of Floyd and the Georgian army; and, as it became known afterwards, the battle of Emuckfaw was probably the means of saving the Georgia troops, who were hotly engaged on the 27th, and with a little more strength on the part of their enemy would have been destroyed. Having spent the remainder of the 22d in bury ing the dead, the army marched on the 23d from the ground of Emuckfaw. During the night of the 23d there came on a hurricane, which is always favourable to the fighting of Indians, and as hia ANDREW JACKSON. 79 troops were not attacned, either in the night or during their march on the 23d, General Jackson rightly guessed that the enemy had made up their minds to lay in ambush for him at the ford of Eno- tochopco, about twelve miles from Emuckfaw. Here the stream runs through a deep and dangerous defile, the ford is deep, and the banks covered with under- wood and reeds, affording the best shelter for a lurking foe. Jackson, who had observed these things when he crossed before, at once resolved to lead his army over by a ford six hundred yards lower down. Expecting that the enemy, as soon as they discovered that he had chosen another route, would attack him in the rear, he formed his rear so as to receive them. It turned out as the General had anticipated. Part of the army had crossed the creek, the wounded were over, and the artillery were just entering, when an alarm gun was heard in the rear, and the next instant the whooping and yelling of the savages told that they were coming on in fearful numbers. The militia upon the right and the left, with their colonels at their head, being struck with a sudden panic, instantly retreated down the bank, leaving the brave General Carrol, with about twenty-five men, to check the advancing savages. Colonel Stump came plunging down the 80 LIFE OF bank, meeting General Jackson, who had been on the water's edge superintending the crossing of the artillery. Jackson made an unsuccessful attempt to draw his sword and cut the retreating coward down. Lieutenant Armstrong ordered his com- pany of artillery to form upon the hill, at the same time, with the assistance of one or two others, dragging up the cannon, a six-pounder, and pointing it towards the advancing savages. The ramrod and picker had been lost, and also two gunners, Perkins and Craven. Jackson supplied the defici- ency, using their muskets and ramrods to load it. Twice was the little gun fired, and did fearful execution among the Indians. This succeeded in checking the advancing enemy, and in the meantime Jackson had recalled a number of the panic-struck fugitives, who returned to the fihat Colonel Milton's brigade could not move, aa 94 LI FE OF the wagon-horses had stuyed away in the nigh and could not be found. Jackson sent back word to Milton, that he had discovered in such cases, a very effectual remedy, and that i<" he would detail twenty men to each wagon the ivTicully would be overcome. Milton took the hint, 2nd having dis mounted a few of his dragoons, avd using their horses, the wagons were soon in mot'Ou. Not the least opposition did the army experience in their march from the Indians, and ; t had now become apparent that the battle of Tohcp and moments of his life, and with the full conscious- ness of the change then before him and so near, one of his warmest wishes would be, that whatever errors he might have committed should be passing and transitory in their effect upon the constitution and institutions of his country. And while we may well ascribe this praiseworthy and benign dying sentiment to him, let us, with equal ingenuousness, cherish the feeling that whatever he has accom- plished for the real good of the country, its true character and real glory, may remain a just inhere itance attached to his memory." In the various critical situations in which he was placed by emergencies and the unlimited discretion ANDREW JACKSON. 181 cast upon him, he appears to have been governed by general and solid principles which he knew how to apply satisfactorily in explaining his measures. The very salutary energy and decision with which he pursued the course that he had deliberately con- cluded to be right and necessary, subjected him to the belief or charge of having acted merely from a vehement, overbearing, or arbitrary disposition. If his feelings were strongly roused and displayed against the timid or the traitorous portion of the in- habitants of New Orleans, who would have given the enemy an easy and fatal triumph — against the Spanish authorities in Florida who served the British and supplied the Seminoles — against Arbuthnot and Ambrister, the unwearied instigators and insidious confederates of the savages thirsting for American blood — against the imposter prophets, who had directed the butchery of white women and children, and whose occupation it was to incite depredation and murder — against a Spanish governor who would have violated a treaty and despoiled orphan females of their inheritance — we may say that both the warmth of those feelings, and the rigour with which they were manifested, will be easily excused by generous minds. General Jacksau was artificial in nothing. In 182 LIFE OF regard to business, he was indefatigable and saga cious, and, in the course of his practice as a lawyer he accumulated a competent estate. In person, General Jackson was tall, and remark- ably erect and thin. His weight bore no proportion to his height, and his f; ame., in general, did not appear fitted for trials such as it had borne. His features were large ; his eyes dark blue, with a keen and strong glance ; his eye-brows arched and prom- inent, and his complexion that of the war-worn soldier. His demeanour was easy and gentle: in every station he was open and accessible to all. The irritability of his temper, which was not denied by his friends, produced contrasts in his manner and countenance leading to very different conceptions and representations as to both : but those who have lived and acted with him bear unanimous testimony to the general mildness of his carriage and the kindness of his disposition. It is certain that he inspired his soldiers, his military household, his domestic circle, and his neighbours, with the most affectionate sentiments. The impetuosity of nis nature, his impatience of wrong and encroachment, his contempt for meanness, and his tenaciousness of just authority, involved him in bitter alter- cations and sanguinary quarrels :■ — his resentments ANDREW JACKSON. 183 wero fiercely executed, and his censures rashly uttered ; yet he cannot be accused of wanton or malicious violence ; the sallies which may be deemed intemperate can be traced to strong provocation, operating, in most instances, upon his patriotic zeal and the very generosity and loftiness of his spirit. His amusements consisted chiefly in the manage- ment of his domestic concerns, the sports of the turf, and social intercourse. He was temperate in his diet, and in all respects enjoyed a good private repu- tation. How sleep the brave, who sink to rest, By all their country's wishes blest ! 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The illus- trations are mostly drawn by a Japanese artist, and are very unique. " — . Chicago Herald. THE BEAR WORSHIPPERS OF YEZO AND THE ISLAND OF KARAFUTO ; being the further Ad- ventures of the Jewett Family and their Friend Oto Nambo. 180 illustrations. Boards. $1.75. Cloth, $2.50. Graphic pen and pencil pictures of the remarkable bearded people who *ive In the north of Japan. The illustrations are by native Japanese artists, and give queer pictures of a queer people, who have been seldom Visited. HARRY W. FRENCH'S BOOKS. OUR BOYS IN INDIA. The wanderings of two young Americans in Hindustan, with their exciting adventures on the sacred rivers and wild mountains. With 145 illustrations. Royal 8vo, 7 x 9£ inches. Bound in emblematic covers of Oriental design, $1.75. Cloth, black and gold, $2.50. While it has all the exciting interest of a romance, it is remarkably vivid in its pictures of manners and customs in the laud of the Hindu. The illustrations are many and excellent. OUR BOYS IN CHINA. The adventures of two young Ameri- cans, wrecked in the China Sea on their return from India, with their strange wanderings through the Chinese Empire. 188 illus- trations. Boards, ornamental covers in colors and gold. $1.75. Cioth, $2.50. This gives the further adventures of " Our Boys " of India fame in the land of Teas and Queues. Sold by all booksellers, and sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of prir*. LEE & SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. YOUNG FOLKS' HEROES OF HISTORY. By GEORGE MAKEPEACE TOWLE. Handsomely Illustrated. Price per vol., $1.25. Sets in neat bore& VASCO DA GAMA: HIS VOYAGES AND ADVENTURES. "Da Gama's history is full of striking adventures, thrilling incidents, and perilous situations; and Mr. Towle, while not sacrificing historical accuracy, iias so skilfully used his materials, that we have a charmingly romantic tale." — Rural M'ew- Yorker. PI Z A R RO: HTS ADVENTURES AND CONQUESTS. " No hero of romance possesses greater power to charm the youthful reader than the conqueror of Peru. Not even King Arthur, or Thaddeus of War- saw, has the power to captivate the imagination of the growing boy. Mr. Towle has handled his subject in a glowing but truthful manner; and wc venture the assertion, that, were our children led to read such books as this, the taste for unwholesome, exciting, wrong-teaching boys' books — dime novels in books' clothing — would be greatly diminished, to the great gain of mental force and moral purpose in the rising generation." — Chicago Alliance. MAGELLAN; OR, THE FIRST VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD, "What more of romantic and spirited adventures any bright boy cou'id want than is to be found in this series of historical biography, it is difficult to imagine. This volume is written in a most sprightly manner; and the life of its hero, Fernan Magellan, with its rapid stride from the softness of a petted youth to the sturdy courage and persevering fortitude of manhood, makes a tale of marvellous fascination." — Christian Union. MARCO POLO: HIS TRAVELS AND ADVENTURES. "The story of the adventurous Venetian, who six hundred years ago pena i trated into India and Cathay and Thibet and Abyssinia, is pleasantly and clearly told; and nothing better can be put into the hands of the school boy or girl than this series of the records of noted travellers. The heroism dis- played by these men was certainly as great as that ever shown by conquering warrior ; and it was exercised in a far nobler cause, — the cause of knowledge and discovery, which has made the nineteenth century what it is." ^.Graphic. RALEGH: HIS EXPLOITS AND VOYAGES. "This belongs to the ' Young Folks' Heroes of History ' series, and d^als •with a greater and more interesting man than any of its predecessors. With all the black spots on his fame, there are few more brilliant and striking figures in English history than the soldier, sailor, courtier, author, and ex- plorer, Sir Walter Ralegh. Even at this distance of time, more than two hundred and fifty years after his head fell on the scaffold, we cannot read his story without emotion. It is graphically written, and is pleasant reading, not 'only for young folks, but for old folks with young hearts." — Woman's Journal. DRAKE: THE SEA-LION OF DEVON. Drake was the foremost sea-captain of his age, the first English admiral to send a ship completely round the world, the hero of the magnificent victory which the English won over the Invincible Armada. His career waa Stirring, bold, and adventurous, from early youth to old age. LEE AND SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston. STANDARD ELOCUTIONARY BOOKS. FIVE-MINUTE DECLAMATIONS. Selected and adapted by Walter K. Fobes, teacher of elocution and public reader; author of " Elocution Simplified." Cloth. 5(J cents. FIVE-MINUTE RECITATIONS. By Walter K. Fobes. Cloth. 50 cents. FIVE-MINUTE READINGS. By Walter K. Fobes. Cloth. 50 cents. Pupils In public schools on declamation days are limited to five minutes each for the delivery of " pieces." There is a great complaint of the scarcity of material for such a purpose, while the injudicious pruning of eloquent extracts has often marred the desired effects. To obviate these difficulties, new " Five-Minute " books have been prepared by a competent teacher. ELOCUTION SIMPLIFIED. With an appendix on Lisping, Stara. mering, and other Impediments of Speech. By Walter K. Fobes, graduate of the." Boston School of Oratory." 16mo. Cloth. 50 cents. Paper, 30 cents. "The whole art of elocution is succinctly set forth in this small volume, Which might be judiciously included among the text-books of schools." — A T ew Orleans Picayune. ADVANCED READINGS AND RECITATIONS. By Austin B. Fletcher, A.M., LL.B., Professor of Oratory, Brown University, and Boston University School of Law. This book has been already adopted in a large number of Universities, Colleges, Post-graduate Schools of Law and Theology, Seminaries, etc. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50. "Professor Fletcher's noteworthy compilation has been made with rare rhetorical judgment, and evinces a sympathy for the best forms of litera- ture, adapted to attract readers and speakers, and mould their literary taste." — Prop. J. W. CHURCHILL. Andover Theological Seminary. THE COLUMBIAN SPEAKER. Consisting of choice and ani- mated pieces for declamation and reading. By Loomi? J. Campbell, and Orin Root, Jun. 16mo. Cloth. 75 cents. Mr. Campbell, as one of the editors of " Worcester's Dictionaries," the popular "Franklin Readers," and author of the successful little work, "Pronouncing Hand-Book of 3,000 Words," is well known as a thorough scholar. Mr. Root is an accomplished speaker and instructor in the West; and both, through experience knowing the need of such a work, are well qualified to prepare it. It in a genuine success. VOCAL AND ACTION-LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND EXPRESSION. By E. N. Kirby, teacher of elocution iu the Lynn High Schools. 12mo. English cloth binding. Price, §1.25. "Teachers and students of the art of public speaking, in any of its forms, will be benefited by a liberal use of this practical hand-book." — Prof. Churchill. KEENE'S SELECTIONS. Selection for reading and elocution. A hand-book for teachers and students. By J. W. Keene, A.M., M.D. Cloth. $1. "An admirable selection of practical pieces." LITTLE PIECES FOR LITTLE SPEAKERS. The primary school teacher's assistant. By a practical teacher. 16mo. lllustiated. 75 cents. Also in boards, 60 cents. Has had an immense sale. THE MODEL SUNDAY-SCHOOL SPEAKER. Containing selections, in prose and verse, from the most popular pieces and dialogues for Sunday-school exhibitions. UlUBt. Cloth. 75 cents. Boards, 60 cents. "A book very much needed." Special terms to teachers and classes LEE AND SHEPARD Publishers Boston J. T. TROWBRIDGE'S NOVELS. NEW UNIFORM EDITION. FARNELL'S FOLLY. " As a Novel of American Society, this book lias never been surpassed. Hearty ill style and wholesome in tone. Its pathos often melting, to tears, its humor always exciting merriment." CUDJO'S CAVE. Like "Uncle Tom's Cabin," this thrilling story was a stimulating power in the civil war, and had an immense sale. Secretary Chase, of President Lincoln's cabinet, said of it, "I could not help reading it : it interested and impressed me profoundly. ' THE THREE SCOUTS. Another popular book of the same stamp, of which " The Boston Tran- script " said, "It promises to have a larger sale than ' Cudjo's Cave.' It is impossible lo open the volume at any page without being fctruck by the quick movement and pervading anecdote of the story." THE DRUMMER BOY. A Story of Burnside's Expedition. Illustrated by F. O. C. Darlet. " The most popular book of the season. It will sell without pushing." — Ziuu'n Herald. MARTIN MERRIVALE: His X Mark. " Strong in humor, pathos, and unabated interest. In none of the books Issued from the American press can there be found a purer or more deli- cate sentiment, a more genuine good taste, or a nicer appreciation and brighter delineation of character." — English Journal. NEIGHBOR JACKWOOD. A story of New-England life in the slave-tracking days. Dramatized for the Boston Museum, it had a long run to crowded houses. The story is one of Trowbridge's very best. COUPON BONDS, and other Stories. The leading story is undoubtedly the most popular of Trowbridge'* short stories. The others are varied in character, but are either intensely interesting or " highly amusing." NEIGHBORS' WIVES. An ingenious and well-told story. Two neighbors' wives are tempted beyond their streugth to resist, and steal ?ach from the other. One is discovered in the act, under ludicrous and humiliating circumstances, but 's generously pardoned, with a promise of secrecy. Of course she L>i''d"B her secret, and of course perplexities come. It is a capital story. 12mo. Clolh. Price per volume, $1.50. Sold by all bookseller* and newsdealers, and Kent by mail, postpaid* on receipt of price. " If, according to a familiar saying - , he is a benefactor of the race "who makes one blade of grass grow where none grew before, much more is he to be reckoned such who succeeds in making books at once instructive and entertaining for boys. Such is the good fortune of Mr. Optic, if we may designate him by his ' nom de plume.' He appears to be the true successor of Peter Parley, who, in our boyhood's days, was the most Interesting character then living." — Xew E^glajsider. BOSTON : LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS, No. 10 Milk Street. OLIVER OPTICS BOOKS. THE BOAT-BUILDER SERIES Completed in Six Volumes. Illustrated. Per Vol., $1.25. 1. ALL ADRIFT; Or, The Gold wing Club. 2. SNUG HARBOR; Or, The Champlain Mechanics* 3. SQUARE AND COMPASS; Or, Building the House. 4. STEM TO STERN; Or, Building the Boat. 5. ALL TAUT; Or, Rigging the Boat. «. READY ABOUT; Or, Sailing the Boat. The series includes in six successive volumes the whole art of boat-building, boat-rigging, boat-managing, and practical hints to make the ownership of a boat j>ay. A great deal of useful information will be given in this Boat-Building series, and in each book a very interesting story is sure to be inter- woven with the information. Every reader will be interested at once in " Dory," the hero of "All Adrift," and one of tin? characters to be retained in the future volumes of the series*, at least there are already several of his recently made friends who do not want to lose sight of him, and this will be the case of pretty much every boy who makes his acquaintance in "All Adrift." OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ARMY AND NAYY STORIES, Six Volumes, Illustrated. Per vol., $1.50. 1. THE SOLDIER BOY; Or, Tom Somers in the Array. 2. THE SAILOR BOY; Or, Jack Somers in the Navy. 3. THE YOUNG LIEUTENANT; Or, Adventures of an Army Officer. 4. THE YANKEE MIDDY; Or, Adventures of a Navy 0,fl?*-er. 5. FIGHTING JOE; Or, The Fortunes of a Staff Officer, 6. BRAVE OLD SALT ; Or, Iafe on the Quarter-Deck. This series of six volumes recounts the adventures of two orothers, Tom and Jack Somers, one in the arnry, the other in the navy, in the great civil war. The romantic narratives of the foi'tunes and exploits of the brothers are thrilling in the extreme. Historical accuracy in the recital of the great events of that period is strictly followed, and the result is not only a library of entertaining volumes, but also the best history of the civil war for young people ever written. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ILLUSTRATION TO ARMY AND NAVY STORIES. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. YOUNG AMERICA ABROAD. FIBST SERIES. A Iiilxrary of Travel and Adventure in Foreign Lands. 16mo. Illustrated by Wast, Stevens, Perkins, and others. I*er volume, $1.50. 1. OUTWARD BOUND; Or, Young America Afloat. 2. SHAMROCK AND THISTLE; Or, Young America in Ireland and Scotland. 3. RED CROSS; Or. Young America in England and Wales. 4. DIKES AND DITCHES; Or, Young America in Holland and Belgium. 5. PALACE AND COTTAGE; Or, Young America in France and Switzerland. o. DOWN THE RHINE; Or, Young America in Germany. The story from its inception and through the twelve vol- umes (^ee Second Series), is a bewitching one, while the in- formation imparted, concerning the countries of Europe and the isles of the sea, is not only correct in every particular, but is told in a captivating style. " Oliver Optic" will continue to be the bo,y's friend, and his pleasant books will continue to be road by thousands of American boys. What a fine holiday present either or both series of " Young America Abroad" would be for a 3 T oung friend ! It would make a little library highly prized by the recipient, and would not be an expensive one. — Providence Press. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. YOUNG AMERICA ABROAD. SECOND SERIES. A. Ubrary of Travel and Adventure in Foreign Lan<|g. 16mo. Illustrated by Wast, Stevens, Perkins, and others. Per volume, $1.50. 1. UP THE BALTIC; Or, Young America in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. 2. NORTHERN LANDS; Or, Young America in Russia and Prussia. 3. CROSS AND CRESCENT; Or, Young America in Turkey and Greece. 4. SUNNY SHORES; Or, Young America in Italy and Austria. 5. VINE AND OLIVE; Or, Young America in Spain and Portugal. 6. ISLES OF THE SEA; Or, Young America Homeward Bound. " Oliver Optic" is a noun de plume that is known and loved by almost every boy of intelligence in the land. We have seen a highly intellectual and world-weary man, a cynic whose heart was somewhat imbittered bjr its large experience of human nature, take up one of Oliver Optic's books and read it at a sitting, neglecting his work in 3-ielding to the fascina- tion of the pages. When a mature and exceedingly well- informed mind, long despoiled of all its freshness, can thus find pleasure in a book for boys, no additional words of rec- ommendation are needed. — Sunday Times. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. WOODVILLE STORIES. Uniform with Library for Young People. Six vols. 16mo. Illn» trated. Per vol., $1.35. 1. RICH AND HUMBLE; Oi, Tne Mission of Bertha Grant. 2. IN SCHOOL AND OUT; Or, The Conquest of Richard Grant. 3. WATCH AND WAIT; Or, The Young Fugitives. 4. WORK AND WIN ; Or, Noddy Newman on a Cruise. 5. HOPE AND HAVE; Or, Fanny Gran}, among the Indians. 6. HASTE AND WASTE; Or, The Young Pilot of Lake Chain plain. Though we are not so young as we once were, we relished these stories almost as much as the boys and girls for whom they were written. They were really refreshing even to us. There is much in them which is calculated to inspire a gener- ous, health}' ambition, and to make distasteful all reading tending to stimulate base desires. — Fitcliburg Reveille. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ILLUSTRATION TO THE WOODVILLE STORIES. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. THE LAKE SHORE SERIES. Six volumes. Illustrated. In neat box. Per vol., $1.95. 1. THROUGH BY DAYLIGHT; Or, The Young Engineer of the Lake Shore Railroad. 2. LIGHTNING EXPRESS; Or, The Rival Academies. 3. ON TIME; Or, The Youug Captain of the Ucayga Steamer 4. SWITCH OFF; Or, The War of the Students. 5. BRAKE-UP; Or, The Young Peacemakers. 6. BEAR AND FORBEAR; Or, The Young Skipper of Lake Ucayga. 1 ' Oliver Optic " is one of the most fascinating writers foi youth, and withal one of the best to be found in this or anj past age. Troops of young people hang over his vivid pages, and not one of them ever learned to be mean, ignoble, cow* ardly, selfish, or to yield to any vice from anything they eve* read from his pen. — Providence Press. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. THE STARRY FLAG SERIES. Six volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., $1.35. 1. THE STARRY FLAG; Or, The Young Fisherman of Cape Ana. 2. BREAKING AWAY; Or, The Fortunes of a Student. 3. SEEK AND FIND; Or, The Adventures of a Smart Boy. 4. FREAKS OF FORTUNE; Or. Half Round the World. 5. MAKE OR BREAK; Or, The Rich Man's Daughter. 6. DOWN THE RIVER; Or, Buck Bradford and the Tyrants. Mr. Adams, the celebrated and popular writer, familiarly /nown as " Oliver Optic," seems to have inexhaustible funds for weaving together the virtues of life ; and notwithstanding he has written scores of books, the same freshness and nov- ehy runs through them all. Some people think the sensa- tional element predominates. Perhaps it does. But a book for young people needs this ; and so long as good sentiments are inculcated such books ought to be read. — Pittsburg Ga- zette. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ."""'," '' ?!■"""■■ ^'"^''■I'llli': :: *:Si; 1)4 ,;:' jinii».i'L'U....ij',c i! rai0»#i"«2 ; **' OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. THE ONWARD AND UPWARD SERIES. Complete in six volumes. Illustrated. In neat bex. Per volume, $1.35. 1. FIELD AND FOREST; Or, The Fortunes of a Farmer. 2. PLANE AND PLANK; Or, The Mishaps of a Mechanic. 3. DESK AND DEBIT; Or, The Catastrophes of a Clerk. 4. CRINGLE AND CROSS-TREE; Or, The Sea Swashes of a Sailor. 5. BIVOUAC AND BATTLE; Or, The Struggles of a Soldier. 6. SEA AND SHORE; Or, The Tramps of a Traveller. Paul Farringford, the hero of these tales, is, like most of Ibis author's heroes, a young man of high spirit, and of high aims and correct principles, appearing in the different vol* umes as a farmer, a captain, a bookkeeper, a soldier, a sailor, and a traveller. In all of them the hero meets with very exciting adventures, told in the graphic style for which tins author is famous. — Native. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. FAMOUS "BOAT-CLUB" SEEIES. Library for l r oung People. Six volumes, handsomely illustrated. .Per volume, $1.35. 1. THE BOAT CLUB; Or, The Bunkers of Rippleton. 2. ALL ABOARD; Or, Life on the Lake. 3. NOW OR NEVER; Or, The Adventures of Bobby Bright. 4. TRY AGAIN ; Or, The Trials and Triumphs of Harry Weft 5. POOR AND PROUD; Or, The Fortunes of Katy Redbnrn. 6. LITTLE BY LITTLE; Or, The Cruise of the Flyaway. This is the first series of books written for the young by * Oliver Optic." It laid the foundation for his fame as the first of authors in which the 3 r oung delight, and gained for him the title of the Prince of Story-Tellers. The six books are varied in incident and plot, but all are entertaining and original. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ILLUSTRATION TO THE FAMOUS " BOAT-CLUB " SERIES. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. THE QREAT WESTERN SERIES. Six Volumes. Illustrated. Per vol., $1.50. 1. GOING WEST; Or, The Perils of a Poor Boy. 2. OUT WEST; Or, Roughing it on the Great Lakes. 3. LAKE BREEZES; Or, The Cruise of the Sylvania. 4. GOING SOUTH ; Or, Yachting on the Atlantic Coast 5. DOWN SOUTH; Or, Yacht Adventures in Florida. (In Press 6. UP THE RIVER; Or, Yachting on the Mississippi. (In Press.) This is the latest series of books issued by this popular writer, and deals with Life on the Great Lakes, for which a careful study was made by the author in a summer tour of the immense water sources of America. The story, which carries the same hero through the six books of the series, is always entertaining, novel scenes and varied incidents giving a con- stantly cnanging, yet alwaj's attractive aspect to the narra- tive. "Oliver Optic" has written nothing better. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ILLUSTRATION TO THE GREAT WESTERN SERIES. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. YACHT CLUB SERIES. Vaifor««i witH the ever popular "Boat Club," Series, Completed in six vols. lGino. Illustrated. Per vol., $1.50. 1. LITTLE BOBTAIL; Or, The Wreck of the Penobscot. 2. THE YACHT CLUB; Or, The Young Boat-Builders. 3. MONEY-MAKER; Or, The Victory of the Basilisk. 4. THE COMING WAVE; Or, The Treasure of High Rock. 6. THE DORCAS CLUB; Or, Our CJirls Afloat. 6. OCEAN BORN; Or, The Cruise of the Clubs. The series has this peculiarity, that all of its constituent volumes are independent of one another, and therefore each story is complete in itself. "Oliver Optic" is perhaps the favorite author of the boys and girls of this country, and he seems destined to enjoy an endless popularity. He deserves his success, for he makes very interesting stories, and incul- cates none but the best sentiments ; and the ' ' Yacht Club * is no exception to this rule. — New Haven Jour, omd Courier. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. r r c w H H O H X n > o W H O to fed M w OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. RIVERDALE STORY-BOOKS. Twelve Volumes, profusely illustrated. A new edition from new type. Cloth, per vol., 35 cts. Boards, Illustrated Covers, 25 cts. This Cut represents the 12 vols, in the New Style Board Cover, in Colors. The " Riverdale Stories " are a series of short, bright sto< ries for younger children, but they all display the author's talent for pleasing " Little Folks " as well as the older children. They are all fresh, taking stories, preaching no sermons but inculcating good lessons. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ILLUSTRATIONS TO THE RIVERDALE STORY-BOOKS. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. IN DOORS AND OUT: OK, VIEWS FROM A CHIMNEY CORNER. l'-imo. Numerous Illustrations. $1.50. Differing from other books of this popular author in that it is intended for adult readers, while the others are written for young people. It contains about thirt} r bright and interesting stories of a domestic order, directed against the follies and foibles of the age. They are written in a kindly, genial style, and with a sincere purpose to promote happiness, good feeling, and right dealing in domestic, business, and social relations. Many who have not time and patience to wade through a long story, will find here many pithy and sprightly tales, each sharply hitting some social absurdity or social vice. We recommend the book heartily after having read the three chapters on " Taking a Newspaper." If all the rest are as sensible and interesting as these, and doubtless they are, the book is well worthy of patronage. — Vermont Record. As a writer of domestic stories, Mr. William T. Adams (Oliver Optic) made his mark even before he became so im- mensely popular through his splendid books for the young. In the volume before us are given several of these tales, and they comprise a book which will give them a popularity greater than they have ever before enjoyed. The}' are writ- ten in a spirited style, impart valuable practical lessons, and are of the most lively interest. We have seen these stories likened to Arthur's domestic tales ; but while they instil equally as valuable lessons, we think them written with much more force and spirit. — Boston Home Journal. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. ILLUSTRATION TO IN DOORS AND OUT. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. FOR ADULT READERS. THE WAY OF THE WORLD. 12mo. Cloth. Illustrated, $1.75. One of the most interesting American novels we have evei read. — Philadelphia City Item. This story treats of a fortune of $3,000,000, left a youth- ful heir. The volume comprises 464 pages, and bears evi- dence in every chapter of the fresh, original and fasci- nating style which has always enlivened Mr. Adams's pro- ductions. We have the same felicitous manner of working out the plot by conversation, the same quaint wit and humor, and a class of characters which stand out boldly, pen pho- tographs of living beings. The enlightened and liberal man of wealth ; the scheming doctor ; the polished and un- principled artist ; the innocent victim of man's perfidy ; the fiery brother, bursting out at his sister's wrongs ; and all the minor characters are well-drawn. The book furnishes a most romantic, and withal a most instructive illustration of the way of the world in its false estimate of money. All who read the first chapter entitled "Three Millions," will not be satisfied until they have read the thirty-five chapters terminating with "The Last of the Three Millions." This story is fascinating, and you will be pleased ana 'profited by reading it. tlllflfe iiili Sili! «» o b Jiff Iff ■ fiiiiiss OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. FOR ADULT READERS. LIVING TOO FAST; OR, THE CONFESSIONS OF A BANK OFFICER. 12mo. Clotn. Illustrated. $1.50. This is a most entertaining story, and it also carries with it an excellent moral, self-evident to almost any reader. It is beautifully printed and graphically illustrated. The scene of the story is laid in Boston ; and the author's experience wfth his mother-in-law is very readable, as is also his reckless expenditures for his wife's sake, he harboring a false pride which inclined him to think that keeping up appearances was nearly the whole life. If you want to place a thoroughly en- tertaining and profitable book in your library, do not fail to send to the publishers of this charming story, who will promptly furnish it on receipt of the price. - — Boston Cultivator. " Here is the last and best work of that instructive author. It is full of incidents of a fast life, the expedients to keep up appearances, resulting in crime, remorse, and the evil opinion of all good men. The narrative is replete with startling situations, temptations, and all that makes up a thrilling story, in the semblance of an autobiography welfc rendered, sprightly, pathetic, with a dash of sensation. OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. Jllustration to LIVING TOO FAST- OLIVER OPTIC'S BOOKS. WILLIAM T. ADAMS, Familiarly known as " Oliver Optic,*' was bom in Medway, Mass., July 30, 1822. His first juvenile book, "The Boat Club," was published in 1854, since which time he has published over seventy volumes, of which upwards of a million copies have been sold, while the demand for them ii ateady and continuous. This great success and enduring popularity are not without plain under lying causes, first of which, of course, must he mentioned natural aptitude; then a thorough sympathy with boys, and familiarity with their needs and desires, probably acquired in his long and varied school experience; then the absolute dearth of books suited to the wide-awake American youth of both sexes prior to Mr. Adams' appearance as their entertainer. At a recent dedication of a branch of the Boston Public Library, in Dorchester, Mr. Adams said: "When I began to write stories for the young, I had a distinct purpose in my mind. How well I remember the books I read unknown to my parents, when I was a boy! There were ' The Three Spaniards,' 'Alonzo and Melissa,' ' The Mysteries of Udolpho,' ' Rinaldo Rinaldini,' ' Freemantle, the Privateersman,' and similar works, not often found at the present time on the shelves of the booksellers, though I am sorry to say, their places have been filled with books hardly less perni- cious. The hero of these stories was a pirate, a highwayman, a smuggler, or a bandit. He was painted in glowing colors, and in admiring his boldness, my sympathies were with this outlaw and outcast of society. These books ■were bad, very bad, because they brought the reader in sympathy with evil and wicked men. It seemed to me that stories just as interesting, just as exciting, if you please, could be written without any of the evil tendencies of these harmful books. I have tried to do this in the stories I have written for young people. I have never written a story which would excite the love, admiration, and sympathy of the reader for an evil person, a bad character. I have never made a hero whose moral character, or whose lack of high aims and purposes, could mislead the young i eador. This has been my standard, and however others may regard it, I deem it a safe one." Any of Oliver Optic's books, either in single volumes, or in sets, can be pro- cured of all Booksellers ; or will be sent by mail, postage, paid, on receipt of price. Libraries supplied. Catalogue of our publications sent free by mail to any address, on application. LEE AND SHEPARD, Publishers, Boston, Mass. m.